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ALSTROEMERIA Rashtriya Krishi | Volume 6 No ALSTROEMERIA Rashtriya Krishi | Volume 6 No. 2 | December, 2011| 6-8 ALSTROEMERIA SANKARI, A.M. ANAND, S. NAGALAKSHMI AND R. ARULMOZHIYAN Horticultural Research Station (T.N.A.U.), Yercaud, SALEM (T.N.) INDIA (Email: [email protected]) Alstroemeria is a commercially important bulbous Alstromeria - Brazilian lily plant primarily grown for its beautiful cut flowers. These caryophyllacea herbaceous perennials are also popular as potted plants Alstromeria - purple spot and garden flowers. haemantha parrot lily These are commonly Alstromeria ligtu - Lily of the Nile known as Peruvian lily. Alstromeria - White It is native to Peru- psittacina Alstromeria South America, Alstromeria - Flowers orange belongs to the family hookeria suffused pink Liliaceae. Aurantiaca, Butterfly, Orchid, Carmen are the famous The name varieties of Alstroemeria. Alstroemeria is Alstreomeria requires deep well drained soil rich in derived from Swedish humus with soil pH of 6.5 are good for cultivation of this law-Scientists Carl Alstromer (1736 -1794), learner to crop. These plants thrive and flower well in cool subtropical Linnaeus. Most of the botanical varieties originated in climate. The optimum temperature range varies between Chile. There are varieties found in the mountains of Andes, 13- 200C During winter months, temperatures should be some in the deserts along the pacific coastline and even 100C at night and 160C in day time. Light is critical for deep in the tropical forests of Brazil. The ‘Inca-lily’ these plants. A photoperiod of 13 to 16 hours and the light prosper at high altitude and with at least twelve hours of intensity of 5000 ft candles are best for flowering. sunlight each day. Additional lightning can be cyclic or continuous or a night Alstroemerias are rhizomatous perennials, consisting break can be used. Partial shady location is preferable of sympodial fleshy and multi-stemmed rhizomes. The for better vegetative growth of the plants. Based on the leaves are entire, grey green to dark green in colour, colour, it is classified as follows: hairless and thick. Depending on the environmental conditions, the shoots are either reproductive or vegetative. White Amanta, Alaska,Friendship,Snow queen The inflorescence is a whorled cymose. Each cyme is Yellow Barceolana,Orchid Boilivia sympodially branched up to four florets per cyme. Bronze butterscotch Alstromeria is a slightly zygomorphic (bilaterally Red Carmen,Fanfare symmetrical) flower with 3 sepals and 3 striped petals. It Pink Annabel,Diana,Cinderella has six stamens and an undivided style. The ovary of the alstroemeria is inferior with 3 carpels. The alstromeria Alstroemeria is commonly propagated by the division flowers are usually fleshy and are pollinated by bees. The of rhizomes. For quick and productive crop, active growing flowers resemble miniature lilies and are generally spotted healthy and disease free divisions are necessary. It is also and marked striped with shaded colours and contrast done through seeds, but this is generally avoided due to patches. variability. Generally plants raised from seeds produced The following species are related to Alstroemeria more lateral shoots when com pared to division. In-vitro Species: germination of fresh seeds takes nearly two weeks, if Alstromeria aurea - Lily of the Incas sown at 15 to 180C for better germination, seeds which Alstromeria - Peruvian lily are more than one year old from harvest are generally aurantiaca sown in moist warm conditions at 18-250C and kept for a Alstromeria - Flowers lavender month, thereafter moist cool conditions is required for violacea Coloured another month. Alstromeria - Parrot lily/parrot flower Alstromeria grow well in the hills. Planting of rhizome pelegrina is done in late summer. Soil is prepared to a fine tilth. HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE 6 RASHTRIYA KRISHI, Vol. 6 (2); Dec., 2011 Raised beds of 90 cm breadth and 30 cm height are malformed and their colour become streaked. At the same formed. The rhizomes are planted at a depth of 7.5 to 10 time the flowers fail to mature and open and the petal cm. Depending upon varieties, they are spaced at a distance tops become brown. Thrips are controlled by spraying of 45 x 45 cm or 40 x 50 cm. Two rows of rhizomes are acephate 1gm/lit of water. planted per bed. Mites are usually found on the underside of the leaf. Application of fertilizers mainly depending on soil It positions itself in the plant cells and sucks the sap. As a analysis. The soil pH should be maintained to the optimum result white dots are seen on the underside of the foliage. level. These plants are sensitive to high salt level. Before During severe infestation the plant foliage turns yellow planting, a basal dose of cattle manure (20 tons/ac), neem and wilts finally causes the death of the plant. Spraying cake (3 tons/ac) and NPK@40:40:40 kg/ac are applied. Fenzaquin 2ml/lit of water controls mites. Top dressing with 10kg potassium nitrate and 20 kg Caterpillars feeds ion leaves and flower buds causing calcium nitrate is given once in a month. Neem cake 250 damage to the plant. Caterpillars are controlled by spraying g/plant is recommended for every month. acephate 1gm/lit of water or chloropyriphos @1ml/lit of Planting media of Alstroemeria should be kept moist. water. It performs best when plants receive frequent, fairly heavy Botrytis causes the plant to rot showing fluffs of dusty watering. Because, most of the roots are located in the grey mould and brown colour strains appear on the flowers top layer of the soil. When the growth is very intensive in which are also blemished with small lumps.Heating and the autumn and winter or when the leaves turn yellow it is ventilation is the beast remedy for rot, With regular crop better to give less water for a few weeks. Over watering thinning, the crop dose not only receive more light but adversely affects flower production and causes root rot. also better air circulation. Spraying of benomyl 0.1% is Adequate ventilation and good air movement is desirable. done. To avoid a vigorous reproductive growth when planted in Pythium attacks an alstreomeria crop, which is planted the autumn it is necessary to thin the plants by pulling in heavy compact soil and remains constantly wet. Pythium blind stems regularly. gives a glazed appearance to When planting is a part of the root which done in spring or summer eventually rots away. The it is necessary to build up inner part of the root the crop by pinching the remains intact, but the outer first ten to fifteen stems glazed area is lost. Spraying on a plant. By this the of Fosetyl Aluminium grower can ensure a @1.5g/lit of water control. crop of alstromeria In case of Rhizoctonia having enough length rot, the stems show rotting later. During winter these just above the soli level. The pinched stems can be crop gives a retarded pulled out. appearance. Stems show There are several brown strains upon the area varieties that grow tall. that is submerged Hence, support lines are underground. Sterilised set up on the beds media and fungicide immediately after planting. At the time of planting, 3 or 4 drenches are used at the time of planting to reduce these layers of wide netting is fixed and these layers are raised diseases. Spraying Cholothalanil 1.5g/lit of water is found as the plats grow. The lower most layer should be about to be effective. 30cm above the ground level. The netting usually has High light intensities, long photoperiod and cool openings of 20 x17 cm size. temperature are favourable for good flower production. Aphids are usually found on young leaves and flowers. In such conditions plants flower within 100 to 120 days It pierces and sucks the foliage causing the growth to and continue flowering year round. Best flowering under become retarded. The plants become malformed and the natural conditions is in spring and early summer season. crop fades in colour and wilts. It is effectively controlled Flowers are harvested when the flowers are fully by spraying Dimethoate @ 2ml/lit of water. coloured. Harvesting is done by pulling the stems out of Thrips causes silver coloured strains appear on the the soil. the stems are harvested twice a week during the foliage and the shoot tops are crumpled. Flowers are winter and 2 to 4 times a week during the summer. For RASHTRIYA KRISHI, Vol. 6 (2); Dec., 2011 7 HIND AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE long distance markets, flowers are harvested when the Alstroemeria can be stored at 40C for 2 to 3 days. buds are about to open and start to colour. For local market, Alstroemeria are normally bunched. One bunch consisting harvest is delayed until the first 3 flowers have opened. of about 10 flowers is sleeved and packed in horizontal The yield ranges from 180-400 stems/m2/year boxes. The flower pedicels are affected by gravity and depending on variety and production method. bend upwards when temperature control during storage The flower stems are graded into three classes. Class is poor. Alstroemeria is sensitive to ethylene and hence one flowers are 80 cm long with rigid stems and show these are to be pulsed with STS at 4mm for 12 hours three or more flowers per stalk. Second class or class B before storage or transportation. Increase in vase life and flowers should have a class or Class B flowers should prevention of yellowing of foliage can be achieved if the have a minimal length of 60-70 cm with three or more cut flowers are kept in 100ppm GA3 solution. flowers stems per stalk. FEE FOR JOURNALS AND MAGAZINES Journal/Magazine Annual Life Subscription Fee Subscription Fee Individual Institution Individual Institution International Journal of Plant Sciences 500/- 1000/- 5000/- 10000/- Asian Journal of Bio Science 500/- 1000/- 5000/- 10000/- Asian Journal of Environmental Science 500/- 1000/- 5000/- 10000/- The Asian Journal of Experimental Chemistry 500/- 1000/- 5000/- 10000/- Asian Journal of Home Science 500/- 1000/- 5000/- 10000/- The Asian Journal of Animal Science 500/- 1000/- 5000/- 10000/- International Journal of Agricultural Sciences 500/- 1000/- 5000/- 10000/- Agriculture Update (Journal of Extension & Ag.
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