,M In the Supreme Court of the United States ====== ,CU7MPI1R?RC0GDJC.GQRMJ QQMAG?RGML et al. Petitioners T )CTGL. PSCL GL&GQ-DDGAG?J!?N?AGRW?Q 1SNCPGLRCLBCLRMD,CU7MPI1R?RC.MJGAC et al. Respondents ====== -L5PGRMD!CPRGMP?PGRMRFC3LGRCB1R?RCQ !MSPRMD NNC?JQDMPRFC1CAMLB!GPASGR ====== 0'#$-$ +'!'!30' # * 5#,$-0!#+#,2%0-3.1 ,"12 2# ," *-! *$'0# 0+10'%&21%0-3.1 ',13..-02-$.#2'2'-,#01 +'!'*'12#"-,',1'"#!-4#0 ======
" ,+ .#2#01-, " ,+ .#2#01-,.**! !& ', 0'"%#0- " 12# $ '0$ 6 4'0%',' B?L B?LNCRCPQMLJ?U AMK (SJW
2FCDMJJMUGLEQCTCLRCCLJ?UCLDMPACKCLREPMSNQ?LB QR?RC ?LB JMA?J DGPC?PKQ PGEFRQ EPMSNQ ?PC ?KGAG ASPG?CGLRFGQA?QC ,?RGML?J1FCPGDDQƃ QQMAG?RGML ,CU7MPI1R?RC1FCPGDDQƃ QQMAG?RGML ,?RGML?J QQMAG?RGMLMD!FGCDQMD.MJGAC 5CQRCPL1R?RCQ1FCPGDDQƃ QQMAG?RGML !?JGDMPLG?1R?RC1FCPGDDQƃ QQMAG?RGML 'LRCPL?RGML?J*?U#LDMPACKCLR#BSA?RMPQ?LB 2P?GLCPQ QQMAG?RGML *?U#LDMPACKCLR*CE?J"CDCLQC$SLB 'LRCPL?RGML?J QQMAG?RGMLMD*?U#LDMPACKCLR $GPC?PKQ'LQRPSARMPQ 'LA PGBECTGJJC0GDJC?LB.GQRMJ!JS@ *RB "CJ?U?PC1R?RC1NMPRQKCLƃQ QQMAG?RGML %SL-ULCPQƃ ARGML*C?ESC+?QQ?AFSQCRRQ %SL-ULCPQMD!?JGDMPLG? &?U?GG0GDJC QQMAG?RGML +?PWJ?LB1R?RC0GDJC.GQRMJ QQMAG?RGML 4CPKMLR$CBCP?RGMLMD1NMPRQKCLƃQ!JS@Q 4CPKMLR1R?RC0GDJC.GQRMJ QQMAG?RGML 4GPEGLG?1FMMRGLE1NMPRQ QQMAG?RGML G 2 *#-$!-,2#,21 .?EC 2 *#-$ 32&-0'2'#1 GGG ',2#0#12-$AMICI CURIAE 13++ 07-$ 0%3+#,2 0%3+#,2 ' 0#!-%,'8',%2#!-," +#,"+#,20'%&2-$-0"', 07 * 5 '"',%!'2'8#,12-! 007 & ,"%3,1$-0* 5$3*.30.-1#1 !0# 2#1*'22*#-0,-1 $#270'1) ,CU7MPIƃQCVRPCKCJWPCQRPGARGTC JGACLQGLEQWQRCKNPCTCLRQKMQR,CU 7MPICPQDPMKCVCPAGQGLERFCGP1CAMLB KCLBKCLRPGEFRQ 2FGPRWWC?PQƃCVNCPGCLACUGRF GLAPC?QCBESLMULCPQFGN?LB JG@CP?JGXCBA?PPWJ?UQF?QLMRJCB RMGLAPC?QCBAPGKC ! !MLAC?JCBA?PPWNCPKGRFMJBCPQ GLƅQF?JJ GQQSCƆ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istrict of Columbia v. Heller 3 1 Kuck v. Danaher $ 1SNN B " !MLL Moore v. Madigan $ B RF!GP NYSRPA v. City of New York 1 !R People v. Aguilar , # B'JJ State v. Rosenthal 4R !-,12'232'-,1 ,"12 232#1 3 1 !-,12 +#," '' passim
3 1 ! dE 3 1 !d 3 1 ! d! !MLL %CL 1R?R dƀ@ $J? 1R?R d GT , 7 .CL?J*?Ud @ , 7 .CL?J*?Ud L , 7 .CL?J*?Ud D -2� 32&-0'2'#1 @SQ?GB 1F?BBG After historically deadly 2020, Atlanta homicides are up nearly 60% in 2021 2* ,2 (-30, * !-,12'232'-,(SLC 2$# !-++#0!#',3 1 ,,3 *12 2'12'! *3." 2# 2$# ,,3 *$'0# 0+1+ ,3$ !230',% ,"#6.-020#.-027# 0$', * ?PRMXXG (MC Taking Stock of Record-Setting 2020 Firearm Year ,11$(?L P?L?Q !F?PJCQ! et al. Investigating the Link Between Gun Possession and Gun Assault K ( .S@ &C?JRF !?JD?Q (CLLGDCP%?H?L?L +?FGR? What to Know About the South Texas Church Shooting 2'+#,MT T !?QQCJJ .?SJ% Explaining the Recent Homicide Spikes in U.S. Cities: The "Minneapolis Effect" and the Decline in Proactive Policing $CB 1CLRƃE0CN ! 1.&'**7 !-+ Gunman Shot Dead Inside West Philadelphia Barbershop +?P !,, Security Guard Who Stopped Shooter Credits God "CA !MJJGLQ "?TGB BPD analysis uncovers revealing information about murder victims, suspects 5 * 24(?L !--) .&'*'.*3"5'% (#,1 %3,1', +#0'! 0#13*21-$ !-+.0#&#,1'4# , 2'-, *1304#7-$$'0# 0+1 -5,#01&'. ,"31# !PGD?QG !?QQ?LBP?) et al. Association Between Firearm Laws and Homicide in Urban Counties ( 3P@?L&C?JRF "MLMFSC (MFLet al. Right-to-Carry Laws and Violent Crime: A Comprehensive Assessment Using Panel Data and a State-Level Synthetic Control Analysis, ( #KNGPGA?J*CE?J1RSB #LEJGQF 5GJJG?K 2021 National Firearms Survey (SJ TG #LEJGQF 5GJJG?K The Right to Carry Has Not Increased Crime: Improving an Old Debate Through Better Data on Permit Growth Over Time(SJ
$ '3!02?@JC 'LBCVMD !PGKC3LGRCB1R?RCQ $ '3!02?@JC !PGKCGLRFC 3LGRCB1R?RCQ@W4MJSKC?LB0?RCNCP 'LF?@GR?LRQ $ '3!02?@JC #VN?LBCB &MKGAGBC"?R?+SPBCP4GARGKQ @W5C?NML $ '3!02?@JC !PGKCGLRFC 3LGRCB1R?RCQ@W4MJSKC?LB0?RCNCP 'LF?@GR?LRQ $C?PLMU CLH?KGL Texas Allows Guns in Churches, Schools After Firearm Access Laws Expanded, Effective September 1 ,#515##) 1CN $*-0'" "#. 02+#,2-$ %0'!3*230# ," !-,13+#01#04'!#1 ..*'! 2'-,1 ," "'1.-1'2'-,1 7!-3,27(3*7 ƀ(3,# $*-0'" "#. 02+#,2-$ %0'!3*230# ," !-,13+#01#04'!#1 !-,!# *#"5# .-, -0$'0# 0+*'!#,1#13++ 070#.-02 -!2- #0 (3,# TGG $*-0'" "#. 02+#,2-$ %0'!3*230# ," !-,13+#01#04'!#1 ,3+ #0-$4 *'"$*-0'" !-,!# *#"5# .-,*'!#,1#1 10#.-02#" 2 2&##,"-$# !&$'1! *7# 0(3,# 1',!#.0-%0 +',!#.2'-,',-!2- #0
%GLU?JJ? 0?QFL? et al. Repeal of the Concealed Weapons Law and Its Impact on Gun-Related Injuries and Deaths, ( 2P?SK? ASRC !?PC1SPE
&?KGJJ +?PI# et al. State Level Firearm Concealed-Carry Legislation and Rates of Homicide and Other Violent Crime ( KCP !MJJCECMD1SPECMLQ &CKCLU?W "?TGB1MJLGAI 1?P?( The Epidemiology of Self-Defense Gun Use: Evidence from the National Crime Victimization Surveys 2007-2011, .PCTCLRGTC+CB (MFLQML (?QML Why violent crime surged after police across America retreated 31 2-" 7 NP )JCAI %?PW%CPRX +?PA Armed Resistance to Crime: The Prevalence and Nature of Self-Defense with a Gun J. of Crim. Law and Criminology$?JJ TGGG )JCAI %?PW How Hemenway and Solnick Distorted the Effectiveness of Defensive Gun Use )*#!) % 07 .-',2 * ,) 0MSRJCBECCB )MNCJ "?TGB Arming the right people can save lives * 2'+#1(?L )MNCJ "?TGB .PCRCLB “Gun-Free” School Zones !-,, * 0#4 )MNCJ "?TGB Guns on University Campuses: The Colorado Experience, 2 1&',%2-,.-12 NP *?4?JJC (?KCQ+ “Gun Control” vs. “Self-Protection”: A Case against the Ideological Divide, (SQRGAC .MJGAW(MSPL?J *MRR (MFL0 (P 5?LE 0SHSL !PGKC .PCTCLRGML0CQC?PAF!CLRCP Concealed Carry Permit Holders Across the United States: 2020 +?A"ML?JB &C?RFCP A Year After George Floyd’s Murder, It’s “Open Season” in Minneapolis 5 ** 120##2(-30, *+?W GV +A#JPMW +?PHMPGC 5?LE .CGAFSL Seemingly Inextricable Dynamic Differences: The Case of Concealed Gun Permit, Violent Crime and State Panel Data(SLC
+A%GLRW (M!P?TCL New York Killers, and Those Killed, by Numbers ,#57-0)2'+#1 NP +'*5 3)##&-+'!'"#0#4'#5!-++'11'-, ,,3 *0#.-02 &-+'!'"# ,",-, $ 2 *1&--2',%1 +MMBW !?PJGQJC# +?PTCJJ 2FMK?Q The Right-to-Carry Laws: A Critique of the 2014 Version of Aneja, Donohue, and Zhang #AML ( 5?RAF , 2'-, * 11-!' 2'-,-$!&'#$1-$.-*'!# 12 ,,3 *1304#7
, 2'-, *0#1# 0!&!-3,!'* .0'-0'2'#1 $-00#1# 0!&2-0#"3!#2&0# 2 -$$'0# 0+ 0#* 2#"4'-*#,!#
NSSF Releases Most Recent Firearm Production Figures,MT .?EMLCQ 1RCNF?LGC Murder in LA County jumps over 95% so far this year, concealed carry permits on the rise: sheriff $-6,#51(SL V .?EMLCQ 1RCNF?LGC Over 440 LA County deputies have left this year, as sheriff calls violence, homelessness “existential threats,” $-6,#51(SL .-*'!#"#. 02+#,2!'27-$,#57-0) +30"#0',,#57-0)!'27 .-*'!#-,# %3,.-*'!7* 5 #,$-0!#+#,21304#7 0CARMP )CTGL Statistical snapshots from Baltimore's deadliest year: suspects, victims, and cops *2'+-0#13,(?L 0#32#01 Texas church shooter wore wig and fake beard, says security head who shot him "CA
1?EG %SW( 20 States Now Have Constitutional Carry ,0 1&--2',% '**3120 2#" NP 1FG 5CG*CC *SLE DCG The Effects of Gun Control on Crimes: A Spatial Interactive Fixed Effects Approach #KNGPGA?J#AMLMKGAQ 1GCECJ +GAF?CJ et al. Easiness of Legal Access to Concealed Firearm Permits and Homicide Rates in the United States K ( .S@ &C?JRF VG 1+ 02 0-1 ,, ET AL. 2!'#,!#-$ %3,.-*'!7 !0'2'! *17,2'1-$ 0#1# 0!'"#,!#-,2&##$$#!21-$ %3,.-*'!'#1',2,'2#"12 2#1 0 ,"!MPNMP?RGMLBCB 1KGRF +GAF?CJ0 .CRPMACJJG +?RRFCU The Effect of Concealed Handgun Carry Deregulation in Arizona on Crime in Tucson, !PGK (SQRGAC.MJ 0CT 1RCCJC JJGQML et al., More might have died if doctor had not shot gunman .&'* ',/3'0#0(SJ 1SJJSK (?AM@ A Survey Not Designed to Measure Defensive Gun Use Finds Little of It 0# 1-,1CNR 2#6 1"#. 02+#,2-$.3 *'!1 $#27 !2'4# *'!#,1# !#02'$'#"',1203!2-0!-3,21 1 -$"#!#+ #0
2#6 1"#. 02+#,2-$.3 *'!1 $#27 !-,4'!2'-,0 2#1$-0& ,"%3,*'!#,1# &-*"#010#.-02',%.#0'-"
3 1 !#,131 30# 3 /3'!)$ !212#6 1
5C@QRCP "?LGCJ5 et al Firearms on College Campuses: Research Evidence and Policy Implications-AR VGG 8GCXSJCUGAX %CMDD Uber driver, licensed to carry gun, shoots gunman in Logan Square !&' 20' 3,# NP
',2#0#12-$ +'!'!30' # ,?RGML?J1FCPGDDQƃ QQMAG?RGML 2FC,?RGML?J1FCPGDDQȲ QQMAG?RGMLGQ?LML NPMDGR MPE?LGX?RGMLDMPKCBGL 'RUMPIQRMNPMKMRCRFC D?GP ?LB CDDGAGCLR ?BKGLGQRP?RGML MD APGKGL?J HSQRGAC RFPMSEFMSR RFC 3LGRCB 1R?RCQ ?LB RM NPMKMRC NPMRCAR ?LB NPCQCPTC RFC K?LW MDDGACQ MP BCN?PRKCLRQMDMSPAMSLRPWȲQQFCPGDDQ 2FC,1 F?Q MTCP KCK@CPQ?LBGQ?QRPMLE?BTMA?RCDMPMTCP GLBGTGBS?J QFCPGDDQ JMA?RCB RFPMSEFMSR RFC L?RGML ,CU7MPI1R?RC1FCPGDDQƃ QQMAG?RGML 2FC,CU7MPI1R?RC1FCPGDDQƃ QQMAG?RGMLGQ?LMR DMP NPMDGR AMPNMP?RGML DMPKCB DMP RFC NSPNMQC MD ?QQGQRGLE QFCPGDDQ GL RFC CDDGAGCLR ?LB CDDCARGTC BCJGTCPWMDQCPTGACQRMRFCNS@JGA 'RAMKNPGQCQ?JJ CJCARCB ?LB ?NNMGLRCB QFCPGDDQ MD RFC 1R?RC MD ,CU 7MPI 1GLAC RFC1FCPGDDQƃ QQMAG?RGMLF?QFCJNCB ,CU7MPIƃQQFCPGDDQRMQCPTC?LBNPMRCARRFCAGRGXCLPW RFPMSEF KCK@CP QSNNMPRCB RP?GLGLE NPMEP?KQ ?AAPCBGR?RGML JCEGQJ?RGTC?BTMA?AW ?LBNS@JGAQ?DCRW NPMEP?KQ ,?RGML?J QQMAG?RGMLMD!FGCDQMD.MJGAC 2FCKGQQGMLMDRFC,?RGML?J QQMAG?RGMLMD!FGCDQ MD.MJGAC ?LML NPMDGRMPE?LGX?RGMLDMSLBCBGL GQRMNPMKMRC?LBQSNNMPRRFCJ?UCLDMPACKCLR
,MN?PRWƃQAMSLQCJ?SRFMPCBRFGQ@PGCDGLUFMJCMPGLN?PR ,M N?PRWMPN?PRWƃQAMSLQCJ ?LBLMNCPQMLMRFCPRF?Lamici RFCGP KCK@CPQ MPRFCGPAMSLQCJAMLRPG@SRCBKMLCWRF?RU?QGLRCLBCB RMDSLBNPCN?P?RGMLMPQS@KGQQGMLMDRFGQ@PGCD JJN?PRGCQF?TC AMLQCLRCBRMRFCDGJGLEMDRFGQ@PGCD
NPMDCQQGML +CK@CPQFGNGQJGKGRCBRMAMKK?LBQR?DD MDDGACPQ ?LBGRASPPCLRJWF?QMTCP KCK@CPQ 5CQRCPL1R?RCQ1FCPGDDQƃ QQMAG?RGML 2FC 5CQRCPL 1R?RCQ 1FCPGDDQƃ QQMAG?RGML U?Q CQR?@JGQFCBGL ?LBAMLQGQRQMDKMPCRF?LRFPCC FSLBPCBKCK@CPQDPMKQGVRCCLKCK@CPQR?RCQ +MQR MD RFCQC QR?RCQ F?TC ƅQF?JJ GQQSCƆ AMLAC?JCB A?PPW NCPKGR QWQRCKQ ?LB NCPKGRJCQQ A?PPW UFGAF 511 KCK@CPQF?TCM@QCPTCBGL?ARGML !?JGDMPLG?1R?RC1FCPGDDQƃ QQMAG?RGML 2FC !?JGDMPLG? 1R?RC 1FCPGDDQƃ QQMAG?RGML GQ ? LMLNPMDGR NPMDCQQGML?J MPE?LGX?RGML RF?R PCNPCQCLRQ C?AF MD RFC DGDRW CGEFR !?JGDMPLG? QFCPGDDQ 'R U?Q DMPKCB RM ?JJMU RFC QF?PGLE MD GLDMPK?RGML ?LB PCQMSPACQ GL MPBCP RM GKNPMTC J?U CLDMPACKCLR RFPMSEFMSRRFCQR?RC 'LRCPL?RGML?J*?U#LDMPACKCLR#BSA?RMPQ?LB 2P?GLCPQ QQMAG?RGML 2FC 'LRCPL?RGML?J *?U #LDMPACKCLR #BSA?RMPQ ?LB 2P?GLCPQ QQMAG?RGML GQ ?L ?QQMAG?RGML MD NPMDCQQGML?JJ?UCLDMPACKCLRGLQRPSARMPQAMKKGRRCB RM RFC PCBSARGML MD J?U CLDMPACKCLR PGQI ?LB RM Q?TGLEJGTCQMDNMJGACMDDGACPQ?LBAGRGXCLQRFPMSEFRFC NPMTGQGML MD RP?GLGLE CLF?LACKCLRQ DMP APGKGL?J HSQRGACNP?ARGRGMLCPQ *?U#LDMPACKCLR*CE?J"CDCLQC$SLB *?U #LDMPACKCLR *CE?J "CDCLQC $SLB GQ LML NPMDGR MPE?LGX?RGML RF?R NPMTGBCQ JCE?J ?QQGQR?LACRM J?U CLDMPACKCLR MDDGACPQ *#*"$ F?Q ?GBCB LC?PJW MLC FSLBPCB MDDGACPQ K?LW MD UFMK F?TC @CCL ?AOSGRRCB KMQRJWGLA?QCQUFCPCMDDGACPQF?TCD?ACB
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ƃQ QQMAG?RGML %SL -ULCPQƃ ARGML *C?ESC +?QQ?AFSQCRRQ %SL -ULCPQ MD !?JGDMPLG? &?U?GG 0GDJC QQMAG?RGML +?PWJ?LB 1R?RC 0GDJC .GQRMJ QQMAG?RGML 4CPKMLR $CBCP?RGML MD 1NMPRQKCLƃQ !JS@Q 4CPKMLR1R?RC0GDJC.GQRMJ QQMAG?RGML ?LB 4GPEGLG? 1FMMRGLE 1NMPRQ QQMAG?RGML 2FCQC MPE?LGX?RGMLQ F?TC LSKCPMSQ KCK@CPQ UFM ?PC ASPPCLRMPDMPKCPJ?UCLDMPACKCLRMDDGACPQ 2FSQ amici?PC?JJMPE?LGX?RGMLQUGRFKCK@CPQ UFM?PCJ?UCLDMPACKCLRMDDGACPQMPRF?RQSNNMPRJ?U CLDMPACKCLRMDDGACPQ?LB?ECLAGCQ Amici@CJGCTCRF?R RFC NCPQNCARGTC MD DPMLR JGLC J?U CLDMPACKCLR NCPQMLLCJ QFMSJB @C MD ?QQGQR?LAC GL BCRCPKGLGLE
UFCRFCP,CU7MPIƃQQR?RSRC@?PPGLEKMQRJ?U ?@GBGLE AGRGXCLQDPMKA?PPWGLEMSRQGBCRFCFMKCGQLCACQQ?PW DMPNS@JGAQ?DCRW 13++ 07-$ 0%3+#,2 District of Columbia v. Heller NPMNCPJW M@QCPTCB RF?RRFCFMKCGQUFCPCRFCLCCBDMPBCDCLQCMDQCJD D?KGJW ?LB NPMNCPRW GQ ƅKMQR ?ASRC Ɔ @SR KMQR BCDCLQGTCSQCQMDDGPC?PKQƁSNRMȳƁ?ARS?JJWR?IC NJ?ACMSRQGBCRFCFMKC 2FCAMLHCARSPC?BT?LACB@W ,CU7MPIRF?R?JJMUGLEJ?U ?@GBGLEAGRGXCLQRMA?PPW DGPC?PKQ MSRQGBC RFC FMKC UGJJ APC?RC ? B?LECP RM NS@JGAQ?DCRWGQAMLAJSQGTCJWPCDSRCB@WRFCCVNCPGCLAC MD RFC DMPRW RUM QR?RCQ NJSQ " ! RF?R DPCCJW ?JJMU QSAFA?PPW SLBCP?ƅQF?JJ GQQSCƆQWQRCK ƅNCPKGRJCQQƆ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
U?Q?@MSRMLCQCTCLRCCLRFMDRFCAMLTGARGMLP?RC DMP RFC ECLCP?J NMNSJ?RGML 'L $JMPGB? RFC ?LLS?J JGACLQC PCTMA?RGML P?RC BSC RM AMLTGARGMLQ DMP BGQOS?JGDWGLEAPGKCQMPMRFCPPC?QMLQU?QMLJW ȳ DMP RFC N?QR WC?P .MJGAC QR?RGQRGAQ DPMK J?PEC AGRGCQ QFMU RF?R RFC T?QR K?HMPGRW MD FMKGAGBCQ ?PC AMKKGRRCB@WGLBGTGBS?JQUFM?JPC?BWF?TCAPGKGL?J PCAMPBQ ?LB ?PC RFSQ ECLCP?JJW GLCJGEG@JC CTCL RM NMQQCQQDGPC?PKQ ?LBRF?R?FGEFNCPACLR?ECMDRFCGP TGARGKQ?JQMF?BAPGKGL?JPCAMPBQ 1MAG?J QAGCLAC QRSBGCQ BM LMR CQR?@JGQF RF?R ?JJMUGLEGLAPC?QCBA?PPW@WMPBGL?PWAGRGXCLQNMQCQ? RFPC?RMDGLAPC?QCBTGMJCLRAPGKC RKMQR RFCQRSBGCQ ?PCGLAMLAJSQGTC ?LBQCTCP?JQRSBGCQPCJGCBML@W,CU 7MPI?LBGRQamici@CJMUUCPCDMSLBRMQSDDCPDPMK QCPGMSQKCRFMBMJMEGA?JUC?ILCQQCQGL?KCR?QRSBW@W RFC0 ,"!MPNMP?RGMLGL 0CAMELGXGLE?PGEFRRMA?PPWMSRQGBCRFCFMKC?JQM BMCQ LMR GLAPC?QC RFC LSK@CP MD TGARGKQ GL K?QQ QFMMRGLEQ ,SKCPMSQGLQR?LACQGLUFGAFK?LWJGTCQ UCPC Q?TCB @W ?L ?PKCB AGRGXCL NPCTCLRGLE MP QRMNNGLE?K?QQQFMMRGLE?PCUCJJ BMASKCLRCB -PBGL?PW AGRGXCLQ DPCOSCLRJW SQC DGPC?PKQ RM NPMRCAR RFCKQCJTCQ DPMK APGKGL?J ?RR?AI !?PCDSJJW BCQGELCB QSPTCWQ QFMU RF?R QSAF BCDCLQGTC SQCQ UFGAFMTCPUFCJKGLEJWBMLMRPCQSJRGL?QFMR@CGLE DGPCBMAASP RM KGJJGMLRGKCQNCPWC?P !J?GKQ RF?RBCDCLQGTCESLSQCQNMQC?B?LECPRMRFCNCPQML BCDCLBGLE?E?GLQR?RR?AI?PCSLDMSLBCB $MPQSAFPC?QMLQ J?UCLDMPACKCLRNCPQMLLCJ?R?JJ JCTCJQ MTCPUFCJKGLEJW QSNNMPR RFC PGEFR MD J?U ?@GBGLEAGRGXCLQRMA?PPWDGPC?PKQ
2FCMSR@PC?IMDKSPBCPQ?LBQFMMRGLEQ@CEGLLGLE GL +?W CKNF?QGXCQ RFC LCCB DMP AGRGXCLQ RM BCDCLBRFCKQCJTCQ 1GLACRFCBC?RFMD%CMPEC$JMWB NMJGRGAG?LQ F?TC BCDSLBCB ?LB BCKMP?JGXCB NMJGAC A?SQGLE FSEC QNGICQ GL APGKC GL K?LW K?HMP AGRGCQ CA?SQCJ?UCLDMPACKCLRGQLMJMLECP?@JCRMNPMTGBC NPCTGMSQ JCTCJQ MD NPMRCARGML AGRGXCLQ F?TC PC?JGXCB RF?R RFCW KSQR @C RFCGP MUL DGPQR PCQNMLBCPQ !MLQGQRCLR UGRF RFGQ !MSPRƃQ NPCACBCLRQ ?LB RFC J?LES?ECMDRFC1CAMLB KCLBKCLR RFC!MSPRQFMSJB AMLDGPK RFC PGEFR RM ?PKCB QCJD BCDCLQC UFCPC GR GQ KMQRDPCOSCLRJWLCCBCBMSRQGBCRFCFMKC 0%3+#,2 District of Columbia v. Heller2FCJBRF?RRFC 1CAMLB KCLBKCLR AMBGDGCQ ? NPC CVGQRGLE ƅGLBGTGBS?JPGEFRRMNMQQCQQ?LBA?PPWUC?NMLQGLA?QC MDAMLDPMLR?RGML Ɔ2FCFMKCK?W@CRFCNJ?ACUFCPC ƅRFCLCCBDMPBCDCLQCMDQCJD D?KGJW ?LBNPMNCPRWGQ KMQR?ASRC Ɔ bSRKMQRAMLDPMLR?RGMLQ?ARS?JJWMAASP MSRQGBC RFC FMKC AJ?QQGA UCJJ BCQGELCB QRSBW MD BCDCLQGTCESLSQCQ@WAGRGXCLQQFMUCBRF?R ȳMD BCDCLQGTCESLSQCQMAASPMSRQGBCRFCFMKC PCACLR TCPW J?PEC QA?JC QSPTCW AMLBSARCB @W .PMDCQQMP 5GJJG?K#LEJGQFMD%CMPECRMULDMSLBRF?R ȳMD BCDCLQGTCESLSQCQR?ICNJ?ACMSRQGBCRFCFMKC 3 1 Id. ?R Id.?R %?PW )JCAI +?PA %CPRX Armed Resistance to Crime: The Prevalence and ,?RSPC of Self-Defense with a Gun J. of Crim. Law and Criminology $?JJ 5GJJG?K #LEJGQF 2021 National Firearms Survey(SJ
2FGQ @PGCD NPCQCLRQ GLDMPK?RGML BCKMLQRP?RGLE RF?R?JJMUGLEJ?U ?@GBGLE KCPGA?LQRMA?PPW F?LBESLQMSRQGBCRFCFMKCUGJJLMRAMLTCPRRFCKGLRM TGMJCLRAPGKGL?JQ ?QMNNMLCLRQMDAGTGJG?LA?PPWMDRCL ?QQCPR 2FCQSNNMQGRGMLRF?R?JJMUGLEA?PPWUGJJPCQSJRGL CQA?J?RCBTGMJCLACGQAMLAJSQGTCJWPCDSRCB@WBCA?BCQ MD JGTCB CVNCPGCLAC GL RFC DMPRW RUM QR?RCQ NJSQ RFC "GQRPGAR MD !MJSK@G? UFGAF PCAMELGXC RFC PGEFR MD J?U ?@GBGLE AGRGXCLQ RM A?PPW DGPC?PKQ DMP BCDCLQGTC NSPNMQCQ $MPRW MLC MD RFCQC DMPRW RUM QR?RCQ F?TC ƅQF?JJ GQQSCƆ A?PPW J?UQ UFGAF UCPC J?PECJW N?QQCB @CEGLLGLE GL RFC Q -LJW 4CPKMLR UFGAF QGLAC F?QHSBGAG?JJW?DDGPKCBRFCAMLQRGRSRGML?JPGEFR RMA?PPWUGRFMSR?NCPKGR BMCQLMR -DRFCQCDMPRW RUMQR?RCQ RUCLRWQR?RCQ@CQGBCQ 4CPKMLR F?TC ?JQM PCAMELGXCB ƅNCPKGRJCQQ A?PPWƆ QMKCRGKCQ A?JJCB ƅAMLQRGRSRGML?J A?PPWƆ @CEGLLGLE UGRF J?QI?GL 'LRFCQCQR?RCQ LMDMPKMDQR?RC NCPKGQQGMLGQPCOSGPCBDMPA?PPW@WAGRGXCLQUFM?PC LMR BGQOS?JGDGCB @W J?U -LJW CGEFR MSRJGCP QR?RCQ PCR?GL ? BGQAPCRGML?PW QWQRCK GL UFGAF NCPKGQQGML FRRNQ QQPL AMK ?@QRP?AR State v. Rosenthal 4R Q MD RFC RUCLRW MLC QR?RCQ UGRF NCPKGRJCQQ AMLAC?JCB A?PPW QWQRCKQ ?PC J?QI? PGXML? PI?LQ?Q 'B?FM 'MU? )?LQ?Q )CLRSAIW +?GLC +GQQGQQGNNG +GQQMSPG +MLR?L? ,CU &?KNQFGPC ,MPRF "?IMR? -IJ?FMK? 1MSRF "?IMR? 2CLLCQQCC 2CV?Q 3R?F 4CPKMLR 5CQR4GPEGLG? ?LB5WMKGLE %SW ( 1?EG 20 States Now Have Constitutional Carry ,0 1&--2',% '**3120 2#" NP 2CV?Q N?QQCB GRQ NCPKGRJCQQA?PPWJ?U?DRCPRFCAGRCB?PRGAJCU?QUPGRRCL @PGLEGLE RFCRMR?JRMRUCLRW MLC
DPMK RFC QR?RC GQ PCOSGPCBƁ?LB UFGAF GQ UGRFFCJB DPMKKMQRAGRGXCLQƁRMA?PPWMSRQGBCRFCFMKC ' 0#!-%,'8',% 2&# 1#!-," +#,"+#,2 0'%&2 -$ -0"', 07 * 5 '"',% !'2'8#,1 2- ! 007 & ,"%3,1 $-0 * 5$3* .30.-1#1 !0# 2#1 *'22*# -0 ,-1 $#270'1) ,CU 7MPIƃQ CVRPCKCJW PCQRPGARGTC JGACLQGLE QWQRCK NPCTCLRQ KMQR ,CU 7MPICPQ DPMK CVCPAGQGLERFCGP1CAMLB KCLBKCLRPGEFRQ 'L ?BBGRGML RM KSJRGNJC PCQRPGARGTC APGRCPG? DMP F?LBESL NCPKGRQ ECLCP?JJW ,CU 7MPI JGKGRQ A?PPW NCPKGRQRMRFMQCUFMA?LQFMUƅNPMNCPA?SQCƆGLRFC CWCQ MD EMTCPLKCLR?J JGACLQGLE ?SRFMPGRGCQ 2FGQ BGQAPCRGML?PWQWQRCK?JJMUQ?EMTCPLKCLRMDDGAG?JRM BCAGBCUFCRFCP?LGLBGTGBS?JK?WBCDCLBFGQMPFCP JGDC UGRF ? F?LBESL MSRQGBC RFC FMKC UGRFMSR BCJG@CP?RCJW@PC?IGLERFCJ?U 3LJGICK?LWQR?RCQ ,CU7MPIPCDSQCQRMNS@JGQF B?R?AMLACPLGLEAMLAC?JCBA?PPWNCPKGRQ?RRFCQR?RC JCTCJ 2FC !PGKC .PCTCLRGML 0CQC?PAF !CLRCP CQRGK?RCQ RF?R ?Q MD (SLC MLJW GLBGTGBS?JQGL,CU7MPIF?BA?PPWJGACLQCQ 2F?RGQ
!?PPW JGACLQCQ K?W @C GQQSCB RM ƅF?TC ?LB A?PPW AMLAC?JCB UGRFMSRPCE?PBRMCKNJMWKCLRMPNJ?ACMDNMQQCQQGMLƆRM?NCPQML ƅUFCLNPMNCPA?SQCCVGQRQDMPRFCGQQS?LACRFCPCMD Ɔ, 7 .CL?J *?Ud Dsee also, 7 .CL?J*?Ud @ L (MFL0 *MRR (P 0SHSL5?LE !PGKC.PCTCLRGML0CQC?PAF !CLRCP Concealed Carry Permit Holders Across the United States: 2020 ?R FCPCGL?DRCP ƅConcealed Carry Permit Holders 2020Ɔ
?KCPC ȳMDRFC?BSJRNMNSJ?RGMLMDRFCQR?RC 2FCPCOSGPCKCLRQDMPJGACLQCQGLRFC!GRWMD,CU7MPI ?PC CTCL KMPC PCQRPGARGTC RF?L GL RFC PCQR MD RFC QR?RC CQGBCQ ,CU 7MPI RFC MRFCP QCTCL QR?RCQ UGRF BGQAPCRGML?PW ƅK?W GQQSCƆ QWQRCKQ ?PC !?JGDMPLG? "CJ?U?PC &?U?GG +?PWJ?LB +?QQ?AFSQCRRQ ,CU (CPQCW ?LB0FMBC'QJ?LB 1MKCMDRFCQCCGEFRQR?RCQ ?PCCDDCARGTCJWƅLM GQQSCƆQR?RCQ $MP?QR?RC@WQR?RC ?L?JWQGQ MD RFCQC CGEFR QR?RCQ see PGCD MD Amici Curiae*?U#LDMPACKCLR%PMSNQ?LB1R?RC?LB*MA?J $GPC?PKQ 0GEFRQ %PMSNQ GL QSNNMPR MD EP?LRGLE ACPRGMP?PGGLRFGQA?QCƅ*#%PMSNQ!CPR P Ɔ AAMPBGLE RM RFC !PGKC .PCTCLRGML 0CQC?PAF !CLRCP RFCPC ?PC KGJJGML A?PPW NCPKGRQ MSRQR?LBGLE KMQR MD RFCK GQQSCB RM PCQGBCLRQ MD ƅQF?JJ GQQSCƆ QR?RCQ -TCP?JJ ȳMD KCPGA?L ?BSJRQ F?TC AMLAC?JCB A?PPW NCPKGRQ ?LB GL QMKC Id.?R See NYSRPA v. City of New York 1 !R NPCKGQCQJGACLQCQ 2FCPCGQQMKCPMMKDMPBGQ?EPCCKCLRPCE?PBGLEUFGAFQR?RCQ ?PCK?W GQQSCMPQF?JJ GQQSC !MLLCARGASRƃQQR?RSRC !MLL %CL 1R?R dƀ@ GQK?W GQQSCGLGRQJ?LES?EC @SRQF?JJ GQQSCGL NP?ARGAC See Kuck v. Danaher $ 1SNN B " !MLL +?QQ?AFSQCRRQGQƅK?W GQQSCƆ@SREP?LRQA?PPWNCPKGRQ?R ?PCQNCAR?@JCP?RC *#%PMSNQ!CPR P 0FMBC'QJ?LBƃQ J?UQ?JJMUJMA?J?SRFMPGRGCQRMGQQSCNCPKGRQSLBCPUF?RGQ MQRCLQG@JW?ƅQF?JJ GQQSCƆQWQRCK ?LBRFC RRMPLCW%CLCP?JRM GQQSCNCPKGRQSLBCP?ƅK?W GQQSCƆQR?LB?PB WCRNCPKGRQ?R@MRF JCTCJQ?PCGQQSCB?R?LCEJGEG@JCP?RC Id. ?R 1MKCAMLQGBCP "CJ?U?PC RM @C ƅQF?JJ GQQSC Ɔ @SR GRQ QR?RSRC GQ NSPCJW BGQAPCRGML?PW Id.?R Concealed Carry Permit Holders 2020?R
QR?RCQRFCNCPACLR?ECQPSL?QFGEF?Q ȳ CWMLB AMLAC?JCB A?PPW NCPKGRRGLE QWQRCKQ DMPRW QGV QR?RCQ ?JJMUMNCLA?PPW CGRFCPUGRFMPUGRFMSR?NCPKGR DMP QCJD BCDCLQC 'LQFMPR AMLAC?JCB?LBMNCLA?PPWGQ RFCLMPKRFPMSEFMSRKMQRMDRFCAMSLRPW GLAJSBGLE K?LWJ?PECSP@?L?PC?Q 2FGPRW WC?PQƃ CVNCPGCLAC UGRF GLAPC?QCB ESL MULCPQFGN?LBJG@CP?JGXCBA?PPWJ?UQF?QLMR JCBRMGLAPC?QCBAPGKC 'R GQ MDRCL ?PESCB RF?R ƅ9R;FC 1R?RCƋ F?Q ?L GLRCPCQR GL PCBSAGLE RFC LSK@CP MD ESLQ GL NS@JGA NJ?ACQ @CA?SQC RFCPC ?PC KMPC BC?RFQ ?LB GLHSPGCQ DPMKDGPC?PKQUFCLKMPCESLQ?PCNPCQCLR Ɔ SRBMCQRFCKCPCNPCQCLACMDDGPC?PKQ GLNS@JGA MPMRFCPUGQC A?SQCKMPCBC?RFQ?LBGLHSPGCQ *CRƃQ JMMI ?R JMLE RCPK AMKNPCFCLQGTC D?ARQ PCE?PBGLE RFC GLAPC?QC GL ESLQ RFC GLAPC?QC GL AMLAC?JCBA?PPW ?LBP?RCQMDAPGKC -TCPRFCNCPGMB RFC LCR LSK@CP MD ESLQ GL KCPGA? GLAPC?QCB@W BCR?GJCBCQRGK?RCMDRFC Id ?R QMD MLJW!?JGDMPLG?UFGAFF?Q?KGVCBQWQRCKRF?R T?PGCQ @W AMSLRW $JMPGB? 'JJGLMGQ ?LB ,CU 7MPI NJSQ " ! ECLCP?JJW@?LMNCLA?PPWMDF?LBESLQ@WJ?U DCUMRFCPQ QSAF ?Q,CU(CPQCW?LB+?PWJ?LB @?LMNCLA?PPWGLNP?ARGAC P KGAG !SPG?C MD !GRW MD !FGA?EM et al.GL1SNNMPRMD "CDCLB?LRQ NNCJJCCQ?R #!$,M Moore v. Madigan ,M RF!GP +?W ƅ,CRƆ GQ RFC RMR?J LSK@CP MD DGPC?PKQ K?LSD?ARSPCB GL RFC QNCAGDGCB RGKC NCPGMB NJSQ GKNMPRQ KGLSQ CVNMPRQ 2$# !-++#0!# ', 3 1 ,,3 * 12 2'12'! * 3." 2# LCR GLAPC?QCMD DGPC?PKQAMKNSRCBDPMKB?R?DMP FRRNQ UUU ?RD EMT DGJC BMULJM?B "?R?DMP
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
GQ DPMK 2$# ,,3 * $'0# 0+1 + ,3$ !230',% ," #6.-02 0#.-02 7# 0 $', * LCR GLAPC?QC MD DGPC?PKQ AMKNSRCB DMP FRRNQ UUU ?RD EMT PCQMSPAC ACLRCP BMAQ PCNMPR ?LLS?J DGPC?PKQ K?LSD?ARSPCPQ ?LB CVNMPR PCNMPR ?DKCP BMULJM?B 2FCQC RUM DGESPCQ QSK RM 1MKCMDRFCQCDGPC?PKQCLRCPGLE KCPGA?LF?LBQ QGLAC UCPC BCQRPMWCB BGQA?PBCB MP PCLBCPCB GLMNCP?@JC @SRQGLACDGPC?PKQ?PCNPMRMRWNGA?JƅBSP?@JCEMMBQƆRF?RLSK@CP GQJGICJWKGLGK?J
% 07 )*#!) .-',2 * ,) ?LB SLN?EGL?RCB 2?@JCQ ?LB 0MSRJCBECCB ,11$ NSSF Releases Most Recent Firearm Production Figures ,MT FRRNQ UUU LQQD MPE ?PRGAJCQ LQQD PCJC?QCQ KMQR PCACLR DGPC?PK NPMBSARGML DGESPCQ Concealed Carry Permit Holders 2020 ?R
QCTCLRCCL QR?RCQ BGB LMR PCOSGPC ? NCPKGR RM A?PPW?F?LBESLAMLAC?JCB SNDPMKMLCQR?RC 4CPKMLRGL 'LQFMPR MTCPRFCNCPGMB RFCGLTCLRMPW MD DGPC?PKQ KMPC RF?L BMS@JCB RFC LSK@CP MD AMLAC?JCBA?PPWNCPKGRQGLAPC?QCB@W?RJC?QRQCTCL DMJB?LBRFCLSK@CPMDNCMNJCUFMA?LJCE?JJWA?PPW AMLAC?JCBUGRFMSR?NCPKGRGLAPC?QCBCVNMLCLRG?JJW 'DRFCESLAMLRPMJRFCQGQGQRPSC i.e. RF?RKMPCESLQ GL ECLCP?J ?LB KMPC NCMNJC A?PPWGLE AMLAC?JCB F?LBESLQ A?SQCQ BC?RF GLHSPW ?LB K?WFCK RFCL KSPBCPQ ?LB TGMJCLR APGKC UMSJB F?TC QIWPMAICRCB MTCPRFGQBCA?BCQ JMLENCPGMB SR F?PB B?R? NPMTC RF?R RFC RFCQGQ GQ LMR RPSC -TCPRF?RQ?KCNCPGMBMD KSPBCPP?RCQDCJJ @W?JKMQRF?JD DPMK NCP NCMNJCGLRM NCP GL 4GMJCLRAPGKCQNJSKKCRCB @W MTCP F?JD BSPGLE RF?R NCPGMB DPMK NCP RM NCP
QLMRCB ?QMDRF?RLSK@CPF?QPGQCLRM $ '3!02?@JC 'LBCVMD!PGKC3LGRCB1R?RCQ FRRNQ SAP D@G EMT APGKC GL RFC S Q R?@JC=APGKC VJQ$ '3!02?@JC !PGKCGLRFC3LGRCB1R?RCQ@W 4MJSKC ?LB 0?RC NCP 'LF?@GR?LRQ FRRNQ SAP D@G EMT APGKC GL RFC S Q APGKC GL RFC S Q BMULJM?BQ AGSQBMULJM?B?@JCDGJCQ XGN $ '3!02?@JC !PGKCGLRFC3LGRCB1R?RCQ@W 4MJSKC ?LB 0?RC NCP 'LF?@GR?LRQ FRRNQ SAP D@G EMT APGKC GL RFC S Q APGKC GL RFC S Q R?@JCQ R@J VJQ $ ' 3!0 !PGKC GL RFC 3LGRCB 1R?RCQ@W4MJSKC?LB0?RCNCP 'LF?@GR?LRQ FRRNQ SAP D@G EMT APGKC GL RFC S Q APGKC GL RFC S Q RMNGA N?ECQ R?@JCQ R?@JC
2FCTCPWJ?PECGLAPC?QCQGLRMR?JDGPC?PKQ?LBGL J?UDSJA?PPW@WNCPKGRFMJBCPQ?LBMRFCPQF?TC CKNF?RGA?JJWnotDSCJCBAPGKCMPTGMJCLAC ! !MLAC?JCB A?PPW NCPKGR FMJBCPQ GL ƅQF?JJ GQQSCƆQR?RCQ?PCPCK?PI?@JWJ?U ?@GBGLE .PMDCQQMP"?TGB)MNCJF?QCV?KGLCBB?R?DPMK? LSK@CPMDƅQF?JJ GQQSCƆQR?RCQPCE?PBGLERFCLSK@CP MD APGKCQ AMKKGRRCB @W AMLAC?JCB A?PPW NCPKGR FMJBCPQ 2FCB?R?PCTC?JCBRF?R?Q?EPMSNAMLAC?JCB A?PPW NCPKGR FMJBCPQ ?PC T?QRJW KMPC J?U ?@GBGLE RF?L RFC NS@JGA ECLCP?JJW 0CACLR B?R? AMLDGPK RFCQCDGLBGLEQ 'L2CV?Q B?R?DPMKQFMURMR?JAMLTGARGMLQMD ?JMLEJGQRMDAPGKCQ?LBRFCLSK@CPMDRFMQCAPGKCQ AMKKGRRCB @W A?PPW JGACLQC FMJBCPQ !?PPW JGACLQC FMJBCPQUCPCAMLTGARCBMDMSRMD?RMR?JMD AMLTGARGMLQ MP ȳ 2FCPCUCPC ?ARGTC JGACLQC FMJBCPQ GL 2FC NMNSJ?RGML 5C AGRC B?R? RFPMSEF @CA?SQC RFC APGKC P?RC AF?LECB BP?K?RGA?JJW GL @SR LMR BSC RM GLAPC?QCB DGPC?PKQ ?T?GJ?@GJGRWMPJ?UDSJA?PPW See .?PR'' ! @CJMU
"?TGB )MNCJ .PCRCLB “Gun-Free” School Zones !-,, * 0#4 "?TGB )MNCJ Guns on University Campuses: The Colorado Experience, 2&# 5 1&',%2-, .-12 NP
2#6 1 "#. 02+#,2 -$ .3 *'! 1 $#27 !-,4'!2'-, 0 2#1 $-0 & ,"%3, *'!#,1# &-*"#01 0#.-02',% .#0'-" FRRNQ UUU BNQ RCV?Q EMT QGRCQ BCD?SJR DGJCQ BMASKCLRQ PQB JRA PCNMPRQ AMLTGARGMLP?RCQPCNMPR NBD
2#6 1 "#. 02+#,2 -$ .3 *'! 1 $#27 !2'4# *'!#,1# !#02'$'#" ',1203!2-0 !-3,21 1 -$ "#!#+ #0 FRRNQ UUU BNQ RCV?Q EMT QGRCQ BCD?SJR DGJCQ BMASKCLRQ PQB JRA PCNMPRQ ?ARJGA?LBGLQRP ?ARGTCJGA?LBGLQRP NBD
?LB MJBCP GQ CQRGK?RCB @W RFC !CLQSQ SPC?S RM @C ȳMDRFCRMR?J2CV?QNMNSJ?RGMLMD MP ?BSJR GLBGTGBS?JQ 2FSQ A?PPW JGACLQC FMJBCPQ AMLQRGRSRCB ȳ MD RFC NMNSJ?RGML ?LB MJBCP @SRAMKKGRRCBMLJW ȳMDRFCAPGKCQ 2FC AMLTGARGML P?RC MD JGACLQC FMJBCPQ GQ RFCPCDMPC ?@MSR RFRFCP?RCDMPRFCECLCP?J?BSJRNMNSJ?RGML 'L$JMPGB? A?PPWJGACLQCQ?PCPCTMICBGD?JGACLQCC AMKKGRQ ? BGQOS?JGDWGLE APGKC ?JJ DCJMLGCQ NJSQ MRFCPQ MP GQ BGQOS?JGDGCB @CA?SQC MD KCLR?J FC?JRF QS@QR?LAC ?@SQC BMKCQRGA TGMJCLAC MP MRFCP PC?QMLQ JGACLQCQ UCPC GQQSCB MTCP RFC NCPGMB -ARM@CP RFPMSEF (SLC "SPGLERF?RNCPGMB JGACLQCQUCPCPCTMICBDMP ?JJPC?QMLQ ?P?RCMD ȳ QMD(SLC RFC LSK@CPMDT?JGBJGACLQCQQR?RCUGBCU?Q 'LRFCWC?PCLBGLE(SLC JGACLQCQUCPC
3 1 !#,131 30# 3 /3'!)$ !21 2#6 1 FRRNQ UUU ACLQSQ EMT OSGAID?ARQ D?AR R?@JC 26 31 .12 $J? 1R?R d
$*-0'" "#. 02+#,2 -$ %0'!3*230# ," !-,13+#0 1#04'!#1 !-,!# *#"5# .-,-0$'0# 0+*'!#,1#13++ 07 0#.-02 -!2- #0 (3,# ƅ1SKK?PW 0CNMPR Ɔ FRRNQ UUU DB?AQ EMT AMLRCLR BMULJM?B DGJC AU= KMLRFJW NBD Id
$*-0'" "#. 02+#,2 -$ %0'!3*230# ," !-,13+#0 1#04'!#1 ,3+ #0 -$ 4 *'" $*-0'" !-,!# *#" 5# .-, *'!#,1#1 10#.-02#" 22&##,"-$# !&$'1! *7# 0(3,# 1',!# .0-%0 + ',!#.2'-, ', -!2- #0 FRRNQ UUU DB?AQ EMT AMLRCLR BMULJM?B DGJC ,SK@CP-D4? JGB!5*GACLQCQ=$GQA?J7C?P#LB1GLAC NBD
PCTMICB ?L?LLS?JPCTMA?RGMLP?RCMD ȳ $PMK RFPMSEF UFCL RFC QR?RC QRMNNCB NS@JGQFGLE RFGQ GLDMPK?RGML MLJW PCTMA?RGMLQ UCPCDMP?APGKCUGRF?ƅ$GPC?PK3RGJGXCB Ɔ %GTCL RFCCVACNRGML?JJW J?U ?@GBGLE AF?P?ARCP MD A?PPWNCPKGRFMJBCPQ?APMQQRFC3 1 RFCQSNNMQGRGML RF?R ,CU 7MPICPQ UMSJB @C AMLTCPRCB DPMK J?U ?@GBGLE AGRGXCLQ RM TGMJCLR APGKGL?JQ GD RFCW UCPC ?JJMUCB RM A?PPW ? DGPC?PK DMP QCJD BCDCLQC GQ SLDMSLBCB " +MQR FMKGAGBCQ ?LB LML D?R?J QFMMRGLEQ ?PC AMKKGRRCB @W GLBGTGBS?JQ UGRF APGKGL?J PCAMPBQUFM?PCGLCJGEG@JCRMNMQQCQQDGPC?PKQ #JGKGL?RGLERFCPGEFRMDKMQRJ?U ?@GBGLEAGRGXCLQ RMA?PPWDGPC?PKQDMPQCJD NPMRCARGMLGQLMRR?GJMPCBRM PCBSAC APGKC #TGBCLAC ?LB J?U CLDMPACKCLR CVNCPGCLAC AMLDGPK RF?R KMQR TGMJCLR APGKCQ ?PC AMKKGRRCB @W PCNC?R MDDCLBCPQ UFMQC APGKGL?J PCAMPBQ ECLCP?JJW PCLBCP RFCK GLCJGEG@JC CTCL RM NMQQCQQ DGPC?PKQ $CJMLQ ?LB BMKCQRGA ?@SQCPQ DMP CV?KNJC A?LLMRJCE?JJWNMQQCQQMPNSPAF?QCDGPC?PKQ SLBCPDCBCP?JJ?U SRTGMJCLRAPGKGL?JQBMLƃRM@CW RFCJ?U?LBRFCWBMLƃRECRJGACLQCQ 'L ?L ?L?JWQGQ MD RFPCC WC?PQ MD FMKGAGBC B?R? @W RFC ,CU 7MPI 2GKCQ PCTC?JCB ? AMKNCJJGLE $*-0'" "#. 02+#,2 -$ %0'!3*230# ," !-,13+#0 1#04'!#1 ..*'! 2'-,1 ," "'1.-1'2'-,1 7 !-3,27 (3*7 ƀ(3,# FRRNQ UUU DB?AQ EMT AMLRCLR BMULJM?B DGJC ==AU=?LLS?J NBD $JMPGB?JGACLQCQ ?PCEMMBDMPQCTCLWC?PQ 1SKK?PW0CNMPR 3 1 ! dE
D?ARKMPCRF?LȳMDRFCIGJJCPQGL,CU7MPI!GRW F?BAPGKGL?JPCAMPBQ ?QBGBKMPCRF?LF?JDMDRFMQC IGJJCB L ,7." PCNMPR QFMUCB QGKGJ?P PCQSJRQ DMP RFC WC?P RFCJ?QRWC?PDMPUFGAFQSAF?QRSBWU?Q NPMBSACB 'LRF?RWC?P ȳMDFMKGAGBCQSQNCARQF?B ?RJC?QRMLCNPGMP?PPCQR 1CTCLMSRMDRCLFMKGAGBC TGARGKQF?BNPGMP?PPCQRQ "?R? DPMK MRFCP AGRGCQ AMLDGPK RFGQ N?RRCPL 'L ?JRGKMPC NMJGAC B?R? DMP QFMUCB RF?R MD ?JJ FMKGAGBC QSQNCARQ ƅ NCPACLR F?B NPGMP APGKGL?J PCAMPBQ Ɔ ?LB RFMQC QSQNCARQ ?TCP?ECB MTCP LGLC ?PPCQRQ ?NGCAC "?R? PCJC?QCB @W RFC ?JRGKMPC NMJGAC DMP PCTC?JCB RF?R ȳ MD ?JJ FMKGAGBC QSQNCARQF?BNPGMPAPGKGL?JPCAMPBQ ?QBGB ȳMD FMKGAGBCTGARGKQ 2FC KMQR PCACLR ?LLS?J PCNMPR DMP +GJU?SICC FMKGAGBCQ QR?RCQ RF?R ƅ9?;JKMQR ȳ MD RFC ILMULQSQNCARQF?B?APGKGL?JFGQRMPWƆ?LB?BBQRF?R ƅ9R;FC MTCPUFCJKGLE K?HMPGRW MD QSQNCARQ F?TC APGKGL?J FGQRMPGCQ EMGLE @?AI RM Ɔ +MPCMTCP (M!P?TCL+A%GLRW New York Killers, and Those Killed, by Numbers ,#57-0)2'+#1 NP
.-*'!# "#. 02+#,2 !'27 -$ ,#5 7-0) +30"#0 ', ,#5 7-0) !'27 ?R FRRNQ UUU LWA EMT QGRC LWNB QR?RQ PCNMPRQ ?L?JWQGQ ?PAFGTC N?EC Id.?R )CTGL0CARMP Statistical snapshots from Baltimore's deadliest year: suspects, victims, and cops *2'+-0#13,(?L "?TGB!MJJGLQ BPD analysis uncovers revealing information about murder victims, suspects 5 * 24(?L
+'*5 3)##&-+'!'"#0#4'#5!-++'11'-, ,,3 *0#.-02
ȳ MD RFC FMKGAGBC TGARGKQ F?B NPGMP ?PPCQR FGQRMPGCQ 2FGQNFCLMKCKMLGQRPSCLMRMLJWMDFMKGAGBCQ 'L +GJU?SICC GL ȳ MD LML D?R?J QFMMRGLE QSQNCARQF?B?APGKGL?JFGQRMPW QUGRFFMKGAGBCQ RFCT?QRK?HMPGRWMDLML D?R?JQFMMRGLETGARGKQȳ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ƃQKCR?QRSBW UFGAFDMSLBRF?RRFC CTGBCLACGQƅGLAMLAJSQGTCƆRF?RQR?RCQF?JJ GQQSCJ?UQ F?TC ?LW CDDCARQ ML RMR?J FMKGAGBCQ DGPC?PK FMKGAGBCQ PM@@CPGCQ ?QQ?SJRQ ?LBP?NCQ &-+'!'"# ," ,-, $ 2 * 1&--2',%1 FRRN AGRW KGJU?SICC EMT 'K?EC*G@P?PW %PMSNQ AGRW&0! PCNMPRQ LL S?J0CNMPR$', * NBD Id.?R Id.?R Id ?R
0-1 ,, 1+ 02 ET AL 2&# 1!'#,!# -$ %3, .-*'!7 !0'2'! *17,2'1-$0#1# 0!'"#,!#-,2&##$$#!21-$
1CTCP?J PCACLR QRSBGCQ F?TC PC?AFCB AMLAJSQGMLQ BGPCARJWMNNMQGRCRFCƅLCUƆPCQC?PAFAGRCB@W,CU 7MPI?LBGRQamici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ƃQPCNC?JMDGRQ PCOSGPCKCLR DMP EMTCPLKCLR GQQSCB AMLAC?JCB A?PPW NCPKGRQF?BLM?NNPCAG?@JCCDDCARMLF?LBESL PCJ?RCB TGMJCLR APGKC GL 2SAQML L?JWXGLEB?R?DPMK
%3, .-*'!'#1 ', 2&# 3,'2#" 12 2#1 0 ," !MPNMP?RGMLBCB ƅ0 ,"KCR?QRSBWƆ +?PI# &?KGJJet al State Level Firearm Concealed-Carry Legislation and Rates of Homicide and Other Violent Crime ( KCP !MJJCECMD1SPECMLQ !?PJGQJC# +MMBW2FMK?Q +?PTCJJ The Right-to-Carry Laws: A Critique of the 2014 Version of Aneja, Donohue, and Zhang, #AML ( 5?RAF 5CG1FG*SLE DCG*CC The Effects of Gun Control on Crimes: A Spatial Interactive Fixed Effects Approach #KNGPGA?J #AMLMKGAQ +GAF?CJ 0 1KGRF +?RRFCU .CRPMACJJG The Effect of Concealed Handgun Carry Deregulation in Arizona on Crime in
AGRGCQ DPMK RFC QCAMLB AMLAJSBCB RF?R QF?JJ GQQSC J?UQ reducedDGPC?PKFMKGAGBCQ@W NCPACLR?LBRMR?JFMKGAGBCQ@WNCPACLR PCACLR QMNFGQRGA?RCB QRSBW @W "P 5GJJG?K #LEJGQFMD%CMPECRMULQFMUQRF?RUFCLMLCRP?AIQ ?ARS?J AMLAC?JCB A?PPW NCPKGR GQQS?LAC MTCP RGKC P?RFCP RF?L SQGLE RFC APSBCP ƅ@GL?PWƆ KCRFMBMJMEW RF?R KCPCJW JMMIQ ?R APGKC P?RCQ @CDMPC ?LB ?DRCP ? PCQRPGARGTC J?U GQ JGDRCB KMPC NCPKGQQGTC A?PPW QRGJJ F?QLMQGELGDGA?LRCDDCARMLTGMJCLRAPGKCMPFMKGAGBC P?RCQ 2FCQRSBGCQAGRCB@W,CU7MPI?LBGRQamici@CJMU BM LMR CQR?@JGQF RF?R PCQRPGARGTC A?PPW J?UQ PCBSAC APGKC ?QMNNMQCBRMƅQF?JJ GQQSCƆPCEGKCQ (MFL"MLMFSCCR?J 0GEFR RM !?PPW*?UQ?LB 4GMJCLR !PGKC !MKNPCFCLQGTC QQCQQKCLR 3QGLE .?LCJ "?R? ?LB ? 1R?RC *CTCJ 1WLRFCRGA !MLRPMJ L?JWQGQ ( #KNGPGA?J*CE?J1RSB 2FGQ QRSBW CQRGK?RCB GLAPC?QCQ GL TGMJCLR APGKC ECLCP?JJWUGRFKMPCJCLGCLRQF?JJ GQQSCJ?UQ 'RQRUM U?WDGVCBCDDCARQKMBCJ FMUCTCP GLBGA?RCQSLACPR?GL MP QR?RGQRGA?JJW GLQGELGDGA?LR CDDCARQ ML RMR?J KSPBCP ?LB DGPC?PK KSPBCP P?RCQ 2FC 0 ," KCR?QRSBW OSCQRGMLQ RFC PCJG?@GJGRW MD "MLMFSCƃQ QWLRFCRGA
Tucson, !PGK (SQRGAC.MJ 0CT (?KCQ+ *?4?JJC “Gun Control” vs. “Self-Protection”: A Case against the Ideological Divide, (SQRGAC.MJGAW(MSPL?J 5GJJG?K#LEJGQF The Right to Carry Has Not Increased Crime: Improving an Old Debate Through Better Data on Permit Growth Over Time(SJ FRRNQ QQPL AMK ?@QRP?AR "MLMFSCet al ?R
AMLRPMJ KMBCJ CVNJ?GLGLE RF?R ƅUFCL AMLRPMJQ ?PC K?BCSNMDHSQR?DCUQR?RCQ ?QRFCWUCPCGLRFGQA?QC RFCGPSQCDSJLCQQDMPGBCLRGDWGLEA?SQ?JCDDCARQK?W@C AMKNPMKGQCB Ɔ.PMDCQQMP#LEJGQFF?QQS@HCARCBRFGQ QRSBWRM?BCR?GJCBAPGRGOSC +GAF?CJ1GCECJCR?J #?QGLCQQMD*CE?J AACQQ RM!MLAC?JCB$GPC?PK.CPKGRQ?LB&MKGAGBC0?RCQGL RFC 3LGRCB 1R?RCQ K ( .S@ &C?JRF 1GCECJ ?LB AMJJC?ESCQ CQRGK?RCB RF?R QF?JJ GQQSC J?UQ?PC?QQMAG?RCBUGRFQGELGDGA?LRJWFGEFCPP?RCQMD RMR?J DGPC?PK PCJ?RCB ?LB F?LBESL PCJ?RCB FMKGAGBCQ 2FC0 ,"KCR?QRSBWAJ?QQGDGCBRFGQQRSBW ?QF?TGLEƅQCPGMSQKCRFMBMJMEGA?JNPM@JCKQ Ɔ !?QQ?LBP? ) !PGD?QG CR ?J QQMAG?RGML CRUCCL $GPC?PK *?UQ ?LB &MKGAGBC GL 3P@?L !MSLRGCQ ( 3P@?L&C?JRF !PGD?QG ?LB AMJJC?ESCQ CQRGK?RCB RF?R PGEFR RM A?PPW J?UQ UCPC ?QQMAG?RCB UGRF ? ȳ AMPPCARCB GLAPC?QCGLDGPC?PKFMKGAGBCGLJ?PEC SP@?LAMSLRGCQ 2FC 0 ," KCR?QRSBW ?JQM AJ?QQGDGCB RFGQ QRSBW ?Q F?TGLEƅQCPGMSQKCRFMBMJMEGA?JNPM@JCKQ Ɔ +?PHMPGC +A#JPMW .CGAFSL 5?LE 1CCKGLEJW 'LCVRPGA?@JC "WL?KGA "GDDCPCLACQ 2FC !?QC MD !MLAC?JCB %SL .CPKGR 4GMJCLR !PGKC ?LB
0 ,"KCR?QRSBW ?R #LEJGQF Right to Carry Has Not Increased Crime supra,?R 0 ,"KCR?QRSBW ?R $GESPC Id.
1R?RC .?LCJ "?R? (SLC FRRNQ QQPL AMK ?@QRP?AR 2FGQ SLNS@JGQFCB N?NCP CQRGK?RCQ RF?R TGMJCLR APGKC P?RCQ UMSJB @C PCBSACB @W MLC RFGPB GD QR?RCQ F?B LMR CL?ARCB QF?JJ GQQSC J?UQ "CR?GJQ MD RFC QRSBWƃ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ƃQ A?PPW NCPKGR PCOSGPCKCLR 2FC QRSBWAMLACBCQ FMUCTCP RF?RRFCGLAPC?QCAMSJB@C PCJ?RCB RM ?L MTCP?JJ GLAPC?QC GL DGPC?PK NSPAF?QCQ BSPGLE RFC NCPGMB P?RFCP RF?L JCQQ PCQRPGARGTC AMLAC?JCB A?PPW 2FC 0 ," KCR?QRSBW LMRCQ RF?R RFC QRSBWƃQ DJ?UQ PSL BCCNCP BSC RM ? T?PGCRW MD AMLDMSLBCPQ RF?R UCPC LMR AMLRPMJJCB DMP GL RFC ?L?JWQGQ .CPF?NQ RFC @CQR PC@SRR?J MD RFCQC QMAG?J QAGCLAC
0?QFL?%GLU?JJ?CR?J Repeal of the Concealed Weapons Law, supra, ?R 0 ,"KCR?QRSBW?R
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
See, e.g., P MDAmicus Curiae %GDDMPBQ*?U!CLRCPRM.PCTCLR %SL4GMJCLAC 1SNNMPRGLE"CDCLB?LRQ NNCJJCCQ?RL #!$ ,M GLRFC1CAMLB!GPASGR@CJMUAGRGLE"?LGCJ5 5C@QRCPet al Firearms on College Campuses: Research Evidence and Policy Implications -AR 5C@QRCPƃQ SLNS@JGQFCB N?NCPKCPCJWAGRCQB?R?DPMK?BGDDCPCLRPCQC?PAFCPUFMPCJGCB ML?L?RWNGA?JBCDGLGRGMLMDƅK?QQQFMMRGLEƆ?LBDMSLBMLJW? QJGEFRJWGLAPC?QCBCDDCAR
0#32#01 Texas church shooter wore wig and fake beard, says security head who shot him "CA FRRNQ UUU PCSRCPQ AMK ?PRGAJC SQ RCV?Q QFMMRGLE GB31) ,77$ Id.
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ƅQF?JJ GQQSCƆ QWQRCK GL C?PJW ?DRCP GRQ NPGMP @?L F?B @CCLGLT?JGB?RCB -L NPGJ ?K?LƅMNCLCB DGPCML?APMUBMDNCMNJCƆGL!FGA?EM L3@CPBPGTCP UGRF?A?PPWNCPKGRDGPCBQGVQFMRQ?LBQRMNNCBRFC
CLH?KGL$C?PLMU Texas Allows Guns in Churches, Schools After Firearm Access Laws Expanded, Effective September 1 ,#515##) 1CN FRRNQ UUU LCUQUCCI AMK RCV?Q ESL J?UQ QCNRCK@CP CDDCAR QAFMMJQ AFSPAFCQ PCQRPGARGMLQ (CLLGDCP!?JD?Q?LB+?FGR?%?H?L?L What to Know About the South Texas Church Shooting 2'+# ,MT FRRNQ RGKC AMK RCV?Q QSRFCPJ?LB QNPGLEQ AFSPAF QFMMRGLE !,, Security Guard Who Stopped Shooter Credits God"CA FRRN UUU ALL AMK 31 AMJMP?BM QFMMRGLEQ GLBCV FRKJ Moore v. Madigan $ B RF !GP People v. Aguilar , # B'JJ
?RR?AICP -L+?PAF ?K?L@CE?LQFMMRGLEGLQGBC RFC$?J?F ?P@CPQFMNGL5CQR.FGJ?BCJNFG? LMRFCP K?L UGRF ? A?PPW JGACLQC QFMR FGK .FGJ?BCJNFG? .MJGAC!?NR?GL$P?LI*JCUCJJWLQ?GB ƅ&CPCQNMLBCB ?LB'ESCQQFCQ?TCB?JMRMDNCMNJCGLRFCPC Ɔ -L (SJW ? K?L UGRF ? JMLE PCAMPB MD TGMJCLRAPGKC?LBKCLR?JGJJLCQQCLRCPCB?NQWAFG?RPGA APGQGQ ACLRCP ?BHMGLGLE +CPAW $GRXECP?JB &MQNGR?J LC?P.FGJ?BCJNFG? &CQFMR?LSPQC ?LBRFCLMNCLCB DGPC?E?GLQRFGQBMARMP 2FCBMARMPPCRSPLCBDGPC?LB QRMNNCB RFC IGJJCP UFM F?B SLDGPCB PMSLBQ MD ?KKSLGRGMLJCDR ƅ'D"P 1GJTCPK?LBGBLMRF?TCRFC DGPC?PK?LBBGBLMRSRGJGXCRFCDGPC?PK FCȲB@CBC?B RMB?W Ɔ 9"GQRPGAR RRMPLCW (?AI; 5FCJ?L Q?GB ƅ LB MRFCPNCMNJCUMSJB@CBC?B Ɔ2FCPC?PCK?LWKMPC CTCLRQJGICRFCQC %CMDD8GCXSJCUGAX Uber driver, licensed to carry gun, shoots gunman in Logan Square !&' 20' 3,# NP FRRN UUU AFGA?EMRPG@SLC AMK LCUQ JMA?J @PC?IGLE AR S@CP BPGTCP QFMMRQ ESLK?L KCR QRMPW FRKJ
! 1.&'**7 !-+ Gunman Shot Dead Inside West Philadelphia Barbershop +?P FRRN NFGJ?BCJNFG? A@QJMA?J AMK K?L QFMR BC?B GLQGBC UCQR NFGJ?BCJ NFG? @?P@CPQFMN JJGQML1RCCJC CL$GLJCW ?LB*?SP?+A!PWQR?J, More might have died if doctor had not shot gunman .&'* ',/3'0#0(SJ FRRN UUU NFGJJW AMK NFGJJW LCUQ =&MQNGR ?J=QFMMRCP=F?B=FGQRMPW=MD=KCLR?J=GJJLCQQ==?PPCQRQ==PCAMPBQ=Q FMU FRKJ See e.g. "?TGB)MNCJ Arming the right people can save lives * 2'+#1(?L BCQAPG@GLERCLGLQR?LACQGLUFGAF?L ?ARGTC QFMMRCP MP NMRCLRG?J K?QQ QFMMRCP U?Q QRMNNCB @W ?L ?PKCB AGRGXCL FRRNQ UUU J?RGKCQ AMK MNGLGML J? VNK
,MK?QQQFMMRCPUGJJ@CBCRCPPCBDPMKAMKKGRRGLE FMPPGDGA APGKCQ @CA?SQC FC BMCQLƃ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ƅ"CDCLQGTCSQCMDESLQ@WAPGKCTGARGKQGQ?AMKKML MAASPPCLACƋ JKMQR ?JJ L?RGML?J QSPTCW CQRGK?RCQ GLBGA?RC RF?R BCDCLQGTC ESL SQCQ @W TGARGKQ ?PC ?R JC?QR?QAMKKML?QMDDCLQGTCSQCQ@WAPGKGL?JQ UGRF CQRGK?RCQMD?LLS?JSQCQP?LEGLEDPMK?@MSR RMKGJJGML GLRFCAMLRCVRMD?@MSR TGMJCLR APGKCQGLTMJTGLEDGPC?PKQGL Ɔ
H?L J? MC IMNCJ ESLQ PCQGQR?LAC LP? QRMPW FRKJ
, 2'-, *0#1# 0!&!-3,!'* .0'-0'2'#1$-00#1# 0!&2-
!PGKGLMJMEGQRQ %?PW )JCAI ?LB +?PA %CPRX AMLBSARCB ?L CQNCAG?JJW RFMPMSEF QSPTCW GL UGRF QRPGLECLR Q?DCES?PBQ RM UCCB MSR PCQNMLBCLRQ UFM KGEFR KGQBCQAPG@C MP KGQB?RC ? BCDCLQGTC ESL SQC "%3 CTCLR 2FCGP PCQSJRQ GLBGA?RCB @CRUCCL ?LB KGJJGML"%3Q?LLS?JJW 2FC)JCAI %CPRXQSPTCWDMSLBKMQRBCDCLQGTCSQCQ GLTMJTCBF?LBESLQȳ ?LB?J?PECK?HMPGRWMD BCDCLQGTC SQCQ ȳ BGB LMR GLTMJTC DGPGLE RFC UC?NML @SR KCPCJW BGQNJ?WGLE GR RM BCRCP ?L ?RR?AICP .FGJGN !MMI MD "SIC ?LB (CLQ *SBUGE MD %CMPECRMULUCPCQICNRGA?JMD)JCAIƃQPCQSJRQQMRFCW AMLBSARCBRFCGPMULQSPTCW 2F?RQSPTCWNPMBSACB?L CQRGK?RCMD KGJJGML"%3Q 'L .PMDCQQMP #LEJGQFƃQ J?PEC QMNFGQRGA?RCB QSPTCW PCTC?JCB PCQSJRQ MD ? QGKGJ?P K?ELGRSBC ?L CQRGK?RCB KGJJGML"%3Q?LLS?JJW &GQDGLBGLEQ RF?R F?LBESLQ ?PC KMQR DPCOSCLRJW SQCB DMP QCJD BCDCLQC ȳ ?LBGLRFCT?QRK?HMPGRWMDGLAGBCLRQ
0#"3!#2&0# 2-$$'0# 0+ 0#* 2#"4'-*#,!# AGR?RGMLQMKGRRCB )JCAI%CPRX supra )JCAI%CPRX?R )JCAI%CPRX?R
.&'*'.!--)(#,1*3"5'% %3,1', +#0'! 0#13*21-$ !-+.0#&#,1'4# , 2'-, * 1304#7 -$ $'0# 0+1 -5,#01&'. ,"31# #LEJGQF 2021 National Firearms Survey supra, ?R
ȳLMQFMRU?QDGPCB ?PCAMLQGQRCLRUGRF)JCAIƃQ DGLBGLEQ 3LJGICRFCQSPTCWQAMLBSARCB@W)JCAI !MMI?LB *SBUGE ?LB#LEJGQF JMUCP"%3QF?TC@CCL CQRGK?RCB@WQRSBGCQPCJWGLEMLRFC,?RGML?J!PGKC 4GARGKGX?RGML 1SPTCW &MUCTCP CQRGK?RCQ MD "%3Q @?QCBML,!41B?R??PCSLPCJG?@JC QGLACRFC,!41 QSPTCWQBMLMR?ARS?JJW?QIGDRFCGLBGTGBS?JSQCB? DGPC?PKBCDCLQGTCJW 'RGQACPR?GLJWLMRRPSC ?Q?QQCPRCBGLMLC1CAMLB !GPASGRamicus @PGCD RF?RƅTGARGKQMDTGMJCLRAPGKCQ SQCDGPC?PKQRMRFPC?RCLMP?RR?AIRFCNCPNCRP?RMPGL JCQQRF?LMLCNCPACLRMD?JJAPGKGL?JGLAGBCLRQ Ɔ2F?R QR?RCKCLR GQ @?QCB ML ? QRSBW SQGLE ,!41 B?R? UFGAF?QLMRCBGQSLPCJG?@JCDMPBCRCPKGLGLE"%3Q SR KMPC GKNMPR?LRJW GR U?Q LMR MLC NCPACLR MD ƅTGARGKQMDTGMJCLRAPGKCQƆUFMSQCB?ESL @SRMLC NCPACLR MD TGARGKQ MD all kinds of crimes GLAJSBGLE NPMNCPRWAPGKCQ NMAICRNGAIGLE NSPQCQL?RAFGLE ?LB TCP@?J RFPC?RQ DMP UFGAF PCQNMLBGLE UGRF ? ESL P?PCJWGQ?NNPMNPG?RC
Id. See (?AM@1SJJSK A Survey Not Designed to Measure Defensive Gun Use Finds Little of It 0# 1-, 1CNR FRRNQ PC?QML AMK ? QSPTCW RF?RQ LMR BCQGELCB RM KC?QSPC B 1RSBGCQ SQGLE ,!41 ?JQM NPM@?@JW SLBCPQR?RC "%3Q@CA?SQCRFCPCQNMLBCLRQILMURFC,!41GQAMLBSARCBDMP RFC "CN?PRKCLR MD (SQRGAC ?LB RF?R RFCGP PCQNMLQCQ ?PC LMR ?LMLWKMSQ +?LW NCMNJC UGJJ @C FCQGR?LR RM GLDMPK ? J?U CLDMPACKCLR?ECLAWRF?RRFCWF?TCPCACLRJWSQCB?ESL?E?GLQR ?LMRFCPFSK?L@CGLE Id. %GDDMPBQ P supra ?R "?TGB&CKCLU?W1?P?( 1MJLGAI The Epidemiology of Self-
'D)JCAIƃQ?LB#LEJGQFƃQB?R??PCAMPPCAR ?LBGDDMP CTCPW FSLBPCB "%3Q MLJW MLC JGDC GQ Q?TCB "%3Q Q?TC?NNPMVGK?RCJW RM JGTCQC?AFWC?P AMKN?PCB RM RFC ?TCP?EC MD ?@MSR JGTCQ JMQR ?LLS?JJWRMDGPC?PKQFMKGAGBCQMTCPRFCNCPGMB 2FC CQRGK?RCQ ?@MTC PCJ?RC RM ?JJ BCDCLQGTC ESL SQCQ UFCRFCPGLQGBCMPMSRQGBCRFCFMKC .PMDCQQMP )JCAIƃQPCQC?PAFDMSLBRF?R ȳMD"%3QMAASPPCB MSRQGBC RFC FMKC #LEJGQFƃQ QSPTCW DMSLB RF?R ?JKMQRȳMD"%3QRMMINJ?ACMSRQGBCRFCDMSPU?JJQ MDRFCFMKC 2FSQ PCAMELGRGMLMDRFCPGEFRRMA?PPW MSRQGBC RFC FMKC UGJJ FCJN NPMRCAR JGTCQ ?LB PCBSAC APGKC GL RFC JMA?RGMLQ UFCPC RFC K?HMPGRW MD "%3Q MAASP 'RGQSLRPSCRF?RSQGLE?ESLRMPCQGQRAPGKCGQ GLCDDCARGTC MP B?LECPMSQ ?Q AJ?GKCB GL RFC @PGCDGLE @CJMU "CQNGRC F?TGLE ?L CVRPCKCJW QK?JJ Q?KNJC QGXC &CKCLU?W ?LB 1MJLGAI DMSLB RF?R MSR MD RFGPRCCL A?RCEMPGCQ MD BCDCLQGTC ?ARGMLQ R?ICL @W Defense Gun Use: Evidence from the National Crime Victimization Surveys 2007-2011, .PCTCLRGTC+CB ƅ&CKCLU?W1MJLGAIƆ $ '3!02?@JC #VN?LBCB&MKGAGBC"?R? +SPBCP 4GARGKQ@W5C?NML FRRNQ SAP D@G EMT APGKC GL RFC S Q APGKC GL RFC S Q R?@JCQ CVN?LBCB FMKGAGBC B?R? R?@JC VJQ )JCAI%CPRX supra,?R #LEJGQF 2021 National FirearmsSurvey supra ?R 2F?R FGEFCPNCPACLR?ECUMSJB@CCVNCARCBBSCRMFGEFCPP?RCQMDJCE?J A?PPWGLPCACLRWC?PQRFPMSEFQF?JJ GQQSCMPNCPKGRJCQQQWQRCKQ &CKCLU?W1MJLGAI supra, ?R?BKGRRGLEQ?KNJCGQƅRMM QK?JJRMU?PP?LRQRPMLEAMLAJSQGMLQƆ
TGARGKQ ƅPSLLGLE ?U?WƆ ?LB ƅA?JJGLE NMJGACƆ UCPC ƅ?QQMAG?RCBUGRF?PCBSACBJGICJGFMMBMDGLHSPWafter R?IGLE BCDCLQGTC ?ARGML QCJD BCDCLQC ESL SQC U?Q LMR Ɔ 'R GQ KGQJC?BGLE RM AMKN?PC QACL?PGMQ UFCPC ƅPSLLGLE ?U?WƆ MP ƅA?JJGLE NMJGACƆ ?PC NMQQG@JC RM QACL?PGMQ UFCPC ? ESL GQ SQCB BCDCLQGTCJW UFGAF SQS?JJWMAASPMLJWUFCLLMMNRGMLQ?PCJCDR !MLRP?PW RM RFC AJ?GK RF?R ƅUFCL TGARGKQ SQC ? ESL GL QCJD BCDCLQC BMGLE QM BMCQ LMR K?IC RFCK Q?DCP ƆRFC &CKCLU?W ?LB 1MJLGAI QRSBW ?ARS?JJW QFMUQ RF?R RFCPCGQ?lowerJGICJGFMMBMDGLHSPWat any time BSPGLE ?LGLAGBCLRUFCL?ESLU?QSQCBGLQCJD BCDCLQC 'RGQ?JQMSLRPSCRF?RƅRFMQCA?PPWGLE?ESL?PCDGTC RGKCQKMPCJGICJWRM@CQFMRGLRFCAMSPQCMD?L?QQ?SJR RF?L?PC?QQ?SJRTGARGKQLMRUGCJBGLE?ESL Ɔ?Q,CU 7MPI ?QQCPRCB @CJMU AAMPBGLE RM APGKGLMJMEGQR )JCAI ƅ9 ;RLMNMGLRBGBRFCQC?SRFMPQ?QQCQQ RFCMSRAMKCQMDCTCL?QGLEJC"%3 2FCW LCTCPAMKN?PCB?LWAPGKCTGARGKQUFM SQCBESLQBCDCLQGTCJWUGRFTGARGKQUFM BGB LMR 'LQRC?B SQGLE ? JMA?J .FGJ?BCJNFG? Q?KNJC RFCW KCPCJW AMKN?PCB NCMNJC UFM UCPC QFMR GL ?QQ?SJRQUGRFRFCPCQRMDRFCNMNSJ?RGML Id.CKNF?QGQ?BBCB %GDDMPBQ P supra ?R &CKCLU?W1MJLGAI supra, ?R P DMP NNCJJCCQ?R #!$,M AGRGLE!F?PJCQ! P?L?Q CR?J Investigating the Link Between Gun Possession and Gun Assault K ( .S@ &C?JRF ƅ P?L?Q ?PRGAJCƆ
?LBDMSLBRF?RESLNMQQCQQGMLU?QKMPC AMKKML?KMLEESLQFMR?QQ?SJRTGARGKQ RF?L?KMLELMLTGARGKQ 2FC?SRFMPQMDRFC P?L?Q?PRGAJCƅAMLAJSBCBRF?RESL NMQQCQQGMLP?GQCQMLCƃQPGQIQMD@CGLEQFMR Ɔ SRRF?R GQJGICJW?A?QCMDƅPCTCPQCA?SQ?RGML Ɔ QLMRCB?@MTC KMQR QFMMRGLEQ GLTMJTC GLBGTGBS?JQ UGRF APGKGL?J PCAMPBQ QFMMRGLE MRFCP GLBGTGBS?JQ UGRF APGKGL?J PCAMPBQ UFCPC@MRFTGARGK?LBQFMMRCPK?WUCJJ@C ?PKCB -SRQGBCMDESLAMLRPMJNMJCKGAQ CTCPWMLC?EPCCQ RF?R DGPC?PKQ BCRCP APGKGL?JQ 2F?RƃQ UFW UC?JRFW NCMNJC?LBNCPQMLQGLFGEFNMJGRGA?JMDDGACF?TC?PKCB QCASPGRW BCR?GJQ 'RƃQ UFW J?U CLDMPACKCLR MDDGACPQ A?PPW DGPC?PKQ ML BSRW ?LB MDRCL MDD BSRW 'RƃQ ?JQM UFWJ?UCLDMPACKCLRQSNNMPRCBRFCCL?ARKCLRMDRFC *?U #LDMPACKCLR -DDGACP 1?DCRW AR *#-1 ?JJMUGLEOS?JGDGCBASPPCLRMPPCRGPCBMDDGACPQRMA?PPW AMLAC?JCBRFPMSEFMSRRFC3LGRCB1R?RCQPCE?PBJCQQMD JMA?J J?UQ RM RFC AMLRP?PW !?PPWGLE DGPC?PKQ DMP BCDCLQCUMPIQ *?U CLDMPACKCLR MTCPUFCJKGLEJW QSNNMPRQ RFC PGEFR MD J?U ?@GBGLE AGRGXCLQ RM A?PPW AMLAC?JCBDGPC?PKQ 0CQC?PAF QFMUQ RF?R J?U CLDMPACKCLR MDDGACPQ U?LRJ?U ?@GBGLEAGRGXCLQRM@C?PKCB @CA?SQCRFCW ILMU RF?R AMLAC?JCB A?PPW @W RFCK FCJNQ PCBSAC %?PW )JCAI How Hemenway and Solnick Distorted the Effectiveness of Defensive Gun Use SLN?EGL?RCB BGQASQQGLE P?L?Q?PRGAJC?QUCJJ?Q&CKCLU?W?LB1MJLGAI FRRNQ QQPL AMK ?@QRP?AR 3 1 !d ?LB3 1 ! d!
APGKC 2FC L?RGML?J J?U CLDMPACKCLR MPE?LGX?RGML .MJGAC-LCAMLBSARCB?J?PECQSPTCWGL PCACGTGLE PCQNMLQCQ DPMK TCPGDGCB NMJGAC NPMDCQQGML?JQ ?APMQQ?JJP?LIQ?LBBCN?PRKCLRQGXCQ 0CQNMLBCLRQ UCPC?QICBƅ"MWMSQSNNMPRRFCAMLAC?JCBA?PPWMD DGPC?PKQ@WAGTGJG?LQUFMF?TCLMR@CCLAMLTGARCBMD ? DCJMLW ?LB MP LMR @CCL BCCKCB NQWAFMJMEGA?JJW KCBGA?JJW GLA?N?@JC Ɔ2FCPCQSJRQUCPC MTCPUFCJKGLE ȳ MD RFC PCQNMLBCLRQ QCJCARCB ƅ7CQ UGRFMSR OSCQRGML ?LB UGRFMSR DSPRFCP PCQRPGARGMLQ Ɔ 2FCWUCPC?JQM?QICBƅ-L?QA?JCMDMLCRMDGTCƋ FMUGKNMPR?LRBMWMSRFGLIJCE?JJW ?PKCBAGRGXCLQ ?PC RM PCBSAGLE APGKC P?RCQ MTCP?JJƆ -TCPF?JD ȳMDRFCQCNPMDCQQGML?JQ@CJGCTCBJCE?JJW ?PKCB AGRGXCLQ QFMSJB @C EGTCL RFC RMN P?LIGLE QAMPC MD ƅDGTC Ɔ RMR?JMD ȳP?LICBJCE?JJW ?PKCBAGRGXCLQ ?Q@CGLEGLRFCP?LECMDRFPCCRMDGTCMLRFCQA?JCMD GKNMPR?LAC .MJGAC JC?BCPQFGN QF?PCQ RF?R TGCU 'L RFC ,?RGML?J QQMAG?RGML MD !FGCDQ MD .MJGAC NMQRCB RFC PCQSJRQMDRFCGPQR LLS?J1SPTCW UFGAFQSPTCWCB ƅ? @PM?B APMQQ QCARGML MD NPMDCQQGML?J AMKK?LB MDDGACPQ GLTMJTGLE CTCPW QR?RC ?LB CTCPW QGXC
.-*'!#-,# %3,.-*'!7* 5#,$-0!#+#,21304#7 FRRNQ KCBG? ABL JCVGNMJ AMK N=ESLQSPTCWQSKK?PW= NBD Id /SCQRGML Id. /SCQRGML Id.
BCN?PRKCLR Ɔ 5FCL ?QICB ƅA?L OS?JGDGCB J?U ?@GBGLE?PKCBAGRGXCLQFCJNJ?UCLDMPACKCLRPCBSAC TGMJCLR APGKC Ɔ ȳ Q?GB ƅ7CQ Ɔ ?LB MLJW ȳ Q?GB ,M Ɔ0CE?PBGLEAMLAC?JCBA?PPWQNCAGDGA?JJW RFCAFGCDQ ?LBQFCPGDDQUCPC?QICB ƅ"MWMSQSNNMPRL?RGMLUGBC PCAMELGRGML MD QR?RC GQQSCB AMLAC?JCB UC?NML NCPKGRQ Ɔ RMUFGAFȳ?LQUCPCBƅ7CQ ƆQCTCLRGKCQ KMPCRF?LRFCȳUFM?LQUCPCBƅ,M Ɔ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
FRRN UUU L?AMNMLJGLC MPE QSPTCWPCQSJRQ 2FCMSR@PC?IGLFMKGAGBCQ?LBQFMMRGLEQGQSLJGICJWRMF?TC PCQSJRCBDPMK!-4'"MPGLAPC?QCBDGPC?PKQQ?JCQ @SR?NNC?PQ RMQRCKDPMKBC NMJGAGLE .?SJ% !?QQCJJ Explaining the Recent Homicide Spikes in U.S. Cities: The "Minneapolis Effect" and the Decline in Proactive Policing $CB 1CLRƃE0CN
ƅ*?QR WC?P RFC 3LGRCB 1R?RCQ R?JJGCB KMPC RF?L KSPBCPQƁRFC FGEFCQR RMR?J QGLAC ?LB KMPC RF?L GL .PCJGKGL?PW $ ' B?R? DMP NMGLRQRM?ȳQSPECGLKSPBCPQƁRFCJ?PECQR QGLEJC WC?P GLAPC?QC QGLAC RFC ?ECLAW @CE?L NS@JGQFGLESLGDMPKB?R?GL Ɔ ƅ92;FC,CU7MPI.MJGAC"CN?PRKCLRJMEECB DCUCP ?PPCQRQ DPMK (SLC RM "CACK@CP 9MD ;Ɓ? ȳBCAJGLCƆUFGJCRFC!GRWƅ?BBCBKMPCRF?L ?BBGRGML?JFMKGAGBCQ?ȳGLAPC?QC Ɔ$PMK+?W RM+?W RFCLSK@CPMDQFMMRGLETGARGKQGL ,CU7MPI!GRWU?QSN ȳ ?LBGLRFC PMLVRFC LSK@CPU?QSN ȳ +P (MFLQMLPCNMPRCBRF?R $PMK (SLC RFPMSEF RFC CLB MD RFGQ $C@PS?PW !FGA?EMƃQNMJGACK?BC DCUCP ?PPCQRQƁ? ȳ BCAJGLC ?Q KSPBCPQPMQCȳ 'L*MSGQTGJJC FMKGAGBCQ HSKNCB ȳ ?Q RFC NMJGAC K?BCȳDCUCPTCFGAJCQRMNQQGLAC(SLC UFGJC ?PPCQRQ NJSKKCRCB ȳ BSPGLE
(?QML(MFLQML Why violent crime surged after police across America retreated 31 2-" 7 NP FRRNQ UUU SQ?RMB?W AMK QRMPW MNGLGML NMJGAGLE TGM JCLR APGKC QSPECB ?APMQQ ?KCPGA? ?DRCP NMJGAC PCRPC?RCB AMJSKL Id. &C?RFCP+?A"ML?JB A Year After George Floyd’s Murder, It’s “Open Season” in Minneapolis 5 **120##2(-30, *+?W FRRNQ UUU UQH AMK ?PRGAJCQ ? WC?P ?DRCP ECMPEC DJMWBQ KSPBCP GRQ MNCL QC?QML GL KGLLC?NMJGQ
QSKKCPKMLRFQAMKN?PCBUGRF +SPBCPQ@CE?LRMPGT?JRFCKMQRBC?BJWNJ?ACQGL RFC UMPJB MDRCL BGPCARJW RGCB RM ?ARGMLQ @W JMA?J EMTCPLKCLRQ ƅ JPC?BW@JMMBW1R *MSGQFGR? WC?P FMKGAGBCFGEF ?P?RCMDNCP PCQGBCLRQƁ? P?RCRFPCCRGKCQFGEFCPRF?L+CVGAM?LB!CLRP?J KCPGA? Q +GJU?SICC ?LLMSLACB QJ?QFGLE MDDGACPQ DPMK GRQ NMJGAC DMPAC RFC AGRW Q?U ? ȳ GLAPC?QCGLIGJJGLEQ Ɔ .PMQCASRMPQ UFM D?GJCB RM CLDMPAC RFC J?U MDRCL AMLRPG@SRCBRMRFCU?TCMDTGMJCLAC .FGJ?BCJNFG?FGR? WC?PFGEFUGRF FMKGAGBCTGARGKQGL?LBKMPCRF?L GL QM D?P Q NPMEPCQQGTC "GQRPGAR RRMPLCW *?PPW )P?QLCP F?Q BPMNNCB ȳ MD @MRF BPSE ?LB GJJCE?J ESL A?QCQ NMJGAC F?TC PCBSACB TCFGAJC ?LB NCBCQRPG?L QRMNQ @W ȳ .MJGAC !MKKGQQGMLCP "?LGCJJC -SRJ?U EPSBEGLEJW ?BKGRRCB RF?R NS@JGA MDDGAG?JQƃ ?RR?AIQ BCKMP?JGXCB NMJGAC CLAMSP?EGLEBC NMJGAGLE ƅ-TCPRFCQSKKCP .MPRJ?LB+?WMP2CB5FCCJCP ƂBCDSLBCBƃRFC.MPRJ?LB.MJGAC SPC?S@WȵKGJJGML ?LBCJGKGL?RCBRFPCCNMJGACSLGRQ QAF?MQCLESJDCB RFCAGRW QFMMRGLEQUCLRSNȳ?LBKSPBCPQHSKNCB
(MFLQML Why violent crime surged supra. Id. Id.
?L?QRMSLBGLEȳ Ɔ 'RƃQRFCQ?KCQRMPWGLK?LWMRFCPAGRGCQ 'L RJ?LR? ƅ9.;MJGACF?TCGLTCQRGE?RCBFMKGAGBCA?QCQGL ?ȳGLAPC?QCMTCPRFGQRGKCJ?QRWC?PƋ +C?LUFGJC MTCP?JJ ?PPCQRQ ?PC BMUL @W ?@MSR ȳ ?Q RJ?LR?ƃQ NMJGACDMPACPCK?GLQKMPCRF?LMDDGACPQSLBCPGRQ ?SRFMPGXCBJCTCJ Ɔ Q BCQAPG@CB GL RFC 5?JJ 1RPCCR (MSPL?J ƅ+GLLC?NMJGQFMKGAGBCQ@CRUCCL(?L ?LB9J?RC+?W ;UCPCSNȳAMKN?PCBUGRFRFCQ?KCNCPGMB GL QFMMRGLEQ UCPC SN ȳ ?LB A?PH?AIGLEQ ȳ 2FCAPGKCGLAPC?QC@CE?L?DRCP$JMWBƃQBC?RF ?LBF?QLCTCPJCRSN Ɔ *MQ LECJCQ1FCPGDD JCV4GJJ?LSCT?PCNMPRCBML (SLC RF?RKSPBCPQGLRFCAMSLRWF?TCQNGICB @W ȳ QM D?P RFGQ WC?P AMKN?PCB RM RFC Q?KC NCPGMB GL 4GJJ?LSCT? @J?KCB NMJGRGAG?LQ ?LB ASRQ RM RFC * 1"ƃQ @SBECR QR?RGLE RF?R * 1"ƃQ @SBECRU?QASR@WȵKGJJGML ?QRFCPCQSJRMDUFGAF RFC BCN?PRKCLR JMQR NMQGRGMLQ UGRF ?L ?BBGRGML?J NJ?LLCB BCDSLBGLE @W RFC M?PB MD 1SNCPTGQMPQMDȵKGJJGML
Id. 1F?BBG @SQ?GB After historically deadly 2020, Atlanta homicides are up nearly 60% in 2021 2* ,2 (-30, * !-,12'232'-,(SLC FRRNQ UUU ?HA AMK LCUQ ?DRCP FGQRMPGA?JJW BC?BJW ?RJ?LR? FMKGAGBCQ ?PC SN LC?PJW GL ,0(-)/8!84-!,&"1# ȴ=@J?LI +?A"ML?JB A Year After George Floyd’s Murder supra. 1RCNF?LGC.?EMLCQ Over 440 LA County deputies have left this year, as sheriff calls violence, homelessness “existential threats,”$-6,#51(SL FRRNQ UUU DMVLCUQ AMK SQ
4GJJ?LSCT??LLMSLACBRF?RFGQBCN?PRKCLRUMSJB @CGQQSGLEKMPCAMLAC?JCBA?PPWNCPKGRQ ?LBRGCBRF?R BCAGQGMLRMRFCGLAPC?QCGLAPGKC ƅ5CƃPCPCAMELGXGLE RF?RRFCRFPC?RRMRFCPCQGBCLRQGQGLAPC?QGLE QMUCƃPC PCQNMLBGLE ?AAMPBGLEJW Ɔ FC Q?GB !GRGXCLQ F?TC PCAMELGXCB RFGQ RMM ?LB GL DGPC?PKQ Q?JCQ PMAICRCB RM KMPC RF?L RUCLRW MLC KGJJGML ?L SLNPCACBCLRCBȳGLAPC?QCMTCP 'L RFC @CQR MD RGKCQ NMJGAC A?LLMR NPMRCAR KMQR GLBGTGBS?JQ DPMK ?RR?AI 5GRF K?LW AGRGCQ NSJJGLE @?AINMJGACNPMRCARGML AGRGXCLQ?PCJCDRMLRFCGPMUL CTCL KMPC MDRCL 2FC PGEFR MD ?PKCB QCJD BCDCLQC CLQFPGLCB GL RFC 1CAMLB KCLBKCLR QFMSJB @C AMLDGPKCB@WRFGQ!MSPRRMNPMRCARRFCPGEFRRMA?PPW UFCPCGRGQKMQRDPCOSCLRJWLCCBCBMSRQGBCRFCFMKC !-,!*31'-, 2FCBCAGQGML@CJMUQFMSJB@CPCTCPQCB
JMQ ?LECJCQ AMSLRW BCNSRGCQ QFCPGDD TGMJCLAC FMKCJCQQLCQQ 1RCNF?LGC.?EMLCQ Murder in LA County jumps over 95% so far this year, concealed carry permits on the rise: sheriff $-6 ,#51(SL FRRNQ UUU DMVLCUQ AMK SQ KSPBCPQ JMQ ?LECJCQ AMSLRW AMKN?PCB QFCPGDD Q?WQ (MC ?PRMXXG Taking Stock of Record-Setting 2020 Firearm Year ,11$(?L FRRNQ UUU LQQD MPE ?PRGAJCQ R?IGLE QRMAI MD PCAMPB QCRRGLE DGPC?PK WC?P
0CQNCARDSJJWQS@KGRRCB "?L+ .CRCPQML "?L+ .CRCPQML.**! !F?GL PGBEC0M?B 1SGRC $?GPD?V 4GPEGLG? B?L B?LNCRCPQMLJ?U AMK !MSLQCJDMPAmici Curiae (SJW