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Download 4387.Pdf z Available online at http://www.journalcra.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH International Journal of Current Research Vol. 5, Issue, 12, pp. 3601-3609, December, 2013 ISSN: 0975-833X RESEARCH ARTICLE STUDY OF DIVERSITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS USED BY THE MARING TRIBE OF MANIPUR, NORTH EAST INDIA 1*Rita Nongmaithem and 2Ajit Kr. Das 1Department Ethnobotany and Medicinal Plants Conservation Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar-788011 2Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar-788011 ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: An ethnobotanical programme was conducted in tribal inhabited areas of Manipur state of North- Received 11th September, 2013 eastern India with an aim to document the indigenous knowledge of Maring community of the state. Received in revised form Since, the community is mostly located in hilly areas they depend heavily on plant based medicines 13th October, 2013 for curing their diseases. In this study, a total of 101 plant species belonging to 50 families were Accepted 09th November, 2013 collected which is used by the tribal community in curing their ailments. The study also revealed the Published online 02nd December, 2013 use of some 29 new uses of plants, though earlier mentioned in other works for curing different ailments. A detailed clinical study of some promising plant will bring light in discovering new novel Key words: drugs. Manipur, Ethnobotanical, Maring. Copyright © Rita Nongmaithem and Ajit Kr. Das. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. INTRODUCTION Manipur, a state of northeast India is known for its ecologically distinctive and rich biodiversity, having many Herbal medicines have been used by man since time endemic flora and fauna and rich cultural diversity (Yumnam immemorial, in the treatment of simple ailment like common et al., 2012).The state is inhabited by 33 scheduled tribes and cold to complex ones like cancer. This can be attributed to all the ethnic communities used a large number of wild and high cost of modern health care and side effects of synthetic cultivated plants for curing ailments. Thus, a considerable drugs (Buragohain, 2011). Even today, though tremendous amount of information can be obtained from these groups. The advances have been made in the fields of synthetic organic Maring are one of the small tribal groups of Manipur state. chemistry, technology and biotechnology, still a large section Their name is derived from mei meaning fire and ring meaning of the population rely on traditional medicines (Pfoze et al., to start or produce. Today, the Marings are settled mostly in 2012). Allopathic drugs have brought a revolution throughout Chandel District in the South-Eastern part of the present state the world but the plant based medicines have its own unique of Manipur, bordering Myanmar, but also found scattered in status (Sahu et al., 2010). In fact, herbal medicines are entering places like Senapati, Ukhrul, Churachandpur, Tamenglong, a revival phase today. The local uses of plants as a cure are Thoubal, Imphal east and West Districts of Manipur. They still common particularly in those areas, which have little or no firmly believed in traditional healing and depend on available access to modern health services, such as the innumerable biodiversity for their various day-to-day needs such as tribal villages (Campbell et al., 1997). World Health medicine etc. Most of the medical institutions and healthcare Organization (WHO) has shown great interest in documenting centres in Manipur are also concentrated in Imphal and the the use of medicinal plants from tribes in different parts of the medical facilities in the remote areas are very limited (Jain world (Dev, 1997). The ethnic communities of different age et al., 2007). Several works on ethnobotanical studies listing groups, different gender and spread over different zones reveal wild edible plants, ethnomedicine and bio-folklore from the immense variety in application and mode of treatment (Khan state have been reported (Singh et al., 1988; Singh et al., 1989; and Yadava, 2010). The North-east India is part of both Mao 1993; Sinha 1996; Majumder and Bharroli, 1997; Mao Himalaya as well as Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspots in the 1999; Ashalata et al., 2005; Devi et al., 2010; Devi, 2011; world (Mao et al., 2009. It is considered as the ‘geographical Devi et al., 2011), however not such organized documentation gateway’ for much of India’s flora and fauna, and as a studies on Maring tribe of Manipur have been taken up. consequence the region is one of the richest areas of India in In view of the above an attempt has been made to document biological values (Shankar and Rawat 2006; Mao et al., 2009). the various plants used by the Maring community in treating A large number of ethnic people or tribe are also inhabited in different ailments. This knowledge of medicines is age old and this part of India and possesses vast traditional knowledge on is transmitted orally and such there are no written records. effective herbal medicines (Chakraborty et al., 2012). Also due to rapid urbanization and modern facilities, younger *Corresponding author: Rita Nongmaithem, generation lack interest in such rich indigenous knowledge and Department Ethnobotany and Medicinal Plants Conservation Laboratory, are on the verge of extinction. Therefore, the present studies Assam University, Silchar-788011. 3602 Rita Nongmaithem and Ajit Kr. Das, Study of diversity of medicinal plants used by the Maring tribe of Manipur, north east India have been undertaken on a priority basis. Hence, it can also be expected that the information documented on uses of plants may be used as baseline for future studies on phytochemical and pharmacological investigations (Pfoze et al., 2012). MATERIALS AND METHODS The indigenous tribal community or local herbal practitioners (Thim) were interviewed pertaining to uses of plants for curing their ailments, local name etc. with photographic documentation in their habitat. Interviewed were done orally and by taking them to the field. Herbarium of these plant specimens were prepared by following the standard methods (Jain and Rao, 1977). The authentic identification of the plants were done with the help of the available floristic literature such as Flora of British India vol.1-7 (Hooker, 1872 – 1897); Flora of India, vol. 1– 3 (Sharma et al., Edt. 1993); Flora of Assam, vol. 1-4, (Kanjilal et al., 1934 – 1940); and vol. – 5 (Bor, C) Brynopsis lociniosa Naud 1940); Flora of India, vol. 12 – 13 (Hajra et al., 1995); (Singh et al., 2004);Floristic diversity of Assam (Bora et al., 2003). PLATE-I D)Crotolaria juncea L. A)Andrographis paniculata Wall. ex Nees B)Blumeopsis flava (D. Don) Merr E) Lindernia ruellioides (Colsm.)Pennell 3603 International Journal of Current Research, Vol. 5, Issue, 12, pp. 3601-3609, December, 2013 I) Trichosanthes bracteata (Lam.)Voight Besides these floras, in order to match the specimens for F) Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw. further confirmation and to identify the plants up to species level, the herbarium sheets were taken to the Botanical Survey of India, Eastern Circle, Shillong for consultation and confirmation of the identification. The voucher specimen will be deposited in the Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, in due course of time. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A total of 101 plant species belonging to 50 families has been collected from various settlement areas of the Maring community. These collected plants have been used by the community in curing different ailments, since long back. The information on this rich knowledge has been transferred orally from their forefathers. Asteraceae has been found to be the most frequently occurred family with 11 plant species, followed by Cucurbitaceae with 8 species and Verbenaceae with 7 plant species. Since, most of the hospitals are located in town and lacked of reach of medical facilities in remote areas the people depends mainly on local healers for their day-to-day ailments. As such many plants are used in the formulations of G) Oxalis corniculata L. medicine by the traditional healers, in combination with other ingredients or wholly and given in the form of decoction, tablets, ointments etc. About 17 plants species are used in curing common cold, headache, sore throat and block nose, indicating that these was the most common ailments among the Maring community. Dysuria (painful urination) was the second most common ailments with 10 plant species used in curing it, followed by burnt wound and cut wound with 9 plant species respectively. Women are considered to be the backbone of the family and as such they are accustomed to daily stress and strain. They face many complicacies in life and therefore are concerned about their health. Many plants are used in curing women’s complicacies. Among the documented plants from the Maring community, 7 plant species are used in pregnant related complicacies and dizziness in women. 5 plant species are used in curing leucorrhoea, menstrual disorders and also 5 species are used as blood tonic for women. Sometimes whole plants are used in preparation of medicine while in some case different parts of the plant are used as medicine. The present study also include some list of plant species where the H) Polygonum chinense L. mode of uses were claimed to be new, although it was mentioned in earlier works for different ailments. 3604 Rita Nongmaithem and Ajit Kr. Das, Study of diversity of medicinal plants used by the Maring tribe of Manipur, north east India Table 1. List of plant species used by the Maring Tribe of Manipur, India Scientific name Local name Parts used Habit Uses Achyranthes aspera L. Khujumpere Leaves Herb Leaves extract is prescribed is stomach pain, piles. It is (Amaranthaceae) also used in insect bites.
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