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1988Vol8no.6

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1988Vol8no.6 JB BY-ELECTION THE PEOPLE'S VERDICT The Giant Stumbles ... 2; A Communal Twist . 7: The Task Ahead ... 9 ; JB Voters vs Mahathir's 3Ms ... 10 ; Election Rumba-ba ... 13; Letters ... 14; New Kenyan Law to Make it Easier to Sack Judges ... 32; £1 Bil. Anns Deal Nearer ... 33; CracKdown: One Year After ... 35. Doctor for Justice? ... 38; NZ MPs' Petition: The PM Replies ... 39; "Our Petition Was Not Filed At the Request of David" . 42; Rasuah: Tiada Azam Politik Untuk Menghapuskannya ... 43: Current Comment ... 44; The Marathon Task of Multi-ethnic Living . 48. Dewan Jubli lntan, JB, where the counting of votes determined for the Barisan its ' worst defeat in history. TH p v Dl ' Many Malaysians rejoiced in the uutcome of the JB by-election. Here, Aliran member S.P. SUBRAMANIAM writes that it was more than glee over the triumph of an underdog over the big bully, but a definite vote of protest against growing authoritarianism. Shahrir trium hs over BN in JB E I STU L s he Johor Baru (JB) by-election on Aug 25, Heated Campaign 1988 may turn out to be a watershed in Three candidates contested in the by-election. s~·!> Malaysian politics. The ruling Barisan Mas'ud Abdul Rahman, PSRM's Abdul Razak Ahmad Nasional (BN) candidate was trounced in and Shahrir Samad, who contested as an independent what had until then been considered a BN candidate. Long before the nomination day. Aliran stronghold. In this article, we will first examine the called for a straight fight between a candidate asl.OCiated campaign issues briefly. Then we will analyse the with the authoritarian trend of the Mahathlr regrrne and election results in some detail. Finally, we will look into another opposed to it. It suggested that Shahrir v.as in some of the repercussions that may arise from the the best position to represent the latter. In a Press outcome of the JB by-election. statement issued on Aug 3, I 988, Aliran said that .. the 2 man in I he street, it appears, wants !he by-election 10 be the Press nor the electronic media. Instead. the media a straight fight between Umno Baru and Shahrir". DAP. exaggerated the numbers attending B ceramahs and which initially wanted to contest the by-election, downplaycd the siLe ol the crowds at ShaJ1rir's apparently heeded lhe message. However, PSRM did not ceramahs. and sadly, its candidate, Abdul Ra7ak lost his deposit Another example of media manipulation by the BN for ignoring the senliments of the ordinary voters of JB. Government was the abuse of TV by Mahathir to a !tack As far as BN was concerned, the main issue was one Datuk Musa Jess than 48 hours before the election. In his of continued development. It claimed that the economic speech whtch was televised on both TV3 and RTMl. Dr boom currently experienced by JB was largely due to Mahathir made a vitriolic and personal attack on Datuk the efforts of the ruling party. It tried to entice voters Musa, accusing him ol spreading lies and falsehoods. In by promising the JB-Singapore Causeway. Highway tolls particular. he challenged Datuk Musa to swear on the and rentals on some Government Oats were reduced. BN Koran as w the truth of some of the claims made against leaders also warned that If an opposllton candidate won, him (Mahathlr). The challenge was greatly highlighted in the economic boom would come to an end since the medta. which totally ignored Datuk Musa's investors from Singapore would be scared off. acceptance of the challenge. J le said he was prepared to Shahrir and his supporters countered this argument swear on the Koran in any mosque that everything said by asserting that investors from Singapore come to in his video tape was true. Fortunately, ShaJuir's Johor because of low exchange rates and c~eaper land supporters were able to dislnbute copies of Datuk and labour. Musa's acceptance of the challenge among the voters, To Shahrir's group, there was only one issue: t11c thus effectively nullifying Dr Mabathir's efforts to leadership of Dr Muhathir Mohamad. They strongly discredit his former deputy. criticised Mahathir for destroying the independence of RTM showed Its biasncss even when it came to the Judiciary by removing the Lord President and announcing the results. AI about 2.30 am on 1he suspending five Supreme Court judges. The split in morning of Aug 26. when it became clear thar BN was Umno and sUbsequent demise of UMNO Lama was heading for one of its worst defeats 111 history, RTM attributed to Dr Mahathir's dictatorial tendencies. suddenly slopped trammission without announcing the ln his campaign effort, SbaJ1rir was supported by results. What was even more ridiculous was that the 4.30 Tengku Razaleig11 and other Umno leaders from Team B. am radio news on the nationaJ network failed to In addition. Tunku Abdul Rahman personally went to mention anything about the by-election. The results JB to campaign for Shahrir. He was there in his were only announced on the 6.30 am news in one single wheelchair on nomination day to address a huge sentence, somewhere during the middle of the news. gathet ing of ShaJuir's supporters. Former deputy Prime Contrast this treatment with the hype and hoopla Minister Datuk Musa Hitam also supported Shahrir's that surrounded the coverage of the by-election before campaig~ by producing a video tape highly criticaJ of the results were in! Imagine how the reporting would Dr. Mahathir's style of administralion. This video tape have been if BN had won!! was widely circulated in JB. Another source of support However, it is doubtful whether the average for Shahrir's group was DAP. which urged its supponers Malaysian really believes everything that he or she reads to vo.te for Shah rit. in the newspapers and sees on TV. The BN controlled media is rapidly losing whatever little credibility it had. -· ~~ c Election day saw the lowest turnout in the history of Media coverage of the campaign was incredibly one­ the JB constituency with only 61.5 per cent of the sided and distorted. The distortion spewed out by the registered voters cast in~ their ballots (Table I). Two BN controlled media extended from nomination day important points that have to br made of the result: right until the results were announced. In reporting the the siLe of the BN's defeat and the multi-ethnic nature nomination day procession. the New Straits Times of the protest vote. (NST) claimed that the B\/ procession had 10,000 supporters while Shahrir's supporters numbered only about 7 ,000. According to reliable eye-witness reports, Shahrir's procession had more than 20,000 supporters, more than twice the size of the reported BN crowd. The NST gave lhe lion's share of coverage to BN. even PSRM's Razak was given more space than Shahrir. So, if someone had depended on the NST, RTM or 1V3 to forecast the results, he or she would naturally have concluded that the BN candidate was going to win with PSRM doing fairly well. The actual results were just the opposite! During campaign, BN leaders themselves admitted that attendance at BN ceramahs was very poor. This was in sharp contrast to Shahiir's ceramahs, where the halls The usuaJ road re-surfacing works failed to hoodwink were packed with people. Yet this was not highlighted in the people. 3 \ 8:\ leaders admitted their ceramahs could nor draw the CfO\\d~ B . The loss suffered by BN was not a .. small defeat'' as put by MCA president Dr Ling Liong Sik the next day. It was one of the worst defeats BN suffered in history. Ma'sud Abdul Rahman obtained only 29.8 per cent of the total valid votes cast. In the 1982 general elections, tht're was not a single Parliamentary constitl!ency in Marina Yusuf speakmg at a o;;.ell-auendcd ceramah. Malaysia, where BN got a percentage lower than that. Even in the 1986 general elections, where the Opposition did better, there was only one constituency in Peninsular Malaysia, where a BN candidate got less than 30 percent of the valid votes cast. {This was in Bukit Bintang where Lhe candidate Yap Fook Ming got only 16.2 percent of the popular votes in contrast to 83.8 percent obtained by DAP's L~c Lam Thye). BN has performed better even in DAP strongholds like Kinta Vallt'y, Penang, Malacca and the federal Territory. The defeat is all the more serious for BN given the following three factors wruch were in Its favour. First, traditionally in Malaysian by-elections, BN had I performed better 'than in general elections in any constituency. Thls was due to its ability to concentrate the entire resources of the party, as well as of the State. in a single constituency. They bring in all their Ministers and other big-wigs to bribe, cajole, persuade and even threaten voters. The magnitude of their resources was clearly illustrated in JB. Unfortunately tor them, this was one of the rare instances when BN's well-rehearsed techniques of intimidation and bribery failed. Let us hope this is the beginning of a new trend among Malaysian voters. Secondly. Johore Raru and Johor State in general, Waiting for the election result "'hi.::h R1 M sudden I} has, traditionally been a BN stronghold. For instance, fa1led to trammit 4 Table 1 : JB by-election results (6. 1%) Voter tumout DAP's perfom1ance in the urban areas of Johor has not by UMNO Baru leaders to claim that Shahrir's victory been as good as its performance in other large urban was largely due to the support from Chinese voters.
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