European Coal Resources: a Geographical Database and Map of EU Coal Basins Including Potential Sources of Coal Bed Methane Based on a Harmonised Typology
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Petrographic and Vitrinite Reflectance Analyses of a Suite of High Volatile Bituminous Coal Samples from the United States and Venezuela
Petrographic and vitrinite reflectance analyses of a suite of high volatile bituminous coal samples from the United States and Venezuela Open-File Report 2008-1230 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior Dirk A. Kempthorne, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark D. Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 2008 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Suggested citation: Hackley, P.C., Kolak, J.J., 2008, Petrographic and vitrinite reflectance analyses of a suite of high volatile bituminous coal samples from the United States and Venezuela: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1230, 36 p., http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1230. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report. ii Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................1 Methods ..............................................................................................................................................................................1 -
Vitrinite Recycling: Diagnostic Criteria and Reflectance Changes During Weathering and Reburial
Vitrinite recycling: diagnostic criteria and reflectance changes during weathering and reburial. Pierre Nzoussi - Mbassani, Yoann Copard, Jean-Robert Disnar To cite this version: Pierre Nzoussi - Mbassani, Yoann Copard, Jean-Robert Disnar. Vitrinite recycling: diagnostic criteria and reflectance changes during weathering and reburial.. International Journal of Coal Geology, Elsevier, 2005, 61, pp.223-239. 10.1016/j.coal.2004.08.002. hal-00023485 HAL Id: hal-00023485 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00023485 Submitted on 23 May 2006 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Vitrinite recycling: diagnostic criteria and reflectance changes during weathering and reburial P. Nzoussi-Mbassani, Y. Copard and J.R. Disnar Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO- UMR 6113 du CNRS, Université d'Orléans, Bâtiment de Géosciences, 45067 Orléans cedex 2, France Keywords: Recycled vitrinite; Autochthonous vitrinite; Vitrinite reflectance; Senegalese basin; Ardèche margin; Weathering Abstract The aim of this study was first to review or even identify reliable diagnostic criteria to distinguish recycled and autochthonous vitrinite particles and, second, to examine and try to explain the impact of weathering and reburial on optical changes (reflectance) of recycled material. -
Coal Characteristics
CCTR Indiana Center for Coal Technology Research COAL CHARACTERISTICS CCTR Basic Facts File # 8 Brian H. Bowen, Marty W. Irwin The Energy Center at Discovery Park Purdue University CCTR, Potter Center, 500 Central Drive West Lafayette, IN 47907-2022 http://www.purdue.edu/dp/energy/CCTR/ Email: [email protected] October 2008 1 Indiana Center for Coal Technology Research CCTR COAL FORMATION As geological processes apply pressure to peat over time, it is transformed successively into different types of coal Source: Kentucky Geological Survey http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/images/peatcoal.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/coalform.htm&h=354&w=579&sz= 20&hl=en&start=5&um=1&tbnid=NavOy9_5HD07pM:&tbnh=82&tbnw=134&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcoal%2Bphotos%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX 2 Indiana Center for Coal Technology Research CCTR COAL ANALYSIS Elemental analysis of coal gives empirical formulas such as: C137H97O9NS for Bituminous Coal C240H90O4NS for high-grade Anthracite Coal is divided into 4 ranks: (1) Anthracite (2) Bituminous (3) Sub-bituminous (4) Lignite Source: http://cc.msnscache.com/cache.aspx?q=4929705428518&lang=en-US&mkt=en-US&FORM=CVRE8 3 Indiana Center for Coal Technology Research CCTR BITUMINOUS COAL Bituminous Coal: Great pressure results in the creation of bituminous, or “soft” coal. This is the type most commonly used for electric power generation in the U.S. It has a higher heating value than either lignite or sub-bituminous, but less than that of anthracite. Bituminous coal -
HELE Coal Technology Roadmap -- Process
HELE Coal Technology Roadmap -- Process Keith Burnard Energy Technology Policy Division International Energy Agency IEA, Paris, 8-9 June 2011 © OECD/IEA 2010 IEA Technology Roadmaps To date: Biofuels; Buildings; CCS; CSP; Cement; E&PIH Vehicles; Nuclear; Smart Grids; SPP; Wind © OECD/IEA 2010 Key technologies for reducing energy-related CO2 emissions 2 60 Baseline emissions 57 Gt 55 End-use fuel and electricity Gt CO Gt efficiency 38% 50 End-use fuel switching 15% 45 40 Power generation efficiency and 35 fuel switching 5% 30 Nuclear 6% 25 Renewables 17% 20 15 BLUE Map emissions 14 Gt CCS 19% 10 5 0 2010 Perspectives Technology Energy IEA 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 source: Analysis underpins development of technology roadmaps. © OECD/IEA 2010 The role of coal in meeting recent growth in energy demand World's Average Annual Growth Rates in Primary Energy Increase in PrimaryDemand Energy between Demand, 2000 and 2000 2008-08 5.58% Coal/peat 140 % = average annual rate of growth Oil 130 3.05% Gas 2.8% 120 2.52% Nuclear 110 1.38% 0.68% Hydro index: 2000=100 index: 100 Renewables 90 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Demand for coal has been growing faster than any other energy source and is projected to account for more than a third of incremental global energy demand to 2030. © OECD/IEA 2010 … and in meeting recent growth in electricity generation The growth in electricity from coal over the past decade represents almost half of total growth © OECD/IEA 2010 Annual hard coal consumption 3500 Mt 3000 2500 2000 China -
Of Coal Is Tied with CCS Technologies for Which Public Acceptance and an Adequate CO2 Price Are Crucial
NNoottee ddee ll’’IIffrrii The European Coal Market: Will Coal Survive the EC’s Energy and Climate Policies? ______________________________________________________________________ Sylvie Cornot-Gandolphe October 2012 . Gouvernance européenne et géopolitique de l’énergie The Institut français des relations internationales (Ifri) is a research center and a forum for debate on major international political and economic issues. Headed by Thierry de Montbrial since its founding in 1979, Ifri is a non- governmental and a non-profit organization. As an independent think tank, Ifri sets its own research agenda, publishing its findings regularly for a global audience. Using an interdisciplinary approach, Ifri brings together political and economic decision-makers, researchers and internationally renowned experts to animate its debate and research activities. With offices in Paris and Brussels, Ifri stands out as one of the rare French think tanks to have positioned itself at the very heart of European debate. The opinions expressed in this text are the responsibility of the authors alone. ISBN: 978-2-36567-081-4 © All rights reserved, Ifri, 2012 IFRI IFRI-BRUXELLES 27, RUE DE LA PROCESSION RUE MARIE-THERESE, 21 75740 PARIS CEDEX 15 – FRANCE 1000 – BRUSSELS – BELGIUM Tel: +33 (0)1 40 61 60 00 Tel: +32 (0)2 238 51 10 Fax: +33 (0)1 40 61 60 60 Fax: +32 (0)2 238 51 15 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] WEBSITE: Ifri.org Executive Summary Introduction The European coal industry is at a crossroads. The European Commission (EC) Energy Policy by 2020, the 20/20/20 targets, is not favourable to coal: a 20% decrease in CO2 emissions does not favour coal compared with natural gas, its main competitor in electricity generation; a 20% increase in energy efficiency will lead to a decrease in energy/coal consumption; a 20% increase in renewables will displace other energy sources, including coal. -
System Dynamics Model for Coal
ED n° 430 : Matériaux, Ouvrages, Durabilité, Environnement et Structures T H E S E Pour obtenir le grade de Docteur de l’Ecole des Mines de Paris Spécialité : Techniques et Economie de l’Exploitation du Sous-Sol Présentée et soutenue publiquement par Ekawan RUDIANTO Le 19 décembre 2006 Charbon en Europe : quel avenir ? Perspectives de l’industrie du charbon et étude des impacts du Protocole de Kyoto devant le jury composé de : René AÏD Examinateur Christian BUHROW Rapporteur Michel DUCHENE Examinateur Damien GOETZ Examinateur Jan PALARSKI Président Robert PENTEL Examinateur T H E S E Pour obtenir le grade de Docteur de l’Ecole des Mines de Paris Spécialité : Techniques et Economie de l’Exploitation du Sous-Sol Présentée et soutenue publiquement par Ekawan RUDIANTO Le 18 décembre 2006 SUJET DE LA THESE Charbon en Europe : Quel Avenir ? Perspectives de l’industrie du Charbon et étude des impacts du Protocole de Kyoto Directeur de thèse : Mr. Michel DUCHENE Jury : M. Jan PALARSKI Président M. Christian BUHROW Rapporteur M. René AÏD Examinateur M. Robert PENTEL Examinateur M. Michel DUCHENE Directeur de thèse M Damien GOETZ Co-Directeur de thèse ii THESIS Submitted to Ecole des Mines de Paris L’ÉCOLE NATIONALE SUPERIEURE DES MINES DE PARIS by Ekawan RUDIANTO In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of DOCTEUR DE L’ÉCOLE NATIONALE SUPERIEURE DES MINES DE PARIS Specialisation : Techniques et Economie de l’Exploitation du Sous-Sol COAL IN EUROPE: WHAT FUTURE? Prospects of the coal industry and impacts study of the Kyoto Protocol Thesis Supervisor Professor Michel DUCHENE Professor Damien GOETZ Centre de Géosciences - Ecole des Mines de Paris 35 rue Honoré - 77305 Fontainebleau Cedex iii Prediction is very difficult, especially about the future Niels Bohr Danish physicist (1885 - 1962) iv Pour Wieke, Dimas et Dinand v Acknowledgement I would like to gratefully and sincerely thank Prof. -
On the Fundamental Difference Between Coal Rank and Coal Type
International Journal of Coal Geology 118 (2013) 58–87 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Coal Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijcoalgeo Review article On the fundamental difference between coal rank and coal type Jennifer M.K. O'Keefe a,⁎, Achim Bechtel b,KimonChristanisc, Shifeng Dai d, William A. DiMichele e, Cortland F. Eble f,JoanS.Esterleg, Maria Mastalerz h,AnneL.Raymondi, Bruno V. Valentim j,NicolaJ.Wagnerk, Colin R. Ward l, James C. Hower m a Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Morehead State University, Morehead, KY 40351, USA b Department of Applied Geosciences and Geophysics, Montan Universität, Leoben, Austria c Department of Geology, University of Patras, 265.04 Rio-Patras, Greece d State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China e Department of Paleobiology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA f Kentucky Geological Survey, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA g School of Earth Sciences, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia h Indiana Geological Survey, Indiana University, 611 North Walnut Grove, Bloomington, IN 47405-2208, USA i Department of Geology and Geophysics, College Station, TX 77843, USA j Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto and Geology Centre of the University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal k School Chemical & Metallurgical Engineering, University of Witwatersrand, 2050, WITS, South Africa l School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia m University of Kentucky, Center for Applied Energy Research, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, KY 40511, USA article info abstract Article history: This article addresses the fundamental difference between coal rank and coal type. -
Maceral Types and Quality of Coal in the Tuli Coalfield: a Case
applied sciences Article Maceral Types and Quality of Coal in the Tuli Coalfield: A Case Study of Coal in the Madzaringwe Formation in the Vele Colliery, Limpopo Province, South Africa Elelwani Denge * and Christopher Baiyegunhi Department of Geology and Mining, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Featured Application: Authors are encouraged to provide a concise description of the specific application or a potential application of the work. This section is not mandatory. Abstract: The Madzaringwe Formation in the Vele colliery is one of the coal-bearing Late Palaeozoic units of the Karoo Supergroup, consisting of shale with thin coal seams and sandstones. Maceral group analysis was conducted on seven representative coal samples collected from three existing boreholes—OV125149, OV125156, and OV125160—in the Vele colliery to determine the coal rank and other intrinsic characteristics of the coal. The petrographic characterization revealed that vitrinite is the dominant maceral group in the coals, representing up to 81–92 vol.% (mmf) of the total sample. Collotellinite is the dominant vitrinite maceral, with a total count varying between 52.4 vol.% (mmf) and 74.9 vol.% (mmf), followed by corpogelinite, collodetrinite, tellinite, and pseudovitrinite with a Citation: Denge, E.; Baiyegunhi, C. count ranging between 0.8 and 19.4 vol.% (mmf), 1.5 and 17.5 vol.% (mmf), 0.8 and 6.5 vol.% (mmf) Maceral Types and Quality of Coal in the Tuli Coalfield: A Case Study of and 0.3 and 5.9 vol.% (mmf), respectively. The dominance of collotellinite gives a clear indication Coal in the Madzaringwe Formation that the coals are derived from the parenchymatous and woody tissues of roots, stems, and leaves. -
C) an Introduction to Coal Quality
Chapter C The National Coal Resource Assessment An Introduction to Coal Quality Overview By Stanley P. Schweinfurth1 Click here to return to Volume Table of Contents Chapter C of The National Coal Resource Assessment Overview Edited by Brenda S. Pierce and Kristin O. Dennen U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1625–F 1U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 20192 This report, although in the USGS Professional Paper series, is available only on CD–ROM U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Suzette M. Kimball, Acting Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2009 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Schweinfurth, S.P., 2009, An introduction to coal quality, in Pierce, B.S., and Dennen, K.O., eds., The National Coal Resource Assessment Overview: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1625–F, Chapter C, 16 p. -
“Peak Coal” Mean for International Coal Exporters? a Global Modelling Analysis on the Future of the International Steam Coal Market
What does “peak coal” mean for international coal exporters? A global modelling analysis on the future of the international steam coal market 2018 Authors Franziska Holz (DIW Berlin) Ivo Valentin Kafemann (DIW Berlin) Oliver Sartor (IDDRI) Tim Scherwath (DIW Berlin) Thomas Spencer (TERI, IDDRI) COAL TRANSITIONS www.coaltransitions.org What does “peak coal” mean for international coal exporters? A global modelling analysis on the future of the international steam coal market A project funded by the KR Foundation Authors Franziska Holz1, Ivo Valentin Kafemann1, Oliver Sartor2, Tim Scherwath1, Thomas Spencer2,3 1DIW Berlin, 2IDDRI, 3TERI Cite this report as Holz F., Kafemann I. V., Sartor O., Scherwath T., Spencer T.(2018). What does “peak coal” mean for international coal exporters? A global modelling analysis on the future of the international steam coal market. IDDRI and Climate Strategies. Acknowledgments The project team is grateful to the KR Foundation for its financial support. We would like to thank Roman Mendelevitch, Jesse Burton and Tara Caetano, Frank Jotzo and Salim Mazouz, as well as Fergus Green for their helpful comments and suggestions. We would also like to thank Amit Garg from the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedebad (IIMA) as well as Teng Fei from Tsinghua University for providing input to the scenario assumptions. We acknowledge funding from the KR Foundation. All remaining errors are ours. Contact information Oliver Sartor, IDDRI, [email protected] Andrzej Błachowicz, Climate Strategies, [email protected] Copyright © 2018 IDDRI and Climate Strategies IDDRI and Climate Strategies encourage reproduction and communication of their copyrighted materials to the public, with proper credit (bibliographical reference and/or corresponding URL), for personal, corporate or public policy research, or educational purposes. -
Status of Global Coal Markets and Major Demand Trends in Key Regions
Études de l’Ifri STATUS OF GLOBAL COAL MARKETS AND MAJOR DEMAND TRENDS IN KEY REGIONS Sylvie CORNOT-GANDOLPHE June 2019 Center for Energy The Institut français des relations internationales (Ifri) is a research center and a forum for debate on major international political and economic issues. Headed by Thierry de Montbrial since its founding in 1979, Ifri is a non-governmental, non-profit organization. As an independent think tank, Ifri sets its own research agenda, publishing its findings regularly for a global audience. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, Ifri brings together political and economic decision-makers, researchers and internationally renowned experts to animate its debate and research activities. The opinions expressed in this text are the responsibility of the author alone. ISBN: 979-10-373-0042-3 © All rights reserved, Ifri, 2019 Cover: “Large bucket wheel excavators in a lignite (brown-coal) mine after sunset, Germany”. © Shutterstock.com How to cite this publication: Sylvie Cornot-Gandolphe, “Status of Global Coal Markets and Major Demand Trends in Key Regions”, Études de l’Ifri, Ifri, June 2019. Ifri 27 rue de la Procession 75740 Paris Cedex 15 – FRANCE Tel. : +33 (0)1 40 61 60 00 – Fax : +33 (0)1 40 61 60 60 Email: [email protected] Website: Ifri.org Author Sylvie Cornot-Gandolphe is an independent consultant on energy and raw materials, focusing on international issues. Since 2012, she has been Associate Research Fellow at the Ifri Centre for Energy. She is also collaborating with the Oxford Institute on Energy Studies (OIES), with CEDIGAZ, the international centre of information on natural gas of IFPEN, and with CyclOpe, the reference publication on commodities. -
Australia, Climate Change and the Coal Industry
Dr Adam Lucas Science & Technology Studies Program University of Wollongong 1. International context for GHG emission reduction 2. Coal & climate change in Australia 3. Coal consumption in Australia 4. Coal mining’s contribution to Australia’s economy 5. Global trends in coal production & consumption, 1980-2010 6. Australian coal production, 1910-2010 7. Coal reserves & ‘peak coal’ 8. Australia’s role in coal export trade, 1900-2010 9. Australia’s coal trade with Asia & Europe, 1970-2010 10. Conclusion INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT FOR GHG EMISSION REDUCTION Current CO2 level → COAL AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN AUSTRALIA Per capita GHG emissions (2006): Australia – 28.1 tonnes US – 20.6 tonnes UK – 11.0 tonnes OECD average – 14.4 tonnes World average – 6.6 tonnes Fugitive CO2e emissions from coal mining, 1990-2009 CO2e emissions from electricity generation by fossil fuels, 1990-2009 http://www.climatechange.gov.au/sites/climatechange/files/documents/03_2013/nggi-quarterly-2010-dec.pdf ¡ Australian domestic emissions around 1.8% of global emissions, with 0.3% of world population. ¡ Domestic & overseas consumption of Australian coal responsible for more than 2% of global emissions. ¡ Black coal export emissions 130% of domestic emissions. ¡ Coal industry responsible for 3.6% of GDP (historic high). ¡ If coal export emissions added to domestic emissions, total contribution to global CO2 emissions in excess of 4.3%. ¡ Plans to triple or even quadruple coal export volumes over next 10 yrs: Australia’s total contribution to global GHG emissions will grow to around 9% to 11% by 2020, discounting export LNG & CSG. ¡ Australia uses twice as much coal to generate electricity than world average.