DOCSLIB.ORG

Lux Operon Transformation of Plastids in Higher Plants

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Lux Operon Transformation of Plastids in Higher Plants lux operon transformation of plastids in higher plants Aranzazu Balfagón Martín Dipòsit Legal: B. 24565-2013 ADVERTIMENT. La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tesisenxarxa.net) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d’un lloc aliè al servei TDX. No s’autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA. La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR (www.tesisenred.net) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. No se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al resumen de presentación de la tesis como a sus contenidos. En la utilización o cita de partes de la tesis es obligado indicar el nombre de la persona autora. WARNING. On having consulted this thesis you’re accepting the following use conditions: Spreading this thesis by the TDX (www.tesisenxarxa.net) service has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reproduction with lucrative aims is not authorized neither its spreading and availability from a site foreign to the TDX service. Introducing its content in a window or frame foreign to the TDX service is not authorized (framing). This rights affect to the presentation summary of the thesis as well as to its contents. In the using or citation of parts of the thesis it’s obliged to indicate the name of the author. Universitat Internacional de Catalunya Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Área de Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Medicina lux operon transformation of plastids in higher plants Aranzazu Balfagón Martin TESIS DOCTORAL Sant Cugat del Vallés 2013 Universitat Internacional de Catalunya Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Área de Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Medicina lux operon transformation of plastids in higher plants Memoria de la tesis doctoral presentada por Aranzazu Balfagón Martin para optar al grado de Doctora por la Universitat Internacional de Catalunya. Trabajo realizado en el Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, bajo la dirección de los Doctores Agustí Fontarnau Riera y Alberto T. Estévez. Proyecto subvencionado por Fundació La Caixa, INCASOL (Generalitat de Catalunya) y MICINN. Doctoranda Director Co-director Aranzazu Balfagón Dr. A.Fontarnau Dr. A. Estévez Cuando realmente quieres una cosa, el Universo conspira para ayudarte a conseguirla. Mi Universo, mi familia A mis peludos Kimet, es nuestra Lo último que uno sabe es por dónde empezar. B. Pascal INDEX Index INDEX I. Index 09 II. Justification 15 III. Main objectives 19 IV. Introduction 23 1. General introduction 25 1.1. Nuclear transformation 1.1.1. Nuclear transformation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens 1.1.2. PEG-mediated DNA uptake and electroporation 2. Nuclear transformation vs. chloroplast transformation 27 3. Chloroplast structure and function 29 3.1. cpDNA 3.2. Chloroplast gene expression 3.2.1. Chloroplast gene expression regulation 3.2.2. Plastids RNA polymerases 3.2.3. Chloroplast operon promoters 3.2.4. Regulatory sequences 3.2.5. Operon organization 4. Chloroplast transformation 35 4.1. Plastid transformation vectors 4.2. Homologous recombination and flanking sequences 4.2.1. Homoplasmy and antibiotic resistance markers V. Hypothesis 41 VI. Experimental Procedures 47 1. In vitro plant culture and regeneration experiments 49 2. Vector construction 52 3. Biolistic transformation of chloroplasts 56 4. Molecular tools 58 4.1. cpDNA assays 4.2. SDS gel electrophoresis and Western blot 4.3. Real Time PCR 4.4. IVIS Spectrum in vivo bioluminescence assay VII. Chapter 1 In vitro regeneration of ornamentals plants 63 Introduction 65 1. Micropropagation 67 1.1. Stages of micropropagation 11 Index 2. Plant morphogenesis in vitro 68 2.1. Somatic embryogenesis 2.2. Somatic organogenesis 3. Plant tissue culture 70 3.1. Plant media 3.1.1. Plant hormones 4. Ornamental plant tissue culture 71 4.1. Ornamental species used in this study Results 77 1. Establishment of in vitro woody plant lines using leaves of greenhouse’s plants as a source 79 1.1. Disinfection of leaves and nodal segments explants 1.2. Callus induction from leaves 1.3. Callus induction from nodal shoots 1.4. Indirect regeneration from callus 2. Establishment of in vitro plant lines using seeds as a source 83 2.1. Disinfection of seeds 2.2. Seed germination 2.3. Callus induction and regeneration 2.3.1. Callus induction and regeneration in D. caryophyllus 2.3.2. Callus induction and regeneration in M. jalapa, C. scandens and C. hybridus 2.3.3. Callus induction and regeneration in P. zonale 2.3.4. Callus induction and regeneration in C. motorious 2.3.5. Callus induction and regeneration in C. argentera 2.3.6. Callus induction and regeneration in B. semperflorens 2.3.7. Callus induction and regeneration in M. incana 2.3.8. Callus induction and regeneration in A. majus 2.3.9. Callus induction and regeneration in M. viridis 2.3.10. Callus induction and regeneration in I. purpurea 2.3.11. Callus induction and regeneration in Z. elegans 2.4. Elongation and rooting Discussion 93 Conclusions 107 VIII. Chapter 2 Plastidial transformation with lux operon 111 Introduction 113 1. Bioluminescence 115 12 Index 1.1. Bioluminescence in bacteria 1.1.1. Vibrio fischeri 1.1.2. Photorhabdus luminescens 2. lux Operon 116 Results 119 1. pLDluxCDABE transformation in N.tabacum 121 1.1. pLDluxCDABE vector design 1.2. Transformation by biolistic bombardment in N.tabacum 1.3. Transgene integration checking 1.4. mRNA expression 1.5. Protein expression assay 1.6. IVIS bioluminescence assay 1.7. Rooting, acclimation and seed production 2. Design of pLDluxCDABEG transformation vector 129 3. transformation with pLDluxCDABE of ornamental plants 132 3.1 Flanking regions analysis 3.2 Biolistic bombardment Discussion 135 Conclusions 143 VII. General Discussion 147 VIII. Main Conclusions 151 IX. References 157 X. Summary in Spanish 167 XI. Acknowledgements 193 13 No tenía miedo a las dificultades: lo que la asustaba era la obligación de tener que escoger un camino. Escoger un camino significaba abandonar otros…. El Alquimista- P. Coelho JUSTIFICATION Justification JUSTIFICATION This work is part of the research in genetics of the Group of Research GENETIC ARCHITECTURES, a transversal and interdisciplinary group of the Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, recognized as Consolidated in Research (ref. 2009 SGR 862) by the Generalitat, the regional government of Catalonia (Spain). The global objective of the group is to investigate on new architectonic forms and materials to solve, in a sustainable and caring way, some of the most important human needs, such as light, heat and habitat, to reduce, at the same time, the human impact on natural environment. Its research covers two different areas of interest: a) the biodigital area, to generate new forms of inhabitable spaces, using a digital methodology and looking for inspiration in biological structures; b) the biotechnological area, to obtain new materials and organisms with added values in energetic or structural aspects and with interest in architecture. The aim of the group is to present a development model based on the management and conservation of heritage, bringing scientific advances in urban planning, taking into account human welfare and pioneering in the study of digital and biotechnological issues. In the context of the biotechnological area of the group, we present here our approach to the expression of the lux operon from bacterial sources in chloroplasts of higher plants, in order to make them able to emit visible light in an autonomous way, with no need of any external stimuli o supply of energy. It is worth to note that this work was also a pioneering attempt to transfer a whole multigenic process in chloroplasts. This metabolic pathway is due to the coordinated work of five genes in a sequential manner. Achieving this objective would also amplify the possibilities of genetic engineering technologies for others metabolic pathways. This research was supported by research competitive grants from Fundació La Caixa, INCASOL (Generalitat de Catalunya) and the Ministry of Science and Innovation-Spain (MICINN). 17 Ja hauràs pogut comprendre què volen dir les Ítaques Kavafis- L.Llach MAIN OBJECTIVES Objectives OBJECTIVES The main objective is to perform a genetic transformation of ornamental plants with an operon responsible of bioluminescence phenotype, lux operon, achieving a level of intensity in the emitted light that make transformed plants as useful elements in architecture and urban spaces. The first partial objective is to obtain organogenesis from leaves of selected ornamental plants, in which organogenesis is not an optimized process, in order to obtain good candidates for chloroplast transformation. The second partial objective is to obtain a suitable chloroplast transformation vector with lux operon as genes of interest which could express the bioluminescent phenotype in the target specie. The third partial objective is to introduce and express our genes of interest in the model specie N.tabacum and in ornamental species of interest, as a final target species.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Multiple Polyploidy Events in the Early Radiation of Nodulating And
    Multiple Polyploidy Events in the Early Radiation of Nodulating and Nonnodulating Legumes Steven B. Cannon,*,y,1 Michael R. McKain,y,2,3 Alex Harkess,y,2 Matthew N. Nelson,4,5 Sudhansu Dash,6 Michael K. Deyholos,7 Yanhui Peng,8 Blake Joyce,8 Charles N. Stewart Jr,8 Megan Rolf,3 Toni Kutchan,3 Xuemei Tan,9 Cui Chen,9 Yong Zhang,9 Eric Carpenter,7 Gane Ka-Shu Wong,7,9,10 Jeff J. Doyle,11 and Jim Leebens-Mack2 1USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA 2Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia 3Donald Danforth Plant Sciences Center, St Louis, MO 4The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia 5The School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia 6Virtual Reality Application Center, Iowa State University 7Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada 8Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee Downloaded from 9BGI-Shenzhen, Bei Shan Industrial Zone, Shenzhen, China 10Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada 11L. H. Bailey Hortorium, Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University yThese authors contributed equally to this work. *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]. http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/ Associate editor:BrandonGaut Abstract Unresolved questions about evolution of the large and diverselegumefamilyincludethetiming of polyploidy (whole- genome duplication; WGDs) relative to the origin of the major lineages within the Fabaceae and to the origin of symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Previous work has established that a WGD affects most lineages in the Papilionoideae and occurred sometime after the divergence of the papilionoid and mimosoid clades, but the exact timing has been unknown.
    [Show full text]
  • Vol: Ii (1938) of “Flora of Assam”
    Plant Archives Vol. 14 No. 1, 2014 pp. 87-96 ISSN 0972-5210 AN UPDATED ACCOUNT OF THE NAME CHANGES OF THE DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANT SPECIES INCLUDED IN THE VOL: I (1934- 36) & VOL: II (1938) OF “FLORA OF ASSAM” Rajib Lochan Borah Department of Botany, D.H.S.K. College, Dibrugarh - 786 001 (Assam), India. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Changes in botanical names of flowering plants are an issue which comes up from time to time. While there are valid scientific reasons for such changes, it also creates some difficulties to the floristic workers in the preparation of a new flora. Further, all the important monumental floras of the world have most of the plants included in their old names, which are now regarded as synonyms. In north east India, “Flora of Assam” is an important flora as it includes result of pioneering floristic work on Angiosperms & Gymnosperms in the region. But, in the study of this flora, the same problems of name changes appear before the new researchers. Therefore, an attempt is made here to prepare an updated account of the new names against their old counterpts of the plants included in the first two volumes of the flora, on the basis of recent standard taxonomic literatures. In this, the unresolved & controversial names are not touched & only the confirmed ones are taken into account. In the process new names of 470 (four hundred & seventy) dicotyledonous plant species included in the concerned flora are found out. Key words : Name changes, Flora of Assam, Dicotyledonus plants, floristic works.
    [Show full text]
  • Desmodium Gyrans Vijay Kumar Sharma3, Wolfgang Engelmannb and Anders Johnssonc* a Chronobiology Laboratory, Evolutionary and Organismal Biology Unit
    Effects of Static Magnetic Field on the Ultradian Lateral Leaflet Movement Rhythm in Desmodium gyrans Vijay Kumar Sharma3, Wolfgang Engelmannb and Anders Johnssonc* a Chronobiology Laboratory, Evolutionary and Organismal Biology Unit. Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore- 560 064, Karnataka, India b Department of Botany, Physiological Ecology of Plants, University of Tübingen, D-7400, Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, Germany c Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway Fax: 004773591852. E-mail: [email protected] * Author for correspondence and reprint request Z. Naturforsch. 55c, 638-642 (2000); received January 18/March 20, 2000 Oscillations, Video Imaging, Ion Movements The rhythmic leaflet movements of the plantDesmodium gyrans (L.f.) DC slow down in the presence of a static magnetic field. The leaflet positions were digitally retrieved from sequential CCD camera images of the moving leaflets. The experiments were performed under constant light (ca. 500 lux) and temperature (about 20 °C) conditions. The period of the leaflet was then around 5 min. Leaflets moving up and down in a magnetic field of approximately 50 mT flux density increased the period by about 10% due to a slower motion in the “up” position. Since during this position a rapid change of the extracellular potentials of the pulvinus occurs, it is proposed that the effects are mediated via the electric processes in the pulvinus tissue. Introduction the motor cells of the pulvinus. When direct cur­ Although ultradian rhythms of the lateral leaf­ rents (DC) of strength 10 to 100 ^xA was applied lets in the plant Desmodium gyrans have been for 10 sec to the tip of lateral leaflets, the phase of studied intensively, its functional significance still the rhythm was delayed.
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Document
    Cyclamen Notes by Wilhelm (Bill) Bischoff Flowers of Atlantis? Page 2 Cyclamen Blooming Times Page 4 Cyclamen Species, Subspecies, Page 5 Forma, & Varieties in Alphabetical Order Cyclamen Descriptions Page 6 (photos referenced are not included) Wilhelm (Bill) Bischoff is available for lectures & garden tours for Cyclamen & Hardy Orchids 604-589-6134 wbischoff @ shaw.ca The Flowers of Atlantis? By Wilhelm (Bill) Bischoff / member BC Council of Garden Clubs If you can accept that the island called Santorini in the central Mediterranean, also known as Thira / Tera, is the original Island of Atlantis; if you also can agree that this Island had a terrific volcanic explosion more than 3,000 years ago, than I can share with you an equally fantastic botanical story with you. That today’s Thira is the remnant of an exploded volcano is quite evident when one looks at a map of this region of the Mediterranean. Located as part of the Aegean Islands, just north of Crete, it shows the unmistakable shape of a water filled volcanic caldera with a center-cone island. Scientists have identified volcanic ash taken from the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea, close to the Lebanese coast, as originating from Thira. The time frame of some 3300 years ago also coincides with the beginning of a rather tumultuous time in this part of the ancient world, the end of the “Bronze Age”. The possible cause of that could well have been a natural disaster, in the very heart of the ancient world as we know it. Now that I have your attention and possibly have whetted your curiosity, let me introduce you to one of the small wonders of this very ancient world, the beautiful Cyclamen, all 22 species of them.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract Introduction
    Author: - K.N. Wijesekara - W.S de Silva Department of Biotechnology, Horizon Campus, Sri Lanka GARI Publisher | Medicinal Plants | Volume: 04 | Issue: 07 Article ID: IN/GARI/ICATMMP/2018/115 | Pages: 33-42 (09) ISSN 2424-6492 | ISBN 978-955-7153-00-1 Edit: GARI Editorial Team | Received: 16.12.2018 | Publish: 20.01.2019 PRELIMINARY SCREENING OF TELEGRAPH (CODARIOCALYX MOTORIUS) PLANT EXTRACT FOR SKIN WHITENING PROPERTY AND CYTOTOXICITY ACTIVITY K.N. Wijesekara, 1W.S de Silva Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Horizon Campus, Sri Lanka [email protected] ABSTRACT A perfect skin can be remained as a control was 478.800757±3.1567 µg/ml. dream if it does not maintain properly, Value of inhibition of tyrosinase was therefore most of the young women are significantly higher than to positive tempting to skin whitening products that control. The IC50 value of cytotoxicity can be composed of harmful chemicals activity for methanolic extract of leaves that cause dullness, uneven skin tone or of Telegraph plant was 1516.0538± acne breakout instead of making skin 2.407µg/ml. This analysis was revealed healthy and blooming. Natural products IC50 value of methanolic extract is are safe for consumption and will work nontoxic toxic to brine shrimps. on skin naturally and effectively by Therefore, it can be concluded that balancing skin tone and eliminating Codariocalyx motorius leaves possess harmful effects. This study was carried highly active antityrosinase substances out to determine skin whitening property which can be consumed for remedy of and cytotoxicity activity of Codariocalyx healthy and brighten skin. motorius.
    [Show full text]
  • The Arts of Science in the Contact Zone: a Satirical Picture
    Sria Chatterjee The Arts of Science in the Contact Zone: A Satirical Picture Abstract This chapter focusses on a print by the artist Gaganendranath Tagore done in 1922, which features the biophysicist Jagadish Chandra Bose and his experiments in plant science. Considering the overlapping networks of art, science, and nationalist politics within a particular sphere in early twentieth-century British India, the chapter explores the connec- tions between human and non-human contact zones as well as questions around religion and science and the politics of colonial knowledge be- tween the metropole and the colony. Keywords Art and Science, Expanded Contact Zone, Plants, Caricature, Nationalism, Politics Chatterjee, Sria. 2021. “The Arts of Science in the Contact Zone: A Satirical Picture.” 181 In Reading Objects in the Contact Zone, edited by Eva-Maria Troelenberg, Kerstin Schankweiler, and Anna Sophia Messner, 181–187. Heidelberg Studies on Transculturality 9. Heidelberg: Heidelberg University Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/110.17885/heiup.766. c10423 SRIA ChatteRJEE The object I focus on in this short essay is a black and white print by Gaganendranath Tagore (1867–1938) from a portfolio of “satirical pic- tures” published in 1921 by Thacker and Spink titled Reform Screams. While the portfolio serves to establish a context of political feeling and social reform in pre-independence India through satire, the print I have chosen allows for access into a contact zone that is not only geo- graphic but also one that lies between human and non-human worlds (à⏵Expanded Contact Zone). In this image, Gaganendranath depicts the Indian scientist Jagadish Chandra Bose (1858–1937) who pioneered the investigation of radio waves and experiments in plant science.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Static Magnetic Field on the Ultradian Lateral Leaflet Movement Rhythm in Desmodium Gyrans
    Effects of Static Magnetic Field on the Ultradian Lateral Leaflet Movement Rhythm in Desmodium gyrans Vijay Kumar Sharma3, Wolfgang Engelmannb and Anders Johnssonc* a Chronobiology Laboratory, Evolutionary and Organismal Biology Unit. Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore- 560 064, Karnataka, India b Department of Botany, Physiological Ecology of Plants, University of Tübingen, D-7400, Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 1, Germany c Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway Fax: 004773591852. E-mail: [email protected] * Author for correspondence and reprint request Z. Naturforsch. 55c, 638-642 (2000); received January 18/March 20, 2000 Oscillations, Video Imaging, Ion Movements The rhythmic leaflet movements of the plantDesmodium gyrans (L.f.) DC slow down in the presence of a static magnetic field. The leaflet positions were digitally retrieved from sequential CCD camera images of the moving leaflets. The experiments were performed under constant light (ca. 500 lux) and temperature (about 20 °C) conditions. The period of the leaflet was then around 5 min. Leaflets moving up and down in a magnetic field of approximately 50 mT flux density increased the period by about 10% due to a slower motion in the “up” position. Since during this position a rapid change of the extracellular potentials of the pulvinus occurs, it is proposed that the effects are mediated via the electric processes in the pulvinus tissue. Introduction the motor cells of the pulvinus. When direct cur­ Although ultradian rhythms of the lateral leaf­ rents (DC) of strength 10 to 100 ^xA was applied lets in the plant Desmodium gyrans have been for 10 sec to the tip of lateral leaflets, the phase of studied intensively, its functional significance still the rhythm was delayed.
    [Show full text]
  • Page 1 植物研究雜誌 J. Jpn. Bot. 79; 101-139 (2004) Taxonomy And
    植物研究雑誌 J. J. Jpn. Bo t. 79: 79: 101-139(2004) Taxonomy and Distribution of Desmodium and Related Genera (Leguminosae) (Leguminosae) in Malesia (1) Hiroyoshi Hiroyoshi OHASHI Botanical Botanical Garden ，Graduate School of Science ，Tohoku University ，Sendai ， 980-0862 JAPAN (Received (Received on November 8，2003) A taxonomic and phytogeographic account of Desmodium and its related genera in Malesia Malesia is presented as a precursory of treatment these genera for the Fl ora Malesiana. Sixty-four Sixty-four species in 13 genera 訂 'e recognized: Aphyllodium (3 spp よ Codariocalyx (3 spp よDendrolobium (8 spp よDesmodiastrum (1 sp よDesmodium (35 spp. of which 27 native native to Malesia and 8 introduced from America) ， Hanslia (2 spp よHegnera (l sp よ Hylodesmum (4 spp よ Monarthrocarpus (1 sp よ Ohwia (1 sp よ Phyllodium (3 spp よ Tadehagi Tadehagi (l sp.) ， and Trifidacanthus (1 sp.). They 訂 e enumerated with keys to genera ， species species and infraspecific taxa ，selected synonyms and bibliography related to the Malesian Malesian flora ，representative specimens ， and distribution. Of the 56 species native to Malesia Malesia eight (14 %)訂 e endemic to the region; 29 (52 %)訂 e distributed in Malesia and continental continental Asia but not in Australia; 11 (20 %) are common in Malesia and Australia but not not in continental Asia; and eight (14 %) are found in all these areas. Based on the dis- tribution tribution analysis ，a differentiation pattem of the species in these genera in Malesia is presumed. presumed. This This paper is divided into two parts. Aphyllodium ，Codariocalyx ，Dendrolobium ， Desmodiastrum ， and Desmodium are treated in the first p訂t.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary Trends II: External Morphology
    CHAPTER XIII Evolutionary Trends II: External Morphology HE PRESENT VOLUME is concerned with the dynamics of plant evolution in general, rather than with the evolu­ T tionary origin and phylogenetic history of any particular group or groups, however important they may be. Nevertheless, certain principles and trends of phylogeny are repeated so many times in various groups of plants that some consideration of them is essential to an understanding of the mechanism of evolution. Fortunately, most of these trends can be seen operating to a small extent even within groups of genetically related species, so that to this degree they are open to study by experimental methods. Since the trends to be considered in this chapter are those characteristic of the vascular plants, the more primitive and gen­ eralized structural features of these plants must first be described. These are now well known in the fossil Psilophytales (Eames 1936, pp. 309-331), and the vegetative parts are essentially similar in the modern Psilotum. The aerial vegetative parts of these primitive rootless plants are simply branch systems which grow at the tips by means of apical meristems and fork repeatedly at regular intervals. This forking or branching is typically dichot­ omous, that is, the apical meristems of the two branches are of equal size and grow at the same rate. The parts bearing the re­ productive structures are also branch systems, which differ prin­ cipally in bearing sporangia at their apices. Typically, therefore, the primitive vascular plant is characterized by apical, indeter­ minate growth and the successive differentiation of similar organs, one at a time.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora-Lab-Manual.Pdf
    LabLab MManualanual ttoo tthehe Jane Mygatt Juliana Medeiros Flora of New Mexico Lab Manual to the Flora of New Mexico Jane Mygatt Juliana Medeiros University of New Mexico Herbarium Museum of Southwestern Biology MSC03 2020 1 University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM, USA 87131-0001 October 2009 Contents page Introduction VI Acknowledgments VI Seed Plant Phylogeny 1 Timeline for the Evolution of Seed Plants 2 Non-fl owering Seed Plants 3 Order Gnetales Ephedraceae 4 Order (ungrouped) The Conifers Cupressaceae 5 Pinaceae 8 Field Trips 13 Sandia Crest 14 Las Huertas Canyon 20 Sevilleta 24 West Mesa 30 Rio Grande Bosque 34 Flowering Seed Plants- The Monocots 40 Order Alistmatales Lemnaceae 41 Order Asparagales Iridaceae 42 Orchidaceae 43 Order Commelinales Commelinaceae 45 Order Liliales Liliaceae 46 Order Poales Cyperaceae 47 Juncaceae 49 Poaceae 50 Typhaceae 53 Flowering Seed Plants- The Eudicots 54 Order (ungrouped) Nymphaeaceae 55 Order Proteales Platanaceae 56 Order Ranunculales Berberidaceae 57 Papaveraceae 58 Ranunculaceae 59 III page Core Eudicots 61 Saxifragales Crassulaceae 62 Saxifragaceae 63 Rosids Order Zygophyllales Zygophyllaceae 64 Rosid I Order Cucurbitales Cucurbitaceae 65 Order Fabales Fabaceae 66 Order Fagales Betulaceae 69 Fagaceae 70 Juglandaceae 71 Order Malpighiales Euphorbiaceae 72 Linaceae 73 Salicaceae 74 Violaceae 75 Order Rosales Elaeagnaceae 76 Rosaceae 77 Ulmaceae 81 Rosid II Order Brassicales Brassicaceae 82 Capparaceae 84 Order Geraniales Geraniaceae 85 Order Malvales Malvaceae 86 Order Myrtales Onagraceae
    [Show full text]
  • South, Tasmania
    Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Guide to Users Background What is the summary for and where does it come from? This summary has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. It highlights important elements of the biodiversity of the region in two ways: • Listing species which may be significant for management because they are found only in the region, mainly in the region, or they have a conservation status such as endangered or vulnerable. • Comparing the region to other parts of Australia in terms of the composition and distribution of its species, to suggest components of its biodiversity which may be nationally significant. The summary was produced using the Australian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. The list of families covered in ANHAT is shown in Appendix 1. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are are not not included included in the in the summary. • The data used for this summary come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Systematics an Integrated Approach
    ﻣﻊ ﺗﺣﯾﺎت د. ﺳﻼم ﺣﺳﯾن اﻟﮭﻼﻟﻲ [email protected] https://www.facebook.com30TU /salam.alhelali U30T 07807137614 Plant Systematics An Integrated Approach Third edition Gurcharan Singh University of Delhi Delhi, INDIA CIP data will be provided on request Science Publishers www.scipub.net 234 May Street Post Office Box 699 Enfield, New Hampshire 03748 United States of America General enquiries : [email protected] Editorial enquiries : [email protected] Sales enquiries : [email protected] Published by Science Publishers, Enfield, NH, USA An imprint of Edenbridge Ltd., British Channel Islands Printed in India © 2010, copyright reserved ISBN 978-1-57808-668-9 The author and the publisher make no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to programs contained in this companion CD. The authors and publisher shall not be liable in any event for incidental or consequential damages in connection with, or arising out of, the furnishing, performance, or use of these programs. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers, in writing. The exception to this is when a reasonable part of the text is quoted for purpose of book review, abstracting etc. This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise be lent, re-sold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser.
    [Show full text]