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Seminar Report SECURING the FUTURE BATTLESPACE

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Seminar Report SECURING the FUTURE BATTLESPACE Seminar Report SECURING THE FUTURE BATTLESPACE: INFORMATION AND SPACE WARFARE December 21, 2019 Seminar Coordinator: Colonel Neeraj Trivedi Rapporteur: Tejusvi Shukla, Thejus Gireesh, Anushka Saraswat, Shivangi Dikshit Centre for Land Warfare Studies RPSO Complex, Parade Road, Delhi Cantt, New Delhi-110010 Phone: 011-25691308; Fax: 011-25692347; Army No.: 33098 email: [email protected]; website: www.claws.in The Centre for Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, is an independent think tank dealing with contemporary issues of national security and conceptual aspects of land warfare, including conventional and sub-conventional conflicts and terrorism. CLAWS conducts research that is futuristic in outlook and policy-oriented in approach. CLAWS Vision: To establish as a leading Centre of Excellence, Research and Studies on Military Strategy & Doctrine, Land Warfare, Regional & National Security, Military Technology and Human Resource. © 2020, Centre for Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi All rights reserved The views expressed in this report are sole responsibility of the speaker(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Government of India, or Integrated Headquarters of MoD (Army) or Centre for Land Warfare Studies. The content may be reproduced by giving due credit to the speaker(s) and the Centre for Land Warfare Studies, New Delhi. Printed in India by Bloomsbury Publishing India Pvt. Ltd. DDA Complex LSC, Building No. 4, 2nd Floor Pocket 6 & 7, Sector – C Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070 www.bloomsbury.com CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 DETAILED REPORT 3 • Inaugural Session 5 Opening Remarks by Director, CLAWS 5 – Special Address by Shri Nitin Gadkari, Hon’ble Minister for Road, Transport and Highways, Shipping Ministry and MSME 6 – Keynote Address by Lieutenant General Raj Shukla, YSM, SM, DGPP and President Executive Council, CLAWS 8 – Special Address by Shri Rajeev Chandrasekhar, Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha 10 – Special Address by General VP Malik, PVSM, AVSM (Retd), Former COAS 12 – Synopsis of the book Future of Land Warfare: Beyond the Horizon 15 • Session I. Information Warfare: Converged Operations and Vulnerabilities 17 – Information Warfare: Evolution as an Integrated Domain of Warfare 18 – Cyber Warfare and Contemporary Challenges to National Security 21 – National Strategy to Shape Perceptions and Environment 23 • Session II. Space Security 25 – Space Militarisation: National Security and Strategic Perspective 28 iv CONTENTS – China’s Military Space Strategy and Capability Build up 30 – Space Domain: Vulnerabilities and Way Ahead 33 PROGRAMME 37 CONCEPT NOTE 39 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Technological advancements have brought a paradigm shift in the battlespace. Today, the five domains of warfare—air, land, sea, space, and cyber have merged into the Information Domain. Combat is no longer confined to the physical domain; it has become a feature of informational and cognitive domains. Information and space domains are critical components of the strategic military domain. The military leveraging of emerging disruptive technologies requires dynamic responses. The larger battle is about the control of the digital battlespace. Technological capacities in enabling areas of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and cyber can decisively tilt the military balance. Information Domain is the most integrating and decisive domain of war. There is a requirement of having net-centric platforms and converged communication networks in the Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Information, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C4I2SR) architecture for achieving a Tri- Services synergy for aggregated effects. Thus, communication can also act as a decisive catalyst for achieving jointness. Now, information control has become a pre-requisite before the launch of a tactical operation. The strategic perspective of new emerging technologies must have a broad-based understanding of its purpose, our responses, and how competitive advantage can be achieved by leveraging information in a net-centric environment. Asymmetric war, with cyber operations and exploitation of social media, is being fought for building a narrative to the advantage of adversaries. With the increasing use of AI and Quantum Computing, there is an equal emphasis on the offensive, as well as, defensive cyber operations. Out-of-the-box thinking and measures are required to win the battle of perception management. A national strategy is required to exploit social media to own advantage as this has the advantage of causing huge disruption on the adversary without a single shot being fired. 2 SECURING THE FUTURE BATTLESPACE China’s massive investment in Research and Development (R&D) of emerging technologies like Cyber, Space, and AI is a cause of concern. Their pre-dominance in the field of 5G will give them unfettered access and control over the internet and hence, information across the globe. China has been successful in getting its acts together and having a co-ordinated, well-developed Comprehensive National Security Strategy (CNSS) where there is a convergence of civil, military, and economic elements of power. India has justified ambitions but that needs to be backed by technological capability which is in-sync with its vision and economic prowess. We have to be better than our adversary or we are not there at all. There is a requirement to develop centres of excellence in R&D, reorient the training of Armed Forces personnel keeping in tune with modern realities and get them technologically oriented. We must utilise the talent and skills available in the civil industry. Embracing technology has to be taken as a national mission if we wish to leapfrog across this technological divide and get abreast with our adversaries. We need to develop our security protocols and have data ownership. There is planning, awareness, and knowledge of requirements, but we are lacking in fast-paced implementation. A National Security Technology Board should be set up to coordinate and utilise skills across all sectors and coordinate and monitor the fast implementation of projects as a national endeavour. We need to wake up to the threat that control of future technologies and the internet is slipping out of the hands of democratically elected governments due to the expanding Chinese footprints. Therefore, there is a need to reorient and focus our priorities to secure the future battlespace by having a pre-dominance in Information Domain including Cyber and Space. DETAILED REPORT The Centre for Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS) organised a seminar on “Securing the Future Battlespace: Information and Space Warfare” on December 21, 2019 at the Manekshaw Centre, Delhi. On this occasion, CLAWS also released a book, “Future of Land Warfare: Beyond the Horizon”. Important issues highlighted at the Seminar are as mentioned in succeeding paragraphs. Objective of the Seminar The objective of the Seminar was to debate on the issues related to securing of the future battlespace with a focus on information and space warfare. The issues were to be deliberated upon in two sessions on specific aspects to generate recommendations that would assist in addressing concerns of the future operational environment. Conduct The Seminar was conducted under the following sessions: • Inaugural Session and Book Release: Opening Remarks by Lieutenant General (Dr.) VK Ahluwalia, PVSM, AVSM**, YSM, VSM (Retd), Director CLAWS – Keynote Address by Lieutenant General Raj Shukla, YSM, SM, DG PP – Special Address by Shri Nitin Gadkari, Hon’ble Minister of Road, Transport, and Highways, Shipping and MSME – Special Address by Shri Rajeev Chandrasekhar, Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha – Special Address by General VP Malik, PVSM, AVSM (Retd), Former COAS – Book Release: Future of Land Warfare: Beyond the Horizon, Editor: Major General (Dr.) PK Chakravorty, VSM (Retd) 4 SECURING THE FUTURE BATTLESPACE • Session I. Information Warfare: Converged Operations and Vulnerabilities. Chaired by Lieutenant General (Dr.) Rajesh Pant, PVSM, AVSM, VSM, (Retd), National Cyber Security Coordinator – Information Warfare: Evolution as an Integrated Domain of Warfare by Lieutenant General Rajeev Sabherwal, AVSM, VSM, SO-in-C – Cyber Warfare and Contemporary Challenges to National Security by Shri Alok Joshi, Member NSAB, Ex-Chairman NTRO – National Strategy to Shape Perceptions and Environment by Major Gaurav Arya (Retd), Defence Analyst • Session II. Space Security. Chaired by Shri VK Saraswat, Member NITI Aayog – Space Militarisation: National Security and Strategic Perspective by Group Captain Ajey Lele (Retd), Senior Fellow IDSA – China’s Military Space Strategy and Capability Build up by Colonel PS Bath, PP Dte – Space Domain: Vulnerabilities and Way Ahead by Dr. Rajeswari Pillai Rajagopalan, Senior Fellow, ORF DETAILED REPORT 5 INAUGURAL SESSION Opening Remarks by Lieutenant General (Dr.) VK Ahluwalia, PVSM, AVSM**, YSM, VSM (Retd), Director CLAWS Inaugural address delivered by Lt Gen (Dr.) VK Ahluwalia, Director CLAWS In his opening remarks Director CLAWS, Lieutenant General (Dr.) VK Ahluwalia welcomed the gathering on behalf of CLAWS fraternity to the Seminar on “Securing the Future Battlespace: Information and Space Warfare” and for the release of CLAWS book “Future of Land Warfare: Beyond the Horizon”. He conveyed that both the book and the seminar, crystal gazes into the revolutionary changes in technology, changes in the character of conflicts, employment of forces, and new threats and challenges to the national
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