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Abstract Introduction Author: - K.N. Wijesekara - W.S de Silva Department of Biotechnology, Horizon Campus, Sri Lanka GARI Publisher | Medicinal Plants | Volume: 04 | Issue: 07 Article ID: IN/GARI/ICATMMP/2018/115 | Pages: 33-42 (09) ISSN 2424-6492 | ISBN 978-955-7153-00-1 Edit: GARI Editorial Team | Received: 16.12.2018 | Publish: 20.01.2019 PRELIMINARY SCREENING OF TELEGRAPH (CODARIOCALYX MOTORIUS) PLANT EXTRACT FOR SKIN WHITENING PROPERTY AND CYTOTOXICITY ACTIVITY K.N. Wijesekara, 1W.S de Silva Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Horizon Campus, Sri Lanka [email protected] ABSTRACT A perfect skin can be remained as a control was 478.800757±3.1567 µg/ml. dream if it does not maintain properly, Value of inhibition of tyrosinase was therefore most of the young women are significantly higher than to positive tempting to skin whitening products that control. The IC50 value of cytotoxicity can be composed of harmful chemicals activity for methanolic extract of leaves that cause dullness, uneven skin tone or of Telegraph plant was 1516.0538± acne breakout instead of making skin 2.407µg/ml. This analysis was revealed healthy and blooming. Natural products IC50 value of methanolic extract is are safe for consumption and will work nontoxic toxic to brine shrimps. on skin naturally and effectively by Therefore, it can be concluded that balancing skin tone and eliminating Codariocalyx motorius leaves possess harmful effects. This study was carried highly active antityrosinase substances out to determine skin whitening property which can be consumed for remedy of and cytotoxicity activity of Codariocalyx healthy and brighten skin. motorius. C. motorius is commonly known as “Pranajeewa” in Sinhala or Keywords: Telegraph (Codariocalyx “Telegraph Plant”. It is widely consumed motorius), Antityrosinase activity, as an antidote, cardiac-tonic and for Cytotoxicity activity, wound healing. The antityrosinase activity and cytotoxicity activity of the Mushroom tyrosinase methanolic extract of leaves of Telegraph plant have been studied on in-vitro INTRODUCTION models. The antityrosinase activity was evaluated based on inhibition of Skin is an important component of mushroom tyrosinase and cytotoxicity body image and has immense activity was evaluated based on brine physiological importance for both women shrimp lethality bioassay. The IC50 value and men. Skin pigmentation can be a of antityrosinase activity for methanolic source of significant emotional distress in extract of leaves of Telegraph plant was individuals (Stratigos and Katsambas, 282.2907299 ±4.521 µg/ml and SASAKI 2004). Both men and women have been Whitening Body Skin Serum as positive struggling with skin pigmentation Author: - K.N. Wijesekara - W.S de Silva Department of Biotechnology, Horizon Campus, Sri Lanka GARI Publisher | Medicinal Plants | Volume: 04 | Issue: 07 Article ID: IN/GARI/ICATMMP/2018/115 | Pages: 33-42 (09) ISSN 2424-6492 | ISBN 978-955-7153-00-1 Edit: GARI Editorial Team | Received: 16.12.2018 | Publish: 20.01.2019 (hyper/hypo-pigmentation). Therefore from the harmful effects of ultraviolet most of the young women are tempting to (UV) radiations by absorbing UV use skin whitening products that can be sunlight, removing reactive oxygen composed of harmful chemicals that species (ROS) and scavenging toxic cause dullness, uneven skin tone or acne drugs and chemicals. Melanin also breakout instead of making skin healthy induces the expression and synthesis of a and blooming and also in long term variety of cytokines, primarily of usage, these chemicals might lead to keratinocyte origin, that act in a paracrine tumor and other unbearable diseases fashion to further induce melanogenesis instead of making skin healthy and (Yaar et al., 2006). The type and amount glowing. Even someone has a naturally of melanin synthesized by the light-skinned, external factors can melanocytes and its distribution in the generate melanin production. Some of surrounding keratinocytes determine the external factors are pollution, harmful actual color of the skin (Kim and Uyama, UV rays from the sun, stress, and 2005).If there’s formation of more unhealthy diet, hectic lifestyles, and many melanin in the skin, the darker the skin others. Considering these circumstances, tone will be arisen. Therefore, tyrosinase the best solution is to consume natural inhibition is the most common approach ingredients that are safe to use. And some to achieve skin hypopigmentation as this of benefits of consuming natural enzyme catalyses’ the rate-limiting step ingredients are skin brightening, of pigmentation (Solano et al., 2006). balancing skin tone, reducing blemishes Arbutin, a naturally occurring and marks, photo-protection, and beta-d-glucopyranoside of hydroquinone eliminating harmful bacteria. used traditionally for depigmentation, Tyrosinase (E: C: 1.14.18.1) is an involves inhibition of melanosomal essential enzyme, which contributes tyrosinase activity. Some other known towards pigment formation in natural compounds such as kojic acid, mammalian's body as well as in plants, kojic acid octanoates, salicylhydroxamic microorganisms and fungi (Momtaz et al., acid, catechins, hydroquinone, and more 2008). In humans and other mammals, recently resveratrol and oxyresveratrol the biosynthesis of melanin takes place in were also described for their tyrosinase a lineage of cells known as melanocytes, inhibition properties (Bourin et al., 2002). which contain the enzyme tyrosinase And some existing natural derivatives (Robb, 1984). Tyrosinase (phenol have got limitations in term of high oxidase) is known to be a key enzyme for toxicity. Therefore, in this study, melanin biosynthesis. This enzyme is Codariocalyx motorius (Telegraph Plant) mainly involved in the initial steps of the was investigated to determine its potential pathway which consist of the of decreasing skin pigmentation and hydroxylation of the p-monophenolic cytotoxicity by carrying out shrimp amino acid l-tyrosine (monophenolase lethality assay. The shrimp lethality assay activity of tyrosinase) and the oxidation was proposed by Michael et al., and later of the product of this reaction, the o- developed by Vanhaecke et al., and Sleet diphenolic amino acid L-DOPA and Brendel. It is based on the ability to (diphenolase activity), to give rise to o- kill laboratory-cultured Artemia nauplii dopaquinone (Bourin et al.,2002) . This brine shrimp. The assay is considered a o-quinone is transformed into melanins in useful tool for preliminary assessment of a series of non-enzymatic reactions toxicity, and it has been used for the (Prota, 1988, 1992). Melanin plays an detection of fungal toxins, plant extract important role in protecting human skin toxicity, heavy metals, cyanobacteria Author: - K.N. Wijesekara - W.S de Silva Department of Biotechnology, Horizon Campus, Sri Lanka GARI Publisher | Medicinal Plants | Volume: 04 | Issue: 07 Article ID: IN/GARI/ICATMMP/2018/115 | Pages: 33-42 (09) ISSN 2424-6492 | ISBN 978-955-7153-00-1 Edit: GARI Editorial Team | Received: 16.12.2018 | Publish: 20.01.2019 toxins, pesticides, and cytotoxicity testing This plant is famous for its rapid of dental materials (Carballo, 2002). movement of leaflets and it exists within a period of about three to five minutes. LITERATURE REVIEW The leaves move up and down rhythmically, as if the plant is dancing or Codariocalyx motorius (= D. gyrans sending out telegraphic messages. (Unnisa et al., 1994; Antkowiak & Therefore, the necessity of a time lapse Engelmann, 1995; Lev-Yadun, 2013; camera to see the movements can be Morse, 2018) = Hedysarum gyrans (Lev- avoided, as the rapid movements are Yadun, 2013; Morse, 2018) = observable to the naked eye. The leaf Desmodium motorium (Unnisa et al., system of Codariocalyx motorius consists 1994; Antkowiak & Engelmann, 1995; of a terminal leaflet and a maximum of Lev-Yadun, 2013; Morse, 2018)), is two lateral leaflets, all on the same stalk. known as the telegraph plant ("Taxonomy A set of one larger and two smaller - GRIN-Global Web v 1.10.3.6", 2018; leaflets are connected by a “hinge,” Ileperuma,2015), dancing plant which allows the leaflets to lift and rotate (Ileperuma,2015), or semaphore plant themselves. Moreover, the plant also (Ileperuma,2015;"Taxonomy - GRIN- produces small, purple colored flowers Global Web v 1.10.3.6", 2018). It belongs (Ileperuma, 2015). to the genus Codariocalyx ("Taxonomy - GRIN-Global Web v 1.10.3.6", 2018), In Siddha medicine, it is used as antidote, family Fabaceae (alt.Leguminosae) (Kim cardiac-tonic and wound healing et al., 2014; "Taxonomy - GRIN-Global ointment (Trout, 2002; Chidambaram et Web v 1.10.3.6", 2018), subfamily al., 2013; Kim et al., 2014; Uma et al., Faboideae ("Taxonomy - GRIN-Global 2014). It has also been used in curing Web v 1.10.3.6", 2018). snake bite poisons (Chidambaram et al., 2013). The roots are used as emollient, C. motorius is widely distributed laxative, antidysentric and to treat cough, throughout Asia-Temperate: China asthma and fever. The leaves exhibit (Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou, tonic, diuretic, febrifuge and aphrodisiac Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guangxi), Eastern properties. In Sikkim, Bengal, Bihar and Asia: Taiwan, Asia-Tropical :Indian Orissa, the root extract is used to cure Subcontinent[Bangladesh, Bhutan, India rheumatism (Jain 1991; Devi & (Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Narmathabai, 2011). Its roots possess the Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Goa, Haryana, highly active antioxidant substance which Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, can be used
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