U.S. V. Microsoft-An Economic Analysis
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Declaration of James Johnson and Exhibits
Case 1:07-cv-00312-GBD-MHD Document 262 Filed 06/23/15 Page 1 of 51 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– x : Civil Action No.: 07-CV-00312-GBD : IN RE CELESTICA INC. SEC. LITIG. : (ECF CASE) : : Hon. George B. Daniels : ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– x DECLARATION OF JAMES W. JOHNSON IN SUPPORT OF CLASS REPRESENTATIVES’ MOTION FOR FINAL APPROVAL OF PROPOSED CLASS ACTION SETTLEMENT AND PLAN OF ALLOCATION AND CLASS COUNSEL’S MOTION FOR AWARD OF ATTORNEYS’ FEES AND PAYMENT OF LITIGATION EXPENSES Case 1:07-cv-00312-GBD-MHD Document 262 Filed 06/23/15 Page 2 of 51 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. PRELIMINARY STATEMENT: THE SIGNIFICANT RECOVERY ACHIEVED .........................................................................................................................2 II. FACTUAL SUMMARY OF THE CLAIMS ......................................................................4 III. RELEVANT PROCEDURAL HISTORY ..........................................................................6 A. Initial Complaints and Appointment of Lead Plaintiffs ...........................................6 B. The Complaint and Motions to Dismiss ..................................................................7 C. Appeal to the Second Circuit Court of Appeals .......................................................8 D. Extensive Fact Discovery ......................................................................................10 E. Discovery Propounded on Lead Plaintiffs .............................................................14 -
(Hardening) De Navegadores Web Más Utilizados
UNIVERSIDAD DON BOSCO VICERRECTORÍA DE ESTUDIOS DE POSTGRADO TRABAJO DE GRADUACIÓN Endurecimiento (Hardening) de navegadores web más utilizados. Caso práctico: Implementación de navegadores endurecidos (Microsoft Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox y Google Chrome) en un paquete integrado para Microsoft Windows. PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE: MAESTRO EN SEGURIDAD Y GESTION DEL RIESGO INFORMATICO ASESOR: Mg. JOSÉ MAURICIO FLORES AVILÉS PRESENTADO POR: ERICK ALFREDO FLORES AGUILAR Antiguo Cuscatlán, La Libertad, El Salvador, Centroamérica Febrero de 2015 AGRADECIMIENTOS A Dios Todopoderoso, por regalarme vida, salud y determinación para alcanzar un objetivo más en mi vida. A mi amada esposa, que me acompaño durante toda mi carrera, apoyó y comprendió mi dedicación de tiempo y esfuerzo a este proyecto y nunca dudó que lo concluiría con bien. A mis padres y hermana, que siempre han sido mis pilares y me enseñaron que lo mejor que te pueden regalar en la vida es una buena educación. A mis compañeros de trabajo, que mediante su esfuerzo extraordinario me han permitido contar con el tiempo necesario para dedicar mucho más tiempo a la consecución de esta meta. A mis amigos de los que siempre he tenido una palabra de aliento cuando la he necesitado. A mi supervisor y compañeros de la Escuela de Computación de la Universidad de Queens por facilitarme espacio, recursos, tiempo e información valiosa para la elaboración de este trabajo. A mi asesor de tesis, al director del programa de maestría y mis compañeros de la carrera, que durante estos dos años me han ayudado a lograr esta meta tan importante. Erick Alfredo Flores Aguilar INDICE I. -
Tim Berners-Lee, Lauréat Du Prix Turing 2016 Pour Avoir Inventé... Le Web Fabien Gandon
Pour tout le monde : Tim Berners-Lee, lauréat du prix Turing 2016 pour avoir inventé... le Web Fabien Gandon To cite this version: Fabien Gandon. Pour tout le monde : Tim Berners-Lee, lauréat du prix Turing 2016 pour avoir inventé... le Web. 1024 : Bulletin de la Société Informatique de France, Société Informatique de France, 2017, <http://www.societe-informatique-de-france.fr/bulletin/1024-numero-11/>. <hal-01623368> HAL Id: hal-01623368 https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01623368 Submitted on 25 Oct 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. PRIX ET DISTINCTIONS Pour tout le monde : Tim Berners-Lee, lauréat du prix Turing 2016 pour avoir inventé... le Web Fabien Gandon 1 Introduction « Je suis moi et mes circonstances. » – Jose Ortega Quel pourrait être un point commun entre se renseigner à propos d’un concert, effectuer un virement depuis son compte bancaire, publier une base de données gé- nomiques, échanger avec ses enfants à l’autre bout du monde et accéder aux données de sa voiture [1] ? Le fait de pouvoir le faire à travers le Web. Il est en effet difficile de trouver une activité humaine qui n’ait pas été impactée par le Web et, alors que j’écris cet article en avril 2017, on estime que le Web compte plus de trois milliards d’uti- lisateurs directs de par le monde. -
Graceful Language Extensions and Interfaces
Graceful Language Extensions and Interfaces by Michael Homer A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Victoria University of Wellington 2014 Abstract Grace is a programming language under development aimed at ed- ucation. Grace is object-oriented, imperative, and block-structured, and intended for use in first- and second-year object-oriented programming courses. We present a number of language features we have designed for Grace and implemented in our self-hosted compiler. We describe the design of a pattern-matching system with object-oriented structure and minimal extension to the language. We give a design for an object-based module system, which we use to build dialects, a means of extending and restricting the language available to the programmer, and of implementing domain-specific languages. We show a visual programming interface that melds visual editing (à la Scratch) with textual editing, and that uses our dialect system, and we give the results of a user experiment we performed to evaluate the usability of our interface. ii ii Acknowledgments The author wishes to acknowledge: • James Noble and David Pearce, his supervisors; • Andrew P. Black and Kim B. Bruce, the other designers of Grace; • Timothy Jones, a coauthor on a paper forming part of this thesis and contributor to Minigrace; • Amy Ruskin, Richard Yannow, and Jameson McCowan, coauthors on other papers; • Daniel Gibbs, Jan Larres, Scott Weston, Bart Jacobs, Charlie Paucard, and Alex Sandilands, other contributors to Minigrace; • Gilad Bracha, Matthias Felleisen, and the other (anonymous) review- ers of papers forming part of this thesis; • the participants in his user study; • and Roma Klapaukh, Juanri Barnard, Alexandra Donnison, Amy Chard, and Timothy Jones for providing feedback on drafts of this thesis. -
Infighting Unravels Alliance Seeking Standard to Protect Internet Purchases Sandberg, Jared
Infighting unravels alliance seeking standard to protect Internet purchases Sandberg, Jared . Wall Street Journal , Eastern edition; New York, N.Y. [New York, N.Y]28 Sep 1995: B10. ProQuest document link ABSTRACT (ABSTRACT) The consortium brought together such top players as credit-card rivals Visa International and MasterCard International Inc., software titan Microsoft Corp. and Internet upstart Netscape Communications Corp. But this week, the alliance split because of tensions between Visa and MasterCard and their respective technology partners -- Microsoft and Netscape. Microsoft and Visa this week published a detailed description of a credit-card standard -- but with MasterCard conspicuously absent. MasterCard and Netscape now argue, in essence, that the Microsoft-Visa team is withholding the technical design to keep its approach "proprietary" and charge software developers and financial institutions to use it. "We're disappointed that Microsoft and Visa have opted unilaterally to take this approach," a MasterCard spokeswoman said. She said the Microsoft-Visa details were incomplete, thwarting banks and software firms developing new applications. MasterCard said it refused to take part in the Visa announcement because it is "contrary" to the plans for a "single open standard." ABSTRACT A consortium to develop a technical standard for protecting credit-card purchases on the Internet has unraveled because of tensions between Visa International and MasterCard International Inc and their respective technology partners, Microsoft Corp and Netscape Communications Corp. After Visa and Microsoft published a detailed description of a credit-card standard, Mastercard and Netscape are arguing that the Microsoft-Visa team is withholding the technical design. FULL TEXT NEW YORK -- A major alliance to develop a technical standard for protecting credit-card purchases on the Internet has unraveled amid bickering between a handful of heavyweights. -
Of the United States District Court for the District
Case 2:04-cv-01045-JFM Document 61-2 Filed 08/08/11 Page 1 of 25 APPENDIX B This Appendix explains why the Findings of Fact (“Findings”) of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia in the case United States v. Microsoft Corp., 84 F. Supp. 2d 9 (D.D.C. 1999) (the “Government case”), that the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit affirmed in United States v. Microsoft Corp., 253 F.3d 34 (D.C. Cir. 2001), for which Novell seeks preclusion are (1) material to the issues in this case and (2) necessary to the determinations from the Government case that were affirmed by the D.C. Circuit. The text of the Findings is quoted in Appendix C. The offense of monopolization has two elements: “(1) the possession of monopoly power in the relevant market and (2) the willful acquisition or maintenance of that power as distinguished from growth or development as a consequence of a superior product, business acumen, or historic accident.” United States v. Grinnell Corp., 384 U.S. 563, 570-71 (1966). The D.C. Circuit affirmed the D.C. District Court’s determination that Microsoft Corporation (“Microsoft”) engaged in illegal acts of monopolization for the purpose of thwarting the threat posed by middleware software applications to Microsoft’s monopoly in the personal computer (“PC”) operating systems market. The D.C. District Court based its determination on rulings, also affirmed by the D.C. Circuit, regarding: the definition of the relevant market; Microsoft’s dominant share in the relevant market; the existence of a barrier to entry; Microsoft’s possession of monopoly power; the exclusionary effect of Microsoft’s conduct; the lack of procompetitive justification for Microsoft’s conduct; and the harm caused to competition and consumers. -
Graceful Language Extensions and Interfaces
Graceful Language Extensions and Interfaces by Michael Homer A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Victoria University of Wellington 2014 Abstract Grace is a programming language under development aimed at ed- ucation. Grace is object-oriented, imperative, and block-structured, and intended for use in first- and second-year object-oriented programming courses. We present a number of language features we have designed for Grace and implemented in our self-hosted compiler. We describe the design of a pattern-matching system with object-oriented structure and minimal extension to the language. We give a design for an object-based module system, which we use to build dialects, a means of extending and restricting the language available to the programmer, and of implementing domain-specific languages. We show a visual programming interface that melds visual editing (à la Scratch) with textual editing, and that uses our dialect system, and we give the results of a user experiment we performed to evaluate the usability of our interface. ii ii Acknowledgments The author wishes to acknowledge: • James Noble and David Pearce, his supervisors; • Andrew P. Black and Kim B. Bruce, the other designers of Grace; • Timothy Jones, a coauthor on a paper forming part of this thesis and contributor to Minigrace; • Amy Ruskin, Richard Yannow, and Jameson McCowan, coauthors on other papers; • Daniel Gibbs, Jan Larres, Scott Weston, Bart Jacobs, Charlie Paucard, and Alex Sandilands, other contributors to Minigrace; • Gilad Bracha, Matthias Felleisen, and the other (anonymous) review- ers of papers forming part of this thesis; • the participants in his user study; • David Streader, John Grundy, and Laurence Tratt, examiners of the thesis; • and Alexandra Donnison, Amy Chard, Juanri Barnard, Roma Kla- paukh, and Timothy Jones, for providing feedback on drafts of this thesis. -
"Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations
Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations Chapter 17 The Wintel Standards-based Platform Carliss Y. Baldwin Working Paper 20-055 Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations Chapter 17 The Wintel Standards-based Platform Carliss Y. Baldwin Harvard Business School Working Paper 20-055 Copyright © 2019 by Carliss Y. Baldwin Working papers are in draft form. This working paper is distributed for purposes of comment and discussion only. It may not be reproduced without permission of the copyright holder. Copies of working papers are available from the author. Funding for this research was provided in part by Harvard Business School. © Carliss Y. Baldwin Comments welcome. Please do not circulate or quote. Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations Chapter 17 The Wintel Standards-based Platform By Carliss Y. Baldwin Note to Readers: This is a draft of Chapter 17 of Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations. It builds on prior chapters, but I believe it is possible to read this chapter on a stand-alone basis. The chapter may be cited as: Baldwin, C. Y. (2019) “The Wintel Standards-based Platform,” HBS Working Paper (November 2019). I would be most grateful for your comments on any aspect of this chapter! Thank you in advance, Carliss. Abstract The purpose of this chapter is to use the theory of bottlenecks laid out in previous chapters to better understand the dynamics of an open standards-based platform. I describe how the Wintel platform evolved from 1990 through 2000 under joint sponsorship of Intel and Microsoft. I first describe a series of technical bottlenecks that arose in the early 1990s concerning the “bus architecture” of IBM-compatible PCs. -
United States V.Microsoft
United States v. Microsoft 1 United States v. Microsoft United States vs. Microsoft was a set of consolidated civil actions filed against Microsoft Corporation pursuant to the Sherman Antitrust Act on May 18, 1998 by the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) and 20 U.S. states. Joel I. Klein was the lead prosecutor. The plaintiffs alleged that Microsoft abused monopoly power on Intel-based personal computers in its handling of operating system sales and web browser sales. The issue central to the case was whether Microsoft was allowed to bundle its flagship Internet Explorer (IE) web browser software with its Microsoft Windows operating system. Bundling them together is alleged to have been responsible for Microsoft's victory in the browser wars as every Windows user had a copy of Internet Explorer. It was further alleged that this restricted the market for competing web browsers (such as Netscape Navigator or Opera) that were slow to download over a modem or had to be purchased at a store. Underlying these disputes were questions over whether Microsoft altered or manipulated its application programming interfaces (APIs) to favor Internet Explorer over third party web browsers, Microsoft's conduct in forming restrictive licensing agreements with original equipment manufacturer (OEMs), and Microsoft's intent in its course of conduct. Microsoft stated that the merging of Microsoft Windows and Internet Explorer was the result of innovation and competition, that the two were now the same product and were inextricably linked together and that consumers were now getting all the benefits of IE for free. Those who opposed Microsoft's position countered that the browser was still a distinct and separate product which did not need to be tied to the operating system, since a separate version of Internet Explorer was available for Mac OS. -
Utilizing Hardware Monitoring to Improve the Quality of Service and Performance of Industrial Systems
1 Mälardalen University Press Dissertations No. 270 UTILIZING HARDWARE MONITORING TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF SERVICE AND PERFORMANCE OF INDUSTRIAL SYSTEMS Marcus Jägemar 2018 School of Innovation, Design and Engineering 2 Copyright © Marcus Jägemar, 2018 ISBN 978-91-7485-395-7 ISSN 1651-4238 Printed by E-Print AB, Stockholm, Sweden 3 4 5 Antligen!¨ 1 My own translation: Finally! — Gert Fylking, 2000 [107] 1The debater Gert Fylking attended the Nobel literature prize announcement several consecutive years (2000–2002) and exclamated “finally” when the winner was announced. His comment implied that the prize winner was unknown for the people that didn’t belonging to the cultural elite. In this thesis we interpret the quote explicitly, that the thesis is finished at last! 6 7 Abstract HE drastically increased use of information and communications tech- nology has resulted in a growing demand for telecommunication net- T work capacity. The demand for radically increased network capacity coincides with industrial cost-reductions due to an increasingly competitive telecommunication market. In this thesis, we have addressed the capacity and cost-reduction problems in three ways. Our first contribution is a method to support shorter development cycles for new functionality and more powerful hardware. We reduce the development time by replicating the hardware utilization of production systems in our test environment. Having a realistic test environment allows us to run performance tests at early design phases and therefore reducing the overall system develop- ment time. Our second contribution is a method to improve the communication per- formance through selective and automatic message compression. The message compression functionality monitors transmissions continuously and selects the most efficient compression algorithm. -
Internet Explorer
Internet Explorer From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Windows Internet Explorer Wikipedia's Main Page in Windows Internet Explorer 7 running on Windows Vista. Developed by Microsoft Initial release August 1995 (12–13 years ago) Latest release 7.0.5730.13 (Windows XP/Windows 2003 Server) 7.0.6001.18000 (Windows Vista SP1) / 2008 Preview release 8.0.6001.17184 (IE8, Beta 1) / March 5, 2008 OS Microsoft Windows Mac OS System 7 to Mac OS X (discontinued) Solaris and HP-UX (discontinued) Genre Web browser and RSS Reader License Proprietary EULA Website microsoft.com/ie Windows Internet Explorer (formerly Microsoft Internet Explorer abbreviated MSIE), commonly abbreviated to IE, is a series of graphical web browsers developed by Microsoft and included as part of the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems starting in 1995. It has been the most widely used web browser since 1999, attaining a peak of about 95% usage share during 2002 and 2003 with IE5 and 6 but steadily declining since, despite the introduction of IE7. Microsoft spent over 100 million dollars (USD) a year [1] in the late 1990s, with over 1000 people working on IE by 1999. [2] Internet Explorer was first released as part of the add-on package Plus! for Windows 95. Later versions were available as free downloads, or in service packs, and included in the OEM service releases of Windows 95 and later versions of Windows. The most recent release is version 7.0, which is available as a free update for Windows XP Service Pack 2, and Windows Server 2003 with Service Pack 1 or later, Windows Vista, and Windows Server 2008. -
Neural Interface and the Future of Human-Computer Interaction | Thomas Reardon Do Not Try and Bend the Spoon
Neural Interface and the Future of Human-Computer Interaction | Thomas Reardon Do not try and bend the spoon. That's impossible. Instead, only March 11th, 2019 realize the truth... there is no spoon. Then you will see that it not the spoon that bends, it is yourself. – The Matrix INTRODUCTION Thomas Reardon is CEO & Co-Founder of CTRL-Labs, a company that builds transformative brain-machine/neural interfaces whose work spans the intersection of computational neuroscience, statistics, machine learning, biophysics, hardware, and human-computer interaction. He was previously CEO and Co-Founder of Avogadro, Inc., acquired by Openwave where he served as CTO, and creator of the Internet Explorer project at Microsoft. He’s a founding Board Member of World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), has 7 patents, and was an MIT “Top 35 Young Innovator” in 2004. Dr. Reardon has an undergraduate degree in Classics from Columbia and split his PhD in Neuroscience between Columbia and Duke University. He is one of 18 siblings. WHAT IS BMI? Brain-machine Interface (BMI) — also known as a brain-computer interface (BCI) or neural interface, is a direct communication pathway between an enhanced or wired brain and an external device. BMI differs from neuromodulation in that it allows for bidirectional information flow. BMIs are often directed at researching, mapping, assisting, augmenting, or repairing human cognitive or sensory- motor functions. Research on BMIs began in the 1970s at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) under a grant from the National Science Foundation, followed by a contract from DARPA. The papers published after this research also mark the first appearance of the expression brain– computer interface in scientific literature.