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Modeling Hydrodynamics, Water Temperature, and Suspended Sediment in Detroit Lake, Oregon

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Modeling Hydrodynamics, Water Temperature, and Suspended Sediment in Detroit Lake, Oregon Prepared in cooperation with the City of Salem, Oregon Modeling Hydrodynamics, Water Temperature, and Suspended Sediment in Detroit Lake, Oregon Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5008 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Front Cover: Photograph of Detroit Lake and Piety Island, looking east. (Photograph by Mark Uhrich, U.S. Geological Survey, September 29, 2004.) Insets from left to right: Inset 1: Photograph showing aerial view of Detroit Dam, taken from just west of the dam. (Photograph from U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, July 11, 1990.) Inset 2: Photograph showing Breitenbush River storm inflow to Detroit Lake, looking west. (Photograph by Heather Bragg, U.S. Geological Survey, April 14, 2002.) Inset 3: Photograph showing Breitenbush River inflow to Detroit Lake, looking west. (Photograph by Heather Bragg, U.S. Geological Survey, November 7, 2006.) Back Cover: View of Mt. Jefferson over Detroit Lake, looking east. (Photograph by David Piatt, U.S. Geological Survey, July 4, 2004.) Modeling Hydrodynamics, Water Temperature, and Suspended Sediment in Detroit Lake, Oregon By Annett B. Sullivan, Stewart A. Rounds, Steven Sobieszczyk, and Heather M. Bragg Prepared in cooperation with the City of Salem, Oregon Scientific Investigations Report 2007–5008 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark D. Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2007 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS--the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Sullivan, A.B., Rounds, S.A., Sobieszczyk, S., and Bragg, H.M., 2007, Modeling hydrodynamics, water temperature, and suspended sediment in Detroit Lake, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2007–5008, 40 p. iii Contents Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................................1 Significant Findings .......................................................................................................................................1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................2 Background............................................................................................................................................2 Purpose and Scope .............................................................................................................................4 Methods and Data .........................................................................................................................................4 Model Grid..............................................................................................................................................4 Meteorological Data.............................................................................................................................5 Hydrological Data .................................................................................................................................5 Inflow Water Temperature and Water Quality Data .......................................................................6 Lake Profile Data ...................................................................................................................................7 Outflow Water Temperature and Water Quality Data .....................................................................8 Model Development ......................................................................................................................................8 Water Balance ......................................................................................................................................8 Water Temperature ..............................................................................................................................8 Total Dissolved Solids ........................................................................................................................16 Suspended Sediment .........................................................................................................................23 Model Sensitivity..........................................................................................................................................32 Model Applications......................................................................................................................................33 Characteristics of Sediment Inflows, Outflows, and Deposits ....................................................33 Sources of Sediment to the Reservoir Outflow ............................................................................35 Effect of Dam on Release Water Temperature ..............................................................................36 Summary and Future Work .........................................................................................................................38 Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................................39 Supplemental Material................................................................................................................................39 References Cited..........................................................................................................................................40 iv Figures Figure 1. Map showing locations of water-quality monitors and lake sampling sites in the Detroit Lake drainage area, Oregon ……………………………………………… 3 Figure 2. Map showing location of segment boundaries for the Detroit Lake model grid … 5 Figure 3. Graph showing volume-elevation curves for Detroit Lake, Oregon, from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and as represented by the model grid ……… 5 Figure 4. Graph showing measured and modeled forebay water-surface elevations, Detroit Lake, Oregon, calendar years 2002 and 2003, and the period between December 1, 2005, and February 1, 2006 ………………………………………… 9 Figure 5. Graph showing modeled water temperature profiles in Detroit Lake, Oregon, near the dam as a function of time during 2003 …………………………………… 9 Figure 6. Measured water temperature profiles at three locations in Detroit Lake, Oregon, compared to modeled water temperature at the same location and time in 2002 ……………………………………………………………………… 10 Figure 7. Measured water temperatures profiles at three locations in Detroit Lake, Oregon, compared to modeled water temperature at the same location and time in 2003 ……………………………………………………………………… 12 Figure 8. Measured water temperature profiles at four locations in Detroit Lake, Oregon, compared to modeled water temperature at the same location and time in 2006 ……………………………………………………………………… 14 Figure 9. Graphs showing measured water temperatures from a string of thermistors suspended from the log boom in Detroit Lake, Oregon, compared to modeled water temperature at the same depth and time in 2003 ………………… 15 Figure 10. Graph showing modeled water temperatures in the Detroit Lake, Oregon, reservoir outflow compared to measured water temperature in the North Santiam River at Niagara, 6 km downstream of the reservoir outflow in 2003 …… 16 Figure 11. Modeled total dissolved solids profiles in Detroit Lake, Oregon, near the dam as a function of time during 2003 ………………………………………………… 17 Figure 12. Measured specific conductance profiles at three locations in Detroit Lake, Oregon, compared to modeled specific conductance (derived from total dissolved solids) at the same location and time in 2002 ………………………… 18 Figure 13. Measured specific conductance profiles at three locations in Detroit Lake, Oregon, compared to modeled specific conductance (derived from total dissolved solids) at the same location and time in 2003 ………………………… 20 Figure 14. Measured specific conductance profiles at four locations in Detroit Lake, Oregon, compared to modeled specific conductance (derived from total dissolved solids) at the same location and time in 2006 ………………………… 22 Figure 15. Graph showing modeled specific conductance (converted from modeled total dissolved solids) in the Detroit Lake, Oregon, reservoir outflow compared to measured specific conductance in the North Santiam River at Niagara, 6 km downstream, in 2003 ……………………………………………………………… 22 v Figures—continued Figure 16. Modeled profiles of suspended sediment concentrations in Detroit Lake, Oregon, near the dam as a function of time during 2003 ………………………… 24 Figure 17. Total suspended sediment concentration profiles, both measured and calculated from turbidity, at three locations in Detroit Lake, Oregon, compared to modeled total suspended sediment concentration at the same location and time in 2002 ………………………………………………………… 26 Figure 18. Total suspended sediment concentration
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