Darjeeling and Beyond
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The Land in Gorkhaland on the Edges of Belonging in Darjeeling, India
The Land in Gorkhaland On the Edges of Belonging in Darjeeling, India SARAH BESKY Department of Anthropology and Watson Institute for International and Public Affairs, Brown University, USA Abstract Darjeeling, a district in the Himalayan foothills of the Indian state of West Bengal, is a former colonial “hill station.” It is world famous both as a destination for mountain tour- ists and as the source of some of the world’s most expensive and sought-after tea. For deca- des, Darjeeling’s majority population of Indian-Nepalis, or Gorkhas, have struggled for sub- national autonomy over the district and for the establishment of a separate Indian state of “Gorkhaland” there. In this article, I draw on ethnographic fieldwork conducted amid the Gorkhaland agitation in Darjeeling’s tea plantations and bustling tourist town. In many ways, Darjeeling is what Val Plumwood calls a “shadow place.” Shadow places are sites of extraction, invisible to centers of political and economic power yet essential to the global cir- culation of capital. The existence of shadow places troubles the notion that belonging can be “singularized” to a particular location or landscape. Building on this idea, I examine the encounters of Gorkha tea plantation workers, students, and city dwellers with landslides, a crumbling colonial infrastructure, and urban wildlife. While many analyses of subnational movements in India characterize them as struggles for land, I argue that in sites of colonial and capitalist extraction like hill stations, these struggles with land are equally important. In Darjeeling, senses of place and belonging are “edge effects”:theunstable,emergentresults of encounters between materials, species, and economies. -
Historical Geography and Demography of Colonial Northern Bengal
Chapter I Historical Geography and Demography of Colonial Northern Bengal The present chapter seeks to historicize the geographical transformations and ecological vulnerabilities during the colonial periods in northern Bengal. The chapter also intends to explain the demographic transformations of northern Bengal shaped by the environmental factors and natural disasters occurred during the period of the study. Apart from the geographical and demographical changes the chapter will also focus on the political construction of the northern Bengal districts which had gone through several territorial and administrative adjustments and transfers of lands among each other even in the first half of the twentieth century. In order to analyse the geographical characteristics, the river system, change of river course and formation of new lands seemed to be the most decisive factor for the geographical construction of the region. Northern Bengal had a great variety of topographical structures which extended from the Darjeeling Himalayan ranges to the riverine inundated agricultural tracts. Niharranjan Ray, while describing the northern boundary of Bengal, has argued that the north of Bengal is bounded up by the Sikkim and the snowy Himalayan peak of Kanchenjungha below which there are Jalpaiguri and Darjeeling districts.1 The districts of Jalpaiguri, Darjeeling and the State of Cooch Behar were overwhelmingly populated by the hilly tribes viz. Lepcha, Limbu, Koch, Rajbanshi, and Bhutia; and the north-eastern boundary in the ancient time was extended up to the Brahmaputra river which demarcated the eastern and western boundary of Pundrabardhan and Kamrup State respectively.2 H. Blochmann has mentioned about the five ‘districts’ of Bengal during pre-medieval period viz. -
Paper Code: Dttm C205 Tourism in West Bengal Semester
HAND OUT FOR UGC NSQF SPONSORED ONE YEAR DILPOMA IN TRAVEL & TORUISM MANAGEMENT PAPER CODE: DTTM C205 TOURISM IN WEST BENGAL SEMESTER: SECOND PREPARED BY MD ABU BARKAT ALI UNIT-I: 1.TOURISM IN WEST BENGAL: AN OVERVIEW Evolution of Tourism Department The Department of Tourism was set up in 1959. The attention to the development of tourist facilities was given from the 3 Plan Period onwards, Early in 1950 the executive part of tourism organization came into being with the appointment of a Tourist Development Officer. He was assisted by some of the existing staff of Home (Transport) Department. In 1960-61 the Assistant Secretary of the Home (Transport) Department was made Director of Tourism ex-officio and a few posts of assistants were created. Subsequently, the Secretary of Home (Transport) Department became the ex-officio Director of Tourism. Two Regional Tourist Offices - one for the five North Bengal districts i.e., Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, Cooch Behar, West Dinajpur and Maida with headquarters at Darjeeling and the other for the remaining districts of the State with headquarters at Kolkata were also set up. The Regional Office at KolKata started functioning on 2nd September, 1961. The Regional Office in Darjeeling was started on 1st May, 1962 by taking over the existing Tourist Bureau of the Govt. of India at Darjeeling. The tourism wing of the Home (Transport) Department was transferred to the Development Department on 1st September, 1962. Development. Commissioner then became the ex-officio Director of Tourism. Subsequently, in view of the increasing activities of tourism organization it was transformed into a full-fledged Tourism Department, though the Secretary of the Forest Department functioned as the Secretary, Tourism Department. -
Trek Itinerary
SINGALILA RIDGE, INDIA On the Singalila Ridge India © Ann Foulkes, trekMountains Land-only duration: 13 days Grade: Gentle / Moderate Trekking days: 6 days Max altitude: 3636m Price: contact us We can run this on dates to suit you for a minimum group size of 1. Dates: The 2 main trekking seasons are Spring and Autumn. Contact us at [email protected] with your preferred dates UK tel: +44 (0) 7713 628763 tel (outside UK): +39 338 500 9540 email: [email protected] web: www.trekmountains.com skype ID: trekMountains Before Nepal was opened up to the rest of the world, all Everest expeditions started from Darjeeling. There is a rich mix of Indian, Nepalese, Tibetan and Bhutanese cultures. You are likely to meet the Gurkhas of East Nepal, Gurungs from Western Nepal, fair-skinned Sikkimese, Bhutanese as well as Tibetan lamas in yellow robes and Tibetan women in striped aprons and brocades. This trek follows the famous Singalila Ridge, a prominent spur of high ground that lies at the southern end of a long crest, which runs down from the Kangchenjunga massif and forms the border between West Bengal and Nepal. It is a very scenic trek and as you pass through small settlements you will enjoy breathtaking panoramic views of Kangchenjunga, Makalu, Everest and Lhotse to name but a view of the spectacular peaks in this border region. On the Singalila Ridge India © Ann Foulkes, trekMountains OUTLINE ITINERARY Walking and journey times are approximate Day 1 Arrive in Delhi, fly to Bagdogra and drive to We stop for a break and refreshments half way Darjeeling up at Kurseong, before climbing to Ghoom at Arrive Delhi and connect with the 1-hour flight 2438 metres and then descending 300 metres to Bagdogra at the foot of the Darjeeling hills. -
Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
ISSUE ONE Darjeeling Himalayan Railway - a brief description Locomotive availability News from the line Chunbhati loop 1943 Birth of the Darjeeling Railway Agony Point, sometime around the 1930's Chunbhati loop - an early view Above the clouds Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Society ISSUE TWO News from the line Darjeeling, past and present Darjeeling station Streamliner Himalayan Mysteries The Causeway Incident Tour to the DHR A Way Forward ISSUE THREE News from the line To Darjeeling - February 98 Locomotive numbers Timetable Vacuum Brakes To Darjeeling in 1966 Darjeeling or Bust Covered Wagons ISSUE FOUR Report: Visit to India in September 1998 Going Loopy (part 1) Loop No1 Loop No2 Chunbhati loop Streamliner (part 2) Jervis Bay Darjeeling's history To School in Darjeeling ISSUE FIVE News from the line Going Loopy (part 2) Batasia loop Gradient profile Riyang station Zigzag No1 In Search of the Darjeeling Tanks Gillanders Arbuthnot & Co Tank Wagon ISSUE SIX News from the line Repairing the breach Going Loopy (part 3) Loop No2 Zigzag No1 to No 6 Tour - the DHRS Measuring a railway curve David Barrie Bullhead rail ISSUE SEVEN News from the line First impressions Bogies Bogie drawing New Jalpaiguri Locomotive and carriage sheds New Jalpaiguri Depot Going Loopy (part 4) Witch of Ghoom Colliery Engines Buffing gear ISSUE EIGHT May 2000 celebrations News from the line Best Kept Station Competition Impressions of Darjeeling - Mary Stickland Tindharia (part1) Tindharia Works Garratt at Chunbhati Going Loopy – Postscript In And Around Darjeeling -
Sundakphu Trek – Darjeeling
Sundakphu Trek – Darjeeling Sandakphu trek is beautified by the local villages of Darjeeling district and Nepal. It’s a border line trek between India and Nepal, and we keep swinging between the regions and villages of Nepal and India. The best part of it is, its an easy trek and considered the best of the Himalayan routes to start a multi-day trek in the Himalayas. Sandakphu at 3636 meters is also the highest point of West Bengal - India. No other treks in India can boast of what Sandakphu Phalut trek can offer. The view from Sandakphu is unsurpassed by any view anywhere with grand views of four of the World's highest 8000 meter peaks - Mt. Everest (8850m, 1st), Kanchenjunga (8586m, 3rd), Mt. Lhotse (8516m, 4th) and Makalu (8481m, 5th). Duration: 11 days Highest Altitude: 3636 M Sandakphu Best Time: Jan to May, Oct to Dec Terrain: Rhododendron forest, alpine meadows, rocky Activity Type: Trek, camping and Photography Grade: Easy Starts At: Maneybhanjyang Ends At: Srikhola Region: India - Darjeeling West Bagnoli Generic Food Menu: Indian, Nepalese, Tibetan Route: Delhi – Bagdogra – Darjeeling – Maneybhanjang - Tumling - Kalipokhari – Sandakphu - Phalut – Gorkhey - Rimbick – Darjeeling - Bagdogra - Delhi [email protected] +911141322940 www.shikhar.com Detailed Itinerary: - Day 1: Sat. 16 Feb 2019 Rishikesh - Delhi Meet Shikhar travels representative at your hotel and drive or take a train to Delhi. Upon arrival check in the hotel. Overnight stay in Delhi. Meals: N/A Day 02: Sun. 17 Feb’19 Delhi – Bagdogra - Darjeeling Flight & Drive Morning after breakfast transfer to domestic airport to board flight to Bagdogra. -
7-Day Singalila Ridge / Sandakphu Trek Tour Code: IND-SRS 07
7 7-Day Singalila Ridge / Sandakphu Trek Tour Code: IND-SRS_07 An easy but rewarding trek which offers spectacular views of the big mountains Grading including Everest and Kanchenjunga. This trek traverses along the Singalila ridge Easy Trek which forms the international border line between India and Nepal. It offers a At a glance good distant view of Mt. Everest (8850 m) accompanied by Lhotse (8501m) and • 05 days of trekking Makalu (8475m) and a close view of Kanchenjunga (8586m). Kanchenjunga • 04 nights in along with the surrounding ranges closely resembles a person sleeping and hence trekker's hut the view from Sandakphu is popularly called 'The Sleeping Buddha'. The Singalila • 02 hotels nights in ridge is actually an extension of one of the ridges that sweep down from the high Darjeeling snows of Kanchenjunga itself and the trek along this ridge is renowned as being Places Visited one of the most scenically rewarding in the entire Himalayas. This area is also • Darjeeling Departure culturally diverse, with Tibetan, Mongolian, and Indians intermixed with 22 Feb-28 Feb, 2015 immigrant Nepalese. Buddhism is the most popular religion and during the course 15 Mar-21 Mar, 2015 of our trip there's immense chance of interaction with the warm locals at 12 Nov-18 Nov, 2015 Trekker's Hut that dot this trail. Quick Itinerary: Day 01: Bagdogra to Darjeeling (2134m) Day 02: Drive Darjeeling to Dhotrey (2460m) and trek to Tonglu (3070m) 2.5 hr drive and 3 hrs trek Day 03: Trek to Kalapokhri (3108m) 6 hrs trek Day 04: Trek to Sandakphu (3636m) 3 hrs trek Day 05: Trek to Gurdum (2400m) 3-4 hrs Day 06: Trek to Sepi (2280m) 3 hrs and drive 4 hrs to Darjeeling Day 07: Drive to Bagdogra 3 hrs X-Trekkers Adventure Consultant Pte Ltd (TA License: 01261) Co. -
2000 in the Land of Five Treasures of Snow
SIKKIM : THE LAND OF FIVE TREASURES OF THE SNOWS To breathe the air of Sikkim free, To wander by her purling rills, And seek the beauty of her hills, The blueness of her sky. C. McCauley, Lay of Lachen The Sikkim region of the Himalaya is so small that originally it was classified as part of Nepal Himalaya in the 1860s in a study conducted by Sir Sydney Burrard, the Surveyor-General of India from 1910 to 1919. This diminutive state to the north of Darjeeling, the famous hill town in West Bengal, stretches for about 110 km from north to south, and for 65 km from east to west. The Kangchenjunga (now also known as the Khangchendzonga), at 8,586 m the third highest peak in the world, is situated here. The original inhabitants of Sikkim were the Lepchas whose language and physical features tend to identify them as the ancient tribe that is believed to have migrated from southern Tibet during the 15th century. Very few Lepchas remain today, and the population largely consists of the Nepalis who arrived in Sikkim during the early 20th century in search of livelihood. Sikkim was an independent kingdom until a series of events caused the British to take full control of the region in 1861. In the early 19th century, the East India Company settled a dispute between Sikkim and Nepal in favour of the former, in the process assuming certain protective rights and gaining control over the Sikkimese army. In 1834, the East India Company helped the Chogyal of Sikkim in repulsing the Nepalese army, and as a gesture of goodwill, the Chogyal presented it with the present day Darjeeling and the Singalila ridge, a small track immediately surrounding it. -
The Study Area
THE STUDY AREA 2.1 GENERALFEATURES 2.1.1 Location and besic informations ofthe area Darjeeling is a hilly district situated at the northernmost end of the Indian state of West Bengal. It has a hammer or an inverted wedge shaped appearance. Its location in the globe may be detected between latitudes of 26° 27'05" Nand 27° 13 ' 10" Nand longitudes of87° 59' 30" and 88° 53' E (Fig. 2. 1). The southern-most point is located near Bidhan Nagar village ofPhansidewa block the nmthernmost point at trijunction near Phalut; like wise the widest west-east dimension of the di strict lies between Sabarkum 2 near Sandakphu and Todey village along river Jaldhaka. It comprises an area of3, 149 km . Table 2.1. Some basic data for the district of Darjeeling (Source: Administrative Report ofDatjeeling District, 201 1- 12, http://darjeeling.gov.in) Area 3,149 kmL Area of H ill portion 2417.3 knr' T erai (Plains) Portion 731.7 km_L Sub Divisoins 4 [Datjeeling, Kurseong, Kalimpong, Si1iguri] Blocks 12 [Datjeeling-Pulbazar, Rangli-Rangliot, Jorebunglow-Sukiapokhari, Kalimpong - I, Kalimpong - II, Gorubathan, Kurseong, Mirik, Matigara, Naxalbari, Kharibari & Phansidewa] Police Stations 16 [Sadar, Jorebunglow, Pulbazar, Sukiapokhari, Lodhama, Rangli- Rangliot, Mirik, Kurseong, Kalimpong, Gorubathan, Siliguri, Matigara, Bagdogra, Naxalbari, Phansidewa & Kharibari] N o . ofVillages & Corporation - 01 (Siliguri) Towns Municipalities - 04 (Darjeeling, Kurseong, Kalimpong, Mirik) Gram Pancbayats - 134 Total Forest Cover 1,204 kmL (38.23 %) [Source: Sta te of Forest -
Paradise Point TOURISM
TOURISM UPDATE SANDAKPHU Colour Burst: In spring, Nature greets visitors with a variety of rhododendrons, orchids and giant magnolias in full bloom. Room with a View: The vantage point at Sandakphu which promises the best view of the Everest range. Road to Heaven: A narrow trekking route winding up the mountain path seems to vanish abruptly from the edge of the mountain into the vast sky beyond. ta H E V M A BH AI BY V S O T PHO Paradise Point For the best view of four of the five highest peaks in the world and the adventure of a lifetime BY RAVI SAGAR Located to the northwest of Darjeeling town, the head to Sandakphu. trek to Sandakphu packs one memorable adven- andakphu may not ring a bell for many travellers. But for the ture. This 32 km adventure trail along the Singalila inveterate adventure seeker or the bona fide trekker, it is the Range is actually considered a beginner’s trek, the ultimate destination. Tucked away in the eastern edge of India best place for a first-time adventure tourist to begin. in the Darjeeling district of West Bengal is this tiny hamlet atop One of the most beautiful terrains for trekking, the the eponymous peak, the highest peak in the state. So what best time for the Sandakphu experience is April- Smakes Sandakphu so special? May (spring) and October-November (post mon- The climb to the highest point of this hill station situated at an altitude soon). But the stark beauty of snow-covered Sanda- of 3,636m promises you a sight that will leave you gasping. -
Singalila National Park
Singalila National Park Singalila National Park SIKKIM Neora Valley National park J~ N~— -.ri-A! Senchel Wildlife Sanchuary BHUTAN rkhey Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary amanden barkhum ollay ammam BANGLADESH €irikhola ÿRimbic The Singalila National Park, located in Darjeeling district of West andakphu Bengal covers an area of 78 km2 and has an altitudinal range of eekhay Bhanjyang 2,400-3,650 metres. The National Park shares a natural boundary ÿKalipokhri with Nepal on the west and with Sikkim on the north. The international border between India and Nepal is identified by a 52 Kaiyakatta km road running from Phalut (3,650 m) down to Manebhanjyang ÿairibas ÿDhotrey (1,920 m). The National Park is an Important Bird Area and an IUCN Tonglu Category II Protected Area. E irrfing fyleghma P _amey Dhura Singalila National Park is under the administrative control of the A Wildlife Division-I, Department of Forest, Government of West litray îiniybhanjyang Bengal. RATA Ashoka Trust for Research in FOUNDATION Ecology and the Environment History The Singalila area in Darjeeling was purchased by the British Government from Sibbim Durbar in 1882, and notified a Reserve Forest under the Indian Forest Act 1878. It was notified as a National Parb in 1992 and was also officially opened up for tourism. However even before this, Singalila has a history of receiving visitors. Some of the I prominent visitors include Sir Joseph Dalton Hoober - one of the greatest British **" y '* botanists and explorers in 1883; Heinrich Harrer author of "Seven Vears in Tibet" visited Singalila several times. Singalila range used to be a regular route for expeditions to Kanchenjunga. -
The Darjeeling·Himalayan Railway and the Untold Story of Its Extension
Karatoya: NBU J. Hist. Vol. 4 :85-92 (2011) ISSN: 2229-4880 The Darjeeling·Himalayan Railway and the Untold Story of its Extension BhawnaRai The UNESCO's inscription mentions the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (DHR) in the following words: - "The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway is the first, and still the most outstanding, example ofa hill passenger railway. Opened in 1881, it applied bold and ingenious engineering solution to the problem of establishing an effective rail link across a mountainous terrain of great beauty. It is still fully operational and retains most of its 1 original features intact." • The Tiny, name of the first engine of the DHR, connected the sweaty plains with the cool and serene Hills for the first time in 1880. 2 On March 4 of that year, the then Viceroy of India, Robert I, Earl of Lytton inaugurated the line from Siliguri to Kurseong as steam tramway. From August 1880, the_tramway was opened for the public use. It was only on July-4, 1881, the line was completed up to Darjeeling and the name was changed from Darjeeling Steam Tramway Company to Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Company on 15th of September. It is amazing to know that this small size locomotive, running on a narrow gauge of 2 feet wide covering a total distance of 52 km, had its branches as well. The fact of its two branches i.e. the Kishengunj Branch and the Teesta Valley Extension is common to all. However, few are familiar about its unfulfilled plans of extensions. This· article is indeed to highlight such untold facts of DHR extension.