“The American History of a POTTER Family” VOLUME I Chapter 1: *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 - 1690) Puritan, the First American, and Ipswich Cultivator of Fruit for the years ca. 1285 - 1690 by *Wilburn Metcalf Potter10 (1946 - ? )

“The American History of a POTTER Family”

VOLUME I Chapter 1: *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 - 1690) Puritan, the First American, and Ipswich Cultivator of Fruit for the years ca. 1285 - 1690 by *Wilburn Metcalf Potter10 (1946 - ? )

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Copyright Wilburn Metcalf Potter, 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, scanned, or distributed in any printed or electronic form without permission. First Edition: April, 2017 Printed in the United States of America

ISBN-10: 1946982229 ISBN-13: 9781946982223

Additional copies of this book can be purchased from:

TheBookPatch.com 7048 E. Main Street Scottsdale, AZ 85251 (480) 941-8355 or (480) 773-4447 www.thebookpatch.com [email protected]

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Other books by *WILBURN METCALF POTTER10 (1946 - ? )

(1) “The Seaman’s Journals of Captain LEONARD SAMUEL GRANT (1812 – 1880)” ---- Pilot – U.S. Coast Survey and Pilot – U.S. Revenue Cutter Service; compiled by *WILBURN METCALF POTTER10 (1946 - ? ) – Great Great Grandson; Copyright Wilburn Metcalf Potter, 2014; First Edition: January, 2014; ISBN # 978-1-620-30899-8. Available from: The Book Patch.com, 7048 E. Main Street, Scottsdale, Arizona 85251; (480) 941-8355 or (480) 773-4447; www.thebookpatch.com; [email protected]

(2) “An Anthology of the Music of BERT POTTER Published from 1904 to 1917” – *ALBERT LINCOLN (BERT) POTTER8 (1874 – 1930), ragtime music composer and publisher; compiled by *WILBURN METCALF POTTER10 (1946 - ? ), Grandson; Copyright Wilburn Metcalf Potter, 2015; First Edition: July, 2015; ISBN # 978-0-578-16615-5. Available from: 48 Hr Books, 2249 14th Street, S.W., Akron, Ohio 44314, (800) 231-0521; www.48HrBooks.com; [email protected]; minimum order quantity: 10 books.

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AUTHOR’S PREFACE

“The American History of a Potter Family” has been a labor of love commenced in 1976 with the passing of my beloved parents, *KENNETH DODGE POTTER9 (1906 – 1976) and *VONCEILE CAROLYN METCALF POTTER9 (1909 – 1976). I have spent many hours of my simple life researching our family’s history and writing down our story, I suppose because a sentimental young and old man loves to dwell upon the past and this is my foible. I have found so much enjoyment in discovering our rich heritage, learning about our many ancestors who have contributed in no small way to the greatness of the United States of America, and preserving with some detail their memory in this history. I have organized my book into ten chapters representing the first ten generations of our family in America beginning with my 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690), the First American, to myself, *WILBURN METCALF POTTER10 (1946 - ? ) of the tenth generation. The subscript after an individual’s name denotes the generation. For example, *WILBURN METCALF th POTTER10 (1946 - ? ) is one member of the 10 American generation, the subject of Chapter 10. The asterisk before an individual’s name indicates a direct bloodline (DNA) ancestor of mine, the author. I have added a number of appendices which include the family trees of some important family branches and other noteworthy information about our family. Many genealogical records reference “Old Style” and “New Style” dates. “Old Style” refers to the Julian calendar which began the New Year on “Lady Day,” March 25 and was used in and America until 1752. The period from January 1 to March 24 belonged to the “Old Year.” Beginning in the 1670s, record keepers used both the old and the new year for dates within this period; for example, February 15, 1691/92 would be February 15, 1692 when converted to “New Style.” You will find many old records prior to 1752 that reference the two years with the first year being the Julian calendar (“Old Style”) and the second year being the Gregorian calendar (“New Style”) which commences January 1st. For consistency in my book, where two dates were found, I have dropped the “Old Style” date and used just the “New Style” with January 1 commencing the New Year. In addition, since March was the first rather than the third month of the year, the “Old Style” convention of citing dates as follows: 25d, 6m, 1692 or 25.6.1692 translates to August 25, 1692 as August was the sixth month in “Old Style.” Basically add two to the month number to get the correct month. It is my burning desire and hope that this history will live on long after my passing, if not forever; for, “life is a little bit of time in which we learn to love forever.” This is an indication of the extent of my love of my family. I hope the reader of this will come to appreciate our family’s heritage, preserve my work as best they can, and reach the same conclusion as I have that this is a small piece of American history that deserves saving.

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Always remember: “Know where you come from so you may better know where to go. Know who you came from so you may better understand who you are.”

The Author: *WILBURN METCALF POTTER10 (1946 - ? ) Date: April 15, 2017 Place: Holly Springs, North Carolina.

The Author, *WILBURN METCALF POTTER10 (1946 _ ? ) and his wife, ELIZABETH ANNA DUNCAN POTTER10 (1944 - ? ). (1992 photograph)

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INTRODUCTION

PREAMBLE: In defense of the slaves while arguing the slave ship “Amistad” case before the United States Supreme Court in 1841, JOHN QUINCY ADAMS (1767 – 1848), Sixth President of the United States of America, eloquently said: “Who we are is who we were.” This is the story of who we were and who we are. This is the American history of ten generations of a proud New England POTTER family starting with England born *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690), the first forebear of our family to step on the North American continent. The eleventh and twelfth generations have been born and I leave the next chapter to one of them, hoping that one of them will have the same interest and pride in our family to write the next chapter. Who among us doesn’t at some time long to reenter the past, to touch and hear again what is lost?

DEDICATION: I began compiling the history of our family in 1976, the year both of my parents died. My mother, *VONCEILE METCALF POTTER9 (1909 – 1976) died on March 4, 1976 after a long, hard fought battle with cancer and my father, *KENNETH DODGE POTTER9 (1906 – 1976) died soon thereafter of cardiac arrest in his sleep on December 9, 1976. They were wonderful parents to my special brother, *KENNETH DODGE POTTER, JR10 (1944 - ? ) and me, *WILBURN METCALF POTTER10 (1946 - ? ). This history is dedicated to their memory!

PEDIGREE:

POTTER FAMILY PEDIGREE  English & Scottish: After ten generations of intermarrying on this continent, the POTTER family remains predominately an Anglo- Saxon family with a very strong English pedigree with some Scottish heritage. For ten generations, even the maiden names of our forefathers’ wives were British: STONE1 , THOMPSON1 , MARTIN1, WOOD2 , HADLEY3 , WILLIAMS4, WARE4 , HORR5, HANCOCK5 , WIGHT6 , GRANT7 , CAMPBELL7 , FRASER7 , DODGE8 , BRACKIN7 , DOWLING7 , CHILDS8 and METCALF9 to name a few.

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 Before becoming English, the METCALF9 family claims descent from the Danish Viking warrior, ARKEFRITH who came to England from Denmark with King CANUTE in 1016.  The STROUD family that married into the METCALF family claims a French heritage and further claims descent from the Emperor CHARLEMAGNE.

 The HORE (HORR) family that married into the POTTER family is descended from the Norman-Welsh knight, Sir WILLIAM Le HORE (living 1169 and 1190) known as the “White Knight.”  The 11th Generation now has Italian pedigree via the NEMICCOLO9 family of Avellino, Italy near Naples, and the PETRILLO9 family. th  The 12 Generation now has an Irish pedigree via the SMITH11 family of Sligo, Ireland.

We are descended from three famous Highland Scottish Clans: 1. Clan Grant (principal branch of Clan MacGregor): Great Grandmother *FLORA E. GRANT (FLO) POTTER7 (1848 – 1928), daughter of Captain *LEONARD SAMUEL GRANT6 (1812 – 1880), is a direct descendant of *PETER GRANT0 (ca. 1631 – ca. 1712), “The Scottish Exile” of the Clan Grant of the Strathspey, Moray region of the Scotland Highlands. Castle Grant is located 1.5 miles north of Grantown-on- Spey in Strathspey, Moray, Scotland. Castle Grant is haunted by the ghost of Lady BARBARA GRANT. >>>[See: “APPENDIX 7A: *GRANT PEDIGREE”]<<<

2. Clan Campbell: Grandmother *ELEANOR (ELLA) THERESA DODGE POTTER8 (1876 – 1951), daughter of Great Grandmother *MARY FRANCES CAMPBELL RYAN DODGE7 (ca. 1845 – 1926), and granddaughter of 2X Great Grandfather *DANIEL W. CAMPBELL6 (1818 – 1900) of Clan Campbell. The chief of Clan Campbell has for centuries been the Duke of Argyll whose home is Inveraray Castle (18th Century) which is located one mile north of the village of Inveraray, Argyll, Scotland.

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3. Clan Fraser: Grandmother *ELEANOR (ELLA) THERESA DODGE POTTER8 (1876 – 1951), daughter of Great Grandmother *MARY FRANCES CAMPBELL RYAN DODGE7 (ca. 1845 – 1926), and granddaughter of 2X Great Grandmother *MARGARET FRASER CAMPBELL6 (1818 – 1904) of the Clan Fraser. There are two castles associated with Clan Fraser: (1) Beaufort Castle (19th Century) located near Beauly, west of Inverness, which is the traditional seat of the chiefs of the Clan Fraser, and (2) Moniak Castle (16th Century) located seven miles west of Inverness just south of Beauly.

ROOTS: Our first American ancestor, the Puritan emigrant *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690), left us few clues as to the name of his parents or his place of birth in England. After many years of exhaustive research in the United States, I have found no definitive information about his roots. I have traced his roots all over England but primarily to the area surrounding and East Anglia (Essex or Suffolk Counties), England where many Puritan New England families derive their origins. I believe the answers lie somewhere in England. His fathers-in-law and a number of genealogists have given us some promising leads.

A. FATHERS-IN-LAW: (1) Braintree or Bocking, Essex county: *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 - 1690) may have been born in or near Braintree or Bocking, Essex County, England where his first father-in-law and possible step-father, JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), had lived before immigrating to America. There was no one closer to *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 –1690) in America than JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) and his second wife, SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 (1599 – 1658), who raised him in Ipswich, . One hypothesis is that JOHN WHIPPLE0’s first wife, SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1594 – before 1634), was *ANTHONY POTTER1’s aunt and–therefore, JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) was his uncle. Since JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) raised him, there must have been a formal family relationship between them. (2) Great Bromley, Essex County: The GREGORY STONE1 (1591 – 1672) family (our second in-laws) hailed from–Great Bromley and the surrounding villages in northeast Essex County, England.

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B. GENEALOGISTS: Genealogists have reported a wide variety of locations for *ANTHONY POTTER1’s birthplace in England about 1628. No doubt there were a number of ANTHONY POTTERs living in England at that time. Sorting this out will require some research in England. Here are the leads: (a) Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire County, near London; (b) Newport Pagnell, Buckinghamshire County; (c) Coventry, West Midlands County, Warwickshire; (d) Covington, Huntingdonshire District, Cambridgeshire; (e) Thetford, Norfolk; and (f) Theydon Garnon, Epping, Essex. The answer to *ANTHONY POTTER1’s (1628 – 1690) roots lies somewhere in England. >>>[See: CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER”]<<<

RELIGION: Our family has always been a Christian family. However, we have moved from the rigid Calvinist Protestant (Puritan) of the 16th and 17th centuries progressively through the more liberal American Congregational theology of the 18th Century and the even more liberal Unitarian and Christian Scientist of the 19th century. At the beginning of the 20th Century we joined the Roman and have been Catholic ever since. However, by the 21st Century, some of the family seems to be moving away from altogether and more agnostic and atheistic views are evolving. Nevertheless, there remain a number of devout Christians in our family. A devout Roman Catholic myself, I hope future generations will heed the taught the visionary children by the Angel of Peace at Fatima, Portugal in 1916: “My , I believe, I adore, I hope, and I love you. I ask your forgiveness for those who do not believe, nor adore, nor hope, nor love you.” The Great Puritan Migration (1630 to 1640) to New England brought our first forefather, *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690), to this continent. *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) was a Puritan, a Protestant with strong Calvinist beliefs, a Freeman of Ipswich, Massachusetts, and one of the earliest members of the First Congregational Church in Ipswich, Massachusetts. We remained Protestants (Congregationalist, Unitarian, and Christian Scientist) through the 17th, 18th and 19th Centuries. However, near the turn of the 20th Century, we became Roman Catholic when the first Catholic, *ELEANOR (ELLA) THERESA DODGE POTTER8 (1876 – 1951), married Protestant Grandfather *ALBERT LINCOLN POTTER8 (1874 – 1930) on August 2, 1898 in , Massachusetts. Their four children were raised as devout Catholics who have passed this in turn to their children.

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ELDERS & DEACONS: PROTESTANT ELDERS and DEACONS of the POTTER FAMILY No. Name Title Church 1. SIMON STONE0 Deacon. (1) St. George’s, Great Bromley, (1585/86 – 1665) Essex, England. (Uncle) (2) First Congregational Church, Watertown, Massachusetts. 2. *GREGORY STONE0 Deacon. (1) St. George’s, Great Bromley, (1592 – 1672) Essex, England. (8X Great Grandfather) (2) First Congregational Church, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 3. JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1) Deacon (1) St. Mary’s, Bocking, Essex, (1596 – 1669) (2) Deacon England. (Father-in-Law) and Ruling (2) First Congregational Church, Elder -1658 Ipswich, Massachusetts. 4. ANTHONY POTTER JR2 Deacon First Congregational Church, (1667 – 1756) Ipswich, Massachusetts. 5. AARON POTTER3 Deacon South Congregational Church, (1699 – 1776) Ipswich, Massachusetts. 6. *ANTHONY POTTER4 Deacon – Linebrook Parish (Congregational) (1724 – 1791) Jan. 3, Church, Ipswich, Massachusetts. (4X Great Grandfather) 1771 7. ISAAC POTTER5 Deacon Linebrook Parish (Congregational) (1763 – 1830) Church, Ipswich, Massachusetts. 8. NATHANIEL POTTER6 Deacon – Congregational Church, (1804 – 1887) about 50 Bridgton, . yrs.

HOME: New England remained the home of our family for the first twelve generations of Americans and only recently has some of us decided to explore this wonderful land of ours by settling elsewhere. However, one can easily track the first twelve generations of our family in New England. Here’s where we lived in sequence: A. Massachusetts: Cambridge, Ipswich, Ipswich Farms (Linebrook Parish), and Rowley; then, north to Maine. B. Maine: Bridgton, Waterford, Otisfield, Windham, and Brownfield (Fryeburg), and Prospect, Belfast, Rockland, and Portland; and back to Massachusetts. C. Massachusetts: Boston, Dorchester, Hyde Park, Hull, Cohasset, Natick, North Billerica, Sharon, Bridgewater, South Boston, Salem, Newbury, East Walpole, Wenham, and Newburyport.

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The furthest of these places from Boston is only a few hours by automobile. They are all very scenic places to visit.

CEMETERIES: Many of our ancestors are buried in the following cemeteries: >>>[See: “APPENDIX “H”: CEMETERY GUIDE”]<<< I. POTTER: (1) Ancient Old North Burial Ground (1634), Main St., Ipswich, Massachusetts; (2) Old Linebrook Parish Cemetery, Linebrook Road & Newbury Road, Ipswich, Massachusetts (near Topsfield, Rowley and Ipswich town lines); (3) Wadsworth Cemetery (“The Old Putnam Burying Ground”), Summer Street, Danvers, Massachusetts; (POTTER & PUTNAM) [Note: PUTNAMs are also buried in the “Putnam Burial Ground” on Maple St. and Preston Street in Danvers, Massachusetts.] (4) Ridge Cemetery, Upper Ridge Road and Chadbourne Hill Road, North Bridgton, Maine; (5) Forest Hills Cemetery, Kansas Road, Bridgton, Maine; (6) Nathan Wight Family Cemetery, Route 121, Otisfield, Maine; (WIGHT & POTTER) (7) Burnt Meadow Cemetery, Old Route 113, Misty Lane, East Brownfield, Maine; (8) Hickory Grove Cemetery (old part), 15th Street, Laurel, Mississippi; (REBECCA GRIFFITH CROWDER AMMONS POTTER7) (9) Forest Hills Cemetery, Lot # 3360, Buckthorn Path, Jamaica Plain (Boston), Massachusetts; (POTTER & GRANT) (10) Holy Cross Cemetery, Broadway St., Malden, Massachusetts; (CAMPBELL) (11) New Calvary Cemetery, Harvard St., Mattapan (Boston), Massachusetts. (RYAN & ROACH).

II. STONE: (1) Old Burying Ground in Harvard Square, Garden St. and Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

III. WIGHT: (1) Nathan Wight Family Cemetery, State Route 121, Otisfield, Maine; (WIGHT & POTTER) (2) Elmwood Cemetery, Rayville Road, Otisfield, Maine; (3) Bell Hill Cemetery, Bell Hill Road, Otisfield, Maine; (WIGHT & HANCOCK) (4) Mount Auburn Cemetery, Mount Auburn St., Cambridge, Massachusetts; (5) Walnut Hills Cemetery, Grove St. and Allandale Rd., Brookline, Massachusetts; (6) Forest Hills Cemetery, Lot # 6153, Erica & Aquilegia Path, Oak Avenue, Jamaica Plain (Boston), Massachusetts.

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IV. WARE: (1) Wrentham Center Cemetery (1673), Dedham Street (Route 1A), Wrentham, Massachusetts. (WARE & WHITING)

V. GRANT: (1) Maple Grove Cemetery, Bangor Road (Rte. 1A), Prospect, Maine; (2) Forest Hills Cemetery, Lot # 3360, Buckthorn Path, Jamaica Plain (Boston), Massachusetts.

VI. METCALF: (1) Union Presbyterian Church Cemetery, County Road 13, Arguta Community, Dale County, Alabama; (2) Daleville City Cemetery, Daleville, Alabama; (3) Hartford Cemetery, West Commerce Street, Hartford, Alabama; (4) Chapel of the Pines, 1605 South Catalina St., Los Angeles, California; (ROAN) (5) Forest Hills Cemetery, Lot # 3360, Buckthorn Path, Jamaica Plain (Boston), Massachusetts; (POTTER) (6) Live Oak Park Memorial Cemetery, East North Avenue, Crestview, Florida; (STEELE) (7) Evergreen Cemetery, Route 189, Elba, Alabama. (WATERS)

VII. BRACKIN: (1) Old Claybank Cemetery, West Andrews Avenue (Route 249), Ozark, Dale County, Alabama; (2) Daleville City Cemetery, Daleville, Dale County, Alabama; (3) Hartford City Cemetery, Hartford, Geneva County, Alabama; (4) Providence Cemetery, State Highway 85, Chancellor, Geneva County, Alabama; (5) Geneva City Cemetery, Geneva, Geneva County, Alabama.

VIII. CHILDS: (1) St. Paul Church Cemetery, County Road 36 (near Route # 167), Geneva County, Alabama (6 miles outside of Hartford, Alabama); (2) Mt. Gilead Primitive Baptist Church Cemetery, County Hwy 41, Geneva County, Alabama (6.5 miles north of Hartford, Alabama).

IX. DOWLING: (1) Old Claybank Cemetery, West Andrews Avenue (Route 249), Ozark, Dale County, Alabama; (2) Providence Cemetery, State Highway 85, Chancellor, Geneva County, Alabama. (BRACKIN)

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X. NEMICCOLO: (1) Knollwood Memorial Park, High Street, Canton, Massachusetts.

SALEM VILLAGE (DANVERS) WITCHCRAFT HYSTERIA OF 1692: In the early history of New England, the most memorable event the POTTER family was involved in and directly experienced was the “Salem Village (Danvers) Witchcraft Hysteria of 1692.” *SUSANNAH NORTH MARTIN1 (1621 – 1692) was one of the innocent citizens executed on July 19, 1692 on Gallows Hill in Salem, Massachusetts for allegedly practicing witchcraft during the infamous “Salem Witch Trial Hysteria of 1692.” She was our 7X Great Grandmother. Her daughter was *JANE MARTIN HADLEY2 (1656 – after 1704), the mother of her namesake, 5X Great Grandmother *SUSANNAH HADLEY POTTER3 (ca. 1693/94 – 1739), who married our 5X Great Grandfather *THOMAS POTTER3 (1691 – 1753) of Ipswich Farms (Linebrook Parish), Massachusetts. At the time of this shameful episode, most of the POTTERs lived in neighboring Ipswich, Massachusetts and remained impartial observers of the spectacle. However, earlier in 1683 *ANTHONY POTTER1‘s daughter, Aunt LYDIA POTTER PUTNAM2 (ca. 1661 – 1745), married into the infamous PUTNAM family who was at the center of the accusations that started the Salem Witch Trials of 1692. Her husband, Captain JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1659 – 1739), was constable in Salem Village. Captain JONATHAN PUTNAM2’s (1659 – 1739) father, uncles, and cousins were all involved as the “chief prosecutors in this business” producing complaints, warrants and accusatory testimony. His twelve-year old cousin, ANN PUTNAM3 (1679 – 1716) was the most active and leader of the “afflicted girls” who were at the center of this American tragedy. Aunt LYDIA POTTER PUTNAM2 had a front row seat to the hysteria as no fewer than forty-six Salem Village neighbors were accused as witches, many tried for witchcraft, four died in jail, nineteen were hanged including our 7X Great Grandmother *SUSANNAH NORTH MARTIN1 (1621 – 1692), and one was pressed to death. >>>[See: “CHAPTER 2: *SAMUEL POTTER”]<<<

KING PHILIP’S WAR (1675 – 1676): Many POTTER sons answered the call of our country for its defense starting with the Ipswich, Massachusetts brothers JOHN “the cooper” POTTER2 (1653 – 1718) and EDMUND POTTER2 (1655 – 1702), eldest sons of 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (1628 – 1690), who fought in “King Philip’s Indian War (1675 – 1676)” in eastern Massachusetts and Rhode Island. (1) JOHN “the cooper” POTTER2 (1653 – 1718) served in Captain WHEELER2’s company and was credited for garrison duty service at Groton, Massachusetts in July, 1676.

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(2) EDMUND POTTER2 (1655 – 1702) served as a trooper in Captain JOHN APPLETON2’s Essex County cavalry troop. He gallantly fought the Narragansett Indians at the “Great Swamp Fight” at South Kingston, Rhode Island on December 19, 1675 and served in the subsequent frigid “Narragansett Winter Campaign” of 1676. >>>[See: “CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER”]<<<

LOVEWELL’S INDIAN WAR or DUMMER’S INDIAN WAR (1721 – 1725): 7X Great Grandfather *JAMES GRANT I1 (1672 – 1735) was a Captain of a militia company from Berwick, York County, Maine who served with distinction in “Lovewell’s Indian War” or “Dummer’s Indian War” with three marches in 1725. He had been wounded by raiding Indians in 1692 when he was a young man.

SIEGE OF LOUISBURG, CAPE BRETON ISLAND, NOVA SCOTIA (1745): (1) 6X Great Grandfather JAMES GRANT II2 (1703 – 1765) of Berwick and Montsweag (now Woolwich), Maine was a Captain of the 4th Company of the Third Massachusetts Regiment under the command of the famous Colonel JEREMIAH MOULTON2 (1688 – 1765) at the siege of the French Fort Louisburg on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia in 1745. (2) Uncle PETER GRANT2 (1696 – 1756) of Berwick, Maine was a Lieutenant in a militia company at the siege of the French Fort Louisburg on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia in 1745.

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR (1754 – 1763): When provincial regiments and their militia companies all over New England were called up in 1756 to fight the French and Indians, 4X Great Grandfather Deacon *ANTHONY POTTER4 (1724 – 1791) and First Cousin SAMUEL POTTER JR4 (1719 – 1759) both of Linebrook Parish (formerly Ipswich Farms), Ipswich, Massachusetts answered the call. They served in the First Company of Foot from Linebrook Parish under Captain ISRAEL DAVIS4 (ca. 1727 – ca. 1788/89) of Topsfield, Massachusetts who was the brother-in-law of 4X Great Grandfather Deacon *ANTHONY POTTER4 (1724 – 1791). In addition, in 1757 6X Great Grandfather JAMES GRANT II2 (1703 – 1765) of Montsweag, Maine also answered the call. >>>[See: “CHAPTER 4: *Deacon ANTHONY POTTER”]<<<

(1) In 1756 Captain ISRAEL DAVIS4 (ca. 1727 – ca. 1788/89), brother-in-law of Deacon *ANTHONY POTTER4 (1724 – 1791), led the First Company of Foot from Linebrook Parish to New York where it was assigned to the 2nd Regiment under Colonel THOMAS BERRY4 for the 1756 “Crown Point Campaign.” In August, 1756, the company was re-assigned to the 3rd Massachusetts Regiment CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 14

garrisoning Fort William Henry on Lake George, New York under the command of Colonel JONATHAN BAGLEY4 (1717 – 1780) of Amesbury, Massachusetts who had built the fort and was its first commander. (2) 4X Great Grandfather, Deacon *ANTHONY POTTER4 (1724 – 1791) of Ipswich Farms, Massachusetts, had attained the rank of Sergeant in the First Company of Foot from Linebrook Parish. (3) First Cousin SAMUEL POTTER JR4 (1719 – 1759), the son of Uncle SAMUEL POTTER3 (ca. 1688 – 1747) of Ipswich Farms, Massachusetts, was probably a Private in the First Company of Foot from Linebrook Parish. (4) 6X Great Grandfather JAMES GRANT II2 (1703 – 1765) of Montsweag, Maine was Captain of the Montsweag Militia in 1757.

AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY WAR (1775 – 1783):

During the “American Revolutionary War (1775 – 1783),” the following POTTER ancestors and relatives patriotically served their country:

(1) 4X Great Grandfather Deacon *ANTHONY POTTER4 (1724 – 1791) of Ipswich Farms, Massachusetts; (2) Uncle Deacon ISAAC POTTER5 (1763 – 1830), son of 4X Great Grandfather Deacon *ANTHONY POTTER4 (1724 – 1791) of Ipswich Farms, Massachusetts and older brother of 3X Great Grandfather *ELIJAH POTTER5 (1770 – 1844); he was a Private in a Massachusetts unit; (3) Cousin DANIEL POTTER JR4 (1739 – 1814) of Ipswich, Massachusetts; (4) 4X Great Grandfather *JOSEPH WIGHT SR4 (1729 – 1804) of Wrentham, Massachusetts, served in Captain OLIVER POND4’s Company of Colonel JOSEPH READ4’s Regiment; (5) 4X Great Grandfather Lieutenant *JOSEPH HANCOCK SR4 (1740 – 1815) of Wrentham, Massachusetts, served in Captain JOHN LINCOLN4’s Company of Colonel JOSEPH WEBB4’s Regiment; and (6) SAMUEL POTTER5 (relationship unsure – possibly Cousin) served in the American Revolutionary War (1775 – 1783). (7) General ISRAEL PUTNAM3 (1718 – 1790): By the 1783 marriage of Aunt LYDIA POTTER (PUTNAM)2 (ca. 1661 – 1745)) into the PUTNAM family of Salem Village (Danvers), Massachusetts, we are distantly connected by marriage to the famous Revolutionary War General ISRAEL PUTNAM3 (1718 – 1790) who is traditionally credited with having said: “Don’t shoot until you see the whites of their eyes!” at the battle of Bunker Hill on June 17, 1775. >>>[See: “CHAPTER 4: *Deacon ANTHONY POTTER”]<<<

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MILITARY AND OFFICIAL TITLES: After the “American Revolutionary War,” a number of our forefathers earned military, ship captain, constable, or postal service titles including:  Colonel DAVID POTTER5 (1765 – 1830), Deputy Sheriff, Baldwin, Maine;  Major JACOB SMITH5 (1771 – 1846), Bridgton and Fryeburg, Maine;  Ensign ASA POTTER6 (1797 – 1850), Bridgton, Maine;  Captain WILLIAMS POTTER6 (1802 – 1870), Bridgton and West Bethel, Maine;  Captain JOHN FOWLER POTTER6 (1809 – 1885), Postmaster of North Bridgton, Maine; and,  2X Great Grandfather, Captain *LEONARD SAMUEL GRANT6 (1812 – 1880), Pilot and Sailing Master of the U.S. Coast Survey Service and U. S. Revenue Cutter Service.

AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (1861 – 1865): During the “ (1861 – 1865),” we had ancestors who fought on both sides. For the North our forefathers and cousins served in Massachusetts and Maine units. For the South, our forefathers served in Alabama and Florida units. [See “CHAPTER 6: *GILBERT POTTER” and “CHAPTER 7: *ALGERNON SIDNEY POTTER”] A. North (Union Army): (1) Maine: a. GILBERT FRANKLIN (FRANK) POTTER7 (1843 – 1868) – Uncle; Private, 12th Maine Infantry Regiment of Volunteers. b. ALBERT LIBBY WIGHT7 (1845 – 1866) – First Cousin; Private, 12th Maine Infantry Regiment of Volunteers. c. JAMES COLBY WIGHT7 (1843 – 1862) – First Cousin; Private, 17th Maine Infantry Regiment of Volunteers. (2) Massachusetts: a. *ALGERNON SIDNEY POTTER7 (1841 – 1893) – Great Grandfather; Private, 13th Massachusetts Regiment of Volunteers. B. South (Confederate Army): (1) Alabama: a. JAMES DOWLING6 (1823 – 1864), Uncle – son of 3X Great Grandfather Reverend *DEMPSY (DEMPSEY) DOWLING5 (1783 – 1865); Private, Company “A”, 4th Florida Infantry Battalion, later re-designated as the 11th Florida Infantry Regiment; died while in C.S.A. service in September, 1864 from “chronic diarrhea.” b. *MATHIAS LAWRENCE BRACKIN6 (1824 – 1899), 2X Great Grandfather; father-in-law of *MARION LAFAYETTE (FATE) st th METCALF7 (1843 – 1927); served as 1 Sergeant in Company “I”, 57

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Alabama Infantry Regiment with his future son-in-law. c. *WILLIAM GREEN (BUCK) CHILDS6 (1824 – 1902) – 2X Great Grandfather; Private, Company “F”, 53rd Alabama Partisan Rangers (also known as the 53rd Alabama Mounted Infantry Regiment). d. *JOSEPH J. “C.S.A.” SUMMERSETT6 (1825 – 1902/03), 2X Great Grandfather; maternal grandfather of Grandmother *GYPSIE LEE CHILDS METCALF8 (1888 – 1980); served as Corporal and then Sergeant in Company “G”, 61st Alabama Infantry Regiment. e. AARON HENRY CHILDS6 (1836 – 1926) – Half Brother of *WILLIAM GREEN (BUCK) CHILDS6’ (1824 – 1902); served as Private, Company “G”, 5th Alabama Infantry. f. GREEN METCALF7 (1841 – 1915) – Brother of Great Grandfather *MARION LAFAYETTE (FATE) METCALF7’s (1843 – 1927); believed to have served in the C.S.A. Army but his unit is unknown. g. *MARION LAFAYETTE (FATE) METCALF7 (1843 – 1927) – Great Grandfather; Private, 57th Alabama Infantry Regiment of Volunteers. h. SIMEON W. BRACKIN7 (1846 – 1914), Uncle – son of 2X Great Grandfather *MATHIAS LAWRENCE BRACKIN6 (1824 – 1899); served as Private in Company “E” (Captain William A. Jeter’s Company) of the “5th Florida Cavalry Battalion.” Listed as “absent without leave” on February 19, 1865. i. ELISHA COLUMBUS (LUM) CHILDS7 (1848 – 1923), Uncle – son of *WILLIAM GREEN (BUCK) CHILDS6 (1824 – 1902); served as Private, Company “F”, 53rd Alabama Partisan Rangers (also known as the 53rd Alabama Mounted Infantry Regiment); served with his father. He was our Grandmother’s, *GYPSIE LEE CHILDS METCALF8’s, uncle.

WORLD WAR I (1917 -1918): (1) Uncle ALBERT NEWELL POTTER9 (1899 – 1967) answered the call and served in France as a Private with the 101st Infantry Regiment (“Boston’s Own”), 26th Division (“The Yankee Division”), U.S. Army. He was wounded by German mustard gas attacks but recovered with no disability. (2) Uncle SIDNEY ALGERNON POTTER9 (1900 – 1975) served with the U.S. Navy in WW I; after the war he was a ship fitter at the Charlestown Navy Yard in Boston, Massachusetts.

WORLD WAR II (1941 – 1945): (1) KENNETH DODGE POTTER9 (1906 – 1976), my father, served with the U.S. Army Air Force (U.S.A.A.F.) between April 4, 1942 and September 27, 1945. He was a quartermaster (supply) Staff Sergeant attached to the 91st Basic Flying Training Squadron and the 91st Pilot CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 17

Transition Training Squadron (4 engine – Consolidated B-24 Liberator Bombers) at Maxwell Field in Montgomery, Alabama. He received the following decorations: American Defense Medal (WW II) and Good Conduct Medal. Prior to WW II, from July 5, 1923 to February 13, 1925, he served as a Private in Battery “B”, 101st Field Artillery, in the Massachusetts National Guard where he became an accomplished equestrian. (2) FELICIANO PHILIP NEMICCOLO9 (1925 – 2000), father of DOROTHY ANN NEMICCOLO POTTER10 (1947 - ? ), served with the U.S. Army between April 23, 1943 and October 6, 1945. He was a Technician Fifth Grade (T/5) assigned to the 7th Engineer Battalion, 5th Infantry Division, Third Army commanded by Lt. General GEORGE S. PATTON JR.8 (1885 – 1945) and served in the European Theater of the war. He fought in the following battles and campaigns: Normandy, Northern France, Rhineland, Central Europe, and the Ardennes. He received the following decorations: EAME Theater Ribbon with 5 Bronze Stars, and Good Conduct Ribbon.

VIETNAM WAR ERA (1965 – 1974): (1) Sergeant ALBERT NEWELL (BERT) POTTER JR10 (1944 - ? ) U. S. Air Force, served with the Strategic Air Command of the U.S. Air Force as a crew fireman at Plattsburg Air Force Base (a B-52 Bomber base), New York in the mid-1960s. (2) Petty Officer First Class KENNETH DODGE POTTER JR10 (1944 -? ), U.S. Coast Guard Reserve, served with the U.S. Coast Guard Reserve from July 1, 1967 to June, 1973 as a Petty Officer First Class assigned to U.S. Coast Guard Base Boston. He was a coxswain on a buoy tender that ranged between Boston Harbor and Woods Hole, Massachusetts. (3) Lieutenant WILBURN METCALF POTTER10 (1946 - ? ), U. S. Navy, served with the U.S. Navy from July, 1969 until January, 1974. He was a Naval Flight Officer (Bombardier/Navigator) in A-6A and A-6E Intruder attack aircraft assigned to Attack Squadron Sixty-Five (VA-65) onboard the U. S. S. Independence (CV-62) aircraft carrier. He also flew as the refueling systems operator in KA-6D Intruder aerial tankers. He served on the U. S. S. Independence (CV-62) for two seven month cruises to the Mediterranean Sea in support of NATO. He logged over 200 carrier landings.

FAMOUS RELATIONSHIPS: Like most American families, none of our POTTER ancestors can be found in American History books. However, we do claim relationships to three famous Americans: 1. *SUSANNAH NORTH MARTIN1 (1621 – 1692), accused and executed witch: *SUSANNAH NORTH MARTIN1 (1621 – 1692) was one of the innocent citizens executed on July 19, 1692 on Gallows Hill in Salem, Massachusetts for allegedly practicing witchcraft during the infamous “Salem Witch Trial Hysteria of CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 18

1692.” She was our 7X Great Grandmother. Her daughter was *JANE MARTIN HADLEY2 (1656 – after 1704), the mother of her namesake, *SUSANNAH HADLEY POTTER3 (ca. 1694 – 1739), who married our 5X Great Grandfather *THOMAS POTTER3 (1691 – 1753) of Ipswich Farms, Massachusetts. >>>[See: “CHAPTER 2: *SAMUEL POTTER”]<<<

st 2. CHESTER A. ARTHUR6 (1829 -1886), “21 President of the United States”: *JANE MARTIN HADLEY2 (1656 – after 1704), mother of *SUSANNAH HADLEY POTTER3 (ca. 1694 – 1739) of Ipswich Farms, was the 4X Great Grandmother of CHESTER A. ARTHUR6 (1829 – 1886), the “21st President of the United States,” (image at right) making him a distant cousin.

3. NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE6 (1804 – 1864), famous author: NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE6 (1804 – 1864), the famous author of “The Letter (1850),” of Salem, Massachusetts, is a distant cousin. He is a direct descendant of our 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (1628 – 1690) via his son, ANTHONY POTTER JR2 (1667 – 1756), and his granddaughter, RUTH POTTER MANNING3 (1709 – 1791). >>>[See: “CHAPTER 3: *THOMAS POTTER”]<<<

FAMOUS FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS VIA MARRIAGE: 1. General ISRAEL PUTNAM3 (1718 – 1790), French & Indian War and Revolutionary War folk hero: General ISRAEL PUTNAM3 (1718 – 1790) was the son of JOSEPH PUTNAM2 (1669 – 1725) of Salem Village, Massachusetts. He was the second cousin of our Uncle JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1659 – 1739) of Salem Village who married Aunt LYDIA POTTER (PUTNAM)2 (ca. 1661 – 1745) in 1683. The famous Revolutionary War General ISRAEL PUTNAM3 (1718 – 1790) is traditionally credited with having contributed to the American heritage the line, “Don’t shoot until you see the whites of their eyes!” at the battle of Bunker Hill on June 17, 1775. >>>[See: “CHAPTER 4: *Deacon ANTHONY POTTER”]<<<

2. Brigadier General WILLIAM WHIPPLE4 (1730 – 1785), Signer of “The Declaration of Independence”: Brigadier General WILLIAM WHIPPLE4 (1730 – 1785), of Revolutionary War fame and one of the signers of “The Declaration of Independence” representing New Hampshire in the Continental Congress, was the great, great grandson of Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) of Ipswich, Massachusetts. Elder JOHN CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 19

WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) was the father-in-law and possibly the step-father or uncle of our 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (1628 – 1690). >>>[See: “CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER”]<<<

3. DANIEL WEBSTER5 (1782 – 1852), the great statesman from Massachusetts: DANIEL WEBSTER5 (1782 – 1852), the great statesman from Massachusetts, was a direct descendant of RICHARD KIMBALL0 (ca. 1595 – 1675), the immigrant, and his first wife URSULA SCOTT KIMBALL0 who settled in Ipswich, Massachusetts. The KIMBALL family was very close to the POTTER family, for three of *ANTHONY POTTER1’s offspring (1) (JOHN “the cooper” POTTER2 (1652/53 – 1718), (2) ELIZABETH POTTER KIMBALL2 (ca. 1661 – 1723), and (3) THOMAS POTTER2 (ca. 1664 – 1745), would marry grandchildren of RICHARD KIMBALL0 (ca. 1595 – 1675). >>>[See: “CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER”]<<<

FAMILY RELATIONSHIP MYTHS: 1. Governor JOHN HANCOCK4, Signer of “The Declaration of Independence”: The most notable family myth is the claimed relationship to Governor JOHN HANCOCK4, Signer of “The Declaration of Independence.” *ABIGAIL HANCOCK WIGHT POTTER6’s (1817 – 1851) grandfather, was Lieutenant *JOSEPH HANCOCK SR4 (1740 – 1815) of Wrentham, Massachusetts and Otisfield, Maine. The “History of Cumberland County, Maine” states that Lieutenant *JOSEPH HANCOCK SR4 (1740 – 1815), one of the first settlers of Otisfield, Maine, was a “cousin” of JOHN HANCOCK4 (1737 – 1793) (image at right) of the Continental Congress and Signer of “The Declaration of Independence.” However, this relationship claim has not been corroborated yet by genealogical research in the United States. Both the Wrentham, Massachusetts and Otisfield, Maine Historical Societies have tracked Lieutenant *JOSEPH HANCOCK4’s (1740 – 1815) lineage only three generations back to the first American, *ANTHONY HANCOCK SR1 (ca. 1655 - ? ), who may have emigrated from England as an indentured servant. No connection to Governor JOHN HANCOCK4 (1737 – 1793) has been found over these three generations in America. It is still possible that there is a connection further back in England and that we are distantly related. >>>[See: “APPENDIX “A”: *HANCOCK PEDIGREE”]<<<

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th 2. ULYSSES SIMPSON GRANT7 (1822 – 1885), the “18 President of the United States”: Another notable myth is the claimed relationship to General ULYSSES th SIMPSON GRANT7 (1822 – 1885), the “18 President of the United States of America.” Great Grandmother *FLORENCE ELLA (FLORA E.) GRANT POTTER7 (1848 – 1928) was the daughter of Captain *LEONARD SAMUEL GRANT6 (1812 – 1880) of Prospect, Belfast, Rockland, and Portland, Maine, and Boston, Massachusetts. Because of our GRANT ancestry, someone along the way presumed that we are related to President ULYSSES SIMPSON GRANT7 (1822 – 1885). This is a myth. President ULYSSES SIMPSON GRANT7 (1822 – 1885) (image at left) is descended from King DAVID I (1084 – 1153), King of Scots, who ruled southern Scotland below the highlands, and the SIMPSON family that has its roots in Ireland. President GRANT7 is descended from MATTHEW GRANT0 (1601 – 1681) who emigrated from England in 1630 at the beginning of the Great Puritan Migration and first lived at Dorchester, Massachusetts. Our family is not related to the immigrant, MATTHEW GRANT0 (1601 – 1681). 2X Great Grandfather Captain *LEONARD SAMUEL GRANT6 (1812 – 1880) is descended from the “Scottish Exile,” PETER GRANT0 (1631/34 – ca. 1712), of the Highland Clan GRANT of the Strathspey, Moray region of the Scotland Highlands. Castle Grant is located 1.5 miles north of Grantown-on-Spey in Strathspey, Moray, Scotland. >>>[See: “APPENDIX “7A”: *GRANT PEDIGREE”]<<< Possibly this myth started because Captain *LEONARD SAMUEL GRANT6 (1812 – 1880) did personally meet President ULYSSES SIMPSON GRANT7 (1822 – 1885) face-to-face on August 15, 1873 in Rockland, Maine. Per Captain *LEONARD SAMUEL GRANT6’s (1812 – 1880) Seaman’s Journal while serving as Pilot of the U.S. Revenue Cutter Hugh McCulloch, President GRANT7 and his party embarked on the U.S. Revenue Cutter Hugh McCulloch at Rockland, Maine at 1:05 PM on August 15, 1873 with the intended destination of . However, because of heavy fog, they had to divert to North Haven Island where the President and his party disembarked that evening. No doubt they met briefly on this voyage, but because of the inclement weather, Pilot *LEONARD SAMUEL GRANT6 spent most of his time on the bridge to insure the safety of the President and his party. >>>[See: “CHAPTER 7: *ALGERNON SIDNEY POTTER”]<<< Thus, it has been determined that President ULYSSES SIMPSON GRANT7 (1822 – 1885) and 2X Great Grandfather Captain *LEONARD SAMUEL GRANT6 (1812 – 1880) have met but are not related.

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ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT: A number of our ancestors dabbled in the arts: (1) Great Grandmother *FLORA E. GRANT (FLO) POTTER7 (1848 – 1928) was known as “the Boston Soprano” and gave concerts in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and New York. A Boston socialite, she was a talented pianist and vocalist who was a generous sponsor of the arts. Her two sons also dabbled in the arts. (2) Grandfather *ALBERT LINCOLN (BERT) POTTER8 (1874 – 1930) composed and published music under the name, BERT POTTER. From 1904 until 1917, he composed and had published at least forty musical works including Pretty Kate Maloney (1904) – a Waltz-Song; A Swell Affair (1904) – an uptempo rag piano solo that is considered a minor classic today; Just Make It Moxie for Mine (1904) – a soft drink jingle for the Moxie Nerve Food Company; Emmalina (1905) – a Coon Song for black face performers; Sweet Mollie O’Brady (1905); Just Hangin’ Round (1906) – a Coon Song for black face performers; For the Wearing of the Green (1912) – dedicated to the Ancient Order of Hibernians; and The 101st Regiment, U.S.A. March (1917), his final piece that he was motivated to compose because of civic pride and the fact that his young son, Uncle ALBERT NEWELL POTTER9 (1899 – 1967), was serving in France at that time with the 101st Regiment (“Boston’s Own”) of the Yankee Division. Grandfather *ALBERT LINCOLN (BERT) POTTER8 (1874 – 1930) was hired by the Moxie Nerve Food Company of Lowell, Massachusetts to compose one of the first soft drink jingles ever. He composed the jingle, “Just Make It Moxie for Mine” for the 1904 St. Louis World’s Fair where the soft drink, “Moxie,” was being promoted. Grandfather *ALBERT LINCOLN (BERT) POTTER8 (1874 – 1930) also established the A.L. Potter Publishing Company in 1907, the Potter Music Publishing Company in 1908, and the Grant Music Company in 1911, all located in Boston, Massachusetts. None of them were very successful. >>>[See: “Appendix “8A” – Music of Bert Potter” for a complete list of his known musical works.]<<< (3) Great Uncle ARTHUR SIDNEY POTTER8 (1878 – 1910) performed at Harvard University with the “Hasty Pudding Club” (image at right). After dropping out of college, he made a living as a musician (he was an accomplished pianist), performing all over New England. (4) Grandmother *ELEANOR (ELLA) THERESA DODGE POTTER8 (1882 – 1951), in her early years, was an entertainer on the Boston stage including the “Saint James Theater” (later known as the “Uptown Theater”). (5) Following in her mother’s footsteps, Aunt ELEANOR (LULLA) MARIE POTTER CLANCY9 (1913 – 1999), performed in community theatres wherever she lived.

EDUCATION: Most of our family in America attended public elementary and high schools which were actually more demanding in the early days of New England than they are today. There were limited opportunities for advanced education in colonial New CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 22

England and few of that era went beyond high school. But as our country grew, higher education opportunities improved and a number of our family members achieved higher education credentials by attending a college or a university. Although just a sampling, here is a cross-section of our family’s efforts to advance their education.

EDUCATION CREDENTIALS of the POTTER FAMILY No. Name Education 1. *ELIJAH POTTER5’s (1770 – 1844) “Ridge School” (1802 – 1877) – children: (1st location) 1. ELIJAH POTTER JR6 Upper Ridge Road, (1796/97 – 1844) Bridgton, Maine; 2. ASA POTTER6 (1798 – 1837) located at the corner of 3. MARY (POLLY) POTTER Ridge Rd. (North Bridgton Rd.) (McALISTER)6 (1800 - ? ) and Upper Ridge Rd. 4. WILLIAMS POTTER6 (1802 – 1870) 5. NATHANIEL POTTER6 (1804 – 1887) 6. SALLY (SARAH) POTTER6 (1806/07 – 1827) 7. STEPHEN POTTER6 (ca. 1808 - ? ) 8. JOHN FOWLER POTTER6 (1809 – 1885) 9. *GILBERT POTTER6 (1811 – 1862) 10. SALLY POTTER6 (ca. 1813 - ? ) 11 . NATHAN POTTER6 (1817 - ? ) 2. Dr. NATHANIEL PRENTISS (1) “Ridge School” (2nd location) POTTER7, M.D. (1845 – 1905) – Lower Ridge Road Cousin. Bridgton, Maine. [new location on land donated by *ELIJAH POTTER5 ] (2) “Bridgton Academy” North Bridgton, Maine. (1866 – 1867) (3) “Bowdoin Medical School” Brunswick, Maine. (1869 – 1871) - graduated in 1871 at the “Head of his Class.”

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3. *FLORENCE ELLA (FLORA E.) “Prospect Center School” (Est. GRANT POTTER7 (1848 – 1928) – 1836) – later known as the Great Grandmother. “Marsh School” on the Bangor Road (Route 1A), Prospect, Maine. 4. *ALBERT LINCOLN (BERT) “Boston English High School,” POTTER8 (1874 – 1930) - Montgomery Street, Boston, Grandfather. Massachusetts. [Warren Ave., Dartmouth, & Montgomery Sts.] (Sept. 1889 – June, 1893)

5. ARTHUR SIDNEY POTTER8 (1) “Prince Grammar School,” (1878 – 1910) 201 Newbury Street, Boston, Massachusetts; graduated with great credit in June, 1893. (2) “Boston English High School,” Montgomery St., Boston, Massachusetts. [Warren Ave., Dartmouth, & Montgomery Sts.] (Sept. 1893 – June, 1897) (3) “Harvard College” Cambridge, Massachusetts. (Sept. 1897 – June, 1898) – no degree. 6. *VONCEILE CAROLYN (1) “Geneva County High School,” METCALF POTTER9 Hartford, Alabama. (1909 – 1976) (1923 – 1927) (2) “University of Alabama” – Scholarship; Tuscaloosa, AL. (1928 – 1929) – no degree. (3) “Troy State Teachers College” (1930)

7. ELEANOR MARIE POTTER (1) “Rochambeau Elementary CLANCY9 (1913 – 1999) – Aunt. School,” Dorchester, Massachusetts. ( ? – 1925) (2) “Girls High School,” West Newton Street, Boston, Massachusetts. (1925 – 1929) CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 24

8. KENNETH DODGE POTTER JR10 (1) “William Barton Rogers,” (1944 - ? ) - Jr. High School, Hyde Park (Boston), Massachusetts. (1957 – 1958) (2) “Boston Latin School,” 78 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts. (1958 – 1962)

(3) “Northeastern University," Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts. (1962 – 1967) B.S. Business Administration (1967) 9. ELIZABETH ANNA DUNCAN (1) “Great Bridge High School,” POTTER1 (1944 - ?) Chesapeake, Virginia. (1958 – 1962) (2) “Madison College” (now “James Madison University”), Harrisonburg, Virginia. (1962 – 1966) B.S. Education - Major: Elementary Education (1966). 10. *WILBURN METCALF POTTER10 (1) “Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1946 - ? ) Elementary School,” Needham Road, Hyde Park, Massachusetts. (1957 – 1958) (2) “Boston Latin School,” 78 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts. (1958 – 1964) [Secretary of the “Class of 1964”] (3) “Northeastern University," Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts. (1964 – 1969) B.S. Chemical Engineering (1969).

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(4) “Southeastern Massachusetts University,” North Dartmouth, Massachusetts. (1975 – 1979) Master of Business Administration (“MBA”) – (1979). 11. DOROTHY ANN NEMICCOLO (1) “Fontbonne Academy” POTTER10 (1947 - ? ) 930 Brook Road, Milton, Massachusetts. (1961 – 1965) (2) “Bridgewater State College” Bridgewater, Massachusetts One semester (1965). (3) “Plus School of Business” Boston, Massachusetts (1966). 12. AMY RENEE POTTER SMITH11 (1) “Sharon High School” (1971 - ? ) Sharon, Massachusetts. (1985 - 1989) (2) “University of Massachusetts” Amherst, Massachusetts. (1989 – 1993) Bachelor of Business Administration, with a “Finance” major (1993).

13. JOSEPH EUGENE SMITH11 (1) “Summerhill College” (1971 - ? ) (High School) Sligo, Ireland (1984 – 1988). (2) “University College Dublin” Dublin, Ireland. (1988 – 1991) Bachelor of Commerce (1991) (3) “University College Dublin” Dublin, Ireland. (1991 – 1993) Master of Business Studies (1993) with specialization in “International Business.”

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14. GREGORY KENNETH POTTER11 (1) “Xaverian Brothers High (1975 - ? ) School” Westwood, MA. Freshman Year – (1990 - 1991) (2) “Sharon High School” Sharon, Massachusetts. (1991 – 1994) (3) “University of Massachusetts” Amherst, Massachusetts. (1994 – 1998) [Exchange student (Junior year) at“Haarlem Business School,” Haarlem, the Netherlands (August 1996 – January 1997)] Bachelor of Business Administration, with a “Finance” major – “Cum Laude” (1998). 15. LESLIE ELIZABETH DONLON (1) “Beverly High School” POTTER11 (1978 - ? ) Beverly, Massachusetts. (1992 – 1996) – “Salutatorian.” (2) “Bates College” Lewiston, Maine. (1996 – 2000) [“Universidad Nacional,” Heredia, Costa Rica (January – May, 1999)] B.A. English with secondary concentration in Spanish (2000). 16. BRIAN KENDALL POTTER11 (1) “Sharon High School” (1979 - ? ) Sharon, Massachusetts. (1993 - 1997) (2) “University of Massachusetts” Amherst, Massachusetts. (1997 – 2001) Bachelor of Business Administration, with a “Finance & Operations” major and “Economics” minor (1993) –“Cum Laude”

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and inducted into the “Keystone National Honor Society.” 17. MELISSA SALO POTTER11 (1) “Chamberlain School of (1982 - ? ) Design at Mount Ida College” Newton, Massachusetts. (2004 – 2005) Associates Degree, Fashion Design (2005). (2) “Northeastern University” Boston, Massachusetts. (2005 – 2007) B.S. Graphic Design (2007).

ATHLETES: A number of our family excelled in athletics: (1) Great Uncle ARTHUR SIDNEY POTTER8 (1878 – 1910) was an excellent all- around athlete who excelled in swimming, rowing, track, bowling, and military . At English High School (1893 - 1897) in Boston he achieved exceptional records in track and bowling. In track his specialty was dashes. In 1895 Great Uncle ARTHUR SIDNEY POTTER8 (1878 – 1910) was an outstanding oarsman and rowed with merit with the Boston Athletic Association’s “Junior Eight” team. As a junior member of the Boston Athletic Association (B.A.A.), he performed with distinction at the B.A.A. Annual Swimming Tournament in 1896 swimming in the six pool-lengths race and the four pool-lengths blindfold race, and leading the junior water polo team to almost beat the senior team. At the “B.A.A. Junior Games” he won several prizes including a diamond pin first prize at water polo. For two to three years he was Captain of the best junior water polo team the B.A.A. ever had. For two successive years Great Uncle ARTHUR SIDNEY POTTER8 (1878 – 1910) won gold medals in military drill at English High School. His exceptionally thorough knowledge of the bayonet movements made him the perfect choice for heading up the consolidated bayonet squad at English High School. In 1896, he was appointed Major and commanded the 1st Battalion of the 2nd Boston School Regiment. At Harvard University in 1898, Great Uncle ARTHUR SIDNEY POTTER8 (1878 – 1910) placed third in the Intercollegiate Military Drilling Competition (I.C.C.) and received a pewter beer mug inscribed: “Co. C, ICC, Third Class, 3rd Prize, 1898, A. S. Potter”. On June 10, 1899 Great Uncle ARTHUR SIDNEY POTTER8 (1878 – 1910) won first prize in the “Submarine Swim,” swimming 115 feet under water at the Riverside Recreation Grounds.

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(2) Uncle SIDNEY ALGERNON POTTER9 (1900 – 1975) was a strong swimmer and heroic lifeguard at the Massachusetts City Beaches of Boston, Sandy Beach (Winchester), Mystic Lakes, and Nantasket Beach. He was credited with a number of life-saving rescues at these beaches. In addition, he was awarded the “Refuge Medal” by the Humane Society of Massachusetts and the “Congressional Life-Saving Medal” (image at right) for his heroic rescue of a co-worker who had fallen into Boston Harbor at the Charlestown Navy Yard on October 26, 1923 while overhauling a U.S. Navy vessel. (3) Uncle PAUL MILLER CLANCY9 (1909 - 1973) was an All-Star on the Brighton High School ice hockey team in Brighton (Boston), Massachusetts. (4) KENNETH DODGE POTTER JR.10 (1944 - ? ) lettered in varsity ice hockey (right wing) and baseball (third base) at Boston Latin School; he was a Boston City League All-Star on the Boston Latin School ice hockey team in 1962, the year they were co-champions of the Boston City League and played in the Massachusetts State Hockey Tournament. He also loved to play park league football, park league baseball, flag football, basketball and tennis and excelled at these sports too. (5) *WILBURN METCALF POTTER10 (1946 - ? ) lettered in varsity football (defensive end), ice hockey (defenseman), and baseball (second and third base) at Boston Latin School; in 1963 and 1964 he played defense on the Boston Latin ice hockey teams that were champions of the Boston City League and played in the Massachusetts State Hockey Tournament both years. He was Assistant Captain of the Boston Latin ice hockey team in 1964. In 1964 he batted third on the Boston Latin championship baseball team with an average of .340 with two homeruns and played in the Massachusetts State Baseball Tournament. He also loved to play park league football (quarterback), park league baseball, basketball, and golf. (6) AMY RENEE POTTER SMITH11 (1971 - ? ) excelled at a number of sports at Sharon High School, “Home of the Sharon Eagles,” in Sharon, Massachusetts between 1985 and 1989 including three years as a track sprinter (100 yard and 220 yard dashes), basketball, softball, and swim team. (7) JOSEPH EUGENE SMITH11 (1971 - ? ) excelled in soccer and in 1988-1989 played on the Freshman Soccer Team at University College Dublin (“UCD”) in Dublin, Ireland. (8) GREGORY KENNETH POTTER11 (1975 - ? ) excelled in basketball and played on many winning teams in the Sharon youth leagues through junior high school in Sharon, Massachusetts. (9) BRIAN KENDALL POTTER11 (1979 - ? ) excelled as a swimmer and was a “Water Safety Instructor” at Lake Massapoag in Sharon, Massachusetts during the summers of 2000 and 2001.

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CONCLUSION: To quote the great radical slavery abolitionist from Boston, WENDELL PHILLIPS6 (1811 – 1884), “Boston Latin School Class of 1827”: “The heritage of the past is the seed that brings forth the harvest of the future.”

- FINIS -

Legend (1) Names preceded by an asterisk (*) are direct bloodline ancestors of the Author, *WILBURN METCALF POTTER10 (1946 - ? ). (2) Subscripts after a name indicate the American generation of the individual. For example, the first (1st) generation American is *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690). The Author, *WILBURN METCALF POTTER10 (1946 - ? ), is a tenth (10th) generation American. (3) Superscripts at the end of a sentence or paragraph designate sequential “End Notes” at the end of each chapter. (4) “G.S.” are the initials for Gravestone.

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“The American History of a Potter Family” Pedigree of

*WILBURN METCALF POTTER10 (1946 - ? ), the Author. The First Twelve American Heads of The POTTER Family Descended from the Immigrant *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 - 1690) of Ipswich, Massachusetts. Gen Name Spouse 1 *ANTHONY POTTER1 *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (ca. 1628 - 1690) (1629 - 1712) – 2nd wife. b. ca. 1628 - (unknown), England b. Bapt. March 6, 1629 - Nayland, m. 2nd wife: ca. 1652 - Ipswich, MA. Suffolk, England. d. before March 26, 1690 - Ipswich, Lived: Cambridge, Massachusetts Massachusetts. before marriage. m. ca. 1652 - Ipswich, Massachusetts. (see note below) d. March 10, 1712 - Ipswich, MA. 2 *SAMUEL POTTER2 *JOANNA WOOD POTTER2 (ca. 1657 - 1714) (1661 - ca. 1691) – 1st wife. b. ca. 1657 - Ipswich, Massachusetts. b. December 14, 1661 - Ipswich, MA. m. 1st wife: ca. 1684 - Ipswich, MA. m. ca. 1684 - Ipswich, Massachusetts. d. before August 2, 1714 - Ipswich, d. ca. 1691 - Ipswich, Massachusetts. Massachusetts. 3 *THOMAS POTTER3 *SUSANNA HADLEY POTTER3 (1691 -1753) (ca. 1684 - 1776) b. April 15, 1691 - Ipswich, MA. b. ca. 1684 (or) ca. 1693 - Amesbury, m. Intentions September 18, 1714 – Massachusetts. Ipswich, Massachusetts. m. Int. September 18, 1714 - Ipswich, d. April 23, 1753 - Ipswich Farms, Massachusetts. Massachusetts. d. 1739 (or) October 20, 1776 – Ipswich Farms, Massachusetts.

4 Deacon *ANTHONY POTTER4 *MARTHA (?) WILLIAMS (1724 - 1791) PERKINS BRADSTREET nd b. November 13, 1724 - Ipswich, MA. POTTER4 (1731 - 1803) – 2 wife. m. 2nd wife: Oct. 20, 1762 - Topsfield, b. 1731 - probably Topsfield, Massachusetts. Massachusetts. d. June 22, 1791 - Ipswich Farms, m. October 20, 1762 - Topsfield, MA. Massachusetts. d. June 12, 1803 - Ipswich Farms, MA.

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5 *ELIJAH POTTER5 *ABIGAIL HORR POTTER5 (1770 - 1844) (1775/76 - 1855) b. February 10, 1770 - Rowley, MA. b. December, 1775 - Haverhill, MA. m. January 11, 1796/98 - Waterford, (or) ca. April, 1776 - Norton, MA. Maine. m. January 11, 1796/98 - Waterford, d. December 15, 1844 - Bridgton, Maine. Maine. d. February 18, 1855 - Bridgton, ME. 6 *GILBERT POTTER6 (1811 - 1862) *ABIGAIL HANCOCK WIGHT st b. August 31, 1811 - Bridgton, Maine. POTTER6 (1817 - 1851) – 1 wife. m. 1st Wife: February 2, 1841 – b. December 26/29, 1817 - Otisfield, Windham Hill, Maine. Maine. d. August, 1862 - Sanders Creek, near m. February 2, 1841 - Windham Hill, Braxton, Simpson County, Maine. Mississippi. d. October 8, 1851 - Windham, Maine. 7 *ALGERNON SIDNEY POTTER7 *FLORENCE ELLA (FLORA E.) (1841 - 1893) GRANT POTTER7 (1848 - 1928) b. October 20, 1841 - Brownfield, ME. b. November 18, 1848 - Prospect, m. January 7, 1873 - Portland, Maine. Maine. d. January 18, 1893 - Boston, m. January 7, 1873 - Portland, Maine. Massachusetts. d. February 19, 1928 - Dorchester (Boston), Massachusetts. 8 *ALBERT LINCOLN POTTER8 *ELEANOR THERESA DODGE (1874 - 1930) POTTER7 (1876 - 1951) b. March 11, 1874 - Boston, MA. b. December 3, 1876 - East Boston, m. August 2, 1898 - Boston, MA. Massachusetts. d. January 29, 1930 - Dorchester, m. August 2, 1898 - Boston, MA. Massachusetts. d. July 29, 1951 - Dorchester (Boston), Massachusetts. 9 *KENNETH DODGE POTTER9 *VONCEILE CAROLYN (1906 - 1976) METCALF POTTER9 b. October 30, 1906 - Dorchester, MA. (1909 - 1976) m. April 19, 1943 - Montgomery, b. August 10, 1909 - Hartford, AL. Alabama. m. April 19, 1943 - Montgomery, AL. d. December 9, 1976 - Hyde Park, d. March 4, 1976 - Hyde Park Massachusetts. (Boston), Massachusetts.

10 *KENNETH DODGE POTTER DOROTHY ANN NEMICCOLO JR10 (1944 - ? ) POTTER10 (1947 - ? ) b. July 13, 1944 - Montgomery, AL. b. July 14, 1947 - Boston, MA. m. September 7, 1968 - Canton, MA. m. September 7, 1968 - Canton, MA. Home: 30 Walpole St., Sharon, MA. Home: 30 Walpole St., Sharon, MA. ------CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 32

*WILBURN METCALF POTTER10 ELIZABETH ANNA DUNCAN (1946 - ? ) – the author. POTTER10 (1944 - ? ) b. October 5, 1946 - Brookline, MA. b. September 14, 1944 - Norfolk, VA. m. December 16, 1972 - Virginia m. December 16, 1972 - Virginia Beach, Virginia. Beach, Virginia. Children: none. Children: none. 11 Children of *KENNETH DODGE POTTER JR10 (1944 - ? ): 1. AMY RENEE POTTER SMITH11 1. JOSEPH EUGENE SMITH11 (1971 - ? ) (1971 - ? ) b. August 20, 1971 - Norwood, MA. b. November 4, 1971 - Sligo, Ireland m. April 30, 2005 - Mashpee, MA. m. April 30, 2005 - Mashpee, MA.

2. GREGORY KENNETH 2. LESLIE ELIZABETH POTTER11 (1975 - ? ) DONLON POTTER11 b. November 3, 1975 - Boston, (1978 - ? ) Massachusetts. b. April 7, 1978 - Beverly, MA. m. September 4, 2005 - Gloucester, m. September 4, 2005 - Gloucester, Massachusetts. Massachusetts.

3. BRIAN KENDALL POTTER11 3. MELISSA SALO POTTER11 (1979 - ? ) (1982 - ? ) b. February 23, 1979 - Boston, b. June 7, 1982 - Altoona, Massachusetts. Pennsylvania. m. July 21, 2012 - Kennebunkport, m. July 21, 2012 - Kennebunkport, Maine. Maine. 12 Daughters of AMY RENEE POTTER SMITH11 (1971 - ? ): 1. AIDEEN ROSE SMITH12 (2007 - ? ) b. February 11, 2007 - Newton- Wellesley Hospital, Newton, MA.

2. AISLING RHIANNON SMITH12 (2011 - ? ) b. March 30, 2011 - Newton- Wellesley Hospital, Newton, Massachusetts.

------CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 33

Sons of GREGORY KENNETH POTTER11 (1975 - ? ): 1. BRODY RYAN POTTER12 (2011 - ? ) b. November 18, 2011 – Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA.

2. HAYDEN CHASE POTTER12 (2014 - ? ) b. June 14, 2014 – Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA. ------Daughters of BRIAN KENDALL POTTER12 ( 1979 - ? ): 1. MADISON KRISTINA POTTER2 (2013 - ? ) b. September 8, 2013 – Newton- Wellesley Hospital, Newton, Massachusetts.

2. SAMANTHA KENDALL POTTER12 (2014 - ? ) b. October 28, 2014 – Newton- Wellesley Hospital, Newton, MA.

Note: Genealogists have reported a number of places for *ANTHONY POTTER1’s (ca. 1628 - 1690) “place of birth”: (1) Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire County, England in 1628, (2) Coventry, West Midlands (Warwickshire), England about 1628, (3) Thetford, Norfolk, England about 1627, (4) Covington, either Bedfordshire County or Huntingdonshire County, England in 1628, and (5) Newport Pagnell, Buckinghamshire County, England in 1628. Further investigation in England is required.

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CHAPTER 1

*ANTHONY POTTER (ca. 1628 - 1690) “Puritan, The First American, and Ipswich Cultivator of Fruit” for the years ca. 1285 - 1690 THE FIRST GENERATION No. Name Spouse

1. *ANTHONY POTTER1 (1) ELIZABETH WHIPPLE POTTER1 (ca. 1628 - 1690) (1627 - 1648) (2) *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 - 1712)

Table of Contents Section Title Page I. Origin of the POTTER Family: 36 II. English Roots: 36 III. Mayor of Coventry, Warwickshire, England – 1622: 37 IV. *ANTHONY POTTER1’s (ca. 1628 – 1690) Father: 41 V. *ANTHONY POTTER1’s (ca. 1628 – 1690) Place of Birth – ca. 1628: 41 VI. The Family Name – “ANTHONY”: 44 VII. – Their Beliefs, Their Church, and Their Roots: 45 VIII. *ANTHONY POTTER1’s (ca. 1628 – 1690) Fathers-in-Law: 49 IX. ROBERT POTTER0, Possible Father of *ANTHONY POTTER1 84 (ca. 1628 – 1690) – Suggested Lineages, Confusion, and Puzzle. X. Marriage Clues To *ANTHONY POTTER1’s (ca. 1628 – 1690) Lineage 102 and Place of Origin: XI. East Anglian Origins: 102 XII. Background to the Great Puritan Migration (1630 – 1640): 111 XIII. The Great Puritan Migration (1630 – 1640): 130 XIV. Life in New England (1640 – 1651) after the Great Puritan Migration: 189 XV. The Second Generation of American POTTERs is born between1652 and 216 ca. 1667: XVI. Prelude (1668 – 1675) to the Indian Wars: 246 XVII. The First Indian War – “King Philips War” (1675 – 1678): 262 XVIII. Growth of Ipswich, Topsfield, and Salem, Massachusetts – Church, Land, 298 and Government Disputes (1679 – 1690): XIX. The Second Indian War – “King William’s War” (1688 – 1699): 329 XX. The Death and Legacy of *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) – 335 The First American.

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I. ORIGIN OF THE POTTER FAMILY: Genealogists have reported that the English POTTER family and name are doubtless of Norman origin. The origin of the POTTER family, however, is lost in the twilight of Mediaeval England. By tracing and examining “Coat-of-Arms,” it is believed that the English POTTER family can claim common descent from the Earls of Leicester. Leicester is located in Leicestershire County in East Midlands in central England. The POTTER “Coat-of-Arms” is described as “Argent, a chevron gules between three ermine spots” with the motto: “Virtuti fortuna comes” when translated means: “Fortune, companion of virtue.” <<<

II. ENGLISH ROOTS: “The early immigrants to New England shores were Englishmen, not Welshmen, or Scots, or Irishmen, but Englishmen from England, bringing with them that inheritance of thought and language, of character and politics, of legal custom and political tradition, who had been gathered in that land by centuries of fortunate history, and shared by all who came to live there, Iberian and Celtic, Saxon, Dane, and Norman, who were blended together in the .” At the time of the settlement of New England, two-thirds of the English race was Anglo-Saxon and the remaining third was Norman, Danish, Briton, and Roman in amounts decreasing in the order named. This preponderance of Anglo-Saxon blood pertained especially to the counties of Suffolk, Essex, and Hertfordshire in England whence came the majority of the 25,000 English colonists who settled New England between 1620 and 1642. Blood of Danish origin was more prevalent from the counties of Yorkshire and Lincolnshire in northern England. Most families of Yankee descent trace their American beginnings to an English ancestor who came ashore in Massachusetts Bay within five years of the year 1635 during the “Great Puritan Migration (1630 – 1640).” This is true for our family. Most probably, 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690), the first American of our family, emigrated to the New World a year or more before finally settling in Ipswich, Massachusetts in 1637 when he was mentioned in the New World for the first time. <<<

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III. MAYOR OF COVENTRY, WARWICKSHIRE, ENGLAND - 1622: In 1622, the Mayor of Coventry, Warwickshire, England was Sir THOMAS POTTER-1 (1568 – ca. 1654), a famous dyer of cloth (relationship, if any, unknown). He was a dyer and - stapler. He and other skilled Coventry dyers made an excellent blue dye that was the basis for the well-known motto: “True as Coventry blue!” In 1622, Mayor THOMAS POTTER-1 had a fine avenue of 250 ornamental trees planted in Coventry, England from the quarries to Quinton Pool, a suburb of Coventry. For reasons unknown, they were eventually cut down in 1787. Mayor THOMAS POTTER-1 (1568 – ca. 1654) was a conscientious civil servant and improved many parts of the city. He was known for his charity to the poor and was knighted by QUEEN ELIZABETH I-2 (1533 – 1603). Coventry became famous in 1041 when LADY GODIVA (980 – 1067) rode naked through its streets. Legend says that LADY GODIVA (980 – 1067) had taken pity on the people of Coventry who were suffering grievously under her husband’s oppressive taxation; she appealed again and again to her obstinate husband, LEOFRIC, the Earl of Mercia, who finally agreed to remit the taxes only if she would ride naked through the streets of Coventry; she agreed and issued a proclamation that all residents should remain indoors and shutter their windows. However, one resident, a tailor, ever afterwards known as “Peeping Tom,” drilled a hole in his shutter and peeked as she passed by; but he was immediately struck blind for his indiscretion. In the end, her husband kept his word and abolished the onerous taxes. The 1888 Genealogist CHARLES EDWARD POTTER reported that the father of the HUMPHREY POTTER0 (ca. 1600 – 1641) who immigrated to New England during the “Great Puritan Migration” of 1630 to 1640 and settled in Salem, Massachusetts was at one time the Mayor of Coventry in England. This was undoubtedly in reference to Sir THOMAS POTTER-1 (1568 – ca. 1654), Mayor of Coventry, England in 1622. [Note: It is believed that HUMPHREY POTTER0 (ca. 1600 – 1641) did not settle in New England and may not have immigrated to New England at all.] Mayor THOMAS POTTER-1 (1568 – ca. 1654) married twice: (1) He first married ANN NOME (POTTER)-1 ( ? – 1598) in Coventry, England. They had one daughter, JOAN POTTER (BUTLER)0 ( ? – 1673) who married JOHN BUTLER0 ( ? – 1654) at Holy Trinity Church in Coventry on October 15, 1612. ANN NOME POTTER-1 died in 1598, many years before her husband, and was buried on March 17, 1598 at Holy Trinity Church in Coventry. No burial or probate records have yet been found for her husband, Mayor Sir THOMAS POTTER-1 (1568 – ca. 1654), who died about 1654. His only daughter by his first wife, JOAN POTTER BUTLER0 ( ? - 1673), died in 1673 and was buried on May 6, 1673 also at Holy Trinity Church in Coventry, England.

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(2) Mayor THOMAS POTTER-1 (1568 – ca. 1654) of Coventry married a second time to ANN (ANNIS) FENN (POTTER)-1 (ca. 1578 – 1649), daughter of HUMPHREY FENN-2 (1552 – before 1633). They had the following children: 1. REBECCA POTTER (BACON)0 (before 1610 – before 1655), who married WILLIAM BACON0 ( ? - 1655) and came with him from Dublin, Ireland to Salem, Massachusetts. 2. HUMPHREY POTTER0 (ca. 1600 – 1641), whose wife is unknown; he was the only son of Mayor THOMAS POTTER-1 (1568 – ca. 1654) of Coventry, England and became a Protestant settler in Ireland; he was murdered in either Antrim (Northern Ireland) or Dublin during the “1641 Irish Massacre.”

ANN (ANNIS) FENN POTTER-1 (ca. 1578 – 1649), second wife of Mayor THOMAS POTTER-1 (1568 – ca. 1654), died in Coventry in 1649 and was buried on July 12, 1649 also at Holy Trinity Church in Coventry, England. HUMPHREY POTTER0 (ca. 1600 – 1641), the only son of Mayor THOMAS POTTER-1 (1568 – ca. 1654), had an only child, a daughter, named ANN POTTER (NEEDHAM)1 (ca. 1632 – 1695) who was born in Antrim, Ireland (Northern Ireland) where Protestant HUMPHREY POTTER0 and his wife settled in this predominantly Catholic (Papist) country. Sadly, it is believed that HUMPHREY POTTER0 (ca. 1600 – 1641) and his wife (name unknown) were two of the thousands of Protestant settlers fiendishly tortured and murdered by Irish Catholics during the “1641 Irish Massacre” in Ireland.

[Note: “Irish Rebellion of 1641”: In 1641 poor harvests and an economic recession aggravated the native Irish Catholic feelings towards the Protestant settlers. These unfavorable economic conditions and fears of an impending invasion by anti-Catholic forces of the English Long Parliament and the Scottish Covenanters caused native Irish Catholic resentment against the English and Scottish Protestant settlers to reach a climax. The Catholic (Papist) majority led by Sir PHELIM O’NEILL0 (1603 – 1653) (image at left) rose up in rebellion and attacked the minority Protestant intruders all across Ireland wherever they could find them. Many of the Protestants were gruesomely tortured before they were killed without mercy by the Irish Catholics. Atrocities were committed by both sides.]

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Table 1: The Family of Sir THOMAS POTTER-1 (1568 – ca. 1654), Mayor of Coventry, Warwickshire County, England. Sir THOMAS POTTER-1 (1568 – ca. 1654), Mayor of Coventry, dyer & wool- stapler. Wife # 1. ANN NOME POTTER-1 ( ? - 1598) Born: (?) - unknown. Died: ca. March, 1598 – Coventry, England. Buried: March 17, 1598 – Holy Trinity Church, Coventry, England. Married: (?) – unknown. Children (1 daughter): a. JOAN POTTER BUTLER0 ( ? - 1673) Born: (?) – unknown. Died: May 6, 1673 – probably in Coventry, England. Buried: May 6, 1673 – Holy Trinity Church, Coventry, England. Married: October 15, 1612 – Holy Trinity Church, Coventry, England. Husband: JOHN BUTLER0 ( ? - 1654) Children: (?) – unknown.

Wife # 2. ANN (ANNIS) FENN POTTER-1 (ca. 1578 – 1649) Born: ca. 1578 – daughter of HUMPHREY FENN-2 (1552 – before 1633). Died: July 12, 1649 – probably Coventry, England. Buried: July 12, 1649 – Holy Trinity Church, Coventry, England. Married: (?) – after March 17, 1598 and before 1610. Children (2) – one daughter and one son: a. REBECCA POTTER BACON0 (before 1610 – before 1655) Born: before 1610 – probably Coventry, England. Died: before 1655 – unknown. Husband: WILLIAM BACON0 ( ? – 1655) b. HUMPHREY POTTER0 (ca. 1600 - 1641) – only son of Sir THOMAS-1. Born: ca. 1600 - Coventry, England. Died: ca. 1641 – Antrim or Dublin, Ireland. [murdered during “Irish Rebellion of 1641”] Wife: Unknown ( ? - 1641) [murdered during “Irish Rebellion of 1641”]

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Children: (1) ANN POTTER NEEDHAM1 (ca. 1632 - 1695) – Quaker. Born: ca. 1632 – Antrim, Ireland; Died: July 16, 1695 – Salem, Massachusetts; Married: January 10, 1655/56 – Salem, Massachusetts; Husband: ANTHONY BRIAN NEEDHAM1 (1628 - 1705).

[Note: HUMPHREY POTTER0 (ca. 1600 - 1641) and his wife (name unknown) were Protestant settlers from England who were murdered in Antrim or Dublin, Ireland during the “1641 Irish Massacre.”]

Thus, it is unlikely from the above that HUMPHREY POTTER0 (ca. 1600 – 1641) ever immigrated and settled in Salem, Massachusetts as suggested by CHARLES EDWARD POTTER in his genealogy. It was HUMPHREY POTTER0’s wealthy sister, REBECCA POTTER BACON0 ( ? – 1655), aunt to ANN POTTER (NEEDHAM)1 (ca. 1632 – 1695), who had emigrated to Salem, Massachusetts and who later sent to Coventry, England for her niece, ANN POTTER (NEEDHAM)1 (ca. 1632 - 1695), to come to Massachusetts where she eventually met and married ANTHONY BRIAN NEEDHAM1 (1628 - 1705) in Salem on January 10, 1655. ANN POTTER NEEDHAM1 (ca. 1632 – 1695) soon after coming to New England became an enthusiastic Quaker which was a risky undertaking in the intolerant Puritan Massachusetts Bay Colony. Both 19th century POTTER family genealogists, the Reverend JEREMIAH POTTER (1881) and CHARLES EDWARD POTTER (1888) have reported that ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655), the well-known “religious dissenter and agitator of New England,” was thought to be from Coventry, England. In addition, the Reverend JEREMIAH POTTER (1881) reported, albeit probably incorrectly, that this same religious agitator ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655) was the father of our *ANTHONY POTTER1 (1628 – 1690). Furthermore, some modern genealogists have incorrectly published that Mayor THOMAS POTTER-1 (1568 – ca. 1654) had a son named ROBERT POTTER0, whereas, in truth, the Mayor’s only son was HUMPHREY POTTER0 (ca. 1600 – 1641) who settled and was murdered in Ireland as stated above. Some have also been further mistaken and have incorrectly published that *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) was the son of the notorious ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655), the “religious dissenter,” and was also the grandson of Mayor THOMAS POTTER-1 (1568 – ca. 1654) of Coventry, England. Neither is believed to be true. *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) may have been the son of a ROBERT POTTER0, but not the infamous ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1690), the “religious dissenter and agitator of New England” who would found Warwick, Rhode Island. This

CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 40 will be explained later in this chapter. Also, *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) could not have been a direct descendant of Mayor THOMAS POTTER-1 (1568 – ca. 1654) of Coventry, England since his only son was HUMPHREY POTTER0 (ca. 1600 – 1641) who had a single child, a daughter, as clearly explained above. More investigation is required in England to determine the Coventry connection for our *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690), if any. <<<

IV. *ANTHONY POTTER1’S (ca. 1628 – 1690) FATHER: Historically, only two names for *ANTHONY POTTER1’s father have surfaced: (1) *ROBERT POTTER0 and (2) *ANTHONY POTTER0. The early POTTER genealogists (1881 and 1888) have named a ROBERT POTTER0 as his father; but which one? There were many ROBERT POTTER0s living at that time. More recently, an ANTHONY POTTER0 of Newport Pagnell, Buckinghamshire, England has been proposed as his father. So far, there has been no verification as to who was actually 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1’s father, and how he came to America and with whom. All we have is supposition. No record has been found on the North American continent that irrefutably confirms the parentage of *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) of Ipswich, Massachusetts. The author firmly the answer lies somewhere in England and hopes someday that a resourceful genealogist will use the clues in this genealogy to track down the answer once and for all. <<<

V. *ANTHONY POTTER1’S (ca. 1628 – 1690) PLACE OF BIRTH ca. 1628: 1 We know that *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) was born in England about 1627 2 or 1628. 3 His parents or place of birth have not yet been conclusively determined. Genealogists have reported a number of places for his “place of birth”: (1) Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire County, England in 1628; (2) Coventry, West Midlands (Warwickshire), England about 1628; (3) Covington, either Bedfordshire County or Huntingdonshire County, England in 1628; (4) Newport Pagnell, Buckinghamshire County, England in 1628; (5) Thetford, Norfolk, England about 1627; and (6) Theydon Garnon, Epping, Essex, England about 1628.

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Table 2: Reported place and date of birth information for *ANTHONY POTTER0 (ca. 1628 – 1690).

Place of Birth Date of Source Birth Rickmansworth, 1628 BLAINE WHIPPLE10 (1930 – 2015), Hertfordshire County, England “History and Genealogy of “Elder” (suburb of London) JOHN WHIPPLE of Ipswich, Massachusetts, His English Ancestors and American Descendants”, (2004), p. G4. Coventry, circa (1) JEREMIAH POTTER, “A West Midlands County, 1628 Genealogy of the Potter Family Warwickshire, England Originating in Rhode Island”, (1881), pp. 5 – 6. [Note: These sources refer to (2) CHARLES EDWARD Coventry as where *ANTHONY POTTER, POTTER1’s possible father, “GENEALOGIES of the POTTER ROBERT POTTER0, emigrated FAMILIES and THEIR from.] DESCENDANTS IN AMERICA to the PRESENT GENERATION with HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES”, (1888), Part 10, p. 33.

Covington, 1628 Ancestors of EFFIE BURDETTE Huntingdonshire District, now STRINGHAM. part of Cambridgeshire County, England

[Note: This could be a typo for Coventry, West Midlands County.] Newport Pagnell, 1628 Gardner, Spalding, Blount, Vaughn, Buckinghamshire County, Baker, Carr, Home and related England families from Scotland, England back to ancient times.

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Thetford, circa DALE MARIE POTTER-CLARK, Norfolk County, England 1627 The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- day Saints, Ancestral File (R) [Note: This could be a different (Copyright © 1987, June 1998, data as ANTHONY POTTER1] of 5 January 1998), Ancestral File No. 8QHW-PN. Theydon Garnon, circa “Walter atte Stone Descendants”, Epping, Essex, England 1628 compiled by Robert S. Duggan Jr. July 28, 2006 (internet posting) - reported that *ROBERT POTTER0 and *JOANNA CLARK POTTER0 of Theydon Garnon, Epping, Essex, England were his parents.

BLAINE WHIPPLE10 (1930 – 2015) Genealogy (2004): Most recently, genealogist BLAINE WHIPPLE10 (1930 – 2015) in his “History and Genealogy of “Elder” JOHN WHIPPLE of Ipswich, Massachusetts, His English Ancestors and American Descendants” published in 2004 states that “*ANTHONY POTTER1, son of ROBERT POTTER0, was born in Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire Co., England in 1628...His father, of Coventry, England, was in Lynn, Mass. as early as 1630.” [Rickmansworth is a suburb of London, England on its northwest side on the M25 beltway around the city.] When Mr. BLAINE WHIPPLE10 (1930 – 2015) was contacted, he couldn’t provide the source of this information or any more details about *ANTHONY POTTER1’s parents. The record is clear that the ROBERT POTTER0 alluded to above was ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 - 1655), the infamous “religious dissenter and agitator of New England” who was born in London, England in 1608, not Coventry, and immigrated to Massachusetts in April, 1634, not 1630. He could not have been the same ROBERT POTTER0 who may have immigrated to Lynn, Massachusetts four years earlier in 1630. Another possibility is that the 1630 immigration date is incorrect. Regardless, the data appears to be a mingling of several individuals’ genealogy. The confusion will be covered in detail later in this chapter. Obviously, more research is required in England to determine our *ANTHONY POTTER1’s (ca. 1628 – 1690) place and date of birth, and parents. There undoubtedly were a number of ROBERT POTTER0s and ANTHONY POTTER1s living at that time complicating the search.

[Further Research in England: Nevertheless, I recommend continuing the search for *ANTHONY POTTER1's parents first in Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire County where Genealogist BLAINE WHIPPLE10 (1930 – 2015) claims that *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) was born. Also, he reported that JENNETT (JANET) BROOKS DICKINSON WHIPPLE0 (1620 – 1687), the third wife of JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 - 1669), may have been born in Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire County CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 43 as well. However, most references state the she was born in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England. Newport Pagnell, Buckinghamshire County is another possibility where genealogists have reported two potential lineages for *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690). Next, I would search Theydon Garnon, Epping, Essex where the STEPHEN CLARKE-1 (1566 - 1610) family hailed from, and then nearby Stondon Massey which is only 8 miles east of Theydon Garnon in southwestern Essex County, England. The Reverend NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652) was pastor in Stondon Massey as well as Ipswich, Massachusetts. I would also consider searching Bocking (Braintree), Essex, the home town of JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) and the surrounding towns in Essex County including Boxted, Dedham, and Great Bromley - all in northeastern Essex county, England, and lastly to Nayland in southeastern Suffolk County, England. Other than Internet searches, I have made no effort myself to extend this search to England.]

Samuel Gardner Drake, in his "Founders of New England" stated from his experience: "Whoever goes to England expecting to find the genealogy of any particular family settled in America at an early date, is pretty sure, in at least nine cases out of ten, to meet with disappointment... Very few emigrants from England were landholders, and hence they leave no deeds or wills in the fatherland by which they can be traced... As the great body of emigrants to New England took no pains to transmit to their descendants any account of their ancestors, or even the places whence they came, it is pretty evident they had nothing to expect from the one, or any special regard for the other."4

VI. THE FAMILY NAME – “ANTHONY”: CHARLES EDWARD POTTER in his 1888 genealogy reported: “The name Anthony was a family (maiden) name, and suggests that his mother may have been an Anthony, as the families of Anthony and Potter were connected.” 5 It does make sense that our *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) may have been named for his mother or mother’s family. A number of conflicting references suggest that an ISABELLA ANTHONY (POTTER)0 was his mother. However, there is much confusion in these references about her pedigree, marriage, and offspring. Certainly the name fits, but the genealogical data doesn’t. More about her and these conflicting references is included later in this chapter. The only confirmed connection between the ANTHONY and the POTTER families in 1630s/1640s New England is the marriage on September 13, 1637 or 1642 in Portsmouth, Rhode Island of the 1634 immigrant, JOHN ANTHONY0 (1607 – 1675), to SUSANNA POTTER (ANTHONY)0 (1618/1623 - 1675) who was the sister or step- sister of the notorious ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655), “the Religious Agitator” of New England. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 44

The immigrant JOHN ANTHONY0 (1607 – 1675) was the son of the reputable Dr. JOHN ANTHONY-1 (1584/85 – 1655), the famous London “Doctor of Physic.” <<<

VII. PURITANS - THEIR BELIEFS, THEIR CHURCH, AND THEIR ROOTS:

A. PURITAN MIGRATION: During the "Great Puritan Migration (1630 – 1640)" of the 1630s, young *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) was one of the thousands of Puritans who immigrated to America. He would become the first American of our family and would settle in Ipswich, Massachusetts in 1637 and die there in 1690.6 The settlers of Massachusetts Bay were Puritans, largely though not exclusively Calvinist in doctrine, with the Congregational form of church. <<<

B. PURITAN THEOLOGY: Puritans were members of the “” who wished to return to the simplicity of Christian life and fellowship that existed many centuries before in the earliest days of the Christian church. They wished to purify the English church of its false beliefs, its paintings and its idols, its stained glass, its overpaid officials. Superficially, Puritanism was only a that the “Church of England” (the Anglican Church) should be purged of its hierarchy and of the traditions and ceremonies inherited from Rome. Most Puritans were sufficiently charitable toward their neighbors to think that England and her churches were still worth saving. In their own conception, the Puritans were merely establishing the true Church according to the word of God; they were separating from the corruptions of the “Church of England,” not from the Church itself. The churches were corrupt, yes, but they could be and should be "purified" of their unregenerate members, their heretical clergymen, and their unwarranted ceremonies, their bishops and archbishops. Thus, Puritans considered themselves to be reformers rather than separatists. They believed the Reformation incomplete, the Church of England insufficiently pure, and intended in North America to complete the task. On the other hand, the Pilgrims who settled Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620 were separatists from the “Church of England.” Separatists went one step further: they believed in separating themselves from the established “Church of England” and forming new, independent groups of believers. Puritanism, "the pure or stainless ," was a Protestant reform movement within the “Church of England.” The Puritans objected deeply to the ritualistic innovations that Bishops were seeking to impose on the . However, Puritanism meant much more. To the Puritan, man was by nature wholly sinful and could achieve good only by severe and unremitting discipline. Hard work was a religious duty; constant self-examination and order were mandatory. Some Puritans spent their lives demonstrating to themselves and everyone else how holy they were. All labored hard, and some, by so doing, amassed great wealth or won fame among their fellow men,

CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 45 but never dared enjoy it. To sit chatting idly or merely relaxing was a sinful waste of precious time, God’s time. Being a Puritan meant living in this world without taking your mind off God. They believed that every occurrence, however trivial or loathsome, was God’s will. At the same time they conceived God as infinitely just. They craved to know God’s will toward them and their commonwealth, and his opinion of the manner in which they were keeping the covenant. They had undertaken to establish a society where the will of God would be observed in every detail, a kingdom of God on earth. The Puritans believed that God was the supreme ruler and that the executors of his divine will were ordained ministers. Every nation, they believed existed by virtue of a covenant with God in which it promised to obey His commands. The Puritans believed that they must punish every sin committed in Massachusetts. And punish they did, with the eager cooperation of the whole community, who knew that sin unpunished might expose them all to the wrath of God. Families became little cells of righteousness where the mother and father disciplined not only their children but also their servants and any boarders they might take in. In order that no one should escape this wholesome control, it was forbidden for anyone to live alone: unmarried men and maids were required to place themselves in some family if their own had been left behind. It was the custom among Puritan church members to have a child baptized, if possible, on the first Sunday following birth. Parents were obliged to take care that all their children and apprentices learned to read, so that everyone would be able to see for himself in the Bible what opportunities for salvation God offered to man and what sins He forbade. The churches were thronged every Sunday with willing and unwilling worshipers - everyone was required to attend - and church members guarded each other's morals by censuring or excommunicating those who strayed from the straight path. Women did not speak in meeting, demurely or impudently. The fine for interrupting a minister was five pounds or two hours on the block. Thus, virtually the whole population was an ecclesiastical police force. <<<

C. : Calvinists believed that the ideal government was a in which the Church should regulate all details of , , and morals, and the State, as the physical arm of the Church, should enforce these regulations. To the Puritan, or one might say to the Calvinist, the calling by God - the conversion - was all-important. Calvin had preached a century earlier that "the covenant of life was not preached equally to all men; God gives to some what he refuses to others". Yet without grace, one could not be saved. These fortunate possessors of grace Figure 1: were known to themselves as "the Elect", and by others, as "the JOHANNES Saints". However, they were not born with this grace. Unlike the CALVIN Roman Catholics, they did not believe that they could obtain grace by (1509 – 1564)

CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 46 means of an outward sacrament such as baptism that redeemed Catholics from the stain of original sin. The Calvinists believed on the contrary that the vital grace came only through God's choice of the individual, who now Christ working in him. And once granted this grace would never be withdrawn. The Saints could not fall from grace. For these reasons, conversion or acknowledgement of the workings of grace was liable to appear an epoch- making spiritual event in the life of any member of the Elect. Every Puritan soul must experience the essential conversion, the choice by God, before it can find grace. The Puritans were encouraged by their ministers to think of themselves as “the Saints,” and to believe that grace descended to their children. Rigorous Calvinists, the Puritans had come a great distance to worship as they pleased; they were intolerant of those who did so differently. <<<

D. CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH: In Massachusetts, the most important requirement of the colony's special commission, everyone agreed, was the establishment of “churches organized precisely as God commanded.” The Congregational Church was based upon a church government that affirmed the essential importance and the autonomy of the local congregation; final authority rested with the assembly of the local congregation. Congregationalism allowed no central organization. Every church was independent. There would be no bishops or church hierarchy. The churches were governed by “pastors, teachers, ruling elders, and deacons,” yet the real power lied in the whole Congregation and not in the Presbytery. Each individual Congregational church and each congregation would be sufficient to itself. There would be no church larger than a congregation. Their church government was a mixed confederacy of independent congregations and weak synods. “The five points of Calvinism: (1) total depravity, (2) limited atonement, (3) unconditional election, (4) irresistible grace, and (5) the final perseverance of the saints, a Christian creed of extreme austerity,” defined Congregationalists’ formal beliefs. A distinctive feature of Congregationalism was "regenerate" (spiritually reborn or converted) membership. The Congregationalists insisted that membership be confined to persons who could prove, beyond a reasonable doubt that they had been singled out by God for salvation. It was possible to tell who was a "saint", they thought, even in this world, and while everyone must be made to attend church, only the "saints" should be admitted to membership. Every candidate for membership was examined by the members to satisfy them of his sainthood. Each candidate was obliged to describe the whole course of his life, explain how he reached the moment of conversion, and, since conversion, show how his life exhibited its effects. If he passed this examination, he was allowed to subscribe the church covenant, by which he agreed to join the other members in worship and holy living. The Congregationalist church, of course, did not admit unregenerate members, that is, "strangers". Strangers, those persons whom congregationalism excluded from

CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 47 church membership, were excluded not only from the sacraments and from a voice in the selection of their minister but also from “privileges of freemanship, the right to vote and hold office.” <<<

E. PURITAN ROOTS: Between 1630 and 1643, of some twenty- five thousand Puritans who came to the wilds of the nascent Massachusetts Bay Colony where they might enjoy their religious beliefs unmolested, nearly two-thirds of these colonists came from Essex and Suffolk in East Anglia and the adjoining counties (see map at left). The English colonists and our ancestors who settled Watertown and Ipswich, Massachusetts, were Puritans who came primarily from the countryside and boroughs of the counties of Essex and Suffolk in the “East Anglian Region” (Essex, Suffolk, and Norfolk counties) to the north and east of London.7 These immigrants to Watertown and Ipswich, Massachusetts came, for the most part, from a strictly defined region in “East Anglia” along the Stour River, which divides Essex from Suffolk, and from the boroughs of those counties and Hertfordshire.8 A circle drawn around the town of Haverhill, located very near the point where the three counties of Suffolk, Essex, and Cambridge come together, with a radius of sixty miles will circumscribe the area from which most New England families came. “East Anglia” produced approximately sixty percent (60%) of the emigrants to Massachusetts. Twenty percent (20%) of the population of Ipswich, Massachusetts were descended from emigrants from Boxted, Essex, England. Less than ten percent of emigrants to Massachusetts came from London, England. London was an important meeting place and shipping point for the builders of the Bay Colony, but it was not their English home. Also, passenger lists of that time typically listed each passenger’s place of birth and not his or her place of domicile at the time they emigrated. [Note: The idiom of “East Anglia” became the idiom of New England. The speech of New Englanders, “the Yankee twang”, is largely indebted to the county of Essex, and especially to the valley of the Colne from whence came “the Norfolk whine”. Many of the early records show various spellings of names e.g. ANTHONY or ANTONYE, POTTER or POTTAR, etc. Some alternate spellings may be phonetically derived from the regional accents of the time. Thus, POT-TAR is the phonetic spelling of POTTER in Puritan New England. There was no standardized spelling in the seventeenth century and men who spelled a word several different ways in the same document were not necessarily illiterate or uneducated.] In an afternoon’s drive of seventy or eighty miles, one may visit Framlingham, Ipswich, Dedham, Great Bromley, Colchester, Bocking, Braintree, Nayland, Boxford, Boxted, Groton, Sudbury, and Haverhill, and spend the night at Cambridge. Every other Massachusetts town founded before 1660 was named after an English community. Most were named after English towns within sixty miles of the village of Haverhill. This is the

CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 48 heart of “East Anglia,” the section of England, which, according to scholars, has produced the greatest statesmen, scientists, ecclesiastics, scholars, and artists in English history, and which has always been distinguished for a profound love of liberty and independence. In “East Anglia,” the puritan movement bit deepest. From “East Anglia” came the heaviest contingent for the planting of Massachusetts Bay; and Massachusetts as colony and commonwealth, by ever known test of eminence, has produced more distinguished men and women in proportion to her population, than any other state of the Union. <<<

Figure 2: The Stour River from a bridge near Boxted, Essex County, England. (2006 photograph)

VIII. *ANTHONY POTTER1’S (ca. 1628 – 1690) FATHERS-IN-LAW:

A. FATHERS-IN-LAW: I have not been able to determine for certain who were the parents of *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) or whence he came; however, his “fathers-in-law,” (1) JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 -1669) and (2) 8X Great Grandfather, Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 - 1672), give us some clues as to his place of origin. <<<

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(1) JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669): JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 -1669), the first father- in-law and guardian (and possibly stepfather or uncle) of *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690), was baptized on August 29th, 1596 in “St. Mary’s Church,” of , (photo at left – an interesting structure of flint and stone in the later Pointed Style) in Bocking, Essex9 in East Anglia, England. His daughter, ELIZABETH WHIPPLE POTTER1 (1627 – 1648), married *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca.1628 – 1690) about 1647 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. Bocking (anciently known as Bockinge) is located forty-five (45) miles northeast of London on the banks of the Pant River where it meets the Blackwater River. It is located just 2 miles north of Braintree (Brayntre in 1630) in north central Essex County, England. Anciently known as "Branktree Hamlettum de magna Raines" or, "Raine-magna" or, "Branktre", or "Branchetreu," a Saxon name meaning "town near a river," (actually between Pods Brook and the river Blackwater), Braintree grew larger than Bocking because it lay near the intersection of the two great Roman highways and was once the seat of the Bishops of London. Braintree and Bocking, Essex, were on the main pilgrim route from Canterbury and London to Bury St. Edmunds. A lane leading from Bocking to Halstead is still called “Pilgrim’s Way.” By the middle of the 16th Century both Braintree and Bocking were doing well in the clothing industry. The arrival of immigrants from the Low Countries in the 16th Century contributed to the continuing prosperity of the cloth-workers who were now also making “Bays” and “Says.” Braintree and Bocking, though separate parishes in Essex, form but one town in everything but name and certain minor details of local interest. Located in a prosperous agricultural region, they were well-known “cloths manufacturing towns.” About 1570 a number of Flemish refugees had settled in Braintree and established the business of cloth which thrived there. Soon crape mills and other factories sprung up in both towns spiking growth of their population. The twin parishes, known to the outside world as Braintree, are situated on rising ground beside the river Blackwater and lie on the site of an old Roman station.10

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Table 3: Pedigree of ELIZABETH WHIPPLE POTTER1 (1627 – 1648).

Name Spouse THOMAS WHIPPLE-3 (unknown) (ca. 1475 – 1535/37) THOMAS WHIPPLE-2 MARGARET (?) (WHIPPLE)-2 (ca. 1510 - ? ) ( ? - 1577) Born: ca. 1510 – England. Born: unknown – England. Married: unknown – England. Married: unknown – England. Lived at: Bishop’s Stortford, Died: ca. June, 1577 – Bocking, Essex, Hertfordshire, England. England. Died: unknown – England. Buried: June 13, 1577 – Bocking, Essex, England. (or) DOROTHY (?) (WHIPPLE)-2 ( ? - ? )

MATTHEW WHIPPLE SR-1 JOAN (JOANNA) STEPHENS (ca. 1550 – 1619), “The Elder.” (WHIPPLE)-1 (ca. 1561/62 – 1612) Born: ca. 1550/1560 – Bocking, Essex, Born: ca. 1561/62 – Bocking, Essex, England. England. Baptized: “St. Mary’s Church,” Married: ca. 1580/82 – “St. Mary’s Bocking, Essex, England. Church,” Bocking, Essex, Eng. Occupation: “Clothier” of Bocking, Children: (9): 2 sons and 7 daughters. Essex, England. Died: ca. May, 1612 – Bocking, Essex, Married: ca. 1580/82 – “St. Mary’s England. Church,” Bocking, Essex, Buried: May 19, 1612 – “St. Mary’s England. Church Cemetery,” Bocking, Children: (9): 2 sons and 7 daughters. Essex, England. Died: ca. January, 1618/19 – Bocking, Essex, England. [Note: One unconfirmed source says she Buried: January 16, 1618/19 – was JOHANNA FULLER WHIPPLE-1 “St. Mary’s Church,” Bocking, (1593 – 1612).] Essex, England. Last Will: made December 19, 1616; proved January 28, 1618/19.

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st JOHN WHIPPLE0 1 Wife: SUSANNA CLARKE (1596 – 1669), Elder. (WHIPPLE)0 (ca. 1594 – before 1634) Born: 1596 – Bocking, Essex, England. Born: ca. 1594 – possibly Theydon Baptized: August 29, 1596 – St. Mary’s Garnon, England. Church, Bocking, Essex, England. Baptized: January 11, 1596 – Theydon Married three (3) times: Garnon, Essex, England. (1) SUSANNA CLARKE Married: August 28, 1621 – “St. Andrew (WHIPPLE)0 (ca. 1594 – before by the Wardrobe Church,” 1634) on August 28, 1621 at London, England. “St. Andrew by the Wardrobe Church,” Died: before Feb. 20, 1634 – Bocking, London, England. Essex, England. (2) SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN ------nd (WHIPPLE)0 (ca. 1605 – 1662) or possibly by the 2 wife of possibly before February 20, 1634 at “St. JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), Mary’s Church,” Bocking, Essex, Elder: England (or possibly at “St. Michael the ------Archangel Church” in Braintree, Essex, 2nd Wife: SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN England. (WHIPPLE)0 (ca. 1605 – 1662) (3) JENNETT (JANET) BROOKS Born: ca. 1605 – Braintree, Essex, Eng. st DICKINSON (WHIPPLE)0 (1620 – Married 1 : WILLIAM COPPIN0 on 1687) after April, 1662 at Ipswich, September 26, 1622 – “St. Massachusetts. Mary’s Church,” Bocking, Children: (11): 5 sons and 6 daughters. Essex, England. nd Emigrated: ca. 1638 from Bocking, Married 2 : JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – Essex, England. 1669) possibly before Died: June 30, 1669 – Ipswich, MA. Feb. 20, 1634 at “St. Mary’s Last Will: made May 19, 1669; Church,” Bocking, Essex, paid Sept. 28, 1669; England. bequeathed his entire estate to Died: April, 1662 – Ipswich, MA. his only son, Captain JOHN WHIPPLE1 (1625 – 1683). ELIZABETH WHIPPLE (POTTER)1 *ANTHONY POTTER1 (1627 – 1648) – 1st Wife of (ca. 1628 – 1690) *ANTHONY POTTER1 Born: ca. 1627/28 – England. (ca.1628 – 1690). Married twice: Born: November 1, 1627 – Bocking, (1) ca. 1647 – Ipswich, Massachusetts. Essex, England. 1st Wife: ELIZABETH WHIPPLE Baptized: ca. November 1, 1627 – (POTTER)1 (1627 – 1648) “St. Mary’s Church,” Bocking, Essex, England. (2) 1652 – Ipswich, Massachusetts. Married: ca. 1647 – Ipswich, MA. 2nd Wife: *ELIZABETH STONE Children: none; died without issue. (POTTER)1 (1629 – 1712) CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 52

Died: December 15, 1648 at 21 years of Children: seven (7) by 2nd wife: 5 sons and age – Ipswich, Massachusetts. 2 daughters. Cause of Death: Probably complications Died: February or March, 1690 – Ipswich, of attempted childbirth. Massachusetts. Buried: one source says she was “buried Buried: Probably in the “Ancient Old in the yard of the house built by North Burial Ground,” Ipswich, Major General DENNISON Massachusetts ; his grave marker near the present stone mill in has long ago disappeared. Ipswich” located between the Last Will: made December 27, 1689; present Market, Union, and proved on March 26, 1690. Saltonstall (Winter) Streets; grave marker has long ago disappeared. Notes: (1) Some genealogical records show that JOHN WHIPPLE0’s (1596 – 1669) first wife, SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1594 – before 1634), was ELIZABETH WHIPPLE POTTER1’s (1627 – 1648) mother. Other records show that JOHN WHIPPLE0’s (1596 – 1669) second wife, SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – 1662), was her mother. Genealogists have yet to find out SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0’s date of death believed to be sometime before 1634 in England which will determine which of JOHN WHIPPLE0’s (1596 – 1669) children were actually her’s. (2) ELIZABETH WHIPPLE POTTER1 (1627 – 1648) died without issue on November 15, 1648 or December 15, 1648 probably from complications of an attempted childbirth. We are descended from *ANTHONY POTTER1’s (ca. 1627/28 – 1690) second wife, *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 – 1712), whom he married about 1652 in Ipswich, Massachusetts.

Bocking, Essex: The streets of the double village of Braintree and Bocking, Essex, England are narrow and winding, and are lined with houses, many dating from Stuart and Tudor times. JOHN WHIPPLE0's (1596 – 1669) father, MATTHEW WHIPPLE SR-1 (ca. 1550s - 1619), the Elder, was a successful clothier of Bocking, Essex, England who had a capital messuage (i.e. a dwelling house for himself, additional houses for other family members and servants, and some other out buildings CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 53 such as a barn or stable) with yards, gardens, and orchards on Bradford Street, Bocking (image above). Sometime prior to 1593, MATTHEW WHIPPLE SR-1 (ca. 1550 – 1618/19) purchased this Bradford Street property for 40 pounds from ROBERT ARDLEY-1 and JOAN ARDLEY-1. Bradford Street was one of the prettiest streets in Bocking and was named for “Great Bradfords,” a farm on the Coggeshall Road. The popular “Six Bells Inn” on Bradford Street was a late medieval church alehouse frequented for centuries until it was demolished in the 1930s. MATTHEW WHIPPLE SR-1’s (ca. 1550 – 1618/19) Last Will and Testament was dated December 19, 1616. He was probably in his late fifties when he died in 1619. His burial in “St. Mary’s Church Cemetery” on January 16, 1619 was recorded in the parish register of “St. Mary's Deanery Church” (“St. Mary the Virgin”) in Bocking, Essex, England.11

[Notes: (1) The parish register of “St. Mary the Virgin” church in Bocking may be good place to search for *ANTHONY POTTER1's family. However, the ancient registers of “St. Mary the Virgin” church went missing for a long time. They were eventually found but parts were missing. Nevertheless, much was saved from 1558 to 1639. (2) Bocking was the home of a WILLIAM POTTER0 (relationship unknown) about this time. (3) Unfortunately, the parish registers before 1660 of the neighboring “St. Michael’s” church in Braintree, Essex have been lost.]

[Note: Two U.S. Presidents, (1) CALVIN COOLIDGE7 (1872 – 1933) and (2) FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT8 (1882 – 1945), are descendants of MATTHEW WHIPPLE SR-1 (ca. 1550 – 1619), the Elder of Bocking, Essex, England.]

Bocking, Essex: Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0’s (1596 -1669) mother may have been JOHANNA (JOAN) STEPHENS(?) WHIPPLE-1 (ca. 1562 – 1612) who was buried in the “Deanery Church of St. Mary the Virgin Cemetery,” Bocking, Essex, England on May 19th, 1612. She would have been the wife of MATTHEW WHIPPLE SR-1 (ca. 1550s - 1619), the Elder. Genealogist BLAINE WHIPPLE10 (1930 – 2015) believed MATTHEW WHIPPLE SR-1 (ca. 1550s – 1618/19) and JOHANNA (JOAN) STEPHENS(?) WHIPPLE-1 (ca. 1562 – 1612) were probably in their early twenties when they married probably in late 1582. They had nine children including Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669).

Fort Tilbury, Essex, England: Genealogist BLAINE WHIPPLE10 (1930 – 2015) also believed that Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0’s (1596 – 1669) father, MATTHEW WHIPPLE SR-1 (ca. 1550s – 1619), at about age 28, was probably a member of the Essex troop during the war with Spain in 1588. It is believed that he was at “Fort Tilbury, Essex” CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 54

(see map above) when 55 year old Queen ELIZABETH I-2 (1533 - 1603) inspected the army (image at right) commanded by Sir CHRISTOPHER HATTON-2 (1540 - 1591) there on August 18 and 19, 1588, ten days after the Great Spanish Armada was defeated at sea and had fled northward around the British Isles. The English army at “Fort Tilbury” consisted of four thousand Essex foot from many Essex trained bands (militia) and a few hundred horse of Essex County supplemented by one thousand foot, all armed with firearms, from London. The troops were held at “Fort Tilbury” while the details of the sea battle came in and in case the substantial remainder of the great and terrible Spanish fleet returned or another Spanish Army currently encamped at Dunkirk, France invaded.

Figure 3: Queen ELIZABETH I-2 (1533 - 1603) at the time of the Spanish Armada in 1588 and Sir CHRISTOPHER HATTON-2 (1540 – 1591) as Lord Chancellor in 1589.

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[Note: Sir CHRISTOPHER HATTON-2 (1540 – 1591) was not of noble birth. He caught Queen ELIZABETH I-2’s eye as a result of his good looks and elegant dancing. He soon received valuable estates and offices from the Queen. He was admitted to Court, appointed Captain of the Queen’s Guard, and later, in April, 1587, Lord Chancellor. His passionate devotion to Queen ELIZABETH I-2 is legendary. Fiercely loyal to his mistress, he never married. However, rumors swirled that Sir CHRISTOPHER HATTON-2 secretly harbored Catholic sympathies and that he was not averse to eliminating a political rival. He invested and made substantial profits in some of the voyages of Sir FRANCIS DRAKE-2 (ca. 1540 - 1596). He helped fund Sir FRANCIS DRAKE-2’s circumnavigation of the globe (1577 to 1580) and when Sir FRANCIS DRAKE-2 reached the straits of Magellan in the “Pelican,” he renamed his ship “The Golden Hind” in honor of Sir CHRISTOPHER HATTON-2’s coat-of-arms which contained a golden hind. Sir CHRISTOPHER HATTON-2 died on November 20, 1591 in London and was buried in St. Paul’s Cathedral.] Genealogist BLAINE WHIPPLE10 (1930 – 2015) also presumed that either MARGARETA (MARGARET) WHIPPLE-2 ( ? - 1577) who was buried in the “Deanery Church of St. Mary the Virgin Cemetery,” Bocking, Essex, England on June 13, 1577 or DOROTHY (?) WHIPPLE-1 is MATTHEW WHIPPLE SR-1’s (ca. 1550 – 1619) mother and Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0’s (1596 – 1669) grandmother. <<<

Brigadier General WILLIAM WHIPPLE4 (1730 - 1785) - Signer of the “Declaration of Independence” and Descendant of MATTHEW WHIPPLE SR-1 (ca. 1550 - 1619):

Brigadier General WILLIAM WHIPPLE4 (1730 - 1785), one of the signers of the “Declaration of Independence” representing New Hampshire in the Continental Congress, was a descendant of MATTHEW WHIPPLE SR-1 (ca. 1550 - 1619) of Bocking, Essex, England. He was the son of WILLIAM WHIPPLE3 of Kittery, Maine, grandson of MATTHEW WHIPPLE2, another MATTHEW WHIPPLE SR-1 (ca. 1550 – 1619) namesake, and great great grandson of Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) of Ipswich, Massachusetts. General WHIPPLE4 resided in Portsmouth, New Hampshire and his grave is in the North Cemetery marked by an altar stone.12

New England: Since arriving in the New World sometime before 1637 or in 1638 probably with the JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) family from Bocking, Essex, England, records show that *ANTHONY POTTER1's (ca. 1628 – 1690) life was always very close to and very much influenced by his dear father-in-law, JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), who appears to have been like a father to him and may have been his uncle or even his stepfather. The author believes that there was a direct family relationship between JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) and *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) in England prior to their emigration to Ipswich, Massachusetts.

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Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) may have been married three times rather than twice as reported by earlier genealogists:

Table 4: The Three Wives of Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) of Bocking, Essex, England and Ipswich, Massachusetts. 1. SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1594 – before 1634) was the daughter of STEPHEN CLARKE-1 (1566 – ca. 1610) and ELIZABETH (?) CLARKE-1 (1567 – 1606) of Theydon Garnon, Epping, Essex, England. She married JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) on August 28th, 1621 at “St. Andrew by the Wardrobe Church” in London England; she probably died in England before 1634 and never immigrated to America. She may have been *ANTHONY POTTER1’s aunt. [Note: Genealogist and author BLAINE WHIPPLE10 (1930 – 2015) reported that JOHN WHIPPLE0’s first marriage in 1621 is not listed in the St. Mary’s parish register in Bocking, Essex, England which fits with JOHN WHIPPLE0’s first marriage having been at “St. Andrew by the Wardrobe Church,” an Anglican Church located on Queen Victoria Street in London, England near Blackfriars Station, and not in Bocking, Essex, England. “St. Andrew by the Wardrobe Church” was burned in the “Great Fire of London” in 1666, rebuilt in 1695, destroyed again by the Germans during the “London Blitz” of World War II, rebuilt in 1961. The famous author WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE-1 (1564 – 1616) was a parishioner of “St. Andrew by the Wardrobe” for fifteen years sometime between 1589 and 1613.] 2. SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – 1662) was born about 1605 in Braintree, Essex, England. She was the daughter of Gentleman JOHN HAWKINS-1 (ca. 1570 – ca. 1619), a wealthy clothier of Braintree, Essex, England, nd and his 2 wife, MARY LEVITT HAWKINS-1 (ca. 1580 – 1635), of Braintree, Essex, England who were married there probably in “St. Michael the Archangel Church” on February 21, 1603/04. They lived in a fine mansion in “Great Square” in Braintree, Essex. SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – 1662) married at least twice: (1) She married WILLIAM COPPIN0 on September 26, 1622 at “St. Mary’s Church” in Bocking, Essex, England. It is conjectured that he died fairly young and she became a young widow. (2) Possibly becoming a young widow, she may have married a second time to JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) at “St. Mary’s Parish” in Bocking, Essex, England; they probably married there sometime in or before 1633 since her known daughter, MARY WHIPPLE (STONE)1 (1634 – 1720), was born on February 20, 1634 in Bocking, Essex, England.

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SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – 1662) died in April, 1662 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. [Notes: There is much confusion as to the name of Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0’s (1596 – 1669) first wife. Early genealogists reported that his first wife was SARAH HAWKINS0 (ca. 1605 – 1662). Others, including genealogist BLAINE WHIPPLE10 (1930 – 2015), claimed that his first wife was SUSANNA STACY0 or SUSANNA CLARK0 (ca. 1594 – before 1634). No one until now has claimed that possibly both SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1594 – before 1634) and SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – 1662) were his wives and that Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) had actually married three times. There are two clues to support that SARAH HAWKINS0 (ca. 1605 – 1662) was one of Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0’s (1596 – 1669) wives: (1) First, SARAH HAWKINS0 (ca. 1605 – 1662) was reported to be the mother of MARY WHIPPLE (STONE)1 (1634 – 1720) who was born on February 20, 1634 in Bocking, Essex, England and who, it was clearly reported, emigrated with her mother, SARAH HAWKINS0, to America in 1638. (2) Secondly, she may have been mentioned as “my sister Whipple” in her brother’s Will which was proved on October 18, 1633. Her brother was JOHN HAWKINS JR.0 ( ? - 1633) who died on September 3, 1633 in Braintree, Essex, England and may have named her in his 1633 Will: “To my sister Whipple forty shillings as remembrance from me.” However, Genealogist BLAINE WHIPPLE10 (1930 – 2015) believed this reference to “my sister Whipple” is related to another sister, ANNE HAWKINS WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1604 – 1643), the first wife of MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 (1588 – 1647) who were married on May 7, 1622 in “St. Mary’s Church” in Bocking, Essex, England. This makes sense. But if this were true, why was there no mention of his sister SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN0 (ca. 1605 – 1662) as “my sister Coppin” in his 1633 Last Will. Maybe she was SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – 1662) by this time. Who knows?

There were at least two SARAH WHIPPLEs living in Ipswich, Massachusetts at that time which has confused some of the vital records: (1) SARAH WHIPPLE1 ( ? - 1658), the first wife of Lieutenant JOHN WHIPPLE1 (1632 – 1695) who was the son of MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 (1588 – 1647), died on June 14th, 1658 in Ipswich, Massachusetts; and (2) SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – 1662), the second wife of Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), who died in April, 1662 in Ipswich, Massachusetts.]

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3. JENNETT (JANET) BROOKS DICKINSON WHIPPLE0 (1620 – 1687) was born in 1620 in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England; she was baptized on December 3, 1620 in the “Huddersfield Parish Church of St. Peter’s;” she was the daughter of WILLIAM BROOKS-1. She married twice: (1) On April 15, 1640 in Rowley, Massachusetts (or at Farnley, District of Leeds in West Yorkshire, England – he may have returned to England to marry her) she married first THOMAS MOSES DICKINSON0 (1618/19 – 1662) of West Yorkshire, England. THOMAS MOSES DICKINSON0 (1618/19 – 1662) was born in 1618 or 1619 at Farnley, a District of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England; he was the son of HENRY DICKINISON-1 (ca. 1590 – 1636) and SARAH COOPER DICKINSON-1 (ca. 1598 – 1636) of Bradley Hall, Staffordshire, England who married in 1612. It is believed he immigrated in 1638 with the Reverend EZEKIEL ROGERS0 (1590 – 1660) from Rowley, Yorkshire, England via Salem to Rowley, Massachusetts on the good ship “John of London.” THOMAS MOSES DICKINSON0 (1618/19 - 1662) was a wealthy landowner and clothier of Rowley and Wenham, Massachusetts. They had six (6) children born between 1640 and 1655 in Rowley, Massachusetts. THOMAS MOSES DICKINSON0 (1618/19 - 1662) made his Last Will on March 8, 1662 and died in March, 1662 in Rowley, Massachusetts and was buried on March 29, 1662 in the “Rowley Burial Ground.” His Last Will was proved on April 17, 1662. (2) Sometime after April, 1662 she married second Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) in Ipswich, Massachusetts. They had no children. JENNETT (JANET) BROOKS DICKINSON WHIPPLE0 (1620 – 1687) died on January 30th, 1687 in Ipswich and was buried in the “Rowley Burial Ground” in Rowley, Massachusetts probably next to her first husband.

Possible Relationships of *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) to Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669): Father-In-Law: Records clearly show that *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) married ELIZABETH WHIPPLE (POTTER)1 (1627 – 1648), the daughter of JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), about 1647 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. Thus, JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) was definitely *ANTHONY POTTER1’s father-in-law. 13 Stepson: One unconfirmed source even states that *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) was the "stepson" of Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) of Ipswich, Massachusetts. There is clearly a family relationship of some kind that connects *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) to JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) before they immigrated to New England.

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Since JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) married his first wife, SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1596 – before 1634), on August 28, 1621 at “St. Andrew by the Wardrobe Church” in London, England, his first wife, a WHIPPLE0 and not a POTTER0 in 1627 and 1628 when *ANTHONY POTTER1 was born, could not have been *ANTHONY POTTER1’s mother since *ANTHONY POTTER1 wasn’t born until ca. 1627 or 1628. However, she could have been *ANTHONY POTTER1’s aunt. This leaves the possibility that JOHN WHIPPLE0’s second wife, SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN (POTTER??) WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – 1662), could have been the mother of *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690). However, I have not found any record of SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – 1662) having been a POTTER widow with a son, *ANTHONY POTTER1 (1628 – 1690), when she probably married JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) sometime before 1634 in England. Also, there is no mention of this possible connection in the records of Ipswich, Massachusetts.

Table 5: The WHIPPLE - HAWKINS Brother-Sister and Husband-Wife Family Relationships. Husbands and Brothers Wives and Sisters MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 ANNE HAWKINS WHIPPLE0 (1588 – 1647) (1604 – 1643) – first wife of Matthew0. Married: May 7, 1622 – Married: May 7, 1622 – St. Mary’s Church, St. Mary’s Church, Bocking, Essex, England. Bocking, Essex, England.

Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN (1596 – 1669) WHIPPLE0 Married: probably before (ca. 1605 – 1662) – second wife of February 20, 1634 – John Whipple0 (1596 – 1669). St. Mary’s Church, Married: probably before Bocking, Essex, England. February 20, 1634 – St. Mary’s Church, Bocking, Essex, England.

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Notes: (1) Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) may have been *ANTHONY POTTER1’s (ca. 1628 – 1690) “step-father” or “uncle.” (2) *ANTHONY POTTER1’s (ca. 1628 – 1690) Last Will & Testament reference to “Cousin” JOHN WHIPPLE1 (1632 – 1695) may have been to the eldest son of MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 (1588 – 1647) and ANNE HAWKINS WHIPPLE0 (1604 – 1643). (3) SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0’s (ca. 1605 – 1662) known daughter was MARY WHIPPLE (STONE)1 (1634 – 1720) who was born on February 20, 1634 in Bocking, Essex, England.

Genealogist BLAINE WHIPPLE10 (1930 – 2015) reported that SARAH HAWKINS0 (ca. 1605 – 1662) married WILLIAM COPPIN10 on September 26, 1622 in St. Mary’s Church in Bocking, Esssex, England. If she became the widow of WILLIAM COPPIN10, her name would have been SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE10 (ca. 1605 – 1662) after her probable marriage to JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) sometime before February 20, 1634, the day her known daughter, MARY WHIPPLE (STONE)1 (1634 – 1720), was born in Bocking, Essex, England. *ANTHONY POTTER1’s December 28, 1689 Last Will & Testament mentions his “cousin” Mr. JOHN WHIPPLE1 who was appointed as one of the three overseers of his Last Will and Testament. It is believed that this “cousin” may have been Cousin JOHN WHIPPLE1 (1632 – 1695), the eldest son of his possible Uncle MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 (1588 – 1647), brother of his possible “stepfather,” Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669). This “cousin” could not have been Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683), son of Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) since th Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) had died years earlier on August 10 , 1683. Furthermore, “cousin” Mr. JOHN WHIPPLE1 (1632 – 1695)’s mother and, therefore, possibly *ANTHONY POTTER1’s aunt, was ANNE HAWKINS WHIPPLE0 (1604 – 1643) who was the first wife of Uncle MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 (1588 – 1647). She was the daughter of the wealthy clothier and Gentleman JOHN HAWKINS-1 (1570 – 1619) of Bocking, Essex, England. Since ANNE HAWKINS WHIPPLE0 (1604 – 1643), first wife of MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 (1588 – 1647), and SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN (POTTER??) WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – 1662), second wife of *ANTHONY POTTER1’s “stepfather,” Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), were sisters, this further supports the possibility that SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN (POTTER??) WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – 1662) may have been *ANTHONY POTTER1’s mother, though highly unlikely. Nevertheless, this requires further research.

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Table 6: The Wealthy Clothier and Gentleman JOHN HAWKINS-1 (1570 – 1619) and MARY LEVITT HAWKINS-1 (1580 – 1635) Family of Braintree and Bocking, Essex, England. Gentleman JOHN HAWKINS-1 (1570 – 1619), Esquire, was the son of JOHN nd HAWKINS-2. He married his 2 wife, MARY LEVITT (HAWKINS)-1 (1580 – 1635), probably in “St. Michael the Archangel Church” in Braintree, Essex, England about February 21, 1603/04. They lived in a fine mansion in “Great Square” in Braintree, Essex, England. Gentleman JOHN HAWKINS-1 (1570 – 1619) was a wealthy clothier of Braintree, Essex who bought estates in Colchester, Essex about 1600 and eventually settled at a manor in Alresford Hall, a small village 6 miles southeast of 14 Colchester. Gentleman JOHN HAWKINS-1 (1570 – 1619) died in 1619 and his tomb is marked by a bronze plaque on the north Chancel Wall of “St. Michael the Archangel Church” in Braintree, Essex, England. Gentleman JOHN HAWKINS-1 (1570 – 1619) had at least six (6) children, four (4) by his first wife, name unknown, and two (2) by his second wife, MARY LEVITT HAWKINS-1 (1580 – 1635): Children by 1st wife: (1) ELEANOR HAWKINS0 (1593/94 – 1609/10), baptized March 6, 1595; (2) JOHN HAWKINS JR (III)0 ( ? – 1633) - [Last Will dated September 3, 1633; proved October 18, 1633]. (3) FRANCIS HAWKINS0; (4) MARY HAWKINS (WRIGHT)0, married WILLIAM WRIGHT0 on November 8, 1610. Children by 2nd wife: (1) ANNE HAWKINS (WHIPPLE)0 (1604 – 1643) married MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 (1588 – 1647), brother of JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), on May 7, 1622 in St. Mary’s Church in Bocking, Essex, England. (2) SARAH HAWKINS (COPPIN) (WHIPPLE)0 (ca. 1605 – 1662), married first th WILLIAM COPPIN0 on September 26 , 1622 at St. Mary’s Church in Bocking, Essex, England; she may have married a second time to JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) at St. Mary’s Church in Bocking, Essex, England sometime before February 20, 1634, the day her known daughter, MARY WHIPPLE (STONE)1 (1634 – 1720) was born in Bocking, Essex, England. Records clearly indicate that SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – 1662) immigrated with her daughter, MARY WHIPPLE (STONE)1 (1634 – 1720), to Massachusetts in 1638. SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – 1662) died in April, 1662 in Ipswich, Massachusetts.

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Note: JOHN HAWKINS JR0’s ( ? – 1633) Last Will dated September 3, 1633 mentions four sisters and one brother: (a) sister WHIPPLE0, (b) sister KENT0, (c) sister EDES, (d) sister ARCHER0, and (e) brother FRANCIS0. But no “sister COPPIN0” is mentioned. Also, could SARAH HAWKINS (COPPIN) (WHIPPLE)0 (1599 – 1662) have been “sister KENT0, EDES0, or ARCHER0 in 1633? Who knows?

However, it is unlikely that Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) was both *ANTHONY POTTER1's father-in-law and stepfather? This reference to “stepson” may have been a simple mistake i.e. a substitution of stepson for son-in-law, or an inaccurate way of describing Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0's guardian or uncle relationship to *ANTHONY POTTER1 in the new world. On the other hand, maybe *ANTHONY POTTER1 (1628 – 1690) did marry his “step-sister,” ELIZABETH WHIPPLE POTTER1 (1627 – 1648) about 1647.

[The CLARK or CLARKE Connection] Another unproven possibility is that JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) was *ANTHONY POTTER1’s uncle by his first wife, SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1594 – before 1634), who may have been his aunt. [Note: CLARKE has been spelled in the old records as CLARK and CLERKE as 15 well.] One unconfirmed source reports that *ROBERT POTTER0 and *JOANNA CLARK POTTER0 were the parents of *ANTHONY POTTER1 who was born ca. 1627/28 in England. However, this must be verified. The parents of this *JOANNA CLARK POTTER0 were not reported and have not been determined. If *JOANNA CLARK POTTER0 and SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1596 – before 1634), first wife of JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), were somehow related, either: “sisters, step-sisters, or cousins” that would explain *ANTHONY POTTER1’s connection to JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) in Ipswich, Massachusetts. <<<

Table 7: The STEPHEN CLARKE-1 (1566 – ca. 1610) and ELIZABETH (?) CLARKE-1 (1567 – 1606) Family of Theydon Garnon, Epping, Essex, England. SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1594 – before 1634) was one of at least seven children born to STEPHEN CLARKE-1 (1566 – ca. 1610), yeoman, and his first wife, ELIZABETH (?) CLARKE-1 (1567 – 1606), of Theydon Garnon, Epping, Essex, England. She was baptized in Theydon Garnon, Essex, England as were all of STEPHEN CLARKE-1’s and ELIZABETH (?) CLARKE-1’s seven children. STEPHEN CLARKE-1 (1566 – ca. 1610) and ELIZABETH (?) CLARKE-1 (1567 – 1606), his first wife, were married in 1588 in Theydon Garnon, Epping, Essex, England and had the following seven (7) children:

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(1) WILLIAM CLARKE0 was christened February 2, 1589; (2) RICHARD CLARKE0 was christened August 29, 1591. He died May 28, 1594 in Theydon Garnon and was buried May 28, 1594 also in Theydon Garnon, Epping, Essex, England; (3) THOMASIN CLARKE0 (female) was christened November 25, 1593; (4) SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1594 – before 1634) was christened January 11, 1596. She married (Elder) JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), a “clothier” of Bocking, Essex, England, at “St. Andrew by the Wardrobe Church” in London, Middlesex, England on August 28, 1621. She probably died in England sometime before 1634, the year MARY WHIPPLE (STONE)1 (1634 – 1720) was born, and definitely before 1638 when Puritan JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) immigrated with his second wife and family to America; (5) ROSE CLARKE0 was christened March 11, 1598; (6) MARY (MARIE?) CLARKE0 was christened February 3, 1600; (7) ELIZABETH CLARKE STACY0 (1602 - 1669) was born in Theydon Garnon, Epping, Essex in 1602. She married SIMON STACY0 (1597 - 1644), a “clothier” of Bocking, Essex, England, at Theydon Mount, Essex, England in 1620 (marriage license dated November 6, 1620). They immigrated to America in 1636 and settled in Ipswich, Massachusetts where SIMON STACY0 (1597 – 1644) was a “proprietor” in 1637. She died in November, 1669 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. Her Last Will was proved on March 29, 1670. [Note: Possibly *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) immigrated with SIMON STACY0 (1597 – 1644) and ELIZABETH CLARKE STACY0 (1602 – 1669) in 1636 since they may have been related.] STEPHEN CLARKE-1 (1566 – ca. 1610) had two wives: (1) ELIZABETH (?) CLARKE-1 (1567 – 1606) and STEPHEN CLARKE-1 (1566 – ca. 1610) were married in 1588 in Theydon Garnon, Epping, Essex, England. They had seven (7) children listed above. She died in 1606 in Theydon Garnon, Epping, Essex, England. (2) ELIZABETH REYNOLDS CLARKE-1 (1570 – 1609) was born in 1570 in Theydon Garnon, Epping, Essex, England. She was the daughter of ROBERT REYNOLDS-2 and ELLIN HILL REYNOLDS-2. STEPHEN CLARKE-1 (1566 – ca. 1610) married his second wife, ELIZABETH REYNOLDS CLARKE-1 (1570 – 1609), on December 8, 1607 in Theydon Garnon, Epping, Essex, England. Their children, if any, have not yet been determined. She died in February, 1609 and was buried on February 16, 1609 in Theydon Garnon, Epping, Essex, England.

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Table : The SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1594 – before 1634) Pedigree. She was the first wife of JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669). Gen. Pedigree -3 WILLIAM CLARKE-3 (1493 – 1553) and JOAN (?) CLARKE-3 (1498 – ca. 1551) – married in 1519 in Theydon Garnon, Epping, Essex, England. -2 HENRY CLARKE-2 (1530 – 1575) and JOAN ARCHER CLARKE-2 (1538 – ca. 1575) – married in 1559 at Theydon Garnon, Epping, Essex, England. -1 STEPHEN CLARKE-1 (ca. 1566 – 1610) and ELIZABETH (?) CLARKE-1 (1567 – 1606) – married in 1588 at Theydon Garnon, Epping, Essex, England. This was his first marriage. 0 SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1594 – before 1634) and (Elder) JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) – married on August 28, 1621 in “St. Andrew by Wardrobe Church,” London, Middlesex, England; she must have died in England sometime before 1634 and definitely before 1638, the year Puritan JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) immigrated to Massachusetts with his second wife, SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – 1658), and family including their daughter, MARY WHIPPLE (STONE)1 (1634 – 1720). Note: A JOHN CLARK0 and NICHOLAS CLARK0 (connection unknown), followers of Reverend THOMAS HOOKER0 (1586 – 1647), emigrated from Braintree, Essex and settled in Cambridge, Massachusetts about 1632.

Possible Uncles: Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) and SIMON STACY0 (1597 – 1644), may have been “uncles” of *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690). They married sisters who could have been *ANTHONY POTTER1’s “aunts.” JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) married his first wife, SUSANNA CLARKE (WHIPPLE)0 (ca. 1596 – before 1634), on August 28, 1621 at “St. Andrew by the Wardrobe Church” in London, England. SIMON STACY0 (1597 - 1644), a “clothier” of Bocking, Essex, England married ELIZABETH CLARKE (STACY)0 (1602 - 1669), the younger sister of SUSANNA CLARKE (WHIPPLE)0 (ca. 1596 – before 1634) at Theydon Mount, Essex, England in 1620 (marriage license dated November 6, 1620) probably in “St. Michael’s Church” (photo at left) in Theydon Mount. If *JOANNA CLARK POTTER0 was another child of STEPHEN CLARKE-1 (1566 – ca. 1610), either by his first wife, ELIZABETH (?) CLARKE-1 (1567 – 1606), CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 65

though unlikely, or by his second wife, ELIZABETH REYNOLDS CLARKE-1 (1570 – 1609), a possibility, that would make SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1594 – before 1634) and ELIZABETH CLARKE STACY0 (1602 – 1669), her sisters or step- sisters and therefore, *ANTHONY POTTER1’s aunts. If that was true, it would also make JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), husband of SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1594 – before 1634), and SIMON STACY0 (1597 - 1644), husband of ELIZABETH CLARKE STACY0 (1602 - 1669), his uncles. This fits the logical possibility that young *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) was raised as a young boy by his uncle, JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), in Ipswich, Massachusetts, but this Uncle relationship is supposition and must be verified. Since there is no certain mention of his parents, older relatives, or guardian in the new world, *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) was probably raised in the new world by Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) and his second wife, SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – 1662). Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0’s (1596 – 1669) first wife, SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1594 – before 1634), whom he married on August 28, 1621 at “St. Andrew by the Wardrobe Church” in London, England, probably died in England sometime before 1634 and definitely before he 16 emigrated to America in 1638. SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1594 – before 1634) may have been *ANTHONY POTTER1’s aunt. In any case, the author believes there is a strong possibility that *ANTHONY POTTER1 (1628 – 1690) is somehow related to one of JOHN WHIPPLE0’s wives. (Elder) JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) and his first two wives, (1) SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1594 – before 1634) and (2) SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – 1662) had eleven (11) children, ten of whom were born in Bocking, Essex, England including their daughter, ELIZABETH WHIPPLE1 (1627 – 1648), who was born there on November 1, 1627. ELIZABETH WHIPPLE1 (1627 – 1648) would marry *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) circa 1647 in Ipswich, 17 Massachusetts. Only SARAH WHIPPLE (GOODHUE)1 (1641 – 1681) was born in America (Ipswich, Massachusetts) on November 3, 1641. She was undoubtedly named for her mother, SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – 1662). Interestingly, per Genealogist BLAINE WHIPPLE10 (1930 – 2015), JOHN WHIPPLE0’s third wife, JENNET(T) (JANET) BROOKS DICKINSON WHIPPLE0 (1620 - 1687), whom he married after April 1662, may have been born in Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire County, England where *ANTHONY POTTER1 may have been born about 1628. However, another reference reports that JENNET(T) (JANET) BROOKS DICKINSON WHIPPLE0 (1620 - 1687) was baptized on December 3, 1620 in the “Huddersfield Parish Church of St. Peter’s,” Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England. She was the daughter of WILLIAM BROOKS-1. The author believes the latter is most likely true.

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Figure 4: Parishes of London, England.

If *ANTHONY POTTER1’s mother was *JOANNA CLARK POTTER0, he may have been born in Theydon Garnon, Epping, Essex, England where she may have been born, if she was the daughter of STEPHEN CLARKE-1. Because of his closeness to the WHIPPLE family, there's also a very good chance that *ANTHONY POTTER1 came from Bocking, Essex or a nearby town, or Stondon Massey, Essex or possibly other locations where the WHIPPLEs owned land. Although many settlers of Ipswich and Watertown came from the towns and villages surrounding Braintree in Essex County, England, none would hail from Braintree itself, a well-known Essex cloth town.18

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Stondon Massey, Essex: There was a "Whipple’s Farm" at Stondon Massey (Stondon), Essex that may have been owned or occupied originally by the WHIPPLE0 brothers, MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 (1588 – 1647) and JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), of Bocking, Essex.19 The Puritan Reverend NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652) was rector of Stondon Massey (later known as “St. Peter & St. Paul Church”) from 1626 or 1628 until he was compelled to immigrate to New England in 1634. In 1630 Stondon Massey was located just 16 miles northeast of London in southwest Essex County and was only 20 miles from Bocking. [Note: Today Stondon Massey is a suburb of London. It is just 4 miles north of Brentwood half way to Chipping Ongar up route A128. Brentwood is on the northeast side of London just outside motorway M25, the beltway around London. In August 1594, MATTHEW WHIPPLE-1 (ca. 1560 – 1619) was one of eleven witnesses in the court session at Brentwood where seven defendants were brought from Colchester prison to stand trial.] Interestingly, Stondon Massey was only eight (8) miles east of Theydon Garnon, Epping, Essex where STEPHEN CLARKE-1 (1566 – 1610) and his family lived, which may have included *JOANNA CLARK POTTER0, the possible mother of *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690). Also, this may explain how JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) met his first wife, SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1594 – before 1634), and why they married in nearby London, England. [Note: Today Theydon Garnon, Epping, Essex is a suburb of London. It is located on the northeast side of London on motorway M11 just north of the junction of motorways M11 and M25. M25 is the beltway around London.] On a direct line between London and Bocking, Stondon Massey appears to be a convenient rest stop and may have been chosen by the WHIPPLE0 brothers not only for farming but also as a place to rest on their many business trips to London. While attending church in Stondon Massey, the WHIPPLE0 brothers were undoubtedly inspired and influenced by the Puritan Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 - 1652) who not only was the rector of Stondon Massey, but later served as the first minister (1634 - 1638) in Ipswich, Massachusetts, where JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) and *ANTHONY 20 POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) came to live. WILLIAM WARNER-2 and HELEN (?) WARNER-2, the uncle and aunt of CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 68

WILLIAM WARNER-1 (1585 – 1648), wealthy “weaver” of Boxted, Essex, who made their home in Great Horkesley, Essex, near Boxted, also owned a house and land in Stondon (Stondon Massey). Likewise, JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 -1649), and his forefathers made many business trips between Groton and London. They traveled on horseback and their travel routes were often dictated by the location of friends and family who would provide hospitality on their many trips to London.

Figure 5a: Towns of the Stour River Valley, center of the Puritan Migration, at the boundary of Essex and Suffolk Counties of East Anglia. Groton, Ipswich, Nayland, Dedham, Harwich, Great Bromley, and Colchester all factored into our family’s history and our rich English heritage.

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Figure 5b: Map of Essex County, England showing the “Old Roman Road” from London to Colchester, Essex and to Ipswich, Suffolk; Brentwood was about twelve miles from London; Stondon Massey was four miles north of Brentwood; Chelmsford, known in Roman times as Caesaromagus, was the half-way point between London and Colchester, Essex.

(2) *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672): 8X Great Grandfather, Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 - 1672), the second father-in-law of *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1627/8 – 1690), came from Much Bromley (Bromley Magna), now Great Bromley, Essex, England21 as did the four preceding generations. Great Bromley was located just four (4) miles east of Colchester in northeast Essex County, England. This was just 56 miles northeast of London and 20 miles east of Braintree and Bocking. Much Bromley, now Great Bromley, Essex, England is only about nine or ten miles from Nayland, Suffolk where Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 - 1672) would make his home in England and only three miles distant from Boxted, Essex where his dear older brother SIMON STONE0 (1586 - 1665) would make his home in England. Boxted, Essex is located on the south side of the River Stour which separates it from Nayland, Suffolk. Uncle SIMON STONE0 (1586 - 1665) and 8X Great Grandfather, Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 - 1672) were the sons of 9X Great Grandfather *DAVID STONE-1 (1540 - living 1597) and his second wife, 9X Great Grandmother *URSULA (?) STONE-1 (1555 - ? ) of Great Bromley, Essex, England. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 70

Figure 6: “St. George the Martyr Church” sometimes called the “Cathedral of the Tendring Hundred,” in Great Bromley, Essex County, England. [East Anglian Gothic style built in the 14th & 15th centuries.]

Great Bromley, Essex and Nayland, Suffolk: 8X Great Grandfather Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 - 1672) was born on April 14, 1592 in Great Bromley, Essex, England and was baptized there in “St. George the Martyr’s Church” on April 19, 1592. At an early age and about 1617 he settled in Nayland, Suffolk (image below) on the River Stour (image below) where he married his first wife and where his seven children, only four by his first wife, were born between 1618 and 1632.

On July 20, 1617, Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 married his first wife, MARGARET GARRAD (STONE)0 (1597 - 1626) in Nayland, Suffolk, England. She was the daughter of THOMAS GARRAD-1 (1562 - ? ) and CHRISTIAN FRENDE GARRAD-1 ( ? – 1627) of Nayland, Suffolk, England who were married at Nayland on June 10, 1591. Judging by the name, the GARRADs were apparently of Norman descent. MARGARET GARRAD (STONE)0 (1597 - 1626) was baptized in Nayland on December 5, 1597. She died and was buried on August 4, 1626 in Nayland, leaving him four children: CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 71

Table 8: Children of Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) and his first wife, MARGARET GARRAD STONE0 (1597 – 1626) of Nayland, Suffolk, England. No. Name Baptized (Nayland, Suffolk, England) 1. JOHN STONE1 (1618 – 1683) – July 31, 1618 Elder. 2. DANIEL STONE1 (1620 – 1686/7) – August 15, 1620 Surgeon. 3. DAVID STONE1 (1622 – 1703/4) September 22, 1622 4. ELIZABETH STONE1 October 3, 1624 (ca. 1624 – 1626) Note: Uncle JOHN STONE1 (1618 – 1683) was baptized on July 31, 1618 in Nayland, Suffolk, England. In 1635, at about 17 years of age he immigrated with his father to Boston, Massachusetts. He married in 1639 but his wife’s maiden name is unknown. He spent most of his adult life in Sudbury, Massachusetts where he raised ten (10) children. Upon his step-mother’s death in 1674, he moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts where he became a member of the Massachusetts General Court and a “Ruling Elder” in the Cambridge church. He died in 1683 at 64 years of age.

Nayland, Suffolk: The first ELIZABETH STONE1 (1624 - 1626), fourth child of *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) and his first wife, MARGARET GARRAD STONE0 (1597 – 1626), died very young and was buried on August 6, 1626 per the Parish Register of the church in Nayland, Suffolk before her second birthday. Since her mother died just two days before her death in 1626, they may have succumbed to the same disease or epidemic. <<<

Great Bromley, Essex or Nayland, Suffolk: About 1627, at Great Bromley, Essex, England (or probably Nayland, Suffolk County, England), Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) married his second wife, *LYDIA (?) COOPER (STONE)0 (ca. 1595/97 - 1674), widow of JOHN COOPER0 ( ? - prior to 1627), who bore him three children whose births and baptisms were recorded at Nayland, Suffolk County, England.22 *LYDIA (?) COOPER (STONE)0 (ca. 1595/97 - 1674) was born ca. 1595 or 1597 in Nayland, Suffolk County, England (Bear Street, Nayland image at left). Her parents and maiden name are unknown.

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Deacon *GREGORY STONE0's children by his second wife were:

Table 9: Children of Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) and his second wife, *LYDIA (?) COOPER STONE0 (ca. 1595/97 – 1674). 23 No. Name Baptized (Nayland, Suffolk, England) 1. *ELIZABETH STONE (POTTER)1 March 6, 1628 (1628 – 1712) 2. SAMUEL STONE1 – Deacon. February 4, 1630 (1630 – 1715) 3. SARAH STONE (MERRIAM)1 February 8, 1632 (1632 – 1704) Notes: (1) The widow *LYDIA (?) COOPER STONE0 (ca. 1595/97 – 1674) had two previous children by her first husband, JOHN COOPER0 ( ? - prior to 1627): (1) JOHN COOPER JR1 (1618 – 1691); and (2) LYDIA COOPER FISKE1. ( ? – before 1659). (2) Uncle Deacon SAMUEL STONE1 (1630 – 1715) married twice: (1) SARAH STEARNES STONE1 (1635 – 1700), daughter of ISAAC STEARNES0 and MARY BARKER STEARNES0, on June 7, 1655 in Watertown, Massachusetts; and (2) ABIGAIL CARTER FOWLE WALKER STONE1 (1648 – 1718), daughter of Captain JOHN CARTER0, whom he married after 1700. (3) Aunt SARAH STONE MERRIAM1 (1632 – 1704), sister of *ELIZABETH STONE (POTTER)1 (1628 – 1712), married DAVID MERRIAM1 ( ? – 1677), the son of JOSEPH MERRIAM0, on July 12, 1653 in Concord, Massachusetts.

7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE (POTTER)1 (1628 - 1712) was probably named after her stepsister of the same name who died in 1626. She would 24 become 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1's second wife in 1652.

>>>[NOTE ON NAMING OF CHILDREN: Although the name ELIZABETH was made popular by QUEEN ELIZABETH I-2 (1533 - 1603), the Puritan families of Massachusetts were fond of biblical names. Ninety percent (90%) of all first names were taken from the Bible. In the Massachusetts Bay Colony during the 17th century, more than fifty percent (50%) of all girls were named Mary, Elizabeth, or Sarah. Per the Bible, Elizabeth was the faithful wife of Zecharias and mother of John the Baptist. For boys, the leading namesake was John, the most Christlike of the apostles. Samuel, the upright judge, was another favorite. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 73

The Puritans were thrifty with names, bestowing few and recycling names often. The Puritans of Massachusetts gave high priority to the descent of names from parents to children within the nuclear family. In Massachusetts, two-thirds of first-born sons and daughters were given the forenames of their parents. In many Puritan families the father, son, and grandson, or mother, daughter, and granddaughter, all had the same forename causing much confusion to genealogists attempting to accurately document their family’s history and vital records. Also, when a child died, its name was usually given to the next-born baby of the same sex.25 Unfortunately, superficial researchers have erroneously co-mingled much of the data which has propagated through many genealogical records.] <<< Prior to her marriage to Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) about 1627, Mrs. *LYDIA (?) COOPER (STONE)0 (ca. 1595/97 – 1674) had already two children by JOHN COOPER0 ( ? - prior to 1627), her first husband: (1) JOHN COOPER (JR)1 (1618 – 1691) was baptized on March 14, 1618 in England. He married ANNE (ANNA) SPARHAWK (COOPER) (CONVERSE)1 (1623 – ca. 1717), daughter of Deacon NATHANIEL SPARHAWK0 (1598 – 1647) and his first wife, MARY ANGIER SPARHAWK0 (1603 – 1643/44). In 1657 JOHN COOPER (JR)1 (1618 – 1691) built his new house on Linnaean Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts. JOHN COOPER (JR)1 (1618 – 1691) died August 22, 1691. <<<

Deacon NATHANIEL SPARHAWK0 (1598 – 1647) was born on February 16, 1598 in Dedham, Essex County, England. He was the son of SAMUEL SPARHAWK-1 (1565 – 1648) and JOAN THEDAM SPARHAWK-1 of Dedham, Essex County, England and was the grandson of LEWIS SPARHAWK-2 (1535 – 1559) of Dedham, Essex County, England. He married MARY ANGIER (SPARHAWK)0 (1603 – 1643/44), daughter of JOHN ANGIER-1, about 1619 or 1620 in England and had eight (8) children. He immigrated about 1636 to the Massachusetts Bay Colony and settled in Cambridge, Massachusetts about 1638 where he became a Freeman on May 23, 1639 and acquired 500 acres of land and owned five houses in 1642. He resided on the easterly side of Brighton Street between Mount Auburn Street and Harvard Square. He became a Deacon of the church and was Deputy to the General Court from 1642 to 1647. He died a very wealthy man on June 28, 1647 in Cambridge, Massachusetts at 49 years of age. By the time of his untimely death he had amassed over 1,000 acres of land in Cambridge and Brighton, Massachusetts. ANNE (ANNA) SPARHAWK COOPER CONVERSE1 (1623 – ca. 1717) was born June 1, 1623 in Dedham, Essex County, England. After her first husband died in 1691 she married Lieutenant JAMES CONVERSE1 of Woburn, Massachusetts. She died ca. 1717 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 74

(2) LYDIA COOPER (FISKE)1 (ca. 1624/26 – 1654) was born about 1624 or 1626 in England; in 1646 she married Lieutenant DAVID FISKE JR1 (1624 – 1710),26 a wheelwright and surveyor, in Cambridge, Massachusetts and had one son and two daughters. They lived on the north side of Linnaean Street near the Botanic Garden in Cambridge, Massachusetts. She died on November 29, 1654 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In 1660 Lieutenant DAVID FISKE JR1 (1624 – 1710) moved to Lexington, Massachusetts where he rose to Lieutenant in the Lexington train band (militia company). Lieutenant DAVID FISKE JR1 (1624 – 1710) was the son of DAVID FISKE SR0 and SARAH (?) FISKE0 of Westerly, Suffolk County, England. About 1635, several members of the armorial FISKE family emigrated from England to the Massachusetts Bay Colony including DAVID FISKE1 who settled in Cambridge Farms, now Lexington, Massachusetts. The homestead of the armorial FISKE family was the manor of Stadhaugh, comprising the manor house and over a hundred acres of land, in the parish of Laxfield in northern Suffolk County, England where they lived for three centuries beginning about the year 1400. The manor house of Stadbaugh was built in the time of King HENRY VIII-3 (1491 – 1547) and was originally surrounded by a moat.

*LYDIA (?) COOPER (STONE)0 (ca. 1595/97 – 1674), widow of Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672), died on June 24, 1674 in Cambridge, Massachusetts and was buried in the “Old Cambridge Cemetery” near Harvard Square probably next to her husband. No grave marker exists to show the location of her grave. <<<

The SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665) Family: 8X Great Grandfather Deacon *GREGORY STONE0's older brother, SIMON STONE0 (1586 - 1665), was also from 27 Great Bromley, Essex, England. Uncle SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665) was baptized in “St. George the Martyr’s Church” at Great Bromley on February 9, 1586. He married Aunt JOAN, JANE, JOANNE or JOANNA CLARK (STONE)0 (1596 – 1654), the daughter of Mr. WILLIAM CLARK-1 (1566 – ? ) of Great Bromley, Essex, on August 5, 1616 at “St. George the Martyr’s Church” in Great Bromley, Essex. About 1622, he moved his family from Great Bromley five miles distant to Boxted, Essex where he held 28 land. Some sources state that Puritan SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665) was excommunicated from “St. George the Martyr’s Church” in Great Bromley, which would explain the move to Boxted during these perilous times when non-conformists were persecuted and heretics were hanged or burned. He most assuredly was welcomed into the congregation of “St. Peter’s Church” in Boxted, a hotbed of Puritan dissension, where he came under the influence of the non-conforming Puritan Rector GEORGE PHILLIPS0 (1592 - 1644) who would inspire and lead many of his congregation to emigrate (to Watertown, Massachusetts) with him and Governor JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649) CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 75

in 1630 from Boxted, Essex to New England to seek religious freedom. Boxted, where Uncle SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665) was taxed for land in 1630, was located in northeast Essex County, England just south of the Stour River. Boxted was only six miles from “Groton Manor,” Suffolk, the home of Gov. JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 - 1649), and just four miles north of Colchester, Essex and Figure 7: The church of St. Peter in Boxted, Essex five miles northwest of Great County, England. Bromley, Essex. On the north bank of the Stour River was Nayland, Suffolk, England, the home of his brother, *Deacon GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) and his family, which was only three miles distant from Boxted, Essex and five miles from Groton, Suffolk. His brother, *Deacon GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672), was also acquainted in England with Puritan Governor JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649) of Groton, Suffolk; for, on July 23, 1630, about a month after arriving in New England, Governor JOHN WINTHROP0 wrote his son, JOHN WINTHROP JR1 (1606 - 1676), still in England, instructing him to “Demand of *STONE1 (*Deacon GREGORY STONE1 (1592 – 1672)) and BRAGG0 of Nayland (Suffolk) the sum of 15 Pounds. You have bond for it.” 29 It was from Boxted, Essex, England that Uncle SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665) aged 50, with his wife, Aunt JOANNE CLARK STONE0 (ca. 1596 – 1654) aged 38, and family immigrated to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in April, 1635. They would follow in the footsteps of their popular Boxted vicar, Master GEORGE PHILLIPS0 (1592 – 1644) (image at left), and her father, Mr. WILLIAM CLARKE-1 (1566 - ? ) of Great Bromley, Essex, who had emigrated five years earlier in 1630 at the beginning of “The Great Puritan Migration” and who had settled in Watertown, Massachusetts. In 1630, Master GEORGE PHILLIPS0 (1592 – 1644) had gathered the first church in Watertown, Massachusetts. Five years later, in 1635, Uncle SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665) would also settle with his family in Watertown, Massachusetts where he would most happily join Reverend GEORGE PHILLIPS0’s Watertown congregation and enjoy the reunion with his old Puritan pastor, friends, and neighbors from Boxted. <<< CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 76

Table 10: The English Ancestry of Aunt JOANNE (JOAN) CLARK STONE0 (ca. 1596 – 1654), wife of Uncle SIMON STONE0 (ca. 1586 – 1665) who were married August 5, 1616 in Great Bromley, Essex. Gen. Pedigree -3 Sir THOMAS CLARK-3 of Stevenage, England Born: unknown Married: unknown Died: unknown Wife: FRANCES HARBER CLARK-3 Children: WILLIAM CLARK-2 (ca. 1540 / ca. 1553 – ca. 1624)

-2 WILLIAM CLARK-2 (ca. 1540 / ca. 1553 – ca. 1624) Born: ca. 1540 or ca. 1553 Married: January 22, 1570 – Cambridge, England Died: ca. 1624 Wife: MARGARET WALKER CLARK-2 or SARAH (?) CLARK-2 (ca. 1545 - ? ) Children: WILLIAM CLARK-1 (1566 / ca. 1570 – 1632)

-1 WILLIAM CLARK-1 (1566 – ? ) Born: 1566 – Great Bromley, Essex, England. Married: (1) unknown. (2) unknown. (3) April 10, 1591 – Wix, Essex, England. Emigrated: 1630 from Great Bromley, Essex, England to Watertown, Massachusetts; “Freeman” of Watertown, Massachusetts in May, 1631. Died: unknown – Watertown, Massachusetts. Wife: (1) SARAH STRONG CLARK-1 (2) PARNELL COLE CLARK-1 (3) MARGARET HADLOCK CLARK-1 (ca. 1570 – 1632) of Wix, Essex, England. Children (Wife # 3): (1) JOANNE CLARK (STONE)0 (ca. 1596 – 1654) (2) MARGARET CLARK0 (3) ELIZABETH CLARK0 (4) WILLIAM CLARK0 (5) MILES CLARK0

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0 JOANNE CLARK (STONE)0 (ca. 1596 – 1654) Born: May 21, 1596 – Great Bromley, Essex, England. Married: August 5 or 15, 1616 – Great Bromley, Essex, England. Homes: (1) Boxted, Essex, England from ca. 1622 to April, 1635; (2) Watertown, Massachusetts. Emigrated: At age 38 in April, 1635 sailing from Harwich, Essex, England. Died: before 1654 at Watertown, Massachusetts (or) September 6, 1675 at Watertown, Massachusetts. Husband: SIMON STONE0 (ca. 1586 – 1665) of Great Bromley, Essex, England. Children: (1) FRANCES STONE (GREEN) (ORNE)1 (1619 - ? ) born in Great Bromley, Essex, England. (2) MARY STONE1 (1621 - ? ) died young. (3) ANNE STONE (JONES)1 (1624 - ? ) born in Boxted, Essex, England. (4) SIMON STONE JR1 (1631 - 1708) born in Boxted, Essex, England. (5) MARY (MARIE) STONE (STEARNS)1 (1632 – 1691) born in Boxted, Essex, England. (6) JOHN STONE1 (1635 - 1691) born March, 1635 in Boxted, Essex, England. (7) ELIZABETH STONE1 (1639 - ? ) born April 5, 1639, Watertown, Massachusetts; probably died young. Notes: (1) The surname CLARK was also spelled CLARKE or CLERKE. (2) A JOHN CLARK0 and NICHOLAS CLARK0 (connection unknown), followers of the Reverend THOMAS HOOKER0 (1586 - 1647), emigrated from Braintree, Essex and settled in Cambridge, Massachusetts about 1632. Uncle SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665) and his younger brother, 8X Great Grandfather Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672), pioneers of New England in 1635, were descended from a family of “yeoman” rank. They were yeoman farmers, tilling the land they leased from the lords of various manors. Their ancestors, bearing from about 1300 the surname STONE, were located for at least ten (10) generations in the adjacent rural parishes of Little Bentley, Ardleigh, and Great Bromley in Tendring Hundred, County Essex, England about fifty-five (55) miles northeast of London. Ardleigh and Much Bromley are adjoining parishes and their churches are only three miles apart. “St. George the Martyr Church,” sometimes proudly called the “Cathedral of the Tendring Hundred,” in Great Bromley had, in 1904, a "STONE" memorial stained glass window. The place of importance nearest these parishes is the borough of Colchester, founded in Roman times, which lies about four (4) miles to the southwest.30

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Figure 8: The SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665) and *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) Memorial Stained-Glass Windows (unveiled on April 29, 1904) in “St. George the Martyr’s Church” in Great Bromley, Essex, England (also images

below) . Three center panels represent (L to R): (1) St. Gregory the Great, (2) St. Mary the Virgin with infant Christ, and (3) St. Simon the Apostle. Below them are (L to R): (1) St. Gregory accosting the captive English children in the Market Place in Rome, (2) the Annunciation of the Virgin, and (3) the call of St. Simon by Christ. The small top panels are (L to R): (a) the seal of Massachusetts , (b) two center panels showing a sailing vessel, suggesting the emigration to America, and (c) the seal of Essex County, England. A dove at the very top represents the Holy Spirit. The inscription at the bottom reads: “Saecula praeterita in Saecula ventura” which translates: “The Generations pass into the coming Generations.”

Below the window is a metal plate inscribed: “To the Glory of God and to

the Memory of SIMON and *GREGORY STONE, Brothers, who were born in this Parish, baptized in this Church, and emigrated to Massachusetts in New England in 1635, this Window is erected by American Descendants.”

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The English Ancestry of brothers SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665) and *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) has been traced back as follows:

Table 11: The English Ancestry of SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665) and his younger brother, 8X Great Grandfather 31 *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672). Gen. Name Gen. Name -10 *WALTER atte (at the) -4 *SYMOND (SIMON) STONE-4 STONE-10 (ca. 1450 – ca. 1510) (ca. 1285 - living 1327) Born: ca. 1450, Ardleigh, Essex, Born: ca. 1285, Little England. Married: ca. 1479. Bentley, Essex, Home: owned property called England. “Walles” in Ardleigh, Married: unknown. Essex, England; his Died: after 1327 second son, WALTER Wife: unknown STONE-3 inherited Children (1): “Walles.” *(?) atte Stone-9 ( ? - ? ) Died: ca. 1510 in Great Bromley, Essex, England; his Last Will was dated May 12, 1506 and proved February 10, 1510. Wife: *ELIZABETH(?) STONE-4 Children (4): (1) *DAVID STONE-3 (ca. 1480 – 1542) (2) WALTER STONE-3 (ca. 1483 – after 1534) (3) MICHAEL (MYHYLL) STONE-3 (ca. 1486 - ? ) (4) WILLIAM STONE-3 (ca. 1488 – ca. 1533) -9 *(?) atte STONE-9 ( ? - ? ) -3 *DAVID STONE-3 (ca. 1480 - 1542) Born: unknown Born: ca. 1480, Great Bromley, Essex, Married: unknown England. Died: unknown Married: unknown. Died: 1542, Kirby-le-Soken (?), Essex, Wife: unknown England. Children (1): Wife: unknown. *(?) atte Stone-8 ( ? - ? ) Children (4): (1) JOHN STONE-2 (ca. 1505 – 1547) (2) *SIMON STONE-2 (ca. 1507 – 1557)

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(3) THOMAS STONE-2 (ca. 1510 - ? ) (4) MATTHEW STONE-2 (ca. 1515 - ? ) -8 *(?) atte STONE-8 -2 *SYMOND (SIMON) STONE-2 ( ? - ? ) (ca. 1507 - 1557) Born: unknown. Born: ca. 1507, Great Bromley, Essex, Married: unknown. England. Married: ca. 1533. Died: unknown. Died: 1557 in Great Bromley, Essex, Wife: unknown. England. Children (1): Wife: *AGNES (?) STONE-2. *WILLIAM atte STONE-7 Children (3): (ca. 1365 – ca. 1430/1 ) (1) JOHN STONE-1 (ca. 1535 – 1590) (2) *DAVID STONE-1 (1540 – after 1597) (3) RICHARD STONE-1 (ca. 1545 – after 1606) -7 *WILLIAM atte STONE-7 -1 *DAVID STONE-1 (ca. 1365 – ca. 1430/1) (1540 - living 1597) Born: ca. 1365, Ardleigh, Born: 1540, Great Bromley, Essex, Essex, England. England. Married: (1) July 10, 1566, Great

Bromley, Essex, England. [He was mentioned in the (2) August 23, 1585, Great 1416 court roll of Henry V.] Bromley, Essex, England. Married: unknown. Died: after 1597 in Great Bromley, Died: ca. 1430/1, Ardleigh, Essex, England. Essex, England. ------Wife: unknown. Wife: (1) ELIZABETH HEWITT Children (1): STONE-1 ( ? - ca. 1582) Children (7): *WALTER atte STONE-6 (1) DAVID STONE (1568 - ? ) (ca. 1390 – after 1431) 0 (2) MARGERY STONE (?)0 (1569/70 - ? ) (3) ELIZABETH STONE (?)0 (1571/2 - ? ) (4) JOHN STONE0 (1573 - ? ) – baptized December 6, 1573. (5) FRANCES STONE UPSHORE0 (1576 - ? ) (6) MATTHEW STONE0 (1578 - ? )

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(7) AGNES STONE (?)0 (1580/1 - ? ) ------Wife: (2) *URSULA (?) STONE-1 (1555 - ? ) Children (5): (1) SYMON (SIMON) STONE0 (ca. 1586 – 1665) (2) URSULA STONE CHURCH0 (1588 - ? ) (3) MARY STONE TAWLER0 (1590 - ? ) (4) Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) (5) ANN STONE BARTHOLOMEW0 ( ? - ? ) -6 *WALTER atte STONE-6 0 *GREGORY STONE0 (ca. 1390 - living 1431) (1592 - 1672), Deacon. Born: ca. 1390, Ardleigh, Born: April 14, 1592 in Great Essex, England. Bromley, Essex, England Baptized: April 19, 1592 in Great Married: unknown. Bromley, Essex, England. Died: After 1431, Ardleigh, Married: (1) July 20, 1617, Nayland, Essex, England. Suffolk, England. Wife: unknown. (2) 1627, Great Bromley, Children (1): Essex, England. (or *JOHN atte STONE-5 Nayland, Suffolk, Eng. (ca. 1420 – 1487) Emigrated: Probably in April, 1635 from Harwich, Essex to New England; lived in Watertown, MA. 1635 to 1637; lived in Cambridge, MA. 1637 to 1672. Died: November 30, 1672 in Cambridge Farms, MA. Buried: Old Auburn Cemetery, Cambridge, Massachusetts. ------Wife: (1) MARGARET GARRAD STONE0 (1597 – 1626) Children (4): (1) JOHN STONE1 (1618 – 1683) to Sudbury, Massachusetts. (2) Dr. DANIEL STONE1 (1620 – 1686/7)

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(3) DAVID STONE1 (1622 – 1703/4) (4) ELIZABETH STONE1 (ca. 1624 – 1626) – Nayland, Suffolk, England. ------Wife: (2) *LYDIA (?) COOPER STONE0 (ca. 1597 - 1674), widow of JOHN COOPER0. Children (3): (1) *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1628/9 – 1712) to Ipswich, Massachusetts. (2) Deacon SAMUEL STONE1 (1630/1 – 1715) (3) SARAH STONE MERRIAM1 (1632/3 – 1704) to Concord, MA. Children (2) by her first husband, JOHN COOPER0 ( ? – before 1627): (1) JOHN COOPER JR1 (1618 – 1691) (2) LYDIA COOPER (FISKE)0 ( ? - before 1659) -5 *JOHN atte STONE-5 1 *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (ca. 1420 - 1487) (1629 – 1712) Born: ca. 1420, Ardleigh, Born: 1628/9, Nayland, Suffolk, Essex, England. England. Married: unknown. Baptized: March 6, 1628/9 in Died: 1487, Ardleigh, Essex, Nayland, Suffolk, England. England. Married: ca. 1652 in Cambridge or Wife: unknown. Ipswich, Massachusetts. Children(4): Died: March 10, 1712 in Ipswich, (1) WALTER STONE-4 Massachusetts. (ca. 1445 – before 1500) Husband: *ANTHONY POTTER1 (2) *SYMOND (SIMON) (ca. 1628 – 1690) STONE-4 Children (7): (all born in Ipswich, (ca. 1450 – 1506) Massachusetts.) (3) JOHN STONE-4 (1) JOHN POTTER2 (“the Cooper”) (ca. 1455 – after 1515) (1652/3 – 1718) (4) GEORGE STONE-4 (2) EDMUND POTTER2 (ca. 1460 – ca. 1510) (1654/5 – 1702) (3) *SAMUEL POTTER2 (1657 – 1714) (4) ELIZABETH POTTER (KIMBALL)2 (ca. 1661 – 1723) CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 83

(5) LYDIA POTTER (PUTNAM)2 (ca. 1661 – 1745) (6) THOMAS POTTER2 (ca. 1664 – 1745) (7) Deacon ANTHONY POTTER2 (ca. 1667 – 1756) Note: Ardleigh and Much Bromley are adjoining parishes and their churches are only three miles apart.

Brothers Uncle SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665) and 8X Great Grandfather Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) were the sons of 9X Great Grandfather *DAVID STONE-1 (1540 – living 1597) who was descended from *SYMOND (SIMON) STONE-4 (1450 - 1506) of Much Bromley, now Great Bromley, Essex County, England, whose Last Will and Testament was made May 12, 1506.32 *WALTER atte STONE-10 (1285 - living 1327) of Little Bentley, Essex, England was “our earliest known ancestor.” Family naming conventions in England evolved over the years. *WALTER at-the-stone-10 became *WALTER atte STONE-10 and finally *WALTER STONE-10. The earliest mention of the name that has been found was in 1302 under the form of “atte STONE,” and this form of the name continued in use until about 1450, when the “atte” disappears. It is believed that a thirteenth century ancestor acquired the name, “atte STONE” from residing at or near some prominent “stone” landmark in the Little Bentley, Ardleigh Parish region of Tendring Hundred of Essex County, England. <<<

IX. ROBERT POTTER0, POSSIBLE FATHER OF *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) – SUGGESTED LINEAGES, CONFUSION, AND PUZZLE:

A. Background: ROBERT POTTER was a common name in England during the 16th and 17th centuries and a number of ROBERT POTTERs were living in England and/or immigrated to New England during the “Great Puritan Migration (1630 – 1640)” making it difficult for genealogists to differentiate among them. Unfortunately for us, the data collected and recorded at that time, and even today, on many of the living and/or immigrating ROBERT POTTERs has been incorrectly intermingled resulting in the puzzle and confusion we have today. The challenge today is to sort out this mixed up information. Nevertheless, over the years, several genealogists have reported that an immigrating ROBERT POTTER0 was the father of our *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) of Ipswich, Massachusetts, but which one? <<<

B. Reverend JEREMIAH POTTER Genealogy (1881): Reverend JEREMIAH POTTER in his “A Genealogy of the Potter Family Originating in Rhode Island” published in 1881 states that a ROBERT POTTER0 ( ? – late 1661) of Coventry,

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England, who immigrated to Massachusetts in 1630 (a questionable date), settled in Lynn, Massachusetts (a questionable destination) and subsequently moved to Portsmouth, R.I., Newport, R.I, (1638), and then Warwick, R.I. (1641), and who was arrested in 1643 for his rebellious religious dissent, was *ANTHONY POTTER1’s (ca, 1628 – 1690) father and that his mother’s name, the first wife of ROBERT POTTER0, was unknown. He states that the rebellious ROBERT POTTER0 died in Warwick, Rhode Island in the latter part of 1661 (actually he died in June, 1655). Thus, Reverend JEREMIAH POTTER believed that *ANTHONY POTTER1’s father was the ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655) who was the well- known “religious dissenter and agitator of New England” during the 1630’s and 1640’s, and who was exiled from Massachusetts to Rhode Island. However, this claim of parentage would be soon challenged and is now believed to be incorrect. Reverend JEREMIAH POTTER also believed that ICHABOD POTTER1 (1639 – 1676) was the brother of *ANTHONY POTTER1 (1628 – 1690) and that they were both the sons of ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655), the well-known “religious dissenter and agitator of New England,” but genealogy records show otherwise. Records show that ICHABOD POTTER1 (1639 – 1676) is the son of NATHANIEL POTTER0 (ca. 1615 – 1643), the younger brother of the dissenter ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655). This supports the suspicion about his parental claim about *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) that is probably incorrect as well. <<<

C. CHARLES EDWARD POTTER Genealogy (1888): CHARLES EDWARD POTTER in his “GENEALOGIES of the POTTER FAMILIES and THEIR DESCENDANTS IN AMERICA to the PRESENT GENERATION with HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES” published in 1888 disputes JEREMIAH POTTER’s claim that ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655), the infamous “religious dissenter and agitator of New England”, was *ANTHONY POTTER1’s father. He states that “There does not seem to be any records to make this certain. The name ANTHONY was a family name, and suggests that his mother may have been an ANTHONY, as the families of ANTHONY and POTTER were connected. ROBERT POTTER0’s sister or step-sister (SUSANNA POTTER ANTHONY0 (1618 or 1623 – 1675)) was the wife of JOHN ANTHONY0 (1607 – 1675), etc.” Furthermore, he states that this ROBERT POTTER0 ( ? – 1655) who settled in Warwick, Rhode Island, came from Coventry England in 1634 and that he came in the same ship with the Reverend NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652) which sailed from England in April, 1634. [Note: It is now believed that ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655), “the religious dissenter and agitator of New England,” was born in London, England, not Coventry. He did sail with the Reverend NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652) from Ipswich, England in April, 1634. It is doubtful that this ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655) came from Coventry, England. Researchers are beginning to believe that there may have been another CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 85

ROBERT POTTER0 that hailed from Coventry, England at that time.] Other than refuting JEREMIAH POTTER’s claim, CHARLES EDWARD POTTER does not make any claims or reference to *ANTHONY POTTER1’s parents and is unfortunately silent on this. The 1888 Genealogist CHARLES EDWARD POTTER states that “the POTTER family and name are doubtless of Norman origin. The origin of the family is lost in the twilight of mediaeval England, but those who are curious ... may trace in the coat-of-arms its common descent with the Earls of Leicester.” <<<

D. ROBERT POTTER0 (1607/08 – 1655) of London, England – “the infamous religious dissenter and agitator of New England”: ROBERT POTTER0 (1607/08 - 1655), the infamous “religious dissenter and agitator of New England,” was baptized on January 17, 1608 at “St. James, Clerkenwell” [This is questionable?] in central London, England. It is believed that his parents were GEORGE THOMAS POTTER-1 (1584 – 1618) and MARTHA (?) POTTER-1 (1584/85 - ? ) of London, Middlesex County, England. [Note: However, there were many GEORGE POTTERs living in England at that time and several in the London area alone. Many of the vital dates have been mingled making an accurate determination difficult. More research is needed to confirm this data.] However, all ten of his siblings were baptized at “St. Bride’s on Fleet Street” in London, England (image at left) between 1609 and 1623. Since ROBERT POTTER0 (1607/08 – 1655) and all his siblings were baptized in London, this contradicts the claim that this ROBERT POTTER0 (1607/08 – 1655) was born in Coventry, England as reported by some genealogists. However, he may have moved there before he immigrated to Massachusetts in 1634. Or, there may have been a different ROBERT POTTER0 who hailed from Coventry, England. Nevertheless, all evidence points to London where ROBERT POTTER0’s (1607/08 – 1655) parents and siblings lived. He emigrated in April, 1634 with at least two of his siblings, his younger brothers, GEORGE POTTER II0 (1618 – 1640) and NATHANIEL POTTER0 (1622 – 1643), his step-brother, who probably lived in London at that time, and with the Reverend NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652), the non- conforming Puritan rector of Stondon Massey, Essex which was very near London. The connection of this ROBERT POTTER0 (1607/08 – 1655) to Coventry has not yet been substantiated and is very doubtful.

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Table 12: The Pedigree of ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655) of London, England; Roxbury, Massachusetts; and Warwick, Rhode Island – “the infamous religious dissenter and agitator of New England.” Name Spouse ROBERT POTTER-2 (1555 - ? ) ISOBEL (?) POTTER-2 (ca. 1562 - ? ) Born: 1555 London, Middlesex, Eng. Born: ca. 1562 Married: ca. 1583 London, Middlesex, Married: ca. 1583 London, Middlesex, England England. Died: unknown Died: unknown GEORGE THOMAS POTTER-1 MARTHA (?) POTTER (POTTER)-1 (1584 – 1618) (1584/85 - ?) Born: 1584 London, Middlesex, Born: 1584/85 London, Middlesex, England England Married: 1607 London, Middlesex, Married: (1) 1607 London, Middlesex, England; first husband of England. MARTHA (?) POTTER (2) 1618 London, Middlesex, (POTTER)-1 (1584/85 - ? ) England. Died: 1618 – London, England. Husbands: (1) GEORGE THOMAS POTTER-1 (1584 – 1618) (2) JOHN POTTER-1 ( ? - ? ) Died: unknown Children: 9 (by first husband) 3 (by second husband) 12 Total ROBERT POTTER0 (1607/08 – 1655) (1) ISABEL TRIPP POTTER0 “the infamous religious dissenter” (ca. 1607 – 1643) Baptized: January 17, 1608 St. James, Born: ca. 1607 Skirbeck, Lincoln, Clerkenwell, (or) date England. unknown at St. Brides, Fleet Married: ca. 1630 London, Street, (?) London, Middlesex, England. Middlesex, England. Died: September, 1643 - Warwick, Married: (1) ca. 1630 - London, Rhode Island. Middlesex, England. Children: six (6) (2) 1644 - Warwick, Rhode (2) SARAH WILSON POTTER Island. (SANFORD)0 ( ? – 1686) Died: June 17, 1655 - Warwick, Rhode Born: unknown Island. Married: 1644 - Warwick, R. I. Died: 1686, probably in Boston, MA. Children: none.

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Note: ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655), “the infamous religious dissenter,” may have been baptized at “St. James, Clerkenwell,” in London, England; however, all other siblings were baptized at St. Brides, Fleet Street, in London, England. It seems strange that only ROBERT POTTER0 of this family was baptized at “St. James, Clerkenwell.” There may have been two different ROBERT POTTER0s born and baptized about this time, one at “St. James, Clerkenwell” and one at St. Brides, Fleet Street?? This needs further investigation.

The London family of the rebellious ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655), “religious dissenter and agitator of New England,” is summarized as follows:

Table 13: The Children of GEORGE THOMAS POTTER-1 (1584 – 1618) and MARTHA (?) POTTER (POTTER)-1 (1584/85 - ? ) of London, Middlesex County, England who married in 1606 or 1607 in London. Name Birth Death Marriage(s)

ROBERT POTTER0, Baptized: Buried: 1. Isabel Tripp (Potter) 0 “religious dissenter” January 17, 1608 June 17, 1655 - ca. 1630 (1608 – 1655) - St. James, Warwick, 2. Sarah Wilson (Potter) Clerkenwell , Rhode Island. (Sanford)0 in 1644. [immigrated to New (or) St. Brides, England in April, Fleet St., London, 1634] England.

ELIZABETH Baptized: April 15, 1683 William Baulston(e)0 POTTER Nov. 27, 1609 - (1601 - ? ) BAULSTON(E)0 St. Bride’s, Fleet the innkeeper, in 1628. (1609 – 1683) St., London, Eng.

MARYE POTTER0 Baptized: (?) (?) (1610 - ? ) June 17, 1610 St. Bride’s, Fleet St., London, Eng.

MARTHA POTTER Baptized: 1669 Thomas Hazard0 HAZARD0 October 18, 1611 Portsmouth, (1608 - ? ) (1611 – 1669) St. Bride’s, Fleet Rhode Island ca. 1633. St., London, Eng.

JOHN POTTER0 Baptized: 1620 Never married. (1613 – 1620) October 17, 1613 (died young) St. Bride’s, Fleet St., London, Eng. REBECKAH Baptized: (?) (?) POTTER0 (1615 - ? ) October 29, 1615 Portsmouth, St. Bride’s, Fleet Rhode Island St., London, Eng. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 88

WILLIAM POTTER0 Baptized: (?) (?) (1616 - ? ) March 2, 1616 Portsmouth, St. Bride’s, Fleet Rhode Island St., London, Eng.

GEORGE POTTER Baptized: September, Francis Coale0 II0 (1618 – 1640) Dec. 9, 1618 1640 in 1639. St. Bride’s, Fleet Portsmouth, [immigrated to New St., London, Eng. Rhode Island England in April, 1634] [“untimely, suspicious, and still unsolved death”]

The Children of JOHN POTTER-1 ( ? – ? ) and MARTHA (?) POTTER POTTER-1 (1584/85 - ? ) of London, Middlesex County, England who married in 1618 in London. Name Birth Death Marriage(s)

JOHN POTTER JR0 Baptized: 1647 (?) (1620 – 1647) December 26, 1620 - Portsmouth, St. Bride’s, Fleet St., Rhode Island London, England. NATHANIEL Baptized: 1643 Dorothy Allen POTTER0 October 7, 1622 - Portsmouth, Wilbore (Potter) (1622 – 1643) St. Bride’s, Fleet St., Rhode Island (Albro)0 [immigrated to New London, England. ca. 1639. England in April, 1634]

SUSANNA 1618 or 1675 (?) John Anthony0 POTTER Baptized: ca. 1623 Warwick, September 13, 1637 ANTHONY0 St. Bride’s, Fleet St., Rhode Island or ca. 1642 in (1618/1623 – 1675) London, England. New England . Notes: (1) The parents of GEORGE THOMAS POTTER-1 (1584 – 1618) were ROBERT POTTER-2 (1555 - ? ) and ISOBEL (?) POTTER-1 (ca. 1562 - ? ) who were married about 1583 in London, England. (2) The parish register of “St. James, Clerkenwell” in London, England included the following entries: + ROBERT, son of GEORGE POTTER, buried August 25, 1609; + A child stillborn to GEORGE POTTER, August 23, 1612; + ANN, wife of GEORGE POTTER, buried November 20, 1613; + GEORGE POTTER married ELIZABETH TAYLOR on February 3, 1613/4; + GEORGE POTTER, “a poore man, buried May 19, 1630.”

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[This may or may not have been GEORGE THOMAS POTTER-1 (1584 – 1618?). The author believes this is a different GEORGE POTTER-1 ( ? – 1630).] (3) At least three other GEORGE POTTERs-1 are found in London at this time. Two GEORGE POTTERs-1 are listed in the London Burials (v. 12) during this period: (a) GEORGE POTTER-1 ( ? – 1630) died about May 19, 1630 and was interred at “St. James, Clerkenwell” in London, England with the notation, “GEORGE POTTER, a poore man, buried May 19, 1630” in the parish register. The author believes this is a different GEORGE POTTER-1 ( ? – 1630). [London Burials (v. 12)] (b) Another GEORGE POTTER-1 ( ? - 1642) died in 1642 and was buried at “St. ’s” in the west of London. [London Burials (v. 12)] (c) The Last Will and Testament of a third GEORGE POTTER-1 ( ? - 1628) dated January 28, 1628, of the parish of “St. Brides in the Fleet,” states that he was a “citizen and sadler” of London and mentions his wife, MARTHA POTTER-1, and son, DANIEL POTTER0. [Note: There is no DANIEL POTTER0 in the descendants of GEORGE THOMAS POTTER-1 (1584 – 1618) shown above which was developed and accepted by most POTTER genealogists.] This Last Will also mentions a BENJAMIN POTTER-1, relationship unknown, as a witness. (4) MARTHA POTTER-1 (1584/85 - ? ) is only named as mother at the christening of WILLIAM POTTER0 (1616 - ? ) on March 2, 1616 and NATHANIEL POTTER0 (1622 – 1643) on October 7, 1622. All the other baptisms only mention a GEORGE POTTER-1. (5) ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655) may have been baptized at “St. James, Clerkenwell,” in London, England; however, all other siblings were baptized at St. Brides, Fleet Street, in London, England. It seems strange that only ROBERT POTTER0 of this family was baptized at “St. James, Clerkenwell.” There may have been two different ROBERT POTTER0s born and baptized about this time, one at “St. James, Clerkenwell” and one at St. Brides, Fleet Street?? This needs further investigation. (6) ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655) married twice: (1) His first wife was ISABEL TRIPP POTTER0 (ca. 1607 – 1643), and was not ISOBELLA ANTHONY POTTER0 (ca. 1607 or ca. 1612 - ? ) as incorrectly reported by many genealogists. (2) His second wife was SARAH WILSON POTTER (SANFORD)0 ( ? - 1686) who would subsequently marry JOHN SANFORD0, the Boston school master. Her Last Will was dated March 16, 1686, she died in Boston in 1686, and her Last Will was proved on May 4, 1686.

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Much has been written about the rebellious ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655), the infamous “religious dissenter and agitator of New England.” Circa 1630, he married his first wife, ISABEL TRIPP (POTTER)0 (ca. 1607 – 1643), probably in London, England. He emigrated from London, England in April, 1634 probably with his first wife, ISABEL TRIPP POTTER0 (ca. 1607 – 1643), definitely with his two younger brothers, GEORGE POTTER II0 (1618 – 1640) and NATHANIEL POTTER0 (1622 – 1643), probably other siblings, and definitely with the famous Reverend NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652), the non-conforming Puritan rector of Stondon Massey, Essex. In April, 1634 they embarked (ship unknown) at Ipswich, Suffolk County, England for New England where ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655) was made a “Freeman” of the Massachusetts Plantation on September 3, 1634. Although some historians claim he was first a farmer at Lynn, Massachusetts, I believe this was in reference to another ROBERT POTTER0 (1606 - ? ), son of ROBERT POTTER-1 (1570/1577 – 1630) and ELIZABETH MARSHALL POTTER-1 (ca. 1570/72 – 1628) who came from Newport- Pagnell, Buckinghamshire, England about the same time. Soon after arriving in New England in 1634, ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655) settled in Roxbury, Massachusetts and became a member of the “First Church” of which the Reverend THOMAS WELDE0 (1595 – 1661) was pastor and Reverend JOHN ELIOT0 (1604 – 1690), the teacher. In the late 1630s, ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655) became caught up in the religious turmoil that swept New England. Hundreds of colonists rebelled against the Puritan leadership of Massachusetts. Mrs. ANNE HUTCHINSON0 was at the heart of the controversy at that time by disturbing the minds of the conservative Puritans with her heretical doctrine of the “Inward Light,” a direct revelation of the Word to the individual soul. She said she could divine the voice of the Holy Ghost in her soul. It made the church and unnecessary. ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655) was one of her followers who openly accepted and proselytized her enlightened views on religion. In March 1638, ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655) was arrested in Roxbury (Boston), Massachusetts but later released on 20 pounds bail. In 1638, he followed the famous Mrs. ANNE HUTCHINSON0 to Rhode Island in pursuit of religious freedom. Thus, in 1638, ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655) departed Massachusetts with his family and settled with other like-minded religious exiles at Portsmouth, Rhode Island. About the same time we find ten year old *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) settling in Ipswich, Massachusetts. Soon thereafter, a number of ROBERT POTTER0’s brothers and sisters came to Portsmouth, Rhode Island from London to settle near him. He obviously was a very popular and respected sibling, and the recognized leader of his family. On April 30, 1639, the three brothers, ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655), GEORGE POTTER II0 (1618 – 1640), and NATHANIEL POTTER0 (1615 – 1643), signed a compact in what is now Portsmouth, Rhode Island. That same year (1639), brothers GEORGE POTTER II0 and NATHANIEL POTTER0 owned land adjoining CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 91

their oldest brother, ROBERT POTTER0 in Portsmouth, Rhode Island. On July 2, 1640, the three brothers ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655), GEORGE POTTER II0 (1618 – 1640), and NATHANIEL POTTER0 (1615 – 1643) were admitted as inhabitants of the island called Aqueeneck (Aquidneck), Rhode Island. About this time in Rhode Island, i.e. circa 1640, ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655) had become a follower and friend of SAMUEL GORTON0 (1593 – 1677), “the great religious disturber,” who believed he was the incarnation of the Holy Spirit, who believed that he communed intimately with God and could literally do no wrong, and who acknowledged no authority, no ceremonies, no clergy and no churches. Interestingly, SAMUEL GORTON0 (1593 – 1677) was a self-educated “London clothier” before emigrating. On January 12, 1642, they, together with ten other like-minded associates, purchased the tract of land from the Narragansett Indians (deeded from MYANTONOMY0 (MIANTONOMI), Chief Sachem of the Narragansett) called the “Shawomett Purchase” in Rhode Island which was later named by them as Warwick, in honor of the Earl of Warwick, who had so much befriended them in their troubles with the Plantation of Massachusetts. ROBERT POTTER0’s share was set off to him on Warwick Neck and other places nearby. In 1642, ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655) sold his house and land in Portsmouth, Rhode Island to his brother-in-law, JOHN ANTHONY0 (1607 – 1675), husband of SUSANNA POTTER ANTHONY0 (ca. 1623 – ? ), his youngest sister. By March 16, 1642, SAMUEL GORTON0 (1593 – 1677), ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655), and their like-minded associates were already in trouble with the leaders of the Colony of Rhode Island for their radical religious beliefs and agitation. They apparently aligned themselves with the sect of despised in the rejection of church ordinances and some other religious dissension. As a consequence, they were disfranchised of the privileges and prerogatives afforded them by the Colony of Rhode Island. In 1643, ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655) was in trouble again. He and the other Shawomett Purchasers were summoned on September 2, 1643 to appear at the General Court in Boston, Massachusetts to answer charges of “unjust and injurious dealings” with the Narragansett Indians over their acquisition of the “Shawomett Purchase.” In defiance, they declined to appear, saying that they were legal subjects of the King and not living within the legal boundaries of Massachusetts. In response to this defiance, in September, 1643, Massachusetts sent three commissioners, some clergy, and a company of forty soldiers under Captain COOK0 who attacked them at Warwick and forced them to retreat into a fortified log house. At the beginning of the attack, their frightened and defenseless women and children panicked and attempted to escape in a boat. Several women fell into the water. Although most escaped, two women later died from exposure in the woods where they hid. One of the women who sadly died was ISABEL TRIPP POTTER0 (ca. 1607 – 1643), the first wife of ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655). [Not knowing or stating CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 92

her name, the Reverend JEREMIAH POTTER, the 1881 Genealogist, reported that she (probably meaning ISABEL TRIPP POTTER0 (ca. 1607 – 1643)) was the mother of ROBERT POTTER0’s children.] After a siege of a few days, the men surrendered and were carried to Boston for trial. When the theocratic Puritan authorities at Boston found that the fanatic sect from Warwick incorrigible in their radical beliefs which were anathema to the Puritan mind, such as their belief in the equality of the sexes and that no man was qualified to pass judgment on the religion of any other, they considered the prisoners clearly dangerous. Because of these major theological concerns, the indictment of the Shawomett Purchasers was changed, the injured Indians falling into the background, and the Warwick prisoners being accused of “preaching a monstrous doctrine and blasphemous errors which they must repent of.” While in prison at Boston, Massachusetts in September or October, 1643, ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655) was visited by Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652) who had made the long voyage across the Atlantic Ocean with him and also befriended him. [Note: Interestingly, Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652) was the first pastor of the Congregational Church in Ipswich, Massachusetts from 1634 to 1638 where *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) came to live.] The compassionate Master NATHANIEL WARD0 could not the imprisoned ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655) to acknowledge his transgressions and to make a public confession. At the ensuing trial on October 17, 1643, all of the Shawomett Purchasers were found guilty of “Familism (an assertion that love, not faith, is the most important part of the Christian religion), … and heretical, blasphemous and wretchful writings … and contumacy,” put in irons and exhibited at Master JOHN COTTON0’s (1584 – 1652) “Thursday Lecture” in Boston. It was decided to split them up and confine them in several Massachusetts towns. ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655) was sentenced to be confined at Rowley, Massachusetts and was excommunicated from the First Church in Roxbury which he despised anyhow. They were warned that if they preached heresy in the future, they would be tried and, if found guilty, executed. After four months of confinement at Rowley, Massachusetts, in March 1644, the radical ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655) found himself once again banished from Massachusetts. He went to England where he secured restoration of his estate in Rhode Island. He returned to Warwick, Rhode Island where he seemed to change his ways. About 1644 or 1645, probably in Warwick, Rhode Island, he married his second wife, SARAH WILSON POTTER (SANFORD)0 ( ? – 1686). They had no known children. In 1648, ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655) was “Assistant” for the town of Warwick; in 1649 he was licensed to keep an inn in Warwick which he managed until his death in 1655; and in 1651 he was made “Commissioner” in Warwick. He was a member of the Rhode Island General Council from Warwick for the years 1648, 1651, 1652, and 1655. On May 25, 1655, he was appointed to keep a house of entertainment in Warwick. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 93

Thus, he ended his life a peaceable citizen, dying in Warwick, Rhode Island in June, 1655. He left an estate of 42 pounds and 10 shillings. His land was sold to pay his outstanding debts. He was buried on June 17, 1655 in Old Warwick, Rhode Island, a little north from where the road turns to Warwick Neck. The six known children of the rebellious ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655), “religious dissenter and agitator of New England,” all by his first wife, ISABEL TRIPP POTTER0 (ca. 1607 – 1643) is summarized as follows:

Table 14: The six children of the “Religious Dissenter” ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655) and his first wife, ISABEL TRIPP POTTER0 (ca. 1607 – 1643) of London, England; Roxbury, Massachusetts; and Warwick, Rhode Island who married ca. 1630 in England and immigrated in 1634. No. Name Birth Death Marriage

1 ROBERT POTTER JR1 May 28, 1639 (?) (?) (1639 - ? )

2 THOMAS POTTER1 (?) (?) (?) ( ? - ? ) 3 ELIZABETH POTTER ca. 1635/1636 1670 Richard Harcutt (HARCUTT or Roxbury, (Harcourt)1 HARCOURT)1 Massachusetts in 1651. (ca. 1635/36 – 1670) 4 DELIVERANCE Born: 1664 On August 2, 1655 POTTER (GREENE)1 February, 1637 (or) or 1658 at Warwick, (1637 – 1664 or 1687) - Roxbury, MA. Oct. 24, R. I. James Greene1 Baptized: 1687 (1626 – 1698), son May 3, 1637 - Portsmouth, of John Greene0, Roxbury, MA. Rhode Mayor and Deputy Island. Governor, and Joan Greene0. 5 ISABEL POTTER ca. 1638 August 26, Mr. Moss1 (MOSS)1 (ca. 1638 – 1724) Portsmouth, 1724 ca. 1659 Rhode Island

6 JOHN POTTER1, 1639 April 10, (1) Ruth Fisher1 (1639 – 1694) Portsmouth, 1694 (1637 – ca.1683), Clerk of the Rhode Island Rhode Island Warwick, daughter of General Court. [last of six Rhode Edward Fisher0 children] Island on June 2, 1664. (2) Sarah Wright Collins1 (widow) on January 7, 1684 by the Mayor John Greene0.

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Notes: (1) The radical ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655) bequeathed his unorthodox religious beliefs to his children. (2) Little information has been found about their sons, ROBERT POTTER JR1 (1639 - ? ) and THOMAS POTTER1 (? - ?). (3) Note that ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655), “the religious agitator,” and his wife, ISABEL TRIPP POTTER0 (ca. 1607 – 1643) did not have a son named ANTHONY POTTER1. (4) It was ISABEL POTTER (BURTON)2, daughter of JOHN POTTER1 (1639 – 1694) and RUTH FISHER POTTER1 (1637 – 1704?), who married WILLIAM BURTON2 about 1710, and not ISABEL POTTER (MOSS)1 (ca. 1639 – 1724). (5) Siblings ROBERT POTTER JR1, ISABEL POTTER MOSS1, and JOHN POTTER1 were all reported to have been born in 1639 which is unlikely. This needs further investigation.

Some genealogists have mistakenly reported that the first wife of the infamous ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655), the “religious dissenter and agitator of New England,” and Founder of Warwick, Rhode Island, was ISOBELLA ANTHONY (POTTER)0 (ca. 1607 or ca. 1612 - ? ). CHARLES EDWARD POTTER, the 1888 Genealogist, published only ROBERT POTTER0’s first wife’s first name, “ISABEL,” and no family name. The unfortunate similarities and coincidence in the names of ISABEL TRIPP (POTTER)0 (ca. 1607 – 1643) and ISOBELLA ANTHONY (POTTER)0 may have led to this confusion. In addition, CHARLES EDWARD POTTER reported at the same time that the name “ANTHONY” was a family name and that *ANTHONY POTTER1’s (ca. 1628 – 1690) mother may have been an “ANTHONY,” as the families of ANTHONY and POTTER were connected, which supported the idea that *ANTHONY POTTER1’s mother was ISOBELLA ANTHONY POTTER0. This may also have contributed to this incorrect assumption that ISOBELLA ANTHONY POTTER0 was this ROBERT POTTER0’s wife. It remains to be proved whether or not ISOBELLA ANTHONY POTTER0 (ca. 1607 / ca. 1612 - ? ) was, in fact, *ANTHONY POTTER0’s (ca, 1628 – 1690) mother. Certainly, the commonality of names fits. However, which ROBERT POTTER0, if any, was her husband, remains to be determined. Another factor contributing to the confusion about the ANTHONY family connection is the marriage of ROBERT POTTER0’s youngest sister or step-sister, SUSANNA POTTER (ANTHONY)0 (ca. 1623 - ? ) to JOHN ANTHONY0 (1607 – 1675) about 1642 in New England. The record also shows that the infamous “religious dissenter” ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655) sold his house and land in Portsmouth, Rhode Island to his brother-in-law, JOHN ANTHONY0, in 1642 about the time of the “Shawomett Purchase,” and about when he founded Warwick, Rhode Island, and moved

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there. Some genealogists have reported that ISOBELLA ANTHONY (POTTER)0 (ca. 1607 / ca. 1612 - ? ) was the sister of JOHN ANTHONY0 (1607 – 1675), but this must be validated. In the well-documented history of the infamous ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655), the “religious dissenter,” summarized above, we find no connection to a possible son named *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) or any connection to Ipswich, Massachusetts where *ANTHONY POTTER1 lived his whole life since his arrival there about 1637 when he was only eight or nine years old. ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655) was a magnet for his entire family. Why he would abandon his young nine or ten year old son in Ipswich, Massachusetts is strange and unusual, unless it had something to do with his banishment from Massachusetts about the same time. But logic says he would have taken all of his beloved family with him in exile to Rhode Island. The only apparent link between the infamous ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655) and *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) is the Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652) who emigrated with and befriended ROBERT POTTER0 in April, 1634 during the trans-Atlantic voyage and who was the first pastor of the Congregational Church at Ipswich, Massachusetts from 1634 to 1638. When young *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) arrived in Ipswich in 1637, he joined the same church where Pastor NATHANIEL WARD0 undoubtedly nurtured his spiritual growth. Whether or not Master NATHANIEL WARD0 had anything to do with *ANTHONY POTTER1’s coming to Ipswich, Massachusetts is unknown. In conclusion, it is fairly certain that this ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655), the infamous “religious dissenter and agitator of New England” and founder of Warwick, Rhode Island, was not the father of our *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690). <<<

E. THE POTTERS OF NEWPORT PAGNELL, BUCKINGHAMSHIRE, ENGLAND: The Parish Church of Newport Pagnell is shown at right. The POTTERs of Newport Pagnell undoubtedly attended this church. Genealogists have reported two branches of a POTTER family from Newport Pagnell, Buckinghamshire, England that *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) may have sprung from.

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Table 15: The POTTERs of Newport Pagnell, Buckinghamshire, England. NICHOLAS POTTER-4 (ca. 1460/70 – 1522) and AGNES (?) POTTER-4 ( ? - ? ) THOMAS POTTER-3 (ca. 1500/10 – 1553) and MARGARET (?) POTTER-3 (ca. 1500/08 – before 1553/58) Branch A Branch B (Note # 2)

THOMAS POTTER-2 ANTHONY POTTER-2 (ca. 1533/1551 – 1595/96) (ca. 1545/50 – 1615), baker, and and (1) MARTHA (?) POTTER-2 ISOBEL SUMNER POTTER-2 ( ? – 1589) (1543/44 - ? ) (2) *JOAN NIGHTINGALE POTTER-2 (ca. 1565 – 1627)

ROBERT POTTER-1 ANTHONY POTTER JR-1 (ca. 1566/77 - ca. 1631), weaver, and (ca. 1608 - ? ) and ELIZABETH MARSHALL POTTER-1 unknown wife. (ca. 1570/74 – 1628/36)

Two sons: *ANTHONY POTTER III1 (1) Dr. NICHOLAS POTTER0 (ca. 1628 – 1690) (1604 – 1677), immigrant; and (2) ROBERT POTTER JR0 (1606 – ? ), (1) ELIZABETH WHIPPLE POTTER1 immigrant, and (1627 - 1648) ISOBELLA ANTHONY POTTER0 (2) *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (ca. 1607/12 - ? ) (1629 - 1712)

*ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) and (1) ELIZABETH WHIPPLE POTTER1 (1627 - 1648) (2) *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 - 1712) Notes: (1) Obviously, the POTTER Family of Newport Pagnell, Buckinghamshire, England shows promise as to *ANTHONY POTTER1’s roots but further research is required in England since genealogists have reported conflicting branches of the family as *ANTHONY POTTER1’s (ca. 1628 – 1690) pedigree. Also, genealogists have reported other evidence and pedigrees indicating that both of these options may be incorrect. (2) Source: www.Gardner, Spalding, Blount, Vaughn, Baker, Carr, Home and related families from Scotland, England back to ancient times.

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BRANCH “A”: ROBERT POTTER JR0 (1606 – ? ) and ISABELLA ANTHONY POTTER0 (ca. 1607 - ? ): The brothers, Dr. NICHOLAS POTTER0 (1604 – 1677) and ROBERT POTTER JR0 (1606 – ? ), were the sons of ROBERT POTTER-1 (ca. 1566/77 – ca. 1631) and ELIZABETH MARSHALL POTTER-1 (ca. 1570/74 – 1628/36) who married in Newport Pagnell, England on November 4, 1591. They had eleven children including Dr. NICHOLAS POTTER0 (1604 – 1677) and ROBERT POTTER JR0 (1606 - ? ) between 1592 and 1619 who were all born in Newport Pagnell, England. ELIZABETH MARSHALL POTTER-1 (1573/74 – 1628) was born circa 1570/74 in Abbotts Ann, Hampshire, England and was the daughter of THOMAS MARSHALL-2 (1545 – 1617) and MARY MARSHALL-2 (1552 - ?). Dr. NICHOLAS POTTER0 (1604 – 1677) was baptized on April 1, 1604 in Newport Pagnell, Buckinghamshire, England. He immigrated to Massachusetts about 1634 and settled first in Lynn, Massachusetts. It is speculated that his younger brother, ROBERT POTTER JR0 (1606 - ? ) who was baptized in Newport-Pagnall on September 15, 1606, also immigrated, year unknown, and also settled in Lynn, MA. Dr. NICHOLAS POTTER0 (1604 – 1677) of Newport Pagnell, England married three times: (1) EME (EMMA) CARTER (KNIGHT?) (POTTER)0 (ca. 1608 – ca. 1636): On April 22, 1628 in Newport Pagnell, England, when he was 24 years old, Dr. NICHOLAS POTTER0 (1604 – 1677) married his first wife, EME (EMMA) CARTER (KNIGHT?) (POTTER)0 (ca. 1608 – ca. 1636). They had three children but none named ANTHONY POTTER1: (a) ROBERT POTTER1 (ca. 1629 – 1710) – (Captain); (b) SAMUEL POTTER1 (ca. 1632 – 1633); (c) ELIZABETH POTTER1 (ca. 1634 – 1687). Dr. NICHOLAS POTTER0 (1604 – 1677), his wife EME (EMMA) CARTER (KNIGHT?) (POTTER)0 (ca. 1608 – ca. 1636), and two of his oldest children, (Captain) ROBERT POTTER1 (ca. 1629 – 1710) and ELIZABETH POTTER1 (ca. 1634 – 1687), immigrated to New England in 1634 or 1635. His young son, SAMUEL POTTER1 (ca. 1632 – 1633), died in England before he immigrated. He initially acquired sixty acres of land in Lynn, Massachusetts where he was a “Freeman” in 1638. He was a mason (bricklayer) and was involved in an iron works there. (Captain) ROBERT POTTER1 (ca. 1629 – 1710) was their eldest child. He was a carpenter who married RUTH DRIVER (POTTER)1 (ca. 1637 – 1704), his second wife, on November 25, 1659 and lived on Mill Street in Lynn, Massachusetts. (Captain) ROBERT POTTER1 (1629 – 1709) became a “selectman” of Lynn, Massachusetts and was one of the seven who purchased from the Indians all the land which included the towns of Lynn and Reading, Massachusetts. He served as Captain ROBERT POTTER1 (1629 – 1709) in King Philip’s War (1675 – 1676).33 He died in Lynn, Massachusetts on March 20, 1710 at 80 years of age. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 98

(2) ALICE PLASSE WEEKS (WICKES) POTTER0 (ca. 1619 – 1658/59): After June, 1656 in Salem, Massachusetts, NICHOLAS POTTER0 (1604 – 1677) married his second wife, ALICE PLASSE WEEKS POTTER0 (ca. 1619 – 1658/59), daughter of WILLIAM PLASSE-1 ( ? – 1646) and PHEBE MANNING PLASSE-1 ( ? – 1642) and widow of THOMAS WEEKS0 (also spelled WICKES0) of Salem, Massachusetts. She was born about 1619 in St. Botolphs, Aldersgate, London, England. They had no children. ALICE PLASSE WEEKS POTTER0 (ca. 1619 – 1658/59) died in Salem, Massachusetts on January 26, 1658/59. In 1660, NICHOLAS POTTER0 (1604 – 1677) moved to Salem, Massachusetts where he purchased four acres on “Pigden’s Point” and worked as a mason. Sometime after 1660 he earned the title “Doctor.”

(3) MARY GEDNEY POTTER0 (1640 – ca. 1674): About 1658, NICHOLAS POTTER0 (1604 – 1677) married his third wife, MARY GEDNEY POTTER0 (1640 – ca. 1674), daughter of JOHN G. GEDNEY-1 ( ? - 1688) Esquire and MARY PRINCE GEDNEY-1 of Salem, Massachusetts, by whom he had twelve children, none named ANTHONY POTTER1, between 1661 and 1673. She was born on June 14, 1640 in Salem, Massachusetts. Dr. NICHOLAS POTTER0 (1604 – 1677) died in Salem, Massachusetts about August 18, 1677. His Last Will and Testament was proved on September 29, 1677 in Salem, Massachusetts. His sizeable estate indicates that Dr. NICHOLAS POTTER0 (1604 – 1677) was a wealthy man when he died in 1677. He owned the following: (1) House and land (60 acres) at Lynn, Massachusetts; (2) Dwelling house and grounds (half acre) including orchard in Salem, Massachusetts; (3) North Field land (5 acres) in Salem, Massachusetts; (4) Pigden’s Point land (4 acres) in Salem, Massachusetts; (5) House and grounds in Boston, Massachusetts; his Boston house was located in the back street of the North End near the dwelling house of the Reverend INCREASE MATHER0.

Dr. NICHOLAS POTTER0’s (1604 – 1677) younger brother, ROBERT POTTER JR0 (1606 - ? ) of Newport Pagnell, was baptized on September 15, 1606 in Newport Pagnell, Buckinghamshire, England. Some genealogists have reported that he married ISABELLA ANTHONY (POTTER)0 (ca. 1607 - ? ) of Hemel Hempstead, Middlesex, England about 1626 in England and that their son was *ANTHONY POTTER1 (1628 – 1690). However, this is all speculative and needs verification. Little is known about this ROBERT POTTER JR0 (1606 - ? ) of Newport- Pagnell, England. It is unclear whether or not ROBERT POTTER JR0 (1606 - ? ) of Newport Pagnell ever immigrated to New England. Some genealogists have reported that he immigrated in 1630 and settled in Lynn, Massachusetts. More than likely, if he immigrated, he immigrated with his older brother to New England in 1634 or 1635. If he CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 99

did, he probably settled in Lynn, Massachusetts close to his older brother, NICHOLAS POTTER0 (1604 – 1677). This would explain the many references to ROBERT POTTER0 in Lynn, Massachusetts in the early 1630s. Also, if ROBERT POTTER JR0 (1606 - ?) of Newport Pagnell had settled in Lynn, Massachusetts, why would his nine year old son, *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) settle in Ipswich, Massachusetts in 1637 and live his whole life there without any mention of his parents there. There is no mention of ROBERT POTTER JR0 (1606 - ? ), or ISABELLA ANTHONY POTTER0 (ca. 1607 - ? ) for that matter, in the history and records of Ipswich, Massachusetts. Thus, it is unlikely that this ROBERT POTTER JR0 (1606 - ? ) of Newport Pagnell, England was *ANTHONY POTTER1’s father. <<<

BRANCH “B”: ANTHONY POTTER0 (ca. 1608 - ? ) and Unknown Wife: Another unconfirmed source shows that *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) was the third ANTHONY POTTER in a line descending from THOMAS POTTER-2 (ca. 1505 – 1553) and MARGARET (?) POTTER-2 (ca. 1508 - ? ) of Newport Pagnell, Buckinghamshire, England.

Table 16: Pedigree showing ANTHONY POTTER0 (ca. 1608 - ? ) of Newport Pagnell, Buckinghamshire, England as the possible father of *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca.1628 – 1690) of Ipswich, Massachusetts. Gen. Name -3 NICHOLAS POTTER-3 (ca. 1460 – ca. 1522) Born: ca. 1640 Newport Pagnell, England. Married: unknown Died: ca. May, 1522 Newport Pagnell, England. Wife: AGNES (?) POTTER-3 Children (3): (1) MARGARET POTTER-2 (2) RICHARD POTTER-2 (ca. 1490 - ? ) (3) THOMAS POTTER-2 (ca. 1505 - 1553), born in Newport Pagnell, England. -2 THOMAS POTTER-2 (ca. 1505 – 1553) Born: ca. 1505 Newport Pagnell, England Married: unknown Died: 1553 Newport Pagnell, England Wife: MARGARET (?) POTTER-2 (ca. 1508 - ?), born in Newport Pagnell, England. Children (5): (1) NICHOLAS POTTER-1 (ca. 1528 - ? ) (2) THOMAS POTTER-1 (ca. 1535 - ? ) (3) ELIZABETH POTTER-1 (ca. 1537 - ? ) CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 100

(4) WILLIAM POTTER-1 (ca. 1543 - ? ) (5) ANTHONY POTTER-1 (ca. 1550 - 1615) , born in Newport Pagnell, England. -1 ANTHONY POTTER-1 (ca. 1550 – 1615) Born: ca. 1550 Newport Pagnell, England. Married: unknown. Died: 1615, buried on September 1, 1615 in Newport Pagnell, England. Wife: JOAN NIGHTINGALE POTTER-1 (ca. 1565 – 1627/28), died in Newport Pagnell, England; she was buried on April 2, 1628 in Newport Pagnell, England. Children (2): (1) GEORGE POTTER0 (ca. 1600 - ? ); (2) ANTHONY POTTER0 (ca. 1608 - ? ), born in Newport Pagnell, England. 0 ANTHONY POTTER0 (ca. 1608 - ? ) Born: ca. 1608 Newport Pagnell, England. Married: unknown Died: unknown Wife: unknown Children (1): *ANTHONY POTTER1 (1628 – 1690), born in England. 1 *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690), “The First American.” Born: ca. 1628 - England Married: (1) 1648 – Ipswich, Massachusetts. (2) 1652 – Ipswich, Massachusetts. Died: ca. March, 1690 – Ipswich, Massachusetts. Wives: (1) ELIZABETH WHIPPLE POTTER1 (1627 – 1648) – no issue. (2) *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 – 1712) – seven children (5 sons and 2 daughters). Note: This pedigree justifies further study. Source: www.Gardner, Spalding, Blount, Vaughn, Baker, Carr, Home and related families from Scotland, England back to ancient times.

F. ROBERT POTTER0 of Earls Colne, Essex, England: There was also a ROBERT POTTER0 in Earls Colne northeast of Braintree and Bocking in Essex, England at that time. He was the next door neighbor of RALPH JOSSELIN0, the vicar of Earls Colne, whose family emigrated to New England. Also, the famous Puritan Master THOMAS SHEPHERD0 (1605 – 1649) held the lectureship at Earles Colne, Essex, England in 1632 and 1633. Master THOMAS SHEPHERD0 (1605 – 1649) emigrated on August 10th, 1635 on the good ship “Defence” to Massachusetts, rd arriving there on October 3 , 1635. Possibly, this ROBERT POTTER0 of Earles Colne also emigrated with his son or sent his son about this time. <<< ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 101

X. MARRIAGE CLUES TO *ANTHONY POTTER1’S LINEAGE AND PLACE OF BIRTH: Additional clues come from the families that the immediate descendants of *ANTHONY POTTER1 married into: APPLETON, DANE, DRESSER, FELLOWS, HOWLETT, KIMBALL, LORD, PUTNAM, TUTTLE, WELLS, and WOOD to name a few. SAMUEL APPLETON0 (1586 – 1670) was a manorial lord in Little 34 Waldingfield, Suffolk ; JOHN DANE1 (1612 – 1684) came from Bishop Stortford or Little Berkhampstead, Hertfordshire; WILLIAM FELLOWS0 (1609 – 1676) came from St. Albans, Hertfordshire; THOMAS HOWLETT0 (1605 – 1677) came from South Elmham Parish, Suffolk; RICHARD KIMBALL0 (ca. 1595 – 1675) came from Rattlesden, Suffolk; ROBERT LORD0 (1603 – 1683) came from Sudbury, Suffolk; JOHN PUTNAM0 (1580 – 1662) was baptized in Wingrave, Buckinghamshire but emigrated from the county of Berkshire near London; JOHN TUTTLE0 (1596 – 1656) was born in Northamptonshire, emigrated from St. Albans, Hertfordshire with his family, arriving in Massachusetts Bay in June, 1635 onboard the barque “Planter;” and Deacon THOMAS WELLS0 (1605 – 1666) was born in Great Horkesley, Essex (3 miles north of Colchester), emigrated from Boxted, Essex, and sailed to New England in 1635 on the good ship “Susan and Ellen.”35 <<<

XI. EAST ANGLIAN ORIGINS:

A. STOUR RIVER VALLEY: During the first forty years in the settlement of Ipswich, Massachusetts, nine out of every ten colonists (at least twenty-eight) who bought or sold more than 100 acres of land in Ipswich came from Essex, Suffolk, or Hertfordshire counties of East Anglia. The remaining one out of ten originated from counties surrounding London. All came from areas where the commercial value of agricultural land was widely recognized.36 In England, the surname POTTER is most abundant in Derbyshire, Northamptonshire, and Essex counties.37 Most Watertown and Ipswich immigrants (probably including *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690)) came from towns and villages like Boxted, Braintree/Bocking, and Lavenham, or Dedham and Nayland, which were all located in north central Essex or the south central region of Suffolk, and in many cases were located along the “Stour River.” 38 Throughout the “Stour Valley,” villages were scattered every three to five miles. Groton, Suffolk was in a broad valley that was formed by the “River Stour” as it flowed eastward toward the North Sea. Boxford, Suffolk was the market town just down the hill from Groton. These immigrating Puritans generally came from a roughly triangular area in East Anglia that stretched from the mouth of the “River Stour” in the east, west to Haverhill in western Suffolk, and north to Bury St. Edmunds. A great

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number of them came from towns on or near the “Stour,” which divides Essex and Suffolk, or its tributaries. The center of these two East Anglian migrations was the wood- pasture region around Babergh hundred, Suffolk, which was south and east of the borough of Sudbury along the river,39 and adjoining Essex hundred of Hinckford.40 These were possibly the two most densely populated hundreds in the two-county area at that time. At that time most rural English families, unless called to war, traveled no more than twenty miles from their home villages. <<<

Figure 9: The River Stour near Dedham, Essex, England.

B. EAST ANGLIAN FARMERS: “East Anglia” was populated predominantly by small, family farmers who produced grain, raised livestock, and engaged in cloth making as a cottage industry. The central East Anglian, or Suffolk-Essex-Hertfordshire region, was one of the most important industrial (“cloth making”) and commercial agricultural (barley, wheat, and corn) areas in early seventeenth-century England. This was a gently rolling country checkered with dark wood lots and bright fields of barley, wheat, rye, hops, and peas with here and there a shallow pond stocked with fat carp. More important

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to the area's well-being were sheep and cattle production, the fleece supplying wool for the weavers in the north of Essex County, and the milk being turned into a "great and thick cheese” which was marketed in London and elsewhere. [JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649) asked his son to bring "a good store of dry Suffolk cheese" when he came to New England.] Fowl and fish caught along the coast and oysters produced in the inlets (particularly near Colchester) were sent by boat to feed Londoners. Colchester was a town of some prosperity with its castle, churches, dwellings and former religious houses somewhat uncomfortably straddling a circle of walls of Roman origin. The Stour River valley was near enough to London to profit by the rising metropolitan demand for foodstuffs. <<<

C. and THE PURITAN WEAVERS of the STOUR RIVER VALLEY: In the early 17th century, an extensive coastal trade plied the whole East coast of England with much of the local goods being sent to London. Fine cloth was produced in the small towns lining the “Stour River Valley” and was exported to Continental markets. The cloth trade was Britain’s staple export. Braintree, Bocking, Colchester, Dedham and several others were called the "clothing towns" of England on account of the fact that the woolen cloth weavers carried on their business there. Like many English industries, the cloth trade historically had its cyclic periods of recession and frequently caused hard times in England’s cloth trade towns and villages. As they experienced in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, toward the end of the eighteenth century hard times overtook Braintree and Bocking again. In 1804 appeared these lines:41

"We saw two large townships called Braintree and Bocking, Where the tale of distress was of late years most shocking."

Silk mills, however, were erected there some years later, and both towns then began to prosper. In the 19th century, Bocking was known for its important crape (crepe) factories and manufacture of rich and for furniture. A “” was a rich fabric with figures woven not printed.

In the fifteenth century, East Anglia in general, and south Suffolk County, England in particular, had “prospered from the cloth trade.” Lavenham, Suffolk was one

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of the centers of that industry. Dyers, weavers, fullers, and other craftsmen produced broad cloths for which the region was noted. The product of their labors was typically brought to London where it was sold under the auspices of the powerful “Fullers Company of London,” later known as the “Worshipful Company of Clothworkers,” in London’s Blackwell Hall and exported abroad. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, weaving was the backbone of the local economy, with dynasties of clothier-families dominating the towns' business. JOHN WINTHROP0's (1588 – 1649) grandfather, ADAM WINTHROP II-2 (1498 – 1562), and great grandfather, ADAM WINTHROP I-3 ( ?-?), were prosperous cloth merchants. His grandfather, ADAM WINTHROP II-2 (1498 – 1562), was a very wealthy London cloth merchant who purchased the manor at Groton, Suffolk in 1544 from King HENRY VIII (who had taken it from the Abbey of St. Edmund at Bury during the “dissolution of the monasteries”) to transform himself into a country gentleman.42 He split his time between Groton and London where he owned Figure 10: ADAM WINTHROP the ship, “Mary Flower” and three-quarter interest II (1498 – 1562), “Master of the -2 in the “John of London.” Worshipful Company of Clothworkers,” London, England. In 1551, ADAM WINTHROP II-2 (Courtesy: Massachusetts Historical (1498 – 1562), was elected “Master of the Society) Worshipful Company of Clothworkers,” the highest office in this powerful organization.43 He was the founder of the WINTHROP family fortune. He died on November 9, 1562. His eldest son, WILLIAM WINTHROP-1 (1529 – 1582), would follow in his footsteps and become wealthy and influential in the cloth trade in London until his fortunes changed for the worse in 1577. WILLIAM WINTHROP-1 (1529 – 1582) died a poor man in 1582. ADAM WINTHROP II-2 (1498 – 1562), who died on November 9, 1562, was memorialized in the chancel of Groton Church with a memorial brass plate. Part of it built in the thirteenth (13th) century, Groton Church is a small but fine stone structure near the site of the old manor house of Groton Manor which was destroyed by fire soon after it was sold by Governor JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649) in 1630 when he emigrated to America. Many decades later, a large and beautiful stained glass window was installed in the chancel of the church in memory of Governor JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649). In the churchyard and against the corner near the chancel and south aisle is the altar tomb over the grave of Sir ADAM “Baron” WINTHROP III-1 (1548 – 1623), the father of Governor JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649), and who was a prominent attorney in CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 105

London who died on March 29, 1623 at Groton Manor. Bocking, Essex, England was for centuries famous for its cloth and wool industry. The clothiers purchased the fleece wool from local farmers and at regional wool sales. Bocking clothiers would travel to wool sales as far away as Sudbury and the Stourbridge Wool Fair at Cambridge to get their wool. After purchase, the wool would be brought back to Bocking where it was sorted, washed, combed, and distributed to the spinners who were typically the farmworkers’ wives and children. The spun was collected from the spinners and delivered to the weavers who had their own looms in their houses, usually a large front room with wide windows, or an outbuilding specifically constructed for this purpose. The yarn was then woven into thick pieces of cloth called “Bays” about forty yards long. Then, the “Bays” were collected and sent to the local water mill for or thickening; after which a “” was raised on the cloth by a tool on which teasel heads were mounted. This “Nap” was shorn for evenness with a large pair of shears. The cloth was finally shrunk and graded. MATTHEW WHIPPLE SR-1 (ca. 1550 - 1619), the father of JOHN 44 WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), was a “wealthy clothier” of Bocking, Essex. As a clothier, MATTHEW WHIPPLE SR-1 (ca. 1550 – 1619) produced lighter worsteds and new out of wool and other . Gentleman JOHN HAWKINS-1 (1570 – 1619), whose daughters married into the MATTHEW WHIPPLE SR-1 (ca. 1550 – 1619) family of Bocking, Essex, was also a very “wealthy clothier” of Braintree/Bocking, Essex who about 1600 bought estates in Colchester, Essex and eventually settled at a manor in Alresford Hall, a small village six miles southeast of Colchester. SAMUEL GORTON0 (1593 – 1677), “the great religious disturber” of Massachusetts, mentioned earlier, was a self-educated London “clothier” before emigrating. <<< In 1534, King HENRY VIII-3 (1491 - 1647) had rejected Roman Catholicism and turned the kingdom Protestant, and the English Parliament declared him head of the new Church of England. He executed those who opposed him as heretics and traitors. In July, 1553, his daughter, Queen MARY TUDOR-2 (“BLOODY MARY”) (1516 - 1558), ascended to the throne of England and immediately took steps to restore Catholicism by persecution of Protestants (“the Marian persecutions”) including burning Protestants at the stake. After her death in 1558, Queen ELIZABETH I-2 (1533 - 1603) turned the kingdom Protestant once again and executed Catholics who plotted against her including her cousin, MARY

STUART-2 Queen of Scots (1542 - 1587). After Queen ELIZABETH I ’s (1533 - 1603) Fig. 11: King JAMES I -1 -2 (1566 - 1625) death in 1603 she was succeeded by King JAMES I-1 CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 106

(1566 - 1625), the Scottish MARY STUART-2’s son. King JAMES I-1 (1566 - 1625) was Protestant but moved the Church of England ever closer to Catholicism, inflaming the devout Puritans. Many of the leading families of East Anglia had strong Catholic sympathies, but this area of the “Stour River Valley” separating the two counties of Essex and Suffolk was a hotbed of and was more remarkable for its overall , which flourished wherever weaving was important. In fact, more Protestants from Colchester, Essex were burned in the Marian fires than from any other town except London. The wealthy dynasties of “weavers” in East Anglia and London used their financial power to handpick, place, and support the non-conforming clergymen in their churches, and sought to enhance the ministers’ reputations and thus their authority within their parishes. Thus, they were effective in establishing carefully chosen Puritan ministers in the pulpit, controlling ceremonies, and spreading Puritan ideology within the churches of their home towns and villages in East Anglia as well as some churches in London.

Table 17: Influential Puritan Weavers of London and East Anglia. Name Town or Village County ADAM WINTHROP-3 ( ? - ? ) Lavenham Suffolk - great grandfather of JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649). JOHN PONDER-3 ( ? - ? ) Lavenham Suffolk - step-father of ADAM WINTHROP-2 (1498 – 1562). ADAM WINTHROP-2 (1498 – 1562), London Greater - founder of the family fortune. and London - grandfather of JOHN WINTHROP0 Groton and (1588 – 1649). (1554 – 1562) Suffolk - “Master of the Worshipful Company of Clothworkers (1551)” WILLIAM WINTHROP-1 (1529 – 1582) London Greater - son of ADAM WINTHROP-2 (1498 – 1562). London MATTHEW WHIPPLE-1 (ca. 1560 – 1616) Bocking Essex - father of JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669).

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JOHN HAWKINS-1 (1570 – 1619), Gentleman. Braintree & Essex - father-in-law of brothers: Bocking (1) MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 (1588 – 1647) and (2) JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669). WILLIAM WARNER-1 (1585 – 1648) was a Boxted Essex wealthy weaver of “Merrylees Cottage” in Boxted, Essex, Massachusetts. He settled in Ipswich, Massachusetts and his family was known as “people of consideration.” *MICHAEL METCALF SR0 Heigham near Norfolk (1587/1591 – 1664), Norwich “The Dornix Weaver”- 9X Great Grandfather. - manufactured “Dornix” or “Dornick,” a kind of heavy damask of silk, wool, or silk and wool used for carpets, curtains, tapestries, and hangings; named for Doornick or Tournay, a city in Flanders, France where it was first made. SAMUEL GORTON0 (1593 – 1677), “the great London Greater religious disturber” of Massachusetts. London SIMON STACY0 (1597 – 1644) Bocking Essex -brother-in-law of JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669). NICHOLAS GOODHUE-1 (1575 - ? ) Tunbridge Kent - emigrated on the “James” 2nd voyage in 1635 (Tonbridge) with his wife, JANE (?) GOODHUE-1 (1577 - ? ). WILLIAM GOODHUE0 Tunbridge Kent (1612/13 – 1699/1700/1702), Deacon. - son of (Tonbridge) NICHOLAS GOODHUE-1 (1575 - ? ); - father of JOSEPH GOODHUE1 (1639 – 1697) who married SARAH WHIPPLE (GOODHUE)1 (1641 – 1681), daughter of Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669). -colleague of Reverend NATHANIEL ROGERS0 (1598 – 1655). JOHN HOOD SR-1 (1573 – 1622) Halstead Essex JOHN HOOD JR0 (1600 – after 1683) Halstead Essex - immigrated to Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1630.

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- Son of JOHN HOOD SR-1 (1573 – 1622). - Great Grandfather of NATHANIEL HOOD JR3 (1707 – 1755) of Topsfield, Massachusetts. JOHN TUTTLE0 (ca. 1596 – 1656), Mr. St. Albans Hertfordshire - wealthy mercer/draper and constable of St. Albans. - immigrated to Ipswich, Massachusetts on the “Planter” in 1635. - his granddaughter was JOHANA TUTTLE (BISHOP) (PICKARD) (POTTER) (WHIPPLE)2 (1664 – 1764), wife of Uncle EDMUND POTTER2 (1654/55 – 1702). THOMAS MOSES DICKINSON0 (1619 – 1662) Leeds West - son of HENRY DICKINSON-1 (ca. 1590 – Yorkshire 1636) and SARAH COOPER DICKINSON-1 (ca. 1598 – 1636) of Bradley Hall, Staffordshire, England. - wealthy “clothier” of Rowley and/or Wenham, Massachusetts. - husband of JENNET(T) (JANET) BROOK(S) DICKINSON (WHIPPLE)0 (1620 -1687), who rd became the 3 wife of Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) after her first husband’s death in April, 1662. Notes: (1) A “damask” is a rich silk fabric with figures woven not printed. (2) A “dornix” is a heavy damask of silk, wool, or silk and wool. (3) NATHANIEL SPARHAWK0 (1598 – 1647), son of SAMUEL SPARHAWK-1 (1565 – 1648) and father of ANNE (ANNA) SPARHAWK COOPER CONVERSE1 (1623 – ca. 1717), of Cambridge, Massachusetts was a real estate agent for THOMAS BOYLSTON0, a “clothworker” of London, who purchased land in Cambridge, Massachusetts for him.

During the last quarter of the sixteenth century, religious reformers achieved the greatest success they would have in the region along the “Stour River Valley,” making it as close an approximation to the ideal Puritan commonwealth than in any other part of England at any time. However, the passing of many of the non-conforming clerical giants at the end of the century, who had struggled so hard to advance reform, weakened the influence of the Puritans in the region. It remained to the younger non-conforming clergy such as Master DANIEL ROGERS0 (1573 – 1652), brother of Reverend EZEKIEL ROGERS0 (1590 – 1660), of Wethersfield, Essex, Master THOMAS HOOKER0 (1586 CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 109

– 1647) of Little Baddow, Essex, and Master JOHN WILSON0 (1588 – 1667) of Sudbury, Suffolk to pick up where their influential predecessors left off. Master JOHN WILSON0 (1588 – 1667) was the “Lecturer” at “All Saints Church” in Sudbury, Suffolk, a few miles west of Groton. He was a godly preacher whose sermons attracted men and women from throughout the “Stour River Valley” including (Governor) JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649). Puritans, "Unspotted Lambs of the Lord," from this region, disliking the Church of England almost as much as the Roman Catholics did, were among the first settlers to go to North America early in the seventeenth century. They introduced their “weaving skills” to the New World. From the date of its settlement, Ipswich, Massachusetts was the seat of "Pillow " making (“Ipswich Lace” image at right). The "Pillow Lace" marker at 5 High Street, Ipswich, Massachusetts reminds us of this once prominent Ipswich industry which peaked in the eighteenth century with six hundred lace-makers (bobbin or pillow lace) employed in the industry. This handicraft continued until the introduction of lace machinery almost two centuries after it began in Ipswich. The new settlement of Rowley, Massachusetts, rapidly developed the same sort of industry that had existed in Rowley, Yorkshire – the manufacture of coarse and textiles by a work force that consisted largely of children. By 1660, the inhabitants of Rowley, many of whom had been clothiers in England, were producing cloth and rugs of cotton wool and sheep’s wool. <<<

D. ESSEX COUNTY, ENGLAND: Inland “Essex County” was predominately oak woodland with numerous parks and forests well stocked with deer. This made it an attractive area for noble families and successful officials to have residences. Magnificent medieval churches were a feature throughout East Anglia, especially in Suffolk County. The coastal areas were low- lying marsh with a number of small islands cut off from the mainland at high tide. The tidal estuaries provided a series of havens for fishing boats, ships plying up and down the coast and larger vessels crossing to the Netherlands and the Baltic transporting the “fine cloths and cheese” produced in these counties for sale elsewhere. The extent and prosperity of this commerce was reflected in the size and number of East Anglian ports - particularly Ipswich in Suffolk County, blessed with commerce and buildings, with a population in 1610 of about 5,000 - and in the splendid run of recently completed Perpendicular Gothic style churches which punctuated the coastline.45 <<<

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XII. BACKGROUND TO “THE GREAT PURITAN MIGRATION” (1630 – 1640):

A. CONDITIONS IN ENGLAND:

1628: When *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) was born into the tumultuous year of 1628, CHARLES I0 (1600 - 1649) was in his fourth year as King of England (1625 - 1642). A fervent believer in his father's (JAMES I-1 (1566 - 1625)) theory of the "Divine Right of Kings", CHARLES I0's reign (1625 - 1642) was marked by continual quarrels with Parliament either over religion or money. He made it clear to Parliament that their calling, sitting, and dissolution were altogether within his power. In 1628 King CHARLES I0 (1600 - 1649) dissolved two Parliaments and found him unable to raise revenues needed for the conflicts with Spain and France. His efforts to free the Protestant Huguenots (“Calvinists”) of La Rochelle, France from Catholic tyranny ended in complete failure. JOHN WINTHROP JR1 (1606 - 1676), the future founder of Ipswich, Massachusetts, participated in the unsuccessful 1627 expedition46 as secretary to the captain of the ship-of-war "Due Repulse" (which carried the rear admiral’s flag) for the relief of the protestant “Huguenots” at Rochelle.47 CARDINAL RICHELIEU0 (1585 - 1642), the real head of the French government, had taken La Rochelle, and the French Huguenots, who had risen in rebellion against a Catholic king, were in desperate straits. King CHARLES I0 (1600 - 1649) could hardly get money enough to help him to live and govern England, and none to defend the honor of England abroad. He had already resorted to requesting free gifts and, when they proved unproductive, he imposed forced loans on the nobility and gentry who faced imprisonment if they refused to pay. No one was safe from the ruin of his fortune or the loss of his freedom. Those below the rank of gentleman were the unwilling hosts of a horde of ruffians - the unpaid and frequently criminal soldiery returned from unsuccessful foreign ventures - and billeted upon them by the government. Martial law was used to control the

Figure 12: army in England and sometimes to punish civilians who fell foul of the officers. The people simply wished the soldiers to King CHARLES I0 (1600 – 1649) move on. Affairs in England were approaching a crisis, due to the incompetence of the government of King CHARLES I0 (1600 – 1649), with its disgraceful military failures abroad, and its illegal financial exactions at home. In 1628, the country also seethed with religious discontent. Dissatisfaction with the Church of England, especially among Londoners and people in the eastern and southern counties, increased during King CHARLES I's reign (1625 - 1642) when those Anglicans known as “Arminians,” who emphasized free will and an elaborate , came CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 111

to dominate the church to the great distress of the Puritans. The Anglican Church, as established by Queen ELIZABETH I-2 (1533 - 1603) during her reign (1558 - 1603), had espoused a moderate Calvinist theology which the Puritans could interpret as consonant with their own; but during the reign of King JAMES I-1 (1603 - 1625) many of the church's leaders had fallen into the heresy known to Puritans as “Arminianism,” a belief that men by their works and own will power could achieve faith and thus win salvation. The Puritans had already become alarmed by the growth of this heresy and by the zeal of its advocates, when CHARLES I0 (1600 - 1649) ascended the throne in 1625 and made plain his own fondness for it. The “Arminians,” and especially WILLIAM LAUD0 (1573 - 1645), whom King CHARLES I0 (1600 - 1649) made Bishop of London in 1628, and in 1633, returned the favor by using their pulpits to preach the authority of kings and to support the forced loan. Bishop WILLIAM LAUD0’s “Arminianism” – a term coined from the name of JACOBUS ARMINUS, a sixteenth-century Dutch divine who believed that a man’s earthly efforts could condition God’s mind about his fate – distressed those fervent believers of predestination, the Puritans. An anti-Calvinistic theology, “Arminianism” opposed the Calvinistic doctrines of election, reprobation, and absolute predestination, asserting that the human will can forfeit divine grace after receiving it and denied that predestination is absolute. Worse still, Bishop WILLIAM LAUD0 (1573 - 1645) believed that the “Church of England” in concept, doctrine and organization was perfect and needed only to be purged of its heretical – that is, Puritanical – or inadequate clergy. He was convinced that the English Church perpetuated the true Catholic faith and that once Rome had been purified, the old union would return. He sought, in a sense, to do for Catholicism what Puritans wished to do for – reform without separating. King CHARLES I0 (1600 - 1649) was a firm Protestant and highly devoted to the Church of England. He wanted to give his bishops more power. CHARLES I's , coupled with affection for his devout Catholic wife, the French princess HENRIETTA MARIA0, sister of King LOUIS XIII of France, led to tightening of restrictions against Puritans and an easing of them toward Catholics. The laws against Catholics were largely suspended to please the Queen. The Puritans were concerned that the English Church was getting too much like the Catholic Church: the bishops were too powerful, the services too splendid, and even the teaching was growing Catholic again. The Puritans began to cry out, first for a limit to the power of the bishops, then for their abolition, and finally for the abolition of the Prayer Book. The Puritan minority within the Church of England felt more and more threatened, particularly in East Anglia “where much of the wealth derived from the “cloth trade” belonged to these Puritans.” Laws had been passed making the "English Book of Common Prayer" (1549) the only lawful religious service book. Year by year stronger and stronger laws were passed against those who refused to conform to it, whether Catholics or Puritans. Many were

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imprisoned and harassed over the years for non-conformity. Because of this non- conformity, Puritans became known as "Dissenters" or "Nonconformists". However, in the early seventeenth century, there was little apparent persecution in East Anglia; that is, Puritanism had become for many a routine way of life until Bishop WILLIAM LAUD0 (1573 - 1645) began his persecution in 1629. By the summer of 1629 events would convince many Puritans that if they were to worship as they wished, they must emigrate to America. Although they were "Nonconformists", the Puritans were not "Separatists", that is, those who had renounced the Church of England altogether such as the Pilgrims who settled at Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620. If the King and his bishops heard that the Puritans in Massachusetts disavowed the Church of England, they might revoke the charter and put an end to the colony. A large number of separatists would come to New England during the Great Migration and threaten to disrupt the colony. The early history of Massachusetts is very largely the history of JOHN WINTHROP0's (1588 – 1649) efforts to deal with the various dangers presented by separatism. Fortunately, in the mass migration of the 1630's, the leaders and probably the majority of the immigrants were Congregationalists who had declined to repudiate the English churches. Economic unrest also marked the times. The “Thirty Years (1618 - 1648)” in Europe deprived England of continental markets for her wool cloth, and the ensuing depression in textiles affected the whole country. The “Depression of 1620 to 1624” resulted in high unemployment. The number of roving bands of unemployed mounted; towns complained of the burden of their poor. The time had come when King CHARLES I0 (1600 - 1649) must face a united opposition of the soundest men in the country - of those who feared alike for their property, their liberty, and their religion. With reluctance and only because his desperate financial situation left him no choice, King CHARLES I0 (1600 - 1649) was forced to approve the "Petition of Right" (1628) agreeing to govern according to the laws of the realm and not by arbitrary rule, i.e. arbitrary taxation and arbitrary arrests without trial, in exchange for promises by parliament to grant generous subsidies. However, it would not be long before CHARLES I0 would violate the provisions of the "Petition of Right" and dissolve Parliament.

1629: “On March 10, 1629, King CHARLES I0 (1600 - 1649) dissolved Parliament” in response to their demands to end unparliamentary taxation and to suppress “Arminianism” in the church, and made it plain that he did not intend to call another. Then for eleven years (1629 - 1640), a period of “Personal Rule,” he called no Parliament at all leaving him and his favorite bishop, WILLIAM LAUD0 (1573 - 1645), free to crush political and religious dissent including harassing Puritans without restraint. To all Englishmen, whose tempers were now boiling over, it seemed intolerable. Discontent prepared men's minds for adventures they might never have contemplated in quieter times. Political discontent, in particular, put some Englishmen in the mood to emigrate. It was this pressure that

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especially drove JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649) and many other Puritans to the New World, to Massachusetts. These Puritans were disgusted with what they regarded as corruption in the “Church of England” and the tyranny of the crown. Seeking simple worship and personal intimacy with God, Puritan ministers were compelled, upon pain of imprisonment, to wear the surplice and use the “Book of Common Prayer,” and their congregants were compelled to participate in what they regarded as rote worship. In 1629, the Puritans thought for the first time in realistic terms of establishing a colony in the New World as a possible refuge. Most emigrating East Anglian Puritans were mobilized for migration from one of five different types of social groups - household, neighborhood, church, family, or socioeconomic. Religious harassment and economic uncertainty in East Anglia might have been sufficient reasons to emigrate, but the final resolution for potential emigrants came from the knowledge that they would be joined by like-minded relatives and friends. In East Anglia, the bonds of friendship and ties of blood and marriage were a powerful inducement to the irresolute and the timid. <<

B. PATHFINDERS FOR EMIGRATION: The previous year, in early 1628, a group of Puritan merchants organized as the “New England Company” (a year later it would be changed to the “Massachusetts Bay Company”) miraculously secured a patent from the “Council for New England” for land between the Merrimac and Charles Rivers to be a place of refuge for Puritans. A small group of forty settlers under the leadership of Captain JOHN ENDECOTT0 (1588 – 1665) (image at right), a veteran of the Dutch wars and a good Puritan, departed England in June, 1628 for the Naumkeag Plantation (Salem, Massachusetts) with orders to prepare the way for a larger body to be sent in the succeeding year. They arrived on September 6th, 1628 and spent a cold hard winter preparing the way for the over four hundred settlers who would come the following year.

Interestingly, Mr. JOHN ENDECOTT0 (1588 – 1665) was born about 1588 in Chagford, Devonshire, England where our branch of the Hore/Hoar/Horr family has its roots. His house on High Street is shown at left. >>>[See “Appendix “B”: Hore-Hoar-Horr Pedigree.”] <<<

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C. EMIGRATING CLERGYMEN: The church congregation as a group often was the source of the inclination to emigrate from East Anglia and this is likely the main reason that led JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) to join the migration. In many cases people from surrounding towns were “inspired by a charismatic minister” from the area and joined his congregation in services and conventicles (secret gatherings). The future minister of Watertown, Massachusetts - Master GEORGE PHILLIPS0 (1592 – 1644) of Boxted, Essex ( ? - 1630) and the future minister of Ipswich, Massachusetts - Master 48 NATHANIEL ROGERS0 (1598 – 1655) of Assington, Suffolk (1631 - 1636), who previously (ca. 1626 - 1631) had charge of a congregation (“St. Mary the Virgin”) at Bocking, Essex, both had a reputation for drawing sympathetic individuals from the surrounding countryside into religious worship.49 The followers of any one of these non- conforming ministers were attracted not only from the minister’s immediate parish but from miles around. Their influence would often extend out from their church community for a radius of forty miles and sometimes farther. The clergy were all learned men, skilled in marshaling arguments, and enjoyed therefore a social and intellectual prestige that enabled them to exert a powerful influence among their people. So many East Anglians were sufficiently influenced by the preaching of local puritan ministers in these towns and boroughs to follow them when conditions worsened during the early 1630s. Essex County produced the second highest number of emigrants from England with just several Puritan ministers influencing the 244 residents who migrated to America between 1620 and 1650. The colonization of New England was by large parties of families, relatives, and friends who had been acquainted and associated in Figure 13: Bust of the Reverend “ROARING England, emigrated together under the JOHN” ROGERS-1 (1572 – 1636), Lecturer of leadership of their respective non- Dedham, Essex, England – Parish Church of “St. conforming ministers, and settled Mary the Virgin,” High Street, Dedham. together in New England.

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Born in Haverhill, County Suffolk, England in 1598, Master NATHANIEL ROGERS0 (1598 - 1655) was the second son of the “most noted Puritan in England” - the famous preacher Master JOHN ROGERS-1 (1572 – 1636) known as Reverend “ROARING JOHN” ROGERS-1 of Dedham, Essex for his fiery preaching style, and his second wife, ELIZABETH GOLD HAWES (ROGERS)-1, widow of JOHN HAWES-1. Master Roaring JOHN ROGERS-1 was the Lecturer not Vicar of Dedham. Because of his non-conformity, his lectures were suppressed at Dedham from 1629 until 1631. Although he was persecuted for his outspoken Puritanical views and non-conformity, he never immigrated to America and would live out his remaining years in Dedham, Essex, England. The Reverend “ROARING JOHN” ROGERS-1 died on October 18, 1636 in Dedham, Essex, England.

[Note: Reverend “ROARING JOHN” ROGERS-1 (1572 – 1636) was not a descendant of the Reverend JOHN ROGERS (ca. 1500 – 1555), the famous “Protestant Martyr,” who was the compiler of the “First Authorized English Bible,” pioneer of the , and its first martyr burned at the stake at Smithfield, London on February 4, 1555 in the Reign of Queen MARY TUDOR (“BLOODY MARY”), an ardent Roman Catholic. Reverend “ROARING JOHN” ROGERS-1 was the son of JOHN ROGERS-2 (1548 – 1601), a shoemaker of Moulsham, Essex, England.]

Master NATHANIEL ROGERS0 (1598 – 1655) was educated at a Dedham, Essex grammar school and Emmanuel College, Cambridge, which he entered at fourteen years of age, and received an A.B. (B.A.) in 1617 and an A.M. (M.A.) in 1621. For two years he was a domestic chaplain to some person of rank and then became curate to Dr. JOHN BARKHAM -1 at Bocking, Essex about 1626. There Master NATHANIEL ROGERS0, whose chief friends were Master THOMAS HOOKER0 (1586 - 1647), then “Lecturer” at St. Mary’s church in nearby Chelmsford, and other famous Essex puritans, adopted decidedly puritan views. Having served at Bocking four or five years from about 1626 to 1631, he was called to Assington in Suffolk where he preached puritan dogma five more years from 1631 to 1636. Here his labors were abundantly successful. [Author's Note: JOHN WHIPPLE0's family and possibly *ANTHONY POTTER1's family were members of this congregation at the church of “St. Mary the Virgin,” Bocking.] In 1626, Master NATHANIEL ROGERS0's married MARGARET CRANE (ROGERS)0 (1600 – 1656/76), daughter of Sir ROBERT CRANE-1 (1574 – 1658) and 50 MARY SPARHAWK CRANE-1 (1580 – 1658) of Coggeshall, Essex County, England. They had six children. His eldest son, JOHN ROGERS1 (1630 - 1684), was born at Coggeshall, Essex in 1630 and became President of Harvard College in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Coggeshall was located just six miles east of Bocking, almost halfway CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 116

between Braintree and Colchester. MARY SPARHAWK CRANE-1 (1580 – 1658) was born on February 1, 1580 in Dedham, Essex County, England. She married Sir ROBERT CRANE-1 (1574 – 1658) in 1599 in Dedham, Essex County, England and lived in Coggeshall, Essex County, England. She died in 1658 in Essex County, England. Since he could not dutifully subscribe to the “Articles of Visitation”, and being a “Nonconformist,” as was his famous father before him, foreseeing that a storm of persecution was about to overtake him, Master NATHANIEL ROGERS0 (1598 – 1655) resigned his place at Assington, Suffolk where he had served since 1631 to avoid the censure of Bishop WILLIAM LAUD0's ecclesiastical court, and departed with his wife and family for New England on June 1st, 1636. They sailed from Gravesend, England, probably on the ship “Rebecca.” They arrived in New England on November 17, 1636 and 51 were settled at Ipswich, Massachusetts in 1636. Master NATHANIEL ROGERS0 (1598 – 1655) became pastor of Ipswich church on February 20, 1638, when he succeeded Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652) as co-pastor with Master JOHN NORTON0 (1606 – 1663), and served as pastor from 1638 to 1655. He died in Ipswich, Massachusetts on July 3, 1655 at 57 years of age.52 It was reported that he “possessed a slender constitution and feeble health” for most of his life. His grandson, Master JOHN ROGERS2, third, would later be minister at Ipswich. Between grandfather and grandson, they held the pastorate of the Ipswich Church for seventy years.53 SIMON STONE0 (1586 - 1665) of Great Bromley, Essex had moved to Boxted, Essex about 1622 where he became closely acquainted with its popular Puritan vicar, Master GEORGE PHILLIPS0 (1592 – 1644), and probably became acquainted with the most famous of the leaders of the Puritan emigration movement, JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649), in nearby Groton, Suffolk. SIMON STONE0 (1586 - 1665) of Great Bromley, Essex, held enough land five (5) miles distant in Boxted, Essex, to be assessed in the “lay subsidy” there in 1629. [Note: The “lay subsidy” was a tax on a person’s property based on the lands and goods he owned and/or customs on his staple commodities.] When Minister GEORGE PHILLIPS0 (1592 – 1644) (image at left) left the small Essex town of Boxted in 1630 to immigrate to the Massachusetts Colony with Puritan Governor JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649), and settle and become pastor in Watertown, Massachusetts, he brought with him like-minded men from Boxted and from neighboring 54 villages. SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665) of Boxted, Essex would follow with his family in 1635. Only six miles away from Boxted, just across the Stour River in Suffolk County, was Groton manor, the home of Governor JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649) until he emigrated in April, 1630. Social and economic ties also broadened the emigration. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 117

Master GEORGE PHILLIPS0 (1592 - 1644) was the son of CHRISTOPHER PHILLIPS-1 of Rainham, St. Martin, Norfolk County, England. He was born on August 13, 1592 in Swineshead, Lincoln, England. He received his Bachelor’s Degree in 1613 and Master’s Degree in 1617 from Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, England. After graduation, he settled in the ministry at “St. Peter’s Church” in Boxted, Essex County, England and was an occasional preacher at nearby Groton. He had a strong attachment to the principles of the non-conformists and finally cast his lot with the Puritans who were about to depart for the New World. Listing his home as Raynham, Norfolk, he came with JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649) in 1630 and was one of the first ministers to settle in the Bay Colony.55

Figure 14: St. Peter’s Church, Boxted, Essex County, England. The famous Puritan vicar, Master GEORGE PHILLIPS0 (1592 – 1644) was Rector from about 1613 until 1630, the year he immigrated to the Massachusetts Colony with Governor JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649).

Master GEORGE PHILLIPS0 (1592 – 1644) embarked for the Massachusetts Colony on April 7, 1630 in the flagship “Arbella” or “Arabella” with his wife and two children, as fellow passengers with Governor JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649) and Sir RICHARD SALTONSTALL0 (1586 – 1661). They arrived at Salem, Massachusetts on June 12, 1630. Master GEORGE PHILLIPS0’ first wife died soon after their arrival in Salem, Massachusetts and was buried by the side of Lady ARBELLA (ARABELLA) JOHNSON0, both, evidently, being unable to endure the hardship and exposure incident to a tedious ocean passage. Sir RICHARD SALTONSTALL0 (1586 – 1661) and Master GEORGE PHILLIPS0 (1592 - 1644) founded Watertown, Massachusetts along the banks of the Charles River. Settling in Watertown, Massachusetts near Cambridge, Master GEORGE PHILLIPS0 (1592 - 1644) was admitted as a “freeman” on May 18, 1631 and was the pastor of the church at Watertown for fourteen years. He died on July 1st, 1644 aged about

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fifty-one years. His son was the Reverend SAMUEL PHILLIPS1 (1625 - 1696) who was the beloved pastor of the Rowley church for forty-five years. The famous slavery th abolitionist of the 19 century, WENDELL PHILLIPS6 (1811 – 1884), was a direct descendant. Similarly, WILLIAM HUBBARD0, who lived in Tendring in northeast Essex, leased land called "WHIPPLES farm" thirty (30) miles away at Stondon Massey in southwest Essex. This farm may have been owned or occupied originally by the WHIPPLE0 brothers, MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 (1588 – 1647) and JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), of Bocking, Essex. Significantly, the rector of Stondon Massey (now called “St. Peter & St. Paul Church”) for ten years, the Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652), later served as the first minister (1634 - 1638) in Ipswich, Massachusetts, where the WHIPPLES0 and HUBBARDS0 came to live. Around 1624, the Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652), who was educated at Emmanuel College in Cambridge, for a time served as curate at Saint James’s, Piccadilly, and in 1626 or 1628 was presented by Sir NATHANIEL RICH0 with the rectorship of Stondon Massey (Stondon) in Essex, England.56 The pulpit and reading desk (shown at left) in Stondon Church was erected by Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652) and bears the date 1630. The pulpit also shows a scroll and carvings which clearly associate it with a little volume of sermons produced by Reverend NATHANIEL WARD0’s older brother, the Reverend SAMUEL WARD0 (1577 – 1640), in 1628. The pulpit was inscribed: “Preach the Word in season and out of season! – a message of St. Paul. The Reading Desk was inscribed: “Christ is All in All.” Reverend SAMUEL WARD0 (1577 – 1640) was known as the famous “Towne preacher of Ipswich, Suffolk,” England. In 1630 Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652), Rector of “St. Peter & St. Paul Church” in Stondon Massey, Essex, was “presented for not wearing a surplice in Church for the last two years, and that were not constantly read in Church on Wednesdays, Fridays, and Holy Days.” For several years Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652) was sheltered from the persecuting prelates by his patron, Sir NATHANIEL RICH0. However, by 1633 Bishop WILLIAM LAUD0‘s patience with NATHANIEL WARD0‘s non-conformity reached its limit and LAUD0 excommunicated him: “Having heretofore after long patience and often conference proceeded against NATHANIEL WARD0, parson of Stondon in Essex, to excommunication and deprivation for refusing to subscribe to the articles established by the canon of the church… I have now left him under sentence for excommunication.” Not willing to submit, the 55 year old minister decided to take refuge in Massachusetts Bay. Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 - 1652) was born in Haverhill, England, in 1578, where his father, JOHN WARD-1 (1550 – 1598) had been a clergyman. Master JOHN WARD-1 (1550 - 1598) and SUSAN (?) WARD (ROGERS)-1 were the proud CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 119

parents of three very prominent Puritan ministers: (1) Master SAMUEL WARD0 (1577 – 1640), the famous “Towne preacher of Ipswich;” (2) Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652), Rector of “St. Peter & St. Paul Church” in Stondon Massey, Essex; and (3) Master JOHN WARD JR0 (ca. 1595 – 1662), Rector of “St. Clements Church,” Ipswich, Suffolk.

Figure 15: “St. Peter & St. Paul Church,” Stondon Massey, Essex County, England.

Master JOHN WARD-1 (1550 - 1598) was a prominent puritan minister at Bury St. Edmunds who later moved to Ipswich, England where he undoubtedly assisted emigrating Puritans during the "Great Migration." He was living there with two of his prominent minister sons in 1634 when his other son, Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652), embarked at Ipswich for the New World. Having been suspended, then excommunicated for non-obedience to the Canons of the Anglican Church, and finally deprived because of his Puritanical leanings, in April, 1634, East Anglian Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652) emigrated at the age of fifty-five.

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[Note: It is believed that ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655), “the infamous religious dissenter and agitator of New England,” accompanied and befriended the Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652) aboard ship (name unknown) during their emigration in 1634. They had become good friends, for some years later (1643), the Master NATHANIEL WARD0 visited ROBERT POTTER0 (1608 – 1655) who was imprisoned in Boston for rejecting certain church ordinances, imploring him to confess the blasphemous errors of his ways.] <<< The Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652) became the first pastor of the Congregational Church in Ipswich, Massachusetts from 1634 until 1638. He was ten years senior to JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649) and twenty-five years older than the Master THOMAS SHEPARD0 (1605 – 1649), who emigrated from Ipswich, Suffolk, and came from the same part of the country as they. He remarked in a letter that he knew near forty (40) towns in England within as little compass as the bounds of Ipswich, Massachusetts where he dwelt. From such accounts, one can see the ease with which East Anglian Puritans were able to mobilize relatives and friends from the same or nearby towns for the migration to New England.57 Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652) was connected to the WINTHROPs by his daughter’s marriage. In addition, in January, 1630 he had corresponded with Governor JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649) about arranging passage for two families and some tradesmen on the fleet planning to depart in the spring of 1630 to New England. Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652) was a lawyer as well as a minister who wrote the witty book, “A Simple Cobbler of Agawam” [Note: Agawam was the Indian name for Ipswich, Massachusetts], which was filled with bigotry, sarcasm and clean, sharp prose. For his capable assistance in drawing up the “Body of Liberties” for the Massachusetts Bay Colony, he received a grant of 600 acres in Andover, Massachusetts. When he returned to England in December, 1646, he left his large Andover farm to Harvard College then recently founded, whose benefactor, JOHN HARVARD0 (1607 – 1638), he had known at Emmanuel. The much younger Master THOMAS SHEPARD0 (1605 – 1649), also a graduate of Emmanuel College, Cambridge (1623), held a lectureship from 1627 to 1631 at Earles Colne near Coggeshall, Essex and was summoned in 1632 to London by Bishop WILLIAM LAUD0 (1573 – 1645) to answer for nonconformity. When Puritan ministers tried to argue with him, as young THOMAS SHEPARD0 (1605 – 1649) did, the archbishop shook with fury and looked, as SHEPARD0 put it, “as though blood would have gushed out of his face.” Bishop WILLIAM LAUD0 (1573 – 1645) continued to track and persecute him even after he tried to evade persecution by first moving to Bossal in Yorkshire in 1632 and then to Haddon, a suburb of New-castle-on-Tyne in Northumberland in 1633. Finally, he was compelled to preach unofficially in the Puritan underground. In June, 1634 he went by ship from New-castle-on-Tyne to Ipswich in Suffolk County, England. Then, in August, 1635 he made his way to London where on CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 121

August 10, 1635 the zealous and fiery Puritan Master THOMAS SHEPARD0 (1605 – 1649), no longer able to compromise his conscience, sailed from England on the good ship “Defence” and arrived in Boston, Massachusetts on October 3, 1635. He eventually settled at Newtowne (Cambridge), Massachusetts where he became minister in 1636 and served as pastor until his death there on August 28, 1649. THOMAS SHEPARD0 (1605 – 1649), pale and weak, was a preacher’s preacher who believed that “every natural man and women is born full of sin, as full as a toad of poison.” Soon, many of the recalcitrant and suspended clergy would turn their eyes to the newly settled Colony of the Massachusetts Bay. Ninety Puritan ministers came to New England in “The Great Migration.” Some of the more notable non-conforming ministers are listed below: Table 18: Notable non-conforming clergy who emigrated from England to Massachusetts Bay during “The Great Puritan Migration (1630 – 1640)”. Yr. Clergyman Ship From To 1630 Master Arbella Boxted, Essex, Watertown, GEORGE PHILLIPS0 Peter Milburne, England. Massachusetts. (1592 – 1644) Master Sailed: April 8, 1630 Arrived: June 13, 1630

1630 Master JOHN WILSON0 Arbella Sudbury, Boston, (1588 – 1667) Peter Milburne, Essex, England. Massachusetts. Master Sailed: [Note: He returned to April 8, 1630 England in 1631.] Arrived: June 13, 1630 1631 Master Lyon High Laver, Plymouth, ROGER WILLIAMS0 William Peirce, Essex, England. MA; (ca. 1603 – 1683) Master Salem, MA.; Sailed: and [Joined this Voyage # 1 to December, 1630 Providence, relieve the “Scarcity of Arrived: R.I. 1630/1631” in Mass. Bay.] February 5, 1631

1631 Master JOHN ELIOT0 Lyon Little Baddow, Roxbury, (1604 – 1690) William Peirce, Essex, England. Massachusetts. [Chaplain on the “Lyon” Master [Assistant to Voyage # 2 with JOHN Sailed: Master “Apostle to the WINTHROP JR1 (1606 – August 23, 1631 THOMAS Indians” 1676).] Arrived: HOOKER0 November 4, 1631 (1586 – 1647)] CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 122

1632 Master JOHN WILSON0 Unknown? All Saints Boston, (1588 – 1667) Sailed: unknown. Church, Massachusetts. [Note: He returned to Arrived: Sudbury, England in 1634.] May, 1632. Essex, England. 1632 Master William & Francis Terling, Essex, First Church THOMAS WELDE0 Mr. Thomas, England. in Roxbury, (1595 – 1661) Master Massachusetts Sailed: March 9, 1632 [Rocksborough Arrived: Hills]. June 5, 1632 1633 Master Griffin Little Baddow Newtown THOMAS HOOKER0 Sailed: near (Cambridge), (1586 – 1647) unknown. Chelmsford, MA.; then to Arrived: Essex; Hartford, CT. [Fled to Holland in 1631.] September 3, 1633 previously Chelmsford Cathedral, Essex. 1633 Master Griffin Stisted near Newtown SAMUEL STONE0 Sailed: Braintree, (Cambridge), (1602 - 1663) unknown Essex (1627 – Massachusetts; - Assistant to Master Arrived: 1630); then to THOMAS HOOKER0 September 3, 1633 previously Hartford, (1586 – 1647). Towcester, Connecticut. Northamptonsh ire

1633 Master JOHN COTTON0 Griffin Church of St. Boston, (1584 – 1652) Sailed: Botolph, Massachusetts. unknown. Boston, Arrived: Lincolnshire, September 3, 1633 England. 1634 Master Unknown? Stondon Ipswich, NATHANIEL WARD0 Sailed: (Stondon Massachusetts. (1578 – 1652) Ipswich, Suffolk in Massey), [Note: He returned to April, 1634 Essex; and England in December, Arrived: Little Leighs, 1646.] June/July,1634 Essex, England. 1635 Master RICHARD James Toxteth, Dorchester, MATHER0 (1596 – 1669) John Taylor, Lancashire, Massachusetts. [220 ton ship caught in Master England. hurricane off N.E.; had Sailed: storm tossed voyage; ship June 3, 1635 (100 passengers torn and shredded to Arrived: on board) pieces.] August 15, 1635

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1635 Master HUGH PETERS0 Abigail Fowey, Salem, (1598 – 1660) Robert Hackwell, Cornwall, Massachusetts. Master England; sailed [Note: He returned to Sailed: from exile in England in 1640.] July, 1635 Rotterdam, Arrived: Holland. Oct., 1635

1635 Master JOHN NORTON0 Defence Bishop Ipswich, (1606 – 1663) Edward Stortford, Massachusetts; Bostocke, Master Hertfordshire, Boston, Sailed: England. Massachusetts. late July, 1635 Arrived: October 3, 1635 1635 Master Defence Earles Colne, Newtown THOMAS SHEPARD0 Edward Essex (Cambridge), (1605 – 1649) Bostocke, Master (near Massachusetts. Sailed: Coggeshall, 6 from London on miles northeast August 10, 1635 of Bocking) Arrived: October 3, 1635 1635 Reverend WILLIAM Hercules , Newtown WETHERELL0 John Kiddy Kent, England (Cambridge), (ca. 1601 – 1684) (Kiddey)0, Master Charlestown, (?) Duxbury, and Sailed: Scituate, early Spring 1635 Massachusetts. Arrived: Spring 1635

1635 Master JOHN WILSON0 Defence Sudbury, Boston, (1588 – 1667) – 2nd voyage. Edward Essex, England. Massachusetts. Bostocke, Master [Note: In 1630 he first Sailed: came to Massachusetts on late July, 1635 the “Arbella” with Arrived: Governor WINTHROP0.] October 3, 1635 1636 Master Rebecca Assington, Ipswich, NATHANIEL ROGERS0 Sailed: Suffolk; Massachusetts. (1598 – 1655) June 1, 1636 previously from Arrived: Bocking, [ordained Feb. [Previously curate to Dr. November 17, Essex, England. 20, 1638] JOHN BARKHAM-1 at 1636. Bocking, Essex.] [passage of 168 days]

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1638 Master John of London Rowley, Rowley, EZEKIEL ROGERS0 Sailed: Yorkshire, Massachusetts (1590 – 1660) from Hull in England. (1586 – 1647) summer of 1638. (5 miles west of Arrived: Kingston- October 10, 1638 Upon-Hull in – Salem, MA. the East Riding) Notes: (1) The followers of the Master JOHN ELIOT0 (1604 – 1690) from Hertfordshire and western Essex counties in England settled in Roxbury, Massachusetts about 1631. (2) The followers of the Master THOMAS HOOKER0 (1586 – 1647), known as the “Braintree Company,” a company of about fifty (50) families from Essex and Hertfordshire Counties, England, emigrated in advance of their leader; many sailed in the good ship “Lyon” in the summer of 1632. (3) The followers of the Master JOHN COTTON0 (1584 – 1652) from the region around Boston, England settled in Boston, Massachusetts about 1633. (4) The followers of the Master THOMAS SHEPARD0 (1605 – 1649), about seventy (70) families from Essex, Suffolk, Yorkshire, and Northumberland counties in England, emigrated about 1635 and bought up the homesteads in Cambridge, Massachusetts owned by Master THOMAS HOOKER0’s (1586 – 1647) company who removed to Hartford, Connecticut also in 1635. (5) The followers of the Master WILLIAM WETHERELL0 (ca. 1601 – 1684), about fifteen (15) families from Kent County, England, settled in Newtown (Cambridge), Massachusetts. (6) The followers of the Master EZEKIEL ROGERS0 (1590 – 1660), about sixty (60) families from the vicinity of Rowley in Yorkshire, England, settled in Rowley, Massachusetts.

Most of these clergymen were graduates of one of three colleges of the University of Cambridge – “Emmanuel, Magdalen, and Trinity” which were then known as nurseries of Puritan doctrines. Many of these families would intermarry further strengthening their bonds. These unions were so frequent that there appeared to be an unwritten social law that the sons of ministers should marry the daughters of ministers. One quarter of the one hundred and thirty-four university alumni who are known to have immigrated to New England before 1650 had their education at “Emmanuel,” the largest college in the University of Cambridge at the time. Alumni included: NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652), the “simple cobbler” and the lawmaker who drafted the “Body of Liberties”, our first bill of rights; THOMAS HOOKER0 (1586 – 1647), the “light of the Western churches” who graduated in 1608; Master WILLIAM BLAXTON (BLACKSTONE)0 (1595 – 1675), the hermit of Beacon Hill; CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 125

SIMON BRADSTREET0 (1604 – 1697), sixty years a magistrate of the Bay; RICHARD SALTONSTALL0, the younger (1610 – 1694); DANIEL DENISON0 (1612 – 1682), the soldier of Essex, Massachusetts who graduated in 1629; and EZEKIEL CHEEVER0 (1614 – 1708) the great schoolmaster who taught eleven years at Ipswich and thirty-eight years at the “Boston Latin School” establishing there a tradition of learning to which the “Boston Latin School” is ever faithful. [Note: Centuries later, between 1958 and 1964, brothers KENNETH DODGE POTTER JR.10 (B.L.S. Class of 1962) and *WILBURN METCALF POTTER10 (B.L.S. Class of 1964) attended the “Boston Latin School” which has continued the tradition.] The clergy’s power in colonial New England emerged in part from the authority of their office but even more from the quality of the men who occupied the office. Never before had a people been led into the wilderness by men of such intellectual and moral stature. However, England would remain divided on the religious question into two camps of nearly equal strength that would soon fight it out in a bloody civil war from 1642 to 1649. <<<

D. MOTIVES FOR EMIGRATION: Historians have isolated a number of motivations for the Puritans' departure from England in the 1630s, ranging from and economic distress at home to a yearning for a better life, for intellectual freedom, and for a different climate and more land. After centuries of vassalage to lords of the manors, leading a hopeless tenant's life without prospect of acquiring independence of their grinding economic conditions made the opportunity to acquire land an attractive proposition for many. Nevertheless, the East Anglians came, as they alleged, to find an outlet for their repressed religious liberty and to plant a Biblical Commonwealth according to their newly developed ideas of theology. Law in a Bible Commonwealth must be God’s law as revealed in the Bible. But, one must believe, in the last analysis, that the underlying motives that determined their decision to emigrate were undoubtedly economic. These were not desperate groups of people. They came from a region with long- standing traditions, and they had confidence in their own economic abilities and resourcefulness. These were not people who were pushed to the New World by miserable circumstances in the Old. However, there were at least two major causes behind the migration to New England from East Anglia: “(1) economic reverses, particularly in the “cloth trade,” and in agricultural production; and, (2) a sharp change in ecclesiastical policy after decades of relative calm.” 58

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(1) ECONOMIC DEPRESSION in East Anglia: "It was the worst of times..." In the 1620s and 1630s, an economic depression of serious proportions existed in East Anglia. East Anglia, including Suffolk, was suffering from “a decline in the cloth industry upon which the region’s prosperity had been built.” New types of cloth, particularly , were supplanting the traditional English woolens in the European marketplace, while wars on the continent also caused disruptions to trade. The result was growing unemployment, poverty, and crimes associated with dearth. In the 1610s and 1620s these developments reached a crisis. From 1625 to 1630 “the business of the clothiers suffered a very severe decline which continued for some years.” A large vagrant population of wandering poor overran the larger towns and much of the countryside as well. In 1625, the governors of the town of Braintree called a town meeting in the Church “to confer on some course to be taken to set the poor to work at this hard time.” In 1630, half the adult population of Essex was employed in the “cloth trade.” This trade had been deeply depressed by wars with Spain (1625 – 1630) and France (1627 – 1629) and by a general depression of commerce in this period. The greater parts of the people were miserably poor. The enclosing of arable land for the raising of sheep drove thousands of peasants from the soil. The unemployed crowded into towns where the closed corporations of handicraftsmen would have none of them; the market for common labor became glutted, and in consequence the roads and lanes of England were full of sturdy beggars. Depression hit the whole “cloth making industry” and sent men of moderate means, such as the weavers of Braintree and Bocking, Essex, into great extremity and want. They were not able to maintain their poor wives and children because of the lack of work. In 1629, unemployed weavers besieged the courts at Braintree and Sudbury in search of work. Their suffering was deepened by a severe “scarcity and dearth of corn” in that year. [Author's Note: Could *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) have been one of these poor children taken in by the wealthy JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) family? The probable inaccurate mention of his “son-in-law” *ANTHONY1 as a "stepson" of Elder JOHN 59 WHIPPLE0 in one reference infers this close relationship.] In 1630, many poor men and women, “complaining for want of work,” were given make-work jobs by the towns. Most towns looked after their own. But the vagrant poor were treated with great brutality. With mounting unemployment and poor harvests, obtaining a constant food supply was one of the most serious concerns. The region's wellbeing deteriorated under conditions associated with the pressure of large populations, food shortages, malnutrition, disease, and itinerant poor.60 There were many non-Puritans who were eager to join the Godly expedition for economic reasons. However, the leaders of Massachusetts discouraged immigration from the bottom of English society and placed heavy impediments in the path of the migrant poor. The Puritans believed that every nation or people existed by virtue of a covenant with God, an agreement whereby they promised to abide by His laws, and He in turn agreed to treat them well. Whenever drought, disease, or depression appeared, they looked

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fearfully for worse to come, because they knew that worse was deserved, that God would not always tolerate the evils that the English Government tolerated, nay practiced. Preachers sounded the alarm again and again. Sure enough, in the 1620's the textile industry suffered a depression that affected the whole country. East Anglia was especially hard hit. “Cloth workers” were unemployed and were unable to pay for country produce and went hungry; clothiers could not market their fabrics; farmers could not pay their rents. On April 17, 1628, there repaired to the Quarter Sessions at Chelmsford, Essex, 200 persons, who delivered a petition in the names of the “weavers” of Braintree and Bocking, complaining of extreme necessity for want of work by the “cloth-makers,” intimating that above 30,000 persons were likely to partake of the misery. The cost of caring for the poor and unemployed rose steadily. Was this not a hint of God's displeasure, a warning of worse to come? This was the England that the Puritans knew, an England under the shadow of God's wrath. Emigration to New England offered them the opportunity to enforce the laws of God and win divine favor. They could create in New England the kind of society that God demanded of all His servants but that none had yet given Him. New England would be the citadel of God's chosen people, a spearhead of world Protestantism.

(2) RELIGIOUS PERSECUTION in East Anglia: Many decades before “The Great Migration” (1630 -1640), separation from the “Reformed Church of England” was being considered by small groups of separatists in East Anglia. Those first English separatists were quickly opposed and prosecuted by the leaders of the reformed church. In 1550, a group of men and women, led by the determined and elusive separatist, HENRY HART-2, were arrested at Bocking, Essex at a large conventicle (secret gathering) where they were planning separation. Through the remainder of the century and into the next, pious lay men and women of the “Stour River Valley” frequently joined with Godly clergy in informal and secret associations in which they not only prayed together but also discussed and reached agreement on matters of faith and practice. In 1553, the leaders of another conventicle of reformers engaged in discussions of prayer without forms and ceremonies were arrested at Bocking, Essex. In 1553, one of the Bocking congregation, a Maidstone schoolmaster named THOMAS COLE-2, was made to preach a recantation sermon by -3 (1489 – 1556), Archbishop of Canterbury and leader of the English Reformation. Local Puritan autonomy in East Anglia appears to have been also severely curtailed between 1629 and 1634. Bishop WILLIAM LAUD0 (1573 – 1645), Archbishop of Canterbury, began his persecution of Non-Conformists in 1629. He set himself to weed out the Puritan party in the Church of England, and to make everyone conform to the services of the Prayer Book. He was intent on imposing ceremonial uniformity while introducing a Catholic-style “beauty of holiness.” He complained that East Anglia was the throbbing heart of heresy in England. Within East Anglia, the Puritan movement was

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strongest in the small towns whence so many migrants left for Massachusetts. In many communities along or near the Stour River, official inquiries were made concerning the lecturers of Essex, while in other places conventicles were suppressed. Colchester, Essex was well known for its Puritan sympathies. The main irreconcilable point of ritual dissension between the Puritans and the authorities of the “Reformed Church of England” was the refusal of the Puritans to receive communion while kneeling before the altar. They insisted that it be administered to them while seated or standing since there was no evidence that the apostles had kneeled during the Last Supper. In 1629, the following dissenting Nayland parishioners were presented to the of Sudbury for refusing to kneel to receive communion: JOHN WARREN0, JOHN FIRMYN0, CHRISTOPHER SCARLET0, JOHN KENT0, and 8X Great Grandfather *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) and were admonished for their non- conformity. All but CHRISTOPHER SCARLET0 would soon immigrate to New England. The Puritans also objected to making the sign of the cross when uttering Christ’s name since there was no biblical precedent. In 1632, WILLIAM LAUD0 (1573 – 1645), Bishop of London, suspended Dedham’s famous preacher Master JOHN ROGERS-1 (1572 – 1636) known as Reverend “ROARING JOHN” ROGERS-1, giving him a month to conform or suffer excommunication, ordered Master THOMAS SHEPARD0 (1605 – 1649) out of his diocese, and threatened Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 - 1652) and other Essex clergy. Bishop WILLIAM LAUD0 (1573 – 1645) was elevated to Archbishop of Canterbury in August, 1633, spurring him to further aggressiveness against the non- conforming clergy. In 1633, “ecclesiastical visitations” were made to several parishes near Great Bromley in northeast Essex to detail every single departure from conformity, whether great or small. This testified to the degree to which authorities planned to carry their reform as well as to the inability of Puritan communities to accept those changes. These attacks, coupled with the growing economic uncertainties of the late 1620s and early 1630s, made migration inevitable.61 It is evident that other causes, besides the quarrels in the Church and the tyranny of Archbishop WILLIAM LAUD0 (1573 – 1645), must have been operative on a large scale, to explain the full extent of the movement. It seems probable that the principal cause that induced such an extraordinary number of people, from the ranks of the lesser gentry and those below them, to make so complete a break in their lives as was implied by leaving all they had ever known for the uncertainties of far-off lands, was economic. They came for the simple reason that they wanted to better their condition. They wanted to be rid of the growing and incalculable exactions of government. They wanted to own land; and it was this last motive, perhaps, which mainly had attracted those twelve thousand persons out of sixteen thousand who swelled the population of Massachusetts in 1640, but

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were not church members; for the Puritan colonies were the only ones in which land could be owned in fee simple, without quit-rent or lord, and in which it was freely given to settlers.62

The JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) Family of Bocking, Essex, Eng. 1630 Name Age JOHN WHIPPLE0 34 yrs. st 1. SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0 (1 Wife) 36 yrs. or deceased?

a. SUSANNAH WHIPPLE (WORTH)1 8 yrs. b. JOHN WHIPPLE1 Deceased c. JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (Captain) 5 yrs. d. ELIZABETH WHIPPLE (POTTER)1 3 yrs. e. MATTHEW WHIPPLE1 2 yrs. Note: Since we do not know SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0’s (ca. 1594 – before 1634) date of death which was sometime before 1634 in England, we cannot know for certain which of JOHN WHIPPLE0’s children were hers.

The ANTHONY POTTER0 (ca. 1628 – 1690) Family of England 1630 Name Age *ANTHONY POTTER1 2 yrs.

XIII. THE GREAT PURITAN MIGRATION (1630 – 1640):

1630: The "Great Migration" (1630 - 1640) began in 1630 led by JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 - 1649), a London attorney (i.e. a barrister of the “Inner Temple”) and lord of Groton Manor in Suffolk. JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649) was the son of Sir ADAM “Baron” WINTHROP III-1 (1548 – 1623), a prominent London attorney, and ANNE BROWNE WINTHROP-1 (1558 – 1629), who were married on February 20, 1579 in Groton, Suffolk, England. Groton today is a tiny village on a hillside overlooking the market town of Boxford which is only one mile away. Groton is just four miles north of Nayland, Suffolk where Deacon GREGORY STONE0 (1592 - 1672) and his family made their home for nearly twenty years prior to emigrating to America in 1635, and only six miles from Boxted, Essex where Deacon GREGORY STONE0's brother, SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665) and his family lived.

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In the summer of 1629, JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649), now in his forty-third year, who was living the life of a country squire at Groton in Suffolk, and was a small office-holder under government, had been anxiously watching the course of affairs and was contemplating emigration as were others including neighbors and friends. Of a sensitive and deeply religious nature, strongly attached to the Puritan cause, he could not but regard the future with the greatest anxiety. In addition to his fear that all hope of civil, as well as of even a moderate degree of religious liberty, was rapidly fading, JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649) was also Figure 16: troubled by the prospects for his personal, social and JOHN WINTHROP0 financial position. In his letters he reports that he owed more (1588 – 1649) than he was able to pay without selling his land; and throughout all his letters and papers of the period runs the same strain of anxiety over money matters. Although possessed of a modest estate, which, when subsequently sold, realized 4,200 pounds, the demands of a large family, and the increased cost of living, were more than he could meet. In June 1629, he was, in addition, deprived of his office under the Master of the Wards. He was the common attorney in His Majesty's "Court of Wards and Liveries" administering the lands of the King's wards. Just at this time, Puritan circles were discussing JOHN ENDECOTT's (1588 – 1665) settlement at Salem, Massachusetts and a paper, being circulated, consisting of arguments for and against settling a plantation in New England. The reasons given in favor of it were mainly “religious and economic.” The first dwelt upon the glory of opposing Anti-Christ, in the form of the French Jesuits in Canada, and of raising "a particular church" in New England, while the second referred to the supposed surplus population at home, and to the standard and cost of living which had grown to that height of intemperance. In the circles where JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649) moved, among the Puritan gentry of the eastern counties, there had been interest in colonization even before CHARLES I0's final dissolution of Parliament in 1629. On August 26, 1629, JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649) and eleven other foremost Puritans met at the university town of Cambridge in Cambridgeshire County to resolve upon transplanting their Charter (or "Patent," as they generally called it) to the New World and signed an agreement to be ready by the first of the following March (1630) to embark for New England, and to settle there permanently.63 When Englishmen left their island to immigrate to the North American continent, to begin a new life in the unexplored wilderness, they adopted the name of "planters" and came to plant a new nation in this newly acquired territory. The places to which they went were called "plantations."

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President ULYSSES SIMPSON GRANT7 (1822 – 1885) Genealogy A number of U.S. Presidents traced their American ancestry wholly or partly to Puritans who had landed in Massachusetts during the great migration (1629 – 1640). The first American forefather of President ULYSSES SIMPSON GRANT7 (1822 - 1885) was MATTHEW GRANT0 (1601 - 1681). The Puritans, MATTHEW GRANT0 and his first wife, PRISCILLA (?) GRANT0, came from Dorchester, Dorset County, England. They were married on November 16, 1625. On March 20, 1630, they sailed from Plymouth, England on the good ship "Mary and John", with THOMAS CHUBB0, Master, and with one hundred and forty (140) passengers from the counties of Somerset, Dorset, and Devon under the patronage of the Master JOHN WHITE0. They arrived at Nantasket on May 30, 1630 and settled at Mattapan which was renamed 64 Dorchester, Massachusetts. In 1635, MATTHEW GRANT0 moved to what is now Windsor, Connecticut, and was the surveyor there for more than forty years.65 Many generations later, descendants of *ANTHONY POTTER1 would wishfully, but mistakenly, claim relationship to President ULYSSES S. GRANT7 (1822 – 1885) as the POTTER and GRANT families would eventually intermarry. *ALGERNON SIDNEY POTTER7 (1841 - 1893) married *FLORA E. GRANT (POTTER)7 (1848 - 1927/8) who was the daughter of Captain *LEONARD SAMUEL GRANT6 (1812 - 1880) of Prospect, Maine and Rockland, Maine and Boston, Massachusetts. Although they were not related, Captain *LEONARD SAMUEL GRANT6 (1812 - 1880) would meet President ULYSSES S. GRANT7 (1822 – 1885) on August 15, 1873 when the President and his party were touring and vacationing in Maine. Captain *LEONARD SAMUEL GRANT6 (1812 - 1880), then Pilot of the U.S. Revenue Cutter Hugh McCulloch, had the honor of transporting the President and his party from Rockland, Maine to North Haven, Maine. [See “Appendix “7A”: Grant Pedigree” for more details.] <<<

On March 29, 1630, leaving his family including his pregnant wife behind in England, JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649) sailed on the “Arbella” or “Arabella” (previously named the “Eagle”), with PETER MILBURNE0 as Master of the flagship of his first fleet of four ships which included the “Ambrose,” “Jewel,” and “Talbot” from Cowes in the Isle of Wight with the first wave of 300 to 400 emigrating Puritans. Due to unfavorable weather they made a brief stop near Yarmouth and set off again for New England on April 7, 1630. Over seventy men, women, and children from Groton and the closely neighboring villages would migrate with him. After a ten week stormy passage the “Arabella” arrived in Salem, Massachusetts on June 12, 1630.

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Master GEORGE PHILLIPS0 (1592 – 1644), vicar of Boxted, Essex, with his wife and children, sailed with Governor JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649) onboard the “Arabella” (image at left) and settled in Watertown, Massachusetts. It is now believed that Sir RICHARD SALTONSTALL0 (1586 – 1661), THOMAS DUDLEY0 (1576 – 1653), WILLIAM HATHORNE0 (ca. 1606 – 1681), INCREASE NOWELL0 (1590 – 1655), and the Reverend JOHN WILSON0 (1588 – 1667) (who was in Bocking, Essex for a while) also sailed on the “Arabella” with Governor JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649) in 1630. Seven more ships of his fleet would sail by the end of May, 1630, with another 300 to 400 like-minded emigrating Puritans. The remaining seven ships of his fleet of eleven ships were: (1) “Hopewell,” (2) “Charles,” (3) “Mayflower,” (4) “Success,” (5) “Trial,” (6) “William & Francis,” and (7) “Whale.” From June 12, 1630 until the end of July, 1630, about seven hundred (700) passengers of the Winthrop fleet would disembark at Salem, Massachusetts. Sadly, almost two hundred (200) of these would be dead by the end of December, 1630 due to the hardships of the voyage and the struggle to survive in their new found homeland.

Also, the famous 250 ton ship “Lyon” with Captain WILLIAM PEIRCE0 (1591 – 1641) as Master, sailed in March, 1630 from Bristol, England with about eighty (80) like-minded Puritans from western England. They arrived in Salem, Massachusetts in May, 1630. The wealthy 10X Great Grandfather *BRYAN PENDLETON-2 (1599 - 1681), his wife, 10X Great Grandmother *ELEANOR PRICE PENDLETON-2 (1599 - 1689), and CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 133

his children, from “St. Sepulchre’s without Newgate” parish in London, England sailed in Governor JOHN WINTHROP0’s fleet in 1630. [See: Chapter V: *ELIJAH POTTER – Pendleton-Ewell-Grant-Potter pedigree.] More of JOHN WINTHROP0’s family and neighbors followed over the next five years. In all, almost two hundred of the over seven hundred initial emigrants came from Essex and Suffolk, the counties bordering the Stour River.

Figure 17: The Puritan Leaders who led “The Great Migration (1630 – 1640)”: JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649) – center front – First Governor of Massachusetts; JOHN WINTHROP JR1 (1606 - 1676) – center rear – Governor of Connecticut; Sir HENRY (HARRY) VANE1, the Younger, (1613 – 1662) – right rear – Governor of Massachusetts; Sir RICHARD SALTONSTALL0 (1586 - 1661) - right front – First Assistant to Governor JOHN WINTHROP0 and Founder of Watertown, Massachusetts; HUGH PETER0 (1598 - 1660) – left rear – Minister of Salem, Massachusetts and Founder of Harvard College; and, WILLIAM PYNCHON0 (1590 - 1662) – left front – Theologian and Founder of Springfield, Massachusetts. (Courtesy: Essex Institute, Massachusetts)

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Master JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649) and others like him had persuaded themselves to come because it seemed that the cause of God could best be served, for the time at least, in New England. Seventeen vessels in all were dispatched in 1630 by the Massachusetts Bay Company in which about 1,000 colonists were transported with their supplies and livestock. Between April and December, 1630, as many as two hundred (200) colonists died from the rigors of the crossing, and the hardships and scarcities of the early settlement. Up until 1630, Plymouth was the only significant English settlement in the region. That year, an armada of seventeen ships arrived off the New England coast. Soon after arriving in Salem on June 12, 1630, JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649) surveyed the bay area and chose to move the headquarters of the colony to Charlestown. However, by October, 1630, Boston was chosen as an even better location and it was not long before “the Boston plantation was recognized as the political and economic center of the colony.” Boston would become the home of many of *ANTHONY POTTER1's (ca. 1628 – 1690) descendants in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. After 1630, London became the chief port of embarkation for emigrants to New England, with Ipswich, Great Yarmouth, and Sandwich competing for this patronage.

1631: The “Lyon,” a seaworthy vessel of 250 tons, was famous in the history of the early emigration to Massachusetts, and her Master, Captain WILLIAM PEIRCE0 (1591 – 1641), was equally noted for his skillful seamanship and his sympathy with the policy of the Puritan leaders.66 [“Lyon” – 1631 Voyage # 1] Captain WILLIAM PEIRCE0 (1591 – 1641), the famous Atlantic ferryman, distinguished himself during “the scarcity of 1630/1631" by his hurried emergency 1630/1631 midwinter voyage in the “Lyon” to England and back (sailing from Bristol, England to Salem, Massachusetts) to bring provisions, fruit, lemon juice, and other necessities on February 5, 1631 just in time to relieve the JOHN WINTHROP0 adventurers of the ravages of scurvy and save them from starvation. The first Thanksgiving in the Bay Colony happened on February 22, 1631 just after these provision ships arrived. The famous founder of Rhode Island, ROGER WILLIAMS0 (ca. 1603 – 1683), was among the passengers on the “Lyon” in February, 1631.

[“Lyon” – 1631 Voyage # 2] Having departed London, England about August 23, 1631, the ship, “Lyon,” (image at right) commanded by Master WILLIAM PEIRCE0 (1591 – 1641), arrived at Nantasket (Boston), Massachusetts on November 4, 1631 with more of the WINTHROP Puritans.

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Table 19: Some notable passengers on the “Lyon’s” fall 1631 voyage (1631 Voyage # 2) from London, England arriving at Nantasket (Boston), Massachusetts on November 4, 1631. No. Family Passenger

1 WINTHROP Mrs. MARGARET TYNDAL WINTHROP0 (ca. 1591 – 1647), third wife of Governor JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649), of Groton, Suffolk, England.

2 WINTHROP JOHN WINTHROP JR1 (1606 – 1676), 25 year old son of JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649) and his first wife, MARY FORTH WINTHROP0 (1583 – 1615) of Groton, Suffolk, England. 3 WINTHROP MARTHA FONES WINTHROP1 (1611 - 1634), wife of JOHN WINTHROP JR1 (1606 – 1676) of Groton, Suffolk, England. 4 WINTHROP MARY WINTHROP (DUDLEY)1 (1612 - 1643), 19 year old daughter of JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649) and his first wife, MARY FORTH WINTHROP0 (1583 – 1615) of Groton, Suffolk, England.

5 WINTHROP ADAM WINTHROP1 (1620 - 1652), 11 year old son of JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649) and his third wife, MARGARET TYNDALE WINTHROP0 (ca. 1587 – 1647), of Groton, Suffolk, England.

6 WINTHROP SAMUEL WINTHROP1 (1627 – 1674), 4 year old son of JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649) and his third wife, MARGARET TYNDALE WINTHROP0 (ca. 1587 – 1647), of Groton, Suffolk, England.

7 WINTHROP ANNE WINTHROP1 (1630 – 1631), infant daughter of JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649) and his third wife, MARGARET TYNDALE WINTHROP0 (ca. 1587 – 1647), of Groton, Suffolk, England. She died a week into the voyage and was buried at sea.

8 DENISON Deacon WILLIAM DENISON0 (ca. 1571 – 1654) of Bishops Stortford, Hertfordshire, England; his family had been wealthy for several generations.

9 DENISON MARGARET CHANDLER MONCK DENISON0 (ca. 1577 – 1645/1646), wife of Deacon WILLIAM DENISON0 (ca. 1571 – 1654), of Bishops Stortford, Hertfordshire, England.

10 DENISON DANIEL DENISON1 (1612 – 1682), 19 year old son of Deacon WILLIAM DENISON0 (ca. 1571 – 1654) and his wife, MARGARET CHANDLER MONCK DENISON0 (ca. 1577 – 1645/1646), of Bishops Stortford, Hertfordshire, England bound for Ipswich, Massachusetts; baptized October 18, 1612 at Bishop’s Stortford which is located about thirty miles north of London; graduated from Emmanuel College in Cambridge in 1629; initially settled in Cambridge, Massachusetts but soon removed to Ipswich, Massachusetts.

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11 DENISON EDWARD DENISON1, younger brother of DANIEL DENISON1 (1612 – 1682).

12 DENISON GEORGE DENISON1, younger brother of DANIEL DENISON1 (1612 – 1682).

13 ELIOT PHILLIP ELIOT0 (1602 – 1657), older brother of Reverend JOHN ELIOT0 (1604 – 1690), of Nazeing, Essex, England bound for Roxbury, Massachusetts.

14 ELIOT Reverend JOHN ELIOT0 (1604 – 1690) of Nazeing, Essex, England bound for Roxbury, Massachusetts. Chaplain during this voyage on the ship “Lyon.” He was the tutor of brothers DANIEL DENISON1, EDWARD DENISON1, and GEORGE DENISON1. He became well known in New England as the “Apostle to the Indians.” Note: Bishops Stortford, Hertfordshire, England is only 21.8 miles due west of Bocking, Essex on highway A120. It is located opposite London Stansted Airport on the M11 expressway (the main highway from London to Cambridge). The fifteenth century church of “St. Michael’s” was there.

It is believed that the great grandfather of Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) of Bocking, Essex, i.e. THOMAS WHIPPLE-2 (1510 - ? ), may have lived in Bishop’s Stortford, Hertfordshire and that some of Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0’s cousins still lived there at the time of his emigration to America. <<<

Ipswich (Agawam), Massachusetts: In August, 1631 the predatory Tarratines (Abenakis) from Maine attacked the peaceful Indians at Ipswich (Agawam), killed seven, and plundered their small village. At that time the land was owned and occupied by a small tribe of Algonquin Indians, whose chief, sachem, or sagamore, bore the name of MASCONOMO0, and the place was known as Agawam, “land beneath water (marshes)” per Native Americans, or "The Fishing Station." It is believed that MASCONOMO0 may have been subject to MASSASOIT0 (1580 – 1661), the Great Sachem of the Wampanoag Nation who ruled over many tribes in eastern Massachusetts and had established peaceful relations with the Pilgrims that settled Plymouth in 1620 and 1621. Many of the eastern New England tribes had been decimated by the pestilence of 1616 – 1617 making them vulnerable to the Tarratine raiders from the north. <<< In 1631, the General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony ordered Saturday to be "Training Day" in order to organize a defense against the Indians who had become restless with the continual encroachment upon their lands. Also, the French and Spanish both had rival colonies in the New World and might attack at any time. Towns were instructed to take steps so that all inhabitants were to be furnished with good and sufficient arms; every captain was required to train his men each Saturday; town watches were ordered. In addition, the court set a bounty for killing wolves that were preying on the colony’s livestock. <<<

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1632: [“Lyon” – Voyage # 4] On June 22, 1632, the “Lyon,” at 250 tons, with Captain WILLIAM PEIRCE0 (1591 – 1641), Master, sailed from London and arrived at Boston, Massachusetts on September 16, 1632. He brought one hundred and twenty-three (123) passengers, whereof fifty (50) children, all in health. Fifty-eight (58) of the passengers were followers of Reverend THOMAS HOOKER0 (1586 – 1647) from the Braintree/Bocking, Essex area including the brothers WILLIAM GOODWIN0 (1591 – 1673) and OZIAS GOODWIN0 (1596 – 1683) with their wives and children. They had been twelve weeks aboard and eight weeks from Land's End. [WINTHROP: Journal, I, 92.]. Master THOMAS HOOKER0 (1586 – 1647) had fled from Chelmsford, Essex to Holland in 1631 and didn’t immigrate to New England until 1633 where he was minister at Newtown (Cambridge) until he moved to Hartford, Connecticut in 1636 and was followed there by the GOODWIN0 brothers.

Figure 18: The 250 ton good ship “Lyon” which conveyed many Puritans from England to the Massachusetts Bay Colony between 1630 and 1632. On November 2,

1632 the “Lyon” ran aground on a shoal four miles from Feak Isle ten leagues north

of Virginia (Chesapeake) Bay and sank the next day on November 3, 1632. News of its sinking reached Boston, Massachusetts on April 10, 1633.

On the [“Lyon” - Voyage # 4”] ship’s 1632 passenger list was a young indentured servant named JOHN WHIPPLE1 (no relation to MATTHEW WHIPPLE SR-1 (ca. 1550 – 1619)) from Bocking, Essex with Dorchester, Massachusetts listed as his destination. He was the only WHIPPLE on the Lyon's passenger list. The only fatality of the [“Lyon’s” - Voyage # 4] 1632 voyage was the ship’s carpenter who fell overboard while caulking a port. It should be noted that there were two immigrants named JOHN WHIPPLE who emigrated from Bocking, Essex, England to New England between 1630 and 1640. The JOHN WHIPPLE1 emigrating in 1632 on the “Lyon” was an unrelated teenager who settled in Dorchester, Massachusetts and was an apprentice to ISRAEL STOUGHTON0. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 138

It would be another six years before Deacon JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) and his older brother, MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 (1588 – 1647), and their families would emigrate from Bocking, England in 1638. [Wreck of the “Lyon”] On the early morning of November 2, 1632, the famous 250 ton passenger ship “Lyon,” with Captain WILLIAM PEIRCE0 (ca. 1591 – 1641) as Master but with a mate at the helm, and with a cargo of beaver pelts and fish, ran aground on a shoal four miles from Feak Isle, ten leagues north of the mouth of the Virginia (Chesapeake) Bay. A total of twenty-eight (28) seamen and ten (10) passengers were onboard. The next day, November 3, 1632, the “Lyon” sank by the ship’s side. Most onboard escaped in the ship’s shallop including Captain WILLIAM PEIRCE0 (1591 – 1641); however, twelve (12) drowned: seven (7) seamen and five (5) passengers. All goods were lost except one hogshead of beaver pelts. News of the sinking reached Boston, Massachusetts on April 10, 1633. Captain WILLIAM PEIRCE0 (1591 – 1641) would replace the “Lyon” with a 60 ton pinnace named the “Rebecca” which was built in Medford, Massachusetts. <<<

In 1632, two years after their arrival in the New World, word still had it in London that the “planters” in New England were starving and about to come home. What principally sustained the colony, however, and indeed brought it prosperity during the first ten years of its existence, was neither fish nor furs nor any other staple, but immigrants. For ten years the activities of King CHARLES I0 (1600 – 1649) and of Archbishop WILLIAM LAUD0 (1573 – 1645) filled the sea- lanes with ships crowding sail for New England. In spite of the woeful tales about the expiring condition of Massachusetts, God's wrath in England seemed to many a more imminent danger. Before CHARLES I0's futile attempt to rule without Parliament ended, an estimated twenty-one thousand Puritan immigrants Figure 19: WILLIAM LAUD0 flooded across the Atlantic Ocean to New England. In (1573 – 1645), Archbishop of the newcomers, the early settlers found a ready Canterbury and the “Father of market for their goods and an economic boom New England.” ensued. <<< 1633: In 1633, Bishop WILLIAM LAUD0 (1573 – 1645) became CHARLES I's Archbishop of Canterbury and immediately declared war upon the Puritans. 1633 was a year Puritans marked by the emigration of seven hundred persons to New England, double the total for the two previous years, thus earning Archbishop WILLIAM LAUD0 (1573 – 1645) the somewhat dubious title of "the father of New England."

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Ipswich, Massachusetts settled: In 1633, Angoam or Agawam (later named Ipswich), Massachusetts was settled by "men of good ranke and quality" led by JOHN WINTHROP JR1 (1606 - 1676) from Groton, Suffolk. Educated at the Bury St. Edmunds Grammar School, and having studied law at Trinity College, Dublin, he came with ten men in March, 1633 to make a “plantation” in Agawam - the best place in the land for cattle and tillage. When first discovered by the English, the land was owned and occupied by a small tribe of Algonquin Indians, whose chief, or sagamore, bore the name of MASCONOMO0, and the place was known as Agawam, “land beneath water (marshes)” per Native Americans, or "The Fishing Station." These aborigines were dressed in skins; they wore a single lock of hair upon the summit of their head; and, with faces rudely painted, made a very grotesque and hideous appearance. They frequently engaged in war with tribes in the vicinity, but thanks to MASSASOIT0 (1580 – 1661), the Great Sachem of the Wampanoag Nation, they were kindly disposed towards the English settlers.67 Sadly, fifteen years before, the plague, most likely brought to them by European explorers, had decimated the Indian population of the region. On the whole, the men from East Anglia who migrated to towns such as Charlestown, Watertown, Cambridge, and Ipswich appear to have been from the middle or lower classes in their native region. However, the leaders of these New England towns had been fairly prominent back home, according to English indicators of wealth and local position. The wealth of East Anglians was revealed in indirect ways, for example: (1) English lay subsidy tax rolls lists names of men who later would be prominent in town affairs in Watertown or Ipswich including: SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665) of Boxted, Essex and MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 (1588 – 1647) of Bocking, Essex; (2) Two men were indicted and appeared before court for breaking into future emigrant *GREGORY STONE0's (1592 – 1672) house and stealing the sizeable sum of 86 pounds in money.68 Thus, the settlers of Ipswich were men of intelligence, and of sterling virtue. They were of "good rank & quality, many of them having had considerable revenue from lands in England before they emigrated."69 Ipswich would soon become the second largest settlement in the colony and would continue to attract men of character. For example, many of the emigrants from Boxted, Essex first came to Charlestown, Cambridge, and Watertown but soon found their way to Ipswich, Massachusetts. As a result, in the early days of Ipswich, Massachusetts, twenty percent (20%) of its population either emigrated from or were descended from Puritan emigrants from Boxted, Essex, England.

1634: Many Ipswich, Suffolk men, migrated to Massachusetts Bay in 1634, four years after the major Puritan group that emigrated from England and settled in Watertown, Massachusetts.70 In February, 1634, eleven ships were preparing for departure from Ipswich, Suffolk, England for the Massachusetts Bay. The Archbishop of Canterbury was

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informed that onboard these ships were “debtors” or “persons disaffected with the established Church of England.” Stopped from departure in early February, on February 28, 1634 they were finally given permission to depart for the Massachusetts Bay under the condition that all passengers took the “Oath of Supremacy and Allegiance.” The masters of these ships had to purchase bonds to assure that their passengers take the oath and provide certificates substantiating that they are in compliance with this requirement prior to embarkation. Two ships intending to sail from Ipswich, Suffolk, England in February or March, 1634 are known. The “Elizabeth,” WILLIAM ANDREWS0, Master, and the “Francis,” JOHN CUTTING0, Master, with sixty men in each, sailed for New England on or about March 10, 1634. They arrived in Massachusetts Bay, either Plymouth or Boston, on May 30, 1634 or early June, 1634. Upon their return to England, on November 12, 1634, the ship masters, WILLIAM ANDREWS0 and JOHN CUTTING0, both of Ipswich, Suffolk, England, petitioned to be released from bonds of presentation of certificates. Apparently denied, on January 21, 1635, they brought lists of all the passengers that emigrated in their ships in the spring of 1634 with certificates of their having taken the “Oath of Supremacy and Allegiance.”

Table 20: 1634 Passenger Lists Ship Departure / Passengers Arrival Information Hercules Departure: 1. John Anthony0 (1607 – 1675), of (200 ton barque of March 24, 1634 - Hempstead, (near London), or Sandwich, London, England; Middlesex, England; “indentured England) April 18, 1634 – servant”; settled Portsmouth, R.I. John Kiddy Southampton, (married Susanna Potter (Kiddey)0, Master England. (Anthony)0 (1623 - ? ), daughter of (see Note 1) Arrival: Late May or George Thomas Potter-1 (1584 – early June – 1630) and sister of Robert Potter0 Massachusetts Bay. (1608 – 1655), the “religious dissenter.”) Elizabeth Departure: 1. Richard Kimball0 (ca. 1595 – (of Ipswich, March 10, 1634 or 1675), of Rattlesden, Suffolk, Suffolk, England) April 10, 1634 – England; settled first in Watertown Ipswich, Suffolk, and then Ipswich, Massachusetts. William England. 2. Wife: Ursula Scott Kimball0 Andrews0, Master 3. Dau.: Abigail Kimball (Severance)1 – 16 yrs. 4. Son: Henry Kimball1 – 15 yrs. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 141

Arrival: 5. Dau.: Elizabeth Kimball (Lord)1 May 30, 1634 or – 13 yrs. June, 1634 – Boston, 6. Son: Richard Kimball Jr1 Massachusetts. – 11 yrs. 7. Dau.: Mary Kimball (Dutch)1 (60 passengers) – 9 yrs. 8. Dau.: Martha Kimball (Fowler)1 – 5 yrs. 9. Son: John Kimball1 – 3 yrs. 10. Son: Thomas Kimball1 – 1 yr. Unknown. Departure: Three “Potter” Brothers (see Note 2) March 10, 1634 or 1. Robert Potter0 (1608 – 1655) of April, 1634 from London, England; the infamous Ipswich, Suffolk, “religious dissenter” who settled England. Warwick, R.I. 2. George Potter II0 (1618 – 1640) of Arrival: London, England; settled May 30, 1634 or Portsmouth, R.I. June, 1634 – 3. Nathaniel Potter0 (1622 – 1643) of probably Boston, London, England; settled Massachusetts. Portsmouth, R.I. Non-Conforming Minister 4. Master Nathaniel Ward0 (1578 – 1652) of Stondon Massey, England; settled Ipswich, Massachusetts. Mary & John Departure: Shortly 1. John Anthony0 ( ? - ? ) after March 24, 1634 2. Sgt. Richard Jacob0 Robert Sayres from London or (ca. 1620 – 1672), (Sayers)0, Master Southampton, Yeoman. England. (Settled in Ipswich, Massachusetts.) Arrival: New England in June, 1634. Notes: (1) A JOHN ANTHONY0 was listed as a passenger on the “Mary & John,” ROBERT SAYRES (SAYERS)0 , Master, which departed Southampton or London, England about March 24/26, 1634 and arrived probably in late May or early June in Massachusetts Bay. He was possibly the JOHN ANTHONY0 (1607 – 1675) who immigrated from Hampstead, England to Portsmouth, Rhode Island.

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(2) The Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652) and the three POTTER brothers that sailed to Massachusetts Bay with him in the spring of 1634 have not been found on any passenger lists. Some ship’s passenger lists of that period no longer exist. In addition, those passenger lists that have survived were sometimes incomplete. It is known that at least fourteen (14) great ships sailed from England in March or April, 1634 and arrived at Boston and Salem, Massachusetts during the late spring or summer of 1634; twelve (12) are known: (1) “Hercules,” (2) “Elizabeth,” (3) “Francis,” (4) “Clement & John,” (5) “Reformation,” (6) “True Love,” (7) “Elizabeth Bonadventure,” (8) “Sea Flower, (9) “Mary & John,” (10) “Planter,” (11) “Elizabeth & Dorcas,” and (12) “Neptune.” Fairly complete passenger lists for the first three, i.e. (1) “Hercules,” John Kiddy (Kiddey)0, Master, (2) “Elizabeth,” William Andrews0, Master, and (3) “Francis,” John Cutting, Master, do not include the Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652) or any of the three POTTER brothers. They may have sailed on one of the other ships listed above. <<<

Immigration of Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652): In April, 1634, Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652), leaving the rectorship of Stondon Massey, Essex, England, embarked on an unknown ship at Ipswich, Suffolk County, England for New England. He arrived in Massachusetts in June or July, 1634. Brothers ROBERT POTTER0 (1610 – 1653), the “religious dissenter and agitator”, GEORGE POTTER JR0 (1618 – 1640), and NATHANIEL POTTER0 (ca. 1622 – 1643), sons of GEORGE THOMAS POTTER-1 (1584 – 1618) and MARTHA (?) POTTER (POTTER)-1 (1584/85 - ? ), of London, Middlesex County, England, came on the same ship (name unknown) with the Master NATHANIEL WARD0. While the Master NATHANIEL WARD0 settled in Ipswich, Massachusetts, the three POTTER brothers would settle in Portsmouth, Rhode Island where they were “admitted as inhabitants of the island called Aqueeneck (Aquidneck, Rhode Island) in July, 1638.” Brothers ROBERT POTTER0, GEORGE POTTER JR0, and NATHANIEL POTTER0 acquired adjoining land and lived next to each other in Portsmouth, north of Newport, Rhode Island. In 1641, ROBERT POTTER0 (1610 – 1653) and other like-minded religious disturbers founded Shawomut, now Warwick, Rhode Island. <<<

Ipswich, Massachusetts: In 1634, Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 - 1652) and his friends arrived in Agawam (Aggawam) and ordered the name changed to “Ipswich,” after the town of the same name in England, in acknowledgement of the great honour and kindness done to our people who took shipping there and because of the resemblance to the territory near old Ipswich on the river Orwell.71 An act of incorporation was secured on August 4, 1634 under the name of Ipswich. By December,

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1634, a church was organized in Ipswich, it being the tenth established ("gathered", the term usually employed) in New England, and the testy Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652) became the first regular pastor from 1634 to 1638.72 That first winter in New England the Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652) resided in the house of JOHN WINTHROP JR1 (1606 -1676). The name Ipswich has a couple of derivations. One derivation is that the name Ipswich is Saxon in honor of the Saxon queen “Eba,” called “Eba’s wych,” that is, “Eba’s house,” hence Yppyswich or Ipswich. Another derivation is “Gippewich,” meaning “little city.” Ipswich was then the most remote and isolated settlement in Massachusetts Bay. In 1630, some people who attempted to settle there had been ordered by the Court to remove themselves, as their situation was supposed to be too dangerous. Salem was the nearest settlement. Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652), like many Puritans and especially those of Ipswich, was an outspoken man. He was older than JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 - 1649) and had behind him ten years of legal training and practice in London, ten years on the Continent, and ten years as rector of Stondon-Massey in Essex.73 He came to Ipswich, Massachusetts at the age of fifty-five in 1634, served as pastor for four years, and then resigned because of ill health but for ten years continued to reside in Ipswich where there was a remarkably cultivated society for a frontier town. Master NATHANIEL WARD0 would, twelve years later in December, 1646, return to England (Shenfield, Essex), his homeland explaining "No man ought to forsake his own country, but upon extraordinary cause, and when that cause ceaseth, he is bound in conscience to return if he can."74

Massachusetts Bay Colony: In 1634 a smallpox and influenza epidemic ravaged the Massachusetts Bay Colony and was particularly devastating for the Native Americans. <<<

Ipswich, Massachusetts: After just one year in the New World, MARTHA FONES WINTHROP1 (ca. 1611 – 1634) and her baby died in August or early September, 1634 in Ipswich, Massachusetts and were the first to be buried in Ipswich's "Old Burying Ground." There were no cemetery markers at that time or they were constructed of wood and have long disappeared, so the exact location of their graves is unknown. Soon after his wife and baby died, JOHN WINTHROP JR1 (1606 -1676) returned to England, to the great distress of his friends and neighbors.75 However, he would remain in England only a short time and return to New England in 1635. He soon experimented with a salt-works near Ipswich, Massachusetts and by the summer of 1641 began an ironworks where he endeavored for much of the 1640s in an attempt to make it profitable. He was the best beloved man among the founders of New England.

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In 1634 CHARLES I0 (1600 – 1649) created the Commission for Regulating Plantations, composed of Privy Councilors and headed by Archbishop WILLIAM LAUD0 (1573 – 1645), with the purpose of retrieving the Bay Colony’s charter. In Massachusetts, the General Court reacted to the threat in a Puritan way. It drew up plans for an army to resist any attempted invasion, and at the same time set out to remove those sins that had apparently provoked God’s wrath. Costly apparel and all “ostentatious clothing” such as lace, girdles and beaver hats were judged “prejudicial to the general good” and forbidden to be worn. The use of tobacco was prohibited in public. A “day of fasting and prayer” was ordered, during which the commonwealth would ask for God’s forgiveness. In 1634 Ipswich, Massachusetts, the love of fine clothes was so notorious that the General Court ordered that the ordinary wearing of any apparel with silver, gold, or silk or thread was prohibited under penalty of the forfeiture of such clothes. <<<

1635: The Good Ship “Increase” of London, England: The good ship “Increase” of London, with Captain ROBERT LEA0, Master, left London, England on April 15, 1635, and arrived at Boston the end of July, 1635 [Public Record Office MSS., and Drake: Founders, 20, 22, 24, 25, 26.]. Some notable passengers were: (1) [Emigration of 9X Great Grandfather *SAMUEL MORSE-1 (1585 – 1654) and His Family] 9X Great Grandfather *SAMUEL MORSE-1 (1585 – 1654), 50 years of age, and his wife, 9X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH JASPER MORSE-1 (1579/80 - 1655), 48 years of age, with some of their younger children were passengers on the good ship “Increase” of London on April 15, 1635 with Watertown, Massachusetts as their destination. Staying in Watertown, Massachusetts just one year, 9X Great Grandfather *SAMUEL MORSE-1 (1585 – 1654) moved his family to Dedham, Massachusetts in 1636 and about 1650 they moved again, this time to nearby Medfield, Massachusetts where he and two of his sons were of the thirteen (13) first families of Medfield. 9X Great Grandfather *SAMUEL MORSE-1 (1585 – 1654) was born on June 12, 1585 in Boxted, Essex, England. He was the son of 10X Great Grandfather Master *THOMAS MORSE JR-2 (before 1551 – ca. 1597) and 10X Great Grandmother *MARGARET KING MORSE-2 (ca. 1552 – 1585) of Boxted, Essex, England. Master *THOMAS MORSE JR-2 (before 1551 – ca. Parishes of Master 1597) was minister at Boxted, Essex, England *Thomas Morse Jr from 1573 to 1578, at Hiderclay, Suffolk in 1583, and at Foxearth, Essex in 1594 until his death in 1597. Master *THOMAS MORSE JR-2 (before 1551 – ca. 1597) made his Last Will & Testament on November 10, 1596 which was proved on April 28, 1597 at Foxearth, Essex, England. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 145

Table 21: The *MORSE-GRANT-WARE-WIGHT- POTTER Pedigree. Gen Name Spouse -4 *ROBERT MORSE-4 *AGNES (?) MORSE-4 - Husbandman. (ca. 1498 – ca. 1579) (ca. 1500 – after Oct. 5, 1551/52) Born: ca. 1498 – Stoke-by-Nayland, Born: ca. 1500 – Stoke-by-Nayland, Suffolk, England. Suffolk, England. Married: ca. 1515 – possibly Stoke- Married: ca. 1515 – possibly Stoke- by-Nayland, Suffolk, Eng. by-Nayland, Suffolk, Eng. Resided at: Stoke-by-Nayland, Resided at: Stoke-by-Nayland, Suffolk, England. Suffolk, England. Children (8): 4 sons and 4 daughters. Children (8): 4 sons and 4 daughters. Died: ca. 1579 at Stoke-by-Nayland, Last Will: dated October 5, 1551 and Suffolk, England. proved September 15, 1552. Buried: January 17, 1578/79 – Stoke- Died: after October 5, 1551/52 at by-Nayland, Suffolk, Stoke-by-Nayland, Suffolk, England. England. -3 *THOMAS MORSE-3 – Reverend. *AGNES (?) MORSE-3 (before 1519 – 1567) (ca. 1520 – 1574) Born: before 1519 – Stoke-by- Born: ca. 1520 – Stoke-by-Nayland, Nayland, Suffolk, England. Suffolk, England. Married: unknown – Stoke-by- Married: unknown – Stoke-by- Nayland, Suffolk, England. Nayland, Suffolk, England. Children (6): 5 sons and 1 daughter. Children (6): 5 sons and 1 daughter. Died: February, 1566/67 – Stoke-by- Died: 1574 – Stoke-by-Nayland, Nayland, Suffolk, England. Suffolk, England. Buried: February 17, 1566/67 – Buried: April 5, 1574 – Stoke-by- Stoke-by-Nayland, Suffolk, Nayland, Suffolk, England. England. -2 *THOMAS MORSE JR.-2 *MARGARET KING MORSE-2 – Reverend. (ca. 1552 – 1585) (before 1551 – before March 10, Born: ca. 1552 – Boxted, Essex, Eng. 1596/97) Married: May 26, 1573 – Boxted, Born: before 1551 – Stoke-by- Essex, England. Nayland, Suffolk, England. Children (10): 9 sons and 1 daughter. Married: May 26, 1573 – Boxted, Died: July 28, 1585 – Hinderclay, Essex, England. Essex, England. Children (10): 9 sons and 1 daughter. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 146

Died: before March 10, 1596/97 – Foxearth, Essex, England. Last Will: dated Nov. 10, 1596; proved on April 28, 1597. -1 *SAMUEL MORSE-1 *ELIZABETH JASPER MORSE-1 (1585 – 1654) (1579/80 – 1655) Born: June 12, 1585 – Boxted, Born: January 30, 1579/80 – Essex, England. Redgrave, Suffolk, England. Baptized: July 25, 1587 – Dedham, Daughter of: England. *LANCELOT JASPER-2 Married: June 29, 1602 – Redgrave, (ca. 1550 – 1616/17) and Suffolk, England. *ROSE SHEPARD JASPER-2 Children (13): 7 sons and (1549 - 1625) of Redgrave, 6 daughters. Suffolk, England. Emigrated: April 15, 1635 on the Married: June 29, 1602 – Redgrave, good ship “Increase.” Suffolk, England. Died: December 5, 1654 – Medfield, Children (13): 7 sons and Massachusetts. 6 daughters. Died: June 20, 1655 – Medfield, MA. 0 *JOHN MORSE0 (1611 – 1657) *ANNAS (ANNIS or AGNES) Born: 1611 – (?) England. CHICKERING MORSE0 Married: (?) - Dedham, (1613 – 1693) Massachusetts. Born: 1613 – Bramfield, Suffolk, Children (10): 5 sons and England; 5 daughters. Daughter of: Death: November 16, 1657 – *FRANCIS CHICKERING-1 probably Dedham, (1602 – 1658) and his Massachusetts. 2nd wife (unknown). Married: (?) - Dedham, MA. Children (10): 5 sons and 5 daughters. Died: Sept. 1, 1693 – Dedham, MA. 1 *JOSEPH MORSE1 (1641 – 1689) *PRISCILLA COLBURN Born: February 20, 1641 – probably MORSE1 ( ? - ? ) Dedham, Massachusetts. Born: (?) Massachusetts. Married: November 12, 1668 – (?) Daughter of: Massachusetts. *NATHANIEL COLBURN0 Children (10): 7 sons and (1615 - 1691) and 3 daughters. *PRISCILLA CLARK Resided at: Dedham, Medfield, and COLBURN0 (ca. 1613 - 1692). Sherborn, Massachusetts. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 147

Death: 1689 – (?) Massachusetts. Married: November 12, 1668 – (?) Massachusetts. Children (10): 7 sons and 3 daughters. Resided at: Dedham, Medfield, and Sherborn, Massachusetts. Died: (?) probably at Dedham, MA. 2 *PRISCILLA MORSE GRANT2 *BENJAMIN GRANT2 (1675 – 1754) (1641 - 1726) Born: May 9, 1675 – Watertown, Born: September 6, 1641 – Massachusetts. Watertown, Massachusetts. Married: September 14, 1692 – Son of: Medfield, Massachusetts; *CHRISTOPHER GRANT1 2nd wife of: (1608 - 1685) and *SARAH (?) nd *BENJAMIN GRANT2. or *MARY (?) GRANT1, his 2 Children (13): 5 sons and wife. 8 daughters. Married: September 14, 1692 – Died: May 23, 1754 – Wrentham, Medfield, Massachusetts. Massachusetts. Children (13): 5 sons and 8 daughters. Died: September 11, 1726 – Old Lyme, Connecticut. 3 *PRISCILLA GRANT WARE3 *NATHANIEL WARE3 (1701 – 1788) (1697 - 1781) Born: December 20, 1701 – Born: August 6, 1697 – Wrentham, Wrentham, Massachusetts. Massachusetts. Married: March 25, 1726 – Married: March 25, 1726 – Wrentham, Massachusetts. Wrentham, Massachusetts. Children (9): 5 sons and 4 daughters. Children (9): 5 sons and 4 daughters. Died: May 3, 1788 – Wrentham, Died: March 4, 1781 – Wrentham, Massachusetts. Massachusetts. Buried: Wrentham Center Cemetery. Buried: Wrentham Center Cemetery. 4 *ABIGAIL WARE WIGHT4 *JOSEPH WIGHT SR4 (1740 – 1799) (1729 – 1804) Born: December 15, 1740 – Born: December 19/29, 1729 – Wrentham, Massachusetts. Wrentham, Massachusetts. Married: June 9, 1763 – Wrentham, Occupation: tailor and shoemaker. Massachusetts. Married 2nd: June 9, 1763 – 2nd wife of: Wrentham, Massachusetts. st *JOSEPH WIGHT SR4. Children (11): 1 son by 1 wife and 5 sons and 5 daughters by 2nd wife. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 148

Children (10): 5 sons and Revolutionary War Veteran: 5 daughters. Wrentham, Massachusetts Unit. Resided at: Wrentham, MA. and Resided at: Wrentham, Massachusetts Otisfield, Maine. and Otisfield, Maine. Died: March 29, 1799 at 58 years of Died: October 20, 1804 at 74 years of age – Otisfield, Maine. age – Otisfield, Maine. Buried: Bell Hill Cemetery, Buried: Bell Hill Cemetery, Otisfield, Otisfield, Maine. Maine. 5 *NATHAN WIGHT5 *ABIGAIL HANCOCK WIGHT5 (1773 – 1824) (1775/6 – 1824) Born: October 23, 1773 – Born: 1775/76 – Wrentham, MA. Wrentham, Massachusetts. Daughter of: Lieutenant *JOSEPH Occupation: Farmer and blacksmith HANCOCK4 (1740 - 1815) and of nails and house hardware. *JERUSHA WHITING Married: May, 1798 – Otisfield, HANCOCK4 (ca. 1742 - 1831) Maine. of Wrentham, Massachusetts. Children (11): 5 sons and Married: May, 1798 – Otisfield, ME. 6 daughters. Children (11): 5 sons and Resided at: Wrentham, MA. and 6 daughters. Otisfield, Maine. Resided at: Wrentham, Massachusetts Died: July 22, 1824 at 50 years and and Otisfield, Maine. 9 months of age at Otisfield, Died: February 25, 1824 at 48 years Maine. of age at Otisfield, Maine. Buried: Wight Family Cemetery, Buried: Wight Family Cemetery, SR 121, Otisfield, Maine. SR 121, Otisfield, Maine. 6 *ABIGAIL (ABBIE) HANCOCK *GILBERT POTTER6 WIGHT POTTER6 (1817 – 1851) (1811 – 1862) – 1st wife. Born: August 31, 1811 – Bridgton, Born: December 26, 1817 – Maine. Otisfield, Maine. Married 1st: February 2, 1841 – Married: February 2, 1841 – Windham Hill, Maine. Windham Hill, Maine. Children: (4): 4 sons including twins. Children (4): 4 sons including twins. Resided at: Windham, Brownfield, Resided at: Windham, Brownfield, and Otisfield, Maine, and and Otisfield, Maine. Brandon and Sanders Creek Died: October 8, 1851 at 33 years, near Braxton, Mississippi. 9 mos. and 11 days – Died: August, 1862 – Sanders Creek Windham, Maine. near Braxton, Mississippi. Buried: Wight Family Cemetery, Buried: Sanders Creek near Braxton, SR 121, Otisfield, Maine. Mississippi.

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[Note: *ABIGAIL (ABBIE) [Note: *GILBERT POTTER6’s nd HANCOCK WIGHT POTTER6 (1811 – 1862) 2 wife was (1817 – 1851) was sick just one REBECCA GRIFFITH CROWDER week and died of typhoid fever.] AMMONS POTTER6 (1818 – 1909) of Simpson County, Mississippi.]

(2) WILLIAM POTTER1 (ca. 1610 - 1654), Age 25, (relation unknown) was 76 also listed as a passenger on the good ship "Increase," with ROBERT LEA1, Master, sailing from London, England in April, 1635. He was bound for Roxbury but settled in Braintree, Massachusetts. He named no children in his 1654 Last Will & Testament and apparently had no descendants.77 (3) WILLIAM PAYNE0 (1598 – 1660), Age 37, also sailed on the good ship “Increase” from London in April, 1635 with his wife and five children. He initially settled in Watertown, Massachusetts where he was the principal owner of mills (corn mill and later a fulling mill) in Watertown, the first milling enterprise in New England. In 1639, he moved to Ipswich, Massachusetts where he played a major role in the town’s development and growth. (4) [Emigration of Brothers SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665) and *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672)] It was reported, possibly incorrectly, that Uncle SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665), age 50, a husbandman (farmer) of Bromley Magna (Great Bromley), Essex, his first wife, Aunt JOAN CLARKE STONE0 (1596 – before 1654), age 38, daughter of Mr. WILLIAM CLARKE-1 (1566 – ? ) of Great Bromley, Essex, England, and his family (shown below) were listed as passengers on the good ship “Increase” of London on April 15, 1635 with Watertown, Massachusetts also noted as their destination:

Table 22: The SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665) Family of Boxted, Essex, England - listed (possibly incorrectly) as passengers on the good ship “Increase” departing London on April 15, 1635. They actually departed from Harwich, Essex on an unknown ship. Name Age SIMON STONE0 (Uncle) 50 yrs. st 1. Mrs. JOAN (CLARKE) STONE0 (1 wife) 38 yrs. a. FRANCES STONE (GREEN)1 16 yrs. b. ANNE STONE (JONES)1 11 yrs. c. SIMON STONE JR1 4 yrs. d. MARY (MARIE) STONE1 3 yrs. e. JOHN STONE1 5 weeks

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However, later research has disproved that they sailed on the good ship “Increase” from London and that they actually sailed from Harwich, Essex, England, but the name of their ship is unknown. [Note: It is possible that they sailed from Harwich, Essex to London on one ship and then sailed from London on the good ship “Increase” to New England as reported. Further research is required.] It is believed that Uncle SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665) and his family departed Boxted, Essex in April, 1635, and probably joined his brothers, step-brother JOHN STONE0 (1573 - ? ) and 8X Great Grandfather *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) with their families, and a group of other Puritans at the port of Harwich, Essex where they boarded a ship, name unknown, bound for the Massachusetts Colony in New England. In 1635, Uncle SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665), his first wife Aunt JOAN CLARKE STONE0 (1596 – before 1654), and their family settled in Watertown, Massachusetts where her father, Mr. WILLIAM CLARKE-1 (1566 – ? ), had settled five years earlier in 1630 and had become a “Freeman” of Watertown in May, 1631. Uncle SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665) became a prominent real estate owner and built a large old-fashioned, colonial-style, house on his fifty (50) acre homestead in Watertown, Massachusetts which was bounded on the south by the Charles River and lay on the south side of the present Mount Auburn Cemetery and probably included part of the lands in that beautiful cemetery. His estate in Watertown was just on the boundary line between Watertown and Cambridge, Massachusetts. His large house served as a home for his descendants for six (6) generations but was finally destroyed by fire. Before 1654, Uncle SIMON STONE0’s first wife, Aunt JOAN CLARKE STONE0 (1596 – before 1654), died there on his Watertown, Massachusetts estate. <<< [LUMPKIN Family of Boxted, Essex, England] In 1654, Uncle Deacon SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665) married his second wife, Aunt SARAH BAKER LUMPKIN (STONE)-1 (ca. 1587 – 1663), widow of RICHARD LUMPKIN-1 (1582 - 1642) of Boxted, Essex, England and Ipswich, Massachusetts. Uncle SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665) had met Aunt SARAH BAKER LUMPKIN (STONE)-1 (ca. 1587 – 1663) many years earlier in Boxted, England. After their marriage in 1654, Uncle Deacon SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665) and Aunt SARAH BAKER LUMPKIN STONE-1 (ca. 1587 – 1663) initially lived in Watertown, then for some time in Ipswich. On June 12, 1660 Aunt SARAH BAKER LUMPKIN STONE-1 (ca. 1587 – 1663) sold for 30 pounds about seventy (70) acres of land at Pye Brook near the Ipswich/Topsfield boundary (on Haverhill Road (Route #97) bounded on the north and northeast by “Hood’s Pond” and on the east by common land of Ipswich) that the town of Ipswich had granted to RICHARD LUMPKIN-1 (1582 - 1642), her now deceased husband. She apparently moved back to Watertown before July, 1663; for in July, 1663 Aunt SARAH BAKER LUMPKIN STONE-1 (ca. 1587 – 1663) died in Watertown, Massachusetts.

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RICHARD LUMPKIN-1 (1582 – 1642) was a Boxted, Essex farmer who lived at “Parsonage Farm” on Church Street in Boxted. He had married Aunt SARAH BAKER (LUMPKIN) (STONE)-1 (ca. 1587 - 1663) at “St. Peter’s Church” in Boxted on October 20, 1624. Master GEORGE PHILLIPS-1 (1592 – 1644) presided at their wedding. They emigrated from Boxted, Essex to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1637 and settled in Ipswich, Massachusetts where they owned a house lot on Mill Street and 158 acres of land. [WARNER Family of Boxted, Essex, England] RICHARD LUMPKIN-1 (1582 – 1642), farmer and innkeeper, and WILLIAM WARNER-1 (1585 – 1648), “weaver,” were the closest of friends in Boxted, Essex, England. They emigrated together in 1637 and both settled with their families in Ipswich, Massachusetts. When the land in Ipswich was divided, farmer and innkeeper RICHARD LUMPKIN-1 (1582 – 1642), took the Mill Street house lot next to his best friend, weaver WILLIAM WARNER-1 (1585 – 1648), and also farmed 97 acres of WILLIAM WARNER-1’s land. RICHARD LUMPKIN-1 (1582 – 1642) was one of the earliest innkeepers in Ipswich, Massachusetts. An inventory of his estate was filed on November 23, 1642. Aunt SARAH BAKER LUMPKIN (STONE)-1 (ca. 1587 - 1663) was the older sister of ABIGAIL BAKER WARNER-1 (1590 – before 1637), the wife of WILLIAM WARNER-1 (1585 – 1648), which explains the closeness between the WARNER and LUMPKIN families of Boxted, Essex, England and Ipswich, Massachusetts. Aunt SARAH BAKER LUMPKIN STONE-1 (ca. 1587 - 1663) and ABIGAIL BAKER WARNER-1 (1590 – before 1637) were the daughters of JOHN BAKER-2 (1560/1570 – 1590) of Bewdley, Worcestershire, England. The “wealthy weaver” WILLIAM WARNER-1 (1585 – 1648) was born on March 10, 1585 in Boxted, Essex, England. He was the son of SAMUEL WARNER-2 (1560 - 1642) and MARY DOWNING WARNER-2 (1566 - ? ) who married in 1579 in Boxted, Essex, England. In 1611 WILLIAM WARNER-1 (1585 – 1648) married ABIGAIL BAKER (WARNER)-1 (1590 – before 1637), the daughter of JOHN BAKER-2, in Boxted, Essex, England. She was born in 1590 in Epping, Essex, England. With his two sons, JOHN WARNER0 (1616 – 1692) and DANIEL WARNER0 (ca. 1618 – 1688), and married daughter, ABIGAIL WARNER WELLS0 (1614 – 1671), WILLIAM WARNER-1 (1585 – 1648) left his home in Boxted, Essex, England known as “Merrylees Cottage” and immigrated to Ipswich, Massachusetts in 1637 on a ship unknown. No doubt the WILLIAM WARNER-1 (1585 – 1648) family was influenced to emigrate by their popular and most inspirational vicar, the Reverend GEORGE PHILLIPS0 (1592 – 1644) of “St. Peter’s Church” in Boxted, Essex, England who had emigrated seven years earlier in 1630. The WARNER family had delayed their departure from England for many years because of the ill health of Mr. WILLIAM WARNER-1’s wife, ABIGAIL BAKER WARNER-1 (1590 – before 1637), who probably died before

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1637, the year WILLIAM WARNER-1 (1585 – 1648) with his two sons and daughter finally emigrated to the Massachusetts Bay Colony. On July 23, 1630 ABIGAIL WARNER (WELLS)0 (1614 – 1671), had married Deacon THOMAS WELLS JR0 (1605 – 1666), a husbandman by trade, of Great Horkesley, Essex, England, which is located just 3 miles north of Colchester, in St. Botolph’s Church in Colchester, Essex, England. When her husband Deacon THOMAS WELLS JR0 (1605 – 1666) immigrated to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1635, she remained behind in England to nurse her sick mother, ABIGAIL BAKER WARNER-1 (1590 – before 1637). It is believed ABIGAIL BAKER WARNER-1 (1590 – before 1637), died between 1635 and 1637 in England and never emigrated. However, some genealogists have reported that she died on November 1, 1659 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. Most likely she died in England and then her daughter, ABIGAIL WARNER WELLS0 (1614 – 1671), immigrated in 1637 to the Massachusetts Bay Colony where she was re-united with her husband, Deacon THOMAS WELLS JR0 (1605 – 1666), in Ipswich, Massachusetts. The WARNER and WELLS families undoubtedly knew each other very well in Boxted, Great Horkesley, and Colchester, Essex, England long before they immigrated to the Massachusetts Bay Colony. [WELLS Family of London, England] In mid-May 1635 Deacon THOMAS WELLS JR0 (1605 – 1666), age 30 years, Roll #32, sailed on the good ship “Susan & Ellin,” with EDWARD PAYNE0, Master, from London, England. He was born on December 11, 1605 in Great Horkesley, 3 miles north of Colchester, Essex, England. Accompanying him was the much younger, 20-year old, ANN WELLS0 (ca. 1615 – ? ), Roll #51, relationship unknown. She may have been his young sister or cousin. Some genealogists have conjectured that she may have been his sick first wife who sadly died soon after their arrival in Massachusetts Bay, and that, about 1637 he married his second wife, ABIGAIL WARNER (WELLS)0 (1614 – 1671), daughter of the well-to-do WILLIAM WARNER-1 (1585 – 1648) in Ipswich, Massachusetts. Deacon THOMAS WELLS JR0 (1605 – 1666) died on October 26, 1666 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. Aunt ABIGAIL WELLS POTTER2 (1662 – ca. 1700) was the Granddaughter of Deacon THOMAS WELLS JR0 (1605 – 1666) and ABIGAIL WARNER WELLS0 (1614 – 1671). She was the daughter of NATHANIEL WELLS1 (ca. 1636 – 1681) and LYDIA THURLEY WELLS (EMERSON)1 (1636 – ca. 1700) who married May 9, 1661 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. Aunt ABIGAIL WELLS POTTER2 (1662 – ca. 1700) was the first wife of Uncle EDMUND POTTER2 (1654 – 1702), son of *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690). <<<

[BARTHOLOMEW Family of Boxted, Essex, England] Emigrating with the LUMPKIN and WARNER families from Boxted, Essex, England in 1637 was WILLIAM BARTHOLOMEW0, a farm laborer, and his wife, ANN STONE BARTHOLOMEW0, sister of SIMON STONE0 (1586 - 1665) and GREGORY CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 153

STONE0 (1592 – 1672). They settled in Ipswich, Massachusetts where he probably worked the farms of RICHARD LUMPKIN0 (1582 – 1642) and WILLIAM WARNER-1 (1585 – 1648). Upon arrival in Ipswich, Massachusetts in 1637, the wealthy weaver WILLIAM WARNER-1 (1585 – 1648) received the following grant of land: “One house lot, one acre more or less, (on Baker’s Lane) in the Mill Street bounded on the east by another house lot as yet ungranted, on the northwest by a highway leading from Mill Street to the High Street, butting upon Mill Street at the southwest end, and at the north end, butting upon the swamp. Also a planting lot of six (6) acres more or less, having on the North side a planting (lot) of THOMAS RAWLINSON’s, on the Southwest a planting lot of MARK QUILTER’s, butting at the Southeast end upon the Town River, at the Northwest end upon a swamp. Also a farm of ninety-seven (97) acres more or less, meadow and upland (on the Topsfield Road some distance from the center of Ipswich), having on the East Mr. APPLETON’s farm, on the Southwest the land of JOHN PROCTOR, at the Northwest end butting upon the Town River, at the Southeast end upon the way leading to Mr. SALTINSTALL’s farm. Also a parcel of meadow, lying in the west meadows, being fourteen acres more or less, having on the Southeast the great hill called Captain Turner’s Hill, bounded on the North by certain land lying between that and Turkey Hill butting at the West end upon a parcel of meadow granted to THEOPHILUS WILSON, at East end upon a meadow granted to THOMAS WELLS (husbandman), to enjoy the said lands, to him, his heirs and assigns forever.” WILLIAM WARNER-1 (1585 – 1648) was known as a “planter” and was made a “freeman” of Ipswich, Massachusetts on May 2, 1638. He and his family were spoken of as “people of consideration.” Soon after her 1654 marriage to Uncle SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665), on November 10, 1654, Aunt SARAH BAKER LUMPKIN STONE-1 (ca. 1587 - 1663) deeded to DANIEL WARNER0 (ca. 1618 – 1688), son of WILLIAM WARNER-1 (1585 – 1648), her Mill Street house lot and 158 acres of land in Ipswich, Massachusetts. This underscores the close relationship between Aunt SARAH BAKER LUMPKIN STONE-1 (ca. 1587 - 1663) and the WARNER family of Ipswich, Massachusetts. Uncle SIMON STONE0’s younger brother, 8X Great Grandfather Deacon 78 *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672), also emigrated with his family (shown below) from England to Watertown in 1635 where he took the Freeman's oath in 1636 and then moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1638.79 It is believed that 8X Great Grandfather Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) was a follower of Master THOMAS SHEPARD0 (1605 – 1649) who became the pastor of the Cambridge, Massachusetts church from 1635 until his death on August 28, 1649. Master THOMAS SHEPARD0 (1605 – 1649), emigrating from Ipswich, Suffolk, with his company of followers, sailed from London onboard the good ship “Defence” on August 10, 1635 and arrived in Boston, Massachusetts on October 3, 1635. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 154

Table 23: The 8X Great Grandfather *Deacon GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) Family of Nayland, Suffolk, England – who emigrated in April, 1635 probably with his older brother on a ship (name unknown) from Harwich, Essex, England. Name Age Mother *GREGORY STONE0 – Deacon. 43 yrs. a. JOHN STONE1 17 yrs. MARGARET GARRAD0 b. DANIEL STONE1 15 yrs. MARGARET GARRAD0 c. DAVID STONE1 13 yrs. MARGARET GARRAD0 Mrs. *LYDIA (?) COOPER STONE0 37 yrs. (2nd wife) d. JOHN COOPER JR1 (stepson) 17 yrs. *LYDIA (?) COOPER0 e. LYDIA COOPER (FISKE)1 15 yrs? *LYDIA (?) COOPER0 (stepdaughter) f. *ELIZABETH STONE (POTTER)1 6 yrs. *LYDIA (?) COOPER0 g. SAMUEL STONE1 4 yrs. *LYDIA (?) COOPER0 h. SARAH STONE (MERRIAM)1 2 yrs. *LYDIA (?) COOPER0 Notes: (1) One source reported that JOHN COOPER JR1 (1618 – 1691) came to New England on the good ship “Defence” in 1635 with his mother, sister, and step- father. However, none of them are shown on the official, though possibly incomplete, passenger list of the “Defence.” But there was a smaller ship, name unknown, that accompanied the “Defence” on its summer, 1635 voyage. Maybe they were on this ship. The “Defence” and the other unknown ship sailed from London on August 10, 1635 and arrived in Boston, Massachusetts on October 8, 1635. Master THOMAS SHEPARD0 (1605 – 1649), with his company of followers, also sailed on the “Defence” during this voyage and settled in Cambridge, Massachusetts where he became pastor. (2) In 1657 JOHN COOPER JR1 (1618 – 1691) built a house on Linnaean Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

St. Peter’s Church, Boxted, Essex, England.

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Table 24: The Uncle SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665) Family of Boxted, Essex, England - who emigrated in April, 1635 on a ship (name unknown) from Harwich, Essex, England. Name Age SIMON STONE0 (Uncle) 50 yrs. st 1. Mrs. JOAN (CLARKE) STONE0 (1 wife) 38 yrs. a. FRANCES STONE (GREEN)1 16 yrs. b. ANNE STONE (JONES)1 11 yrs. c. SIMON STONE JR1 4 yrs. d. MARY (MARIE) STONE1 3 yrs. e. JOHN STONE1 5 weeks

In addition, JOHN STONE0 (1573 - ? ), the older step-brother of Uncle SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665) and 8X Great Grandfather Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672), and his family also sailed with them in April, 1635 to Massachusetts. He initially settled in Watertown, Massachusetts and then became one of the early settlers of Guilford, Connecticut (?) in 1639. He married SARAH (?) STONE0. <<< [The Good Ship “Planter” of London, England]: The good ship “Planter,” a small barque, with NICHOLAS TRARICE, Master, sailed from London, England on April 11, 1635 and arrived in Boston, Massachusetts on June 7, 1635. Included on its “April 2, 1635 Passenger List” were a number of notable passengers who settled in Ipswich, Massachusetts: (1) [Emigration of the wealthy mercer/draper Mr. JOHN TUTTLE0 (ca. 1596 – 1656) and His Family] The wealthy mercer/draper Mr. JOHN TUTTLE0 (ca. 1596 – 1656) and his family emigrated from St. Albans, Hertfordshire, England on the good ship “Planter” in 1635. JOHANA TUTTLE (BISHOP) (PICKARD) (POTTER) (WHIPPLE)2 (1664 – 1764), second wife of Uncle EDMUND POTTER2 (1654/55 – 1702), was his granddaughter who would be born on September 24, 1664 at “Comfort Hill Farm” on the Rowley Road (now High Street) in Ipswich, Massachusetts. <<< (2) [Emigration of WILLIAM FELLOWS1 (1609 – 1676)] WILLIAM FELLOWS1 (1609 – 1676) was born in 1609 in Foxton, Leicestershire, England. He was baptized on October 22, 1609 in Selston, Nottinghamshire, England. Before he emigrated in April, 1635 he swore an “Oath of Supremacy and Allegiance” and obtained a certificate of conformity from the rector of St. Albans, Hertfordshire, England. Listed on the good ship “Planter’s” manifest [Date of Record: April 1, 1635; Roll Entry # 44; listed from St. Albans, Hertfordshire, England to Ipswich, Massachusetts] as WILLIAM FELLOE1, age 24, shoemaker; WILLIAM FELLOWS1 (1609 – 1676) departed London, England on the good ship “Planter” of London, with NICHOLAS (TRERICE) TRAVICE1, Master, on April 11 or 15, 1635 and arrived in Boston, Massachusetts on Sunday, June 7, CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 156

1635. He married MARY AYERS (AYRES) (FELLOWS)1 (ca. 1607/1611 – ca. 1702), daughter of JOHN AYRES0 (1582 - ? ) and HANNAH EVERED AYRES0, in England, probably in Leicestershire, before he immigrated, though she is not listed on the good ship “Planter’s” manifest. Some genealogical records state that he probably immigrated with his wife and eldest son, ISAAC FELLOWS2, on the good ship “Planter.” They settled in Ipswich, Massachusetts as early as January 26, 1639, the first record of their presence there. Of the 118 passengers listed with them on the good ship “Planter” in 1635, at least eight other families settled in Ipswich, Massachusetts. Uncle JOHN “The Cooper” POTTER2 (1652 – 1718) would marry his first wife, Aunt SARAH FELLOWS (POTTER)2 (1657 - 1693), the daughter of the immigrant WILLIAM FELLOWS1 (1609 – 1676) and MARY AYERS (AYRES) FELLOWS1 (ca. 1607/11 – 1692) in 1677 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. They lived in Ipswich and had two children between 1680 and 1685. Aunt SARAH FELLOWS POTTER2 (1657 - 1693) was born on July 26, 1657 in Ipswich, Massachusetts and died there on February 8, 1693.

Table 25: Notable passengers on the good ship “Planter” which sailed from London, England on April 11, 1635 and landed in Boston, Massachusetts on June 7, 1635. All listed below swore an “Oath of Supremacy and Allegiance” and obtained a certificate of conformity from the rector of St. Albans, Hertfordshire, England. [passenger list is dated April 2, 1635]. Roll Name Age Relationship and No. Comments 11 Mr. JOHN TUTTLE0 (ca. 1596 – 39 Head of household; wealthy 1656), born ca. 1596 in mercer/draper and constable Northamptonshire, England. from St. Albans, Hertfordshire, England. 12 JOAN(NA) ANTROBUS 42 Wife; JOHN TUTTLE0 (ca. LAWRENCE TUTTLE0 (ca. 1592 1596 – 1656) was her second – after January 29, 1660/61). husband whom she married Baptized June 25, 1592 at St. Albans, between 1626 and 1628 in St. Hertfordshire, England; widow of Albans, Hertfordshire, England. THOMAS LAWRENCE0 (1588/89 – 1624/25) of St. Albans, Hertfordshire, England, whom she married there on October 23, 1609. 17 JOHN LAWRENCE1 (ca. 1618 - ? ) 17 Stepson. 18 WILLIAM LAWRENCE1 12 Stepson. (ca. 1623 - ? ) CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 157

19 MARY LAWRENCE1 9 Stepdaughter. (ca. 1626 - ? ) 13 ABIGAIL TUTTLE (MEADER)1 6 Daughter. (1628 - ? ) 14 SIMON TUTTLE1 (1630/31 – 1692), 4 Son; he was the father of Aunt settled at “Comfort Hill Farm” in JOHANA TUTTLE (BISHOP) Ipswich, Massachusetts. (PICKARD) (POTTER) (WHIPPLE)2 (1664 – 1764) 15 SARAH TUTTLE (MARTIN)1 2 Daughter. (1633 - ? ) 16 JOHN TUTTLE1 (ca. 1634 - ? ) – 1 Son. Ensign. 20 JOAN ARNOLD ANTROBUS-1 65 Mother-in-law; widow of Mrs. (ca. 1570 – ca. 1635/36) WALTER ANTROBUS-1 and mother of JOAN(NA) ANTROBUS LAWRENCE TUTTLE0 (ca. 1592 – after January 29, 1660/61). 23 NATHAN HAFORD (HEFORD)1 16 Servant of Mr. JOHN TUTTLE0 (ca. 1596 – 1656). 44 WILLIAM FELLOE (FELLOWS)1 24 Shoemaker of St. Albans, (1609 – 1676) Hertfordshire, England. He was - father-in-law of Uncle the father of SARAH JOHN “the cooper” POTTER2 FELLOWS POTTER2 (1657 - (1652 – 1718). 1693), the first wife of Uncle JOHN “the cooper” POTTER2 (1652 – 1718). Notes: (1) A “mercer” is a merchant or trader who deals in textiles (mercery). A “draper” is a retailer or wholesaler of cloth mainly used for clothing. (2) Inspired by a group of disheartened colonists from New Haven, Connecticut who were negotiating for the purchase of a city (Galloway) in northern Ireland for a future home, Mr. JOHN TUTTLE0 (ca. 1596 – 1656) emigrated from the Massachusetts Bay Colony about 1651 with his youngest daughter, HANNAH TUTTLE1 (ca. 1636 - ? ), and established himself advantageously at Carrickfergus in County Antrim in northern Ireland which is only 11 miles from Belfast. Five years later he died at Carrickfergus, Ireland on December 30, 1656. His wife, JOAN(NA) ANTROBUS LAWRENCE TUTTLE0 (ca. 1592 – after January 29, 1660/61), followed them to Carrickfergus in northern Ireland in 1654.

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During the great “Irish Rebellion of 1641,” Carrickfergus, became a refuge for fleeing Protestants and in 1642 was the base from which the counter attack and subsequent massacre of Catholics at Islandmagee was launched. The war between the Protestants and Catholics continued until the 1650s when OLIVER CROMWELL’s New Model Army defeated the Irish Catholics and Royalists, and reconquered the country.

Boston, Massachusetts: VINCENT POTTER1 (ca. 1614 - ? ), “Gentleman,” age 21, (relation unknown) was listed as a passenger on the good ship "Elizabeth and Anne"80 in 1635 bound for Boston, Massachusetts. His title, “Gentleman,” indicates that he came from a very wealthy and connected English family. The good ship "Elizabeth and Anne", with ROBERT (ROGER) COOPER0, Master, sailed from London about the middle of May, 1635; she arrived at Boston in mid-summer with one hundred and two (102) passengers. In 1636, VINCENT POTTER1 (ca. 1614 - ? ) was a soldier at “the Castle” also known as “Fort William,” “Castle William,” or “the fort on Castle Island” at the inner entrance to Boston Harbor and today part of South Boston. He would remain in the Massachusetts Bay Colony only a short time from 1635 to 1639. While in the Massachusetts Bay Colony he placed apprentices with new masters in 1639 before his return to England the same year. In 1648 he would be appointed a commissioner for the treason and murder trial of King CHARLES I. In 1660, he was convicted as a regicide for his participation in the trial and sentencing of CHARLES I, his estates were confiscated, and he was imprisoned but was later released.81

Table 26: POTTERs known to have emigrated from England to Massachusetts Bay in 1635. No. Name Age Ship Roll # 1 WILLIAM POTTER1 27 Abigail 126 (ca. 1608 – 1662) Robert Hackwell, Master [Note: died in June, 1662 at Departed: New Haven, Connecticut; may London in April or July, 1635. have followed JOHN Arrived: WINTHROP JR1 (1606 – Massachusetts Bay on 1676) to Connecticut.] October 8, 1635. 2 FRANCES POTTER1 26 Abigail 127 (ca. 1609 - ? ) wife of: Robert Hackwell, Master WILLIAM POTTER1 Departed: (ca. 1608 – 1662; they had London in April or July, 1635. one son and four daughters. Arrived: Massachusetts Bay on October 8, 1635.

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3 JOSEPH POTTER2 4 Abigail 128 (ca. 1634 - ? ) mos Robert Hackwell, Master son of WILLIAM POTTER1 Departed: (ca. 1608 – 1662). London in April or July, 1635. Arrived: Massachusetts Bay on October 8, 1635. 4 VINCENT POTTER1 (ca. 21 Elizabeth & Ann 63 1614 - ? ) “Gentleman”; Robert or Roger Cooper settled Boston, Massachusetts; (Cowper), Master returned to England in 1639; Departed: “Commissioner” for trial of London, England in May, 1635; King CHARLES I; convicted Arrived: as a “Regicide.” Massachusetts Bay in July, 1635. 5 WILLIAM POTTER1 25 Increase 76 (ca. 1610 - 1654) Robert Lea, Master settled in Braintree, Departed: Massachusetts; no London, England in known children. April, 1635; Arrived: Massachusetts Bay in late May or June, 1635. Notes: (1) Also on the “Abigail” in 1635 were: (a) JOHN WINTHROP JR1 (1606 – 1676) Age 27, Roll #169, (b) ELIZABETH READE WINTHROP1 (1615 – 1672) Age 19, Roll #170; nd 2 wife of JOHN WINTHROP JR1 (1606 – 1676), and (c) DEANE WINTHROP2 (1623 – 1704) Age 11, Roll # 171, younger brother of JOHN WINTHROP JR1 (1606 – 1676). (2) JOHN WINTHROP JR1 (1606 – 1676) first immigrated to Massachusetts Bay in 1631, returned to England in 1634, and then in 1635 went back to New England where he became Governor of Connecticut.

[The Great Colonial Hurricane of 1635] A fleet of five ships of the “Great Puritan Migration” found themselves in trouble as they arrived on the northern coast of New England in August, 1635. “The Great Colonial Hurricane of 1635,” a Category 3 hurricane packing 130 mph winds, was bearing down on them. The “Elizabeth” (“Bess”), “Mary,” and “Diligence,” the three smaller and faster ships, managed to outrun the storm north to Newfoundland where they found safe harbor on August 15, 1635. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 160

The 220-ton “James,” JOHN TAYLOR1, Master, with 100 passengers including Reverend RICHARD MATHER0 (1596 – 1669) and his terrified family rode out the storm off the New England coast just off the Isles of Shoals; with shredded sails, and by the Grace of God, the battered ship finally limped into Boston, Massachusetts with no lost souls. The 240-ton “Angel Gabriel” with heavy armament of 16 guns did not fare as well. On August 15, 1635 the “Angel Gabriel,” ROBERT ANDREWS1, Master, which had sailed from Bristol, England, sank off of Pemaquid Point, Maine (Massachusetts at that time) with the loss of most cattle and goods, one seaman, and three or four passengers. Fortunately, most of the passengers including 17-year old “Shipwreck JOHN TUTTLE1” (ca. 1618 - 1663) had been put ashore just before the storm arrived. “Shipwreck JOHN TUTTLE1” (ca. 1618 - 1663), the son of RICHARD TOTHILL0 and ELIZABETH ATTWELL TOTHILL0, from Devonshire, England was one of the lucky passengers of the good ship “Angel Gabriel” who survived and settled first in Chebacco Parish, Ipswich, Massachusetts and finally Dover Neck, New Hampshire. Any connection, if any, to our family’s JOHN TUTTLE0 (ca. 1596 – 1656), the wealthy mercer/draper, who landed with his family in Massachusetts two months earlier on June 7, 1635 is unknown. The wealthy mercer/draper Mr. JOHN TUTTLE0 (ca. 1596 – 1656) and his family emigrated from St. Albans, Hertfordshire, England on the good ship “Planter” also in 1635. <<<

1636: Watertown and Cambridge, Massachusetts: Uncle SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665), 8X Great Grandfather *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) and RICHARD KIMBALL0 (ca. 1595 – 1675) were in the list of 120 townsmen inhabiting Watertown, Massachusetts in 1636. Brothers SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665) and *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) initially were settlers of Watertown, Massachusetts where they took the “Freeman's Oath” on May 25, 1636 and were “Grantees of the First Division of Land” 82 there on July 25, 1636. 8X Great Grandfather GREGORY STONE0 drew Watertown Lot #18 of forty acres in the first division. On February 28, 1637 he drew Lot #54 of ten acres of the “Beverbroke Planes” plow lands and on June 26, 1637 he drew Lot #78 of ten acres of the “Remote or Westpine Meadows.” On September 21, 1637 *GREGORY STONE0 purchased a homestead in Newtowne (Cambridge), Massachusetts consisting of a house and five acres of land (on Garden Street opposite Shepard Street). He was very prosperous and built a fine home there. By the end of 1637 GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) moved and settled in Cambridge (then called Newtowne), Massachusetts, only a little more than a mile distant from his older brother, SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665), whose farm and orchard in Watertown was just on the boundary line between Watertown and Cambridge. 8X Great Grandfather GREGORY STONE0’s (1592 – 1672) home in Cambridge, Massachusetts was located on Garden Street opposite Shepard Street near the CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 161

historic “Longfellow Mansion” at 105 Brattle Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It was under the elm, the “Stone Elm,” before the Longfellow Mansion that General GEORGE WASHINGTON (1732 – 1799) took command of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War. The Longfellow Mansion also served as General GEORGE WASHINGTON’s headquarters during the “Siege of Boston.” The Stone Elm was still standing in 1883. The Longfellow Mansion was eventually purchased by Harvard College and became the site of the Harvard Observatory. On September 30, 1639, 8X Great Grandfather GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) sold his Watertown lands (house, house lot, and four other lots of land in Watertown) to NATHANIEL SPARHAWK0 (1598 – 1647), the father of ANNE (ANNA) SPARHAWK COOPER CONVERSE1 (1623 – ca. 1717) who was the wife of JOHN COOPER JR1 (1618 – 1691), GREGORY STONE0’s stepson. NATHANIEL SPARHAWK0 (1598 – 1647) was the real estate agent for THOMAS BOYLSTON0, a “cloth-worker” in London, whose son THOMAS BOYLSTON JR1 soon came from England and settled on these Watertown lands purchased by NATHANIEL SPARHAWK0 (1598 – 1647) for him. NATHANIEL SPARHAWK0 (1598 – 1647) amassed a fortune in real estate in Cambridge, Watertown, and Brighton, Massachusetts. By the time of his untimely death in 1647 he owned over 1,000 prime acres. 8X Great Grandfather GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) was also granted 3,000 acres of land in the vicinity of Lincoln near Lexington, Massachusetts. He undoubtedly was very wealthy. <<<

Freemanship: In early colonial days, none but “Freemen” were allowed to vote in civil affairs, or hold office; and in the early years of the colony, none but members of the church could be made “Freemen.” Thus, “Freemanship” in the early theocratic colony depended upon membership in the town church. The "Freemen" or "Shareholders of the Company" assembled four times a year in a "Great and General Court" to elect all officers and pass all ordinances and laws. They granted lands to incoming bands of settlers and erected town boundaries. They voted taxes, banished from the colony those they deemed unfit, and sat as judges on criminal matters. At that time, all settlers, “Freemen” and “Non-Freemen” alike, were required to take an oath of loyalty to the Massachusetts government. The Ipswich Town Record for December 2, 1679 lists fifty- one year old *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) as one of 125 "Freemen" that by law were allowed to vote in Towne affairs.83 Once a year, at one of these courts, they would elect a governor, a deputy governor, and eighteen assistants for the coming year to manage affairs between meetings of the General Court. <<<

Commonage: It was customary at that time to set aside a part of the town's property for use by everybody. This common property was known as "common lands," or "commons." The right of "commonage," or use of such lands, was granted to settlers by the Freemen as their circumstances might require. Those villagers granted "commonage" were entitled CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 162

to graze their cattle, sheep, and hogs on the town's "commons." These animals were not indigenous to America; the settlers had to bring them over from England. "Boston Common" is probably the most well known of these "common lands." The Common of the Town of Ipswich was located on the south side of the Ipswich River near the South Village Green. Known as "the Ancient Inner Common of the South Eighth," this great area of Common Lands was located on the east side of the Bay Road (now County Road) just southeast of the South Village Green not far from *ANTHONY POTTER1's Poplar Street farm. The Ipswich Town Record for February 13, 1678 lists forty-nine year old *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) as one of 224 "Commoners" having the "Right of Commonage", according to the law and order of the Towne.84

Ipswich, Massachusetts: The Master NATHANIEL ROGERS0 (1598 – 1655) of Bocking, Essex (ca. 1626 – 1631) and, then, Assington, Suffolk (1631 – 1636), and his family immigrated to Ipswich, Massachusetts in 1636.85

VOYAGE ACROSS THE ATLANTIC 1636: Most probably, 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) emigrated to the New World a year or more before finally settling in Ipswich, Massachusetts in 1637 when he was mentioned in the New World for the first time.86 Most likely *ANTHONY POTTER1 emigrated in 1636 or 1637 when he was either eight or nine years of age. Apparently he emigrated before his future father-in-law, and possibly stepfather or uncle, JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), who made the Atlantic crossing with his family in 1638. Since the evidence indicates they did not emigrate together in the same year, this supports the supposition that JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) was probably his “uncle” and not his “step-father.” However, since the evidence is thin, it is still possible that they did emigrate together. [Note: It is unlikely that *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) emigrated alone, unaccompanied by other family members. These passenger lists were copies of often incomplete notes made by Customs officials on the docks without reference to connecting family groups. Children are separated from their parents in numerous cases, wives and husbands officially divided, while their kinsmen and servants are similarly dislocated.87] [Emigration of SIMON STACY0 and ELIZABETH CLARKE STACY0 in 1636] Another immigration possibility is that when *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) was eight (8) years old, he emigrated with his possible Uncle SIMON STACY0 (1597 - 1644) and possible Aunt ELIZABETH CLARKE STACY0 (1602 - 1669) who left Bocking, Essex, England with their six children born in Bocking, Essex, England for Ipswich, Massachusetts in 1636. They were no doubt part of the Bocking congregation inspired by their earlier minister, the Master NATHANIEL ROGERS0 (1598 – 1655), emigrating in 1636. SIMON STACY0 (1597 – 1644) became a “proprietor” of Ipswich, Massachusetts in 1637. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 163

Possible Uncle SIMON STACY0 (1597 – 1644) and possible Aunt ELIZABETH CLARKE (CLERKE) STACY0 (1602 – 1669) were married in 1620 (marriage certificate dated November 6, 1620) in Theydon Mount, Essex, England probably in “St. Michael’s Church.” (image at left). They had at least seven (7) children who are listed in the following table:

Figure 20: “St. Michael’s Church” in the village of Theydon Mount, Essex, England.

Table 27: The Children of Uncle SIMON STACY0 (1597 – 1644) and Aunt ELIZABETH CLARKE (CLERKE) STACY0 (1602 – 1669) of Theydon Garnon and Bocking, Essex, England, and Ipswich, Massachusetts. No. Name 1 THOMAS STACY1 (1622/ca. 1630 – 1689/90) Born: 1622 or ca. 1630, Bocking, Essex, England Married: October 4, 1653, Ipswich, Massachusetts Died: 1689 or July 23, 1690, Salem, Massachusetts Wife: SUSANNA WORCESTER STACY1

2 ELIZABETH STACY ADAMS1 (1624 – 1655) Born: 1624, Bocking, Essex, England Married: ca. 1649, Salisbury, Massachusetts Died: April 2, 1655, Salisbury, Massachusetts Husband: WILLIAM ADAMS JR1

3 SARAH STACY BUSWELL1 (1627 – 1708/9) Born: 1627, Bocking, Essex, England Married: ca. 1647, Salisbury, Massachusetts Died: March 5, 1708/9, Salisbury, Massachusetts Husband: Captain WILLIAM BUSWELL1

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4 SUSANNA STACY FRENCH1 (1628/29 – 1687/8) Born: 1628/29, Bocking, Essex, England Married: ca. 1654, Salisbury, Massachusetts Died: February 16, 1687/8, Salisbury, Massachusetts Husband: JOSEPH FRENCH1 5 ANN STACY1 (1633 – 1681/82) – spinster Born: 1633, Bocking, Essex, England Married: never Died: February 21, 1681/82, Ipswich, Massachusetts 6 SIMON STACY JR1 (1636 – 1699) – Captain Born: 1636, Bocking, Essex, England Married: April 19, 1659, Ipswich, Massachusetts Died: October 27, 1699, Ipswich, Massachusetts; Last Will: proved December 4, 1699. Wife: SARAH WALLIS STACY1 ( ? - 1711) – Died November 20, 1711. 7 MARY STACY MEARS FITCH1 (1639 – 1681/2) Born: 1639, Ipswich, Massachusetts Married: (1) before 1665, Boston, Massachusetts; (2) unknown. Died: February 13, 1681/2, Salisbury, Massachusetts Husbands: (1) SAMUEL MEARS1 (2) (?) FITCH1 Notes: 1. Some genealogists report that they had another son named DANIEL STACY1 (ca. 1640 - ? ) who was born about 1640 in Bocking, Essex, England. 2. SIMON STACY0 (1597 – 1644) was the son of THOMAS STACE-1 (ca. 1560 - ? ) of Epping, Essex, England who married about 1584.

The children of possible Uncle SIMON STACY0 (1597 – 1644) and possible Aunt ELIZABETH CLARKE (CLERKE) STACY0 (1602 – 1669) were “first cousins” of JOHN WHIPPLE0’s and SUSANNA CLARKE (CLERKE) WHIPPLE0’s children. ANN STACY1’s (1633 – 1682) Last Will & Testament dated February 13, 1681/82 appoints her cozen (cousin) Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) executor. Another possibility is that *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) emigrated before 1637, probably in 1636, when he was eight (8) years old without his parents or possibly without any relatives since there is no definite mention and no definitive records of his emigration to the New World. We must conclude that he was not brought by his parents and that he was transported under the protection of some other adult. What were the circumstances? Was he the son of a small, family farmer or weaver of East Anglia who, during CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 165

the depression of the 1630s, could not provide for him and sent him to the New World where he might fare better? Was young *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) transported under the protection of Master NATHANIEL ROGERS0 (1598 – 1655), or someone else as his guardian, until they found him a home in the New World? Did something happen to his parents to orphan him? Did his parents succumb to any one of the deadly diseases of the time – the plague (widespread in England from 1633 – 1638; London and other cities were especially hit hard by the plague in 1636 and 1637), smallpox (Lavenham, Suffolk, an East Anglian cloth town, 1635), the great infection (Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, 1637), or malnutrition resulting from food shortages caused by the disastrous harvests of the time? Did his parents send him to the New World to escape any one of these deadly diseases? [Emigrating Clergy] Was young *ANTHONY POTTER1 a member of one of the flocks that followed their charismatic minister to the New World? Was he a member of the Boxted congregation of the Master GEORGE PHILLIPS0 (1592 – 1644) (emigrating 1630), who lived near Groton and accompanied JOHN WINTHROP0 to New England, or the Stondon Massey congregation of the Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (emigrating 1634), or more probably, the Bocking congregation of the Master NATHANIEL ROGERS0 (1598 – 1655) emigrating in 1636? JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), his brother, and their families emigrated from Bocking in 1638, two years after their favorite minister, the Master NATHANIEL ROGERS0, and one year after *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) is mentioned in the New World for the first time, i.e. 1637 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. Did *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) emigrate when six years old with the Master NATHANIEL WARD0 in 1634 or when eight years old with the Master NATHANIEL ROGERS0 in 1636? Possibly young *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) emigrated with Master NATHANIEL ROGERS0 (1598 – 1655), his Uncle SIMON STACY0 (1597 – 1644) and Aunt ELIZABETH CLARKE STACY0 (1602 – 1669) to New England in 1636. We find them all in Ipswich, Massachusetts in 1637. In 1638 Master NATHANIEL th ROGERS0 (1598 – 1655) was ordained on February 20 (1638) as Pastor of the Ipswich church and had gathered his followers there. Later that year, in the summer or fall of 1638, the JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) family finally arrived in Ipswich, Massachusetts and had a joyous reunion with their old minister, East Anglian friends, and relatives, especially their nephew, *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) whom they may have invited to live with them. An important part of child-rearing in East Anglia and brought to Massachusetts by the Puritans was the custom called “sending out” or “binding out.” Parents routinely sent away their youngsters usually at puberty to be raised in other homes sometimes exchanging children of the same age from other families. Children were consulted in a choice of a home but often were compelled to go against their will. Children “put out” for their health tended to go at an exceptionally early age. Puritans CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 166

often used this practice to place a child close to a school, to prepare him for a calling, to remove him from a pestered place, or to put him in an intact family after the loss of a parent or parents. A child was thought to learn better manners and behavior in another home. Was young *ANTHONY POTTER1 “sent out” as was the custom in East Anglia? A third of New England children left home to lodge elsewhwere, usually as servants or apprentices, often as early as age six. The servant had no contract; the apprentice typically served seven (7) years. As a result, most New England households of that time included several unrelated adolescents. Was young eight (8) or nine (9) year old *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) an apprentice (probably too young) or one of the many poor children taken to the New World as an indentured servant? Often sponsors paid the passage of those who could not pay their own way. It was generally possible to find someone who would pay the fare of the skilled but poor, and give them bed and board for a specified number of years in return for their services. Settlers who could afford it carried a number of these servants with them, and some of the most essential craftsmen were doubtless transported at the company’s expense. JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649) himself brought at least four entire families and probably more as part of his own household. We may never know the circumstances and whether or not *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) was rich or poor when he sailed from England. Most likely he was brought to the New World by a relative. However, we do know that *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) would marry into two of the wealthiest families of good rank in Massachusetts, would become a landholder and successful farmer (“cultivator of fruit”) in Ipswich, Massachusetts and soon find wealth in the New World. No doubt, to begin his journey (circa 1632 or 1636?), under unknown circumstances, young *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) bade farewell to his family (possibly in Bocking, Essex?) and found his way probably to London, England where he bravely embarked for ten or eleven storm-tossed weeks on the crowded decks of a small sailing vessel which took him across the three thousand perilous miles that lay between the continents. At that period the passenger ships to New England were on average about 200 tons and the voyage from London to Boston required about eleven weeks. Two to three months of heavy seas in the cold North Atlantic and a spare diet would try even the best of the Puritan emigrants. His voyage would probably take him via the Scilly Isles southwest to the Azores and then due west to Nova Scotia, sighting land first off Cape Sable, three days across the Gulf of Maine, and finally Boston Harbor. *ANTHONY POTTER1 and his fellow passengers probably disembarked at Boston’s bustling, cluttered landing place and picked their way through the dirty streets. The squalor of the place was enough to make them quail, but they reminded themselves that this was holy ground where they might worship God without bishops or kings or Romanizing ritual. This thought would also strengthen their resolution for the difficult days ahead. He probably spent a year or more in the Boston area at Dorchester,

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Charlestown and/or Watertown prior to his master’s, guardian’s, or family’s choice of Ipswich as his new home in the wilderness.<<<

New England: By 1636, the peace in the Colony had been disturbed by the Indians whose resentment had been steadily increasing as the newcomers (the English) usurped their lands and forests. In 1636, the “Pequot Indians” of Connecticut killed yet another Englishman that soon would lead to a punitive expedition against them.

1637: Massachusetts and Plymouth Colonies: By the beginning of 1637, the colony was divided into two hostile Puritan camps, the one centering in Boston, the other spread out around it, each constantly sniping at the other. In January 1637 the General Court ordered a fast, so that the people might mourn their dissensions.

Table 28: 1637 Passenger Lists Ship Departure / Passengers Arrival Information “John & Dorothy” Boarded: 1. *MICHAEL METCALF SR0 William April, 1637 – Great (1586 – 1664) - 9X Great Andrews0, Master, Yarmouth, Norfolk Grandfather at 45 years of age; from Ipswich, County, England. weaver of Norwich, Norfolk County, England; Departure: England; destination: Dedham. accompanied by April 15, 1637 – a. Wife: 9X Great Grandmother the Ipswich, Suffolk *SARAH ELLWYN (ELWYN) “Rose” County, England. METCALF0 (1593 – 1644) at William Andrews Arrival: 39 years of age. Jr0, Master, from June 8, 1637 – b. Nine (9) children: Ipswich, England. Boston, (1) MARY (MARCY) METCALF Massachusetts. (WILSON)1 (1619 - ? ) at [Note: Both ships’ 19 years of age. passenger lists were [Note: Settled in (2) *MICHAEL METCALF JR1 recorded together; Dedham, (1620 – 1654) at 17 years of age; one source states Massachusetts; 8X Great Grandfather; that they sailed on some descendants (3) JOHN METCALF1 the “Rose”; both later moved to West (1622 – 1675) at 15 years of age; ships carried 57 Wrentham, (4) SARAH METCALF (ONION)1 passengers each.] Massachusetts.] (1624 - ? ) at 13 years of age;

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(5) ELIZABETH METCALF (BANCROFT)1 (1626 - ? ) at 11 years of age; (6) MARTHA METCALF (BRIGNALL) (SMITH) (STOW)1 (1628 - ? ) at 9 years of age; (7) THOMAS METCALF1 (1629 – 1702) at 7 years of age; (8) JANE METCALF (WALKER)1 (1632 - ? ) at 5 years of age; (9) REBEKA (REBECCA) METCALF (MACKINTOSH)1 (1635 - ? ) at 2 years of age. c. THOMAS COMBERBACH1 – 16 year old servant. “Speedwell” Departure: 1. JOHN DEANE0, elder brother of ROBERT About April 22, 8X Great Grandfather CORBIN0, 1637 (the date fee *WALTER DEANE0 (1612 – Master, paid for passage) 1659); destination: Cohannet (62 passengers) from Weymouth, (Taunton), Massachusetts. Dorsetshire, 2. 8X Great Grandfather *WALTER [Accompanied by England. DEANE0 (1612 –1659) from Chard, an unnamed ship a market town some ten miles from with Arrival: Taunton in Somersetshire, England; JOHN DRIVER0, ca. late June, 1637 - destination: Cohannet (Taunton), Master and with Boston, Massachusetts. 112 passengers.] Massachusetts. 3. Six (6) servants of 8X Great Grandfather [In 1635 Master [It is uncertain *WALTER DEANE0 JOHN DRIVER0 which of the two (1612 – 1659). was Master of the ships carried the “Hopewell.”] DEANEs.] “Prosperous” Departure: Carried passengers as well as bullocks April 27, 1637 and heifers for various planters in the Dartmouth, Massachusetts Bay Colony. Devonshire, England. Arrival: ca. late June, 1637 - Massachusetts, Bay. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 169

Unknown Ship Departure: 1. RICHARD LUMPKIN0 1637 – Great (1582 – 1642), farmer. [Note: One of the Yarmouth/Ipswich, a. Wife: SARAH BAKER following four England. LUMPKIN (STONE)0 ships may have (ca. 1587 - 1663) delivered these Arrival: 2. WILLIAM WARNER0 English 1637 – (1585 – 1648), weaver. immigrants to New Massachusetts Bay. a. Son: JOHN WARNER1 England in 1637: (ca. 1616 – 1692). (1) “Hector”, b. Son: DANIEL WARNER1 (2) “John & (1618 – 1688). Dorothy”, c. Daughter: ABIGAIL WARNER (3) “Rose”, and (WELLS)1 (1614 - 1671) (4) “Mary Anne”.] 3. WILLIAM BARTHOLOMEW0, - farm laborer. a. Wife: ANN STONE BARTHOLOMEW0 Note: The “Speedwell,” “Hector,” “John & Dorothy,” and “Rose” were 3-masted sailing vessels known as the “White Sails” which plied the Atlantic during the “Great Puritan Migration” in the 1630s. Notes: (1) 9X Great Grandfather *MICHAEL METCALF SR0 (1586 – 1664), “The Dornix Weaver,” was born on June 17, 1586 in Tatterford Parish in Norfolk County, England. He was baptized there on December 18, 1594. He was the son of the Reverend *LEONARD METCALF-1 (1542 – 1616), the Rector of Tatterford Parish, and *AMY (?) METCALF-1 (ca. 1558 – 1602). He married *SARAH ELLWYN (METCALF)0 (1593 – 1644) on October 13, 1616 in St. Bartholomew’s Parish in Heigham near Norwich, Norfolk County, England. She was the daughter of *THOMAS ELLWYN-1 (1566 – 1648) and *ELIZABETH BENSLEYE ELLWYN-1 (ca. 1570 – ca. 1640) of Wagnham (Heigham) near Norwich, Norfolk County, England who were married in 1592. She was born and baptized the same day on June 17, 1593 in St. Bartholomew Parish Church at Heigham, just inside the ancient west wall of the City of Norwich in Norfolk County, England. 9X Great Grandfather *MICHAEL METCALF SR0 (1586 – 1664) and 9X Great Grandmother *SARAH ELLWYN METCALF0 (1593 – 1644) would have nine (9) children including 8X Great Grandfather *MICHAEL METCALF JR1 (1620 - 1654). 9X Great Grandfather *MICHAEL METCALF SR0 (1586 – 1664) was a very

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wealthy “Dornick (Dornix)” or “Embroidery” weaver and is believed to have employed some hundred or more men in his manufacturing shop or factory in Norwich, Norfolk County, England. “Dornix” or “Dornick” (named after Doornick or Tournay, a city in Flanders, France where it was first made) was a kind of heavy damask of silk, wool, or silk and wool used for carpets, curtains, tapestries, and hangings. A “Damask” is a rich silk fabric with figures woven not printed. A man of prominence in his city and church, and a devout and outspoken Puritan, 9X Great Grandfather *MICHAEL METCALF SR0 (1586 – 1664) lost his property by a “Star Chamber” fine under the Puritan persecution of Bishop MATTHEW WREN-1 (1585 – 1667). Intolerable conditions in England compelled him to first try to emigrate alone to Massachusetts Bay on September 17, 1636 from London; but his ship (name unknown) was driven back by tempestuous North Atlantic weather to Plymouth, England. He returned to his home in Wagnham (Heigham) near Norwich in Norfolk County and quickly gathered his entire family, except his second son, JOSEPH METCALF1 (?), who had already emigrated, and all eleven (11) of them plus a 16 year old servant named THOMAS COMBERBACH1 boarded ship (either the “John & Dorothy” or the “Rose”) in Great Yarmouth in Norfolk County and eventually sailed from Ipswich, Suffolk County, their last port of call in England, on April 15, 1637. They arrived in Massachusetts Bay on June 8, 1637 (“three days before mid-summer” per one source) and settled in Dedham, Massachusetts where *MICHAEL METCALF SR0 (1586 – 1664) was admitted as a “freeman” on July 14, 1637. [One source states that they sailed on the “Rose.”] At Dedham, Massachusetts, 9X Great Grandfather *MICHAEL METCALF SR0 (1586 – 1664) owned clay pits for the new industry of brickmaking and eventually became the schoolmaster of Dedham. His first wife, 9X Great Grandmother *SARAH ELLWYN METCALF0 (1593 – 1644) died on November 30, 1644 in Dedham, Massachusetts. On August 13, 1645, nine months after his first wife died, he married the widow, MARY SOTHBY PIDGE (METCALF)0, in Dedham, Massachusetts but produced no more children. 9X Great Grandfather *MICHAEL METCALF SR0 (1586 – 1664) died on December 24, 1664 and was buried on December 27, 1664 in Dedham, Massachusetts. His Last Will was dated September 15, 1664. Some of his descendants migrated to West Wrentham, Massachusetts. [Pedigree: *METCALF-WARE-HANCOCK-WIGHT-POTTER; see “APPENDIX “E” – Metcalf Pedigree.”] (2) RICHARD LUMPKIN0 (1582 – 1642) was a farmer of “Parsonage Farm” on Church Street in Boxted, Essex, England. He was married to SARAH BAKER (LUMPKIN) (STONE)0 (ca. 1587 – 1663) at “St. Peter’s Church” by the Reverend GEORGE PHILLIPS0 (ca. 1593 – 1644) on October 20, 1614. The LUMPKINs settled in Ipswich, Massachusetts. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 171

(3) SARAH BAKER LUMPKIN (STONE)0 (ca. 1587 – 1663) was the older sister of WILLIAM WARNER0’s (1585 – 1648) wife, ABIGAIL BAKER WARNER0 (1590 – ca. 1635), which accounts for the closeness between the WARNERs and LUMPKINs. After she became the widow of RICHARD LUMPKIN0 (1582 – 1642), she would marry Uncle SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665) of Watertown, MA. in 1654 who was an old acquaintance in Boxted, England and they would live initially in Watertown, then move to Ipswich, Massachusetts, and finally back again to Watertown, Massachusetts.

(4) WILLIAM WARNER0 (1585 – 1648) was born in Great Horkesley, Essex, England which is near Boxted; he was a “weaver” of “Merrylees Cottage” in Boxted, Essex, Massachusetts. He settled in Ipswich, Massachusetts and his family was known as “people of consideration.”

(5) ABIGAIL WARNER (WELLS)1 (1614 – 1671), daughter of WILLIAM WARNER0 (1585 – 1648), married Deacon THOMAS WELLS1 (1605 – 1666) of Great Horkesley, Essex, England on July 23, 1630 at St. Botolph’s Church in Colchester, Essex, England. She remained behind in England to nurse her sick mother while her husband, THOMAS WELLS1 (1605 – 1666), a husbandman by trade, left Boxted, Essex, England in 1635 and sailed on the “Susan and Ellen” to Massachusetts Bay where he settled in Ipswich, Massachusetts.

(6) WILLIAM BARTHOLOMEW0 was a farm laborer of Boxted, Essex, England who had married ANN STONE (BARTHOLOMEW)0, the sister of Uncle SIMON STONE0 (1586 - 1665) and 8X Great Grandfather GREGORY STONE0 (1591 - 1672). He settled in Ipswich, Massachusetts.

(7) ANN STONE BARTHOLOMEW0, wife of WILLIAM BARTHOLOMEW0, was the sister of Uncle SIMON STONE0 (1586 - 1665) and 8X Great Grandfather GREGORY STONE0 (1591 - 1672) of Great Bromley, Essex, England.

(8) A different WILLIAM BARTHOLOMEW II0 (1602/3 – 1680) from Alford, Lincolnshire, England and his sister, Mrs. MARY BARTHOLOMEW0, were listed on the passenger list of the ship “Griffin” which sailed from England on August 1, 1634 and arrived at Boston, Massachusetts on September 18, 1634. Their destination was listed as Ipswich, Massachusetts. The “Griffin” carried 100 passengers and cattle for the plantations. WILLIAM BARTHOLOMEW II0 (1602/3 – 1680) married ANN (ANNA) LORD (BARTHOLOMEW)0 (1604 – 1682), sister of ROBERT LORD0, and lived in Ipswich, Massachusetts. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 172

The Pequot Indian War (1637): The “Pequots” (or Pequods or Grey Fox Indians), an Algonquian tribe, were originally members of the Mohican Federation who lived along the banks of the Hudson River in lower New York State. About 1590, several thousand of the tribe separated from the main band and began a long march in search of another home. By 1630, they controlled eastern Connecticut and menaced British settlements. Troubles with the “Pequots” had broken out as early as 1633, when the Indians had killed eight traders on the Connecticut River. As Europeans arrived in great numbers, demanding and obtaining portions of the Indian lands for their own use, friendly relationships with the Indians in general began to be undermined. The first major conflict was the “Pequot War of 1637.” Militantly opposed to white expansion, the “Pequots” fought alone against the settlers, without Indian allies. In 1633 SASSACUS0 (ca. 1560 – 1637), new sachem of the Pequot Indians, commencing with the murder of the Virginia trader, Captain STONE1, and his crew, began the series of depredations that terminated in the Pequot War. After a number of atrocities by both sides from 1634 to 1636, on May 1, 1637, war was finally declared by the English colonists against the “Pequot Indians.” There were two fortified Pequot villages, one at Mystic and the other at Weinshauks, Connecticut. Ninety men, from the three plantations (i.e. Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Plymouth), were levied for immediate service to attack the “Pequot Indians.” Their fort at Mystic on the Pequot River was the closest and chosen for the attack. The colonists were joined by over 200 Indian allies - Mohicans, River Indians, Niantics, and Narragansetts who were enemies of the “Pequot.” The May 26, 1637 attack on the Pequot fort was a complete surprise and almost 700 Pequot men, women, and children were slaughtered. The Connecticut settlers bore the brunt of the fighting with light casualties and the remaining “Pequots” were finally tracked down, crushed and virtually exterminated. The other Indian tribes were quiet for nearly forty years after this war. For their service in the Pequot War, soldiers from Ipswich, Massachusetts were granted lots abutting the Ipswich River in Ipswich. On June 1, 1648, *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) would purchase a house lot of three acres adjacent to Sergeant RICHARD JACOB0 (ca. 1614 – 1672) in Ipswich. He also would purchase ten acres of land butting on the Ipswich River and lying amongst the lots granted to the Pequot Indian War soldiers, lying between the lots of WILLIAM PRITCHETT JR0 (ca. 1617 – 1675) and Sergeant THOMAS CLARK0 (1605 – 1690), the younger, who was a tanner and operated a tan yard at the foot of Stoney Street (now Summer Street) and Water Street in Ipswich. <<<

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Ecclesiastical Ipswich: When *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) finally left the Boston area for Ipswich in 1637, the roads were then merely Indian trails or bridle paths. As tailor and shoemaker JOHN DANE1 (ca. 1612 – 1684) remarked about his journey to Ipswich in 1638, "There was no path but what the Indians had made. Sometimes I was in it, and sometimes out of it." The land was lovely but savage. The woods abounded with game and a large number of wolves. The early settler never ventured out without a gun in hand in case he might encounter a wolf, for they came daily about the house to kill swine and calves. “Bounties were paid for killing wolves.” The bounty-heads of wolves were nailed to the exterior walls of the meeting house with dark crimson bloodstains below. Getting lost was another common danger, for there were only footpaths through the forest, which lay everywhere within a few hundred feet of a man's door. When he arrived in Ipswich his first sights were probably the dwelling-houses made of wood, with gable roofs, the upper story jutting about one foot over the lower one. They were covered with thatch obtained from the marshes. "The salt marshes with their fine, benty grasse, the faire levels of good meadow, and the open woods where a man could ride freely on horseback" were dimming the memory of the hopyards, pastures, and plowlands of the Stour River valley. In 1637, nine year old *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) is mentioned in the New World for the first time as a settler of ecclesiastical Ipswich, Massachusetts.88 The records do not indicate who brought him and cared for him when he first arrived in Ipswich. However, his closeness to the WHIPPLE family provides the best evidence that Deacon JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) eventually became his guardian even though Ipswich records indicate that Deacon JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) and his family did not arrive in Ipswich, Massachusetts until 1639, two years 89 90 later. One source , possibly correctly, refers to *ANTHONY1 as the "stepson" (or possibly the “adopted son”) of Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) supporting this close relationship. The early history of Ipswich, Massachusetts, seems sometimes hardly more than the history of the church, for all other developments - social, political, and industrial - flowed to and from this central motive during its formative years. These were also *ANTHONY POTTER1's formative years and his life seems to be closely tied to the church and its Puritan leadership. Although no clergyman ever held civil office in seventeenth-century Massachusetts, clerical influence was conspicuous on more than one occasion in reducing the authority of the magistrates and magnifying the liberties of the Freemen. Though the clergy had no political authority of any kind, they did enjoy a very powerful indirect influence and were highly respected by their congregations. The Sabbath custom was to cease all labor every Saturday throughout the year at 3:00 PM in the afternoon. The Puritans then spent the rest of the day in catechizing and preparation for the Sabbath as the ministers directed. In the early days of Ipswich, the

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Reverend Teacher JOHN NORTON0 (1606 – 1663) prepared instruction in the catechism for all including the children and servants each week. Sunday mornings began early with worship in the home followed by the mandatory attendance at the meeting house. The Puritan meetinghouse was fundamentally a lecture room intended for the hearing of the Word. The old days when the preacher was timed by an hour glass, and his salary shortened in proportion to the shortening of the discourse; of deacons and tithing men; of men seated on one side of the center aisle and women on the other, and muskets stacked outside the door; the old days when praying, voting, publishing of marriages, notices of town interest, requests for prayer and expressions of thanksgiving were all carried on in the single building which was town house and meeting house in one; the old days when ministers in bands and gowns, judges in scarlet, prisoners in cuffs and chains, and people in Sunday clothes or weekday ones entered and departed in pursuit of their various business - these days which held the essence of the life of the Ipswich community waxed and waned on this very spot known as the Meeting House Green which still stands upon its summit the "First Church." (See: 1839 image above). In terms of community wealth, population, and commerce within the colony, Ipswich ranked second only to Boston in late 1637 and it remained in that position into the eighteenth century, though by 1750 the town had declined as a major port.91

1638: Massachusetts Bay Colony: The winter of 1637/1638 was especially hard on the Massachusetts Bay Colonists. Snow was eighteen inches deep until the end of March followed by a late April snowfall which delayed the spring plantings. Also, between 3:00 PM and 4:00 PM on June 1, 1638, a great earthquake struck eastern New England with aftershocks for twenty days following. Some interpreted these events as signs of God’s displeasure.

Ministers of Ipswich, Massachusetts: On February 20, 1638, the Master NATHANIEL ROGERS0 (1598 - 1655), eminent as a scholar and a preacher, was ordained pastor of the church (First Congregational) in Ipswich with the Master JOHN NORTON0 (1606 - 1663) continuing to act as colleague.92 [Author's Note: Were young eight (8) year old *ANTHONY POTTER1's (ca. 1628 – 1690) parents so inspired by the charismatic Master NATHANIEL ROGERS0

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(1598 – 1655) to send their son from Bocking, Essex to Ipswich, Massachusetts to follow him just as JOHN DANE1 (ca. 1612 – 1684) was to follow the Master JOHN NORTON0 (1606 – 1663) from Bishop Stortford, Hertfordshire first to Roxbury, Massachusetts and then to Ipswich? JOHN DANE1's parents originally opposed his decision to emigrate but eventually encouraged him. As soon as his parents were able to, 93 they also immigrated to New England. Why didn't *ANTHONY1's parents follow him to the New World? Eight (8) year old *ANTHONY1 was obviously too young to decide to emigrate himself. There must have been some other reason why young *ANTHONY1 left his parents behind. We can only speculate.] The early Puritan churches of Massachusetts Bay had two ministers: the "Preaching Elder" or pastor who took care of the pastoral work in the parish, and the "Teaching Elder" teacher, disciplined and informed by learning, who was supposed to spend most of his time in his study, searching God's truth in the works of the church fathers, the reformers, and above all the Bible in order to rightly interpret the sacred scriptures. Both preached sermons, and both were regarded as equal colleagues. In Puritan New England sermons were preached twice a day on Sundays and another on Thursdays. Also, it was a common custom that daily at ten and four o’clock the church sexton rang the bell sending every man to his prayers. This custom of two preachers stemmed from the Puritans earlier efforts in England to choose their own ministers. Wealthy Puritans often offered to endow a local pulpit if they could choose the minister. If that failed, a lectureship was sometimes established. A “lecturer,” always chosen by the local congregations, gave sermons when the regular service had ended. A “lecturer” in the Church of England was a minister, paid by the parishioners or maintained by endowments left for that purpose, generally to preach or lecture once a week. During the rise of Puritanism in England, many non-conforming Puritan ministers secured these positions. In the early days of the colony, it was not uncommon for small groups to hold weekly meetings for religious discussions in which the sermon of the previous Sunday furnished the starting point. "Lecture Day" would evolve from these meetings. In addition to regular sermons preached by the minister (Preaching Elder), the Puritans listened to discourses on Biblical texts delivered by an assistant minister, or lecturer (Teaching Elder), on days other than Sunday, i.e. "Lecture Day." In 1634 in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Thursday would be appointed the regular market day, which was also set (as had been the practice in England) as the religious “Lecture Day.” Thus, in Boston and Ipswich, “Thursday was Lecture Day.” Most businesses and even the schools remained closed on Thursday mornings so that the pious could attend a lecture at church on some theological subject related to the previous Sunday's sermons. The tradition of celebrating “Thanksgiving” on Thursday was derived from the “Lecture Day” custom.

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The founders of Massachusetts Bay intended to establish a commonwealth where men could lead the good life according to the word of God, as interpreted by themselves. The fundamental conviction, on which the Puritans built their state, their churches, and their daily lives, was namely that God's will could be discovered only through the Bible. The Master JOHN NORTON0 (1606 – 1663), (previously curate in Bishop Stortford, Hertfordshire and High Lever, Essex94 ) Teacher of the Ipswich Church, and the other dominating leaders of the colony came to Massachusetts filled with a sincere conviction that they were chosen leaders, chosen of God to form a refuge for others of their own beliefs. They considered that the revealed word of God in the Bible was a sufficient basis to determine all human policies - administrative, legislative and judicial. They also believed that as the elect of God they themselves were uniquely endowed with infallible ability to interpret Scripture in the correct meaning. Their followers were expected to accept this superiority of theirs and be governed by their decisions. Any dissent, or even of dissenters, was to be punished. This fundamental Calvinistic concept of a theocracy, or “Bible Commonwealth,” seemed to them a perfect and sublime plan for the new colony. "Able, stern, fiercely bigoted, absolutely convinced of his own infallibility in interpreting the word of God, undeterred by doubt, and unrestrained by pity," the Master JOHN NORTON0 (1606 – 1663) would become one of the most powerful clerics in New England. In 1653 he was called from Ipswich to the to succeed the great Master JOHN COTTON0 (1584 – 1652), and to become a leader in the witch hunts and savage Quaker persecutions that brought shame upon the Bay Colony. Uniting his fanatic zeal with that of his colleague, the Master JOHN WILSON0 (1588 – 1667), together, they were as arrant and bloodthirsty a pair of bigots as ever romped through New 95 England inciting the ignorant and the credulous. The zealous Master JOHN WILSON0 (1588 – 1667) was minister in Bocking, Essex, England for a while. The Quaker inquisition of the 1650's would outdo in savagery anything that Archbishop LAUD0 had ever perpetrated on the Puritans. And yet, these were the times and this was the religious leadership that inspired the brothers, MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1590 – 1647) and JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), the brothers, SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665) and GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672), JOHN DANE1 (ca. 1612 - 1684), and possibly young *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690), and many other Puritans to come to the New World. <<<

Ipswich, Massachusetts: In 1638, Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652) of Ipswich was requested to draw up a code of laws for the colony. It would take three years in which JOHN COTTON0 (1584 – 1652) is associated with the effort to draft a code of 100 laws to submit to the General Court. Known as the "Body of Liberties", the code would be adopted in December, 1641 as the first code of laws established in New England.

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Pastor NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652) was also the author of “The Simple Cobbler of Agawam,” a serious but witty argument against religious toleration, arbitrary government, and extravagant fashions. The narrowness, bigotry, and intolerance of the Puritans were the natural defects of their zeal and passionate faith. They were trying the experiment of a Bible colony, and believed that disturbers of their peace ought to found colonies elsewhere - there being plenty of space available. Undoubtedly the Puritans were cruel and harsh to all who dissented from them in their religion. It remained for a later generation to discover the value of religious liberty, free speech, and a free press.

[Emigration of Brothers MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 (1588 – 1647) and JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) of Bocking, Essex, England in 1638]: Sometime after March 30, 1638, Puritan brothers MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 (1588 – 1647) and JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), with their families, emigrated from Bocking, Essex, England to New England. One record states that MARY WHIPPLE (STONE)1 (1634 – 1720) came to America with her parents, JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) and SARAH HAWKINS (COPPIN) WHIPPLE0 (1599 – 1662). Per Governor JOHN WINTHROP0’s journal, many ships came to New England in 1638 bringing approximately 3,000 new settlers. Of the twenty or more ships that landed in Massachusetts Bay that summer and fall of 1638, the name of the ship that the WHIPPLE1 brothers and their families sailed on is unknown. Per author BLAINE WHIPPLE10 (1930 – 2015), “a combination of religion, economics, and health” caused MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 (1588 – 1647) and his younger brother, JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) to migrate. Concern for their families’ health was a major impetus for their decision. MATTHEW WHIPPLE0’s (1588 – 1647) first two sons died in infancy in Bocking. Five of JOHN WHIPPLE0’s (1596 – 1669) ten children born in Bocking had already died including two infant sons, two infant daughters and one six year old son. JOHN WHIPPLE0’s (1596 – 1669) youngest son, one-month old MATTHEW WHIPPLE1 (1638 – 1638) had just died in Bocking on March 30, 1638. That many members from their church, “St. Mary the Virgin Deanery Church” in Bocking, Essex, and that many neighbors including 7X Great Grandfather *NATHANIEL WHITING1 (1609 – 1682), a Bocking miller, from that area of Essex County were going to New England must have also been a major influence. JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) landed in New England in 1638 and evidently spent some time in the Boston area, possibly Charlestown, or Watertown prior to moving to Ipswich later in 1638 or even in 1639. As early as 1632, settlements had been founded at Boston (first called Trimountain), Dorchester, Roxbury, Watertown, Charlestown, and Newtown (Cambridge). Ipswich was founded in 1633. There was no limit to choice of a home in the wilderness, and Planters made two or three moves before coming to a final halt. Land was free to him for the asking and every new settlement offered greater opportunity to enlarge his acreage. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 178

MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 (1588 – 1647) is first recorded as a settler of Ipswich, Massachusetts in 1638 followed by his brother, JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 96 1669), in 1639. Following Master NATHANIEL ROGERS0 (1598 – 1655), their favorite and probably charismatic minister from Bocking, Essex, England, and his like- minded flock, was probably their primary reason for choosing Ipswich, Massachusetts as their new home in the New World. For, earlier that year on February 20, 1638, Master NATHANIEL ROGERS0 (1598 – 1655) was made Pastor of the First Congregational Church in Ipswich, Massachusetts and Master JOHN NORTON0 (1606 - 1663) was made Colleague. Master NATHANIEL ROGERS0 (1598 – 1655) built a full two-story mansion facing the South Green in Ipswich. His house lot reached down to the river and was bounded by Mr. RICHARD SALTONSTALL JR0’s (1610 – 1694) home-lot on the southwest and ISAAC COMING0’s (1600/01 - ? ) on the northeast. Mr. RICHARD SALTONSTALL JR0 (1610 – 1694) was a “miller” by trade and owned a fourteen-acre home-lot near the South Green of Ipswich, about eight (8) acres of which lay to the south of the brook, then called Saltonstall’s Brook, and the remaining six (6) acres north of it extending from the river to the highway on which his house was built near the southern end of the Green. Mr. RICHARD SALTONSTALL JR0 (1610 – 1694) bequeathed his mill property on the north side of the river including a piece of land called the “Mill Garden” near the mills to his two sons who operated the mills. The “Mill Garden” which included a house, dye-house, stable, and two grist mills was located on the north side of the river and included all the land bordering on the Ipswich River from the Choate Bridge down Market Street to the corner of Union Street and then up Union Street to the mills. Although MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 (1588 – 1647) was the older brother, it appears that JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) was the “leading spirit.” JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) would attain a higher position in church and state so that he was recorded as Mr. JOHN WHIPPLE0, Gentleman, while his older brother, MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 (1588 – 1647), secured the humbler social position as Goodman MATTHEW WHIPPLE0. Master NATHANIEL ROGERS0 (1598 – 1655) was minister at “St. Mary the Virgin” in Bocking, Essex from about 1626 to 1631, and then became minister at Assington, Suffolk from 1631 to 1636. He immigrated with many of his Bocking and Assington congregations to New England in 1636 and became Pastor of the First Congregational Church in Ipswich, Massachusetts from 1638 until his death in 1655. He succeeded Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 -1652) who was the first Pastor of the First Congregational Church in Ipswich, Massachusetts from 1634 until 1638. “The Ancient records of the Town of Ipswich 1634 – 1650” show that both MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 (1588 - 1647) and JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 - 1669) were granted land in Ipswich, Massachusetts in September, 1638. On September 1, 1638, the seven selectmen of Ipswich, Massachusetts granted MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 (1588 – 1647) six acres of planting ground near the river and JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 179

six acres of planting ground next to his brother, MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 (1588 – 1647), on this side of the swamp. They were jointly granted two hundred (200) acres plus meadow not to exceed forty-five (45) acres to begin at Mr. WOODMANSEE0’s farm running toward Mr. HUBBARD0’s farm (probably his good friend, Reverend WILLIAM HUBBARD0), to be divided as they shall agree. The two hundred (200) acres land grant was located in that part of Ipswich, Massachusetts called the “Hamlet” which was later, in 1793, incorporated as the Town of Hamilton.

Figure 21: The Deanery Church of St. Mary the Virgin in Bocking, Essex County, England; lower left is the “South Porch” entrance.

MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 (1588 – 1647) resided for a time at the “Hamlet” but later lived on the corner of the present County and Summer streets in Ipswich center where he owned a dwelling house, barn, and four acres of land appraised at 36 pounds in 1645. One history also states that he lived near the “First Church of Ipswich.” MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 (1588 – 1647) came prepared to live in the wilderness. In the front hall of his Ipswich home he kept a veritable arsenal including 3 muskets, 2 musket rests, 3 pair of bandoleers, 3 swords, 1 fowling piece, 1 set of breast armor, 1 pike and sword, 1 rapier, and a halberd and bill.

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Also in 1638, SIMON STACE (STACY)0 (1597 – 1644) was granted six acres of planting ground beyond the swamps next to his brother-in-law, JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669). It appears that JOHN WHIPPLE0’s (1596 – 1669) primary occupation was that of farming. SIMON STACY0 (1597 – 1644) was also a “clothier” from Bocking, Essex, England and was the “brother-in-law” of JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669). SIMON STACY0’s wife, ELIZABETH CLARKE (CLERKE) STACY0 (1602 – 1669), was the younger sister of JOHN WHIPPLE0’s first wife, SUSANNA CLARKE (CLERKE) WHIPPLE0 (ca.1594 – before 1634). SIMON STACY0 (1597 – 1644) and his family had emigrated in 1636 from Bocking, Essex, England to New England. He was a “proprietor” of Ipswich, Massachusetts in 1637. Two years after SIMON STACY0 (1597 – 1644) and his family emigrated, the brothers, MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 (1588 – 1647) and JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), and their families emigrated from Bocking, Essex, England to New England in 1638. SIMON STACY0 (1597 – 1644) was the son of THOMAS STACE (STACY)-1 (ca. 1560 - ? ) who was born in Epping, Essex, England about 1560. SIMON STACY0 (1597 – 1644) and ELIZABETH CLARKE (CLERKE) STACY0 (1602 – 1669) were married in 1620 (marriage certificate dated November 6, 1620) in Theydon Mount, Essex, England. They had at least seven children: (1) THOMAS STACY1 (1622 or ca. 1630 – 1689/90; (2) ELIZABETH STACY (ADAMS)1 (1624 – 1655); (3) SARAH STACY1 (BUSWELL)1 (1627 – 1708/9); (4) SUSANNA STACY (FRENCH)1 (1628/29 – 1687/8); (5) ANN STACY1 (1633 – 1681/82) – spinster; (6) SIMON STACY JR1 (1636 – 1699) – Captain; and, (7) MARY STACY (MEARS) (FITCH)1 (1639 – 1681/2). Their children were “first cousins” of JOHN WHIPPLE0’s (1596 – 1669) and SUSANNA CLARKE (CLERKE) WHIPPLE0’s children. ANN STACY1’s Last Will & Testament dated February 13, 1681/82 appoints her cuzen (cousin) Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) Executor. On March 2, 1637/38 “Good man STACE0” (SIMON STACY0 (1597 – 1644)) was assigned the use of the (Ipswich, Massachusetts) home lot adjoining that of WILLIAM WARNER0 (1586 – 1648). On August 30, 1638, SIMON STACY0 (1597 – 1644) received a grant of six (6) acres of planting ground in Ipswich, Massachusetts between his brother-in-law, JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 - 1669), and HENRY ARCHER0 ( ? - ? ) who had emigrated from Epping, Essex, England.

Land Sales: The traffic in land sales in Ipswich as in Watertown was extraordinary. Ipswich land was often caught in the middle of a sea of land sales. In at least half of the

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Ipswich land sales, a house lot or dwelling was included revealing frequent movement inside the community. Brothers MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 (1588 – 1647) and JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) were very actively engaged in the Ipswich land market. According to surviving records, MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 traded 140 acres and JOHN 97 WHIPPLE0 traded 216 acres. No doubt *ANTHONY POTTER1 would learn from the WHIPPLE0 brothers and benefit from a number of real estate transactions himself. When Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) died on June 30, 1669, he owned a farm of 360 acres at Ipswich Hamlet (Hamilton, Massachusetts) and approximately 100 acres in town (Ipswich, Massachusetts) with a house on it. In the 1630's land was the principal source of wealth in New England, land where cattle could be raised and crops grown. <<<

*NATHANIEL WHITING1 (1609 – 1682), Miller of Dedham, Massachusetts: About 1638 7X Great Grandfather *NATHANIEL WHITING1 (1609 – 1682) emigrated from Bocking, Essex County, England to New England. He was born on August 1, 1609 in Bocking, Essex, England. He was the son of 8X great Grandfather *JOHN WHITING0 (1565 – 1647) and *SARAH ISABEL SMITH WHITING0 (1569 – 1649) of Boston, Lincolnshire, England and later Bocking, Essex, England. He was a miller by trade in Bocking. As early as 1638 he was recorded as a proprietor in Lynn, Massachusetts where he had acquired ten acres of land. About 1641 he migrated to Dedham, Massachusetts where he was admitted to the First Church of Dedham. He was made a Freeman there in 1642. A miller by trade, he built his corn mill on the canal which connects the Charles River with the lower levels of the Neponset

River. He operated his corn-mill on “Mother Brook” in Dedham (images above marking spot of first mill now in Condon Park). He was the first to operate a corn mill in Dedham, Massachusetts. 7X Great Grandfather *NATHANIEL WHITING1 (1609 – 1682) married 7X Great Grandmother *HANNAH DWIGHT (WHITING)1 (1625 – 1714) on March 4, 1644 in Dedham, Massachusetts. She was the daughter of *JOHN DWIGHT0 (ca. 1599 – 1661) and *HANNAH CLOSE DWIGHT0 (1604 – 1656). She died on November 4, 1714 in Dedham, Massachusetts. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 182

Table 29: The Whiting-Wight-Potter and Whiting-Hancock- Wight-Potter pedigrees of *ABIGAIL HANCOCK WIGHT POTTER6 (1817 – 1851). Gen. Pedigree 0 *JOHN WHITING0 & *SARAH ISABEL SMITH WHITING0 (1565 – 1647) (1569 – 1649) from Boston, Lincolnshire, England and later Bocking, Essex, England. 1 *NATHANIEL WHITING1 & *HANNAH DWIGHT WHITING1 (1609 – 1682) (1625 – 1714) *Nathaniel1 emigrated from Bocking, Essex, England about 1638. 2 *JOHN WHITING2 & *MARY BILLINGS WHITING2 (1665 – ca. 1732) (1668 – 1727/28) 3 *JEMIMA WHITING *ELIPHALET WHITING3 WIGHT3 (1703 – 1768) (1699 – 1754) & & *ABIGAIL MANN WHITING3 *JONATHAN WIGHT3 (1710 – 1777) (1700 – 1773) 4 *JOSEPH WIGHT SR4 *JERUSHA WHITING (1729 – 1804) HANCOCK4 & (ca. 1742 – 1831) *ABIGAIL WARE WIGHT4 & (1741 – 1799) Lt. *JOSEPH HANCOCK SR4 (1740 – 1815) 5 *NATHAN WIGHT5 & *ABIGAIL HANCOCK WIGHT5 (1773 – 1824) (1775/76 – 1824) 6 *ABIGAIL HANCOCK WIGHT POTTER6 (1817 – 1851) & *GILBERT POTTER6 (1811 – 1862) 7 *ALGERNON SIDNEY POTTER7 (1841 - 1893) & *FLORENCE ELLA (FLORA E.) GRANT POTTER7 (1848 - 1928) 8 *ALBERT LINCOLN POTTER8 (1874 - 1930) & *ELEANOR THERESA DODGE POTTER8 (1876 - 1951) 9 *KENNETH DODGE POTTER9 (1906 – 1976) & *VONCEILE CAROLYN METCALF POTTER9 (1909 – 1976) [See: “Appendix “C”: *Wight Pedigree” for more details.]

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Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) of Cambridge, Massachusetts In May 1638, Newtown was renamed Cambridge, Massachusetts. In 1638, 8X Great Grandfather Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) bought a house and land on Garden Street opposite Shepard Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he settled and became one of the most extensive landowners of that town and of Cambridge Farms (now Lexington), his estate extending to the Charles River and including a part of the present site of “Mount Auburn Cemetery.” His homestead remained in the possession of his descendants until 1830. He was one of the foremost men of the town and colony, was a “Deacon” of the First Congregational Church in Cambridge for thirty-four years, and was Representative in 1638. On September 6, 1638 he appears as one of the three deputies for Cambridge to the Massachusetts General Court. 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE (POTTER)1 (1629 – 1712), his daughter, was ten years old when they moved from Watertown to Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1638.98 <<<

The *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) Family of Cambridge, MA. 1638 Name Age *Deacon GREGORY STONE0 46 yrs. st 1. MARGARET GARRAD STONE0 (1 wife) deceased (died 1626) A. JOHN STONE1 (Elder) (mar. 1638) 20 yrs. (1) ANNE ROGERS TREADWAY STONE1 23 yrs. B. DANIEL STONE1 (Surgeon) 18 yrs. C. DAVID STONE1 16 yrs. D. ELIZABETH STONE1 (ca. 1624 – 1626) deceased (died 1626) 2. *LYDIA (?) COOPER STONE0 (mar. 1627) 41 yrs. A. JOHN COOPER JR1 (Stepson) 20 yrs. B. LYDIA COOPER (FISKE)1 (Stepdaughter) 18 yrs. (est.) C. *ELIZABETH STONE (POTTER)1 9 yrs. D. SAMUEL STONE1 (Deacon) 7 yrs. E. SARAH STONE (MERRIAM)1 5 yrs. st Note: All above except MARGARET GARRAD STONE0 (1 wife) who died in England on August 4, 1626 in Nayland, Suffolk, England were included on the list the original members of the First Church of Cambridge, Massachusetts by the Reverend JONATHAN MITCHELL1 (1624 – 1668), successor in 1650 to Reverend THOMAS SHEPARD0 (1605 – 1649).

By 1638 Englishmen were coming over in such numbers as had never been seen before, three thousand in the summer of 1638 alone.

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Rowley, Massachusetts: The Master NATHANIEL WARD0's half-brother, EZEKIEL ROGERS0 (1590 – 1660) of Rowley, Yorkshire (5 miles west of Kingston- Upon-Hull), also a minister, sailed from Hull (today Kingston-Upon-Hull) on the good ship “John” of London in the summer of 1638 with his company of followers to settle in Rowley, Massachusetts, near the close of the puritan migration to New England.99 JOHN DRESSER SR1 (1607 – 1672), “shoemaker,” and his wife, MARY (?) DRESSER1 (1611 – 1659) from Skewsby, Grimstone, Yorkshire, England also sailed from Hull, England on the good ship “John” of London and arrived in Salem, Massachusetts on October 10, 1638. Onboard the good ship “John” was the first printing press to reach America from England. JOHN DRESSER SR1 (1607 – 1672) and MARY (?) DRESSER1 (1611 – 1659) settled in Rowley, Massachusetts. They were the grandparents of Aunt HANNAH DRESSER POTTER3 (1681/2 – 1728) who was the wife of Uncle SAMUEL POTTER JR3 (ca. 1688 – 1747), son of 6X Great Grandfather SAMUEL POTTER2 (ca. 1657 – 1714) of Ipswich Farms (Linebrook Parish), Massachusetts. Aunt HANNAH DRESSER POTTER3 (1681/2 – 1728) was the daughter of SAMUEL DRESSER SR2 (1643 – 1704) and MARY LEAVER DRESSER2 (1649 – 1714) who had married on December 9, 1668 in Rowley, Massachusetts. MARY LEAVER DRESSER2 (1649 – 1714) was the daughter of THOMAS LEAVER1 (ca. 1615 – 1683) and MARY BRADLEY LEAVER1 (1626 – 1684) who were born in England, immigrated to America, and settled in Rowley, Massachusetts. <<<

Edinburgh, Scotland: Under King CHARLES I0 (1600 – 1649), in 1638, in Edinburgh and all over Scotland, a “Covenant” was signed by many Scottish nobles and men which bound all men by the most solemn oath to maintain the Presbyterian Church (headed by Elders and not the typical church hierarchy) and to root out all bishops and their works. The Scottish “Covenanters,” as they were called, flatly refused all compromise with King CHARLES I0 (1600 – 1649) who defended the Church of England headed by Archbishop WILLIAM LAUD0 (1573 – 1645). The Scots fielded a much stronger army than King CHARLES I0 (1600 – 1649) who would lose two short wars (1639 and 1640) with the victorious “Covenanters.”

1639: Ipswich, Massachusetts: In 1639, JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) and his family (shown below) arrived in Ipswich. They soon moved into (apparently generously loaned or possibly rented) a house built prior to December 20, 1638 by the wealthy immigrant Gentleman JOHN FAWN0 on a two and one-half acre lot bounded by the present Market, Saltonstall (previously Winter Street), and Estes Streets near the railroad station (depot). Records show that they occupied the house as early as 1642, for in that year the town ordered JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) to build a fence between his (loaned or rented) property and the adjacent Captain DANIEL DENISON1 (1612 – 1682) (previously owned) property that had been purchased the previous year by HUMPHREY GRIFFIN0 CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 185

on January 19, 1641. With his wife PATIENCE DUDLEY DENISON1, Captain (later Major and then Major-General) DANIEL DENISON1 (1612 – 1682) had lived next door on a two-acre lot near the mill until its sale on January 19, 1641. He had been Captain of the Ipswich Train Band (Ipswich Militia Company) since 1637. From 1639 until 1650, JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) lived on property owned by Mr. JOHN FAWN0 who had moved to Haverhill in 1641 and who finally executed a quitclaim deed on October 10, 1650 which confirmed the sale of the house and 2½ acres of land (bounded by Market, Winter, and Union Streets) to Mr. JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669). Mr. SAMUEL APPLETON0 (1586 – 1670) owned the adjacent eight (8) acre building lot to the southwest on the Topsfield Road running down to the Ipswich River. He also owned a 460-acre farm lying on the Ipswich-Hamilton line bounded by the Ipswich River and Mile Brook. <<<

The JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) Family of Ipswich, MA. 1639 Name Age Deacon JOHN WHIPPLE0 43 yrs. st 1. SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0 (1 wife) deceased (before 1634) a. SUSANNAH WHIPPLE (WORTH)1 17 yrs. b. JOHN WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1624) c. JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (Captain) 14 yrs. d. ELIZABETH WHIPPLE (POTTER)1 12 yrs. e. MATTHEW WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1634) f. WILLIAM WHIPPLE1 8 yrs. g. ANNE WHIPPLE1 (11 months old) deceased (died 1634) 2. SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 40 yrs. (2nd wife) a. MARY WHIPPLE (STONE)1 5 yrs. b. JUDITH WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1637) c. MATTHEW WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1638) Note: Since we do not know (1) SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0’s (ca. 1594 – before 1634) date of death which was sometime before 1634 in England, or (2) the marriage date of SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – 1662) which was sometime before 1634 in England, we cannot know for certain which of JOHN WHIPPLE0’s children were offspring from each of his first two wives.

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*ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) Family of Ipswich, Massachusetts. 1639 Name Age *ANTHONY POTTER1 11 yrs.

The builders of the Bay Colony actively encouraged close-built towns. A law in 1635 ordered “no dwelling house shall be built above a half mile from the meeting house in any new plantation... without leave from the Court, except mill houses and farm houses of such as have their dwelling houses in some town.” JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) was one of the foremost men of the Town of Ipswich, Massachusetts. No doubt he continued his “clothier” occupation in Ipswich, Massachusetts with the skills he brought with him from Bocking, the well-known “cloth town” of Essex, England. He also operated a large farm (300+ acres) at Ipswich Hamlet (Hamilton, Massachusetts) and engaged in several other business ventures. He was an eight term delegate to the General Court and Ipswich clerk of writs for several terms. He was very active in the “First Church” of Ipswich, Massachusetts where he became “Deacon” in 1642 and “Ruling Elder” in 1658. We may believe that his dwelling was frequented by the principal citizens of Ipswich. His early neighbor, DANIEL DENISON1 (1612 – 1682), and, JOHN WINTHROP JR1 (1606 -1676) and THOMAS DUDLEY0 (1576 – 1653), SIMON BRADSTREET0 (1603 – 1697) and ANNE DUDLEY BRADSTREET, the poetess, Judge SAMUEL SYMONDS0 (1595 – 1678) and RICHARD SALTONSTALL JR0 (1610 – 1694), Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652) and Master JOHN NORTON0 (1606 – 1663), and all the eminent people of the time doubtless crossed the threshold and enjoyed the good cheer of the great fireplaces. No doubt young 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (1628 – 1690) was present during many of these gatherings.100  DANIEL DENISON1 (1612 – 1682) was Ipswich Town Clerk, local magistrate, Deputy to the General Court (seven times), and Captain of the Ipswich Train Band (Ipswich Militia Company). He lived next door on Market Street until 1641. His wife was PATIENCE DUDLEY DENISON1, the daughter of Deputy Governor and later Governor THOMAS DUDLEY0 (1576 – 1653).  JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 - 1649) was one of the founders and first elected Governor of the colony.  THOMAS DUDLEY0 (1576 – 1653), “that stern old Puritan,” was the first Deputy Governor of Massachusetts and second-in-command under Governor JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649); he would succeed JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649) as Governor.

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 Judge SIMON BRADSTREET0 (1603 – 1697) was a magistrate of the Bay Colony for sixty (60) years serving fifty (50) faithful years on the Board of Assistants and then reelected Governor nine times; his wife, Mistress ANNE DUDLEY BRADSTREET1 (1612 - 1672) was Governor THOMAS DUDLEY0's daughter and a famous poet.  Judge SAMUEL SYMONDS0 (1595 – 1678) from Great Yeldham, Essex was one of the eleven magistrates of the Bay Colony and sometime Deputy Governor.  Arriving in Massachusetts with his father on the “Arbella” on June 22, 1630, RICHARD SALTONSTALL JR0 (1610 – 1694) was one of the first settlers of Ipswich, Massachusetts. He became one of the Governor’s Assistants in 1637. He returned to England in 1672.  Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 - 1652) was the first pastor (1634 - 1638) of the “First Church” of Ipswich. On February 20, 1638, he was succeeded by the Master NATHANIEL ROGERS0 (1598 – 1655) as Pastor and the Master JOHN 101 NORTON0 (1606 – 1663) as Colleague. The principal citizens of Ipswich were close friends in England prior to emigration. Many had received their education at Emanuel (“Emmanuel”), the largest college in the University of Cambridge. NATHANIEL WARD0 (matriculated in 1596), THOMAS HOOKER0 (matriculated in 1604 and graduated in 1608), JOHN COTTON0 (matriculated in 1606), NATHANIEL ROGERS0 (matriculated in 1614), SIMON BRADSTREET0 (matriculated in 1618), DANIEL DENISON1 (matriculated in 1626; graduated in 1629), SAMUEL STONE0 (matriculated in 1627), RICHARD SALTONSTALL JR1 (matriculated in 1627), and EZEKIEL Figure 22: CHEEVER0 (matriculated in 1633) all were “Emmanuel men.” Another social circle of prominent puritans was Judge SIMON BRADSTREET centered around Tattershall Castle, the seat of the Earl of 0 (1603 – 1697) Lincoln near Sempringham and Boston, Lincolnshire. THOMAS DUDLEYo (1576 – 1653), of Yardley Hastings, a small parish eight miles southeast of Northampton in Northamptonshire, was a former captain of volunteers under HENRY of NAVARRE and sometime steward (business manager) to the EARL of LINCOLN. His successor in that office was a young Cambridge graduate named SIMON BRADSTREET1 (1603 – 1697) who would marry his daughter, ANNE DUDLEY (BRADSTREET)1 (1612 – 1672) in 1628. Mistress ANNE DUDLEY (BRADSTREET)1 was born in 1612 and was brought up in comparative luxury at 102 Tattershall Castle. ANNE DUDLEY (BRADSTREET)1's sister, PATIENCE DUDLEY (DENISON)1 married DANIEL DENISON1 (1612 – 1682). Thus, SIMON BRADSTREET0 (1603 – 1697) and DANIEL DENISON1 (1612 – 1682) were brothers- 103 in-law. Deputy Governor THOMAS DUDLEY0 (1576 – 1653) settled in Cambridge,

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Massachusetts in 1631 before moving to Ipswich and finally Roxbury, Massachusetts. <<< [Laws Prohibiting Vanity in Apparel] In 1639, the General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony tried to curtail "vanity in apparel" by ordering that "no ladies' garments shall be made with short sleeves whereby the nakedness of the arm may be discovered in the wearing thereby..."

The *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) Family of Ipswich, MA. 1640 Name Age *ANTHONY POTTER1 12 yrs.

XIV. LIFE IN NEW ENGLAND (1640 – 1651) AFTER “THE GREAT PURITAN MIGRATION”:

After affronting the Puritans in England and Scotland for eleven years by silencing the ministers they loved and enforcing the they abhorred, CHARLES I0 (1600 – 1649) of England finally met open defiance in May, 1640 when he attempted to impose the Anglican prayer book in Scotland. A Scottish army assembled to stop him. CHARLES I0 (1600 – 1649) did not have men or money to put down the rebellion and summoned Parliament, which had been suspended for the past eleven years, to his aid. "The Short Parliament", as it would be called, was dissolved almost at once when it voiced grievances of the past eleven years rather than support the King. These events had repercussions in Massachusetts almost as profound as in England. Already in the summer of 1640, while the Scots were gathering and the King was hopefully searching for a way to stop them, New England began to feel the change. The whole colony faced an economic crisis. Ships arrived from England as before, and they brought the usual cargoes of British goods, but precious few immigrants to buy New England's goods. “The Great Migration to New England was over.” And so was the peculiar prosperity New England had been enjoying. “The great economic depression of the 1640's began.” <<<

The Great Economic Depression of the 1640's In 1640, the lumber, crops and cattle which the colonists had prepared for the annual horde of newcomers lay unsold. Prices fell quickly and didn't stop falling for two years. In 1641 and 1642 the economic crisis in New England was at its worst. The colony had always depended heavily on manufactures from abroad, but after 1640 it could no longer afford to buy them. The settlers met the situation partly by trying to make as many of their own goods as possible. Men who had worked at textiles in the old country began to manufacture them here. Thus, necessity caused the birth of an industry that would flourish in New England well into the Twentieth Century. Lucrative foreign markets were CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 189

eventually found for their goods and the depression of the 1640's also caused the birth of the great New England shipping and export industry. <<<

In 1640, "Mr." JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), the simple prefix indicating higher social standing (the gentry) than the more humble "Goodman", was admitted to be a “Freeman” in Ipswich, Massachusetts. The founders of Massachusetts Bay attempted to preserve in New England both the class distinctions and economic restrictions of Old England.

Table 30: Class Distinctions by Title. (Class distinctions by title were common at that time.) Title Class Distinction Nobles The nobility: King (Crown), Peers (Peerage), and the greater Gentry carried specific titles of office. Gentlemen The next level was “Gentlemen” (gentlefolk or the lesser gentry) who were the landed, mercantile, or professional gentry class and were entitled to be called “Master, Mister (Mr.), or Mistress” and were legally exempted from the punishment of whipping. Yeomen One step above common laborers was “Yeomen,” ordinary respectable people who were artisans, craftsmen and/or small farmers cultivating their own land (a class of freeholders below the Gentry) entitled to be called "Goodman, Goodwife, or Goody.” Common Landless “Common Laborers” bore no title to their names at all. Laborers Legal proceedings of Massachusetts required that every plaintiff and defendant must be identified by social order as “gentleman, yeoman, or laborer.” The faculty of Harvard College ranked their students by the social order of their families. Seating committees of New England meeting houses also used social order as one of several criteria for assigning seats. The title “Reverend” was seldom if ever used for clergymen in England or New England before the close of the seventeenth century. Instead they were called “Master” (abbreviated “Mr.”) because almost invariably they had taken the degree of Master of Arts. About ninety percent (90%) of the founders of New England were of the “Yeomen” or craftsmen class; less than ten percent (<10%) were of the “Gentlemen” or the landed, mercantile, or professional gentry class; and only a little over one percent (>1%) were of the “Nobles” or armorial class that can claim a coat-of-arms. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 190

Appointed three times, Mr. JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) served eight years as Deputy to the General Court between 1640 and 1654 (1640-42, 1646, 1650, and 1654). In February, 1640/41, he was also chosen one of the "Seven Men" as the Ipswich 104 selectmen were then called. The highly respected JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) became the agent for “The Worshipful Mr. SALTONSTALL0” in his business affairs.

[Note: Judge Sir RICHARD SALTONSTALL0 (1586 – 1661) arrived in Massachusetts on the “Arabella” on June 22, 1630 with JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649), first Governor of Massachusetts. He became the first named assistant to Governor JOHN WINTHROP0 and was one of the founders of Watertown, Massachusetts. He was one of the eleven magistrates of the Bay Colony. However, he remained in Massachusetts for only a short time. When some of his family became ill, he returned with them to England in 1631 and settled in London where he used his influence at court to aid Massachusetts and the Connecticut colonies. Expecting to return to New England some day, he kept in close and affectionate touch with the New England leaders and continued his interest in the two colonies. At some point, he appointed JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) in Ipswich, Massachusetts to act as his agent for his business affairs in New England. However, he would never go back and remained in England until his death in 1661.]

In 1639/40, in Ipswich, Massachusetts, Uncle SIMON STACY0 (1597 - 1644) had the right to pasture one cow on the town’s common land. <<<

Boxted, Essex, England: It is not known whether or not Uncle SIMON STONE0 (1586 - 1665) and Deacon THOMAS WELLS0 (1605 – 1666) of Boxted, Essex, Boxted’s popular Puritan vicar, Master GEORGE PHILLIPS0 (1592 – 1644), or JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649), in nearby Groton, Suffolk knew BETTY POTTER1 of Boxted who lived on “Straight Road” towards Colchester or were aware of her alleged witchcraft activities before their immigration to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the 1630s. Nevertheless, here is her story:

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The Story of BETTY POTTER1’s “Dip” in the Road From March, 1644 to 1647, MATTHEW HOPKINS1 (ca. 1620 – 1647), the self-styled “Witchfinder General” of England, was actively searching out witches in Essex, Suffolk, and Norfolk Counties in England, the area of strongest Puritan and Parliamentarian influences. Between the years of 1644 and 1646 he was responsible for the deaths of 300 women accused as witches. During this period he sent to the gallows more than all the other witch-hunters in the 160 years of witch persecution in England. Boxted (Essex) had its own witch in the form of “BETTY POTTER1.” She lived in a cottage beside the “Straight Road” south towards Colchester, and was reputed to have cured the sick daughter of a wealthy Colchester merchant for which she was richly rewarded, and also to have bewitched a team of horses pulling a wagon load of wheat south from Rivers Hall, one of the two Boxted manor houses, to the mill at Mile End towards Colchester. One night the son of the Lord of Rivers Hall, who with a gang of locals he had organized, dragged poor BETTY1 from her cottage and hanged her from a nearby tree in defiance of and to the chagrin of MATTHEW HOPKINS1 (ca. 1620 – 1647), who was preparing to bring her to trial. HOPKINS1 then sought to reclaim the dead witch’s body when to his amazement he saw BETTY POTTER1 descend from the tree and disappear, leaving all her clothes behind her. Since that ghoulish day in the 1640’s, the little dip in the road at that point where she vanished has been named locally “BETTY POTTER1’s Dip” (approx. TL991294), and lore has it that her ghost haunts the tree and the “Dip” every October 21st at midnight, the anniversary of her hanging. In 1815, rents from the use of the nearby BETTY POTTER1’s Piece or Field, along with two other fields, were used to establish a charity for the poor. By 1881 the income was being used to support the National School, but in 1919 the Piece was sold and the proceeds invested. <<<

1641: Ipswich, Massachusetts: JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) was a “Commoner” of Ipswich in 1641. He became “Deacon” (1642) and afterwards “Ruling Elder” (1658) of the Ipswich Church.105 rd On November 3 , 1641, SARAH WHIPPLE (GOODHUE)1 (1641 - 1681), the youngest daughter and last child of JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) was born in Ipswich, Massachusetts.106 She was undoubtedly named after her mother, SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – 1662), the second wife of JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669). <<< In 1641, possible Uncle SIMON STACY0 (1597 – 1644) was called a “Commoner” of Ipswich, Massachusetts, having a proportionate right to the town’s individual lands. <<<

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Ipswich, Massachusetts: In 1641, Ipswich, Massachusetts set up a committee for furthering trade. Messrs. SIMON BRADSTREET0 (1603 – 1697), ROBERT PAINE (PAYNE) SR.0 (1601 - 1684), DANIEL DENISON1 (1612 – 1682), JOHN TUTTLE0 (1592 – 1656), RICHARD SALTONSTALL0 (1610 – 1694), and the brothers, MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 (1588 – 1647) and Mr. JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), of Ipswich, Massachusetts, were appointed to set up buoys and beacons, and to provide salt, cotton, sowing hempseed, flaxseed, and card-wire. In addition a special committee was appointed to dispose of “Little Neck” in such a way as to promote the fishing interest. Mr. JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) was also on this committee. The “Little Neck” was full of life and bustle with boats coming and going from the Isles of Shoals where the Ipswich merchants had another fishing station. <<<

1642: Ipswich, Massachusetts: JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) became “Deacon” of the Ipswich Church in 1642. <<<

[English Civil War 1642 – 1651] In 1642, CHARLES I0 (1600 – 1649) attempted personally to arrest five members of Commons but failed and the English Civil War (1642 - 1649) began. Supporters of the King were known as “Royalists” or “Cavaliers.” Supporters of Parliament were known as “Roundheads” or “Puritans.” On the whole, “New England was sympathetic to Parliament and the Roundheads” led by the Puritans, Sir THOMAS FAIRFAX0 (1612 – 1671) and OLIVER CROMWELL0 (1599 – 1658), who sought the end of bishops and archbishops, of Romanizing rites and rituals; but some New Englanders found it hard to give approval to men who raised a hand against their king. Some continued to think of England as home, and the whole colony held "fast days" from time to time, to mourn for the troubles across the sea. The “English Civil War” checked the large flow of emigration to the Massachusetts Bay Colony as the Puritans fought to secure their rights in England which would make emigration unnecessary. General emigration to New England practically ceased in 1643 until after the close of the American Revolution in 1783. <<<

[Witchcraft in England] The fighting in England instigated a dramatic increase in witchcraft accusations, trials, and executions, especially in the county of Essex, England. News of these perhaps contributed to the first noted cases of witchcraft in New England. <<<

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1643: New England: In 1643, as the “Civil War” raged in England, the New England colonists (from the colonies of Massachusetts, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven but not Rhode Island) found it necessary to organize a “New England Confederation” to combat hostile Indians, the equally hostile Dutch of New Amsterdam to the south, and the French Catholics to the north. Earlier in 1640, a law was passed requiring men to carry arms to meeting, and sentries were posted at the doors.

[GORTONISTS Blasphemy Trial – 1643] In 1643, the infamous ROBERT POTTER0 (1607 – 1655) with sundry other blasphemous agitators including the notorious SAMUEL GORTON0 (1593 – 1677) were summoned from Warwick, Rhode Island to appear before the General Court at Boston, Massachusetts for some “unjust and injurious dealings” with some Indians, and for preaching a “monstrous doctrine.” Earlier troubles with the church compelled them to move to Rhode Island in 1638. They were religious agitators and rejected certain church ordinances. They declined this recent summons contending that they were subjects of the King of England and not under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts. Nevertheless, Massachusetts sent soldiers to Warwick, Rhode Island to arrest them and they made a defense in a fortified log house. Their wives, including ROBERT POTTER0’s wife, ISABEL TRIPP POTTER0 (ca. 1607 – 1643), and children were forced to flee in panic. While rushing to board a boat, two of the women, including ISABEL TRIPP POTTER0 (ca. 1607 – 1643), fell in the cold water and, after enduring some “hardships,” later died of exposure in the woods where they hid. The besieged men in the fortified cabin were finally captured, tried in Boston and imprisoned in various towns around Boston. ROBERT POTTER0 (1607 – 1655) was imprisoned at Rowley, Massachusetts. While awaiting trial at Boston, ROBERT POTTER0 (1607 – 1655) was visited in the Boston gaol by the Reverend NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652) who had accompanied and befriended him aboard ship during their emigration to America in 1634. Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652) implored him to follow the example of Reverend JOHN COTTON0 (1584 – 1652) who ROBERT POTTER0 “had so much reverenced in Old England and New” and to confess his blasphemous errors which he must repent of. Reverend JOHN COTTON0 (1584 – 1652) had been the Vicar at the Church of St. Botolph in Boston, Lincolnshire, England before emigrating. However, the stubborn and unyielding ROBERT POTTER0 (1607 – 1655) stood his ground, was subsequently imprisoned for four months at Rowley, Massachusetts, released and banished from Massachusetts and Rhode Island. The determined ROBERT POTTER0 (1607 – 1655) went to England and secured restoration of his estate. He eventually returned to Rhode Island and died on June 17, 1655 in Warwick, Rhode Island. <<<

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>>>[Note: If in fact ROBERT POTTER0 (1607 – 1655) had been a follower of Reverend JOHN COTTON0 (1584 – 1652) in England before emigrating to America, then there would seem to be some inference that ROBERT POTTER0 (1607 – 1655) hailed from the vicinity of Boston, Lincolnshire, England where Reverend JOHN COTTON0 had been vicar before emigrating to Massachusetts. Boston, Lincolnshire is only eighty (80) miles from Bocking, Essex, England.]<<<

The Massachusetts Bay Puritans were hypocritical in that they fled from the old world to the wilderness of the new to be free from the restrictions placed upon their religious belief and thought; as soon as they had found the haven they sought in the new world, they became as intolerant of dissenters from their views as the clergy of the Anglican church had ever been of them; and they were especially zealous to deprive others of the same liberty they came here to secure for themselves. <<<

1645: Ipswich, Massachusetts: In 1645, RICHARD KIMBALL0 (ca. 1595 – 1675) and JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) were “selectmen” of Ipswich, Massachusetts. <<< On February 27, 1644/45, WILLIAM ADAM SR0 was granted twelve (12) acres of land in Ipswich, Massachusetts near to the land of the “Widow” STACYE0 (possible Aunt ELIZABETH CLARKE STACY0 (1602 – 1669)), widow of possible Uncle SIMON STACY0 (1597 – 1644). WILLIAM ADAM SR0’s son, WILLIAM ADAM JR1, would marry ELIZABETH STACY ADAMS1 (1624 – 1655), daughter of possible Uncle SIMON STACY0 (1597 – 1644), about 1649 in Salisbury, Massachusetts.

1646: England: The first “English Civil War” ended in 1646 with King CHARLES I0 (1600 – 1649) surrender to the parliamentary army. <<< In the winter of 1646 - 1647, the Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652), bound in conscience, returned to England. Massachusetts had served its purpose and it was time to return to his homeland to lead like-minded countrymen in the reformation of church and state. He arrived in London to find himself famous. He was a very original and valuable writer. The “English Civil War” was drawing to a close and Puritanism was in power. In June 1647, he was called to preach before the “House of Commons.” By May 3, 1648, Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652) was installed as the rector of St. Mary the Virgin parish of Shenfield, Essex (one mile northeast of Brentwood, 10 miles from Chelmsford, and 19 miles from London), only four or five miles from his former home at Stondon Massey, Essex. He preached there upwards of four years until his death in the autumn of 1652 (some say he died in October, 1653). During this period, he defended the King, censured the Army, and flayed the Long Parliament. King CHARLES I0 (1600 – 1649) escaped his confinement in 1648 and so commenced the “Second English Civil War” which quickly ended in his defeat by OLIVER CROMWELL0 (1599 – 1658). After King CHARLES I0 was beheaded on CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 195

th January 30 , 1649, Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652) took no further part in politics.107 He died just a few years later in the autumn of 1652. Although a number of settlers had similar feelings, the desirability of returning home seemed to be better argued by economic difficulties in New England. The ships that arrived with English goods began to carry more passengers back to England than they brought with them. Though there was a steady trickle of settlers back to England in the 1640's, it never rose to more than a trickle. Most of those who had carved homes out of the wilderness preferred to go on living in them. Most of those who had built "pure" churches where none had stood before preferred to go on worshiping in them. <<<

Salisbury, Massachusetts: 7X Great Grandmother *SUSANNAH NORTH (MARTIN)1 (1621 - 1692) was born in England and baptized in Olney, Buckinghamshire, England on September 30, 1621. She was the fourth daughter and youngest child of *RICHARD NORTH0 (ca. 1590 - 1667) and *JOAN BARTRAM NORTH0 (ca. 1590 - before 1630). Her mother died in England when she was just a child. Her father remarried and her stepmother was URSULA (?) NORTH0. 7X Great Grandmother *SUSANNAH NORTH (MARTIN)1 (1621 - 1692) came to America with her father, stepmother, and at least one sister in 1639 and settled in Salisbury, Massachusetts. On August 11, 1646, 7X Great Grandmother *SUSANNAH NORTH (MARTIN)1 (1621 - 1692) married the widower and blacksmith, *GEORGE MARTIN1 (1618 - 1686), in Salisbury, Massachusetts. They initially lived in Salisbury and then moved to Amesbury, Massachusetts in 1654. They produced eight (8) children including 6X Great Grandmother *JANE MARTIN (HADLEY)2 (1656 - after 1704) who was born on November 2, 1656 in Amesbury, Massachusetts. 7X Great Grandmother *SUSANNAH NORTH MARTIN1 (1621 - 1692) became famous when she was wrongfully accused of practicing witchcraft, tried, found guilty, and hanged on “Gallows Hill” in Salem, Massachusetts on July 19, 1692 during the “Salem Village Witchcraft Hysteria of 1692.” Her daughter was 6X Great Grandmother *JANE MARTIN (HADLEY)2 (1656 - after 1704), wife of the weaver, *SAMUEL HADLEY2 (1652/55 - 1745) of Ipswich and Amesbury, Massachusetts. 6X Great Grandmother *JANE MARTIN (HADLEY)2 (1656 - after 1704) was born on November 2, 1656 in Amesbury, Massachusetts. She was the daughter of *GEORGE MARTIN1 (1618 - 1686), widower and blacksmith, and *SUSANNAH NORTH MARTIN1 (1621 - 1692). She married 6X Great Grandfather *SAMUEL HADLEY2 (1652 – 1745), a weaver by trade, on August 11, 1676 in Amesbury, Massachusetts. They had fourteen (14) children including 5X Great Grandmother *SUSANNAH HADLEY (POTTER)3 (ca. 1694 - 1739), their tenth child, who was born ca. 1694 in Amesbury, Massachusetts.

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6X Great Grandmother *JANE MARTIN HADLEY2 (1656 - after 1704) was also the 4X Great Grandmother of our distant cousin CHESTER A. st ARTHUR6 (1829 - 1886), the “21 President of the United States” from September 19, 1881 to March 4, 1885. 5X Great Grandmother *SUSANNAH HADLEY (POTTER)3 (ca. 1694 - 1739), the daughter of *SAMUEL HADLEY2 (1652 – 1745) and *JANE MARTIN HADLEY2 (1656 - after 1704), was born ca. 1694 in Amesbury, Massachusetts. She married 5X Great Grandfather *THOMAS POTTER3 (1691 - 1753) of Ipswich Farms, Massachusetts in 1714 with intentions Figure 23: President published in Ipswich, Massachusetts on September 18, 1714. CHESTER A. They lived in Ipswich Farms, Massachusetts and had twelve ARTHUR6 (1829 – 1886) (12) children including 4X Great Grandfather Deacon in 1881. *ANTHONY POTTER4 (1724 – 1791). <<<

Table 31: Pedigree of the POTTER family descended from 7X Great Grandmother *SUSANNA NORTH MARTIN1 (1621 - 1692) who was wrongfully taken to Gallows Hill, Salem, Massachusetts and executed by hanging on July 19, 1692 for practicing witchcraft. Gen. Name Spouse 0 *RICHARD NORTH0 *JOAN BARTRAM NORTH0 (ca. 1590 - 1667) (ca. 1590 - before 1630) Born: ca. 1590 – England. Born: ca. 1590 – England. Married: November 19, 1610 – Married: November 19, 1610 – Olney, Buckinghamshire, Olney, Buckinghamshire, England (?). England (?). Immigrated to N.E.: 1639 Immigrated to N.E.: 1639 Died: 1667 – Salisbury, MA. (?) Died: before 1630 – Salisbury, MA. (?) 1 *SUSANNAH (SUSAN) NORTH *GEORGE MARTIN1 MARTIN1 (1621 - 1692) (ca. 1618 - 1686) – 2nd wife of: – widower and blacksmith. *GEORGE MARTIN1 Born: ca. 1618 – England, possibly Born: 1621 – Olney, Colchester, Essex. Buckinghamshire, England. Immigrated to N.E.: 1639 Baptized: September 30, 1621 – Married (2nd wife): August 11, 1646 – Olney, Buckinghamshire, Salisbury, MA. England. Children: eight (8). Immigrated to N.E.: 1639

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Married: August 11, 1646 – Home: Since 1654 – Amesbury, Salisbury, Massachusetts. Massachusetts. Children: eight (8). Died: November 23, 1686 – Amesbury, Home: Since 1654 – Amesbury, Massachusetts. Massachusetts. [Note: First wife was HANNAH (?) Died: July 19, 1692 – Salem, MA; MARTIN1 who he married in England hanged as an accused witch or in 1642 in New England; they had during the “Salem Witchcraft one child: HANNAH MARTIN Hysteria of 1692.” (WORTHEN)2 (1643 - ? ) .] 2 *JANE MARTIN HADLEY2 *SAMUEL HADLEY2 – weaver. (1656 - after 1704) (1652/55 - 1745) Born: November 2, 1656 – Born: 1652 or 1655 – Ipswich, Amesbury, Massachusetts. Massachusetts. Married: August 11, 1676 – Married: August 11, 1676 – Amesbury, Amesbury, Massachusetts. Massachusetts. Children: fourteen (14). Children: fourteen (14). Died: after 1704 – probably Died: December 14, 1745 – Amesbury, Amesbury, Massachusetts. Massachusetts. 3 *SUSANNAH HADLEY *THOMAS POTTER3 POTTER3 (ca. 1694 - 1739) (1691 - 1753) Born: ca. 1694 – Amesbury, Born: April 13/15, 1691 – Ipswich, Massachusetts. Massachusetts. Married: (Int.) September 18, 1714 Married: (Int.) September 18, 1714 – – Ipswich, Massachusetts. Ipswich, Massachusetts. Children: twelve (12). Church Membership: One of first Died: 1739 or October 20, 1776 – members of the Linebrook Parish Ipswich Farms, Church in Ipswich Farms, MA.. Massachusetts. Children: twelve (12). Died: April 22/23, 1753 – Ipswich Farms, Massachusetts. 4 *ANTHONY POTTER4 (Deacon) (1) MARY DAVIS POTTER4 (1724 - 1791) (1724 – 1762) Born: November 13, 1724 – Born: November 11, 1724 – Ipswich, Massachusetts. Ipswich Farms, Massachusetts. Baptized: November 15, 1724 – Married: Int. October 12, 1745 – Topsfield Congregational Ipswich, Massachusetts. Church, Massachusetts. Children: six (6). Military Service: Sergeant in the “1st Died: April 26, 1762 – Ipswich Farms, Company of Foot, Linebrook Massachusetts. Parish,” Ipswich Farms, MA. during the French & Indian CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 198

War in 1756; veteran of the (2) *MARTHA (?) WILLIAMS Revolutionary War. PERKINS BRADSTREET Married: (twice): POTTER4 (1731 - 1803) (1) October 12, 1745 – – widow. Ipswich, MA. Born: August 23, 1730/31 – (2) October 20, 1762 – Gloucester, Massachusetts. Topsfield, MA. Married: October 20, 1762 – Topsfield, Children: by 1st Wife: six (6). Massachusetts. by 2nd Wife: five (5). Children: five (5). Church: Chosen Deacon of Death: June 12, 1803 – Ipswich Farms, Linebrook Parish Church Massachusetts at 72 years of in Ipswich, Massachusetts age. on January 3, 1771. Buried: Linebrook Parish Cemetery at Died: June 22, 1791 – Ipswich the corner of Linebrook Road Farms, Massachusetts at 67 and Newbury Road, Ipswich, years of age. MA.; her gravestone is Buried: Linebrook Parish Cemetery inscribed: at the corner of Linebrook “Mrs. MARTHA POTTER Road and Newbury Road, consort of Deacon Ipswich, Massachusetts; his ANTHONY POTTER died gravestone is inscribed: June 12, 1803 Aet 72.” “The end of the righteous man is peace.” Notes: (1) No doubt that *JANE MARTIN HADLEY2 (1656 - after 1704) named her daughter, *SUSANNAH HADLEY POTTER3 (ca. 1684 (or) ca. 1693 - 1739), after her unfortunate, victimized mother, *SUSANNAH NORTH MARTIN1 (1621 - 1692). (2) 6X Great Grandmother *JANE MARTIN HADLEY2 (1656 - after 1704) was also the 4X Great Grandmother of CHESTER A. ARTHUR6 (1829 - 1886), the “21st President of the United States.”

1647: Ipswich, Massachusetts: On January 4, 1647, the Town of Ipswich appointed a building committee comprised of Mr. WILLIAM PAYNE0 (1598 – 1660), Mr. JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), and Mr. (Sgt.) RICHARD JACOB0 (ca. 1620 – 1672) to oversee the construction of a wooden “Cart Bridge” over the Ipswich River for the passage of horses and carts. The resulting wooden bridge built in 1647 lasted only fifteen years and needed to be replaced in 1662. The next bridge built in 1662 was replaced in 1683. By 1700, it was in bad condition again. On May 9, 1700, JOHN WHIPPLE0’s (1596 – 1669) grandson and namesake, Lieutenant JOHN WHIPPLE2 (1657 – 1722), was on the building committee to consider what was the most proper direction to take in regards to the “Great Bridge.” <<< CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 199

Boston, Massachusetts: On June 14, 1647, MARGARET TYNDAL WINTHROP0 (ca. 1591 – 1647), the beloved third wife of Governor JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649), died at about 56 years of age and was buried in Boston, Massachusetts. They had been married twenty-nine years. She was the daughter of the knight, Sir JOHN TYNDAL-1. JOHN WINTHROP0’s brother-in-law was DEANE TYNDAL0, a Lieutenant Colonel serving in one of Sir THOMAS FAIRFAX0’s (1612 – 1671) regiments that had besieged Royalist forces at Colchester, Essex during the “English Civil War.”

The *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 -1690) Family of Ipswich, MA. 1648 Name Age *ANTHONY POTTER1 20 yrs. st 1. ELIZABETH WHIPPLE POTTER1 (1 wife) 21 yrs.

1648: Ipswich, Massachusetts: 1648 started as a joyous year and ended as a sad year for young 19 year old *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690). [*ANTHONY POTTER1's First Marriage] He began the year happily by marrying 20 year old ELIZABETH WHIPPLE (POTTER)1 (1627 – 1648), his childhood sweetheart, and daughter of his beloved and admired Deacon JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) who was like a father to him and maybe his uncle. They were married in Ipswich in early 1648 just before or after April 1st when they purchased their first home. [According to the Ipswich Historical Society, "they were married about 1647." 108] Most of the principal and famous citizens of Ipswich of that time probably attended their wedding.

[Note: MARRIAGE CUSTOMS: It was customary in those days for wealthy parents to arrange the marriages of their children. The couple would be contracted in a betrothal ceremony corresponding to our engagement. The children might be consulted, but marriages involved the transfer of large amounts of property, often large quantities of land, belonging to the parents to the couple. When a boy and girl were married, the father of each of them was expected to endow the couple with capital in land, goods, or money, and every father wished to get as much as possible out of the other father. In this case, possibly Deacon JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) representing both of them, started them off in life with a generous endowment.109 The wedding was performed at home by a magistrate in a simple civil ceremony. There were no holy vows or wedding rings which the Puritans disapproved. The couple was required to register their marriage in a civil book kept by the town clerk. There followed a modest wedding dinner celebration highlighted by the singing of a psalm.]

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Table 32: Pedigree of ELIZABETH WHIPPLE POTTER1 (1627 – 1648), 1st Wife of 8X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690). Gen. Name Spouse -3 THOMAS WHIPPLE-3 Unknown (1475 – 1535) -2 THOMAS WHIPPLE-2 MARGARET (?) WHIPPLE-1 (1510 - ? ) ( ? - 1577) Bishop’s Stortford, Died: ca. June, 1577 – Bocking, Hertfordshire, England. Essex, England. Buried: June 13, 1577 – Bocking, Essex, England (or) DOROTHY (?) WHIPPLE-1 ( ? - ? ) -1 MATTHEW WHIPPLE SR-1 JOAN(NA) STEPHENS “The Elder” (ca. 1550/60 – 1619) WHIPPLE-1 (1561/62 – 1612) – clothier. Born: ca. 1561/62 – England. Born: ca. 1550/60 – Bocking, Essex, Married: ca. 1580/82 - England. “St. Mary’s Church,” Baptized: “St. Mary’s Church,” Bocking, Essex, England. Bocking, Essex, England. Children (9): 2 sons and 7 daughters. Married: 1580/82 – “St. Mary’s Died: ca. May, 1612 – Bocking, Church,” Bocking, Essex, Essex, England. England. Buried: May 19, 1612 - Children (9): 2 sons and 7 daughters. “St. Mary’s Church,” Died: ca. Jan. (?), 1619 - Bocking, Essex, England. Bocking, Essex, England. Buried: January 16, 1619 – [Note: One unconfirmed source says “St. Mary’s Church,” she was JOHANNA FULLER Bocking, Essex, England. WHIPPLE-1 (1593 – 1612).] Last Will: made December 19, 1616; proved January 28, 1618/19. 0 JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), - 1st Wife: SUSANNA CLARKE - Elder. WHIPPLE0 Born: 1596 – Bocking, Essex, Eng. (ca. 1594 – before 1634) Bapt.: August 29, 1596 Born: ca. 1594 – Theydon Garnon, “St. Mary’s Church,” Essex, England. Bocking, Essex, England.

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Married three (3) times: Bapt.: January 11, 1596 – Theydon (1) SUSANNA CLARKE Garnon, Essex, England. WHIPPLE0 Married: August 28, 1621 - (ca. 1594 – before 1634) on “St. Andrew by the Wardrobe August 28, 1621 – “St. Andrew by Church,” London, England. the Wardrobe Church,” London, Died: Before February 20, 1634 – England. Bocking, Essex, England. (2) SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN or nd WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – 1662) 2 Wife: SARAH HAWKINS Before February 20, 1634 – COPPIN WHIPPLE0 “St. Mary’s Church,” Bocking, (ca. 1605 – 1662) Essex, England. Born: February 9/10, ca. 1605 (3) JENNETT (JANET) BROOKS Braintree, Essex, England. DICKINSON WHIPPLE0 Married twice: st (1620 – 1687) after April, 1662 at 1 Husband: WILLIAM COPPIN0 Ipswich, Massachusetts. on September 26, 1622 – Children (11): 5 sons and “St. Mary’s Church,” 6 daughters. Bocking, Essex, England. nd Emigrated: ca. 1638 from Bocking, 2 Husband: JOHN WHIPPLE0 Essex, England. before February 20, 1634 at Died: June 30, 1669 – Ipswich, MA. “St. Mary’s Church,” Last Will: made May 19, 1669; Bocking, Essex, England. paid September 28, 1669; Died: April, 1662 – Ipswich, bequeathed his entire Massachusetts. estate to his only son, (See Note #1.) Captain JOHN WHIPPLE1 (1625 – 1683). 1 ELIZABETH WHIPPLE *ANTHONY POTTER1 st POTTER1 (1627 – 1648) – 1 Wife (ca. 1628 – 1690) of *ANTHONY POTTER1 Born: ca. 1628 – England. (ca. 1628 – 1690) Married 1st: ca. 1647 – Ipswich, MA. Born: November 1, 1627 – Married 2nd: 1652 – Ipswich, MA. Bocking, Essex, England. 2nd Wife: *ELIZABETH STONE Married: ca. 1647 – Ipswich, POTTER1 (1629 – 1712) Massachusetts. Children by 2nd Wife: (7): Children: None. 5 sons and 2 daughters. Died: December 15, 1648 – Ipswich, Died: February or March, 1690 – Massachusetts at 21 years of Ipswich, Massachusetts. age probably from Buried: Probably in the “Ancient complications from attempted Old North Burial Ground,” childbirth. Ipswich, Massachusetts; CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 202

Buried: One source says she was grave marker has long ago “buried in the yard of the disappeared. house built by Major Last Will: made December 27, 1689; General DENNISON near proved March 26, 1690. the present stone mill in Ipswich.” Grave marker has long ago disappeared. Notes: (1) Some genealogical records show that JOHN WHIPPLE0’s (1596 – 1669) first wife, SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1594 – before 1634), was ELIZABETH WHIPPLE POTTER1’s (1627 – 1648) mother. Other records show that JOHN WHIPPLE0’s (1596 – 1669) second wife, SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – 1662), was her mother. Genealogists have yet to find out SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0’s date of death believed to be sometime before 1634 in England which will determine which of JOHN WHIPPLE0’s children were actually hers. [Note: There is still much mystery about JOHN WHIPPLE0’s (1596 – 1669) second wife who was identified as SARAH HAWKINS0 (ca. 1605 – 1662) but who was reported by Genealogist BLAINE WHIPPLE10 (1930 – 2015) to have married WILLIAM COPPIN0 on September 26, 1622 in St. Mary’s Church in Bocking, Essex, England.] (2) ELIZABETH WHIPPLE POTTER1 (1627 – 1648) died without issue on November 15, 1648 or December 15, 1648 probably from complications of an attempted childbirth. We are descended from *ANTHONY POTTER1’s second wife, *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 – 1712), whom he married about 1652. (3) SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1594 – before 1634) was born about 1594 and was baptized on January 11, 1595 in Theydon Garnon, Essex, England. She was the daughter of STEPHEN CLARKE-1 (ca. 1566 – 1610) and his second wife, ELIZABETH REYNOLDS CLARKE-1 (ca. 1570 or 1578 – ca. 1609), who married on December 8, 1607 in Theydon Garnon, Essex, England. She married Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) on August 28, 1621 at “St. Andrew by the Wardrobe Church” in London, England. She died before 1634 in Bocking, Essex, England. She may have been the mother of up to seven (7) of Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0’s (1596 – 1669) eleven (11) known children. (4) SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – 1662) was born on ca. 1605 in Braintree, Essex, England. She was the daughter of Gentleman JOHN HAWKINS-1 (ca. 1570 – ca. 1619), a wealthy clothier of Braintree, Essex, England, and his second wife, MARY LEVITT HAWKINS-1 (ca. 1570 – 1635). She

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married first WILLIAM COPPIN0 on September 26, 1622 in “St. Mary’s Church” in Bocking, Essex, England. It is conjectured that WILLIAM COPPIN0 died young and that she married second Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) sometime before February 20, 1634, the day her known daughter, MARY WHIPPLE (STONE)1 (1634 – 1720), was born in Bocking, Essex, England. Records clearly show that she emigrated to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1638 with her known daughter, MARY WHIPPLE (STONE)1 (1634 – 1720). She was either the mother or step-mother of ELIZABETH WHIPPLE POTTER1 (1627 – 1648). She died in April, 1662 in Ipswich, Massachusetts.

However, 1648 would end on a sad note. *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) would have no children by this first marriage, for his young wife, ELIZABETH WHIPPLE POTTER1 (1627 – 1648), would die on December 15, 1648, just nine or ten months after they were married. Did she die in an attempted childbirth (most probably), or by one of the deadly diseases of the time, we probably will never know? ELIZABETH WHIPPLE POTTER1 (1627 – 1648) and her unborn or stillborn child may have been buried in the “Ancient Old North Burial Ground” on High Street, Ipswich, close to the marked grave of *ANTHONY POTTER1's second wife, 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 – 1712), which is located in the right front easternmost corner of the graveyard (as you face it from High Street). However, one source says she was “buried in the yard of the house built by Major General DENNISON (DANIEL DENISON1 (1612 – 1682)) near the present stone mill in Ipswich.” This was the home of the newlyweds 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) and ELIZABETH WHIPPLE POTTER1 (1627 – 1648) located between the present Market, Union, and Saltonstall (Winter) Streets in Ipswich, Massachusetts which they purchased on April 1, 1648 from JOHN BURNHAM1, the second owner of this property. This was most likely her last resting place. If *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) was poor when he came to North America, his close association with Deacon JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), "a man of good ranke and quality", and especially his marriage to Deacon JOHN WHIPPLE0's (1596 – 1669) daughter, would have assured his financial status and social standing in the Ipswich community. <<<

THE FIRST HOMESTEAD (1648 - 1661): Ipswich, Massachusetts: On April 1, 1648, 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1, now 19 or 20 years of age and newly married, purchased from JOHN BURNHAM1, carpenter, a two-acre lot and dwelling house near the water (stone) mill in Ipswich with commonage belonging.110 [Note: The approach to the mill in 1639 was over marshy land by way of Union Street.] This property is located between the present Market, Union, and Saltonstall (Winter) Streets and was late the estate of CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 204

HUMPHREY GRIFFIN0 (1605 – 1662), the Ipswich butcher, who had purchased this property from DANIEL DENISON1 (1612 – 1682), son of WILLIAM DENISON0, on January 19, 1641.111 According to Ipswich Town records, in the original division of lands, DANIEL DENISON1 (1612 – 1682) received these two acres near the Ipswich water mill. This was the first residence (1648 - 1661) of *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) and his new bride, ELIZABETH WHIPPLE POTTER1 (1627 – 1648) and was next door to her father, Deacon JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), who lived directly (southwest) across Winter (now Saltonstall) Street. The house *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) purchased was built 13 years earlier in 1635 by young (23 year old) DANIEL DENISON1 (1612 – 1682) not far from the old stone mill which was located at the end of Union and Saltonstall (Winter) Streets on the Ipswich River (Mill River).112 In addition, on June 1, 1648, *ANTHONY POTTER1 Figure 24: Map of Ipswich, Massachusetts ca. 1640 (ca. 1628 – 1690) purchased from HUMPHREY GRIFFIN0 showing *ANTHONY POTTER1’s (ca. 1628 – 1690) first homestead located between Market, Union, and (1605 – 1662), the Ipswich Saltonstall (Winter) Streets from April 1, 1648 to butcher, a house lot of three January 29, 1661. The property was originally owned acres adjacent to Sergeant by DANIEL DENISON1 (1612 – 1682). RICHARD JACOB0 (ca. 1614 – 1672) in Ipswich. He also purchased ten acres of land butting on the Ipswich River and lying amongst the lots granted to the Pequot Indian War soldiers, lying between the lots of WILLIAM PRITCHETT JR0 (ca. 1617 – 1675) and Sergeant THOMAS CLARK0 (1605 – 1690), the younger, who was a tanner and operated a tan yard at the foot of Stoney Street (now Summer Street) and Water Street in Ipswich.113 <<< CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 205

Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 - 1683) was the eldest surviving son of JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) of Ipswich, Massachusetts. His name occurs for the first time in the Ipswich Town Records in 1648.114 Though another source states that he was first mentioned as a settler of Ipswich, Massachusetts in 1649.115 <<<

[DENISON1 Compensation]: In 1648, 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) was one of the 155 subscribers to Major DANIEL 116 DENISON1's compensation as “train band” commander. Earlier in 1637, DANIEL DENISON1 (1612 – 1682) was appointed Captain of the Ipswich Train Band (Ipswich militia company) that met for drill eight times per year.117 The yearly compensation of 24 pounds and 7 shillings yearly, to encourage him in his military helpfulness, would continue as long as he shall be their leader. Military training was mandatory for young men when they reached the age of 16 years. DANIEL DENISON1 (1612 – 1682) attained great distinction in the colony. He was the Ipswich Town Clerk, a local magistrate, Deputy to the General Court seven times, a member of the House of Representatives many years and Speaker in 1649 and 1659. He was appointed Captain of the Ipswich Train Band (Ipswich Militia Company), Major of the Essex Regiment, Commissioner to treat with the French Governor of at Fort Pentagouet at Majabagaduce (Castine, Maine) on Bay in 1646 (Governor CHARLES de MENOU d’AULNAY1 (ca. 1604 – 1650)) and again in 1653, and Major General of the Colonial forces in command of three regiments for eleven years between 1652 and 1680 including “King Philip’s War.” He was Assistant of the Colony from 1653 until his death on September 20th, 1682. <<< Boston, Massachusetts: On June 15, 1648, MARGARET JONES1 (no relation) was executed in Boston for witchcraft. <<<

1649: England: In 1649, King CHARLES I0 was tried and condemned to death. On Tuesday, January 30th, 1649 he was beheaded. <<< Boston, Massachusetts: In February, 1649, Governor JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649) went to bed with a feverish distemper and a cough. He died a month later on March 26, 1649. He was buried in the King’s Chapel burying ground in Boston, Massachusetts. He was 61 years old. The colony lost a great man and a great leader. No one made a greater difference in making New England what it became than Governor JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649). His sermon on “Christian Charity” has resonated through the centuries: “We must love one another with a pure heart, fervently, so that we delight in each other, mourn together, labor and suffer together.” <<<

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Ipswich, Massachusetts: In 1649 “Widow” STACE0, Aunt ELIZABETH CLARKE STACY0 (1602 – 1669), widow of Uncle SIMON STACE (STACY)0 (1597 – 1644), was granted half of a parcel of meadow lying by Mr. SALTON0 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. <<<

1650:

The JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) Family of Ipswich, MA. 1650 Name Age

Deacon JOHN WHIPPLE0 54 yrs. st 1. SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0 (1 wife) deceased (married 1621) (before 1634)

a. SUSANNAH WHIPPLE WORTH1 28 yrs. 1. LIONEL WORTH1 30 yrs. a. SUSANNA WORTH (PILLSBURY)1 1 yr. b. JOHN WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1624) c. JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (Captain) 25 yrs. d. ELIZABETH WHIPPLE POTTER1 deceased (died 1648) 1. *ANTHONY POTTER1 (mar. 1648) 22 yrs. e. MATTHEW WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1634) f. WILLIAM WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1641) g. ANNE WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1634) nd 2. SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 (2 wife) 51 yrs. a. MARY WHIPPLE (STONE)1 16 yrs. b. JUDITH WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1637) c. MATTHEW WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1638) d. SARAH WHIPPLE (GOODHUE)1 9 yrs. Note: Since we do not know: (1) SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0’s (ca. 1594 – before 1634) date of death which was sometime before 1634 in England, or (2) the marriage date of SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – 1662) which was sometime before 1634 in England, we cannot know for certain which of JOHN WHIPPLE0’s children were offspring from each of his first two wives.

*ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) Family of Ipswich, MA. 1650 Name Age

*ANTHONY POTTER1 22 yrs. st 1. ELIZABETH WHIPPLE POTTER1 (1 wife) deceased (died 1648)

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Topsfield, Massachusetts: The Indian village named “Shenewemedy,” renamed the village at “New Meadows” by the first English settlers, had been finally named “Toppes Field” in 1648. In 1650 the Massachusetts General Court passed an order creating the town of “Topsfield,” Massachusetts. Thus, Topsfield was incorporated as a separate town and became a distinct community in 1650. By apportioning land south of the Ipswich River to Topsfield which had previously (1639) been given to Salem Village, many bitter disputes arose over the bounds and ownership of land in this area. The PUTNAM family of Salem Village (Danvers), who already owned hundreds of acres of land in the disputed area as early as 1639, remonstrated in 1650 but no heed was paid to them by the General Court. The PUTNAMs persisted in claiming the land and cutting timber. Suit after suit was brought in the courts by them and the town of Topsfield. Topsfield seemed to win every case. It is believed that the infamous witchcraft delusion of 1692 in Salem Village (Danvers) largely came about because of these disputes over bounds and the ownership of land. <<<

[English Civil War (1642 – 1651)]: After going across and stamping out the Irish rebellion with a great deal of cruelty in 1649, OLIVER CROMWELL0 (1599 – 1658) and his “Ironsides” made short work of one Scottish army at Dunbar in 1650 and of another headed by King CHARLES II1 (1630 - 1685), which had invaded England, at Worcester in 1651. <<<

Dunbar, Scotland: [English Civil War: Battle of Dunbar – September 3, 1650] On September 3, 1650, our young 19-year old 8X Great Grandfather *PETER GRANT0 (ca. 1634 – ca. 1712) was captured at the “Battle of Dunbar” in Dunbar, Scotland during the English Civil War. The battle ended in the most terrible rout for the Scots. Some were chased by the English for as much as eight miles. Three thousand (3,000) Scots were believed slain and ten thousand (10,000) taken prisoner including 8X Great Grandfather *PETER GRANT0 (ca. 1634 – ca. 1712). On the forced march south the prisoners suffered fearful hardships. Many Scot prisoners were subsequently deported to America. 8X Great Grandfather *PETER GRANT0 (ca. 1634 – ca. 1712) and other Scot prisoners were exiled on the ship “Unity” commanded by Captain AUGUSTINE WALKER-1, arriving in Boston, Massachusetts at the end of December, 1650. He would finally settle and end his days in Upper Kittery (Berwick), Maine. >>>[See: “APPENDIX 7A: *GRANT PEDIGREE” for more details.]<<<

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1651: Boston, Massachusetts: In 1651, the Massachusetts General Court passed specific legislation against drunkenness, games, dancing, and showy apparel. Idolatry, blasphemy, schism, heresy, venting of corrupt and pernicious opinions and profanation of the Lord's Day became punishable crimes. <<< Springfield, Massachusetts: In 1651, a witchcraft trial was held in Springfield, Massachusetts. <<<

Worcester, England: [English Civil War: Battle of Worcester – September 3, 1651] On September 3, 1651, 9X Great Grandfather *JAMES GRANT-1 (ca. 1605 – 1683), “The Drummer,” of Auchterblair, Highland, Scotland and his son, Uncle JAMES GRANT0 (brother of *PETER GRANT0 (ca. 1634 – ca. 1712)), were captured at the “Battle of Worcester” (image at right) in Worcester England, the last battle of the English Civil War. The battle was another disaster for the Scots. The English crushed the Scots in the narrow alleys of Worcester, killing thousands. Eight or nine thousand Scot prisoners were taken including 9X Great Grandfather *JAMES GRANT-1 (ca. 1605 – 1683) and his son, Uncle JAMES GRANT0 (brother of *PETER GRANT0 (ca. 1634 – ca. 1712)) and were subsequently deported to America on the ship, “John and Sarah.” >>>[See: “APPENDIX “7A”: *GRANT PEDIGREE” for more details.] <<<

1652: Ipswich, Massachusetts: On January 26, 1652, Deacon JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) was chosen to be on a committee with the responsibility of establishing a grammar school in Ipswich, Massachusetts, hiring a school master, and to regulate all matters regarding the maintenance of same. The school was subsequently built at the corner of County Road and Poplar Street in Ipswich. <<<

Ipswich, Massachusetts: [*ANTHONY POTTER1's Second Marriage] In 1652, three to four years after his first wife died, young 24 years old *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) married for the second time. He took in marriage as his second wife, young 23 year old *ELIZABETH STONE (POTTER)1 (1629 - 1712), daughter of Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) and his second wife, *LYDIA (?) COOPER STONE0 (ca. 1597 - 1674) of Cambridge, Massachusetts. [Note: *ELIZABETH STONE (POTTER)1 (1629 - 1712) was born in Great Bromley, Essex County, England and emigrated with her parents from Nayland, Suffolk County, England.] 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) and 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE (POTTER)1 (1629 - 1712) lived in Ipswich, Massachusetts and had seven children. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 209

Table 33: The Children of 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) and 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 - 1712) of Ipswich, Massachusetts. No. Name Birth Death Spouse 1 JOHN “the cooper” 1652/1653 Sept. 9, (1) SARAH POTTER2 (1652/53 – 1718) Ipswich, 1718 FELLOWS2 Veteran of “King Philip’s MA. Ipswich, (1657 – in/before 1689) War” from 1675 to 1676; MA. married in 1677; Captain THOMAS children: two (2). WHEELER2’s (ca. 1621 – at 66 yrs. of (2) SARAH 1676) Company of Horse; age. KIMBALL2 credited at Groton garrison - (1661 – 1724) paid July 24, 1676. married: 1689; children: four (4).

2 EDMUND POTTER2 1654/1655 April 2, (1) ABIGAIL WELLS2 (1654/55 – 1702) Ipswich, 1702 (1662 – ca. 1700) Veteran of “King Philip’s MA. Ipswich, married before 1680; War” from 1675 to 1676; MA. children: four (4). trooper in Captain JOHN APPLETON1 ‘s (1622 – Last Will (2) JOHANA TUTTLE 1699) Essex County troop of made BISHOP cavalry; served in Major March 18, PICKARD2 SAMUEL APPLETON2’s 1702 (1664 – 1764) (1625 – 1696) Massachusetts married ca. Dec. 1701 Regiment at “The Great Last Will children: none. Swamp Fight” on December paid 19, 1675 and the following April 13, “Narragansett Winter 1702 Campaign” in 1675-1676.

3 *SAMUEL POTTER2 ca. 1657 July, 1714 (1) *JOANNA WOOD2 (ca. 1657 – 1714) Ipswich, Ipswich, (1661 – ca. 1693) (6X Great Grandfather) MA. MA. married ca. 1684; children: six (6). Last Will (2) RUTH DUNTON2 made (1663 – 1705) July 7, 1714 married April 18, 1694 children: four (4). Last Will (3) SARAH CHILSON paid BURNETT2 August 2, ( ? - ca. 1722) 1714 married Dec. 4, 1705 children: three (3).

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4 ELIZABETH POTTER ca. 1661 Dec. 4 or THOMAS KIMBALL2 (KIMBALL)2 - twin Ipswich, 24, 1723 (1657 – 1732) (ca. 1661 – 1723) MA. Wenham, married ca. 1681; MA. children: seven (7). 5 LYDIA POTTER ca. 1661 April, 1745 JONATHAN (PUTNAM)2 – twin. Ipswich, Salem PUTNAM2 -Captain (ca. 1661 – 1745) MA. Village (1659 – 1739) (Danvers), married 1683; MA. children: eleven (11).

Last Will [Note: He was a member made of the infamous PUTNAM Sept. 14, family of Salem Village at 1742 the heart of the “Salem Witchcraft Hysteria of Last Will 1692.”] paid April 8, 1745

6 THOMAS POTTER2 1664 March 3, MARY KIMBALL2 (1664 – 1745) Ipswich, 1745 (1671 - ? ) MA. Ipswich, married June 16, 1696 MA. children: eight (8).

Last Will paid March 17, 1746

7 ANTHONY POTTER JR2 1667 May 17, MARTHA DRESSER2 - Deacon (1667 – 1756) Ipswich, 1756 (1671 – 1728) MA. Ipswich, married July 11, 1695; MA. children: ten (10).

The seven (7) children of 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) and 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 - 1712) would produce sixty (60) grandchildren but only forty-nine (49) of them would reach adulthood. Eleven of their grandchildren died as infants or very young which was common at that time; for, medical knowledge, science, and technology for neonatal and pediatric care, as we know today, did not exist then. <<<

Cambridge, Massachusetts: In 1652, 7X Great Grandfather Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) was one of the wealthiest men in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. After leaving England in 1635, Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) had finally settled in Newtowne (Cambridge), Massachusetts in 1637 where he had some famous

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orchards for his day. His home was on Garden Street opposite Shepard Street and his farm encompassed the site (1910) of the Botanic Gardens of Harvard University. He was mentioned as a “Deacon” as early as 1643. On June 4, 1652 in a division of land he received one hundred acres adjoining his Cambridge farm in what is now Lexington and Lincoln. He became one of the most extensive land-owners of Cambridge and of Cambridge Farms (now Lexington), his estate extending to the Charles River and including a part of the present site of Mount Auburn Cemetery. His homestead remained in the possession of his descendants until 1830. 7X Great Grandfather Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) was one of the most prominent men of his day. He was “Deacon” of the “First Congregational Church” in Cambridge, Massachusetts where he served thirty-four years. He was also Deputy to the General Court, a civil magistrate and one of the Governor’s deputies. He no doubt knew Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) of Ipswich, Massachusetts very well since he too was a Deputy to the General Court. Possibly it was through this relationship that *ELIZABETH STONE (POTTER)1 (1629 – 1712) was introduced to *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690). <<<

The GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) Family of Cambridge, Massachusetts 1652 Name Age

*Deacon GREGORY STONE0 60 yrs. st 1. MARGARET GARRAD STONE0 (1 wife – mar. 1617) deceased (died 1626) A. JOHN STONE1 (Elder) (mar. 1638) 34 yrs. 1. ANNE ROGERS TREADWAY STONE1 37 yrs. a. HANNAH STONE2 12 yrs. b. JOHN STONE JR2 10 yrs. c. DANIEL STONE2 (Deacon) 8 yrs. d. DAVID STONE2 6 yrs. e. MARY STONE2 3 yrs. f. ELIZABETH STONE2 2 yrs. B. DANIEL STONE1 (Surgeon) 32 yrs. 1. MARY HOWES STONE1 (mar. ca. 1643) 32 yrs. (est.) a. MARY STONE2 8 yrs. b. SARAH STONE2 7 yrs. c. DANIEL STONE JR2 5 yrs. d. ELIZABETH STONE2 3 yrs. C. DAVID STONE1 30 yrs. 1. DORCAS (?) STONE1 (mar. ca. 1648) (?) yrs. a. DAVID STONE JR2 2 yrs. b. DANIEL STONE2 1 yr. c. DORCAS STONE2 Infant CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 212

D. ELIZABETH STONE1 deceased (died 1626) nd 2. *LYDIA (?) COOPER STONE0 (2 wife – mar. 1627) 55 yrs. (est.) A. JOHN COOPER JR1 (Stepson) 34 yrs. 1. Wife? (?) yrs.

B. LYDIA COOPER FISKE1 (Stepdaughter) 32 yrs. (est.) 1. DAVID FISKE1 (Lieutenant) (?) yrs. a. Children? (?) yrs.

C. *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 23 yrs. 1. *ANTHONY POTTER1 (mar. 1652) 24 yrs. a. JOHN “the cooper” POTTER2 Infant D. SAMUEL STONE1 (Deacon) 21 yrs. E. SARAH STONE (MERRIAM)1 19 yrs.

Figure 25: The Deacon SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665) homestead

known as the “Stone Farm” in Watertown, Massachusetts which is now Moun t Auburn Cemetery. (Courtesy: Watertown Free Public Library)

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Watertown, Massachusetts: Deacon SIMON STONE0 (1586- 1665), older brother of Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672), and Uncle of *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 - 1712), also had a fine orchard on his fifty (50) acre homestead farm, the “Stone Farm,” in Watertown, Massachusetts which is now partly “Mount Auburn Cemetery.” His Watertown orchard was famous for his “Great Pear Tree” which was said to be 285 years old when it was cut down in 1921. Interestingly, during the early days of the colony, JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649) (image at right) also planted fruit trees on his farm, the “Winthrop Farm,” on the banks of the Mystic River in present day Somerville, Massachusetts. Also, JOHN ENDECOTT (1588 – 1665) sent fruit Figure 26: The “Great Pear Tree” 0 trees to be planted in the WINTHROP ’s (285 years old when cut down in 1921) 0 garden on Governor’s Island in Boston on the farm of Deacon SIMON Harbor. In June, 1643 it was recorded that STONE (1586 – 1665) in Watertown, 0 JOHN WINTHROP (1588 – 1649) and Massachusetts now Mount Auburn 0 his family enjoyed the day in their orchard Cemetery. on Governor’s Island. (Courtesy: Watertown Free Public But an even more likely Library) connection between the POTTER and STONE families was the opportunity presented by two successful New England orchard farmers – the veteran Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) of Cambridge and the novice *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) of Ipswich. It is possible that it was the older and more experienced Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 that helped *ANTHONY POTTER1 get his start in orchard farming. Regardless they probably knew each other from their common livelihood, shared orchard farming knowledge, and brought their produce to the same farmers’ markets. *ELIZABETH STONE (POTTER)1 (1629 - 1712) was baptized on March 6, 1628 in the church at Nayland, Suffolk, England. She was the daughter of Deacon *GREGORY STONE0’s (1592 – 1672) second wife, *LYDIA (?) COOPER STONE0 CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 214

(ca. 1597 - 1674), widow of JOHN COOPER0 ( ? – prior to 1627). Her family (maiden) name has not yet been discovered in any record. *ELIZABETH STONE (POTTER)1 (1629 - 1712) would be the mother of 118 *ANTHONY POTTER1's seven children. <<<

West Dennis, Massachusetts: In the 20th Century the POTTER and STONE families would reconnect by happenstance. Distant cousin ROBERT WELLMAN (BOB) STONE9 (1918 – 2004) was a descendant of Uncle Deacon SIMON STONE0 (1586- 1665), brother of our 8X Great Grandfather Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672). In June, 1938 Cousin ROBERT WELLMAN (BOB) STONE9 (1918 – 2004) purchased the site of an old U.S. Coast Guard station on Cape Cod and founded the “Lighthouse Inn” on the ocean in West Dennis, Massachusetts where he loved to wear colorful and outlandish sports jackets when he entertained guests at his inn. He ran the “Lighthouse Inn” for over sixty years. He was also the charter president of the Harwich- Dennis Rotary Club. As it turned out, in 1979 *WILBURN METCALF POTTER10 (1946 - ? ), at that time a Chemical Engineer working at the Polaroid Corporation in New Bedford, Massachusetts, was selected to join a six man team for a “Rotary International Group Study Exchange Program” to India. Cousin ROBERT WELLMAN (BOB) STONE9 (1918 – 2004) (2002 photo below with his family), having been an exchange team leader to India once before, was selected as the “Team Leader,” the only Rotarian on the six week tour. While their family relationship was not discovered until many years later, Cousin ROBERT WELLMAN (BOB) STONE9 (1918 – 2004) and *WILBURN METCALF POTTER10 (1946 - ? ) met and bonded on this wondrous 1979 tour to India where they were honored with a private audience with MOTHER TERESA9 (1910 – 1997), now a saint, and became life- long friends. One of their Indian hosts was EDUL EDULJE9 ( ? - 2001) a longtime friend of Cousin ROBERT WELLMAN (BOB) STONE9 (1918 – 2004) who had met him in India many years before. Cousin ROBERT WELLMAN (BOB) STONE9’s philanthropic spirit and fondness for India led him to establish the “Bob Stone Mobile Dental Clinic” in Nagpur, India which serves approximately 50,000 needy people each year. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 215

Cousin ROBERT WELLMAN (BOB) STONE9 (1918 – 2004) was born in 1918 in Worcester, Massachusetts and grew up in Auburn, Massachusetts. Cousin ROBERT WELLMAN (BOB) STONE9 (1918 – 2004), his wife, MARY LOUISE PACKARD STONE9, and their son, JONATHAN P. STONE10 all visited Great Bromley, Essex, England. At “St. George the Martyr Church,” sometimes proudly called the “Cathedral of the Tendring Hundred,” in Great Bromley, Essex, England, a book is kept for signatures of STONE descendants. Cousin ROBERT WELLMAN (BOB) STONE9 (1918 – 2004) and his son, JONATHAN P. STONE10, have both signed this book. Another son, GREGORY H. STONE10, apparently did not make this trip. Cousin ROBERT WELLMAN (BOB) STONE9 (1918 – 2004) died on October 1, 2004 at 86 years of age. Every spring the “Robert Stone Memorial Road Race” is held on Cape Cod in memory of the respected founder of the Harwich-Dennis Rotary Club. <<<

XV: THE SECOND GENERATION OF AMERICAN POTTERS IS BORN (1652 – ca.1667): Ipswich, Massachusetts: If 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) had not already obtained wealth from his first marriage, his second marriage into one of the wealthiest families in New England certainly assured his financial status and social standing in the Ipswich community. More than likely though, it was *ANTHONY1's already well established social standing that allowed him to enter the social circles of the most prominent citizens of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and marry one of their most eligible daughters. In 1652, within their first year of marriage, their first child and oldest son, Uncle JOHN POTTER2 (1652/53 - 1718), was born in their first home at the corner of Market and Saltonstall (Winter) Streets in Ipswich, Massachusetts.119 Another source120 states that JOHN POTTER2 was born about 1653. No doubt *ANTHONY1 named his first son in honor of his dearest father-in-law, Deacon JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669). His first son would become known by his occupation as JOHN “the cooper” POTTER2 and may have welcomed the title since his grandmother was 8X Great Grandmother *LYDIA (?) COOPER STONE0 (ca. 1597 - 1674). A cooper made or repaired wooden casks, barrels, tubs, and other rounded vessels, the sides of which are composed of separate staves, held together by hoops surrounding them. <<<

On October 7, 1652, Deacon JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) wrote a letter to his son, actually son-in-law, LIONEL WORTH1 (husband of SUSANNA WHIPPLE WORTH1) at Salisbury, Massachusetts mentioning (1) LIONEL’s brother (or brother-in- law) JOHN (WORTH1 or WHIPPLE)1 (?),(2) his wife SUSANNAH WHIPPLE WORTH1, (3) his 3 year old daughter SUSAN2 (SUSANNA WORTH PILLSBURY2) 121 and (4) his 1 year old daughter MARY2 (MARY WORTH2) “who should be weaned.” CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 216

Boston, Massachusetts: In 1652, the Massachusetts General Court required property as well as church membership as qualifications of voting, that is, “Freemanship.” <<<

Massachusetts Bay Colony: By 1652, Salem, Rowley, Lynn, Andover, and Marblehead had recorded cases of witchcraft. The WINTHROPs were skeptics when it came to witchcraft. It was probably due to the influence of JOHN WINTHROP0 (1588 – 1649) that there were no witchcraft trials in the Massachusetts Bay Colony until 1648. Also, JOHN WINTHROP JR1 (1606 – 1676) played a major role in bringing to a halt a spate of witchcraft trials in Connecticut in the 1650s. <<<

Shenfield, Essex, England: In the autumn of 1652 (some say he died in October, 1653), Reverend NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652), the son of the Reverend JOHN WARD-1 (1545 – 1602), died in Shenfield, Essex, England. During the last four years of his life, he had preached at “St. Mary the Virgin Church” in Shenfield, England (shown at right) where he was buried in the churchyard. <<<

1653: Rowley, Massachusetts: About 1653 (possibly May 5, 1653), twenty-seven year old Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) married MARTHA REYNOR (WHIPPLE)1 (1635 – 1679), daughter of HUMPHREY REYNOR0 (1610 - ? ) and MARY LANE REYNOR0 (1607 - ? ) of Rowley, Massachusetts. She would be the mother of Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1’s eight children. MARTHA REYNOR WHIPPLE1 (1635 – 1679) died on February 24, 1679 in Ipswich, Massachusetts.

Table 34: The Children of Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) and MARTHA REYNOR WHIPPLE1 (1635 – 1679) who married about 1653 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. No. Name Birth Death Spouse 1 JOHN WHIPPLE July 15, June 12, KATHERINE LAYTON2 III2 (Major) 1657 1722 (KETHERIN (1657 – 1722) Ipswich, Ipswich, LEIGHTON2) MA. MA. (1658 – 1721) Married: June 6, 1681 in at 64 yrs. of Ipswich, MA.; age. Children: eight (8).

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2 MATTHEW 1658 January 28, (1) JEMIMA LANE2 WHIPPLE2 (Major) Ipswich, 1739 (1666 – before 1688) (1658 – 1739) MA. Ipswich, Married: ca. 1684 in MA. Billerica, MA.; Children: One (1). at 80 yrs. of (2) JOHANNA age. APPLETON2 ( ? - ca. 1698) Married: ca. 1688 in Ipswich, MA.; Children: four (4). (3) MARTHA DENISON THING2 (ca. 1668 – 1728) Married: June 11, 1697 in Ipswich, MA.; Children: four (4). 3 SUSANNA 1661 August 4, JOHN LANE2 (Major) WHIPPLE (LANE)2 Ipswich, 1713 Married: January 2, 1681 in (1661 – 1713) MA. Billerica, Salem, MA.; MA. Children: eight (8) - all at 52 yrs. of born in Billerica, age. Massachusetts. 4 JOSEPH WHIPPLE2 March 6, August, Died at almost 1½ years of (1664 – 1665) 1664 1665 age. Ipswich, Ipswich, MA. MA. 5 JOSEPH WHIPPLE2 June 8, May 11, MARY SYMONDS2 (1666 – 1699) 1666 1699 ( ? - 1703) Ipswich, Ipswich, Married: Dec. 10, 1697 in MA. MA. Ipswich, MA.; at 32 yrs. of Children: One (1). age. 6 SARAH WHIPPLE Sept. 2, March 16, FRANCIS (WAINWRIGHT)2 1671 1709 WAINWRIGHT2 (1671 – 1709) Ipswich, Ipswich, (1664 – 1711) – Colonel; MA. MA. Married: March 12, 1686 in Ipswich, MA.; at 37 yrs. of Children: Seven (7) all age. born in Ipswich, Massachusetts. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 218

7 ANNA WHIPPLE2 (?) Before Died an infant. ( ? – 1675) Ipswich, Oct. 29, MA. 1675 Ipswich, MA. 8 ANNA WHIPPLE2 Oct. 29, Before 1683 Died a young girl. (1675 – before 1683) 1675 Ipswich, Ipswich, MA. MA. Note: On June 28, 1680 in Ipswich, Massachusetts, Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) married his second wife, ELIZABETH (COGSWELL) BURR PAINE1 (1636 – 1695), the widow of JOHN PAINE1 who died at sea in 1677. She was born in 1636 in Ipswich, Massachusetts and died January 2, 1695 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. They had no known children.

Ipswich, Massachusetts: In 1653, JOHN APPLETON1 (1622 – 1699) of Ipswich, Massachusetts was confirmed as Lieutenant of the troop of horse for the Essex Regiment. He would attain the rank of Captain of the troop by the commencement of “King Philip’s nd War” in 1675. On December 2 , 1675, young Uncle EDMUND POTTER2 (1654 – 1702) would be one of many Ipswich men impressed as cavalry troopers in Captain JOHN APPLETON1's (1622 – 1699) (Ipswich, Newbury, and Rowley) “Essex County Troop of Horse” for the Narragansett expedition from December 1675 to February, 1676. <<< [Laws Against Wearing Fine Clothes]: One of the earliest laws formulated by Calvin was the banning of all frivolous activities including the wearing of jewelry and lace. The Puritans, good Calvinists, took it a step further and objected to the Anglican prelates’ custom of wearing gold chains and fine clothes with gold braid. Churchmen, Puritans said, should be distinguished by their doctrines, not their garments; their conversation, not their dress; their purity of mind, not their adornment of person. Thus, the Puritan animus against “gay apparel” originated in this dispute about clerical vestments. They believed that anyone bedecked in and flounces must be as anti-Christian as a bishop. The founders of God's commonwealth were intent upon preserving the class distinctions and economic restrictions of Old England. In order to keep the lower classes from aping their betters, sumptuary legislation was passed. They had no illusions about the innate goodness of man, knowing him vile, corrupt and full of sin. As early as 1634, and again in 1639, the love of fine clothes was so notorious in the colony, that the General Court responded by passing many sumptuary laws which established what every good Puritan should wear and imposed a system of fines on men and women who disregarded them. Luxury, even if one could afford it, set one apart for condemnation; eccentricity would not be tolerated. One statute in 1634 forbade men and women of every rank to wear CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 219

“new fashions, or long hair, or anything of the like nature.” Also, any undue display in dress by a widow or any one in mourning was deeply frowned upon. A number of widows were presented at Court for wearing a silk scarf and silver bodkin while in mourning. The Reverend EZEKIEL ROGERS0 (1590 – 1660) of Rowley, Massachusetts bitterly detested the popular habit of long hair enjoyed by the frivolous youth of the colony and he assailed the practice with a fiery zeal. In 1645, the good old cantankerous Master NATHANIEL WARD0 (1578 – 1652), who was something of a woman-hater, even thundered out from the pulpit his ridicule and indignation against the women of the colony for wearing gay apparel and exotic French fashions. [London merchants were in the habit of sending to Boston all the imported headwear (French hats) they could not sell.] Finally, in 1651, the General Court ordered that "no person whose visible estate did not exceed 200 pounds should wear gold or silver lace, or such buttons, or any bone lace that cost more than 2 shillings per yard, or silk hoods or scarves, ...... " The selectmen of every town were ordered to judge whether the dress of men and women exceeded their “ranks and abilities.” Costly dress was restricted to those whose estates were worth more than 200 pounds, and also to families of magistrates. The penalty was 10 shillings for each offense. Pride in apparel was a privilege reserved for the rich. Only a gentleman could sport a gold-laced coat. Exceeding one’s rank in apparel was an offense for which men answered in court as often as women. Infractions occurred with regularity. Any number of women defended themselves against the charge of illegally donning silk hoods, a privilege afforded to those whose husbands’ estates were worth above two hundred pounds. These regulations were enforced as recorded in the Court Records of the County of Essex, Massachusetts122. At the Ipswich Quarterly Court on September 27th, 1653, eleven women were presented for wearing gay silk or tiffany hoods or scarves illegally, but only two were fined. Four including *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 - 1712) got off by proving their husbands’ better worth than 200 pounds.123 *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 - 1690) was presented to the court for allowing his wife to wear a silk hood and called upon to justify his wife's finery.124 He discharged of his young, frivolous wife's presentment by proving to be worth 200 pounds. This "presentment" was for wearing silk.125 Young, 24 year old *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 – 1712) had brazenly worn a silk (hood) 126 bonnet to church. Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) was also called upon to justify his wife's finery and he too made it evident that he was worth the requisite 200 pounds. His good wife, MARTHA REYNOR WHIPPLE1 (1635 - 1679), also escaped without paying a fine.127 Stubborn young men and women continued to strain against the dress restrictions that elders imposed upon them. At Northampton, Massachusetts in 1676, thirty-six young ladies received criminal indictments for “overdress chiefly in silken hoods.” <<<

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England: In 1653, the English Parliament proclaimed OLIVER CROMWELL0 "Lord Protector of the British Commonwealth." <<<

1654: Ipswich, Massachusetts: In 1654, Uncle EDMUND POTTER2 (1654/55 - 1702), the second child and second son of 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 - 1690) and 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 - 1712), was born in their first home at the corner of Market and Saltonstall (Winter) Streets in Ipswich, Massachusetts.128 Another 129 source states that Uncle EDMUND POTTER2 was born about 1655. <<<

1655: Ipswich, Massachusetts: On July 3, 1655, Master NATHANIEL ROGERS0 (1598 – 1655), the charismatic Pastor of Ipswich Church from 1638 to 1655 and spiritual leader of the Ipswich Puritans for more than seventeen years who attracted many of them to the New World during the Great Migration, died at age 57. This came as a great blow to Deacon JOHN WHIPPLE0, *ANTHONY POTTER1, and the entire Ipswich congregation who respected and admired him greatly. He was probably buried in the “Old Burying Ground” on High Street in Ipswich, Massachusetts. The Last Will and Testament of Master NATHANIEL ROGERS0 (1598 th – 1655) was proved on September 26 , 1655 by the oaths of Mr. EZEKIEL CHEEVER0 (1614/15 - 1708) and Deacon JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669). <<<

1657: Ipswich, Massachusetts: Circa 1657, 6X Great Grandfather *SAMUEL POTTER2 (ca. 1656/57 - 1714), the third child and third son of 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 - 1690) and 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE 130 POTTER1 (1629 - 1712), was born in their first home at the corner of Market and Saltonstall (Winter) Streets in Ipswich, Massachusetts.131 <<< On July 15, 1657, (Major) JOHN WHIPPLE2 (1657 – 1722), the first child and first son of Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) and MARTHA REYNER WHIPPLE1 ( ? - 1679) was born in Ipswich, Massachusetts. <<<

Cambridge, Massachusetts: In 1657 JOHN COOPER JR1 (1618 – 1691), stepson of 8X Great Grandfather Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672), built his new home on Linnaean Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts. <<<

Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Salem Court Records dated September 18, 1658 included the following deposition of 8X Great Grandfather Deacon *GREGORY STONE 0 (1592 – 1672): “GREGORY STONE of Cambridge, aged about 67 years, deposed that November last (November 1657) I had a black mare colt in our pound, and JOSEPH COOKE of Cambridge claimed it, and it had no mark; but the same day it had a slit given it on the top of one ear cut off, and the pound keeper told me Mr. COOKE did it, CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 221

and I fetched away the colt. COOKE followed me to my house and told me he made it. Sworn 18:7:1658 (September 18, 1658), before RICHARD RUSSELL, Commissioner of Charlestown.”132

1658: Ipswich, Massachusetts: The final honor of Deacon JOHN WHIPPLE0's (1596 - 1669) life came to him in the year 1658, when he became a “Ruling Elder” of the Ipswich Congregational Church, an important official whose seat was directly under the pulpit facing the congregation above the Deacons.133 He would sternly monitor every move in the congregation during the long sermons and prayers. <<<

In 1658, (Major) MATTHEW WHIPPLE2 (1658 – 1739), the second child and second son of Captain JOHN WHIPPLE1 (1625 – 1683) and MARTHA REYNER WHIPPLE1 ( ? - 1679) was born in Ipswich, Massachusetts. <<<

Figure 27: June 4, 1658 “White Horse Inn” petition to close the nuisance ordinary in Ipswich, Massachusetts with the signatures of Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) and *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690). In 1658, the “White Horse Inn,” an inn and ordinary on Hill Street (High Street) in Ipswich, Massachusetts, (photo above) operated by Corporal JOHN ANDREWS1, frequently disturbed the public peace and had become a nuisance to its neighbors. By keeping its doors open past nine o’clock and encouraging young men in devious ways, it offended the sensibilities of its neighbors and other residents of Ipswich. On June 4, 1658,

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a second petition from the citizens of Ipswich was filed with the Salem Court to protest the renewal of its license to operate an ordinary. Signing the petition were RICHARD KIMBALL SR0 (ca. 1595 - 1675), Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 - 1669), the famous school master EZEKIEL CHEEVER1 (1614 – 1708), Cousin THOMAS STACE (STACY)1 (1622 – 1690), 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690), Cousin MATTHEW WHIPPLE1 (ca. 1635 - 1658), and many other prominent citizens of Ipswich, Massachusetts at that time. Undoubtedly 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) and EZEKIEL CHEEVER1 (1614 – 1708), future Head Master of the “Boston Latin School” in Boston from 1671 until 1708, were neighbors and the best of friends. [Note: The original June 4, 1658 petition with signatures of these prominent citizens of Ipswich is held in the archives of the Ipswich Historical Society.] It is believed the petition was granted and the ordinary soon closed. <<<

1659: Ipswich, Massachusetts: About 1659 (or about 1661), ELIZABETH POTTER (KIMBALL)2 (ca. 1659 - 1723), the fourth child and first daughter of *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 - 1690) and *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 - 1712), was born134 probably in their first home at the corner of Market and Saltonstall (Winter) streets in Ipswich, Massachusetts.135 <<<

The JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) Family of Ipswich, MA. 1660 Name Age

Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 64 yrs. 1. SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0 deceased (before 1634) (1st wife – married 1621)

A. SUSANNAH WHIPPLE WORTH1 38 yrs. 1. LIONEL WORTH1 40 yrs. a. SUSANNA WORTH (PILLSBURY)2 11 yrs. b. MARY WORTH2 9 yrs. c. JUDITH WORTH (BUCKNAM)2 7 yrs. d. SARAH WORTH (GILL)2 4 yrs. e. TWINS2 Deceased B. JOHN WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1624) C. JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (Captain) 35 yrs. 1. MARTHA REYNOR WHIPPLE1 25 yrs. (married ca. 1653)

a. JOHN WHIPPLE III. 2 (Major) 3 yrs. b. MATTHEW WHIPPLE2 (Major) 2 yrs. D. ELIZABETH WHIPPLE POTTER1 deceased (died 1648)

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1. *ANTHONY POTTER1 (married 1648) 32 yrs. E. MATTHEW WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1634) F. WILLIAM WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1641) G. ANNE WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1634) 2. SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 61 yrs. (2nd wife)

A. MARY WHIPPLE STONE1 25 yrs. 1. SIMON STONE1 (Deacon) (married 1656) 29 yrs. a. SIMON STONE JR2 4 yrs. b. JOHN STONE2 2 yrs. c. MATTHEW STONE2 Infant B. JUDITH WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1637) C. MATTHEW WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1638) D. SARAH WHIPPLE (GOODHUE)1 19 yrs. Note: Since we do not know: (1) SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0’s (ca. 1594 – before 1634) date of death which was sometime before 1634 in England, or (2) the marriage date of SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – 1662) which was sometime before 1634 in England, we cannot know for certain which of JOHN WHIPPLE0’s children were offspring from each of his first two wives.

*ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) Family of Ipswich, MA. 1660 Name Age

*ANTHONY POTTER1 32 yrs. st 1. ELIZABETH WHIPPLE POTTER1 (1 wife) deceased (died 1648) nd 2. *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (2 wife) 33 yrs. A. JOHN POTTER2 (“the cooper”) 8 yrs. B. EDMUND POTTER2 6 yrs. C. *SAMUEL POTTER2 3 yrs.

*GREGORY STONE 0 (1592 – 1672) Family of Cambridge, MA. 1660 Name Age

*Deacon GREGORY STONE0 68 yrs. st 1. MARGARET GARRAD STONE0 (1 wife) deceased (died 1626) A. JOHN STONE1 (Elder) (married 1638) 42 yrs. 1. ANNE ROGERS TREADWAY STONE1 45 yrs. a. HANNAH STONE2 20 yrs.

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b. JOHN STONE JR2 18 yrs. (est.) c. DANIEL STONE2 (Deacon) 16 yrs. d. DAVID STONE2 14 yrs. e. MARY STONE2 11 yrs. (est.) f. ELIZABETH STONE2 10 yrs. (est.) g. MARGARET STONE2 7 yrs. h. TABITHA STONE2 5 yrs. i. SARAH STONE2 3 yrs. j. NATHANIEL STONE2 Infant B. DANIEL STONE1 (Surgeon) (married ca. 1643) 40 yrs. 1. MARY HOWES STONE1 deceased (died 1658) a. MARY STONE2 16 yrs. b. SARAH STONE2 15 yrs. c. DANIEL STONE JR2 13 yrs. d. ELIZABETH STONE2 11 yrs. e. ABIGAIL STONE2 7 yrs. f. MEHITABLE STONE2 2 yrs. C. DAVID STONE1 (married ca. 1648) 38 yrs. 1. DORCAS (?) STONE1 (?) yrs. a. DAVID STONE JR2 10 yrs. b. DANIEL STONE2 9 yrs. c. DORCAS STONE2 8 yrs. d. JOHN STONE2 6 yrs. e. SAMUEL STONE2 4 yrs. f. NATHANIEL STONE2 (?) yrs. D. ELIZABETH STONE1 (ca. 1624 – 1626) deceased (died 1626) nd 2. *LYDIA (?) COOPER STONE0 (2 wife) 63 yrs. A. JOHN COOPER JR1 (Stepson) 42 yrs. 1. Wife ? (?) yrs.

B. LYDIA COOPER FISKE1 (Stepdaughter) 40 yrs. (est.) 1. DAVID FISKE1 (Lieutenant) (?) yrs. a. Children ? (?) yrs.

C. *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 31 yrs 1. *ANTHONY POTTER1 (married 1652) 32 yrs. a. Children (see above). (see above) st D. SAMUEL STONE1 (Deacon) (1 married 1655) 29 yrs. st 1. SARAH STEARNES STONE1 (1 wife) 25 yrs. a. SAMUEL STONE JR2 (Deacon) 4 yrs. b. ISAAC STONE2 1 yr. E. SARAH STONE MERRIAM1 28 yrs. 1. DAVID MERRIAM1 (married 1653) 30 yrs. a. Children ? (?) yrs.

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1660: [1660 – 1685: Reign of King CHARLES II1]

Ipswich, Massachusetts: On April 4, 1660, 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) with EDMUND BRIDGES1, sold to Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), a six acre lot, which was sometime HENRY 136 KINGSBURY0's. <<<

1661: Ipswich, Massachusetts: On January 19 or 29, 1661, *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 - 1690) and his second wife, *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 - 1712), 137 sold their first residence - the dwelling house built by DANIEL DENISON1 (1612 – 1682) on a two or three acre lot (the HUMPHREY GRIFFIN0 (1605 – 1662) estate) near the water mill on the north side of the Ipswich river - to JOHN SAFFORD1, blacksmith, for eighty pounds.138 The property was then, for the first time, bounded with highways round, that is, Market, Union, and Saltonstall (Winter) Streets. This was the first mention of Saltonstall Street. It is believed that *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) had buried his first wife, ELIZABETH WHIPPLE POTTER1 (1627 - 1648), there in the yard near their home. He reserved, however, a part of the property (ten acres of land butting on the Ipswich River) and sold it later (in 1672) to SAMUEL BELCHER.139 Between January 29, 1661 and December 11, 1661, it is not clear where *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 - 1690) and *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 - 1712) and their family lived. <<< Circa 1661, LYDIA POTTER (PUTNAM)2 (ca. 1661 - 1745), the fifth child and second daughter of *ANTHONY POTTER1 and *ELIZABETH STONE 140 POTTER1, was born most probably at their second home - the Poplar Street farm near 141 the South Village Green in Ipswich, Massachusetts. LYDIA POTTER (PUTNAM)2 (ca. 1661 - 1745) was most likely named after her grandmother, *LYDIA ( ? ) COOPER STONE0 (ca. 1597 - 1674). In 1683 she would marry Captain JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1658 – 1739), the son of JOHN PUTNAM SR1 (1627 – 1710) and REBECCA PRINCE PUTNAM1 (1627 – 1704) of Salem Village (now Danvers), Massachusetts and have twelve (12) children. She would live in Salem Village, Massachusetts and have a front row seat to the “Salem Witchcraft Hysteria of 1692.” <<< On December 14, 1661, JOANNA WOOD (POTTER2) (1661 – ca. 1691), the daughter of *ISAIAH WOOD1 and *MERCY THOMPSON WOOD1 was born in Ipswich, Massachusetts. She would become *SAMUEL POTTER2’s (ca. 1656/57 - 1714) first wife about 1684 and the mother of his first five children born between 1685 and 1691. <<<

THE SECOND HOMESTEAD (1661 - 1673): Ipswich, Massachusetts: In December 1661, *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 - 1690), *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 - 1712), and their young children moved to their new home on the south side of the Ipswich River (opposite the CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 226

Ipswich Soldier's Monument just northeast of the South Village Green) on the site currently occupied by the historic “Swasey Tavern” building dating from about 1700. This was *ANTHONY POTTER1's and *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1's second Ipswich residence from 1661 until 1673. One source142 states that *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) purchased a dwelling house and lot, one and a half acres, from Deacon (JOHN) WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) who bought them of WILLIAM LAMPSON1 to whom the same was granted in 1651. This property lies just northeast of the South Village Green (School House Green) opposite the Soldier's Monument bounded by the Ipswich River (at The Cove, previously Hunt’s Cove) to the north, the present County Road (Milt. Street from an 1832 map143) to the west, Poplar Street to the south, and the present Turkey Shore Road (“Prospect Street” from an 1832 map) to the east. About 1661, *ANTHONY POTTER1 built a "lean-to" on this site by permission of the town.144 [Note: At that time, a common design for a Puritan farmhouse was a simple rectangle of two stories with a central chimney and a steep Figure 28: The second homestead of twelve-pitch roof. A one-story lean-to *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – was often added to the back for the 1690) on Poplar Street from 1661 to 1673 kitchen by extending the steep back roof - originally owned by WILLIAM down in a straight line. This created the LAMPSON0 and currently the site of the classic “salt-box” silhouette of two historic “Swasey Tavern” (ca. 1700). stories in front, one in back, a central (Map of Ipswich, MA - ca. 1640 - chimney stack, and a kitchen lean-to Courtesy of the Ipswich Historical Society) behind.] *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) was a successful cultivator of fruit.145 This area must have been excellent for cultivating fruit, for many of his neighbors also had orchards. The two-acre tract called the "School Orchard" was located directly across Poplar Street to the south of his home. An 1832 map shows that the nearby Woods Lane, just to the east of *ANTHONY

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POTTER1's homestead, was originally named "Fruit Lane" suggesting that orchards filled this area and cultivation of fruit was, then, the predominant agriculture in this area.146 No doubt many wagonloads of fruit were carried down “Fruit Lane” over the years to market. Earlier in 1641, the beloved JOHN WINTHROP JR0 (1606 – 1676) and Dr. ROBERT CHILD0 corresponded about a project for starting vineyards in New England. In 1645 Dr. ROBERT CHILD0 returned from France with plants and seeds and fruit trees, and five or six sorts of wines with plans to have a wine produced in New England as good as any in France. [Note: Dr. ROBERT CHILD0 was a Presbyterian minister who eventually opposed the autocratic Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, unsuccessfully fighting for the religious freedom of Anglicans and Presbyterians in the colony.] Governor JOHN ENDECOTT0 (ca. 1588 – 1664/45) used some of his properties to propagate fruit trees and as of 1997 a pear tree he planted still lived in Danvers (previously Salem Village), Massachusetts. The *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) house disappeared from this site sometime between 1838 and 1888.147 Another source stated that the house was removed about 1840. About 1690, the year 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) died, a small parcel (one and a half acres) of *ANTHONY POTTER1's Poplar Street enlarged homestead was sold. This probably was the one and a half acres originally purchased from Deacon JOHN WHIPPLE0 in 1661. This property passed through several owners to INCREASE HOW3 in 1724 who turned innkeeper and converted the "good mansion house" built in 1693 into a popular inn, eventually known as the “HOW- HOMAN-SWASEY Tavern.” It was originally a three-storied, hip-roofed mansion, but was later remodeled. Eventually it passed in 1762 to SUSANNA HOW SWASEY4, widow of SAMUEL SWASEY4. She kept an inn (the "SWASEY HOUSE" and later "SWASEY'S TAVERN" at 1 Poplar Street) and entertained many distinguished visitors. President GEORGE WASHINGTON4 (inaugurated President on April 30, 1789) stopped in Ipswich on Friday, October 30th, 1789 during his final tour of New England in 1789. He was met by the Selectmen and escorted into Ipswich where he dined (luncheoned) and partook of a cold collation at the inn (the "SWASEY HOUSE"), then kept by MRS. HOMAN4 (i.e. SUSANNA HOW SWASEY STACY HOMAN4; she married three times). The President stayed three hours this October afternoon, was visited by many, reviewed a regiment mustered to honor him, and departed for Newbury through crowds of Ipswich citizens gathered to catch a glimpse of this great man and pay him homage. The "SWASEY TAVERN" at 1 Poplar Street remained a popular inn for generations. It remains to this day a historic Ipswich site.148

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Figure 29: The Swasey Tavern (1700), 1 Poplar Street, Ipswich, Massachusetts on the site of *ANTHONY POTTER1’s second homestead (1661 – 1673). (2005 photograph)

[The ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) Farm at 143 County Road (Route 1A), Ipswich, Massachusetts later known as “Riverbend”] In addition, in 1661, *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 - 1690) acquired a sixteen acre farm with orchard, later known as “Riverbend,” a short distance down the Bay Road (Route 1A). “The Bay Road,” today’s “County Road” or “Route 1A,” was also known in the early days of Ipswich as “The Bay Path,” “The Country Road,” and then, “The Old Bay Road.” In the year 1641, a grant to JOHN HOYT0 was recorded: "six acres of planting ground at the Mile Brook (once called Mile River) having the Mile Brook on the south, Ipswich River on the northwest, a planting lot of JOHN DANE1's on the northeast and the Common of the Town of Ipswich (a great area of Common lands, "the ancient Inner Common of the South Eighth," existed on the east side of the Bay Road) on the southeast." HOYT0's heirs sold to *ANTHONY POTTER1 in December, 1661, "our dwelling house and other out housing with the orchard and a parcel of upland and

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meadow containing sixteen acres." The original six acre grant of wild land to JOHN HOYT0 became a sixteen acre farm, due perhaps in part to the very generous measure allowed by the "lot-layers" in staking out the grant.149 The ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) Bay Road (Route 1A) farm was bordered by the Ipswich River to the northwest, Mile Brook to the northeast, and the farms of OLIVER APPLETON1 and SAMUEL APPLETON1 to the south and southwest. In the early days of Ipswich, the Ipswich River was also known as “The Great River” or “The Mill River.”

Table 35: Naming of the Ipswich River and Mile Brook in Ipswich, Massachusetts. Waterway Description / Alternate Names Ipswich (1) “The Great River”; (2) “Mill River” in 1674; (3) “Ipswich River” as River early as 1725; (4) “Town River” in 1729; and (5) “Ipswich Mill River” in 1764. Mile “Mile Brook” was a modest stream nearly hidden by sedge and bushes Brook located a little below the Ipswich railroad bridge. It enters the Ipswich River on the southeast side. At one time it bore the pretentious name of “Mile River.”

Thus, on December 11, 1661, for eighty pounds (apparently, the proceeds from the sale of his property bounded by Market, Union, and Saltonstall Streets), 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) purchased the HOYT0 dwelling house, orchard, outhousing and sixteen acres upland and meadow on the southeast side of the Ipswich River (Mill River) bounded on Mile Brook (once called Mile River), and JOHN DANE1 from THOMAS HARTSHORN1 (of Reading) and his wife SARAH LAMSON (LAMPSON) HARTSHORN1, relict of WILLIAM LAMSON 150 (LAMPSON)1, late of Ipswich. *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 - 1690) also purchased adjoining lots of JOHN APPLETON1 and Deacon WILLIAM GOODHUE1 and became owner of the 151 land later owned in 1917 by GEORGE E. BARNARD8 and CHARLES BOHLEN8. *ANTHONY POTTER1’s (ca. 1628 - 1690) Bay Road (Route 1A) farm, located at 143 County Road, Ipswich, Massachusetts, about a mile southeast of the village (Meeting House Green) of Ipswich on the road to Salem (The Bay Road – Route 1A), was one of the best in the town. One source said: "*ANTHONY POTTER1 owned a good farm on the Salem road." *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) was a successful cultivator of fruit. It appears that 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 - 1690) lived on and managed his Bay Road farm until 1673. Sometime between 1673 and his death in 1690, he probably turned over operation of his farm to his sons. For, on January 26, 1673, forty-four year old 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 - 1690) purchased from SAMUEL GRAVES1, hatter, a dwelling house and half CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 230

acre of land near the Ipswich Meeting House which was little more than four rods (22 yards) away “on the corner of Loney’s Lane.” This property was *ANTHONY POTTER1's (ca. 1628 – 1690) third and final Ipswich residence from 1673 to his death in 1690.

Figure 30: The “Old Potter Barn” on the site of *ANTHONY POTTER1’s Bay Road Farm (1661) located at 143 County Road, Ipswich, Massachusetts before it was fully renovated and became “Riverbend (1899)” and subsequently the “Marguery Restaurant (1949)” which burned to the ground in 1975.

When 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) died in March, 1690, his fine Bay Road farm was undoubtedly bequeathed to his sons by his Last Will proved on March 26, 1690. It is unclear as to the division of the farm. It appears from the records that 6X Great Grandfather *SAMUEL POTTER2 (ca. 1657 – 1714), Uncle THOMAS POTTER2 (1664 – 1745), and Uncle ANTHONY POTTER JR2 (1667 – 1756) all had some title to the farm. On March 24, 1696 Uncle EDMUND POTTER2 (1654 – 1702), Uncle ANTHONY POTTER JR2 (1667 – 1756), and ABRAHAM TILTON JR2 were granted permission to build a dam and grist mill on Mile Brook near the house of Uncle THOMAS POTTER2 (1664 – 1745) on the border of the *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) Bay Road farm. It appears that same year, Uncle THOMAS POTTER2 (1664 – 1745) had a house near the dam and grist mill. At some time later, Uncle THOMAS POTTER2 (1664 – 1745) and Uncle ANTHONY POTTER JR2 (1667 – 1756) apparently co-owned a portion of the farm for they sold thirteen (13) acres bounded by their jointly-owned land on the northwest, Uncle

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THOMAS POTTER2’s (1664 – 1745) land on the southwest, and Uncle ANTHONY POTTER JR2’s (1667 – 1756) land on the northwest, to THOMAS NORTON2, the tanner whose establishment and dwelling were closer to Ipswich near Saltonstall’s Brook. However, 6X Great Grandfather *SAMUEL POTTER2 (ca. 1657 – 1714) still owned a portion of his father’s farm in 1714, for in his Last Will proved on August 2, 1714, he bequeathed part of this farm land to two of his sons: (1) Uncle SAMUEL POTTER JR3 (ca. 1688 -1747) and (2) 5X Great Grandfather *THOMAS POTTER3 (1691 – 1753). One source states that in 1714 5X Great Grandfather *THOMAS POTTER3 (1691 – 1753) was the owner of the principal part of the farm later known as “Riverbend.” But the record of successive ownership is traced back to Uncle ANTHONY POTTER JR2 (1667 – 1756) as follows:

Table 36: List of POTTER family members who owned the *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 - 1690) fine Bay Road (Route 1A) farm at 143 County Road, Ipswich, Massachusetts later known as “Riverbend.” Owner Name Spouse 1. *ANTHONY POTTER1 *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) (1629 – 1712) 1661 b. ca. 1628 – England. b. Bapt. March 6, 1629 – to m. 2nd: 1652 – Ipswich, MA. Nayland, Suffolk, England. 1673 d. March (?), 1690 – Ipswich, MA. m. 1652 – Ipswich, Massachusetts. or Will Proved: March 26, 1690 – d. March 10, 1712 – Ipswich, 1690 Ipswich, MA. Massachusetts. 2. ANTHONY POTTER JR2 MARTHA DRESSER POTTER2 (1667 – 1756) b. August 1, 1671 – Rowley, MA. 1690 (son of *ANTHONY POTTER1) m. July 11, 1695 – Ipswich, MA.. to b. 1667 – Ipswich, Massachusetts. d. September 5, 1728 – Ipswich, 1733 m. July 11, 1695 – Ipswich, MA. Massachusetts. d. May 17, 1756 – Ipswich, MA. 3. DANIEL POTTER3 ELIZABETH KIMBALL nd (1698/9 – 1770) POTTER3 - 2 wife. 1733 (son of ANTHONY POTTER JR2) (1707 – 1764) to b. January 4/24, 1698/9 – Ipswich, b. June 2, 1707 – Wenham, 1762 Massachusetts. Massachusetts. m. Int: January 29, 1728 - Wenham, m. Int: January 29, 1728 – Wenham, Massachusetts. Massachusetts. m. November 29, 1728 – Wenham, d. February 9, 1764 – Ipswich, Massachusetts. Massachusetts. d. March, 1770 – Ipswich, MA.

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4. RICHARD POTTER3 LYDIA EUNICE COGSWELL (1705 – 1789) – Ensign. SYMMES POTTER3 1762 (son of ANTHONY POTTER JR2 (1732 – 1773) to and younger brother of DANIEL b. July 22, 1732 – Ipswich, 1789 POTTER3) Massachusetts. b. November 15, 1705 – Ipswich, m. pub: February 16, 1760 – Massachusetts. Ipswich, Massachusetts. m. pub. February 16, 1760 – Children: (4) four by Ipswich, Massachusetts. RICHARD POTTER3 Children: (4) four. including: d. September 5, 1789 – Ipswich, (1) SARAH POTTER4 Massachusetts. (1760 – ca. 1849); Last Will: proved October 5, 1789. (2) JONATHAN POTTER4 (1766 – 1824). d. October 12, 1773 – Ipswich, MA. 5. JONATHAN POTTER4 HANNAH (?) POTTER (1766 – 1824) POTTER4 (1765 – 1813) 1789 (son of RICHARD POTTER3) [She was her husband’s cousin.] to b. 1766 – Ipswich, Massachusetts. b. Bapt. May 1, 1765 – Ipswich, 1824 m. ca. 1794 – Ipswich, MA. Massachusetts. Children: (7) seven between m. ca. 1794 – Ipswich, MA. 1795 and 1807. Children: (7) seven between d. March 26, 1824 – Ipswich, MA. 1795 and 1807. [Drowned in Ipswich River.] d. June 14, 1813 – Ipswich, MA. 6. JAMES POTTER5 (1800 – 1837) RHODA BROWN POTTER (son of JONATHAN POTTER4) (MONTAGUE)5 (1805 – 1892) 1824 b. March 3, 1800 – Ipswich, MA. b. October 1, 1805 – Ipswich, MA. to m. December 2, 1830 – Ipswich, m. December 2, 1830 – Ipswich, 1846 Massachusetts. Massachusetts. d. August 16, 1837 – Ipswich, MA. d. March 4, 1892 – Ipswich, MA. Buried: Old South Cemetery, Buried: Old South Cemetery, Ipswich, Massachusetts. Ipswich, Massachusetts. 7. Captain SYMMES POTTER5 Never married; lost in the China (son of JONATHAN POTTER4 Sea on the ship “Matchless” in 1846 and older brother of JAMES November, 1857. to POTTER5.) 1857 b. March 22, 1797 – Ipswich, MA. m. unmarried. d. November, 1857 – Ipswich, MA.

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Notes: (1) ELIZABETH KIMBALL (POTTER)3 (1707 - 1764) was the daughter of EPHRAIM KIMBALL2 (1660 – 1731) and MARY FRIEND KIMBALL2 (1666 – 1741) of Wenham, Massachusetts. (2) LYDIA EUNICE COGSWELL SYMMES POTTER3 (1732 – 1773) was the daughter of FRANCIS COGSWELL2 and HANNAH (?) COGSWELL2 of Ipswich, Massachusetts. She was the widow of the Reverend TIMOTHY SYMMES3 (1714 – 1756) whom she married in 1752 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. She had two children by her first husband: (a) EBENEZER SYMMES4 born 1754, and (b) WILLIAM SYMMES4 born 1756. (3) HANNAH POTTER POTTER4 (1765 – 1813) was the daughter of DANIEL POTTER JR4 (1735 – 1814) and HANNAH WALLIS POTTER4 (1740 – 1792) of Ipswich, Massachusetts. She was the granddaughter of DANIEL POTTER3 (1699 – 1770). She died on June 14, 1813 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. (4) RHODA BROWN (POTTER) (MONTAGUE ?)6 (1805 – 1892) was the daughter of EPHRAIM BROWN5 (1763 – 1842) and ELIZABETH BOARDMAN BROWN5 (1768 – 1824) of the “Candlewood Neighborhood” in Ipswich, Massachusetts. (5) The Salem, Massachusetts “Ladies’ Miscellany” Volume II, No. 36, Wednesday, December 8, 1830, published the following marriage announcement on page 143: “In Ipswich, married by Reverend Mr. FITZ: Mr. JAMES POTTER to Miss RHODA BROWN.”

Possibly Uncle ANTHONY POTTER JR2 (1667 – 1756) had acquired more of his father’s farm land from his siblings and other relatives over the years. 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1’s (ca. 1628 - 1690) fine Bay Road (Route 1A) farm remained in the POTTER family for several generations. On March 7, 1733 ownership succeeded to Cousin DANIEL POTTER3 (1698/9 – 1770) from his father, Uncle ANTHONY POTTER JR2 (1667 – 1756). On July 5, 1762, Cousin DANIEL POTTER3 (1698/9 – 1770) sold to his younger brother (son?), RICHARD POTTER3 (1705 – 1789), the house and sixteen (16) acres beginning at the corner of ROBERT POTTER3’s (1704 – 1777) tailor shop, and bounded on the other side by Mile Brook as it runs to the land of THOMAS NORTON2. Cousin ROBERT POTTER3 (1704 – 1777) was the son of Uncle THOMAS POTTER2 (1664 – 1745). RICHARD POTTER3 (1705 – 1789), younger brother (son?) of Cousin DANIEL POTTER3 (1698/9 – 1770), died on September 5, 1789 and by his Last Will proved on October 5, 1789, bequeathed the farm land to his son, JONATHAN POTTER4 (1766 – 1824), who built a new dwelling on the site. Ironically, JONATHAN POTTER4 (1766 – 1824) would drown in the Ipswich River on March 26, 1824 at 57 years of age. JONATHAN POTTER4’s (1766 – 1824) son, JAMES POTTER5 (1800 –

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1837), inherited the farm about 1824 and acquired ownership interest from his older brother, Captain SYMMES POTTER5 (1797 – 1857), and younger sister, JULIA ANNA (ANN) POTTER WILLETT5 (1807 – 1896), wife of LEVI WILLETT5, whom she married on August 28, 1832.

Table 37: The Family of JONATHAN POTTER4 (1766 – 1824) and HANNAH POTTER POTTER5 (1765 – 1813) of Ipswich, Massachusetts. No. Name Spouse 1. JESSE POTTER5 (1795 – 1852) Never married. b. June 23, 1795 – Ipswich, MA. d. May 12, 1852 – New Orleans, LA. 2. Captain SYMMES POTTER5 Never married. (1797 -1857) b. March 22, 1797 – Ipswich, MA. d. November, 1857 – lost in the China Sea on the ship “Matchless.” 3. WALLIS POTTER5 (1798 – 1838) Never married. b. September 19, 1798 – Ipswich, MA. d. Nov. 3, 1838 – Poughkeepsie, N.Y. 4. JAMES POTTER5 (1800 – 1837) RHODA BROWN (POTTER) b. March 3, 1800 – Ipswich, MA. (MONTAGUE)5 (1805 – 1892) m. December 2, 1830 – Ipswich, MA. b. October 1, 1805 – Ipswich, MA. d. August 16, 1837 – Ipswich, MA. m. December 2, 1830 – Ipswich, MA. Buried: Old South Cemetery, Ipswich, d. March 4, 1892 – Ipswich, MA. Massachusetts. Buried: Old South Cemetery, Ipswich, Massachusetts. 5. ELBRIDGE POTTER5 Never married. (1801 – 1821) b. November 16, 1801 – Ipswich, MA. d. March 22, 1821 – Ipswich, MA. 6. RICHARD POTTER5 (1804 – 1856) MARY HODGKINS (POTTER)5 b. April 2, 1804 – Ipswich, MA. m. 1848 – Ipswich, Massachusetts. d. October 9, 1856 – Ipswich, MA. 7. JULIA ANNA (ANN) POTTER LEVI WILLETT5 (WILLETT)5 (1807 – 1896) b. April 28, 1807 – Ipswich, MA. m. 1832 – Ipswich, Massachusetts. d. September 11, 1896 – Ipswich, MA. at 89 years and 4 months.

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Notes: (1) The pedigree of JONATHAN POTTER4 (1766 – 1824): *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) / ANTHONY POTTER JR2 (1667 – 1756) / Ensign RICHARD POTTER3 (1705 – 1789) / JONATHAN POTTER4 (1766 – 1824). (2) JONATHAN POTTER4 (1766 – 1824) was baptized on July/August 17, 1766 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. He was the son of Ensign RICHARD POTTER3 (1705 – 1789) and LYDIA EUNICE COGSWELL SYMMES POTTER3 (1732 – 1773). He married his cousin, HANNAH POTTER (POTTER)5 (1765 – 1813), daughter of DANIEL POTTER JR4 (1735 – 1814) and HANNAH WALLIS POTTER4 (1740 – 1792), on December 24, 1795 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. He died in 1824 in Ipswich, Massachusetts.

On December 2, 1830 JAMES POTTER5 (1800 – 1837) married RHODA BROWN (POTTER)5 (1805 – 1892). JAMES POTTER5 (1800 – 1837) died on August 16, 1837. Almost nine years later, on May 4, 1846, JAMES POTTER5’s (1800 – 1837) widow, RHODA BROWN POTTER5 (1805 – 1892), sold the farm, now including the whole tract except the THOMAS NORTON2 lot, thirty (30) acres in all, to her brother- in-law Captain SYMMES POTTER5 (1797 – 1857), the last POTTER to own the property. The POTTER ownership would finally terminate in 1857.152 The POTTER ownership of the farm finally terminated on February 12, 1857 when Captain SYMMES POTTER5 (1797 – 1857) sold the farm to ASA WADE7. Later that same year, in November, 1857, Captain SYMMES POTTER5 (1797 – 1857) was sadly lost in the China Sea on the ship “Matchless” which disappeared with all hands. Captain SYMMES POTTER5 (1797 – 1857) had an illustrious seafaring career. He was master of the brig “Charles” from Boston for Matanzas, Cuba and Europe in January, 1828 when he was only thirty-one years of age. For many years, he was in the employ of the Boston merchants, NATHANIEL GODDARD4 and BENJAMIN GODDARD4, sailing in the barque “Louisa” on East India voyages. Then, from 1846 to 1850, he captained the ship “William Goddard” on voyages to Europe and Calcutta, India. In 1851 he captained the “Coringa.” By 1853, his successful career and reputation brought him to the elite clipper ship sailing world. The 1,053 ton extreme clipper ship “Matchless” was built in Chelsea, Massachusetts by ISAAC TAYLOR5 in 1853 for the Glidden and Williams Line of Boston. Captain SYMMES POTTER5 (1797 – 1857) helped supervise her construction. She was launched on June 30, 1853 at Medford and was intended for the California trade. With Captain SYMMES POTTER5 (1797 – 1857) in command, in CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 236

September, 1853 “Matchless” sailed from Boston for San Francisco with a cargo for the gold fields. However, just thirty days out from Boston she was dismasted and returned to Boston for repairs, and sailed again in January, 1854. With gold rush fever, the crew deserted on arrival at San Francisco and rushed to the California gold fields. “Matchless” eventually continued her scheduled voyage to Calcutta, India and returned to Boston in October, 1854. Late that fall, he once again sailed in “Matchless” for San Francisco and Shanghai, China where he loaded a cargo of tea and sailed for New York. After this long voyage, and weary from his long years of life on the sea, Captain SYMMES POTTER5 (1797 – 1857) now gave up his ship and retired to his lovely farm on the Old Bay Road, in Ipswich, Massachusetts. While on the farm, his old ship “Matchless” continued the California trade and again sailed from Boston for San Francisco on August 30, 1855, arriving there on January 4, 1856. But the dull routine of farm life soon grew distasteful. When the owners of “Matchless” pressed him to Captain the ship on one more voyage, Captain SYMMES POTTER5 (1797 – 1857) could not resist. In July, 1857 he sailed from Boston for Manila in the Philippines in light ballast. “Matchless” (image at right below) was observed passing Angier Point, Java, at the mouth of the China Sea, on October 5, 1857, having made one of the fastest passages on record, but was never seen again. She was later listed as “missing” in a voyage from New York to Hong Kong in 1857. It is not known whether it was bad weather or the notorious renegade China Sea pirates that doomed the hapless vessel. ASA WADE7 would subsequently sell the farm to CHARLES A. CAMPBELL7 in 1894 who subsequently, in October, 1899, conveyed it to GEORGE EDWARD BARNARD8, a wealthy manufacturer of fine shoes and slippers with factories in Lynn, Massachusetts. He built a fine estate on this site which he named "Riverbend" (images below) since it overlooked a bend in the Ipswich River.153

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When GEORGE EDWARD BARNARD8 purchased the farm in 1899, it had a small, dilapidated, unattractive farmhouse which contained only four rooms and was abandoned. Shabby old buildings were scattered here and there on the run down farm. Under his hand the old farmhouse was overhauled, modernized, and greatly enlarged befitting the wealthy executive who would entertain his family, friends, and business associates there. The grounds were re-graded and the great expanse of the farm from the County Road (Route 1A) to the Ipswich River was transformed into an elaborate and beautiful garden.

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Sometime before 1949 “Riverbend” was sold. In 1949 the elegant GEORGE EDWARD BARNARD8 mansion re-opened as the “Marguery Restaurant” (images below) which quickly earned a reputation as one of the finest eating places on the North Shore. It sadly burned to the ground in September, 1975 ending another fine chapter for this site.

In 2006, a wealthy benefactor donated the “Riverbend” site to the Ipswich River Watershed Association Inc., a non-profit membership firm, which established its headquarters (map at left) there and also opened a nature park there for its members with access to the Ipswich River for kayaking, canoeing and other environmentally friendly activities on the river. Thus, *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) acquired extensive landholdings in the vicinity of the South Village Green along Poplar Street and also on County Road (The Bay Road – Route 1A). It appears that *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) was a shrewd businessman when it came to the sale and purchase of real estate. <<<

Amesbury, Massachusetts: In 1661 Amesbury, Massachusetts was then a small farming community close to the New Hampshire border and the home of 7X Great Grandfather *GEORGE MARTIN1 (1618 - 1686) and 7X Great Grandmother *SUSANNAH

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NORTH MARTIN1 (1621 - 1692) and their eight children. In 1661, the diminutive 7X Great Grandmother *SUSANNAH NORTH MARTIN1 (1621 - 1692), wife of the Salisbury blacksmith, *GEORGE MARTIN1 (1618 - 1686), and grandmother of *SUSANNAH HADLEY POTTER3 (ca. 1694 - 1739), was “formally accused of being a witch for the first of three times.” She was known as a small, attractive woman, but with an uncontrollable violent temper and sharp tongue, and fiercely protective toward members of her family, and was arrested but soon set free when the Magistrates felt that the accusations against her did not merit the consideration of the Court. She would be arrested again on the same charges in 1669 but was cleared, and finally again in 1692, but this time she would pay with her life. >>>[See “CHAPTER II: *SAMUEL POTTER”] <<<

Figure 31: The spinning wheel and cradle of 7X Great Grandmother *SUSANNAH NORTH MARTIN1 (1621 – 1692) of Amesbury, Massachusetts, mother of nine children, who would be convicted of witchcraft and hanged in Salem on July 19, 1692 at seventy-one years of age.

Ipswich, Massachusetts: On July 13, 1661, on the occasion of the marriage of JOSEPH GOODHUE1 to 20 year old SARAH WHIPPLE (GOODHUE)1, the youngest daughter of Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) and SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – 1662) who was still living, an agreement was made between Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) and the wealthy Deacon WILLIAM GOODHUE0 (1613 – 1702), weaver, whereby many Ipswich lands were given by Deacon 154 WILLIAM GOODHUE0 (1613 – 1702) to his eldest son, JOSEPH GOODHUE1. No doubt, 33 year old *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 - 1690) and his wife, *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 - 1712), attended the wedding. Deacon WILLIAM GOODHUE0 (1613 – 1702) and his first wife, MARGERY WATSON GOODHUE0 (1617 - ? ), emigrated from Tonbridge, Kent, England arriving in Massachusetts Bay in November, 1635.155 Deacon WILLIAM GOODHUE0 (1613 – 1702) was the son of NICHOLAS GOODHUE-1 (1575 - ? ), CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 240

clothworker, and JANE (?) GOODHUE-1 (1577 - ? ) also of Tonbridge, Kent, England who immigrated on the second voyage of the “James,” JOHN MAY0, Master, sailing from London in late July, 1635. Deacon WILLIAM GOODHUE0 (1613 – 1702) was a colleague of the Reverend NATHANIEL ROGERS0 (1598 – 1655) of Ipswich, Massachusetts. <<<

The Wampanoag Indians: The confederacy of Indian Tribes in southeastern Massachusetts known as Wampanoag, which means "the land of the white rising" - that is, of the daybreak, the sunrise, the east, had been living for decades side-by-side with the English settlers in peace thanks to the wisdom and leadership of their great sachem (chief), MASSASOIT0 (1580 - 1661). They called their leader "massa-soit", which was not a name but a title that acknowledged its holder as the foremost of many leaders within the confederacy, that is, the Wampanoag Nation of tribes.156 Sometime after September in 1661, MASSASOIT0 (1580 – 1661), Great Sachem of the Wampanoag Nation, died and the fragile peace with the English was threatened. No one knows where his remains were buried. After his death, antagonism between the English and the Indians would steadily increase. Fear of the other grew on each side. The inevitable encroachment of the English towns upon the Indian forest, the gradual divesting of the Indians of their bays and fields by the English, and the increasing maltreatment of the Indians made peaceful co-existence less and less possible and war more and more imminent. MASSASOIT0’s (1580 – 1661) eldest son, MOOANAM1 (ca. 1634 - 1662) or WAMSUTTA1 (ca. 1634 - 1662), also known as ALEXANDER POKANOKET1 (ca. 1634 - 1662) for “Alexander the Great” of Macedon, succeeded his father as sachem of the Wampanoag Nation and inherited the mounting co-existence issues with the English. After ALEXANDER1’s sudden death in 1662, his younger brother POMETACOM1 (ca. 1638 - 1676), also known as King PHILIP1 (ca. 1638 - 1676) after “King Philip” of Macedon, would become sachem of the Wampanoag Nation and would eventually lead them to war against the intolerable English in 1675. It was their wise father who had always kept the peace with the English that requested that they take English names. <<<

1662: Ipswich, Massachusetts: In April, 1662, SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – 1662), the second wife of Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), died in Ipswich, Massachusetts at approximately 57 years of age. This came as a great blow to *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) since SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – 1662) reared him and although she was his mother-in-law, and possibly his aunt, she was for all practical purposes his mother. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 241

Sometime after April, 1662, Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) remarried in Ipswich, Massachusetts. His third wife was JENNET(T) (JANET) BROOK(S) DICKINSON WHIPPLE0 (1620 - 1687), who was the widow of THOMAS MOSES DICKINSON0 (1619 - 1662), a wealthy clothier of Rowley or Wenham, Massachusetts.157 [The THOMAS MOSES DICKINSON0 (1619 – 1662) Family of Rowley, Massachusetts] THOMAS MOSES DICKINSON0 (1619 – 1662) and JENNET(T) (JANET) BROOK(S) DICKINSON0 (1620 – 1687) were married in Rowley, Massachusetts or Farnley, a District of Leeds in West Yorkshire, England on April 15, 1640 (he may have returned to England to marry his wife) and had six (6) children, all born in Rowley, Massachusetts between 1640 and 1655. She was the daughter of WILLIAM BROOKS-1 and was born in 1620 in Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire County, England, or Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England. She was baptized on December 3, 1620 in the Huddersfield Parish Church of St. Peter’s in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England. THOMAS MOSES DICKINSON0 (1619 - 1662) was born in 1619 at Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. He was the son of HENRY DICKINSON-1 (ca. 1590 – 1636) and SARAH COOPER DICKINSON-1 (ca. 1598 – 1636) of Bradley Hall, Staffordshire, England who married in 1612. THOMAS MOSES DICKINSON0 (1619 - 1662) was among the early settlers of Rowley, Massachusetts and is believed to have emigrated in 1638 on the good ship “John of London” with Reverend EZEKIEL ROGERS0 (1590 – 1660) from Rowley, Yorkshire, England via Salem to Rowley, Massachusetts. THOMAS MOSES DICKINSON0 (1619 – 1662) was a large landowner in Rowley, Massachusetts and was believed to have been a wealthy “clothier.” Most of the inhabitants of Rowley, lying just six miles northeast of Ipswich, had been “clothiers.” He held many positions of trust. His Last Will and Testament was dated March 8, 1662 and he was buried in the Rowley Burial Ground in Rowley, Massachusetts on March 29, 1662. His Last Will and Testament was proved on April 17, 1662. Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) and his third wife, JENNET(T) (JANET) BROOK(S) DICKINSON WHIPPLE0 (1620 – 1687), would have no children. JENNET(T) (JANET) BROOK(S) DICKINSON WHIPPLE0 (1620 – 1687) died on January 30, 1686/87 in Ipswich, Massachusetts but was buried in the Rowley Burial Ground in Rowley, Massachusetts probably next to her first husband. <<< Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 - 1683), distinctively a man of business, built the family fortune by distilling and retailing hard liquor. He received a license in 1662 "to still strong water for a year and to sell not less than a quart at a time, none to be drunk on the premises, and not to sell by retail to any but men of family and of good repute nor sell any after sunset." Also, he was required to keep a record of what liquors were sold, the quantity, time and to whom. Thus, his first house became an early "package store."158 By the year 1667 he had already built a malt house, the "Whipple malt CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 242

kiln", on the homestead lot.159 Between 1669 and 1683, (recently dated at 1677) he built a new house, “the WHIPPLE House", into a mansion that was the grandest in the neighborhood. His household effects were "elaborate and multitudinous." His estate included the mansion house and a barn, out-houses, kiln, orchard, etc., with two and one- half acres of land more or less and inventoried at 3,314 pounds. Captain JOHN 160 WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) was very wealthy when he died in 1683. <<<

Salem Village, Massachusetts: LYDIA POTTER (PUTNAM)2 (ca. 1661 – 1745), the daughter of *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690), would marry into the famous PUTNAM family of Salem Village, Massachusetts in 1683 when she married JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1658 - 1739), the son of Captain JOHN PUTNAM1 (1627 – 1710). The PUTNAMs had appeared in Salem in the early 1640s. The patriarch was JOHN PUTNAM0 (1579/80 – 1662), “the Elder,” who had emigrated from England to Massachusetts in his sixties. By 1662, at the age of eighty-two, he had amassed over eight hundred (800) acres of land and had three surviving sons, two known by their militia ranks, Lieutenant THOMAS PUTNAM1 (1615 – 1686) and Captain JOHN PUTNAM1 (1627 – 1710), the other named NATHANIEL PUTNAM1 (1619 – 1700). To his sons, before he died, the elder JOHN PUTNAM0 (1579/80 – 1662) gave land in the far west of Salem later to become Salem Village (now Danvers). They, in turn, bestowed farmland on their children including Uncle JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1658 – 1739), dividing what had been a substantial holding into smaller and smaller parcels. The PUTNAM children married into other well-to-do Essex County families including the POTTER family of Ipswich, Massachusetts. Thus, Salem Village was dominated by a ring of farms owned and worked by the PUTNAMs: Second Generation: NATHANIEL PUTNAM1 (1619 – 1700), and Third Generation: JOSEPH PUTNAM2 (1669 – 1725), son of Lieutenant THOMAS PUTNAM1 (1615 – 1686) and by three sons of Captain JOHN PUTNAM1 (1627 – 1710): (1) Captain JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1658 – 1739), (2) JAMES PUTNAM2 (1661 – 1727), and (3) JOHN PUTNAM JR2 (1667 – 1736). By their numbers and large land holdings, the PUTNAMs would dominate Salem Village politics and church matters which would embroil most of them in disputes and conflicts for decades including the infamous “Salem Witchcraft Hysteria of 1692.” <<<

1663: Ipswich, Massachusetts: In 1663, the Master JOHN NORTON0 (1606 – 1663) died. In 1663, JOHN ELIOT1 (ca. 1604 – 1690) translated the Bible into Indian language. <<<

1664: Ipswich, Massachusetts: Circa 1664, THOMAS POTTER2 (ca. 1664 - 1745), the sixth child and fourth son of *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 - 1690) and CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 243

161 *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 - 1712), was born in their second home - their Poplar Street farm near the South Village Green in Ipswich, Massachusetts.162 <<<

Cambridge, Massachusetts: In 1664, 8X Great Grandfather *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672), ever active in civic affairs, in concert with two other influential citizens of the Colony, presented the first formal complaint to the Massachusetts General Court protesting “government without representation” in the English Parliament, more than one hundred years before the Revolutionary War. <<<

1665: Plum Island, Massachusetts: Running south from the mouth of the Merrimac River, Plum Island was a slender barrier island about nine miles long with the Atlantic Ocean to the east and with the Plum Island River and the Plum Island Sound to the west. The island was dotted with scrub pines and junipers; a few people inhabited it, countless cattle grazed there, and farmers stacked the salt-marsh hay there. The lime-green marsh grass was a particularly sought after commodity. The sound, with a shallow depth of only six to eight feet, teemed with striped bass, cod, haddock, herring, flounder, mackerel, and sturgeon. Since 1649 Ipswich owned the southern two-thirds of this sand island. The first settlers attached great value to the short, succulent grass native to Plum Island near Ipswich. Highly esteemed as fodder, over 9,000 acres were cut carefully by hand scythes every year. In addition, the marsh grass found growing on the low flats of the island was used for the thatch roofs of their houses. In February 1664/65, the town of Ipswich voted to distribute the marshes on Plum Island to the 203 inhabitants of Ipswich who had the right of commonage. The twenty-eight (28) largest land owners received a double share or eight (8) acres each; the seventy (70) lesser land owners including Commoner *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 - 1690) qualified for one and one-half (1½) shares or six (6) acres; and the remaining land owners received one (1) share or four (4) acres. [Note: Other sources state that Commoner *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 - 1690) received a share and a half (4.5 acres) in Plum, &c;163 each share was three acres.164] Growing up in nearby Newbury, Massachusetts, the infamous Salem Witch Judge SAMUEL SEWALL2 (1652 - 1730), a graduate of the Boston Latin School and Harvard College, in 1697 described the coastal region, especially Plum Island, as the “New Heaven.” After much reflection, he truly believed that Jesus Christ would choose America, and more specifically Plum Island on Boston’s North Shore, as the location of his kingdom of God on earth. Here he envisioned the future “Second Coming of Jesus Christ.” Since 1942 Plum Island has been a National Wildlife Sanctuary.

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Watertown, Massachusetts: On September In memory of 22, 1665, Deacon SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665), Simon Stone older and dear brother of Deacon *GREGORY Born in England 1585 STONE0 (1592 – 1672), died at his farm, the “Stone Came to America 1635 Farm,” in Watertown, Massachusetts. He was buried in Died in Watertown 1665 the “Old Burial Ground” on Arlington Street in Aged 80 Watertown, Massachusetts. His descendants erected a new monument inscribed as shown at right. His wife Joan Clarke Stone Uncle Deacon SIMON STONE0’s (1586 – 1665) Last Will was witnessed by his brother, 8X Great Born in England 1599 Died in Watertown Grandfather Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672), and his good friend and neighbor, STEVEN Erected by descendants DAY0. Uncle Deacon SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665) and his wife, Aunt JOANNE CLARK STONE0 (1596 – before 1654), were featured in a historical novel entitled, “The Winthrop Woman” by ANYA SETON9, set in the Puritan Massachusetts Bay Colony.

1667: Ipswich, Massachusetts: Circa 1667, Uncle (Deacon) ANTHONY POTTER2 (ca. 1667 - 1756), the seventh child and fifth son of 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 - 1690) and 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE 165 POTTER1 (1629 - 1712), was born in their second home - their Poplar Street farm near the South Village Green in Ipswich, Massachusetts.166 By the year 1667, Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) had already built a malt house, the "Whipple malt kiln", on his homestead lot in Ipswich, Massachusetts. <<<

Salem Village (Danvers), Massachusetts: On October 15, 1667, a group of thirty-one farmers from western Salem, later known as Salem Village (Danvers), including NATHANIEL PUTNAM1 (1619 - 1700) and Captain JOHN PUTNAM1 (1627 - 1710), father of Uncle JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1659 – 1739), petitioned the General Court in Boston to be exempt from the Salem military watch that every head of family had to fulfill. They argued that they lived from five to ten miles from the Salem watch house and had to march those miles fully armed, leaving their families prey to Indian raids. The “farmers” resented their subservient position to the more mercantile and distant townspeople. They appealed to Major DANIEL DENISON1 (1612 - 1682), commander of the Essex Regiment, who supported their petition by writing on their behalf to dissuade the authorities from any further troubling of them on this matter. On October 21, 1667 the Massachusetts General Court ruled in their favor stating that “henceforth all farmers dwelling above four miles from the Salem meeting-house shall be exempt from constable-watches.”

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Regardless, in January 1669 NATHANIEL PUTNAM1 (1619 - 1700) and HENRY KENNY1 were brought to court for refusing to participate in the watch and for “highly affronting and abusing” the officers and the Salem militia committee. For his abusive actions, the belligerent NATHANIEL PUTNAM1 (1619 - 1700), one of the wealthiest villagers, was ordered to issue a public apology or pay a fine of 20 pounds. Thus, the deep rooted and long lasting animosity between the Salem Village farmers and the Salem townspeople would provide fodder for the ugly “Salem Witchcraft Hysteria of 1692.” Nevertheless, after years of obstinacy, in 1672 the Salem Village farmers would be finally granted their wish to establish the separate parish of Salem Village. <<<

XVI: PRELUDE TO THE INDIAN WARS (1668 – 1675):

1668: Ipswich, Massachusetts: In November, 1668, 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY 167 POTTER1 (ca. 1628 - 1690) was forty years of age. In 1668, *ANTHONY POTTER1 built a lean-to and barn (on his Poplar Street farm?) with the permission of the town.168 In 1668, JOHN APPLETON1 (1622 – 1699) was confirmed Captain of the “Ipswich Troop of Horse” and (Captain) JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) was confirmed Cornet.169 On December 2, 1675 during “King Philip’s War (1675 – 1676),” young Uncle EDMUND POTTER2 (1654 – 1702) would be recruited into the “Ipswich Troop of Horse.” Every able-bodied man of military age was required to be a member of a local militia company, or “train band,” as it was called and attended periodic training sessions required by law. The company officers also were local men, in most cases elected to their positions. At the head of every full-sized company was a “captain,” who was directly responsible to the colony government for the training and discipline of his command. Below him were a “lieutenant,” a “cornet,” an “ensign,” a “clerk,” and several “sergeants.” All the rest of the men were “privates.” A number of companies, each from a different town and usually from the same county, were organized into a regiment commanded by a “major.” Militiamen were expected to furnish their own firearms with the matchlock musket being the most common firearm until about 1675 when the newer, faster firing, more reliable firelock or flintlock musket became available. The local militia companies were intended primarily for defensive purposes. Rather than calling complete companies from towns for military expeditions for offensive operations, the colony government intended to draw men out of the local companies by a system of town quotas based upon the relative size and strength of the town and form newly organized companies from a number of different towns so as not to deplete any one town’s defenses. <<<

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1669: Salem Village (Danvers), Massachusetts: Although the Massachusetts General Court had previously in 1667 exempted from military watch Salem Farmers who lived above four miles from the Salem Town meetinghouse, early in 1669 two Salem Farmers were brought to county court by Salem Town for refusing to participate in the watch and for highly affronting and abusing the Salem Town militia officers. One of them, NATHANIEL PUTNAM1 (1619 – 1700), uncle of Captain JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1659 – 1739), was ordered to make public apology or pay a fine of 20 pounds. <<<

Amesbury, Massachusetts: In 1669, the steely diminutive 7X Great Grandmother *SUSANNAH NORTH MARTIN1 (1621 - 1692), wife of 7X Great Grandfather *GEORGE MARTIN1 (1618 – 1686), an Amesbury blacksmith, was once again accused of practicing witchcraft. She was arrested a second time and once again the Magistrates felt that the evidence against her was flimsy and contrived; they dismissed the charges against her and released her. <<<

Ipswich, Massachusetts: On May 10, 1669, Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) signed and sealed his Last Will.170 On June 30th, 1669, Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) died at 72 years of age. This was one of the saddest days in *ANTHONY POTTER1's (ca. 1628 – 1690) life, for he worshipped his father-in-law and uncle, Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), who had raised him like a stepson. In his Last Will presented in Court on September 28, 1669, he bequeathed his humble estate to his only son, JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (Captain 171 JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683)). [Note: At that time, Puritans often followed the biblical rule that gave a double portion of the estate to the eldest son. Males commonly received land and females were given personal property.] In his Last Will he named his wife: JANET0 (JENNETT (JANET) BROOKS DICKINSON WHIPPLE0 (1620 – 1686)), children: JOHN1 (Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683)) executor; SUSANNA1 (SUSANNAH WHIPPLE WORTH1, widow of LIONEL WORTH1); MARY STONE1 (MARY WHIPPLE STONE1); SARAH GOODHUE1 (SARAH WHIPPLE GOODHUE1), and “son-in- law” *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690). [Note that *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) was named in Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0’s (1596 – 1669) Last Will as “son-in-law,” not “stepson.” Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0’s Last Will states: “I give to my son-in-law sometimes 40 shillings.”]

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The JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) Family of Ipswich, MA. 1670 Name Age

Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 deceased (died 1669) 1. SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0 deceased (before 1634) (1st wife – married 1621)

A. SUSANNAH WHIPPLE WORTH1 48 yrs. 1. LIONEL WORTH1 Deceased a. SUSANNA WORTH (PILLSBURY)2 21 yrs. b. MARY WORTH2 19 yrs. c. JUDITH WORTH (BUCKNAM)2 17 yrs. d. SARAH WORTH (GILL)2 14 yrs. e. TWINS2 Deceased f. JOHN WORTH2 6 yrs. B. JOHN WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1624) C. JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (Captain) 45 yrs. 1. MARTHA REYNOR WHIPPLE1 35 yrs. (married ca. 1653)

a. JOHN WHIPPLE III. 2 (Major) 13 yrs. b. MATTHEW WHIPPLE2 (Major) deceased (died 1665) c. JOSEPH WHIPPLE2 (1664 – 1665) 12 yrs. d. JOSEPH WHIPPLE2 4 yrs. e. SUSAN(NA) WHIPPLE (LANE)2 2 yrs. D. ELIZABETH WHIPPLE POTTER1 deceased (died 1648) 1. *ANTHONY POTTER1 (married 1648) 42 yrs. E. MATTHEW WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1634) F. WILLIAM WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1641) G. ANNE WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1634) nd 2. SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 (2 wife) deceased (died 1662) A. MARY WHIPPLE STONE1 36 yrs. 1. SIMON STONE1 (Deacon) (married 1656) 39 yrs. a. SIMON STONE JR2 14 yrs. b. JOHN STONE2 12 yrs. c. MATTHEW STONE2 10 yrs. d. NATHANIEL STONE2 Deceased e. EBENEZER STONE2 7 yrs. f. MARY STONE (STARR)2 5 yrs. g. NATHANIEL STONE2 3 yrs. h. ELIZABETH STONE (STEARNS)2 Infant B. JUDITH WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1637) C. MATTHEW WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1638)

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D. SARAH WHIPPLE GOODHUE1 29 yrs. 1. JOSEPH GOODHUE1 (Deacon) (married 1661) 31 yrs. a. JOSEPH GOODHUE JR2 8 yrs. b. MARY GOODHUE (NORTON)2 6 yrs. c. SARAH GOODHUE2 5 yrs. d. WILLIAM GOODHUE2 4 yrs. e. MARGERY GOODHUE2 3 yrs. f. SUSANNA GOODHUE (KIMBALL)2 2 yrs. 3. JENNETT (JANET) BROOKS DICKINSON 50 yrs. rd WHIPPLE0 (3 wife – married after April, 1662) Note: Since we do not know: (1) SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0’s (ca. 1594 – before 1634) date of death which was sometime before 1634 in England, or (2) the marriage date of SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – 1662) which was sometime before 1634 in England, we cannot know for certain which of JOHN WHIPPLE0’s children were offspring from each of his first two wives.

The *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) Family of Ipswich, MA. 1670 Name Age

*ANTHONY POTTER1 42 yrs. 1. ELIZABETH WHIPPLE POTTER1 deceased (died 1648) (1st wife – married 1648)

2.*ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 41 yrs. (2nd wife – married 1652)

A. JOHN POTTER2 (“the cooper”) 17 yrs. B. EDMUND POTTER2 15 yrs. C. *SAMUEL POTTER2 13 yrs. D. ELIZABETH POTTER (KIMBALL)2 - twin 9 yrs. E. LYDIA POTTER (PUTNAM)2 - twin 9 yrs. F. THOMAS POTTER2 6 yrs. G. ANTHONY POTTER JR2 (Deacon) 3 yrs.

The GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) Family of Cambridge, MA. 1670 Name Age

*Deacon GREGORY STONE0 78 yrs. st 1. MARGARET GARRAD STONE0 (1 wife) deceased (died 1626) A. JOHN STONE1 (Elder) (married 1638) 52 yrs. 1. ANNE ROGERS TREADWAY STONE1 55 yrs.

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a. HANNAH STONE2 30 yrs. b. JOHN STONE JR2 28 yrs. (est.) c. DANIEL STONE2 (Deacon) 26 yrs. d. DAVID STONE2 24 yrs. e. MARY STONE2 21 yrs. (est.) f. ELIZABETH STONE2 20 yrs. (est.) g. MARGARET STONE2 17 yrs. h. TABITHA STONE2 15 yrs. i. SARAH STONE2 13 yrs. j. NATHANIEL STONE2 10 yrs. B. DANIEL STONE1 (Surgeon) (married ca. 1643) 50 yrs. 1. MARY HOWES STONE1 deceased (died 1658) a. MARY STONE2 26 yrs. b. SARAH STONE2 25 yrs. c. DANIEL STONE JR2 23 yrs. d. ELIZABETH STONE2 21 yrs. e. ABIGAIL STONE2 17 yrs. f. MEHITABLE STONE2 12 yrs. C. DAVID STONE1 (married ca. 1648) 48 yrs. 1. DORCAS (?) STONE1 (?) yrs. a. DAVID STONE JR2 20 yrs. b. DANIEL STONE2 19 yrs. c. DORCAS STONE2 18 yrs. d. JOHN STONE2 16 yrs. e. SAMUEL STONE2 14 yrs. f. NATHANIEL STONE2 (?) yrs. D. ELIZABETH STONE1 (ca. 1624 – 1626) deceased (died 1626) nd 2. *LYDIA (?) COOPER STONE0 (2 wife) 73 yrs. A. JOHN COOPER JR1 (Stepson) 52 yrs. 1. Wife ? (?) yrs.

B. LYDIA COOPER FISKE1 (Stepdaughter) 50 yrs. (est.) 1. DAVID FISKE1 (Lieutenant) (?) yrs. a. Children ? (?) yrs.

C. *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 41 yrs 1. *ANTHONY POTTER1 (married 1652) 42 yrs. a. Children (see above). (see above) st D. SAMUEL STONE1 (Deacon) (1 married 1655) 39 yrs. st 1. SARAH STEARNES STONE1 (1 wife) 35 yrs. a. SAMUEL STONE JR2 (Deacon) 14 yrs. b. ISAAC STONE2 11 yrs. c. SARAH STONE2 9 yrs. d. JOHN STONE2 7 yrs. e. LYDIA STONE2 5 yrs.

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f. MARY STONE2 (1668 – 1669) deceased (died 1669) g. JOSEPH STONE2 Infant E. SARAH STONE MERRIAM1 38 yrs. 1. DAVID MERRIAM1 (married 1653) 39 yrs. a. Eight children MERRIAM2 ? (?) yrs. b. RUTH MERRIAM2 Infant

1670: Salem Village, Massachusetts: The “Villagers” again approached the Massachusetts General Court seeking permission to erect their own meetinghouse and select their own preacher rather than travel to Salem town on the Sabbath. They would get their answer in 1672.

Ipswich, Massachusetts:

*ANTHONY POTTER1 vs. MATHEW PERRY1 – Ipswich Quarterly Court – 1670 *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690), plaintiff, successfully sued MATHEW PERRY1 in the Ipswich Quarterly Court to recover his heifer that he claimed was stolen by MATHEW PERRY1 in Ipswich, Massachusetts as follows: “JAMES FORD2, aged about twenty-nine years, deposed that MATHI PERRY1 brought a calf to his master WHITE1’s farm to summer about two years ago, and he left it in the common, etc. Sworn in court. JOHN PROCTOR1, aged about seventy years, deposed that the heifer was not three years old. Sworn, March 23, 1670, before DANIEL DENISON1. JOHN POTTER2 and EDMUND POTTER2 (sons of *ANTHONY POTTER1) deposed that their father brought up this heifer from a calf, etc. *ANTHONY POTTER1 affirmed that PERRY1’s heifer was four years old. Sworn in court. (Captain) JOHN WHIPPLE1 deposed. Sworn in court. JOHN GIDDINS1 and SAMUEL GIDDINS1 deposed that PERRY1 came to JOHN GIDDINS1’ house and proffered the heifer in exchange for a yearling and further deposed concerning the marks. Also, that JOHN GIDDINS1 about a fortnight after saw her on the southeast side of Wilderness Hill. MATHEW PERRY1 said he had “found his by Cowkeeper Rocke,” etc. Sworn in court. VERDICT: In the case of *ANTHONY POTTER1 vs. MATHEW PERRY1, trespass upon a replevin, verdict for plaintiff. WRIT OF REPLEVIN: Writ of replevin to recover a three-year old heifer, black with some white on her back, belonging to *ANTHONY POTTER1, lately seized by MATHEW PERRY1; dated December 20, 1670; signed by DANIEL DENISON1 for the court; and served by ROBERT LORD1, marshal of Ipswich. BILL OF COST: *ANTHONY POTTER1’s bill of cost: 2p (pounds) 4s (shillings) 8d (pence)”

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1671: [1671 - Treaty of Peace with King Philip ( ? - 1676)] Taunton, Massachusetts: Until 1671, KING PHILIP1, Sachem of the Wampanoag Nation and son of the deceased Great Sachem MASSASOIT0 (1580 - 1661), was willing to pay any price for peace and made many concessions by way of land grants to the English. At a conference of the Indians and the English at the Taunton meeting- house (Taunton, Massachusetts) on April 12, 1671, a treaty of peace was signed by KING PHILIP1 (POMETACOM or METACOMET) ( ? - 1676) and his councilors. <<<

1672: Ipswich, Massachusetts: On April 8, 1672, 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 - 1690) sold to SAMUEL BELCHER1 the ten acres of land he owned lying amongst the lots granted to the Pequot Indian War soldiers butting on the Ipswich river.172 <<<

Salem Village (Danvers), Massachusetts: In 1672, the Massachusetts General Court gave the Salem Village “Farmers” the right to build a house of worship and to name a committee to gather funds for a minister who would reside among them. In October 1672, Salem Village (also called Salem Farms), now Danvers, Massachusetts, was set apart from Salem (also called Salem Town), but only as a separate parish. The “Village” was usually referred to as the “Farms,” and those living there as the “Farmers” or “Villagers.” However, Salem Village remained under the political control of the mother town until a much later date. For decades, friction had existed between the Town and the Farms which were five to ten miles from Salem Town center. Residents of Salem Town wanted the tax revenues contributed by residents of the Farms; for their part, the Farmers, though usually outvoted by the more numerous Town dwellers, sought to avoid civic obligations in the distant Town. By the early 1670s the Farmers’ fight for greater autonomy focused on their desire to build their own meetinghouse and to select their own minister. A divisive inter- village religious factionalism emerged resulting in much controversy and animosity between Salem Town and Salem Village. Ironically, the long-sought meetinghouse and minister, the subject of so much contention with Salem Town, also proved to be a major source of discord within Salem Village itself. The Reverend JAMES BAYLEY2 (1650 – 1707), a young Harvard graduate, was hired as the village’s first preacher. He served from 1672 until 1679 amidst some division of support for his ministry. Thirty-nine church members supported BAYLEY2; sixteen did not. The Reverend JAMES BAYLEY2’s (1650 – 1707) family and the THOMAS PUTNAM JR2’s (1652 - 1699) family grew very close after THOMAS

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PUTNAM JR2 (1652 - 1699) married the sister (ANN CARR PUTNAM SR2 (1661 – 1669)) of Reverend JAMES BAYLEY2’s wife (MARY CARR BAYLEY2 (ca. 1646 – 1717)) on November 25, 1678. Thus the Reverend JAMES BAYLEY2 (1650 – 1707) would become THOMAS PUTNAM JR2’s (1652 – 1699) brother-in-law in 1678 and would soon be the infamous Salem witchcraft “circle girl” ANN PUTNAM JR3’s (1679 - 1716) uncle. Unfortunately for the Reverend JAMES BAYLEY2 (1650 – 1707) (who fortunately resigned and left Salem Village before the outbreak of the “Salem Witchcraft Hysteria of 1692”) and many of its residents who would soon become victims in the “Salem Witchcraft Hysteria of 1692,” Salem Village had a reputation as a contentious place to live and was well known to be quarrelsome by neighboring towns and villages.

Cambridge, Massachusetts:

Last Will and Testament of Deacon GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672): Cambridge, Massachusetts: On November 22, 1672, a week before his decease, 8X Great Grandfather Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) made his will and bequeathed the following to his daughter *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1: "...To my daughter ELIZAB. (ELIZABETH) POTTER I do give ten pounds to be pd (paid) within halfe a years after my decease...... And the remainder of my estate in lands, cattel (cattle), chattels, moveables, debts, moneys, or wtever (whatever), after my deare wife's decease, I do give and bequeath ye same to my three youngest children, to be equally divided between them, vizt (videlicet) to ELIZAB. (ELIZABETH) POTTER, SAMUEL STONE, & SARAH MIRIAM (MERRIAM)."1 Thus, his three youngest children were residuary legatees of his estate.

Cambridge, Massachusetts: On November 30, 1672, 8X Great Grandfather Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) died in Cambridge Farms (modern Cambridge), Massachusetts at the age of eighty (aged 80 years). He was buried in the Old Cambridge Cemetery (“Old Burying Ground” – “Christ Church Cemetery” – “Harvard Square Cemetery”) near Harvard Square but nothing survived to mark his resting place except a simple foot stone with the initials “G.S.” inscribed on it. Fortunately, his son, Elder JOHN STONE1 (1618 – 1683), was buried next to him in a well-marked grave. The simple foot stone bearing the initials "G.S." was the only mark of his resting place until 1918, when a descendant, the late JAMES SULLIVAN STONE of Boston, erected a monument, suitably inscribed as follows: “GREGORY STONE, Born

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in England 1590, Came to America 1635, Died Nov. 30, 1672 – Erected by Descendants.”173 The stone erected to his memory in 1918 is now standing in the “Old Burying Ground” (Old Cambridge Cemetery) at the corner of Garden Street and Massachusetts Avenue near Harvard College, Cambridge, Massachusetts.174

Figure 32: The Grave of 8X Great Grandfather *Deacon GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672), Old Burying Ground, Cambridge, Massachusetts. His gravestone is inscribed: “GREGORY STONE, Born in England 1590, Came to America 1635, Died Nov. 30, 1672 – Erected by Descendants.” (2008 photographs)

*Deacon GREGORY STONE0’s (1592 – 1672) second wife, *LYDIA (?) COOPER STONE0 (ca. 1595/97 – 1674), died on June 24, 1674 in Cambridge, Massachusetts and was also buried in the Old Cambridge Cemetery (“Old Burying Ground”) probably next to her husband and near the grave of her son, Deacon JOHN COOPER1 (1618 – 1691). No gravestone marks her grave. <<<

In memory of Simon Stone 1586 – 1665 and Gregory Stone 1592 – 1672 sons of David and Ursula Stone

born in Great Bromley, Essex County, England who emigrated to New England in 1635 and settled in Watertown.

This memorial is erected by the “Stone Family Association” in grateful remembrance of these early settlers who in their love of civil and religious liberty, left their homes and so much that was dear to them in England and by their courage, toil, and helped to found

this Commonwealth.

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Watertown, Massachusetts: Since Deacon SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665), older brother of *Deacon GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672), was buried in the “Old Burial Ground” on Arlington Street in Watertown, Massachusetts, a “Stone Brothers’ Monument” was erected in this small cemetery. The inscription on the plaque which is mounted on the large boulder monument in the back part of the cemetery is shown on the previous page.

Rowley, Massachusetts: Sometime prior to 1673, the brothers Captain JOHN PUTNAM1 (1627 – 1710) and NATHANIEL PUTNAM1 (1619 – 1700) of Salem Village (Danvers) each acquired an eighth interest in an ironworks on PUTNAM lands in the neighboring village of Rowley. This was their only major effort to break free of their total dependence on farming. Aunt LYDIA POTTER (PUTNAM)2 (ca. 1661 - 1745) would later be a member of their family, marrying Captain JOHN PUTNAM1’s son, Uncle JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1659 – 1739) in 1683. One of co-owners of the ironworks was DANIEL DENISON1 (1612 – 1682) of Ipswich. Their venture would quickly end in ignominious failure.175 <<<

1673: Ipswich, Massachusetts: Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) had developed some knowledge of the clothing business since his grandfather, MATTHEW WHIPPLE-1 (ca. 1550 - 1619), his father, Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), and his uncle, MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 (1588 - 1647) were clothiers back in Bocking, Essex, England. In 1673, liberty was granted Cornet (Captain) JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) to set up a fulling mill to process cloth at the lower and smaller falls, i.e. “Little Falls” on the Ipswich River, near EZEKIEL WOODWARD’s house, provided Mr. RICHARD SALTONSTALL’s grist mill at the upper falls and another fulling mill already begun, probably at the same spot, were not prejudiced.176 [Note: “Fulling” is the process of shrinking and compacting woolen fabric to felt by moistening, heating, and pressing.] This mill which made “ homespun cloth” proved to be very lucrative for Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) and his family. Sometime afterwards, Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) also acquired a saw mill. <<<

[THE FOURTH AND FINAL IPSWICH HOMESTEAD (1673 - 1690)]: On January 26, 1673, forty-four year old 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 - 1690) purchased from SAMUEL GRAVES1, hatter, a dwelling house and half acre of land near the Ipswich Meeting House which was little more than four rods (22 yards) away “on the corner of Loney’s Lane.” This property was *ANTHONY POTTER1's (ca. 1628 – 1690) and *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1's (1629 – 1712) fourth and final Ipswich residence which originally belonged to JOHN COVINGTON0 and was located directly across the street from the Meeting House at the corner of North Main Street (the present 36 N. Main CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 255

St.) and Warren Street (originally part of Loney's Lane, formerly Pinder's Lane). 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) lived here 177 at "the POTTER close" until his death in early 1690. After *ANTHONY POTTER1’s death in early 1690, ownership of the property passed to his eldest son, Uncle JOHN “the cooper” POTTER2 (1652/53 – 1718). However, his mother, 7X Great Grandmother ELIZABETH STONE POTTER0 (1629 – 1712), probably continued to live there until her death in 1712. After Uncle JOHN “the cooper” POTTER2’s (1652/53 – 1718) death in 1718, the property passed to his son, Deacon AARON POTTER3 (1699 – 1776), Esquire, also a cooper. [Note: At the top of the system of wealth distributions in Massachusetts were families of the lesser gentry. Their houses were commonly at the center of town, just as small manor houses were in the center of many farming villages in East Anglia.] Their next door neighbor north was ROBERT DUTCH1, who would soon be scalped at Bloody Brook (“King Philip's War” Indian fight, 1675) near Deerfield, Massachusetts and would live and come back to Ipswich, one of the "Flower of Essex."178

The Old Tavern Lot: Next door south (the present 34 N. Main Street), originally the WILLIAM FULLER0 (ca. 1610 – 1690) grant, was an "ordinary" (a tavern) kept from 1671 to 1691 by JOHN SPARKS1 (1630 – 1706). Notes: (1) WILLIAM FULLER0 (ca. 1610 – 1690) was the gunsmith of the Pequod (Pequot) expedition. (2) A tavern in those days was called an "ordinary." In the early days, licensed ale-houses were compelled to furnish “ordinaries”, i.e. regular meals, at a fixed price. This site would become known as the "old Tavern lot." JOHN SPARKS1 (1630 – 1706) kept a famous hostelry here with a barn for twenty years. He received his first license in September 1671 to sell "beere at a penny a quart, provided he entertain no Town inhabitants in the night, nor suffer to bring wine or liquor to be drunk in his house." Judge SAMUEL SEWALL2 (1652 – 1730), later of “Salem Witch Trial” infamy, on his circuits tasted its good cheer, and many a man of renown tarried about its well spread board. Officers and soldiers were quartered here in time of danger from Indian attacks.179 He also built a bake house on site to further his inn business, and earned the name, “JOHN SPARKS1, Biskett Baker.” A number of taverners would operate this tavern over the years. Taverner JOHN SMITH2 operated this tavern sometime before 1717 until 1734. An ancient 1717 map of Ipswich shows Taverner JOHN SMITH2's House next door to the POTTER House (i.e. the JOHN “the cooper” POTTER2 (1652/53 – 1718) House by that time).180 Later, the ROGERS family, and in Revolutionary War days, the TREADWELL family would operate this tavern. Madam TREADWELL had a portrait of her ancestor, Governor JOHN ENDICOTT0 (ca. 1588 – 1664/45), copied and hung in the inn. President JOHN ADAMS3 (1735 – 1826) boarded here when he was a young CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 256

Figure 33: Map of Ipswich, Massachusetts ca. 1640 showing the third home of *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) who lived here from January 26, 1673 to his death ca. March, 1690. The property was originally owned by JOHN COVINGTON1. (Courtesy of the Ipswich Historical Society)

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circuit court judge. JOHN ADAMS3 (1735 – 1826) was somewhat sarcastic about the keeper of the Ipswich tavern and his wife, declaring the landlord of TREADWELL'S “as proud, as conceited, as any nobleman in England," and his wife, a great-granddaughter of GOVERNOR ENDICOTT0 (ca. 1588 – 1664/45), to have "all the notions of high family that you find in the WINSLOWs, HUTCHINSONs, QUINCYs, SALTONSTALLs, LEONARDs, OTISes." Which sounds a little as though Mr. ADAMS had been snubbed at TREADWELL'S, or at any rate had not received the show of respect he had expected.181 The old tavern was still standing in 1888.182 In 1691, this North Main Street property ("the POTTER close") was occupied by his first son, Uncle JOHN “the cooper” POTTER2 (1652 - 1718). An ancient 1717 Ipswich map (two versions) shows POTTER'S House and POTTER'S Lot directly opposite the Meeting House with the note: "The Meeting House is little more than 4 rods from POTTER'S House" and Taverner SMITH'S House (JOHN SMITH2, the Taverner) directly next door to the south.183 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 – 1712) probably continued to live there with her oldest son and his family until her death in 1712 at age 83. In 1723, this property became the homestead of Cousin AARON POTTER3 (1699 - 1776), the younger son of Uncle JOHN “the cooper” POTTER2 (1652 – 1718). Over the years, this property grew in size and value and remained in the POTTER family until 1788 when EBENEZER POTTER (descent unknown) of Kensington sold an acre and a half with buildings to THOMAS PICKARD on May 22, 1788.184

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Part (half) of this property on North Main Street ("the POTTER close") was eventually purchased in 1806 by the TREADWELL family who owned the adjacent property ("the old Tavern lot") to the south. NATHANIEL TREADWELL 3rd, innkeeper, kept an inn here for many years from 1806 until 1818, after which MOSES TREADWELL continued the business. His most distinguished guest was General MARQUIS de LaFAYETTE (1757 – 1834) who was entertained there with his entourage for several hours on August 31, 1824 but departed at 10:00 PM for Newburyport. Enlarged and remodeled, “TREADWELL’S INN" at 26 or 34 N. Main Street became a very popular nineteenth century Ipswich inn. Later, another owner remodeled it into the "AGAWAM HOUSE" and would host President JAMES MONROE (1758 – 1831), DANIEL WEBSTER (1782 – 1852), NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE (1804 – 1864), and JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER (1807 – 1892) among its guests. It remains to this day a Historic Ipswich Site.185 186 On April 15, 1845, STEPHEN COBURN6, postmaster, purchased the North Main Street site of 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1's (ca. 1628 – 1690) and 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1's (1629 – 1712) third home ("the POTTER close")187 and erected a house which his daughter, Miss 188 LUCY C. COBURN7, still owned and occupied in 1905. <<<

Salem Village (Danvers), Massachusetts: In November, 1673, NATHANIEL PUTNAM1 (1619 – 1700), one of the wealthiest Salem Villagers, who would later regret his largesse, donated land in Salem Village (Danvers) for the new parsonage to be occupied by its first minister, the young Reverend JAMES BAYLEY2 (1650 – 1707), a recent Harvard graduate who would serve in Salem Village from 1672 until 1679. NATHANIEL PUTNAM1 (1619 – 1700), with several friends and relatives, also deeded over forty assorted acres as a private bonus to the Reverend JAMES BAYLEY2 (1650 – 1707), soon to be the brother-in-law of THOMAS PUTNAM JR2 (1652 – 1699). The “Deed of Property” granting the Reverend JAMES BAYLEY2 (1650 – 1707) thirty acres of upland and ten acres of meadow, an extraordinarily generous gift of land, in Salem Village (Danvers) was dated February 21, 1674.

Table 38: Land deeded to the Reverend JAMES BAYLEY2 (1650 – 1707) for his parsonage in Salem Village (Danvers), Massachusetts on February 21, 1674. Grantor Acres of Up-Land Acres of Meadow Lt. THOMAS PUTNAM1 Three (3) acres lying in (1615 - 1686) Cromwell’s Meadow. NATHANIEL PUTNAM1 Eleven (11) acres lying Two (2) acres lying in (1619 - 1700) upon Hadlock Hill Cromwell’s Meadow. wherein the Reverend CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 259

JAMES BAYLEY2’s new dwelling house was built. Captain JOHN PUTNAM1 Ten (10) acres lying Four (4) acres lying on the (1627 - 1710) upon the northeast side northwest side of the of Misty Hill. Ipswich River at Indian Bridge. JOSHUA RAY1 Six (6) acres adjoining and south of the land of Capt JOHN PUTNAM1 (1627 - 1710). JOSEPH HUTCHINSON1 Three (3) acres lying One (1) acre lying in upon Hadlock’s Hill. Cromwell’s Meadow. Notes: (1) Lieutenant THOMAS PUTNAM1 (1615 – 1686), NATHANIEL PUTNAM1 (1619 – 1700), and Captain JOHN PUTNAM1 (1627 – 1710) were brothers and the sons of JOHN PUTNAM0 (1579/80 – 1662), the Elder, and PRISCILLA GOULD PUTNAM0 of Salem Village (Danvers), Massachusetts. (2) Captain JOHN PUTNAM1 (1627 – 1710) was the father of Uncle JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1659 – 1739) who would marry Aunt LYDIA POTTER (PUTNAM)2 (1661 - 1745) in 1683. (3) The Reverend JAMES BAYLEY2 (1650 – 1707) received additional grants of land in Salem Village before his departure in 1679. After leaving the Village he became a physician and lived in Roxbury (Boston), Massachusetts at the time of the “1692 Salem Witchcraft Hysteria.” In 1700 he sold his many acres of Salem Village land for one hundred pounds, a windfall in those days. He became a very rich man.

1674: Cambridge, Massachusetts: On June 24, 1674, two years after her husband 8X Great Grandfather Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 - 1672) died, 8X Great Grandmother *LYDIA ( ? ) COOPER STONE0 (ca. 1597 - 1674), the mother of 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 - 1712), died at Cambridge, Massachusetts.189 She had accompanied her second husband, Deacon *GREGORY STONE0, to New England in April, 1635, survived him, and died at her home in Cambridge. She was buried in the “Old Burying Ground” in Harvard Square, Cambridge, Massachusetts next to her husband and near her son, Deacon JOHN COOPER1 (1618 – 1691). <<<

Salem Village (Danvers), Massachusetts: In 1674, two years after Salem Village (Danvers) had built their own meetinghouse and separated from Salem Town’s, a Salem Town constable seized two and one-half acres of the defiant NATHANIEL PUTNAM1’s (1619 – 1700) land, land which lay directly in front of his house in Salem CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 260

Village, because of his refusal to continue to pay the meetinghouse tax imposed by Salem Town. Salem Town ignored their separation and persisted well after 1672 in levying taxes on Salem Villagers for the repair and improvement of Salem Town’s meetinghouse. This fueled the bitterness that would eventually manifest itself in the “Salem Witchcraft Hysteria of 1692.” Through the 1670’s and 1680’s acrimonious boundary disputes between Salem Villagers and the surrounding towns of Topsfield, Andover, and Wenham created much animosity between the neighbors. By face-to-face negotiation, lawsuits in the county court, appeals to the colonial legislature, and even occasional threats of violence, Salem Village representatives tried to defend what they truly believed to be the lawful bounds of Salem Village (Danvers). These persistent boundary disputes with neighboring towns kept tempers flaring on all sides for many years. The PUTNAMs of Salem Village were not averse to taking matters into their own hands when they became impatient, sometimes cutting down trees and carting away the timber on other people’s farms. They turned to the courts to resolve a long-standing dispute with the town of Topsfield over whose border some of NATHANIEL PUTNAM1’s (1619 – 1700) lands supposedly lay. To determine how much NATHANIEL PUTNAM1 (1619 – 1700) could claim, Topsfield appointed JACOB TOWNES1 (1631 – 1704) and JOHN HOWE1 (1637 – 1728) to approach Captain JOHN PUTNAM SR1 (1627 – 1710), father of Uncle JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1659 - 1739), and any other Salem Village men, to ask them to produce the legal deeds to the land they claimed; but the PUTNAMs could not produce them. They testified that the lands were assigned to them by the Massachusetts General Court. Even after the lands were resurveyed by court order, the feud continued. Interestingly, JACOB TOWNES1 (1631 – 1704) was the brother of REBECCA TOWNE NURSE1 (1621 – 1692), MARY TOWNE ESTY1 (1634 – 1692), and SARAH TOWNE CLOYCE1 (1639 – 1703) who would all be accused of witchcraft during the “Salem Witchcraft Hysteria of 1692.” <<<

Rowley, Massachusetts: [Rowley Ironworks] In the 1640s JOHN WINTHROP JR.1 (1606 -1676) of Ipswich, Massachusetts was convinced that iron goods could be produced in the region and established an ironworks. In July 1674, the “Rowley Ironworks” co-owned by DANIEL DENISON1 (1612 – 1682), NATHANIEL PUTNAM1 (1619 – 1700), Captain JOHN PUTNAM1 (1627 – 1710), the father of Uncle JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1659 – 1739), and five others was demolished by a suspicious fire. From the beginning, the ironworks was mismanaged and by 1673 was besieged by lawsuits. The manager simply disappeared and in April 1674, the owners legally seized the personal property of the missing manager. The manager’s family vowed vengeance for the indignities it had suffered. The fire was of suspicious origin and believed to have been intentionally set by one of the manager’s sons. For the owners, the fire represented a bitter blow. Soon after the disaster, the owners convened a meeting to decide what to do and how to pay off the heavy debts. The CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 261

spirit had now gone out of the venture. Totally disgusted, DANIEL DENISON1 (1612 – 1682) angrily rode off on his horse and the meeting broke up in confusion. Litigation continued for a decade more, but the Rowley ironworks was dead. The PUTNAM brothers venture into the world of manufacturing and commerce had ended in failure and the family was forced back to its nearly total reliance on agriculture.190 <<<

Southern New England Indians: From the earliest recorded time, all of New England was peopled by tribes of the great Algonquin family of Indians. It has been estimated that in 1674 there were some 5,000 Narragansett Indians in southeastern New England. This largest and most powerful tribe occupied the territory between the Quinebaug River and the western shore of Narragansett Bay. To the northwest, in an area extending from Northfield, Massachusetts, south and east into Connecticut and Providence Plantations were the villages of about 3,000 Nipmucks. In southeastern Connecticut, the Mohegans (Mohicans), including the Pequots they had absorbed, may have numbered about 2,500, and on Mount Hope Peninsula, the Wampanoags added up to something over 1,000. The Massachusetts Indians had been greatly reduced by wars and pestilence and the remnant of this tribe, along with the Nausets, lived in villages on Cape Cod. All of these tribes belonged to the Algonquian language group. <<<

XVII. THE FIRST INDIAN WAR – “KING PHILIP’S WAR” (1675 – 1678):

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1675: Massachusetts Bay Colony: The summer and fall of 1675 were a black period in Massachusetts history. The “Taunton Treaty of Peace” was broken on June 20th, 1675 at Swansea, Massachusetts when KING PHILIP1 ( ? – 1676), Sachem (Chief) of the Wampanoag (image at left), launched his planned attack to start “The First Indian War” better known as “King Philip's War” (1675 - 1678).191 English expansionism, English jurisdiction and English justice were the great underlying causes of Indian unrest. The steady accumulation of resentment by the Indians grew by every adverse decision of the English courts until it reached the boiling point in 1675. All along the Massachusetts frontier, and up and down the Connecticut valley, Indians took to the warpath against the whites - burning, scalping, and slaying. The alarm spread throughout the colony as the General Court ordered each town to “scout and ward,” erect fortifications, and clear up the brushwood from the sides of all roads and highways to prevent skulking of the enemy. In Ipswich, defenses were thrown up and garrisons established in different parts of the town. All of Massachusetts observed June 29th, 1675, as “a day of public humiliation,” and invoked the blessing of God on the colony’s troops in the field. [July Campaign of 1675] On June 24, 1675 THOMAS PRENTICE1 (1620 - 1710) was appointed Captain of the “Middlesex Troop of Horse.” On June 28, 1675 the mobilized units from and the Massachusetts Colony rendezvoused at the Miles garrison house near Swansea (image at left). The Massachusetts forces included Captain THOMAS PRENTICE1’s (1620 - 1710) “Middlesex Troop of Horse” of about fifty enthusiastic cavalrymen including Cousin DAVID STONE2 (1646 – 1737) [DAVID2 (1646 – 1737), Elder JOHN0 (1618 – 1683), Deacon *GREGORY0 (1592 – 1672)] of Sudbury and Framingham and Cousin SAMUEL STONE JR2 (1656 – 1743) [SAMUEL JR2 (1656 – 1743), Deacon SAMUEL1 (1631 – 1715), Deacon *GREGORY0 (1592 – 1672)] of Cambridge plus a few friendly Indians, Captain th DANIEL HENCHMAN1’s (1623 – 1685) “Boston 5 Company of Colonial Militia” of about one hundred mounted dragoons (or “foot company” per another reference), and the aggressive Captain SAMUEL MOSELEY2’s (1641 – 1680) motley company of about one hundred quickly recruited volunteers all under the overall command of Major THOMAS SAVAGE1 (1608 – 1682) who was attended by two small mounted companies from Boston.

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[Note: Captain DANIEL HENCHMAN1 (1623 – 1685) had been a master at the Public Latin School (Boston Latin School). He was hired on March 12, 1666 to assist Headmaster ROBERT WOODMANSEY0 ( ? – 1667) at the grammar school (Boston Latin School) to teach children to write. He left his position before October 20, 1668. He was a Boston brewer and family lore says he planted the “Great Elm” on Boston Common in 1670 as a shelter for the famous “Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company” of Massachusetts which he commanded. He was commissioned Captain of the “Boston 5th Company of Colonial Militia” on May 12, 1675.] In 1675, the “Essex Regiment,” commanded by Major General DANIEL DENISON1 (1612 – 1682) of Ipswich, Massachusetts, was made up of thirteen foot companies and one cavalry company. Major General DANIEL DENISON1 (1612 – 1682) was originally made “Commander-in-Chief” in “King Philip’s War” by the authorities at Boston with Major THOMAS SAVAGE1 (1608 – 1682) as his second-in- command.192 However, during the futile July Campaign of 1675, illness forced General DANIEL DENISON1 (1612 – 1682) to yield actual command in the field to his subordinate, Major THOMAS SAVAGE1 (1608 – 1682). Captain SAMUEL MOSELEY2 (1641 - 1680) was a hard-bitten sea captain and adventurer who already had a reputation of a hero for having led a successful assault on some Dutch privateers off the coast of Maine in April, 1675. He had assembled a strange assortment of individuals for his company popularly known as the “Privateers” including rough seamen, captured sailors (convicted Dutch pirates), servants, artisans, and apprentices which was considered to be a wild gang of ruthless individuals unmatched in killing and mayhem, and as savage as any Indian they would encounter. One of the most popular and successful officers in the army, Captain SAMUEL MOSELEY2 (1641 - 1680) earned a reputation without doubt as the most arrogant, dramatic, and forceful of the Indian haters in the army. On the other hand, over the course of “King Philip’s War,” no Englishman would become hated more by the Indians than Captain SAMUEL MOSELEY2 (1641 - 1680). As the war proceeded he would become more and more recognized and feared by the Indians. 6X Great Grandfather *ROBERT WARE JR2 (1653 – 1724) [WARE–HANCOCK-WIGHT–POTTER], a husbandman of Dedham and Wrentham, Massachusetts, would be one of the Dedham contingent that joined this rough and tough company on December 9, 1675. In June 1675, Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) was “early in the field” as a Lieutenant in Captain NICHOLAS PAIGE1's mounted troop during the first campaign of “King Philip’s War” [“Mt. Hope Campaign” - June and July, 1675] at Mount Hope, Rhode Island.193 Some years earlier in 1668, Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683), son of Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), was appointed Cornet of Captain JOHN APPLETON1's (1622 – 1699) Ipswich troop. [Note: Probably before hostilities began in 1675, a JOHN WHIPPLE built a fulling mill at the “Small Falls” in Ipswich, Massachusetts.] CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 264

On June 30, 1675 the 300 man strong Massachusetts army swept the Mount Hope peninsula in search of King PHILIP1 ( ? – 1676) and his belligerent Indians. King PHILIP1 ( ? – 1676) and his people had already fled their home on the peninsula on the night of June 29, 1675. In early July, 1675 two horse companies, one led by Captain SAMUEL MOSELEY2 (1641 – 1680) and another by Captain NICHOLAS PAIGE1, with Lieutenant JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) serving under him, were assigned to keep the Mount Hope peninsula under surveillance. Captain DANIEL HENCHMAN1’s (1623 – 1685) mounted dragoon company and Captain THOMAS PRENTICE1’s (1620 - 1710) “Middlesex Troop of Horse” meanwhile conducted patrol operations above Swansea and managed to discover and kill a few belligerent Indians including a minor sachem before returning to headquarters at Swansea on July 4, 1675. The poorly led Colonial army dallied at Swansea for almost a week after sweeping the peninsula while King PHILIP1 ( ? – 1676) successfully evaded it and began recruiting more Indians to his cause. [Pocasset Swamp Fight – July 19, 1675] On July 19, 1675 the combined Massachusetts and Plymouth Colonial army had pursued King PHILIP1 ( ? – 1676) and found him in the Pocasset swamp country where they courageously attacked the retreating Wampanoag and Pocasset Indians in the great cedar swamp. However, the elusive King PHILIP1 ( ? – 1676) along with his new ally, WEETAMOO1 (ca. 1635 – 1676), squaw sachem of the Pocasset Indians, escaped together after inflicting some casualties on the attacking English. Soon after the difficult skirmish in the Pocasset Swamp, Captain NICHOLAS PAIGE1, with Lieutenant JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683), led his troop of horse out of Plymouth Colony back to Boston, Massachusetts. Captain DANIEL HENCHMAN1’s (1623 – 1685) company remained with the Plymouth forces at Pocasset after the swamp fight and then disbanded his mounted dragoon company in midsummer. On August 2nd, 1675, the supposedly neutral Nipmucks made an unprovoked attack on Captain EDWARD HUTCHINSON1’s (1613 – 1675) troop of horse and Captain THOMAS WHEELER1’s (ca. 1621 – 1676) twenty plus mounted troops near Brookfield (Quabaug), Massachusetts and sieged the town of Brookfield where the eighty (80) residents and ambushed troopers took refuge in one of the principal houses of the town. Captain THOMAS WHEELER1 (ca. 1621 – 1676) of Concord, Massachusetts had recruited his mounted company of troopers from several surrounding towns. Both captains were wounded in the ambush and retreated to Brookfield. The three-day siege was lifted when another militia troop arrived. Captain EDWARD HUTCHINSON1 (1613 – 1675), Chief Officer of Cavalry during King Philip’s War, would succumb to his wounds on August 19, 1675. [Frontier Garrison Duty] As early as September 1675, Massachusetts authorities had allotted garrison soldiers to the newly threatened frontier towns of Dunstable, Groton, and Lancaster. Connecticut’s strategy to fight the war all along differed fundamentally from the Massachusetts Puritan colony’s strategy which was to initially assign troops to garrison duty rather than employ them in vigorous offensive CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 265

operations as pushed by the Connecticut leadership as the most effective use of forces to fight the war. Garrison duty was unpopular and hazardous duty. Conditions in the fortified garrison houses were difficult. Officers in charge of the garrisoning operation were ordered to leave no soldiers in any town which refused to furnish provisions to them. Many garrison soldiers, enduring poor quarters and short on provisions, were bored and irritated by the hardships of garrison duty on the frontier and often blamed all of their woes upon the unhappy inhabitants. Constant complaints and demands made by these garrison soldiers made them unwelcome by the struggling townspeople when all was quiet. However, the added protection of garrison soldiers was eagerly sought after when the danger of Indian attack was imminent. Uncle JOHN “The Cooper” POTTER2 (1652/1653 – 1718), the eldest son of 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) and 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1628/29 – 1712) of Ipswich, Massachusetts, was paid 1 pound and 4 shillings on July 24, 1676 (page #338 of War 194 Treasurer JOHN HULL1’s ledger) for having served at Groton garrison. In 1675, 19 year old cousin SIMON STONE2 (1656 – 1741) [Uncle SIMON0 (1586 – 1665), SIMON1 (1631 – 1707), SIMON2 (1656 – 1741)], son of Cousin Deacon SIMON STONE1 (1631 – 1707) and MARY WHIPPLE STONE1 (1634 – 1720), of Watertown, Massachusetts, was sent to Mendon and Groton, Massachusetts to man the garrison house. He was the grandson of Uncle (Deacon) SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665) of Cambridge and Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) of Ipswich. In 1676, he would serve in Captain JOSEPH (SILL) SCYLL1’s (1636 – 1696) company of soldiers raised from Charlestown, Watertown, and Cambridge on an expedition against the Indians in central and western Massachusetts. During “King Philip’s War (1675 – 1678)” cousin SIMON STONE2 (1656 – 1741) would be shot in nine places by the Indians. He would be a claimant in 1735 for rights in a Narragansett Township. 6X Great Grandfather *ROBERT WARE JR2 (1653 – 1724) would serve later in the garrison at Wrentham, Massachusetts in 1676. <<<

[September 18, 1675: Bloody Brook Indian Fight] In answer to the call for troops, Captain THOMAS LATHROP1 (1613 – 1675) of Beverly marched at the head of 70 picked men (including ROBERT DUTCH1 (1621 – 1686) of Ipswich, *ANTHONY POTTER1's (ca. 1628 – 1690) next door neighbor), known as the "Flower of Essex," the finest young men in the army - many of whom were Ipswich sons. On September 18, 1675 as they crossed Muddy Brook (five or six miles due south of Deerfield, Massachusetts) with two supply trains withdrawing from Northfield and Deerfield, they were ambushed by Indians. Captain THOMAS LATHROP1 (1613 – 1675) with more than fifty troopers from Cape Ann and the Ipswich region as well as half the male CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 266

population of Deerfield, almost a hundred men in all, fell. The name of the stream was then changed to Bloody Brook. ROBERT DUTCH1 (1621 – 1686) was wounded and left for dead on the field; he was found alive the day after the massacre by Captain SAMUEL MOSELEY2’s (1641 – 1680) men when the Indians were stripping the dead. He recovered from his wounds and returned to Ipswich, Massachusetts. [Burning of Springfield, Massachusetts – October, 1675] In early October, 1675, incited by King PHILIP1’s ( ? – 1676) successes, the Agawam Indians led by their Hadley Sachem, WEQUOGAN1, torched dozens of undefended houses and barns including a corn-mill and sawmill in Springfield while the inhabitants, who had been forewarned, took safe refuge. Soon after the burning of Springfield, Major SAMUEL APPLETON1 (1625 – 1696) of Ipswich took over as “Commander-in-Chief” of the western theater of operations. He had five hundred men from Connecticut and Massachusetts under his command. Among the Massachusetts forces the most famous unit was the veteran company of Captain SAMUEL MOSELEY2 (1641 - 1680), a company which had distinguished itself in every major operation since the outbreak of the war. By October 13, 1675, the army was again concentrated in the Hadley-Northampton- Hatfield area with headquarters at Hadley. [Attack on Hatfield, Massachusetts – October 19, 1675] Soon after their success at Springfield, the marauding Indians next took sight on Hatfield. However this time, when they attacked Hatfield on October 19, 1675, they were totally surprised by the tenacious troops commanded by Captain SAMUEL MOSELEY2 (1641 – 1680) and after a fierce fight, the disillusioned Indians were driven back in disarray, carrying their dead and wounded away on the backs of horses. The fight at Hatfield helped to compensate for the Springfield disaster. During the first months of the war, the Indians outmaneuvered the colonists at every turn. They attacked during Sunday meeting. They feinted and lured militia away from their towns and burned them. The Indians were so skillful at slinking through the forest and awaiting their chance to attack unsuspecting settlements that there seemed no practical way to stop them. And so it went through the summer and fall of 1675. The colonies preferred volunteers to conscripts; however, as the months went by, the supply of volunteers dwindled, and the long arm of the press officer became more active in New England towns. Each town was assigned a quota based upon the relative size and strength of the town which was enforced by each town’s constable. Throughout New England local communities were hastening preparations for their own defense. Topsfield planned to build a stone wall around its meetinghouse, with a watch house at one corner. Beverly decided to construct four defensive works, including one about the meetinghouse. The fact that the meetinghouse was so often selected to be a center of defense is further evidence of the central position which this building of many uses occupied in the life of the typical New England town. In early November, 1675 mounted troops under Captain DANIEL HENCHMAN1 (1623 – 1685) and Captain JOSEPH (SILL) SCYLL1 (1636 – 1696) CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 267

with Cousin SIMON STONE2 (1656 – 1741) of Cambridge were dispatched to the area east of Brookfield, Massachusetts, and during the next few days they had several minor encounters with hostile Indians which were on the move. On November 12th, 1675, because the Narragansetts were giving aid and support to King PHILIP1 ( ? – 1676) and violating their treaty obligations, the three colonies voted to raise a thousand men for an expeditionary force against the Narragansetts and Wampanoags. Each of the three colonies had its quota of men to raise, their “ablest and most suitable” for such a difficult winter campaign. Efforts to recruit additional men for military service encountered increasing resistance as the war dragged on, for many a family was made desperate by the absence of its breadwinner and defender. Sadly, Massachusetts was forced to deal with a discouraging wave of draft dodging, undoubtedly caused by the already heavy demands of war and the special hardships anticipated with a harsh winter campaign. An army in the field at that bitter season would be in constant peril from the weather and lack of supplies. There were five regular cavalry companies or “troops of horse” in the colony. The most well-to-do in the colony would become cavalry troopers, and the men of greatest ability and influence would be made their officers. Essex County had two troops, one raised in Ipswich, Newbury, and Rowley under the command of Captain JOHN APPLETON1 (1622 – 1699), and another raised in Salem and Lynn under the command of Captain GEORGE CORWIN1 (1610 - 1685). nd On December 2 , 1675, 21 year old Uncle EDMUND POTTER2 (1654 – 1702) was one of many Ipswich men impressed as cavalry troopers in Captain JOHN APPLETON1's (1622 – 1699) Essex County troop of horse from Ipswich, Newbury, and Rowley for the Narragansett expedition.195 nd On December 2 , 1675, THOMAS PUTNAM JR2 (1653 - 1699), the future father of ANN PUTNAM JR3 (1679 - 1716), one of the “afflicted girls” who would be at the center of the Salem witchcraft hysteria, was a trooper from Salem Village (Danvers) in Captain GEORGE CORWIN1’s (1610 - 1685) Essex County troop of horse from Salem and Lynn which was mobilized for the Narragansett campaign. Thursday, December 2nd, 1675 was officially designated as “a day of humiliation and prayer” for the success of the perilous venture. Within the next few days, the soldiers said goodbye to their families and headed for their assembly points, the Massachusetts troops heading for Dedham plain (along the Neponset River in the Hyde Park section of Boston). *ANTHONY POTTER1's (ca. 1628 – 1690) two oldest sons, 23 year old JOHN “The Cooper” POTTER2 (1652/1653 – 1718) and 21 year old EDMUND POTTER2 (1654 – 1702) answered the call to arms during “King Philip's War (1675 - 1678)”. They were the first of many American sons of our family to serve in the armed forces of our country when called. Forty-six year old ROBERT POTTER1 (1629 – 1709), the son of Dr. NICHOLAS POTTER0 (1604 – 1677) and his first wife, EMMA CARTER POTTER1 (ca.1607/08 – ca. 1636), of Lynn, Massachusetts served in the local militia and rose to the CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 268

rank of Captain while serving in “King Philip’s War (1675 – 1678).” Around Massachusetts Bay the ghastly defeats early in the war stimulated the authorities for the first time into some kind of effective action. When the United Colonies set about drafting the thousand men, they promised rewards of allotments of Narragansett land in addition to their pay. On December 8th, 1675, fresh levies of troops from Massachusetts, Plymouth, and Connecticut, fifteen hundred in all, mustered at designated locations, i.e. the Dedham Plain, Taunton and New London respectively for a massive attack on the great Narragansett winter village in a swamp near Kingston, Rhode Island. On December 9, 1675, the Dedham plain (along the Neponset River in the Readville section (in the vicinity of Camp Meigs of Civil War fame) of Hyde Park about 20 miles from Boston at that time) was a scene of bustling activity and martial display as the Massachusetts companies prepared for their departure. Altogether there were well over five hundred men (a quota of 527 soldiers) in this contingent, organized in six companies of infantry and a troop of cavalry, the “Middlesex Troop of Horse” of about seventy-five strong, including Cousins DAVID STONE2 (1646 – 1737) and SAMUEL STONE JR2 (1656 – 1743) who will be wounded in the coming “Great Swamp Fight”, led by Captain THOMAS PRENTICE1 (1620 – 1710) of Cambridge, the whole Massachusetts force being commanded by Major SAMUEL APPLETON1 (1625 – 1696) of Ipswich, Massachusetts. On December 9, 1675, 6X Great Grandfather *ROBERT WARE JR2 (1653 – 1724)[WARE–HANCOCK-WIGHT–POTTER], a husbandman of Dedham and Wrentham, Massachusetts, joined the Dedham contingent that mustered at Dedham, Massachusetts into the “Second Company” commanded by Captain SAMUEL MOSELEY2 (1641 - 1680) of the Massachusetts Regiment commanded by Major Commandant SAMUEL APPLETON1 (1625 – 1696) of Ipswich, Massachusetts. Uncle THOMAS KIMBALL2 (1657 - 1732), future husband of *ANTHONY POTTER1’s oldest daughter, Aunt ELIZABETH POTTER2 (KIMBALL) (1659 - 1723) of Ipswich, was one of the men drafted from Wenham, Massachusetts into Captain JOSEPH GARDINER1’s (ca. 1628 – 1675) “Sixth Massachusetts Company” raised at Salem and the adjoining towns for the Narragansett campaign. Captain JOSEPH GARDINER1 (ca. 1628 – 1675) was a brave leader who would tragically be killed early in “The Great Swamp Fight (December 19, 1675)” against the Narragansett Indians. Uncle THOMAS KIMBALL2’s (1657 – 1732) father, RICHARD KIMBALL1 (1623 – 1676), served in King Philip’s War possibly at Northfield, Massachusetts in September, 1675 and died on May 20 or 26, 1676 in Wenham, Massachusetts probably from injuries sustained or hardships endured in King Philip’s War. Also, Uncle THOMAS KIMBALL2’s uncle, THOMAS KIMBALL1 (1633 - 1676), was killed by Indians in Rowley (Bradford), Massachusetts on May 2, 1676 during King Philip’s War. About 1681 (Uncle) THOMAS KIMBALL2 (1657 - 1732) would marry (Aunt) ELIZABETH POTTER2 (KIMBALL) (1659 - 1723), daughter of 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) and 7X Great CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 269

Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1628/29 – 1712) of Ipswich, Massachusetts, and they would live out their lives in Wenham, Massachusetts. th On December 9 , 1675, Major SAMUEL APPLETON1 (1625 – 1696) of Ipswich, Massachusetts, was given overall command of the Massachusetts regiment while also commanding the “First Foot Troop.” The five other companies of infantry under his command were headed by Captains SAMUEL MOSELEY2 (1641 - 1680), ISAAC JOHNSON1 (1615 – 1675), JOSEPH GARDINER1 (ca. 1628 – 1675), NATHANIEL DAVENPORT1 (ca. 1634 – 1675), and JAMES OLIVER1 (ca. 1617 – 1682). The troop of cavalry, about seventy-five strong, was led by Captain THOMAS PRENTICE1 (1620 – 1710). On Dedham plain a proclamation was read to the soldiers, that, “if they played the man, took the fort, and drove the enemy out of the Narragansett country, which is their great seat, the soldiers shall receive a gratuity of land (later called the “Narragansett Townships”) in addition to their wages.”

Table 39: Companies of the Massachusetts Regiment (Quota of 527 men) commanded by Major SAMUEL APPLETON1 (1625 – 1696) of Ipswich, Massachusetts at the “Great Swamp Fight” near Kingston, Rhode Island on December 19, 1675. Company Commander Casualties and Notable Soldiers First Company Major SAMUEL APPLETON1 136 men: 3 to 4 KIA, (1625 – 1696) of Ipswich, MA. 18 to 22 wounded. Second Captain SAMUEL MOSELEY2 92 men: 6 KIA, 9 wounded. Company (1641 - 1680) of Braintree and 6X Great Grandfather Boston, Massachusetts. *ROBERT WARE JR2 (1653 – 1724) [WARE– HANCOCK-WIGHT– POTTER] of Dedham, Massachusetts. Third Captain JAMES OLIVER1 83 men: 5 KIA, 8 wounded. Company (ca. 1617 – 1682) (Boston Co.) of Boston, Massachusetts. Fourth Captain ISAAC JOHNSON1 75 men: 4 KIA, 8 wounded. Company (1615 – 1675) - KIA Men from Roxbury, Hull, of Roxbury, Massachusetts. Dorchester, Milton, Braintree, Weymouth, and Hingham. Fifth Company Captain NATHANIEL 75 men: 4 KIA, 11 wounded. DAVENPORT1 – KIA Men from Cambridge and (ca. 1634 – 1675) Watertown. of Salem, Massachusetts. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 270

Sixth Captain JOSEPH 95 men: 7 KIA, 10 wounded. Company GARDINER1 – KIA. Uncle THOMAS KIMBALL2 (ca. 1628 – 1675) (1657 - 1732) of Wenham, of Salem, Massachusetts. Massachusetts; future husband of Aunt ELIZABETH POTTER2 (KIMBALL) (1659 - 1723) of Ipswich, Massachusetts. Middlesex Capt. THOMAS PRENTICE1 20 men: 1 KIA, 3 wounded. Troop of Horse (1620 – 1710) (1) Cousin DAVID STONE2 of Cambridge, Massachusetts. (1646 – 1737) of Sudbury and Framingham, MA. (2) Cousin SAMUEL STONE JR2 (1656 – 1743) of Cambridge, Massachusetts – wounded. Notes: (1) 6X Great Grandfather *ROBERT WARE JR2 (1653 – 1724) [WARE– HANCOCK-WIGHT–POTTER] of Dedham and Wrentham, Massachusetts was the son of *ROBERT WARE1 (1611/15/21/25 – 1699), “the Aged,” and *MARGARET HUNTING WARE1 (ca. 1628 – 1670). He was the 3X Great Grandfather of *ABIGAIL HANCOCK WIGHT POTTER6 (1817 – 1851) of Otisfield, Maine. (2) Uncle THOMAS KIMBALL2 (1657 - 1732) was a Wenham, Massachusetts surveyor. He was the son of RICHARD KIMBALL JR1 (1623 – 1676) and MARY SMITH KIMBALL1 of Ipswich, Massachusetts. He was the grandson of RICHARD KIMBALL0 and URSULA SCOTT KIMBALL0 of Watertown and Ipswich, Massachusetts. He was the future husband (about 1681) of Aunt ELIZABETH POTTER2 (KIMBALL) (1659 - 1723), daughter of 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) and 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1628/29 – 1712) of Ipswich, Massachusetts. (3) Cousin DAVID STONE2 (1646 – 1737) of Sudbury and Framingham, Massachusetts was the son of Elder JOHN STONE1 (1618 – 1683) and the grandson of 8X Great Grandfather Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 - 1672) and his first wife, MARGARET GARRAD STONE0 (1597 – 1626) of Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was the nephew of 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1628/29 – 1712) of Ipswich, Massachusetts. Uncle DAVID STONE1 (1622 – 1704) and Uncle Deacon SAMUEL STONE1 (1631 – 1707) were cousins.

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(4) Cousin SAMUEL STONE JR2 (1656 – 1743) of Cambridge, Massachusetts was wounded in the “Great Swamp Fight”; he was the son of Uncle Deacon SAMUEL STONE1 (1631 – 1715) and Aunt SARAH STEARNES STONE1 (1635 – 1700) and was the grandson of 8X Great Grandfather Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 - 1672) of Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was the nephew of 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1628/29 – 1712) of Ipswich, Massachusetts. Uncle Deacon SAMUEL STONE1 (1631 – 1715) was the son of 8X Great Grandfather Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 - 1672) and his second wife, 8X Great Grandmother *LYDIA (?) COOPER STONE0 (ca. 1595 - 1674). He was a younger brother of 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1628/29 – 1712) of Ipswich, Massachusetts.

Cousin DAVID STONE2 (1646 – 1737) and Cousin SAMUEL STONE JR2 (1656 – 1743) were cavalry troopers in the “Middlesex Troop of Horse” commanded by 196 Captain THOMAS PRENTICE1 (1620 - 1710) of Cambridge, Massachusetts. DAVID STONE2 (1646 – 1737) [DAVID2 (1646 – 1737), Elder JOHN1 (1618 – 1683) , Deacon *GREGORY0 (1592 – 1672)] of Sudbury and Framingham and SAMUEL STONE JR2 (1656 – 1743) [SAMUEL JR2 (1656 – 1743), SAMUEL1 (1631 – 1715), Deacon *GREGORY0 (1592 – 1672)] of Cambridge were cousins of 23 year old JOHN “The Cooper” POTTER2 (1652/1653 – 1718) and 21 year old EDMUND POTTER2 (1654 – 1702), young sons of 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1628/29 – 1712) of Ipswich, Massachusetts. About December 10, 1675 Captain THOMAS PRENTICE1 (1620 – 1710) and his “Middlesex Troop of Horse” of about seventy-five strong, including Cousin DAVID STONE2 (1646 – 1737) and Cousin SAMUEL STONE JR2 (1656 – 1743), both grandsons of Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) of Cambridge, Massachusetts and cousins of Uncle EDMUND POTTER2 (1654 – 1702) of Ipswich, Massachusetts were sent ahead of the army as an advance scouting force, first to Rehoboth, then to Providence, and on to Wickford, Rhode Island which became the main base for the attack on the Narragansett Indians. The small village of Wickford (near Smith’s Garrison) on the western shore of Narragansett Bay about nine miles below Warwick was selected as the army’s advance base. Cousin SAMUEL STONE JR2 (1656 – 1743) of Cambridge would soon be wounded in the “Great Swamp Fight (December 19, 1675).” 197 <<<

December 19, 1675: The Great Swamp Fight: On December 19, 1675, at South Kingston, Rhode Island, occurred the "Great Swamp Fight" in which the Narragansett Indians made their last stand in King Philip's War and were crushed by the united forces of the Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Plymouth Colonies with their two hundred Mohican Indian allies. The winter campaign CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 272

against the neutral Narragansett was instituted for the somewhat inadequate reason that they refused to deliver up the Wampanoag women and children and wounded whom they were harboring. An English force of approximately fifteen hundred (1,500) men, infantry and cavalry, by far the largest army the colonies had ever mobilized, made a forced march of eighteen miles to attack the great Narragansett walled winter village in a deep swamp near Kingston, Rhode Island. [Note: “THE GREAT SWAMP FIGHT” roadside marker is located on Route 2 in West Kingston, Rhode Island at the corner of Great Swamp Monument Drive, a dirt road that leads to the site of the fight. A granite obelisk surrounded by four large granite blocks marks the site. The roadside marker states: “THE GREAT SWAMP FIGHT – Three-quarters of a mile to the southward on an island in the great swamp the Narragansett Indians were decisively defeated by the united forces of the Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut and Plymouth Colonies, Sunday, December 19, 1675.”] On a five to six acre island in the middle of the Great Swamp north of Worden’s Pond, the Narragansett Indians had built themselves a secret fortified village comprised of a stockaded redoubt reinforced by hedges and an inner rampart of rocks and clay, with blockhouses so arranged as to flank the approaches with crossfire. The fortified village contained approximately 500 wigwams and housed thousands of Indians. There was but one way to begin the attack upon the fort – by a concerted rush at the single entrance where a massive tree trunk spanned a moat-like sheet of ice. With supreme heroism, the “Fourth Company” and the “Fifth Company,” the two leading companies of Massachusetts soldiers led respectively by Captain ISAAC JOHNSON1 (1615 – 1675) and Captain NATHANIEL DAVENPORT1 (ca. 1634 – 1675) made the first assault. The determined militiamen swept across the frozen ground,

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clambered over the horizontal trunk in the face of galling enemy fire from the blockhouse, struggled valiantly to get across this massive log and into the fort but were initially repulsed with heavy losses. Captain ISAAC JOHNSON1 (1615 – 1675), at the head of the “Fourth Company,” was killed early in the attack as he led his brave men into the breach and Captain NATHANIEL DAVENPORT1 (ca. 1634 – 1675), commanding the “Fifth Company,” was also killed while leading this first assault, falling just within the fort. The tenacious Indians drove this first wave of hard-fighting English back into the swamp. Captain NATHANIEL DAVENPORT1 (ca. 1634 – 1675), who was conspicuously dressed as a senior officer and leading the first attack, was shot three times just within the main gate of the swamp fort. As he was dying he called his Lieutenant, EDWARD TYNG2 (1649 – ca. 1700), and gave him command of the “Fifth Company.”

Two companies of reinforcements were brought up to resume the attack: (1) Captain JOSEPH GARDINER1’s (ca. 1628 – 1675) “Sixth Company” with Private (Uncle) THOMAS KIMBALL2 (1657 – 1732) of Wenham, Massachusetts (who would marry *ANTHONY POTTER1’s (ca. 1628 – 1690) oldest daughter, Aunt ELIZABETH POTTER2 (KIMBALL) (1659 - 1723) of Ipswich, Massachusetts) and (2) Captain SAMUEL MOSELEY2’s (1641 – 1680) “Second Company” which included 6X Great Grandfather *ROBERT WARE JR2 (1653 – 1724) [WARE-HANCOCK-WIGHT- POTTER], a husbandman of Dedham and Wrentham, Massachusetts, who had joined the Dedham contingent. While courageously leading his “Sixth Company” including Private (Uncle) THOMAS KIMBALL2 (1657 – 1732) in the second assault, Captain JOSEPH CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 274

GARDINER1 (ca. 1628 – 1675) from Salem was killed. He was shot through the head in the bloody battle amidst the wigwams at the east end of the fort. Captain SAMUEL MOSELEY2 (1641 – 1680) survived the onslaught but even his fearless “Privateers” were unable to make any significant progress into the fort. Next came Major SAMUEL APPLETON1 (1625 – 1696) and Captain JAMES OLIVER1 (ca. 1617 – 1682) with their two companies, the “First Company” and “Third Company,” respectively. The valiant Major SAMUEL APPLETON1 (1625 – 1696) of Ipswich, Massachusetts, commander of the Massachusetts Regiment as well as its “First Company,” and veteran commander of the Connecticut valley garrisons, rallied the troops and led a further assault with the rest of the Massachusetts troops massed into a storming column. On a wave of fresh courage, the massed soldiers stormed over the tree trunk and into the fort. Through the breach the English poured, setting fire to the Indian houses and shamelessly butchering indiscriminately the warriors, women, and children who inhabited the great village. The Narragansetts and Wampanoags were the ancient enemies of the Mohicans. OWENECO TATUPHOSUWHUT1 (ca. 1627 – 1715), eldest son of the famous Mohican Sachem UNCAS0 (ca. 1588 – ca. 1683), was the war chief of the Mohican Indian allies of the English at the “Great Swamp Fight (December 19, 1675)” at Kingston, Rhode Island on December 19, 1675. With two hundred of his Mohican warriors, he joined the English in the attack on the village fort. Fifty-one of the Mohicans were killed and eighty-two wounded in the fight. CANONCHET1 ( ? – 1676), the Chief Sachem of the Narragansetts, was in command of the Narragansett Indians at the swamp fight with his cousin QUINAPEN1 ( ? – 1676) as second in command. Both survived the “Great Swamp Fight” only to be captured later and executed in 1676. CANONCHET1 ( ? – 1676) was the son of the great sachem MIANTONOMO0 (ca. 1600 - 1643), a nephew of CANONICUS-1 ( ? – 1647). Hundreds of Narragansett Indians including three hundred warriors and more than three hundred women and children were shamelessly killed or burned to death, but many more escaped as the conflagration consumed their flimsy huts. The Narragansetts had been firm friends of the English for more than twenty years until the death of their beloved sachem MIANTONOMO0 (ca. 1600 – 1643) in 1643 at the hands of the conniving UNCAS0 (ca. 1588 – ca. 1683) of the Mohicans, their arch enemies. About four o’clock in the afternoon, the exhausted troops staggered out of the smoldering fort. The dead had to be left behind buried under the snow. It was an extremely costly victory for the United Colonies with about 20 percent of the total number engaged either killed or wounded. Seventy to eighty men were killed including half of the company commanders, i.e. seven out of fourteen, and of the 150 to 200 wounded, close to a third of them died. In the “Great Swamp Fight” of December 19, 1675, the English cut down the strength of the Narragansett to approximately half of what it had been. King PHILIP1 ( ? – 1676) himself was not present at the “Great Swamp Fight (December 19, 1675).” CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 275

Major SAMUEL APPLETON1 (1625 – 1696) of Ipswich, Massachusetts had rendered conspicuous service in securing the colonial victory over the Narragansett Indians. Twenty-one year old Uncle EDMUND POTTER2 (1654 – 1702), son of 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) and 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1628/29 – 1712) of Ipswich, Massachusetts, continued to serve as a trooper in Captain JOHN APPLETON1’s (1622 – 1699) Troop of Horse during the “Narragansett Winter Campaign.” 198 After the “Great Swamp Fight (December 19, 1675)”, the victors and vanquished were left in the deepening snow of a rapidly worsening December blizzard, both withdrawing to lick their wounds and extricate themselves as best they could. The “First Company” from Ipswich had three or four killed and eighteen to twenty-two wounded in the great battle with the Indians. For several weeks the troops were snow-bound in their encampment at Wickford, Rhode Island. <<< After the “Great Swamp Fight (December 19, 1675),” Captain THOMAS PRENTICE1’s (1620 – 1710) “Middlesex Troop of Horse” including Cousin DAVID STONE2 (1646 – 1737) and Cousin SAMUEL STONE JR2 (1656 – 1743), was active in the subsequent scouting raids into the adjoining country. The two Essex County troops under Captain JOHN APPLETON1 (1622 – 1699), with Uncle EDMUND POTTER2 (1654 – 1702) of Ipswich, and Captain GEORGE CORWIN1 (1610 – 1685), with THOMAS PUTNAM JR2 (1653 – 1699) of Salem Village (Danvers), may have been assigned to him for this expedition. On December 27, 1675 Captain THOMAS PRENTICE1 (1620 – 1710) led his troops into the Shawomet sachem POMHAM’s ( ? – 1676) country (now Warwick Neck, Rhode Island) and destroyed many wigwams of an Indian village but found no Indians. <<<

1676: Rhode Island: About January 10, 1676, after a difficult march in extremely cold weather, new recruits from Massachusetts commanded by Captains SAMUEL BROCKLEBANK1 (1626 – 1676) of Rowley, SAMUEL WADSWORTH1 (1630 – 1676), and JOSEPH (SILL) SCYLL1 (1636 – 1696) with Cousin SIMON STONE2 (1656 – 1741) of Cambridge, arrived at Wickford, Rhode Island from Dedham and Rehoboth, Massachusetts. With other recruits that had arrived, the strengthened inter- colonial army was now ready to pursue the withdrawing Indians. On January 21, 1676, Captain THOMAS PRENTICE1 (1620 – 1710) was again scouting with his troops of horse and met with a party of Indians of whom two were captured and nine killed. On January 27, 1676 a band of enemy Indians made an early-morning raid CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 276

upon Pawtuxet, Rhode Island. They destroyed a number of buildings and made their escape with much livestock but killed none of the inhabitants. The two troops of Captain SAMUEL MOSELEY2 (1641 - 1680) with 6X Great Grandfather *ROBERT WARE JR2 (1653 – 1724) of Dedham and Captain JOSEPH (SILL) SCYLL1 (1636 – 1696) with Cousin SIMON STONE2 (1656 – 1741) of Cambridge arrived upon the scene within a few hours after the attack but thought it unwise to attempt a chase. In late January, 1676, the inter-colonial army pillaged the Narragansett countryside throughout Rhode Island, burning and seizing Indian supplies while proceeding northward into Massachusetts. This futile but dogged pursuit of the foe came to be ingloriously called the “Hungry March.” The appalling hardships of the winter campaign in the Narragansett country brought military morale to a new low, making it even more difficult to raise the sorely needed reinforcements. The Narragansett winter campaign army finally disbanded on February 5th, 1676 and Captain THOMAS PRENTICE1’s (1620 – 1710) “Middlesex Troop of Horse” returned to Boston, Trooper Cousin DAVID STONE2 (1646 – 1737) continued home to Sudbury or Framingham, Trooper Cousin SAMUEL STONE JR2 (1656 – 1743) continued home to Cambridge or Watertown, Trooper Uncle EDMUND POTTER2 (1654 – 1702) continued home to Ipswich, and Trooper THOMAS PUTNAM JR2 (1653 – 1699) continued home to Salem Village (Danvers). On February 29, 1676 Uncle EDMUND POTTER2 (1654 – 1702) of Ipswich and THOMAS PUTNAM JR2 (1653 – 1699) of Salem Village (Danvers), the future father of ANN PUTNAM JR3 (1679 - 1716) of Salem witchcraft fame, were listed together as troopers under Captain THOMAS PRENTICE1 (1620 – 1710). Uncle EDMUND POTTER2’s (1654 – 1702) younger sister, Aunt LYDIA POTTER (PUTNAM)2 (ca. 1661 – 1745) of Ipswich, Massachusetts would marry Uncle JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1659 – 1739) of Salem Village (Danvers), Massachusetts in 1683. Uncle JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1659 – 1739) was the son of Captain JOHN PUTNAM1 (1627 – 1710) and REBECCA PRINCE PUTNAM1 (1627 - 1704) of Salem Village (Danvers), Massachusetts, and was the cousin of THOMAS PUTNAM JR2 (1653 – 1699) who was the son of Lieutenant THOMAS PUTNAM1 (1615 – 1686) of Salem Village (Danvers), Massachusetts. <<< Massachusetts: With the army disbanded, the towns along the frontier to the east now became tempting targets for the Indians. From February to May 1676, the tide of Indian raids was almost unchecked by any English success. There was very little comfort during these months for the exposed frontier settlements of the Boston area. The outer-most ring consisted of Dunstable, Groton, Lancaster, Marlborough, Medfield, Mendon, Wrentham, and Sudbury and each would endure its ordeal. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 277

[Lancaster, Massachusetts attacked and burned - Mrs. ROWLANDSON1 taken captive – February 10, 1676.] MONOCO0 ( ? – 1676), also known as “APEQUINASH0” and “ONE-EYED JOHN0,” was the fierce sachem of the Nashaway tribe of the Nipmuck Indians. With a large force of warriors, about 400 strong, he attacked and destroyed Lancaster, Massachusetts on February 10, 1676. Most of the deserted homes and outbuildings in the town were destroyed. Fortunately, the inhabitants of Lancaster had taken shelter in six garrison houses, five of which had managed to hold out successfully against the enemy onslaught. However, one blockhouse was breached and a dozen inhabitants killed with perhaps twenty or more taken captive including Mrs. MARY WHITE ROWLANDSON1 (ca. 1637 – 1711), her children, and some relatives. The community suffered more than fifty casualties and six weeks later the town of Lancaster was abandoned. After this attack, all the frontier towns were in a state of excitement and tension. Mrs. MARY WHITE ROWLANDSON1 (ca. 1637 – 1711) was held for eleven agonizing weeks before being ransomed for cash at Princeton, Massachusetts. Following the destruction of Lancaster, there would be a series of Indian attacks upon the exposed frontier towns of Groton, Marlborough, Sudbury, and Medfield. After Lancaster, Massachusetts ordered two mounted patrols to cover the frontier line from Groton down to Medfield. Five days after the attack on Lancaster, Captain SAMUEL MOSELEY2 (1641 - 1680) was ordered to Sudbury for the purpose of strengthening the endangered frontier area. <<< [Medfield, Massachusetts attacked and burned – February 21, 1676] Following his successful attack on Lancaster, on February 21, 1676, using the same tactics, MONOCO0 ( ? – 1676) attacked and burned Medfield, Massachusetts, the home of our 7X Great Uncles: (1) THOMAS WIGHT JR1 (1629 – 1690), (2) SAMUEL WIGHT1 (1640 – 1716), and (3) EPHRAIM WIGHT1 (1645 – 1723). Some twenty Medfield settlers were killed and more than half the houses were burned or otherwise destroyed. >>>[See “APPENDIX C: *WIGHT PEDIGREE” for the detailed story.]<<< In February, 1676, Captain JOSEPH (SILL) SCYLL1 (1636 – 1696) of Cambridge, Massachusetts, with 19 year old cousin SIMON STONE2 (1656 – 1741) in his troop of horse, captured 300 Indians. On another expedition, with a company of only fifty troopers, he escorted a long train of wagons from Groton, Massachusetts to Boston successfully resisting Indian attacks along the way. As the Indian raids got closer and closer to Boston, on February 23rd, 1676, a solemn “Day of Humiliation” was observed in the meetinghouse at Boston. [Wrentham, Massachusetts abandoned – March, 1676] The small village of Wrentham laid directly in the main Indian trail from Mt. Hope, Rhode Island, the seat of King Philip’s headquarters, to Medfield, Massachusetts. Precariously located, Wrentham’s inhabitants were in great danger of attack. After the Lancaster and Medfield attacks, the town of Wrentham apprised the government of their weak condition and begged for military aid or advice. With little hope of help, in March 1676, sparsely CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 278

populated and without any means of defense, the extremely vulnerable Wrentham (Wollomonopoag), Massachusetts was evacuated by its settlers who took refuge in Dedham and elsewhere from the rampaging Indians and did not return until 1680. In March 1676 Uncle Lieutenant JOHN WARE2 (1646 – 1718), our 6X Great Grandfather *ROBERT WARE JR2 (1653 – 1724) and also our 6X Great Grandfather *NATHANIEL WARE2 (1648 – 1724) moved their families from Wrentham back to Dedham, Massachusetts until it was safe to return to Wrentham in 1680. They had migrated from Dedham to Wrentham between 1671 and 1675. The warring Indians did in fact come after the inhabitants had fled and burned all the dwellings in Wrentham to the ground save two because they feared the two houses were infected with smallpox. 6X Great Grandfather *ROBERT WARE JR2 (1653 – 1724) was a volunteer from Dedham, Massachusetts in Captain SAMUEL MOSELEY2’s (1641 - 1680) company in December, 1675 and fought at the deadly “Great Swamp Fight” on December 19, 1675 in Kingston, Rhode Island. He served later in the garrison at Wrentham, Massachusetts in 1676. [Groton attacked – March 13, 1676] After Medfield (sixteen miles from Boston) on February 21, 1676, the Narragansett and Nipmuck Indians turned upon Groton (north of Lancaster) in a series of increasingly weighty attacks in retaliation for the destruction of their village at Quebaug, near Brookfield, Massachusetts. In the last of these on March 13, 1676, the Groton meeting house, sixty-five Groton homes, and one of the five fortified Groton garrison houses were burned, and one settler killed. Four of the fortified Groton garrison houses set along Main Street to support each other survived the attack. The notorious Nipmuck (Nashaway) Sachem ONE-EYED JOHN1 (MONOCO1) had been at the head of these five hundred raiders, more interested in destroying English property than in manpower exchanges. After the destruction of most of its dwellings, Groton had to be abandoned and its inhabitants took refuge at Concord and other safe havens. Uncle JOHN “the cooper” POTTER2 (1652/1653 – 1718), the eldest son of 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) and 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1628/29 – 1712) of Ipswich, Massachusetts, was paid 1 pound and 4 shillings on July 24, 1676 (page #338 of War Treasurer JOHN HULL1’s ledger) for having served at Groton garrison. He may have served in Captain THOMAS WHEELER1’s (ca. 1621 – 1676) company at Groton garrison. [Winter Campaign into Nipmuck Country – March, 1676] At the end of February, 1676, fresh troops and horses were ordered to repel the Indian foe, and Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) was appointed Captain of a horse troop raised for this service under Major THOMAS SAVAGE0 (1608 – 1682) and served with the army in the unsuccessful maneuvering of that campaign. JOHN STONE2 (1654 – 1750) [JOHN2 (1654 – 1750)-West, DAVID1 (1622 - 1704), Deacon *GREGORY0 (1592 – 1672)], of Cambridge Farms (now Lincoln and CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 279

Lexington), who was the cousin of DAVID STONE2 (1646 – 1737) and SAMUEL STONE JR2 (1656 - 1743), and nephew of 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 - 1712), served under Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) during this winter campaign. The Massachusetts contingent of about 300 men under the command of Major THOMAS SAVAGE0 (1608 – 1682), with Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) of Ipswich in command of one of his troops of horse and Captain JOHN APPLETON1 (1622 – 1699) of Ipswich in command of another, with young Uncle EDMUND POTTER2 (1654 – 1702) as one of his troopers, rendezvoused at Marlborough, Massachusetts, their main supply base, for a campaign in the Nipmuck country. In early March, 1676, they marched to Brookfield where they were joined by a Connecticut contingent of about 200 men and some Indian allies. Intelligence indicated that the hostile Narragansett and Nipmuck Indians were encamped at three villages beyond Brookfield in the area of Menameset. However, as they approached, the enemy Indians fled before them, crossed the swollen Miller’s River, and successfully evaded the chasing English army that decided to give up the chase and marched down to Hadley, Massachusetts. This inept campaign was criticized as one “carried out with something less than ordinary skill. [Long Meadow – March 26, 1676] In February, 1676 JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) of Ipswich, Massachusetts became Captain of a “special troop of horse.” Towards the end of March, while at Hadley, Massachusetts, Major THOMAS SAVAGE0 (1608 – 1682) received word of an Indian raid at “Long Meadow” just a short distance below Springfield, Massachusetts. He sent Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) with his “special troop of horse” to their relief. Eight Indians had attacked a group of sixteen or eighteen men, women, and children from “Long Meadow” on their way to meeting in Springfield. When Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) and his troop arrived, the eight Indians kept the much larger force away and killed, wounded, or captured a number of the churchgoing colonists. Although most of the group managed to escape with their lives, a man and a maid (girl) were killed, and two women, each with a small child, were seized and carried off. Later the Indians, upon being overtaken by the rescue party, killed the children and severely wounded the two mothers before fleeing. His command in the field did not escape charges of ineptness. For retreating with forty men rather than rescuing colonists from eight Indians, Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683), as commander of the troop, was held responsible for the disaster at Springfield (Long Meadow) which was considered a matter of “great 199 shame”. On April 1, 1676 in a letter of instructions, Major SAVAGE1 remarked: “touching that rebuke of God upon Captain WHIPPLE1 and ye poor people of CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 280

Springfield, it is a matter of great shame and humbling to us.” Word of the sad event spread and Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) was ridiculed with the following epithet: “Seven Indians and one without a gun, caused Captain Whipple and forty men to run.” In defense of his actions, Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) explained that when the order was received at Quabaug (now Brookfield, Massachusetts) from the Council to attack the Indians at Wachuset, a council of war was held and it was decided to be impossible under the circumstances. Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) reported the following reasons for this stand: (1) half of his troop was not able to march; (2) the other half had but one day’s provision for the six days’ march; (3) sixteen men under Lieutenant FLOOD1 petitioned to go home as their poor horses were nearly worn out and that they needed to plant crops to support their families. They were allowed to return home. Basically, his men were ill equipped to carry out the mission assigned them. Early in April, 1676 Major THOMAS SAVAGE0 (1608 – 1682), with the disgraced Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683), led the Massachusetts contingent back toward Boston. So ended another hopeful but unsuccessful enterprise by Colonial troops. <<< By the first week of April, 1676, Groton, Lancaster, Mendon, and Wrentham, Massachusetts were depopulated, and Marlborough was nearly so. The entire outer ring of the frontier had crumbled. The Indians were continuing to harass the settlers at widely scattered points. Although essentially abandoned, many of these frontier towns were garrisoned to stem the spread of these attacks to other towns. The Indians kept up their successful attacks on towns, garrisons and settlements through the winter until by April 1676 the situation seemed desperate to the Colonists. April had become the cruelest month. Ambush followed ambush. Efforts to recruit additional men for military service encountered increasing resistance as the war dragged on. A draft law was enacted making every male inhabitant between sixteen and sixty liable to military service with the death penalty for those who refused to serve. Refugees streamed in from the frontier overburdening the coastal towns. Food and housing were scarce. Five years earlier (1671) God had punished New England for its sins with sickness, poor crops, and shipping losses. Now he had inflicted a terrible war upon the people. The clergy stepped up their exhortations. Days of public fasting and prayer were ordered. Men were told to cease swearing and women to shed ostentatious clothing and dress plainly. Ministers searched wide for the sins that had angered God.

[Death of JOHN WINTHROP JR1 – April 5, 1676] During the spring of 1676, an epidemical disease raged through southern New England and proved fatal to many people. On April 5, 1676, the beloved JOHN WINTHROP JR1 (1606 – 1676), founder of Ipswich, Massachusetts died from sickness in CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 281

Boston and was buried in the King’s Chapel burying ground next to his famous father. The desolation wrought by King Philip’s warriors bore less heavily on the Puritans than the loss of their just magistrate, industrial pioneer and beloved physician.

[THOMAS KIMBALL1 (1633 – 1676) killed by Indians – May 2, 1676] 7X Great Grandfather *GEORGE HADLEY1 (1628 – 1686) was the grandfather of *SUSANNAH HADLEY POTTER3 (ca. 1693/94 – 1739), the wife of 5X Great Grandfather *THOMAS POTTER3 (1691 – 1753) of Ipswich Farms, Massachusetts. 7X Great Grandfather *GEORGE HADLEY1 (1628 – 1686) had lived in Ipswich, Massachusetts from 1639 until December, 1655, when he moved his family to Bradford, a northern section of Rowley, on the Merrimack River near Haverhill, Massachusetts. In November, 1666, *GEORGE HADLEY1 (1628 – 1686) exchanged his Bradford (Rowley) farm with that owned by THOMAS KIMBALL1 (1633-1676), a wheelwright, in west Ipswich, Massachusetts, later known as “Ipswich Farms” and then “Line Brook Parish” near Topsfield. Little did 7X Great Grandfather *GEORGE HADLEY1 (1628 – 1686) know at the time that by moving from Bradford (Rowley) to Ipswich Farms by means of this trade would save his life. [Note: 6X Great Grandfather *SAMUEL HADLEY SR2 (1652 – 1745), son of 7X Great Grandfather *GEORGE HADLEY1 (1628 – 1686), served in the Training Band of Amesbury, Massachusetts and was a soldier in “King Philip’s War (Narragansett War) 1675 – 1676” under Captain FRANK DAVIS2. 6X Great Grandfather *SAMUEL HADLEY SR2 (1652 – 1745) was the father of 5X Great Grandmother *SUSANNAH HADLEY POTTER3 (ca. 1693/94 – 1739) of Ipswich Farms (Linebrook Parish), Massachusetts.] On the night of May 2, 1676, three well known “Praying Indians” who had turned against the English, named PETER1, ANDREW1, and SYMON1, so they had been christened, started for Rowley intent on a killing spree in Rowley, Massachusetts. Failing to reach their destination early enough for their purposes, they found their way to the home of THOMAS KIMBALL1 (1633-1676) in Bradford near the Merrimack River. The surprised THOMAS KIMBALL1 (1633-1676) was killed by SYMON1. His wife, MARY SMITH KIMBALL1 (1637 – 1688), and his five children were taken captive and carried forty miles into the wilderness, where they remained forty-one days. On May 3, 1676, her pious parents in Ipswich asked prayers on the Sabbath that they might be delivered. MARY SMITH KIMBALL1’s (1637 – 1688) life and that of her infant child were threatened by her abductors, and twice were the fires lighted to burn them. However, they were freed without ransom by the friendly Chief WANALANCET1 ( ? - ca. 1697), son of the wise sachem PASACONAWAY0 (PASSORONOWAY0), of the Pennacook Indians who historically lived near Dunstable, Massachusetts. They reached their home on June 13, 1676. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 282

The famous Captain (later Major and Colonel) JONATHAN TYNG2 (1642 – 1723/24) of Dunstable, Massachusetts had befriended Chief WANALANCET1 ( ? - ca. 1697) who was wisely advised by his father, Chief PASACONAWAY0 (PASSORONOWAY0) to avoid confrontations with the English who could certainly crush them in a war. During “King Philip’s War,” when the belligerent Indians attacked and killed settlers in Chelmsford and Groton, Captain JONATHAN TYNG2 (1642 – 1723/24) built a fortified house (blockhouse) along the river in Dunstable and stayed there when most everybody else fled. He remained there with his wife, their four children, and a servant, but the Indians avoided them. He had almost bonded with the friendly Pennacook Indians, his protectors. The Pennacook Indians wisely refused to participate in “King Philip’s War.” By the first week of May, 1676, the tide of victory was slowly beginning to shift toward the English. The hungry Indians needed food and were on the move to their choice fishing spots. A summer drought would add to their problems. The English had become ruthless and merciless in the prosecution of the war, not even sparing Indian women and children. The war had brutalized men who called themselves Christians. On May 30, 1676 Captain DANIEL HENCHMAN1 (1623 – 1685) and his Boston company were mobilized again and headed out towards the Hadley area. [Fight at Washakom Ponds – June, 1676] At Washakom Ponds they killed or captured eighty-four of the hostile Indians without loss of any English soldiers. This successful expedition ended early in July 1676. As the Indian’s supplies dwindled and the plundered country could no longer support the marauding bands, the Indians found it more and more difficult to sustain the war. The English outnumbered the natives four to one but the main cause of defeat was the lack of the Indian’s food reserves. One of the clearest indications of the Indians’ fast-waning power was the number of Indian surrenders in these hot midsummer days. On July 27th, 1676, a spectacular mass surrender of about 180 Nipmuck Indians occurred at Boston. Mount Hope, Rhode Island: The Wampanoags and Narragansetts were finally driven into the swamps around Mount Figure 34: Hope, Rhode Island in July, 1676. The crushing blow came on KING PHILIP1 th ( ? – 1676) August 12 , 1676 when KING PHILIP2 ( ? – 1676) was killed at Mount Hope, Rhode Island. He was tracked down by the famous Indian fighter Captain BENJAMIN CHURCH2’s (1639 – 1718) outfit and was shot through the heart by a Seaconnet Indian ally named by the English, JOHN ALDERMAN1. KING PHILIP1’s head decorated a pole in the old town of Plymouth for a quarter century thereafter.

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After the death of KING PHILIP1 ( ? – 1676) on August 12, 1676, the Wampanoags, Nipmucks, and Narragansetts sought assistance and shelter from their fellow Algonquins, the Wabanakis, in the north and continued the fight until the final peace treaty was signed at Casco, Maine in April, 1678. During this period, Indian hit- and-run raids along the New England coast terrified the settlers on the northeastern frontier. [Falmouth, Casco Bay, Maine – Friday, August 11, 1676] During the night of August 13, 1676, 10X Great Grandfather Major *BRYAN PENDLETON-2 (1599 – 1681), Magistrate of Winter Harbor, Massachusetts (now Saco, Maine), wrote a letter to Massachusetts Governor JOHN LEVERETT0 (1616 – 1678/79) informing him of the tragic and major Indian raid of August 11th, 1676 that killed many of the settlers in the neighboring town of Falmouth or Casco Bay, Massachusetts (now Portland, Maine). He reported that thirty-two settlers – ten men, six women, and sixteen children – were killed or carried away by the Wabanaki Indians. He also reported that the Reverend GEORGE BURROUGHS2 (1650 – 1692), eventually to become famous during the Salem witchcraft episode in 1692, had avoided the Indians by escaping to a nearby island where he was rescued. A few days after the assault on Casco Bay (Falmouth), other Wabanakis raided the trading post at the mouth of the Kennebec River. All the settlements along the coast north of Black Point (Scarborough, Maine), were soon abandoned and the panicked refugees, including Reverend GEORGE BURROUGHS2 (1650 – 1692), poured south to find safety. Casco Bay (Falmouth) would be abandoned for five years. After the attack, the Reverend GEORGE BURROUGHS2 (1650 – 1692) fled Falmouth (Portland), Maine and went to Salisbury, Massachusetts where he spent four years as minister before moving in 1680 to Salem Village, Massachusetts where he would unfortunately live with Captain JOHN PUTNAM1 (1627 – 1710) and REBECCA PRINCE PUTNAM1 (1627 – 1704) for nine months, and eventually meet his demise there during the “Salem Witchcraft Hysteria of 1692.” (See the next chapter.) In the wake of the devastating 1676 Casco Bay (Portland) Indian raid which obliterated the town, the family of three-year old MERCY LEWIS3 (ca. 1673 - ? ), later of “Salem Witchcraft Hysteria of 1692” fame, temporarily fled to Salem, Massachusetts. Indian captives were either executed or sold into slavery at New England, West Indies, Spain, the Mediterranean coasts, and North Africa. Boston Common was the scene of frequent executions of notorious Indians. Sometimes they were hanged; sometimes they were shot. The betrayed Nipmuck sachem MATOONAS1, who had led the attacks on Mendon and Brookfield, was tied to a tree on Boston Common and shot by converted Nipmuck Indian allies of the English on July 27, 1676. Eight Indians were shot there on September 13th, 1676, three were hanged there several days later, four more including SAGAMORE SAM1 and several other Nipmuck sachems who were tricked into surrendering were executed on September 26th, and two others put to death on October 12th, 1676. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 284

Table 40: Biography of 10X Great Grandfather Major *BRYAN PENDLETON-2 (1599 – 1681), the First American of the PENDLETON branch of our family. [*PENDLETON-EWELL-GRANT-POTTER] Item History Birth 1599 – in or near Manchester, Lancashire, England. Marriage April 22, 1619 – married 8X Great Grandmother *ELEANOR PRICE (PENDLETON)-2 (1599 – 1689), daughter of *RICHADR PRICE-3 (1575 - ? ) and *ELIZABETH CROMWELL PRICE-3, in St. Martin’s Church, Birmingham, Warwickshire, England; had five children. History In 1625 lived in London (“a wealthy London man”) and belonged to “St. Sepulchre’s without Newgate” parish; in 1630 with wife and children sailed in Governor WINTHROP0’s fleet of eight ships and settled in Watertown, MA.; in 1638 moved to Sudbury, MA.; in 1647 back to Watertown, MA.; in 1648 one of founders of the “Military Company of Massachusetts;” in 1648 to Ipswich or Topsfield, MA.; in 1651 to Portsmouth, N.H.; in 1665 to Winter Harbor (Saco), ME.; in 1668 appointed Major of York County, ME. Regiment; an eminent man of his day; Saco magistrate and Major in King Philip’s War (1675 – 1676); in 1676 back to Portsmouth, N.H. Death April 5, 1681 – Portsmouth, N. H. (or) Wells, York County, ME. (or) Winter Harbor (Saco), Maine. Relationship Great Grandmother *FLORENCE ELLA (FLORA E.) GRANT POTTER7 (1848 – 1928) is a direct descendant via her mother, *ABIGAIL (ABBIE) M. EWELL GRANT6 (1825 – 1903). Genealogy See “CHAPTER V: *ELIJAH POTTER” – Pendleton-Ewell-Grant- Potter pedigree.

Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) purchased an Indian lad named LAWRENCE2, Major SAMUEL APPLETON1 (1625 – 1696) bought three Indian slaves and Governor SYMONDS1 purchased an Indian boy and girl. Exiles wandered into New York or Canada. Descendants intermarried or died out. Never again were native Indians a significant factor in the colonial life of Massachusetts. It was the extinction of a race. No longer was there a barrier of fear on the frontier. In the fall of 1676, there were still a few small bands of half-starved Indians wandering through the woods. Several minor expeditions against the now helpless savages were mounted in the fall of 1676 into the following winter. Hunting redskins became for the time being a popular sport in New England.

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[“The First Indian War (1675 - 1678)”] also known as “King Philip’s War,” was a terrifying experience that lasted seventeen months in Massachusetts and Rhode Island from June 1675 to October 1676, but on the northern frontier, i.e. to the “Eastward,” it would linger on until spring 1678. [At that time references to the “Eastward” meant the southern portions of modern Maine and New Hampshire.] Massachusetts lost more than six hundred fighting men in the struggle. Overall, several thousand Colonists, both civilians and soldiers, in the three colonies had lost their lives. A third of the hundred or so towns in New England were burned or abandoned. At least thirteen frontier towns including Lancaster, Groton, Wrentham, and Middleborough were almost totally destroyed and six others partially burned. Six hundred houses were burned by the rampaging Indians. However, after the war most of these communities were re-settled and rebuilt by their returning families. From the spring of 1675 until the final overthrow of King PHILIP1’s ( ? – 1676) forces, no place could feel that it was safe from attack. The frontier towns of Central Massachusetts suffered most severely, the Narragansetts and Wampanoags sweeping up from their territory and joining the Nipmucks and Nashuas in the attacks. The closest the war came to Ipswich was in May, 1676 when neighboring Rowley suffered raids and burnings. In their homes, however, the people of Ipswich were never much troubled by the Indians. However, the selectmen of Ipswich noted their concerns about the cost of the war and the heavy load of taxes upon their residents. “King Philip’s War (1675 – 1678)” produced the first great veteran problem in American history. Various towns made land grants to their former soldiers in the years following the war. Much land was granted over a period of many years, and a number of new townships were founded. More than half a century after the end of the war, the veterans and their heirs were still pressing the legislatures for wilderness tracts. To recruit troops for the war, the governor of Massachusetts had promised them in 1675 “a gratuity of land, beside their wages” if the Narragansett Indians were beaten. However, the veterans of the war never did pursue or directly receive the promised gratuity of land. It was not until many years later that seven “Narragansett Townships” were created, two in 1728 and five more in 1734, primarily to motivate settlement northward (Maine) and westward (western Massachusetts and New Hampshire) to extend the frontier. The descendants of many veterans, not the veterans themselves of their own choice, would reap the benefits of these land grants. Narragansett Township No. 1, now the town of Buxton, Maine, lying between the Saco and Presumpscot Rivers in Maine, was assigned to the “Ipswich Society” which was made up of the grantee residents of Ipswich, Massachusetts and nearby towns. The six mile square Narragansett Township No. 1 abutted the Saco River and was divided equitably into “Home Lots” for the 120 grantees. Along the east bank of the Saco River, the Narragansett proprietors placed their first lots of twenty acres each. They left a strip four rods wide across the end of each lot at the river’s edge for public use, i.e. a road along the river bank.

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Uncle EDMUND POTTER2 (1654 – 1702) was listed as a soldier grantee for Narragansett Township No. 1, now the town of Buxton, Maine, lying between the Saco and Pesumpscot Rivers. Many years later in 1733 his oldest son, NATHANIEL POTTER3 (ca. 1686 – 1754), was listed as a claimant for his father’s land grant. NATHANIEL POTTER3 received Narragansett Township No. 1 (Buxton, Maine), First Division, Lot No. 2 in a range of lots known by the Letter “G”. Buxton, Maine is about 12 miles due west of Portland, Maine. Cousin SIMON STONE2 (1656 – 1741), son of Cousin Deacon SIMON STONE1 (1631 – 1707) and MARY WHIPPLE STONE1 (1634 – 1720), of Watertown, Massachusetts would be a claimant in 1735 for rights in Narragansett Township which became Templeton, Massachusetts. In addition, for their services in the war, veteran troopers received the following compensation (English pounds, shillings, and pennies) via payment to their families left at home by their towns which in turn received credit against their colonial “rates” or taxes.

Table 41: Compensation to Veterans of “King Philip’s War” (June 1675 to October 1676 ) TROOPER COMPENSATION DATE EDMUND POTTER2 4p 10s 0d February 29, (1654 – 1702) of Ipswich, Massachusetts. 1676 JOHN “the cooper” POTTER2 1p 4s 0d July 24, 1676 (1652 – 1718) of Ipswich, Massachusetts. ROBERT POTTER1, Captain (?) (?) (1629 – 1709) of Lynn, Massachusetts. THOMAS PUTNAM JR2 (1653 – 1699) 4p 10s 0d February 29, of Salem Village (Danvers), Massachusetts. 1676 DAVID STONE2 (1646 - 1737) of Sudbury (?) (?) and Framingham, Massachusetts. JOHN STONE2 (1654 - 1750) of 3p 8s 6d June 24, 1676 Cambridge Farms (now Lincoln and Lexington), Massachusetts. SAMUEL STONE JR2 (1656 - 1743) of 4p 10s 0d June 24, 1676 Cambridge or Watertown, Massachusetts. SIMON STONE2 (1656 – 1741) of 3p 18s 0d January 25, Watertown, Massachusetts. 1676 *ROBERT WARE JR2 (1653 – 1724) (?) (?) of Dedham and Wrentham, Massachusetts. JOHN WHIPPLE JR1, Captain, 5p 0s 0d Sept. 3, 1675 (1625 – 1683) of Ipswich, Massachusetts. 13p 14s 3d Aug. 24, 1676 CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 287

Notes: (1) Old English Currency: p = pound, s = shilling, d = pence; 12 pence = 1 shilling; 20 shillings = 1 pound. (2) Soldiers were usually paid their wages under a system of pay chits or debentures. Upon release from service a man was supposed to obtain from his commanding officer a debenture showing the actual number of days served. The soldier would then present this evidence to the government in order to receive his pay minus deductions for equipment and supplies. However, payment was rarely prompt. Soldiers often went months and sometimes years before receiving all the wages owed them. The wealthy Boston merchant JOHN HULL1 (1624 – 1683) was the war treasurer for the Massachusetts colony during “King Philip’s War.” (3) EDMUND POTTER2 (1654 – 1702), son of 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) and 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1628/29 – 1712) of Ipswich, Massachusetts, was a trooper in Captain JOHN APPLETON1’s (1622 – 1699) cavalry unit and was credited the 4p 10s 0d on February 29, 1676 for his participation in the Narragansett (Mount Hope) Campaign. On February 29, 1676 he was also listed as a trooper in the “Middlesex Troop of Horse” under Captain THOMAS PRENTICE1 (1620 – 1710). (4) JOHN “the cooper” POTTER2 (1652 – 1718), eldest son of 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) and 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1628/29 – 1712) of Ipswich, Massachusetts was credited the 1p 4s 0d on July 24, 1676 (page # 338 of War Treasurer JOHN HULL1’s (1624 – 1683) ledger) for his service at Groton garrison. He may have served under Captain THOMAS WHEELER1 (ca. 1621 – 1676) at Groton garrison. (5) ROBERT POTTER1, (1629 – 1709) was the son of Dr. NICHOLAS POTTER0 (1604 – 1677) and his first wife, EMMA CARTER POTTER1 (ca.1607/08 – ca. 1636), of Lynn, Massachusetts. At forty-six years of age he served as a Captain in King Philip’s War. (6) THOMAS PUTNAM JR2 (1653 – 1699), the future father of ANN PUTNAM JR3 (1679 - 1716), one of the “afflicted girls” who would be at the center of the Salem witchcraft hysteria, was a trooper from Salem Village (Danvers) in Captain GEORGE CORWIN1’s (1610 – 1685) Essex County troop of horse from Salem and Lynn, was credited the 4p 10s 0d on February 29, 1676 for his service in the Narragansett (Mount Hope) Campaign. On February 29, 1676 he was also listed as a trooper in the “Middlesex Troop of Horse” under Captain THOMAS PRENTICE1 (1620 – 1710). (7) DAVID STONE2 (1646 - 1737) of Sudbury and Framingham, Massachusetts was the son of Elder JOHN STONE1 (1618 – 1683) and the grandson of 8X Great Grandfather Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 - 1672) and his first wife, MARGARET GARRAD STONE0 (1597 – 1626) of Cambridge, Massachusetts. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 288

He was the nephew of 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1628/29 – 1712) of Ipswich, Massachusetts. DAVID STONE2 (1646 – 1737) and SAMUEL STONE JR2 (1656 – 1743), son of Uncle Deacon SAMUEL STONE1 (1631 – 1715), were cousins. In 1732 cousin DAVID STONE2 (1646 - 1737) of Framingham, Massachusetts claimed a Narragansett right for his service in the “Middlesex Troop of Horse” under Captain THOMAS PRENTICE1 (1620 – 1710). (8) JOHN STONE2 (1654 - 1750) – “West” of Cambridge Farms (now Lexington and Lincoln), Massachusetts was the son of DAVID STONE2 (1622 – 1704) and DORCAS (?) STONE2 ( ? – 1704) and the grandson of 8X Great Grandfather Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 - 1672) and his first wife, MARGARET GARRAD STONE0 (1597 – 1626) of Cambridge, Massachusetts. He was the nephew of 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1628/29 – 1712) of Ipswich, Massachusetts. JOHN STONE2 (1654 – 1750) [JOHN2 (1654 – 1750)-West, DAVID1 (1622 - 1704), Deacon *GREGORY0 (1592 – 1672)], of Cambridge Farms (now Lincoln and Lexington), who was the cousin of DAVID STONE2 (1646 – 1737) and SAMUEL STONE JR2 (1656 - 1743), and nephew of 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 - 1712), served under Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) during the winter campaign into Nipmuck country in March, 1676.. (9) SAMUEL STONE JR2 (1656 – 1743) of Cambridge or Watertown, Massachusetts was the son of Uncle Deacon SAMUEL STONE1 (1631 – 1715) and Aunt SARAH STEARNES STONE1 (1635 – 1700) and was the grandson of 8X Great Grandfather Deacon *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 - 1672) of Cambridge, Massachusetts and his second wife, 8X Great Grandmother *LYDIA (?) COOPER STONE0 (ca. 1595 - 1674). He was the nephew of 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1628/29 – 1712) of Ipswich, Massachusetts. Cousin SAMUEL STONE JR2 (1656 – 1743) was a trooper in the “Middlesex Troop of Horse” under Captain THOMAS PRENTICE1 (1620 – 1710) and was wounded in the “Great Swamp Fight” on December 19, 1675. (10) SIMON STONE2 (1656 – 1741) [Uncle SIMON0 (1586 – 1665), SIMON1 (1631 – 1707), SIMON2 (1656 – 1741)], was the son of Cousin Deacon SIMON STONE1 (1631 – 1707) and MARY WHIPPLE STONE1 (1634 – 1720), of Watertown, Massachusetts. He was sent to Mendon and Groton, Massachusetts to man the garrison house. He was the grandson of Uncle (Deacon) SIMON STONE0 (1586 – 1665) of Cambridge and Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) of Ipswich. In 1676, at 19 years of age, he would serve in Captain JOSEPH (SILL) SCYLL1’s (1636 – 1696) company of soldiers raised from Charlestown, Watertown, and Cambridge on an expedition against the Indians in

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central and western Massachusetts. During “King Philip’s War” cousin SIMON STONE2 (1656 – 1741) would be shot in nine places by the Indians. He would be a claimant in 1735 for rights in a Narragansett Township. (11) 6X Great Grandfather ROBERT WARE JR2 (1653 – 1724) [WARE– HANCOCK- WIGHT–POTTER] of Dedham and Wrentham, Massachusetts was the son of *ROBERT WARE1 (1611/15/21/25 – 1699), “the Aged,” and *MARGARET HUNTING WARE1 (ca. 1628 – 1670). He was the 3X Great Grandfather of *ABIGAIL HANCOCK WIGHT POTTER6 (1817 – 1851) of Otisfield, Maine. He served in the Dedham contingent of Captain SAMUEL MOSELEY2’s “Second Company” of the Massachusetts Regiment in 1675 and 1676 during the Narragansett Campaign and fought in “The Great Swamp Fight” of December 19, 1675; also credited in the garrison at Wrentham, Massachusetts in 1676. (12) JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) was the son of Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) of Ipswich, Massachusetts. Before the war (1663) he was appointed Cornet of Captain JOHN APPLETON1's (1622 – 1699) Ipswich troop. In June 1675, he was “early in the field” as a Lieutenant in Captain NICHOLAS PAIGE1's mounted troop during the first campaign [Mt. Hope Campaign – June and July, 1675] of “King Philip’s War.” In February, 1676 he would become Captain of a “special troop of horse,” have to defend himself from some controversy about his leadership at an Indian attack at Long Meadow (near Springfield, Massachusetts) on March 26, 1676, and would continue to serve until the end of the war.

By 1676, Thanksgiving had become an annual event. After New England survived “King Philip’s War (1675 – 1678)”, Thanksgivings began to occur regularly in November. The appointed day was Thursday which had been “Lecture Day” in the churches of Boston and Ipswich. The postwar years saw Massachusetts trying to maintain its right of jurisdiction in New Hampshire and Maine, along with its virtual freedom from English control. <<<

1677: New England: “King Philip’s War (1675 – 1678)” continued after the death of King Philip in 1676. The defiant Abenaki Indians along the coast of Maine continued their resistance. Tarratine was not the name of any Abenaki tribe but a term applied to the raiding Abenaki parties which visited the New England coast. Abenaki was a term applied generally to a large group of tribes covering Maine, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. Etchemins or Almouchiquous were the

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Abenaki Indian dwellers along the New England coast. In February and March, 1677, belligerent Indians again made attacks on Andover and Haverhill, Massachusetts. Deerfield and Hatfield, Massachusetts were also raided in 1677, apparently by a remnant of enemy Indians en route to Canada. In the summer of 1677, Captain JOHN WHIPPLE 200 JR1 (1625 – 1683) led his troop to fight the Indians at Salisbury.

Ipswich, Massachusetts: During the latter part of “King Philip’s War (1675 – 1678)” in 1677, Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 -1683) began construction on a handsome two-story half-house at the center of Ipswich near his many business interests. Built during America’s “first period” of architecture (1625 – 1725), the WHIPPLE House was built in 1677 (per 2005 dendrochronology testing) by Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683), a military officer and successful Ipswich entrepreneur with interests in a malt house, fulling mill, and saw mill. Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) built his home near the center of Ipswich at the corner of today’s Saltonstall and Market Streets (photos below).

Figure 35: The Whipple House (1677) at the corner of today’s Saltonstall and Market Streets in Ipswich, Massachusetts before it was moved in 1928.

The WHIPPLE House was constructed as a half-house, or single-cell house quite similar to the timber-framed buildings built in England at that time. Originally a two-

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story, two-room house with the steep-pitched, thatched roof and casement windows of the Elizabethan period, the east half of the house was added sometime after 1677 and the lean-to after 1700. It is believed that Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1’s (1625 -1683) son, Major JOHN WHIPPLE III2 (1657 – 1722), began to double the size of the house by adding a lean-to addition which was completed in 1725 to house slaves. The WHIPPLE House was 2 ½ stories high and featured a façade gable. The house’s interior included a first- floor multi-purpose room, or hall, with a full-sized chamber on the second floor and a garret above. The hall’s fine crease-molded boards, painted in bright colors, attested to Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1’s (1625 – 1683) wealth. Other features included casement windows, tamarack summer beams molded with quarter-round chamfers with flat collars and lamb’s tongue stops, and a walk-in cooking hearth (shown above). The original frame of oak, chestnut, and tamarack is largely intact today. In 1677, Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) had lost one son, and his family was comprised of his second wife, ELIZABETH (COGSWELL) BURR PAINE WHIPPLE1 (1636 – 1695), and five children. It is likely that at least one Indian servant lived with them as well. The inventory of his estate lists “LAWRENCE1, ye Indian,” valued at four pounds. During the next few years, Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) added four rooms to his house, making it a full house. The 1683 inventory of his estate lists an impressive amount of possessions that only a large house could have accommodated. In 1690, Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1’s son, Major JOHN WHIPPLE III2 (1657 – 1722), a Cornet in the Ipswich militia who had inherited the house upon his father’s death on August 10th, 1683, expanded the structure by adding a grand parlor which was one of the most impressive and sumptuous parlors in all of Ipswich, and possibly in all of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. More rooms for chambers were added above, along with the beginnings of a lean-to out back, which Major JOHN WHIPPLE III2 (1657 – 1722) continued to expand. By 1722, upon Major JOHN WHIPPLE III2’s death, the mass and footprint of the present structure was therefore complete: a mansion house of 15 rooms, 6 ample rooms at the front of the house for the family, and 9 smaller rooms in the lean-to for service or slaves. However, the house was further modified during the 18th Century with Georgian improvements. The house, built in 1677, still stands but was relocated to its present location in 1928 and is one of the oldest buildings extant in New England. The house is recognized as CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 292

the finest specimen of the early colonial (17th century) architecture.201 Today, “The Whipple House” (shown below) located at 53 South Main Street near the Lower Green in Ipswich, Massachusetts is owned by the Ipswich Historical Society.

Figure 36: The Whipple House (1677) at 53 South Main Street near the Lower Green in Ipswich, Massachusetts where it was relocated in 1928. (2005 photographs)

>>>[Note: “THE WHIPPLE HOUSE” has recently (2005) been dendrochronology tested and dated to 1677 with the construction attributed to Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683), not his father, Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), as previously thought. Therefore, this early history of the house is corrected here and updated accordingly.]<<<

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Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) lived there from 1677 until his death on August 10th, 1683. Five successive generations would live there and only in 1829 did it pass out of the WHIPPLE family. On May 12, 1898, the Ipswich Historical Society purchased the house and land about it; at that time it stood on its original location on the south corner of Market Street (Country Road) and Saltonstall Street (Highway To The Mill) near the railroad station (depot), but in 1928 it was removed (shown in transit on Market Street on right) to its present location at 53 South Main Street, near the Lower Green.202 It is a Historic Ipswich Home and is open to visitors for a small admission fee. At one time the Ipswich Historical Society displayed in the house a June 4th, 1658 petition with the signatures of JOHN WHIPPLE0, *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) and many other prominent Ipswich residents of that time.203 [Note: The Ipswich Historical Society has now stored the petition for preservation purposes.] <<<

Ipswich, Massachusetts: [1st Marriage of Uncle JOHN “the cooper” POTTER2 (1652 – 1718)] In 1677 in Ipswich, Massachusetts, twenty-five year old Uncle JOHN “the cooper” POTTER2 (1652 – 1718) married his first wife, Aunt SARAH FELLOWS (POTTER)2 (1657 - 1693), the daughter of the immigrant WILLIAM FELLOWS1 (1609 – 1676) and MARY AYERS (AYRES) FELLOWS1 (ca. 1607/11 – 1692). They lived in Ipswich and had two children between 1680 and 1685. Aunt SARAH FELLOWS POTTER2 (1657 - 1693) was born on July 26, 1657 in Ipswich, Massachusetts and died there on February 8, 1693.

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Table 42: The Children of Uncle JOHN “the cooper” POTTER2 (1652 – 1718) and his first wife, Aunt SARAH FELLOWS POTTER2 (1657 - 1693) who married in 1677 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. No. Name Birth Death Spouse 1 JOHN POTTER JR3 May 11 or Oct. 13, LYDIA DEAR(E)3 (1680 – 1724) 22, 1680 1724 (ca. 1684/1690 - 1727), - Cousin; a cooper by Ipswich, Ipswich, Married: Dec. 24, 1709 in trade as was his MA. MA. Ipswich, MA.; father. Children: two (2) between at 44 yrs. 1712 and 1715; of age. Died: March 9, 1727 in Ipswich, MA. 2 SARAH POTTER Dec. 11, May 30, (1) JOHN RUST SR3 (RUST) 1685 1725 (1684 – 1713) (FELLOWS)3 Ipswich, Ipswich, Married: Sept. 26, 1705 (1685 – 1725) MA. MA. in Ipswich, MA.; - Cousin. Children: four (4) between at 39 yrs. 1707 and 1713. of age. (2) JONATHAN FELLOWS3 (1682 – 1753) Married: ca. Dec. 29, 1716 in Ipswich, MA. Children: five (5) between 1717 and 1724. Notes: (1) LYDIA DEAR(E) POTTER3 (ca. 1684/1690 – 1727) was born ca. 1684 or 1690 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. She was the daughter of EDWARD DEAR(E)2 (1635 - ? ) and possibly ELIZABETH GRIFFIN DEAR(E)2 (1640 – 1677) of Ipswich, Massachusetts. However, records show that ELIZABETH GRIFFIN DEAR(E)2 (1640 – 1677) died in 1677 before LYDIA DEAR(E) POTTER3 (ca. 1684/1690 – 1727) was born. LYDIA DEAR(E) POTTER3 (ca. 1684/1690 – 1727) may be the daughter of EDWARD DEAR(E)2’s second wife, identity unknown. LYDIA DEAR(E) POTTER3 (ca. 1684/1690 – 1727) died on March 9, 1727 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. (2) JOHN RUST SR.3 (1684 – 1713) was born on July 9, 1684 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. He was the son of NATHANIEL RUST2 (1639 – 1713), the glover, and MARY (MARIE) WARDWELL RUST2 (1644 – 1720). He died on January 22, 1713 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. His last child was born two months after he died.

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(3) JONATHAN FELLOWS3 (1682 – 1753) was born on September 28, 1682 in Topsfield, Massachusetts. He was the son of ISAAC FELLOWS2 (ca. 1637 – 1721) and JOANNA BOREMAN FELLOWS2 (ca. 1646 – 1732). He died on January 21, 1753 in Kensington, New Hampshire.

WILLIAM FELLOWS1 (1609 – 1676) was born in 1609 in Foxton, Leicestershire, England. He was baptized on October 22, 1609 in Selston, Nottinghamshire, England. Before he emigrated in April, 1635 he swore an “Oath of Supremacy and Allegiance” and obtained a certificate of conformity from the rector of St. Albans, Hertfordshire, England. Listed on the good ship “Planter’s” manifest [Date of Record: April 1, 1635; Roll Entry # 44; listed from St. Albans, Hertfordshire, England to Ipswich, Massachusetts] as WILLIAM FELLOE1, age 24, shoemaker, WILLIAM FELLOWS1 (1609 – 1676) departed London, England on the good ship “Planter” of London, NICHOLAS (TRERICE) TRAVICE1, Master, on April 11 or 15, 1635 and arrived in Boston, Massachusetts on Sunday, June 7, 1635. WILLIAM FELLOWS1 (1609 – 1676) married MARY AYERS (AYRES) (FELLOWS)1 (ca. 1607/1611 – 1692), daughter of JOHN AYRES0 (1582 - ? ) and HANNAH EVERED AYRES0, in England, probably in Leicestershire, before he immigrated, though she is not listed on the good ship “Planter’s” manifest. Some genealogical records state that he probably immigrated with his wife and eldest son, ISAAC FELLOWS2, on the good ship “Planter.” They settled in Ipswich, Massachusetts as early as January 26, 1639, the first record of their presence there. Of the 118 passengers listed with them on the good ship “Planter” in 1635, at least eight other families settled in Ipswich, Massachusetts. Although WILLIAM FELLOWS1 (1609 – 1676) immigrated as a “shoemaker,” in Ipswich, Massachusetts he was known as a “herdsman.” About March 26, 1639 he purchased a “house and house-lot of one acre and a planting lot of six acres with appurtenances” in Ipswich, Massachusetts on the south side of the Ipswich River. His first homestead property ran next to Fellows Road and Fellows Lane in Ipswich, Massachusetts. WILLIAM FELLOWS1 (1609 – 1676) made his Last Will on November 27, 1676 and died on November 29, 1676 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. His Last Will & Testament was probated on March 27, 1677. <<<

1678: Ipswich, Massachusetts: In 1678, King CHARLES II1 ordered a new “oath of allegiance.” The Ipswich Town Record for February 13, 1678 lists forty-nine year old *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690), JOHN POTTER2's (1652/53 – 1718) house, Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683), and Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1's farm as having the "Right of Commonage." Wealthy men who had town property and farms often had two votes in the commoner's meeting.204

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Table 43: Some of the listed residents of Ipswich, Massachusetts in 1678. No. Name No. Name 1 *ANTHONY POTTER1 6 Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) (1625 – 1683) 2 JOHN “the cooper” POTTER2 7 (Major) JOHN WHIPPLE (1652/53 – 1718) III2 (1657 – 1722) 3 EDMUND POTTER2 8 JOSEPH WHIPPLE1 (1654/55 – 1702) (ca. 1640 – ca. 1709) 4 *SAMUEL POTTER2 9 (Major) MATTHEW (1656/57 – 1714) WHIPPLE2 (1658 - 1739) 5 SIMON STACE (STACY) JR1 (1636 – 1699)

Salisbury, Massachusetts: In 1678, THOMAS PUTNAM JR2 (1652 - 1699), first cousin of Uncle JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1659 - 1739), married ANN CARR (PUTNAM)2 (1661 - 1699), daughter of GEORGE CARR1 (1599 – 1682), a wealthy shipbuilder, and ELIZABETH (OLIVER or DEXTER) CARR1 (1624 – 1691), in Salisbury, Massachusetts. ANN CARR PUTNAM2’s sister was MARY CARR BAYLEY2 ( ? – 1688), the wife of the first Salem Village minister, the Reverend JAMES BAYLEY2 (1650 – 1707). Her sister’s connection to Salem Village may have drawn her to the village where she met her husband. They lived in Salem Village and had four sons and six daughters. THOMAS PUTNAM JR2 (1652 - 1699) was the eldest son of Lieutenant THOMAS PUTNAM1 (1615 - 1686) of Salem Village, Massachusetts. Generally known as Sergeant THOMAS PUTNAM JR2 (1652 - 1699) because of his post in the local militia, he had fought in The First Indian War (“King Philip’s War”) in both Captain GEORGE CORWIN1’s (1610 – 1685) Essex County Troop of Horse and Captain THOMAS PRENTICE1’s (1620 – 1710) Middlesex Troop of Horse. It is believed that Uncle EDMUND POTTER2 (1654 – 1702) of Ipswich, Massachusetts served with him in Captain THOMAS PRENTICE1’s (1620 – 1710) Middlesex Troop of Horse in 1676. THOMAS PUTNAM JR2 (1652 – 1699) was the oldest male of the third generation of PUTNAMs in Salem Village. A yeoman, he was a prominent village inhabitant and had served for many years as a court recorder and the Salem Village parish clerk. During the “Salem Witchcraft Hysteria of 1692” he would be a stout supporter of the controversial Reverend SAMUEL PARRIS2 (1653 - 1720), press the first charges against accused witches, and initiate nearly half the rest. The eldest child of THOMAS PUTNAM JR2 (1652 - 1699) and ANN CARR (PUTNAM)2 (1661 - 1699), also known as ANN PUTNAM SR2, was ANN PUTNAM JR3 (1679 - 1716), the most notorious of the “afflicted circle girls” during the Salem CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 297

Witchcraft Hysteria of 1692. She was born on October 18, 1679 in Salem Village, Massachusetts. <<<

[End of the First Indian War – “King Philip’s War” (1675 – 1678)]: “King Philip’s War (1675 – 1678)” ended in 1678. It had obliterated a third of New England’s one hundred towns, pulverized its economy, and claimed ten percent (10%) of the adult male population. Every Massachusetts Bay Colony resident – and especially every resident of Essex County, to which Ipswich belonged – lost a friend or relative. The war had produced an unwieldy number of widows and orphans. <<<

XVIII: GROWTH OF IPSWICH, TOPSFIELD AND SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS – CHURCH, LAND, AND GOVERNMENT DISPUTES (1679 – 1690):

1679: Salem Village (Danvers), Massachusetts: By 1679, the young Reverend JAMES BAYLEY2 (1650 - 1707) could no longer tolerate the divisiveness of his congregation and the withholding of much of his income by those who no longer supported him. He finally decided to resign over issues with the Salem Village congregation primarily for failing to pay him their full rate. By the winter of 1678 and 1679, the previously generous NATHANIEL PUTNAM1 (1619 – 1700) had pulled his support for the young Reverend JAMES BAYLEY2 (1650 – 1707), declaring him unqualified. For all the earlier charges of incompetence, NATHANIEL PUTNAM1 (1619 – 1700) and others did finally, after his retirement from the ministry at Salem Village in 1679, convey to the Reverend JAMES BAYLEY2 (1650 – 1707) the lands about his house as a testimony of their good affection. Also, his older brother, THOMAS PUTNAM SR1 (1615 - 1686), who remained a loyal supporter of the minister, gave to Reverend JAMES BAYLEY2 (1650 – 1707) upon his retirement, three acres of meadow. The conscientious Reverend JAMES BAYLEY2 (1650 – 1707) served Salem Village only seven years from 1672 until 1679. For some years there had been some uncomfortable divisions within the Salem Village church community over their support for the Reverend JAMES BAYLEY2 (1650 – 1707) even within the PUTNAM family. Whereas NATHANIEL PUTNAM1 (1619 – 1700) opposed him, his brothers, Lieutenant THOMAS PUTNAM SR1 (1615 - 1686) and Captain JOHN PUTNAM SR1 (1627 - 1710), and his nephew, THOMAS PUTNAM JR2 (1652 - 1699), who had married ANN CARR PUTNAM (ANN PUTNAM SR)2 (1661 - 1699), the sister-in-law of the Reverend JAMES BAYLEY2 (1650 – 1707), clearly supported the minister. In 1679 the THOMAS PUTNAM JR2 (1652 – 1699) family and the Captain THOMAS BRADBURY1 (1610 – 1695) family clashed. The conflict actually began with a broken love affair between the families. It began with MARY ELLEN PERKINS (BRADBURY)1 (1615 – 1700), who was accused of witchcraft but escaped with her life during the “Salem Witchcraft Hysteria of 1692,” and the wealthy GEORGE CARR1 CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 298

(1599 – 1682) family. When MARY ELLEN PERKINS (BRADBURY)1 (1615 – 1700) spurned an offer of marriage from the wealthy and influential GEORGE CARR1 (1599 – 1682) and instead married Captain THOMAS BRADBURY1 (1610 – 1695), it sparked much animosity in the CARR family and especially with ANN CARR PUTNAM SR2 (1661 – 1699), the most venomous of the CARR family, and soon to be major contributor to the “Salem Witchcraft Hysteria of 1692.” ANN PUTNAM JR3 (1679 - 1716), the daughter of ANN CARR PUTNAM SR2 (1661 – 1699), would be one of MARY ELLEN PERKINS BRADBURY1’s (1615 – 1700) accusers of witchcraft in 1692. It was well known that the CARR and BRADBURY families had fought for years over land which was probably a motive in the accusal and arrest of MARY ELLEN PERKINS BRADBURY1 (1615 – 1700) in 1692. <<<

Ipswich, Massachusetts: On February 24, 1679, MARTHA REYNOR WHIPPLE1 (1635 - 1679), Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1’s (1625 – 1683) first wife, died in Ipswich, Massachusetts. They had been married about twenty-six years. The Ipswich Town Record for February 13, 1678/79, lists 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690), Uncle JOHN “the cooper” POTTER2’s (1652/53 – 1718) house, SYMON STACE1 (SIMON STACY JR1 (1636 – 1699), THOMAS STACE (STACY)1 (1622 – 1690), Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683), Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1’s (1625 – 1683) farm, and Corporal JOHN WHIPPLE2 (1657 – 1722) as “Commoners” of Ipswich, Massachusetts. The Ipswich Town Record for December 2, 1679 lists fifty-one year old 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690), SYMON STACE1 (SIMON STACY JR1 (1636 – 1699), Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683), and his son, Corporal JOHN WHIPPLE2 (1657 – 1722), as “Freemen” that by law are allowed to vote in Town affairs.205 <<<

1680:

The JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) Family of Ipswich, MA. 1680 Name Age

Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 deceased (died 1669) 1. SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0 deceased (before 1634) (1st wife – married 1621)

A. SUSANNAH WHIPPLE WORTH1 58 yrs. 1. LIONEL WORTH1 Deceased a. SUSANNA WORTH PILLSBURY2 31 yrs. b. MARY WORTH2 24 yrs. c. JUDITH WORTH BUCKNAM2 29 yrs. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 299

d. SARAH WORTH GILL2 27 yrs. e. TWINS2 Deceased f. JOHN WORTH2 16 yrs. B. JOHN WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1624) C. JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (Captain) 55 yrs. 1. MARTHA REYNOR WHIPPLE1 (mar. ca. 1653) deceased (died in1679) a. JOHN WHIPPLE III2 (Major) 23 yrs. b. MATTHEW WHIPPLE2 (Major) 22 yrs. c. JOSEPH WHIPPLE2 (1664 – 1665) deceased (died 1665) d. JOSEPH WHIPPLE2 14 yrs. e. SUSAN(NA) WHIPPLE (LANE)2 12 yrs. f. SARAH WHIPPLE (WAINWRIGHT)2 9 yrs. g. ANNA WHIPPLE2 deceased (died before 1675)

h. ANNA WHIPPLE2 5 yrs. 2. ELIZABETH BURR PAINE WHIPPLE1 44 yrs. (newlywed) (married 1680)

D. ELIZABETH WHIPPLE POTTER1 deceased (died 1648) 1. *ANTHONY POTTER1 (married 1648) 52 yrs. E. MATTHEW WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1634) F. WILLIAM WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1641) G. ANNE WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1634) nd 2. SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 (2 wife) deceased (died 1662) A. MARY WHIPPLE STONE1 46 yrs. 1. SIMON STONE1 (Deacon) (married 1656) 49 yrs. a. SIMON STONE JR2 24 yrs. b. JOHN STONE2 22 yrs. c. MATTHEW STONE2 20 yrs. d. NATHANIEL STONE2 deceased e. EBENEZER STONE2 17 yrs. f. MARY STONE (STARR)2 15 yrs. g. NATHANIEL STONE2 13 yrs. h. ELIZABETH STONE (STEARNS)2 10 yrs. i. DAVID STONE2 8 yrs. j. SUSANNA STONE (GODDARD)2 5 yrs. k. JONATHAN STONE2 3 yrs. B. JUDITH WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1637) C. MATTHEW WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1638) D. SARAH WHIPPLE GOODHUE1 39 yrs. 1. JOSEPH GOODHUE1 (Deacon) (married 1661) 41 yrs. a. JOSEPH GOODHUE JR2 deceased (?) b. MARY GOODHUE (NORTON)2 16 yrs. c. SARAH GOODHUE2 15 yrs.

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d. WILLIAM GOODHUE2 14 yrs. e. MARGERY GOODHUE2 13 yrs. f. SUSANNA GOODHUE (KIMBALL)2 12 yrs. g. ELIZABETH GOODHUE (ESTY)2 (?) yrs. h. JOHN GOODHUE2 1 yr. 3. JENNETT (JANET) BROOKS DICKINSON 60 yrs. rd WHIPPLE0 - 3 wife – married after April, 1662) Note: Since we do not know: (1) SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0’s (ca. 1594 – before 1634) date of death which was sometime before 1634 in England; or (2) the marriage date of SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – 1662) which was sometime before 1634 in England; we cannot know for certain which of JOHN WHIPPLE0’s children were offspring from each of his first two wives.

The *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) Family of Ipswich, Massachusetts. 1680 Name Age

*ANTHONY POTTER1 52 yrs. 1. ELIZABETH WHIPPLE POTTER1 deceased (died 1648) (1st wife – married 1648)

2.*ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 51 yrs. (2nd wife – married 1652)

A. JOHN POTTER2 (“the cooper”) 28 yrs. 1. SARAH FELLOWS POTTER2 23 yrs. (1st wife – married 1677)

a. JOHN POTTER JR3 Infant B. EDMUND POTTER2 26 yrs. st 1. ABIGAIL WELLS POTTER2 (1 wife) 18 yrs. C. *SAMUEL POTTER2 23 yrs. D. ELIZABETH POTTER (KIMBALL)2 - twin 19 yrs. E. LYDIA POTTER (PUTNAM)2 - twin 19 yrs. F. THOMAS POTTER2 16 yrs. G. ANTHONY POTTER JR2 (Deacon) 13 yrs.

The *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) Family of Cambridge, MA. 1680 Name Age

*Deacon GREGORY STONE0 deceased (died 1672) st 1. MARGARET GARRAD STONE0 (1 wife) deceased (died 1626) A. JOHN STONE1 (Elder) (married 1638) 62 yrs.

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1. ANNE ROGERS TREADWAY STONE1 65 yrs. a. HANNAH STONE2 40 yrs. b. JOHN STONE JR2 38 yrs. (est.) c. DANIEL STONE2 (Deacon) 36 yrs. d. DAVID STONE2 34 yrs. e. MARY STONE2 31 yrs. (est.) f. ELIZABETH STONE2 30 yrs. (est.) g. MARGARET STONE2 27 yrs. h. TABITHA STONE2 25 yrs. i. SARAH STONE2 23 yrs. j. NATHANIEL STONE2 20 yrs. B. DANIEL STONE1 (Surgeon) (married ca. 1643) 60 yrs. 1. MARY HOWES STONE1 deceased (died 1658) a. MARY STONE2 36 yrs. b. SARAH STONE2 35 yrs. c. DANIEL STONE JR2 33 yrs. d. ELIZABETH STONE2 31 yrs. e. ABIGAIL STONE2 27 yrs. f. MEHITABLE STONE2 22 yrs. C. DAVID STONE1 (married ca. 1648) 58 yrs. 1. DORCAS (?) STONE1 (?) yrs. a. DAVID STONE JR2 30 yrs. b. DANIEL STONE2 29 yrs. c. DORCAS STONE2 28 yrs. d. JOHN STONE2 26 yrs. e. SAMUEL STONE2 24 yrs. f. NATHANIEL STONE2 (?) yrs. D. ELIZABETH STONE1 (ca. 1624 – 1626) deceased (died 1626) nd 2. *LYDIA (?) COOPER STONE0 (2 wife) deceased (died 1674) A. JOHN COOPER JR1 (Stepson) 62 yrs. 1. Wife ? (?) yrs.

B. LYDIA COOPER FISKE1 (Stepdaughter) 60 yrs. (est.) 1. DAVID FISKE1 (Lieutenant) (?) yrs. a. Children ? (?) yrs.

C. *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 51 yrs 1. *ANTHONY POTTER1 (mar. 1652) 52 yrs. a. Children (see above). (see above) st D. SAMUEL STONE1 (Deacon) (1 married 1655) 49 yrs. st 1. SARAH STEARNES STONE1 (1 wife) 45 yrs. a. SAMUEL STONE JR2 (Deacon) 24 yrs. b. ISAAC STONE2 21 yrs. c. SARAH STONE2 19 yrs. d. JOHN STONE2 17 yrs.

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e. LYDIA STONE2 15 yrs. f. MARY STONE2 (1668 – 1669) deceased (died 1669) g. JOSEPH STONE2 10 yrs. h. ANNA STONE2 7 yrs. E. SARAH STONE MERRIAM1 48 yrs. 1. DAVID MERRIAM1 (married 1653) deceased (died 1677) (?) a. Eight children MERRIAM2 ? (?) yrs. b. RUTH MERRIAM2 10 yrs. (est.)

Salem Village (Danvers), Massachusetts: In 1680, the controversial Reverend GEORGE BURROUGHS2 (ca. 1652 - 1692), who had fled Falmouth, Maine in 1676 during the First Indian War (“King Philip’s War”), unfortunately for him, succeeded the Reverend JAMES BAYLEY2 (1650 – 1707) as the Salem Village minister. Also having issues with the Salem Village congregation failing to pay their full rate, he would stay less than three years and return to his Falmouth congregation in early 1683. He must have left a lasting, distasteful, and stained memory on the Salem Villagers, for almost ten years later, on April 30, 1692, during the height of the “Salem Witchcraft Hysteria,” he was cried out upon and brought back to Salem Village. He was regarded by most of the afflicted persons and their supporters, including many of the adult PUTNAMs, as the ring-leader of the witch conspiracy. Indicted on August 3, 1692, he was quickly tried and executed on August 19, 1692 in Salem. <<< After “King Philip’s War (1675 – 1678), expansion of English settlements to the “Eastwards” or north to Maine (at that time still part of Massachusetts) was encouraged by the government of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and the thought of acquiring free and attractive land enticed many Massachusetts Bay settlers including Uncle JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1659 – 1739) of Salem Village, future husband (1683) of Aunt LYDIA POTTER PUTNAM2 (1661 – 1745), to take advantage of this lucrative opportunity. On May 19, 1680 Uncle JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1659 – 1739), GEORGE INGERSOLL SR1 (1618 – 1694), and his son, JOHN INGERSOLL2 (1645 – 1714) joined a number of other Essex County residents to be the first proprietors of Westcustogo (North Yarmouth), Maine where they each received ten acre lots. However, they would never settle there. In 1688, a new outbreak of Indian hostilities resulted in the complete destruction of the town which remained uninhabited for twenty years. The frontier was still a very unsafe place to live. <<<

Wenham, Massachusetts: In January, 1680, per Wenham Town Records, the single Uncle EDMUND POTTER2 (1654 – 1702) was granted a seat in the west gallery of the Wenham meeting house with other Ipswich neighbors: “In answer to the request of our neighbors of Ipswich to have liberty to make them seats in our (Wenham) meeting house, we grant them the west gallery namely to JOHN DEANE2, ABRAHAM

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TILTON2, Mr. QUARLES2, NATHANIEL BROWNE2, (Major) JOHN WHIPPLE III2 (1657 - 1722), and EDMUND (EDMOND) POTTER2 (1654 – 1702) and such others of their Ipswich neighbors as they shall accept of …… and their wives…” – Wenham Town Records, January, 1680. <<<

Ipswich, Massachusetts: In Ipswich, Massachusetts about 1680, four years after serving in King Philip's War, twenty-six (26) year old Uncle EDMUND POTTER2 (1654 – 1702) married his first wife, eighteen (18) year old Aunt ABIGAIL WELLS (POTTER)2 (1662 – ca. 1700), daughter of NATHANIEL WELLS SR1 (ca. 1636 – 1681) and LYDIA THURLEY WELLS (EMERSON)1 (1640 – 1716) who had married on May 9, 1661 in Ipswich, Massachusetts.206 They lived in Ipswich, Massachusetts and had four children between 1681 and 1694. Aunt ABIGAIL WELLS POTTER2 (1662 – ca. 1700) was the Granddaughter of Deacon THOMAS WELLS JR0 (1605 - 1666) the husbandman and yeoman who immigrated from Boxted, Essex, England in 1635.

Table 44: The Children of Uncle EDMUND POTTER2 (1654 – 1702) and his first wife, Aunt ABIGAIL WELLS POTTER2 (1662 – ca. 1700) of Ipswich, Massachusetts. No. Name 1 Cousin ELIZABETH POTTER3 (1681 - before Nov. 17, 1694), born April 14, 1681 in Ipswich, Massachusetts; named after her Grandmother, *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 – 1712); died in childhood before November 17, 1694 in Ipswich, Massachusetts; never married. 2 Cousin EDMUND POTTER JR3 (1683 – 1735), born June 14, 1683 in Ipswich, Massachusetts; yeoman; on April 13, 1702 when he was nineteen years old, his Grandfather, NATHANIEL WELLS1, was appointed as his Guardian; listed as a Commoner of Ipswich, Massachusetts in 1707 and 1712; married MERCY QUARLES (POTTER)3 on January 14, 1703; died March 29, 1735 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. 3 Cousin NATHANIEL POTTER3 (ca. 1686 – 1754), born ca. 1686 in Ipswich, Massachusetts; he was named after his Grandfather, NATHANIEL WELLS1; listed as a Commoner of Ipswich, Massachusetts in 1707 and 1712; he married three times; he married first in 1710 to HANNAH PATCH (POTTER)3; his second and third wives are unknown; he died in 1754 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. 4 Cousin ELIZABETH POTTER (DANE)3 (1694 – 1716), born November 17, 1694 in Ipswich, Massachusetts; named for her deceased young sister of the same name and also for her Grandmother, *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 – 1712); married NATHANIEL DANE3 (1691 – 1760) on December 6, 1712; died young in 1716 at about 22 years of age in Ipswich, Massachusetts. Her husband’s pedigree was:

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 JOHN DANE0 ( ? - 1658)  JOHN DANE1 (1612 – 1684), author of “The Narrative.”  JOHN DANE2 ( ? - 1708)  NATHANIEL DANE3 (1691 – 1760) Note: On November 20, 1701 in Ipswich, Massachusetts and on December 17, 1701 in Rowley, Massachusetts, marriage intentions were published for the marriage of Uncle EDMUND POTTER2 (1654 – 1702) to his second wife, the widow JOHANA (HANNAH) TUTTLE BISHOP PICKARD (POTTER) (WHIPPLE)2 (1664 - 1764), daughter of SIMEON TUTTLE1 (1637 – 1691) and SARAH COGSWELL TUTTLE1 (1630 – 1732) of Ipswich, Massachusetts. The published Ipswich intention of marriage recorded her as “HANNAH TUTTLE alias PICKARD of Rowley.” They had no known children.

Ipswich, Massachusetts: Most records show that NATHANIEL WELLS SR1 (1636 – 1681) was born in April, 1636 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. [Note: This is questionable since, if ABIGAIL WARNER WELLS0 (1614 – 1671) was in fact his mother, she was still in England at that time. Some genealogists say he was born as late as 1639 in Ipswich, Massachusetts.] Nevertheless, most genealogists have reported that he was the first of nine (9) children of Deacon THOMAS WELLS JR0 (1605 – 1666) (who immigrated in 1635) and ABIGAIL WARNER WELLS0 (1614 – 1671) (who immigrated in 1637) to Ipswich, Massachusetts. [Note: Some genealogists believe that Deacon THOMAS WELLS JR0 (1605 – 1666) married twice: (1) First, he married ANN (?) WELLS0 (ca. 1615 - ? ) who immigrated with him in 1635 and may have been NATHANIEL WELLS SR1’s (1636 – 1681) mother if he was, in fact, born in April, 1635 in Ipswich, Massachusetts; ANN (?) WELLS0 (ca. 1615 - ? ) may have been sick when she immigrated in 1635 and may have died soon after her arrival in New England; and (2) secondly, he married ABIGAIL WARNER WELLS0 (1614 – 1671) soon after her arrival in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1637. There is much dispute over the authenticity of the July 23, 1630 marriage date of Deacon THOMAS WELLS JR0 (1605 – 1666) and ABIGAIL WARNER WELLS0 (1614 – 1671) in St. Botolph’s Church in Colchester, Essex, England.]

Table 45: The Aunt ABIGAIL WELLS POTTER2 (1662 – ca. 1700) Pedigree. Name Spouse Deacon THOMAS WELLS JR0 ABIGAIL WARNER WELLS0 (1605 – 1666) (1614 – 1671) Born: 1605 – Great Horkesley, Essex, Born: 1614 – Boxted, Essex, England. England. Baptized: June 2, 1614 – Boxted, Essex,

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Baptized: December 11, 1605 – England. Colchester, Essex, England. Married: July 23, 1630 – Colchester, Married: July 23, 1630 – Colchester, Essex, England - disputed. Essex, England - disputed. Died: July 22, 1671 – Ipswich, Died: October 26, 1666 – Ipswich, MA. Massachusetts. NATHANIEL WELLS SR1 LYDIA THURLEY WELLS (1636 - 1681) (EMERSON)1 (1640 – 1716) Born: April, 1636 (?) – Ipswich, MA. Born: April 1, 1640 – Rowley, MA. Married: October 29, 1661 – Ipswich, Married: October 29, 1661 – Ipswich, Massachusetts. Massachusetts. Died: December 15, 1681 – Ipswich, Died: August 13, 1716 – Ipswich, Massachusetts. Massachusetts. Aunt ABIGAIL WELLS POTTER2 Uncle EDMUND POTTER2 (1662 – ca. 1700) (1654 – 1702) Born: August 17, 1662 – Ipswich, MA. Born: 1654 – Ipswich, Massachusetts. Married: ca. 1680 – Ipswich, MA. Married: ca. 1680 – Ipswich, MA. Died: ca. 1700 – Ipswich, MA. Died: Before April 13, 1702 – Ipswich, Massachusetts. Notes: (1) LYDIA THURLEY WELLS (EMERSON)1 (1640 – 1716) was the daughter of RICHARD THURLEY0 and JANE (?) THURLEY0 of Rowley, Massachusetts. She was the Granddaughter of FRANCIS THURLEY-1 of Newburyport, Massachusetts. RICHARD THURLEY0 was a “Planter” of Rowley, Massachusetts. (2) LYDIA THURLEY WELLS EMERSON1 (1640 – 1716) married second NATHANIEL EMERSON1 (1630 – 1712), husbandman, between 1692 and 1694 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. They lived at Turkey Shore in Ipswich, Massachusetts.

Also an East Anglian family, the WELLS family hailed from Essex, England. Deacon THOMAS WELLS JR0 (1605 – 1666) was born in Great Horkesley, Essex, England which is 3 miles north of Colchester. He was baptized on December 11, 1605 in Colchester, Essex, England. On July 23, 1630 at St. Botolph’s Church in Colchester, Essex, England (a disputed record) he married ABIGAIL WARNER (WELLS)0 (1614 – 1671), daughter of WILLIAM WARNER-1 (1585 - 1648), a Boxted, Essex weaver. It is believed that after their marriage they lived in Boxted, Essex, England. Leaving his wife behind in England, thirty year old THOMAS (WELLES) 207 WELLS0 (1605 – 1666) sailed on the "Susan and Ellen" from London in May 1635. It appears that his wife, ABIGAIL WARNER WELLS0 (1614 – 1671), remained behind in Boxted, Essex, England to nurse her sick mother who most likely died in England prior to the WARNER family leaving for New England in 1637.

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St. Botolph’s Church, Colchester, Essex, England.

Deacon THOMAS (WELLES) WELLS0 (1605 – 1666) was listed as one of the early settlers of Ipswich, Massachusetts dating from 1636 and became a “freeman” of Ipswich in 1637.208 For some reason before leaving England, he had purchased “phissic books,” some say to treat his sick first wife who possibly was ANN (?) WELLS0 (ca. 1615 - ? ), although ten years younger than him, who had sailed with him on the good ship “Susan and Ellin” in 1635 and may have died soon after they settled in Ipswich, Massachusetts. Some say he may have been a “physician.” Neither may be true. Deacon THOMAS (WELLES) WELLS0 (1605 – 1666) received Ipswich House Lot #35 and built a house on a portion of what is now the HEARD Estate on the south side of the Ipswich River near the stone bridge. His was the second house lot from the bridge on the corner of Elm and County streets near the old foot-bridge. His Ipswich neighbors were JOHN PROCTOR0 (1594 – 1672), father of JOHN PROCTOR JR1 (1632 – 1692) who was hanged as a convicted witch in Salem on August 19, 1692, and SAMUEL YOUNGLOVE0 (1605/06 – 1687), the first butcher in Ipswich. He was also granted five acres of meadowland at Ipswich, Massachusetts in the name of his father-in- law, WILLIAM WARNER-1 (1585 – 1648). When he died on October 26, 1666, Deacon THOMAS (WELLES) WELLS0 (1605 – 1666) deeded 340 acres of land and two house lots in Ipswich to his descendants. <<< On May 11 or 22, 1680, Cousin JOHN POTTER JR3 (1680 – 1724), first child of Uncle JOHN “the cooper” POTTER2 (1652 – 1718) and Aunt SARAH 209 FELLOWS POTTER2 ( ? – ca. 1688/89), was born in Ipswich, Massachusetts. He was the first grandchild of 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) and 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 – 1712). On June 28, 1680, fifty-five year old Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) married the widow ELIZABETH (COGSWELL) BURR PAINE (WHIPPLE)1 (1636 – 1695), the widow of JOHN PAINE1 who had died at sea in 1677. She was his second wife who would not bear him any children. <<<

[Salem Quarterly Court – September, 1680] “Bond, dated September 16, 1680, given by JOHN APPLETON1 for appearance to prosecute against *ANTHONY POTTER1, before Major General DENISON1 on September 23, 1680. SAMUEL APPLETON2, in behalf of his father Captain JOHN APPLETON1, was also bound.”<<<

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1681: Ipswich, Massachusetts: Circa 1681, twenty-two (22) year old Aunt ELIZABETH POTTER (KIMBALL)2 (ca. 1659 - 1723), the older daughter of 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) and 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH 210 STONE POTTER1 (1629 – 1712), married twenty-four (24) year old Uncle THOMAS KIMBALL2 (1657 - 1732), a Wenham surveyor and the son of RICHARD KIMBALL JR1 (1623 – 1676) and MARY SMITH KIMBALL1, in Ipswich, 211 Massachusetts. Uncle THOMAS KIMBALL2 (1657 - 1732) was the grandson of RICHARD KIMBALL0 and URSULA SCOTT KIMBALL0 of Watertown and Ipswich, Massachusetts. Uncle THOMAS KIMBALL2 (1657 - 1732) and Aunt ELIZABETH POTTER KIMBALL2 (ca. 1659 - 1723) lived in Wenham, Massachusetts and had seven children between 1683 and 1703:

Table 46: The Children of Uncle THOMAS KIMBALL2 (1657 - 1732) and Aunt ELIZABETH POTTER KIMBALL2 (ca. 1659 - 1723) of Wenham, Massachusetts. No. Name 1 Cousin THOMAS KIMBALL JR3 (ca. 1683 - ? ), born ca. 1683; lived in Marblehead, Massachusetts. 2 Cousin DANIEL KIMBALL3 (ca. 1684 - ? ), born ca. 1684; lived in Andover, Massachusetts. 3 Cousin RICHARD KIMBALL3 (1686 – 1717), born September 18, 1686; died in 1717 about age 31 years. 4 Cousin ELIZABETH KIMBALL3 (ca. 1691 – 1699), born ca. 1691 in Wenham, Massachusetts; died November 15, 1699 in Wenham, Massachusetts at about 8 years of age. 5 Cousin LYDIA KIMBALL (BEST)3 (1695 – after 1719); born April 15, 1695; married DAVID BEST3 on January 22, 1719; died unknown. 6 Cousin EDMUND KIMBALL3 (1699 – 1768), born April 18, 1699; lived in Marblehead, Massachusetts; died April 24, 1768 at 69 years of age. 7 Cousin PAUL KIMBALL3 (1703 – 1755), born May 21, 1703; lived in Salem, Massachusetts; died in 1755 at about 52 years of age.

Uncle THOMAS KIMBALL2 (1657 – 1732) was a surveyor and was chosen by the Selectmen of Wenham to be on the committee representing Wenham to periodically (1694, 1705, and 1712) determine or review the bounds between the town of Topsfield and other towns surrounding Wenham, Massachusetts. The KIMBALLs, from Rattlesden, Suffolk, England, were another East Anglian family who got rich in the Ipswich, Massachusetts land market. RICHARD KIMBALL0 (ca. 1595 – 1675), a farmer and wheelwright, had received forty (40) acres and a house lot by grant but had increased his holdings to one hundred and seven (107)

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acres by 1675. His son, RICHARD KIMBALL JR1 (1623 – 1676), was granted only six (6) acres in 1647 but managed to sell thirty (30) acres only five years later.212 <<<

[DANIEL WEBSTER5 (1782 – 1852), the Statesman, Descendant of RICHARD KIMBALL0] DANIEL WEBSTER5 (1782 – 1852) was a direct descendant of RICHARD KIMBALL0 (ca. 1595 – 1675), the immigrant, and his first wife URSULA SCOTT KIMBALL0. Their daughter and first child, ABIGAIL KIMBALL (SEVERANCE)1 (JOHN KIMBALL1's sister) married JOHN SEVERANCE1. They were the parents of twelve children. Their youngest child, ELIZABETH SEVERANCE (EASTMAN)2 married SAMUEL EASTMAN2 of Salisbury, Massachusetts in 1686. Their son THOMAS EASTMAN3 married ABIGAIL FRENCH (EASTMAN)3. Their daughter ABIGAIL EASTMAN (WEBSTER)4 (born July, 1737) married EBENEZER WEBSTER4. Their son was the famous statesman, DANIEL Figure 36: WEBSTER5 (1782 – 1852) who was born on January 18, 1782 in DANIELWEBSTER5 (1782 – 1852) Salisbury, now part of Franklin, New Hampshire. He would die in Marshfield, Massachusetts on October 24, 1852. 213

Table 47: Pedigree of the Leading American Statesman, DANIEL WEBSTER5 (1782 – 1852). Name Spouse RICHARD KIMBALL0 URSULA SCOTT KIMBALL0 (ca. 1595 – 1675) ABIGAIL KIMBALL JOHN SEVERANCE1 (SEVERANCE)1 ELIZABETH SEVERANCE SAMUEL EASTMAN2 (EASTMAN)2 - married 1686. THOMAS EASTMAN3 ABIGAIL FRENCH EASTMAN3 ABIGAIL EASTMAN (WEBSTER)4 EBENEZER WEBSTER4 (1737 - ? ) DANIEL WEBSTER5 (1) GRACE FLETCHER WEBSTER5 (1782 – 1852) ( ? – 1828) - married 1808. (2) CAROLINE LEROY WEBSTER5

On April 14, 1681, Cousin ELIZABETH POTTER3 (1681 – died young), first child and first daughter of Uncle EDMUND POTTER2 (1654 – 1702) and Aunt ABIGAIL WELLS POTTER2 (1662 – ca. 1700), was born in Ipswich, Massachusetts. She would die in childhood.214 She was the first granddaughter of 7X Great Grandfather

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*ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) and 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 – 1712). She was obviously named after her grandmother.<<< On June 16, 1681, (Major) JOHN WHIPPLE III2 (1657 – 1722), eldest son of Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) and MARTHA REYNOR WHIPPLE1 ( ? – 1679), married KATHERINE LAYTON (WHIPPLE)2 (ca. 1658 – 1721). They lived in Ipswich, Massachusetts and had eight children, all daughters. <<< On July 23, 1681, three days after delivering two hopeful children, SARAH WHIPPLE GOODHUE1 (1641 – 1681), youngest daughter of the late Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) and wife of Deacon JOSEPH GOODHUE1, suddenly died as she presaged she would. She left ten children in all surviving.215 <<<

Salem Village, Massachusetts: In 1681, future Uncle JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1659 – 1739), the son of Captain JOHN PUTNAM SR1 (1627 – 1710) and REBECCA PRINCE PUTNAM1 (1627 - 1704), was one of the Salem Village petitioners requesting that they be freed from paying rates for maintenance of the minister at Salem Town since they now had their own church and minister in Salem Village that they were required to support. This issue would persist for years causing much animosity between the respective parishioners of Salem Town and Salem Village. The Reverend GEORGE BURROUGHS2 (1652 – 1692) served as the Salem Village minister from 1679 until 1683. For the first nine months of his stay in his new parish, while a parsonage was being constructed, the Reverend GEORGE BURROUGHS2 (1652 – 1692), his wife, and their two children lived in the house of Captain JOHN PUTNAM SR1 (1627 - 1710) and his wife, REBECCA PRINCE PUTNAM1 (1627 - 1704), for much of 1681. During their stay with the JOHN PUTNAM SR1 family, the Reverend GEORGE BURROUGHS2 (1652 – 1692) and his first wife had quarreled so violently that they appealed to their hosts to arbitrate. Ultimately, the PUTNAMs sided with his first wife, for during the Salem Witchcraft Trials in 1692, the PUTNAMs testified that “all the time that said GEORGE BURROUGHS2 did live at our house, he was a very sharp man to his wife, notwithstanding our observation she was a very good and dutiful wife to him.” The Reverend GEORGE BURROUGHS2’s (1652 – 1692) mistreatment of his wives was to become a recurring theme and one reason for his demise during the “Salem Witchcraft Hysteria of 1692.” <<<

1682: Salem, Massachusetts: On March 20, 1681/82, the second cousins, (Major) JOHN LANE2 (1660 – 1715) and SUSANNA WHIPPLE (LANE)2 (1662 – 1713), daughter of Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683), were married before BARTHOLOMEW GIDNEY2, Esquire at Salem, Massachusetts. They would eventually move to Billerica, Massachusetts where JOHN LANE2 (1660 – 1715) became Captain and later Major of the Militia Company there. <<< CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 310

Ipswich, Massachusetts: On April 3, 1682, Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) wrote to his son (actually son-in-law) JOHN LANE2 (1660 – 1715), husband of his daughter, SUSANNA WHIPPLE LANE2 (1662 – 1713). The postscript was written by Captain JOHN WHIPPLE1’s (1625 – 1683) second wife, ELIZABETH BURR PAINE WHIPPLE1 (1636 – 1695), who wrote: “Son Joseph2 unwell, etc.” [Note: This was probably Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1’s 15 year old son JOSEPH 216 WHIPPLE2 (1666 - ? ).] On May 29, 1682, ELIZABETH BURR PAINE WHIPPLE1 (1636 – 1695) wrote to loving son (son-in-law) JOHN LANE2 (1660 – 1715) and his wife SUSANNA WHIPPLE LANE2 (1662 – 1713). <<< In 1682, SIMON STACEY1 was permitted to build a wharf in Ipswich, Massachusetts. This was probably Cousin Captain SIMON STACY JR1 (1636 – 1699) who was the son of Uncle SIMON STACY0 (1597 – 1644) of Ipswich, Massachusetts. On September 20, 1682 the famous and popular Major General DANIEL DENISON1 (1612 – 1682), son of WILLIAM DENISON0 (1571 – 1653), died at his mansion, with an orchard and out-housing, in Ipswich, Massachusetts near the Ipswich Meeting House Green. He was seventy years old. Following a funeral suitable for a prominent Ipswich citizen probably attended by his neighbors, 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) and 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 - 1712), he was buried in “The Old Burying Ground” on High Street in Ipswich, Massachusetts. He was survived by his wife of almost fifty years, PATIENCE DUDLEY DENISON1 (1612/16 – 1690), the daughter of Governor THOMAS DUDLEY0 (1576 – 1653). <<<

Salem Village and Topsfield, Massachusetts: [The Boundary Dispute between Salem Village (Danvers) and Topsfield, Massachusetts (1682 – 1683)] As Salem Town expanded northerly beginning about 1639, it legally granted lands to farmers in what later became Topsfield. At the same time, Ipswich had expanded southwesterly into the same lands. Apparently, a sloppy Massachusetts clerk had drawn Topsfield’s boundaries over that of Salem Village. As a result, a portion of southwestern Topsfield overlapped a portion of northern Salem. Although in 1643 the Massachusetts General Court granted this common area to Ipswich, which was later organized by the Ipswich settlers as the separate town of Topsfield, it also added the proviso that Salem Town could retain jurisdiction over all the lands it had granted in this area. Thus, within the town of Topsfield there were pockets of land which for tax purposes still belonged to Salem. For over thirty years Topsfield regularly attempted to tax the contested land whose owners were already being taxed by Salem Town and who refused to pay the Topsfield tax. With the formation of the Salem Village (Danvers today) parish in 1672, this dispute became a major concern to the new village since the disputed lands were in the hands of many of its parishioners. The largest owner of lands in the disputed territory was Lieutenant JOHN CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 311

PUTNAM SR1 (1627 – 1710), the father of Uncle JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1659 – 1739), who therefore became the central figure on the Salem Village side of the controversy. Law suits were exchanged by him with his Topsfield opponents on a number of occasions. A pitched battle ensued, largely on account of the precious resource already in short supply – timber! Timber represented a persistent, pervasive New England concern. Already scarce in Essex County, wood was difficult to come by. Its use and misuse, its felling and export, were tightly regulated. A New England family at that time consumed thirty to forty cords of wood a year, which translated into over an acre of forest. Wood was their only source of fuel for heating and cooking. There was no coal or oil or any other energy source in those days. A long-standing feud divided the PUTNAMs of Salem and the TOWNEs of Topsfield over the land and timber issue, inviting regular acts of trespass which would eventually spill over sadly into the tragic “Salem Witchcraft Hysteria of 1692.” On one occasion Topsfield men felled trees as a helpless PUTNAM farmer looked on; a tribe of ax-wielding PUTNAMs shortly thereafter appeared on the disputed land. The Essex County courts heard again and again from the belligerent PUTNAMs. They ruled four times in favor of the TOWNEs. Nevertheless, the feud didn’t stop there. The PUTNAMs would have the last say. Many of the men who accused REBECCA TOWNE NURSE1 (1621 - 1692) of witchcraft in 1692 had years earlier brandished axes on her brother’s disputed land. It was the same sturdy brand of family feud that had kept ministers rotating through Salem Village, one faction undermining the other’s candidate. Did ANN CARR PUTNAM SR2 (1661 – 1699) accuse REBECCA TOWNE NURSE1 (1621 – 1692) of witchcraft because of the border dispute, because her husband, THOMAS PUTNAM JR2 (1652 - 1699), opposed the Reverend SAMUEL PARRIS2 (1653 - 1720) and had opposed the Reverend JAMES BAYLEY2 (1650 - 1707), or because the NURSE family had managed to secure a large tract of Salem Village land, or because the NURSEs prospered where the PUTNAMs did not?? On one occasion in June 1682, Lieutenant JOHN PUTNAM SR1 (1627 - 1710) who owned a hundred acres or more in Salem Village and Topsfield, sued Mr. THOMAS BAKER1 of Topsfield for trespass for his intentionally felling one timber tree on his property before his face. However, the boundary dispute would not be finally resolved until well after 1700. <<<

1683: Cambridge, Massachusetts: Puritans were obsessed with natural phenomenon as being a signal, warning, or penalty from God, and that some harmful events were penance or God’s price (retribution) for His disapproval of man’s behavior, actions, or inactions. For example, Harvard College’s 1683 commencement was postponed due to an “eclipse.” The influential Reverend INCREASE MATHER1 (1639 - 1723) suggested that “King Philip’s War (1675 – 1678)” followed from excessive silk and wig wearing in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. <<< CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 312

Ipswich, Massachusetts: On June 14, 1683, Cousin EDMUND POTTER JR.3 (1683 – 1735), second child and first son of Uncle EDMUND POTTER2 (1654 – 1702) and Aunt ABIGAIL WELLS POTTER2 (1662 – ca. 1700), was born in Ipswich, Massachusetts.217 <<<

[Marriage of Uncle JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1659 - 1739) and Aunt LYDIA POTTER (PUTNAM)2 (1661 - 1745) in 1683] In 1683, at Ipswich, Massachusetts, twenty-two (22) year old Aunt LYDIA POTTER (PUTNAM)2 (1661 – 1745), the younger daughter of 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 - 1690) and 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 - 1712), 218 married twenty-four (24) year old Uncle JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1659 - 1739), “a farmer in excellent circumstances” from Salem Village, Massachusetts. She was his second wife. Uncle JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1659 – 1739) was born in Roxbury, Massachusetts on March 17, 1659 and was the son of Captain JOHN PUTNAM SR1 (1627 - 1710) and REBECCA PRINCE PUTNAM1 (1627 – 1704) of Salem and, 219 previously, Roxbury, Massachusetts. Uncle JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1659 – 1739) was baptized on July 14, 1667 in the , Massachusetts. Uncle JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1659 - 1739) and Aunt LYDIA POTTER PUTNAM2 (1661 – 1745) lived in Salem Village (now Danvers), Massachusetts where he erected a dwelling house on the Topsfield Road (on Route 35 – Locust Street near the junction with Wenham Street in the Putnamville section of Danvers) not far from his father’s homestead. They would have twelve children:

Table 48: The Children of Uncle JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1659 - 1739) and Aunt LYDIA POTTER PUTNAM2 (1661 – 1745) of Salem Village (Danvers), Massachusetts. No. Name 1 Cousin LYDIA PUTNAM (FLINT)3 (1684 - 1711), born October 4, 1684 in Salem Village; married THOMAS FLINT III3 (1678 – ca, 1757), son of THOMAS FLINT II2 and MARY DOUNTON FLINT2, on January 6, 1703 in Salem Village; she died on August 3, 1711 at 26 years of age in Salem Village, Massachusetts. 2 Cousin ELIZABETH PUTNAM (PORTER) (HUTCHINSON)3 (1687 – 1728), born February 2, 1687; married (1) JOHN PORTER3 in 1709 and (2) ROBERT HUTCHINSON3 (1687 - 1733), son of JOSEPH HUTCHINSON2 and LYDIA BUXTON SMALL HUTCHINSON2, on December 27, 1711; she died August 8, 1728 at 41 years of age. 3 Cousin RUTH PUTNAM3 (1689 – 1700), born April 7, 1689 in Salem Village; died March 26, 1700 (per G.S.) at almost 11 years of age. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 313

4 Cousin SUSANNA PUTNAM3 (1690 - ? ), born ca. May 25, 1690 in Salem Village; died unknown. 5 Cousin JONATHAN PUTNAM JR3 (1691 - 1732), born May 8, 1691 in Salem Village; married ELIZABETH PUTNAM (PUTNAM)3, daughter of JOSEPH PUTNAM2 (1669 - 1725) and ELIZABETH PORTER PUTNAM2 of Salem Village, in 1714; he was a lifelong resident of Salem Village and a prosperous farmer; he was the father of seven children and died January 17, 1732 at 40 years of age. 6 Cousin ESTHER PUTNAM (MARBLE)3 (1693 - ? ), born November 18, 1693 in Salem Village; married DANIEL MARBLE3; died unknown. 7 Cousin JEREMIAH PUTNAM3 (1696 - 1697), born 1696 in Salem Village; died very young in 1697. 8 Cousin JERUSHA PUTNAM3 (1697 – 1697), born ca. April 28, 1697; died November 18, 1697 (per G.S.) as infant at 6 months and 20 days (per G.S.). 9 Cousin JOSHUA PUTNAM3 (ca. 1698 - ? ), born ca. 1698 in Salem Village; died as an infant. 10 Cousin DAVID PUTNAM3 (ca. 1699 - ? ), born ca. 1699 in Salem Village; died as a child. 11 Cousin JERUSHA PUTNAM3 (1700 – 1706 or 1716), born September 15, 1700 in Salem Village; died August 16, 1706 at almost 6 years of age or died on August 16, 1716 at almost 16 years of age (G.S. illegible). 12 Cousin DAVID PUTNAM3 (1706 - 1760), born February 8, 1706 in Salem Village; died in 1760. Notes: (1) Uncle JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1659 – 1739) and his first wife, ELIZABETH WHIPPLE PUTNAM2 (ca. 1660 – 1682), daughter of THOMAS WHIPPLE1 and ELIZABETH ( ? ) WHIPPLE1, had an infant son named SAMUEL PUTNAM3 (1682 – 1682) who only lived 15 weeks and died in infancy during the last of November, 1682. (2) ELIZABETH WHIPPLE PUTNAM2 (ca. 1660 – 1682) died on August 24, 1682 at only 22 years of age probably from complications from bearing her only child; she was buried in the “Old Putnam Burying Ground” now called Wadsworth Cemetery on Summer Street in Danvers, Massachusetts; her gravestone has the oldest inscription in the Wadsworth Cemetery: “Here lyes the body of Elizabeth, ye wife of Jonathan Putnam, aged about 22 years; deceased ye 7th of August, 1682.”

They lived very comfortably in Salem Village (Danvers), Massachusetts where Uncle (Captain) JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1659 – 1739) was “a farmer in excellent circumstances.” He was not only a very successful farmer, but was also very influential and active in the Salem Village community. He was chosen to the Grand Jury

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in 1683. In 1684 or 1685 he served as “Highway Surveyor” and would serve in this capacity repeatedly in years to come. [Note: Colonial laws compelled all adult males in a town to serve at some time either as “Constable” or “Highway Surveyor,” or to pay a fine. Each New England town was responsible for building and maintaining roads within its limits. The law originally required all adult males with few exceptions to work a certain number of days each year maintaining the roads. Labor on the roads was supervised by “Surveyors of Highways,” twenty to thirty of whom were elected annually by some small towns.] In 1689 he became a “Selectman” of the town for the first time and would serve in this capacity for many of the years between 1689 and 1722. Also, he had served in the Salem militia and rose to the rank of Captain in 1689. Thereafter, he was always known as “Captain PUTNAM2” (1659 – 1739). [Note: Some records in 1699 and 1704 list him as “Lieutenant PUTNAM2 (1659 – 1739).] In 1690 he was made a “Freeman” of Salem Village. In 1691 he was made “Constable” of Salem Village. Also, on August 30, 1691 he was chosen “Commissioner” to join the Selectmen of Salem Village in compiling a list of male persons and their estates within the town. Their report listed 402 heads of families in Salem Village in 1691. This commission would be renewed again in 1703. He also repeatedly served on committees to establish Salem Village town bounds. In 1704 he served on a committee to look after the town’s common lands. In 1708, he served on a committee to value the estates of the town. In 1710 he served as the Salem Village Representative to the Massachusetts General Court. In 1713 he was a “Trustee” for the “Commoners” of Salem Village. He was also very active with the Salem Village church, actively supported the church and its ministers, and at one time served as “Tything Man.” In the early 1680s, Salem Village already was known for its local factionalism where brothers were pitted against brothers, and neighbors against neighbors, towns against towns, all quarreling and smiting one another. Disputes over land boundaries, town taxes, militia duty, church leadership and pastor benefits, and family matters all contributed to the adversarial atmosphere. The conflicts reached their peak in 1692 with the outbreak of the “Salem Witchcraft Hysteria.” Like his father, JOHN PUTNAM SR1 (1627 – 1710) and other family members, Uncle Captain JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1659 – 1739) saw it their duty to protect their nephews or cousins from SARAH WARREN PRINCE OSBORNE1 (ca. 1643 – 1692) who they claimed was cheating their nephews out of their inheritance. When the witch hysteria broke out in 1692, SARAH OSBORNE1 (SARAH WARREN PRINCE OSBORNE1) (ca. 1643 – 1692) was one of the first to be accused. Members of the PUTNAM family would be the “chief prosecutors” in this tragic episode of American history. This was the atmosphere that Aunt LYDIA POTTER PUTNAM2 (1661 - 1745) was immersed in when she married into the soon-to-be infamous PUTNAM family of Salem Village, Massachusetts. Uncle Captain JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1659 – 1739) would testify against SARAH WARREN PRINCE OSBORNE1 (ca. 1643 – 1692) as CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 315

well as MARY TOWNE EASTY1 (1634 – 1692), REBECCA TOWNE NURSE1 (1621 – 1692), 5 year old DORCAS GOOD3 (ca. 1687/88 - ? ), JOHN WILLIARD2 (ca. 1662 – 1692), and SARAH SMITH BUCKLEY1 (ca. 1636 – 1692). However, he would have a change of heart about REBECCA TOWNE NURSE1 (1621 – 1692) and would sign a petition appealing for her release based on her innocence, but to no avail. Uncle Captain JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1659 – 1739) died on March 2, 1739 in Salem Village, Massachusetts at 81 years of age.220 He was buried next to his first wife, ELIZABETH WHIPPLE PUTNAM2 (ca. 1660 – 1682), in Wadsworth Cemetery (“Old Putnam Burying Ground”) on Summer Street in Danvers, Massachusetts. <<<

Salem Village (Danvers), Massachusetts: In 1683 Aunt LYDIA POTTER (PUTNAM)2 (ca. 1661 - 1745) became Uncle JONATHAN PUTNAM2's (1660 – 1739) second wife. Earlier about 1680, he had married first ELIZABETH WHIPPLE (PUTNAM)2 (ca. 1660/61 - 1682), daughter of Lieutenant JOHN WHIPPLE1 (ca. 1632 – 1695) (MATTHEW0 (1588 – 1647), MATTHEW-1 (ca. 1550 – 1619)) and Lieutenant JOHN1’s second wife, ELIZABETH WOODMAN WHIPPLE1 (before 1635 – before July 21, 1662) who were married on May 5, 1659. ELIZABETH WHIPPLE PUTNAM2 (ca. 1660/61 – 1682) sadly died on August 24, 1682 at only 22 years of age. Her early death was probably due to complications of childbirth when her son, SAMUEL PUTNAM3 (1682 - 1682), was born. ELIZABETH WHIPPLE PUTNAM2 (ca. 1660/61 – 1682) was buried in Uncle JONATHAN PUTNAM2’s (1660 – 1739) family plots in the “Old Putnam Burying Ground”, now known as Wadsworth Cemetery, on Summer Street, Danvers, Massachusetts. Her gravestone and inscription are shown below. ELIZABETH WHIPPLE PUTNAM2’s infant son, SAMUEL PUTNAM3 (1682 -1682) died when only “15 weeks old at the last of November, 1682” per his gravestone in the “Old Putnam Burying Ground” (Wadsworth Cemetery, Summer Street, Danvers, Massachusetts). He probably died also from complications of childbirth as his mother did.

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Uncle JONATHAN PUTNAM2's father, JOHN PUTNAM SR1 (1627 - 1710), usually called "Captain JOHN" in recognition of his rank in the local militia, was the son of JOHN PUTNAM0 (1579 – 1662), the Elder, and PRISCILLA GOULD PUTNAM0. He was born in England in 1627 and was brought to Salem, Massachusetts by his parents. There on July 3, 1652, he married REBECCA PRINCE (PUTNAM)1, sister of ROBERT PRINCE1 of Salem. They had ten children and lived in Salem and Roxbury, Massachusetts. Captain JOHN PUTNAM SR1 (1627 – 1710) died on April 7, 1710. Uncle JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1660 – 1739) was the grandson of JOHN PUTNAM0 (1579 - 1662), the Elder, son of NICHOLAS PUTNAM-1 and MARGARET GOODSPEED PUTNAM-1 of Wingrave, Buckinghamshire, England. JOHN PUTNAM0 (1579 – 1662), the Elder, was baptized on January 17, 1579/80 in Wingrave, Buckinghamshire, England. About 1611, he married PRISCILLA GOULD (PUTNAM)0. They emigrated from the English county of Berkshire near London to Salem, Massachusetts where they received land in 1640 in what would become Salem Village (modern day Danvers) and were admitted to the church in 1647. They had seven children. JOHN PUTNAM0 (1579 – 1662), the Elder, died in Salem on December 30, 1662. Beginning with an initial 100 acre grant in 1641, JOHN PUTNAM0 (1579 – 1662), the Elder, was a prosperous farmer and gradually built up holdings which, by the time of his death in 1662, totaled nearly 800 acres.221 <<<

The PUTNAM Family and the SALEM VILLAGE Witchcraft Hysteria: When young Aunt LYDIA POTTER PUTNAM2 (ca. 1661 - 1745) married into the PUTNAM family in 1683, little did she know that she would soon have a front row seat to the infamous Salem Witch Trials of 1692 and that her new family would play such a major role in instigating the witchcraft hysteria and prosecuting no fewer than forty-six accused witches. A total of eight members of the PUTNAM family, drawn from all three of its branches i.e. the brothers THOMAS PUTNAM SR1 (1615 - 1686), NATHANIEL PUTNAM1 (1619 - 1700), and JOHN PUTNAM1 (1627 - 1710) were involved as "chief prosecutors in this business" producing complaints, warrants, and accusatory testimony.222 ANN PUTNAM JR3 (1679 - 1716), the twelve-year-old daughter of THOMAS PUTNAM JR2 (1653 - 1699) and ANN CARR PUTNAM2, was by far the most active of the "afflicted girls". THOMAS PUTNAM JR2 was Uncle JONATHAN PUTNAM2's first cousin making ANN PUTNAM JR3 his second cousin. Uncle JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1659 – 1739) actively participated in the prosecution of REBECCA TOWNE NURSE1 (1621 - 1692) as a witch by swearing out a complaint against her; however, sometime later he also signed a petition for her release. See the next chapter for the complete story of the Salem Witch Trials.

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The PUTNAM Family and the Revolutionary War: This same PUTNAM family would also make its mark on American history in the Revolutionary War at the battle of Bunker Hill. Another first cousin of Uncle JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1660 – 1739) was JOSEPH PUTNAM2 (1669 - 1725), the son of THOMAS PUTNAM SR1 (1615 - 1686) and half-brother of THOMAS PUTNAM JR2 (1653 - 1699). One of JOSEPH PUTNAM2's three sons was the famous Revolutionary War General ISRAEL PUTNAM3 (1718 - 1790), affectionately known as ‘Old Put,’ who is traditionally credited with having contributed to the American heritage the line, "Don't shoot until you see the whites of their eyes", at the battle of Bunker Hill on June 17, 1775.223 Generals ISRAEL PUTNAM3 and WILLIAM PRESCOTT3, commanding the Minutemen at the battle of Bunker Hill, inflicted terrible losses on the powerful British Regular Army at this 224 very early engagement of the Revolutionary War. ISRAEL PUTNAM3, the tough old Indian fighter (French and Indian War and the Pontiac War), was regarded by his countrymen as something of a folk-hero. He was a superb leader on the battlefield but as later events were to reveal, something less than a brilliant general.225

Fort Ticonderoga, New York: In the museum at Fort Ticonderoga, New York, next to a lithograph of him captioned: “Israel Putnam, Esq., Major General of the Connecticut Forces and Commander in Chief of the Engagement on Bunckers Hill near Boston of June 1775”, two of General ISRAEL PUTNAM3’s possessions are on display: 1. A drinking cup made from ox horn engraved with a likeness of ISRAEL PUTNAM3 and the phrase: “Major General of the Connecticut Forces”. (Item # PH-120; # 15 above.) 2. A powder horn believed to be an early twentieth century reproduction engraved: “Israel Putnam in pomfret con his Horn 1749”. (Item # PH-041; # 16 above.)

General ISRAEL PUTNAM3 (1718 – 1790) was a New England legend before the Revolution. Standing 5 ft. 6 in. tall, and powerfully built, he joined ROGERS’ Rangers during the French and Indian Wars, commanded a provincial regiment under AMHERST, was shipwrecked on the Havana expedition and fought in Pontiac’s War. He took command of the 3rd Connecticut Regiment in May 1775, CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 318

becoming a Brigadier General of the Connecticut troops in June. Worshipped by his soldiers and considered a ‘good Colonel’ by brother officers, ‘Old Put’ was, however, no field commander, and he was later relegated to organizing recruits. He retired in 1779 following a stroke. Since JOSEPH PUTNAM2 (1669 - 1725) was his first cousin, ISRAEL PUTNAM3 (1718 – 1790) was Uncle JONATHAN PUTNAM2's (1660 – 1739) second cousin. Ipswich, Massachusetts: In 1683, the famous Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683) and dear friend of 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690), was appointed Captain of the Ipswich mounted troop in place of Captain JOHN APPLETON1 (1622 – 1699). However, he became seriously ill during the summer of 1683. Concerned that “he will not escape this sickness”, on August 2nd, 1683 the wealthy Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683), the only living son 226 of Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), made his Last Will. He died eight (8) days later on August 10th, 1683 at fifty-seven (57) years of age.227 He was survived by his second wife, ELIZABETH (BURR) COGSWELL PAINE WHIPPLE1 (1636 – 1695) and five of his children: (1) (Major) JOHN WHIPPLE III2 (1657 – 1722), (2) (Major) MATTHEW WHIPPLE2 (1658 – 1739), (3) SUSAN(NA) WHIPPLE LANE2 (1661 – 1713), (4) JOSEPH WHIPPLE2 (1666 - 1699), , and (5) SARAH WHIPPLE WAINWRIGHT2 (1671 – 1709). His Last Will & Testament was probated on September 25, 1683 and his estate was inventoried for the sizeable amount of 3,314 pounds, a whopping amount at that time. He was a leading citizen of Ipswich, perhaps the wealthiest Ipswich citizen, and among the richest men in the Massachusetts Colony. Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1's (1625 – 1683) Last Will and Testament228 required that his estate be distributed as follows:

Table 49: Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1's (1625 – 1683) Last Will and Testament dated August 2, 1683. 1. Named Executors: His two oldest sons, JOHN WHIPPLE2 (1657 – 1722) and MATTHEW WHIPPLE2 to be joined by his 17 year old son JOSEPH WHIPPLE2 as soon as he comes of age. 2. To my wife, ELIZABETH BURR PAINE WHIPPLE1, one half of my dwelling house (the historic “JOHN WHIPPLE House” which is now the home of the Ipswich Historical Society) as long as she shall live, the benefit of a cow or two, the use of a horse, and fifteen pounds per year. 3. To my daughter, SUSAN WHIPPLE LANE2, a total of 150 pounds specie of which she had already received 70 pounds and the balance to be paid within three years. 4. To my youngest daughter, SARAH WHIPPLE (WAINWRIGHT)2, a total of 150 pounds to be paid at the time of her marriage or when she reaches 21 years of age and necessary maintenance expenses while she lives with her mother.

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5. To my three sons, if my estate of both real and personal property were divided into five parts, my eldest son, JOHN WHIPPLE2 (1657 – 1722) shall have two fifths thereof, my son MATTHEW WHIPPLE2 shall have one fifth, my son JOSEPH WHIPPLE2 shall have one fifth, and the last fifth shall be used to pay debts and other legacies. 6. To my son, JOHN WHIPPLE2 (1657 – 1722), all lands, houses, buildings, and appurtenances where he now lives together with the land in the hands of ARTHUR ABBOT; and if chooses to enjoy the farms, ten acres of marsh by QUILTERS. 7. To my son, MATTHEW WHIPPLE2, all lands, houses, and appurtenances where he now lives and the saw mill and the land in the tenure of FENNELL ROSS; and if chooses to enjoy the farms, as much of my marsh in the Hundreds. 8. To my son, JOSEPH WHIPPLE2, when he comes of age, the houses, buildings, malting office, and other lands, pasture, arable and meadow, where I now live; my son, JOHN WHIPPLE2 (1657 – 1722), will help order and manage same until JOSEPH comes of age. 9. My marsh in the Island (probably Plum Island) may be sold to pay debts.

After Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1's (1625 – 1683) death on June 30, 1669, Captain JOHN APPLETON1 (1622 – 1699) resumed command of the Ipswich troop. Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1's son, Cornet JOHN WHIPPLE III2 (1657 - 229 1722) was then elected Lieutenant. Lieutenant JOHN WHIPPLE III2 (1657 – 1722) was twenty-six years old in 1683 when his father died, had been married two years, and had a home of his own. He would follow in his father’s footsteps, quickly rising to Captain and eventually to Major of the Ipswich troop. <<<

1684: Ipswich, Massachusetts: In 1684, trouble with the Indians again threatened the colony. [Marriage of 6X Great Grandfather *SAMUEL POTTER2 (1656/57 – 1714) and 6X Great Grandmother *JOANNA WOOD (POTTER)2 (1661 – ca. 1694) about 1684.] Circa 1684, twenty-seven (27) year old 6X Great Grandfather *SAMUEL POTTER2 (1656/57 - 1714) married for the first time twenty-three (23) year old 6X Great Grandmother *JOANNA WOOD (POTTER)2 (1661 - ca. 1694), the daughter of 7X Great Grandfather *ISAIAH WOOD1 (ca. 1627 – after December 7, 1710) and 7X Great 230 Grandmother *MERCY THOMPSON WOOD1, in Ipswich, Massachusetts. They lived in Ipswich, Massachusetts and would have seven (7) children between 1685 and 1694 including first-born twins and 5X Great Grandfather *THOMAS POTTER3 (1691 – 1753). Their seven (7) children would produce twenty-eight (28) known grandchildren.

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Table 50: The Children of 6X Great Grandfather *SAMUEL POTTER2 (1656/57 – 1714) and his first wife, 6X Great Grandmother *JOANNA WOOD POTTER2 (1661 – ca. 1694) who married about 1684 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. No. Name Birth Death Spouse 1 DAVID POTTER3 March after 1738 MARY MERRIAM (1685 – after 1738) 27, 1685 Topsham, (POTTER)3 – twin (Uncle) Ipswich, Maine, the (ca. 1690 – 1733) [He moved from Ipswich, MA. celebrated of Lynn, Massachusetts. MA. to Topsham, Maine Scotch- Married: Jan. 6, 1710 – in 1738; considered “a Irish Ipswich, MA.; family of sturdy faith and Colony. Children: eight (8) born deeds.”] between 1711 and 1731. 2 SARAH POTTER3 March before Unknown if ever (1685 – 1725) - twin. 27, 1685 1714 or married. (Aunt) Ipswich, May 31, MA. 1725 Ipswich, MA. 3 JOANNA (JOHANNA) June 16, after 1714 2nd Wife of Captain POTTER (WHIPPLE)3 1686 Ipswich, JOHN WHIPPLE JR3 (1686 – after 1714) Ipswich, MA. (1660 – 1722) (Uncle) (Aunt) MA. [Pedigree: MATTHEW-1 (1556 - 1618), MATTHEW0 (1588 – 1647), (Skipped Generation 1), Lt. JOHN2 (1632 – 1695), Capt. JOHN3 (1660 – 1722)] Married: April 14, 1703 in Ipswich, MA. 4 SAMUEL POTTER JR3 ca. 1688 Feb. 29, HANNAH DRESSER (ca. 1688 – 1747) Ipswich, 1747 (POTTER)3 (Uncle) MA. Ipswich, (1681/2 – 1728); MA. Married: Nov. 17, 1712 5 ELIZABETH POTTER ca. 1690 Unknown. THOMAS LORD JR3 (LORD)3 (ca.1690/94 - ?) or (1687 – 1753) (Aunt) Nov. 17, Marriage intentions 1694 published April 9, 1710 CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 321

Ipswich, in Ipswich, MA.; they MA. had at least three children born between 1711 and 1714/15 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. 6 5X Great Grandfather April 13 April 23, *SUSANNA HADLEY *THOMAS POTTER3 or 15, 1753 (HOADLEY) (1691 – 1753) 1691 Ipswich (POTTER)3 Ipswich, Farms, (ca. 1694 – 1739) MA. (Linebrook Married Sept. 18, 1714. Parish), MA. 7 HENRY POTTER3 1694 after 1714 Unknown if ever (1694 – after 1714) Ipswich, married. (Uncle) MA. Notes: (1) 6X Great Grandmother *JOANNA WOOD (POTTER)2’s (1661 – ca. 1694) parents were: 7X Great Grandfather *ISIAH WOOD1 (ca. 1627 – after Dec. 7, 1710) and 7X Great Grandmother *MERCY THOMPSON WOOD1, the daughter of 8X Great Grandfather *SIMON THOMPSON0.

(2) Aunt MARY MERRIAM POTTER3 (ca. 1690 – 1733) was the daughter of JOSEPH MERRIAM2 (ca. 1650 – 1702) and SARAH JENKINS MERRIAM2 (1653 – 1692) of Lynn, Massachusetts. JOSEPH MERRIAM2 (ca. 1650 – 1702) was the son of WILLIAM MERRIAM SR1 (1628 – 1689) who was born in Tudley, Kent, England, and ELIZABETH BREED MERRIAM1 (before Dec. 26, 1634 – 1676) who was born in Puxohill, Bedford, England. They immigrated to Lynn, Massachusetts. SARAH JENKINS MERRIAM2 (1653 – 1692) was the daughter of JOEL JENKINS1 (ca. 1615 – 1688) who was born in England, and SARAH GILBERT JENKINS1 (1624 – 1687) who was born in Compton, Devon, England. They immigrated to Braintree and Malden, Massachusetts.

(3) Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR3 (1660 – 1722) was the son of Lieutenant JOHN WHIPPLE2 (1632 – 1695) and SARAH KENT WHIPPLE2 (ca. 1633 or ca. 1637 – 1658) who married about 1656. He was the grandson of MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 ( 1588 – 1646) who was the brother of Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), and great grandson of MATTHEW WHIPPLE-1 (1556 - 1618). He was born on March 30, 1660 in Ipswich, Massachusetts and married twice: (1) HANNAH (?) WHIPPLE3 ( ? – 1701) who died on October 20, 1701; and

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(2) JOANNA POTTER (WHIPPLE)3 (1686 – after 1714) whom he married on April 14, 1703 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR3 (1660 – 1722) died on June 11, 1722 in Ipswich, Massachusetts.

(4) Aunt HANNAH DRESSER (POTTER)3 (1681/2 – 1728) was the daughter of SAMUEL DRESSER SR2 (1643 – 1704) and MARY LEAVER DRESSER2 (1649 – 1714) of Rowley, Massachusetts who were married there on December 9, 1668. SAMUEL DRESSER SR2 (1643 – 1704) was born in Rowley, Massachusetts and was the son of JOHN DRESSER SR1 (1607 – 1672), “shoemaker,” who was born in Skewsby, Grimstone, Yorkshire, England, and MARY (?) DRESSER1 (1611 – 1659) who also was born in Skewsby, Grimstone, Yorkshire, England. They sailed from Hull, England on the good ship “John” of London. Onboard was the first printing press to reach America from England. They arrived in Salem, Massachusetts on October 10, 1638 and settled in Rowley, Massachusetts. MARY LEAVER DRESSER2 (1649 – 1714) was born in Rowley, Massachusetts and was the daughter of THOMAS LEAVER1 (ca. 1615 – 1683) who was born in England, and MARY BRADLEY LEAVER1 (1626 – 1684) who also was born in England. They immigrated to Rowley, Massachusetts.

(5) THOMAS LORD JR3 (1687 – 1753) was born on April 26, 1687 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. He was the son of THOMAS LORD SR2 (1663 – 1694 or 1702) and MARY BROWN (BROWNE) LORD3 ( ? – 1722/23) of Ipswich, Massachusetts who married on May 24, 1686 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. Pedigree: [WILLIAM-1, ROBERT SR0, Deacon ROBERT JR1 (1603 – 1683), THOMAS SR2 (1663 – 1694/1702), THOMAS JR3 (1687 – 1753).] His marriage intentions were published in Ipswich, Massachusetts on April 9, 1710. He had at least three children born between 1711 and 1714/15 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. He died on December 18, 1753 in Ipswich, Massachusetts.

(6) 5X Great Grandmother *SUSANNA HADLEY (HOADLEY) POTTER3 (ca. 1694 – 1739) was the daughter of 6X Great Grandmother *JANE MARTIN HADLEY2 (1656 – after 1704) and 6X Great Grandfather *SAMUEL HADLEY SR2 (1652 – 1745), “weaver,” of Amesbury, Massachusetts who married there on August 11, 1676, and the granddaughter of 7X Great Grandmother *SUSANNAH NORTH MARTIN1 (1621 – 1692) also of Amesbury, Massachusetts who was hanged as a convicted witch on Gallows Hill in Salem, Massachusetts on July 19, 1692 at the height of the “Salem Witchcraft Hysteria of 1692.” CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 323

6X Great Grandfather *SAMUEL HADLEY SR2 (1652 – 1745), “weaver,” was born in Ipswich, Massachusetts in 1652 and baptized in Salisbury, Massachusetts in 1657. He was the son of *GEORGE HADLEY1 (1628 – 1686) who was born in Reydon, Suffolk, England, and *MARY (MARIE) PROCTOR HADLEY1 (1633 – 1668) who was born in Groton, Suffolk, England. They immigrated to America, married in Ipswich, Massachusetts in 1650, and lived in Ipswich and Rowley, Massachusetts. 6X Great Grandfather *SAMUEL HADLEY SR2 (1652 – 1745) served in the Training Band of Amesbury, Massachusetts and was a soldier in “King Philip’s War (Narragansett War) 1675 – 1676” under Captain FRANK DAVIS2. 6X Great Grandmother *JANE MARTIN HADLEY2 (1656 – after 1704) was born on November 2, 1656 in Salisbury, Massachusetts. She was the daughter of 7X Great Grandfather *GEORGE MARTIN1 (1618 – 1686) who was born in England and 7X Great Grandmother *SUSANNAH NORTH MARTIN1 (1621 – 1692) who was born in Olney, Buckinghamshire, England. They immigrated to America and lived in Amesbury, Massachusetts. 6X Great Grandmother *JANE MARTIN HADLEY2 (1656 – after 1704) married 6X Great Grandfather *SAMUEL HADLEY SR2 (1652 – 1745) on August 11, 1676 in Amesbury, Massachusetts. They had twelve (12) children.

(7) Little is known about Uncle HENRY POTTER3 (1694 – after 1714).

7X Great Grandfather *ISAIAH WOOD1 (ca. 1627 – after December 7, 1710), “Surveyor of Highways,” and his first wife, 7X Great Grandmother *MERCY THOMPSON WOOD1, the daughter of 8X Great Grandfather *SIMON THOMPSON0, were married on January 26, 1653 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. [Note: A JOHN (TOMSON) THOMPSON0 (relation unknown) sailed on the "Elizabeth and Ann" from London in May, 1635 (?) for Watertown, Massachusetts. He was a Grantee of the First Division of Land in Watertown, Massachusetts on July 25, 1636.231] 6X Great Grandfather *SAMUEL POTTER2 (1656/57 - 1714) would marry three times, father thirteen (13) children who would produce a total of thirty-four (34) known grandchildren. <<<

Salem Village (Danvers), Massachusetts: Following the unhappy departure of the Reverend GEORGE BURROUGHS2 (ca. 1652 - 1692) as minister of Salem Village, in 1684 the English immigrant, DEODAT LAWSON2 was offered and took the risky Salem Village ministerial post. He would faithfully serve from 1684 to 1688 and would sadly lose his wife and one of his children while inhabiting the village parsonage. In the winter of 1688/1689 he left Salem Village and ministered to the troops on a campaign against the Indians in Maine. <<< CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 324

1685: Ipswich, Massachusetts: On March 27, 1685, the twins Uncle DAVID POTTER3 (1685 – after 1714) and Aunt SARAH POTTER3 (1685 – before 1714), first children of 6X Great Grandfather *SAMUEL POTTER2 (ca. 1656/57 – 1714) and *JOANNA 232 WOOD POTTER2 (1661 – ca. 1691), were born in Ipswich, Massachusetts. On December 11, 1685, Cousin SARAH POTTER (RUST) (FELLOWS)3 (1685 – 1725), second child and first daughter of Uncle JOHN “the cooper” POTTER2 (1652/53 – 1718) and his first wife, Aunt SARAH FELLOWS POTTER2 ( ? – ca. 1688/89), was born in Ipswich, Massachusetts.233 <<<

England: In 1685 King CHARLES II1 died and was succeeded by King JAMES II2, last of the Stuart Kings. <<<

[1685 – 1688: Reign of King JAMES II2]

1686: Ipswich, Massachusetts: About 1686, Cousin NATHANIEL POTTER3 (ca. 1686 – 1754), third child and second son of Uncle EDMUND POTTER2 (1654 – 1702) and Aunt ABIGAIL WELLS POTTER2 (1662 – ca. 1700), was born in Ipswich, Massachusetts. 234 On June 16, 1686, Cousin JOANNA (JOHANNA) POTTER (WHIPPLE)3 (1686 – living 1714), third child and second daughter of 6X Great Grandfather *SAMUEL POTTER2 (ca. 1656/57 – 1714) and 6X Great Grandmother *JOANNA 235 WOOD POTTER2 (1661 – ca. 1691), was born in Ipswich, Massachusetts. She would become the second wife of JOHN WHIPPLE JR3 (1660 – 1722) (JOHN2, MATTHEW1, MATTHEW0), Great Grandson of MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 (1588 – 1647), on April 14, 1703 in Ipswich, Massachusetts. <<<

Boston, Massachusetts: Until 1684 Massachusetts Bay was governed under a Royal charter which allowed the colony to choose its own leaders. However, in 1684 King JAMES II2 (1633 – 1701) revoked this charter in an effort to increase Royal control. Then, in 1686, King JAMES II2 (1633 – 1701) created a Dominion of New England by uniting New York, New and New England into one great province to serve as a bulwark against the danger of a French and Indian invasion from Canada. The new monarch unwisely sent Sir EDMUND ANDROS2 (1637 – 1714) (image at right) to rule absolutely unhampered by colonial charters or assemblies. Sir EDMUND ANDROS2 (1637 – 1714), a devout Anglican, arrived in Boston on December 20, 1686 and proceeded to dismiss the Massachusetts Assembly, abolish the colonial courts, undertake the dispensation of justice, introduce the Episcopal worship in Boston, and refuse to recognize old land titles as well as levy a land tax without the consent of the people’s deputies. These actions immediately provoked the CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 325

wrath and opposition of the general public. It would not be long before the citizens of New England would rise up and deal decisively with the new Governor. From 1686 to 1689 the unpopular EDMUND ANDROS2 (1637 – 1714) governed the colony along with the rest of New England and New York. A bloodless coup (“The Glorious Revolution of 1688”) made possible by the overthrow of King JAMES II2 (1633 – 1701) several months earlier would result in EDMUND ANDROS2 (1637 – 1714) forceful removal in 1689. <<<

1687: Ipswich and Rowley, Massachusetts: On January 30th, 1687, JENNETT (JANET) BROOKS DICKINSON WHIPPLE0 (1620 – 1687), the third wife and widow of the deceased Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669), died in Ipswich, Massachusetts.236 There is no mention of any offspring from their marriage. She was buried in the “Rowley Burial Ground” in Rowley, Massachusetts probably next to her first husband, THOMAS MOSES DICKINSON0 (1619/1620 – March, 1662). <<<

Salem Village (Danvers), Massachusetts: By the 1680s the conflict between the PUTNAMs and the HOBBS-ESTY-HOWE-TOWNE-WILDES families of neighboring Topsfield was an ominous fact of Salem Village life. In January 1687 the dispute took a new direction, for the HOWEs had gained allies in Salem Village. JOSEPH PORTER1 (1638 - 1714) and his brother-in-law DANIEL ANDREW2 (1643 - 1702) joined Topsfield’s ISAAC ESTY1 (1627 - 1712) as witnesses that Captain JOHN PUTNAM1 (1627 - 1710), father of Uncle JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1659 – 1739), had felled timber on land that, according to JOHN HOWE1, did not belong to any PUTNAM. The PUTNAMs retorted by convincing a Salem grand jury to present ISAAC ESTY1 (1627 - 1712) for perjury. The dispute over timber and meadow refused to die, for out-of-court animosities ran deep. Some of these must have spilled over into the way the PUTNAMs regarded the Topsfield sisters who lived in Salem Village: REBECCA TOWNE NURSE1 (1621 - 1692), MARY TOWNE ESTY1 (1634 - 1692), and SARAH TOWNE CLOYSE1 (1639 - 1703) who would all sadly be accused of practicing witchcraft during the “Salem Witchcraft Hysteria of 1692.” Also in 1687, the Salem Village Church was once again in a dispute over a number of things including the records kept in the Village Record Book. They formed a committee including the cousins THOMAS PUTNAM JR2 (1653 - 1699) and Uncle (Captain) JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1659 - 1739) to review the record book and purge disagreeable entries regarding previous votes by the membership. The church membership agreed for the most part with the recommendations of the committee and THOMAS PUTNAM JR2, (1653 - 1699), the parish clerk, was hired for forty shillings to transcribe the corrected record book by April, 1687. <<< Topsfield, Massachusetts: In 1687, the town of Topsfield, Massachusetts offered a bounty of ten shillings a piece to any man who killed a wolf in the town. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 326

>>>[TOWNE & EASTY vs. PUTNAM Land Dispute – 1687] In 1687 THOMAS TOWNE1, JOHN TOWNE1, JOSEPH TOWNE JR2, ISAAC EASTY SR1, and ISAAC EASTY JR2 of Topsfield, Massachusetts brought a suit against Captain JOHN PUTNAM SR1 (1627 – 1710) of Salem Village. They testified that they were in the woods within Topsfield bounds on the south side of the Ipswich River and observed Captain JOHN PUTNAM SR1 of Salem Farms (Salem Village) and his sons [possibly including Uncle JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1660 – 1739)] and some of his cousins cutting down timber within Topsfield bounds and on Topsfield men’s properties. They further testified that several Topsfield men had forewarned Captain JOHN PUTNAM SR1 from cutting timber on their land. The timber was cut on Topsfield land owned by THOMAS TOWNE1. Captain JOHN PUTNAM SR1 defiantly said he would continue to cut and carry away timber from the disputed land, by violence if necessary, until the following March and that they could sue him. The Court again decided in favor of the Topsfield men which of course only served to make the PUTNAMs more bitter. Five years later during the infamous Salem Witch Hysteria, ANNE PUTNAM JR3 accused MARY EASTY1, the wife of ISAAC EASTY SR1, of afflicting her and the accusation led to her ignominious death on Gallows Hill in Salem, Massachusetts. <<<

Boston, Massachusetts: By the dictatorial authority of Sir EDMUND ANDROS2 (1637 – 1714) in 1687, the “Church of England” worship was established in Boston, Massachusetts in direct opposition of the Puritans causing great distress and unrest. <<<

Ipswich, Massachusetts: On August 23, 1687 the citizens of Ipswich, Massachusetts began the protest against the arbitrary government of Sir EDMUND ANDROS2 from which sprang “The First American Revolution of 1689.” They voted “that, as it was against the rights of Englishmen to have rates laid upon them without their consent in an assembly, or Parliament, they would petition the king before they complied with the treasurer’s order.” The historical marker on North Main Street, Ipswich in front of the Meeting House Green commemorates this historic event. It states: “REVOLUTION OF 1689 – Here on August 23, 1687, the citizens of Ipswich, led by the Reverend JOHN WISE2, denounced the levy of taxes by the arbitrary government of Sir EDMUND ANDROS2, and from their protest sprang the American Revolution of 1689.”

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Figure 38: “REVOLUTION OF 1689 – Here on August 23, 1687, the citizens of Ipswich, led by the Reverend JOHN WISE2, denounced the levy of taxes by the arbitrary government of Sir EDMUND ANDROS2, and from their protest sprang the American Revolution of 1689.”

No doubt the POTTER family was represented at this assembly just across the street in front of their patriarch’s house to protest the ANDROS2 government. The historic marker is directly across North Main Street from 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1’s house that was a little more than four rods from the Meeting House. *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 - 1690) was 59 years old at the time and possibly he and some of his offspring participated in the protest. Any number of his children could have been there: His youngest children: Uncle THOMAS POTTER2 (age 23) and Uncle ANTHONY POTTER2 (age 20) were both single and probably living with their parents at that time and more than likely were present at this protest with their father. Uncle JOHN “the cooper” POTTER2 (age 35), Uncle EDMUND POTTER2 (age 33), and 6X Great Grandfather *SAMUEL POTTER2 (age 30) were probably living nearby and all may have been there. The Ipswich leaders in this opposition to taxation without representation were the popular Reverend JOHN WISE2 (1652 – 1725), of Chebacco Parish, JOHN ANDREWS SR1, ROBERT KINSMAN1, WILLIAM GOODHUE JR1, JOHN CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 328

APPLETON1 and THOMAS FRENCH1. They were arrested and imprisoned at Boston for contempt and high misdemeanor. They were tried and found guilty. They were fined, imprisoned for twenty-one days, released under bond, and barred from office. The immensely popular Reverend JOHN WISE2 (1652 – 1725) was an appealing man with a sprightly sense of humor. The bold, magnetic, and articulate minister easily succeeded in enlisting others to his cause. He had some original ideas about the role of government and about taxation without representation. On August 23, 1687 he had led Ipswich in a protest against ANDROS imposed taxes, which he contended, infringed on New England liberties. He believed that very little separated aristocracy and monarchy; and from there it was but one small step to tyranny. He incited neighboring towns to resist, getting as far as Topsfield before his arrest. For his principles he spent twenty-one days in prison and became a local hero. The logic-loving Reverend JOHN WISE2 (1652 – 1725), a contemporary and Harvard schoolmate of Reverend SAMUEL PARRIS2 (1653 – 1720), would so wisely say about the so-called Massachusetts elite shortly after the “Salem Witchcraft Hysteria of 1692” that “those men were not so much the masters as the victims of their learning” for having read and re-read bushels of witchcraft texts which led to the tragedy at Salem. On August 30, 1687 3X Great Grandmother *ABIGAIL HORR POTTER5’s (1775/76 – 1855) 2X Great Grandfather, *SHADRACH WILBORE SR1 (1631 – 1697), who was the wealthy Town Clerk of Taunton, Massachusetts, was apprehended and imprisoned in Boston for his contempt of the Sir EDMUND ANDROS2 (1637 – 1714) government’s taxation policies but was soon released. >>> [See: Appendix “B”: Hore-Hoare-Horr Pedigree.] <<<

XIX: THE SECOND INDIAN WAR – “KING WILLIAM’S WAR” (1688 – 1699):

1688: Ipswich, Massachusetts: About 1688, Cousin SAMUEL POTTER JR3 (ca. 1688 - 1747), fourth child and second son of 6X Great Grandfather *SAMUEL POTTER2 (1656/57 - 1714) and 6X Great Grandmother *JOANNA WOOD POTTER2 (1661 - ca. 1691), was born in Ipswich, Massachusetts.237 <<<

England: In 1688, King JAMES II2 was expelled from England by WILLIAM & MARY in the “Glorious Revolution” with public expressions of joy in Massachusetts over the news. The people of New England now hoped to see the general restoration of charters. <<<

New England: Late in the summer of 1688, another violent Indian conflict erupted, this time in Maine, the frontier between the French and English in America. [The Second Indian War – “King William’s War” (1688 - 1699)] By 1688, not only was the region between Wells and Falmouth, CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 329

Maine fully resettled, but new towns were also being established to the northeast of Casco Bay, Maine. The unwelcome English settlers migrating north on the frontier increasingly ignored the Casco accord established with the Indians years before in 1678. If the underlying friction that helped to instigate the “First Indian War (King Philip’s War) (1675 – 1678)” stemmed from the , that which underlay the Second Indian War – “King William’s War” (1688 - 1699) came rather from conflicts over growing numbers of land grants issued to migrating English settlers in Maine by the double-crossing Bay Colony authorities without regard to Indian claims to the soil. The Wabanaki Indians were also especially angered about the violation of their fishing rights on the Saco River. In August, 1688 the struggle with the French and Indians for control on New England’s northeastern frontier began in earnest. Indian activity in western Massachusetts and rumors of Indian plots in the east had set off panic on the Maine frontier and in Massachusetts. The proximity of Essex County, Massachusetts to Maine and New Hampshire necessarily involved its men in the frontier war; for the early settlers, fears of Indian attack would ever be present; for the next half a century Essex County militiamen would be frequently pressed into service. The Second Indian War, “King William’s War,” would last until 1699 and would result in the devastation of both Indian and Anglo-American communities of Maine and New Hampshire. <<<

Salem Village (Danvers), Massachusetts: Near the end of 1688 DEODAT LAWSON2 resigned as minister of the Salem Village church. During the three, short term, successive ministries which served Salem Village from 1672 to 1688, Ministers JAMES BAYLEY2 (served 1672 to 1679), GEORGE BURROUGHS2 (served 1679 - 1683), and DEODAT LAWSON2 (served 1684 - 1688) seemed never to gain the endorsement and support of more than a simple majority of the villagers and typically found themselves entangled in heated, uncharitable controversy with a vocal minority. Upon finding the situation not worth the fight, each would unhappily depart the village. The extensive PUTNAM family in the village seemed to be at the center of the perennial controversy and always quarreling amongst themselves and their neighbors. Aunt LYDIA POTTER PUTNAM2 (1661 - 1745) must have cringed at the constant bickering and smiting one another. However, the worst was yet to come. From November 15, 1688 through April 1689 committees of young and old men from Salem Village courted the Reverend SAMUEL PARRIS2 (1653 - 1720) to be their minister. First, it was the Salem Village elders, led by Captain JOHN PUTNAM SR1 (1627 - 1710), one of the patriarchs of the Village and a selectman for the town, and then a committee of younger men sought him out and invited him to preach in the Village. The Reverend SAMUEL PARRIS2 (1653 - 1720) finally consented and a new tragic page of the contentious Salem Village history began. <<<

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1689: [1689 – 1702: Reign of King WILLIAM and Queen MARY] In 1689 the “Toleration Act” was passed establishing freedom of worship. <<<

Boston, Massachusetts: [“THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION OF 1689”] On Thursday (“Lecture Day”) April 18, 1689, having had enough of the arbitrary rule of the Crown-imposed Anglican Governor SIR EDMUND ANDROS2 (1637 – 1714), a carefully plotted political revolution was carried through by the citizens of Boston, Massachusetts. They imprisoned ANDROS2 and his counselors, formed the “Council for the Safety of the People,” and reinstalled the 86 year old SIMON BRADSTREET1 (1603/04 – 1697) (image at right) as governor. Not a shot had been fired. No one had been injured or killed. The “First American Revolution” was over. However, a period of profound political unrest and intensifying Indian skirmishes followed. <<<

Wrentham, Massachusetts: In 1689 6X Great Grandfather *ROBERT WARE JR2 (1653 – 1724) of Wrentham, Massachusetts served as a soldier in the Wrentham Military Company. In 1703 he would become a Representative to the Massachusetts General Court. >>>[See: Appendix “C”: Wight Pedigree] <<<

[The Second Indian War – “King Williams War” (1688 – 1699)]: Tensions between the French and English settlers ran high on the Eastern frontier well before England declared war on France in May, 1689. The frontier had moved ever closer to Essex County, Massachusetts, as refugees from the north streamed in, striking fear in all the county residents. The French allied Wabanaki Indians in Maine outnumbered the English settlers six to one. A series of devastating raids portended a new conflict with the French and Wabanaki Indians. They became known as the “invisible enemy” for, they skulked, they lurked, they flitted, they committed atrocities – and then they vanished. The English lived in constant fear not knowing where or when the next blow was coming.

Cocheco (Dover), New Hampshire: During the last week of June 1689, thirty Indians of the Pennacook and Saco bands of the Wabanaki led by the Sachem KANKAMAGUS1 arrived during the day at the Cocheco (Dover), New Hampshire trading post acting friendly; but camping nearby, that night they slyly gained entrance to the garrison house, tortured and killed the militia officer in charge, killed twenty-three residents and captured twenty-nine. They then burned the garrison house and several other Cocheco (Dover) houses as a final gesture of contempt

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and defiance. This was an early episode of the “Second Indian War (1688 – 1699).” Casco (part of Portland), Maine – September 30, 1689: On September 30, 1689 more than four hundred (400+) French and Indians descended on the small village of Casco (now part of Portland), Maine, the home of Minister GEORGE BURROUGHS2 (ca. 1652 – 1692) who had served as the second pastor of Salem Village, Massachusetts from 1680 until 1683 and who would be hanged later as a convicted witch in Salem in 1692. The assault on Casco (Portland) was devastating, costing the poorly prepared villagers dearly with two hundred and fifty (250) of them killed or taken captive. The Reverend GEORGE BURROUGHS2 (ca. 1652 – 1692) fought valiantly in the seven- hour battle which was desperately waged in field and orchard. A young and impressionable teenage girl named MERCY LEWIS3 (1675 - ? ), later to become infamous during the “Salem Witchcraft Hysteria of 1692,” lived at Casco Bay (Falmouth) with her relatives at the time of this ruthless Indian raid. Many of “circle girl” MERCY LEWIS3’s (1675 - ? ) relatives (grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins) were either brutally killed or captured that day staining her memory with the horrific Indian atrocities committed during the vicious raid. She managed to somehow escape and, now orphaned again, was taken in by the Reverend GEORGE BURROUGHS2 (1650 – 1692) as a maidservant. As the likely ringleader of the “circle girls,” she would also play a major role in the tragic “Salem Witchcraft Hysteria of 1692.” All the towns northeast of York and Wells, Maine were soon abandoned and the panicked refugees, including Reverend GEORGE BURROUGHS2 (1650 – 1692) with the young terrified MERCY LEWIS3 (1675 - ? ) in tow, poured south to find safety. It was in this attack that the fifteen-year old MERCY LEWIS3 (1675 – before 1703), who would play a major role in the “Salem Witchcraft Hysteria of 1692,” was orphaned and fatefully moved in with the GEORGE BURROUGHS2 (ca. 1652 – 1692) family as a maidservant. [Note: MERCY LEWIS3 (1675 – before 1703) would also become a servant in THOMAS PUTNAM JR2‘s (1652 - 1699) family in Salem Village, Massachusetts in 1691 and 1692.] Again widowed, GEORGE BURROUGHS2 (ca. 1652 – 1692) and his terrified family with MERCY LEWIS3 (1675 – before 1703) retreated down the coast to Wells, Maine which was now the new frontier. Everything north to the “Eastward” had been destroyed. These were the raids that flooded Massachusetts with frightened refugees. Clearly, the histories of “King Philip’s War (1675 – 1678)” – the First Indian War, “King William’s War (1688 – 1699)” – the Second Indian War, and the “Salem Witchcraft Hysteria of 1692” would be intricately intertwined. The atrocities of the Indian wars would have a psychological impact on many of the participants in the “Salem Witchcraft Hysteria of 1692.” The Wabanaki Indians in the eastern New England region were most commonly identified by the name of the river valleys in which their villages were located: CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 332

Sacos, Androscoggins, Kennebecs, , and so forth. No single Wabanaki chief sachem ruled the whole. Uncle Captain JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1659 - 1739) of Salem Village (Danvers), Massachusetts was credited with military service to the “Eastward” (north towards Maine) in 1689 probably in response to one of the many Indian raids on the northeastern frontier. <<<

Ipswich, Massachusetts: In July, 1689, Cornet JOHN WHIPPLE III2 (1657 - 1722), the famous Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1's (1625 - 1683) son, was elected Lieutenant, and JOHN WHIPPLE JR (relation unknown) was elected Quartermaster of the Ipswich troop.238 <<<

Salem Village (Danvers), Massachusetts: On November 19, 1689, the independent Salem Village church, i.e. “Church of Christ” at Salem Village, was officially formed (apart from Salem Town) with twenty-seven adults joining together in full covenant. Reverend SAMUEL PARRIS2 (1653 – 1720) from Boston was ordained as its pastor. On that occasion, the following Salem Villagers joined with Reverend SAMUEL PARRIS2 (1653 – 1720) and his wife ELIZABETH (?) PARRIS2 (ca. 1648 – 1696) in signing a covenant formally proclaiming themselves a Church of Christ:

Table 51: Signers of the Original Covenant forming the Church of Christ in Salem Village (Danvers), Massachusetts - November 19, 1689. No. Men No. Women (The women which embodyed with us are by their several names as followeth viz.) 1. SAMUEL PARRIS2 1. ELIZ: (ELIZABETH (?) PARRIS2 (1653 – 1720) (ca. 1648 – 1696), wife to SAMUEL Pastor PARRIS2 (1653 - 1720)) 2. NATHANIEL PUTNAM1 2. REBEK: (REBECCA PRINCE (1619 – 1700)<<< PUTNAM1, wife to Captain JOHN PUTNAM1 (1627 – 1710))<<< 3. Captain JOHN PUTNAM1 3. ANNA: (ANNA (?) WILKINS, wife (1627 – 1710)<<< to BRAY WILKINS) 4. BRAY WILKINS 4. SARAH: (SARAH (?) REA, wife to JOSHUAH REA) 5. JOSHUA REA (JR) 5. HANNAH : (HANNAH (?) PUTNAM2, wife to JOHN PUTNAM JUNR2 (1667 – 1736)<<<

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6. NATHANIEL 6. SARAH: (SARAH (?) PUTNAM2, INGERSOLL wife to BENJAMIN PUTNAM2 (1664 – 1715)<<< 7. PETER CLOYES 7. SARAH PUTMAN (PUTNAM)2 (CLOYCE) <<< 8. THOMAS PUTNAM (JR)2 8. DELIVERANCE WALCOTT2 (1653 – 1699), father of circle (DELIVERANCE PUTNAM girl ANN PUTNAM3.<<< WALCOTT2 (1656 - ? ), wife to JONATHAN WALCOTT2) 9. JOHN PUTNAM JUNR2 9. PEIRY (PERSIS): (PEIRY WAY, (1667 – 1736)<<< wife to WILLIAM WAY) 10. EDWARD PUTNAM2 10. MARY: (MARY ABBEY, wife to (1654 – 1748)<<< SAM ABBIE (SAMUEL ABBEY) 11. JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (1660 – 1739) (Uncle), husband of Aunt LYDIA POTTER PUTNAM2 (ca. 1661 – 1745)<<< 12. BENJAMIN PUTNAM2 (1664 – 1715)<<< 13. EZEKIEL CHEEVER 14. HENRY WILKINS 15. BENJAMIN WILKINS 16. WILLIAM WAY 17. PETER WALCOTT (?) Note: Aunt LYDIA POTTER PUTNAM2 (ca. 1661 – 1745) and a number of other wives of the original signers did not sign this covenant.

Ipswich, Massachusetts: Christmas 1689 was not a joyous occasion for the POTTER family. Sixty-one year old 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) was seriously ill and on his deathbed. On December 27, 1689, 239 *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) made his Last Will and Testament. His Last Will and Testament is dated December 28, 1689.240 <<< [Note: The observance of Christmas by the Anglican and Roman Catholic Churches, which by the early Middle Ages had become the most popular of all the Christian holidays, so irritated the English Puritans that they refused to honor the day in any way since they considered it a heathen holiday. Patterned after the pagan Roman celebration called “Saturnalia,” and celebrated on a day picked as a matter of expediency by a Pope based on the winter solstice, the Puritans felt justified in banning the celebration of Christmas entirely. In fact, the Puritans made a point of abolishing the

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calendar of Christian feasts, saints’ days, and religious celebrations of this sort which were considered a profanation of the true word of Christ. The celebration of Christmas was forbidden in Massachusetts on pain of a five-shilling fine. It was not until 1856 that Christmas became a legal holiday in Massachusetts. Even today, some Christian do not celebrate Christmas.]

XX. THE DEATH AND LEGACY OF *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) – THE FIRST AMERICAN:

The JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) Family of Ipswich, MA. 1690 Name Age

Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 deceased (died 1669) 1. SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0 deceased (before 1634) (1st wife – married 1621)

A. SUSANNAH WHIPPLE WORTH1 68 yrs. 1. LIONEL WORTH1 Deceased a. SUSANNA WORTH PILLSBURY2 41 yrs. b. MARY WORTH2 39 yrs. c. JUDITH WORTH BUCKNAM2 37 yrs. d. SARAH WORTH GILL2 34 yrs. e. TWINS2 Deceased f. JOHN WORTH2 26 yrs. B. JOHN WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1624) C. JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (Captain) deceased (died 1683) 1. MARTHA REYNOR WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1679) (married ca. 1653) a. JOHN WHIPPLE III2 (Major) 33 yrs. b. MATTHEW WHIPPLE2 (Major) 32 yrs. c. JOSEPH WHIPPLE2 (1664 – 1665) deceased (died 1665) d. JOSEPH WHIPPLE2 24 yrs. e. SUSAN(NA) WHIPPLE LANE2 22 yrs. (married 1683)

f. SARAH WHIPPLE (WAINWRIGHT)2 19 yrs. g. ANNA WHIPPLE2 deceased (died before 1675) h. ANNA WHIPPLE2 deceased (died before 1683) 2. ELIZABETH BURR PAINE WHIPPLE1 54 yrs. (married 1680)

D. ELIZABETH WHIPPLE POTTER1 deceased (died 1648) 1. *ANTHONY POTTER1 (married 1648) 61 yrs. (dies in 1690) E. MATTHEW WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1634) F. WILLIAM WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1641)

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G. ANNE WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1634) 2. SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 deceased (died 1662) (2nd wife)

A. MARY WHIPPLE STONE1 56 yrs. 1. SIMON STONE1 (Deacon) (married 1656) 59 yrs. a. SIMON STONE JR2 34 yrs. b. JOHN STONE2 32 yrs. c. MATTHEW STONE2 30 yrs. d. NATHANIEL STONE2 deceased e. EBENEZER STONE2 27 yrs. f. MARY STONE STARR2 25 yrs. g. NATHANIEL STONE2 23 yrs. h. ELIZABETH STONE (STEARNS)2 20 yrs. i. DAVID STONE2 18 yrs. j. SUSANNA STONE (GODDARD)2 15 yrs. k. JONATHAN STONE2 13 yrs. B. JUDITH WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1637) C. MATTHEW WHIPPLE1 deceased (died 1638) D. SARAH WHIPPLE GOODHUE1 deceased (died 1681) 1. JOSEPH GOODHUE1 (Deacon) (married 1661) 51 yrs. a. JOSEPH GOODHUE JR2 deceased (?) b. MARY GOODHUE NORTON2 26 yrs. c. SARAH GOODHUE2 25 yrs. d. WILLIAM GOODHUE2 24 yrs. e. MARGERY GOODHUE2 23 yrs. f. SUSANNA GOODHUE KIMBALL2 22 yrs. g. ELIZABETH GOODHUE (ESTY)2 (?) yrs. h. JOHN GOODHUE2 11 yrs. i. HANNAH GOODHUE2 9 yrs. 3. JENNETT (JANET) BROOKS DICKINSON deceased (died 1687) rd WHIPPLE0 (3 wife – married after April, 1662) Note: Since we do not know: (1) SUSANNA CLARKE WHIPPLE0’s (ca. 1594 – before 1634) date of death which was sometime before 1634 in England; or (2) the marriage date of SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – 1662) which was sometime before 1634 in England; we cannot know for certain which of JOHN WHIPPLE0’s children were offspring from each of his first two wives.

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*ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) Family of Ipswich, MA. 1690 Name Age

*ANTHONY POTTER1 61 yrs. (dies in 1690) 1. ELIZABETH WHIPPLE POTTER1 deceased (died 1648) (1st wife – married 1648)

2.*ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 61 yrs. (2nd wife – married 1652)

A. JOHN POTTER2 (“the cooper”) 38 yrs. 1. SARAH FELLOWS POTTER2 33 yrs. (1st wife – married 1677)

a. JOHN POTTER JR3 10 yrs. b. SARAH POTTER (RUST) (FELLOWS)3 5 yrs. st B. EDMUND POTTER2 (1 married before 1680) 36 yrs. st 1. ABIGAIL WELLS POTTER2 (1 wife ) 28 yrs. a. ELIZABETH POTTER3 (child) deceased (died young) b. EDMUND POTTER JR3 7 yrs. c. NATHANIEL POTTER3 4 yrs. st C. *SAMUEL POTTER2 (1 married – ca. 1684) 33 yrs. st 1. *JOANNA WOOD POTTER2 (1 wife ) 29 yrs. a. DAVID POTTER3 – twin 5 yrs. b. SARAH POTTER3 – twin 5 yrs. c. JOANNA POTTER (WHIPPLE)3 4 yrs. d. SAMUEL POTTER JR3 2 yrs. e. ELIZABETH POTTER (LORD)3 Infant D. ELIZABETH POTTER KIMBALL2 - twin 29 yrs. 1. THOMAS KIMBALL2 (married ca. 1681) 33 yrs. a. THOMAS KIMBALL JR3 7 yrs. b. DANIEL KIMBALL3 6 yrs. c. RICHARD KIMBALL3 4 yrs. d. ELIZABETH KIMBALL3 (?) yrs. E. LYDIA POTTER PUTNAM2 - twin 29 yrs. 1. JONATHAN PUTNAM2 (married 1683) 31 yrs. a. SAMUEL PUTNAM3 (infant - stepson) deceased (died 1682) b. LYDIA PUTNAM (FLINT)3 6 yrs. c. ELIZABETH PUTNAM (PORTER)4 4 yrs. d. RUTH PUTNAM3 1 yr. e. SUSANNA PUTNAM3 infant F. THOMAS POTTER2 26 yrs. G. ANTHONY POTTER JR2 (Deacon) 23 yrs.

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The *GREGORY STONE0 (1592 – 1672) Family of Cambridge, MA. 1690 Name Age

*Deacon GREGORY STONE0 deceased (died 1672) st 1. MARGARET GARRAD STONE0 (1 wife) deceased (died 1626) A. JOHN STONE1 (Elder) (married 1638) deceased (died 1683) 1. ANNE ROGERS TREADWAY STONE1 deceased (died after 1683) a. HANNAH STONE2 50 yrs. b. JOHN STONE JR2 48 yrs. (est.) c. DANIEL STONE2 (Deacon) 46 yrs. d. DAVID STONE2 44 yrs. e. MARY STONE2 41 yrs. (est.) f. ELIZABETH STONE2 40 yrs. (est.) g. MARGARET STONE2 37 yrs. h. TABITHA STONE2 35 yrs. i. SARAH STONE2 33 yrs. j. NATHANIEL STONE2 30 yrs. B. DANIEL STONE1 (Surgeon) deceased (died 1687) (married ca. 1643)

1. MARY HOWES STONE1 deceased (died 1658) a. MARY STONE2 46 yrs. b. SARAH STONE2 45 yrs. c. DANIEL STONE JR2 43 yrs. d. ELIZABETH STONE2 41 yrs. e. ABIGAIL STONE2 37 yrs. f. MEHITABLE STONE2 32 yrs. C. DAVID STONE1 (married ca. 1648) 68 yrs. 1. DORCAS (?) STONE1 (?) yrs. a. DAVID STONE JR2 40 yrs. b. DANIEL STONE2 39 yrs. c. DORCAS STONE2 38 yrs. d. JOHN STONE2 36 yrs. e. SAMUEL STONE2 34 yrs. f. NATHANIEL STONE2 (?) yrs. D. ELIZABETH STONE1 (ca. 1624 – 1626) deceased (died 1626) nd 2. *LYDIA (?) COOPER STONE0 (2 wife) deceased (died 1674) A. JOHN COOPER JR1 (Stepson) 72 yrs. 1. Wife ? (?) yrs.

B. LYDIA COOPER FISKE1 (Stepdaughter) 70 yrs. (est.) 1. DAVID FISKE1 (Lieutenant) (?) yrs. a. Children ? (?) yrs.

C. *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 61 yrs.

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1. *ANTHONY POTTER1 (married 1652) 61 yrs. (dies in 1690) a. Children (see above). (see above)

D. SAMUEL STONE1 (Deacon) 59 yrs. (1st married 1655) st 1. SARAH STEARNES STONE1 (1 wife) 55 yrs. a. SAMUEL STONE JR2 (Deacon) 34 yrs. b. ISAAC STONE2 31 yrs. (dies in 1690) c. SARAH STONE2 29 yrs. d. JOHN STONE2 27 yrs. e. LYDIA STONE2 25 yrs. f. MARY STONE2 (1668 – 1669) deceased (died 1669) g. JOSEPH STONE2 20 yrs. h. ANNA STONE2 17 yrs. E. SARAH STONE MERRIAM1 58 yrs. 1. DAVID MERRIAM1 (married 1653) deceased (died 1677) (?) a. Eight children MERRIAM2 ? (?) yrs. b. RUTH MERRIAM2 20 yrs. (est.)

1690: Salmon Falls (Berwick), Maine: Early on Tuesday, March 18, 1690, a force of about sixty French and Indians led by a French officer and Abenaki Sachem HOPE HOOD1 (WOHAWA1) ( ? – 1690) of the Androscoggin Indians, one of the English colonists’ bitterest enemies, attacked the village of Salmon Falls (Berwick), Maine. The fort and more than twenty houses were burned to the ground, many cattle were killed, and eighty to a hundred English colonists were killed or captured of whom between twenty and thirty were able men. At that time, 59 year old 8X Great Grandfather *PETER GRANT0 (ca. 1631 – ca. 1712), “The Scot Exile,” and his wife, 8X Great Grandmother *JOAN (?) GRANT GRANT0 (ca. 1644 – ca. 1710) with their seven children plus one child of 8X Great Grandmother *JOAN (?) GRANT GRANT0’s (ca. 1644 – ca. 1710) first marriage, lived near York Pond in South Berwick, Maine and apparently were not discovered or harmed by the marauding French and Indians. [See: Appendix 7A: GRANT Pedigree] Pursuing colonial militia from York, Maine, and Portsmouth and Cocheco (Dover), New Hampshire, eventually caught up and skirmished with the raiders with little success. <<<

Falmouth, Maine: About daybreak on Friday, May 16, 1690, a combined force of four or five hundred (400 – 500) Wabanaki Indians led by Sachem MADOCKAWANDO1 accompanied by Baron de CASTINE1 himself with his French soldiers fell on Falmouth, Maine. They fought the English colonists for five days and four nights. After a valiant fight, about two hundred (200) English settlers were killed or captured. The wounded were mercilessly murdered by the Indians. Falmouth had fallen

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and all of the small settlements southwest of Casco Bay were immediately abandoned. After the fall of Falmouth, Maine, many burning buildings were observed everywhere along the coast of southeast Maine. Nothing remained Eastward of Wells, Maine. Panic engulfed the English colonists of southeastern Maine. Three or four hundred English refugees had fled south to Portsmouth, New Hampshire. The see-saw war on the northeastern frontier continued on through the summer and into the fall of 1690 when the detested Abenaki Sachem HOPE HOOD1 (WOHAWA1) ( ? – 1690) was accidentally killed by his own allies. <<< Ipswich, Massachusetts: On March 25 or 26, 1690, 7X Great Grandfather 241 *ANTHONY POTTER1's Last Will and Testament was proved. It appears that *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) was terminally ill in late December, 1689 and died in early 1690 of cause unknown. He was sixty-one years old when he died. A deadly smallpox epidemic swept through Boston in 1690. Did this epidemic reach out to Ipswich to take sixty-one year old *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) or did some other deadly disease or illness of the time take him, we don't know? His second wife, 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 - 1712), was sole executrix. He was also survived by his five sons: (1) JOHN “the cooper” POTTER2 (1652/53 – 1718), (2) EDMUND POTTER2 (1654/55 – 1702), (3) 6X Great Grandfather *SAMUEL POTTER2 (1657 – 1714), (4) THOMAS POTTER2 (ca. 1664 – 1745), and (5) ANTHONY POTTER JR2 (ca. 1667 – 1756), and his two twin daughters, ELIZABETH POTTER KIMBALL2 (ca. 1661 – 1723) and LYDIA POTTER PUTNAM2 (ca. 1661 – 1745). His two youngest sons, THOMAS POTTER2 (ca. 1664 – 1745) and ANTHONY POTTER JR2 (ca. 1667 – 1756), were residuary legatees. Mr. NATHANIEL RUST2 (1640 – 1713), Mr. JOSEPH GOODHUE1, and his "cousin", Mr. (Lieutenant) JOHN WHIPPLE1 (1632 - 1695), son of Uncle MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 (1588 – 1647) and Aunt ANN HAWKINS 242 WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – ca. 1643), were appointed “overseers” of his estate. [Author's Note: Since *ANTHONY POTTER1's brother-in-law, Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1625 – 1683), son of Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669)), died earlier in 1683, this reference to his "cousin" must be in reference to either: (1) 58 year old Lieutenant JOHN WHIPPLE1 (1632 – 1695), the eldest son of his Uncle MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 (1588 – 1647), brother of his possible stepfather, Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669); also, 58 year old Cousin Lieutenant JOHN WHIPPLE1’s (1632 – 1695) mother was Aunt ANN HAWKINS WHIPPLE0, the sister of SARAH HAWKINS COPPIN WHIPPLE0 (ca. 1605 – 1662) who was the second wife of Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) and may have been *ANTHONY POTTER1’s (ca. 1628 – 1690) mother; or, CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 340

(2) it could have been in reference to Captain JOHN WHIPPLE JR1’s (1625 – 1683) eldest son, the much younger 33 year old Major JOHN WHIPPLE III2 (1657 - 1722), though unlikely. Also, this reference to "cousin" indicates how close *ANTHONY POTTER1 was to the WHIPPLE family and further supports the supposition that Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1596 – 1669) may have been his stepfather and raised *ANTHONY1 as part of the family. *ANTHONY1's marriage to ELIZABETH WHIPPLE1 (1627 – 1648) makes even more sense since they probably grew up in the same household together and developed a natural affection for one another.]

Table 52: The Pedigree of the JOHN WHIPPLEs of Bocking, Essex, England and Ipswich, Massachusetts. Gen. Pedigree -3 THOMAS WHIPPLE-3 (1475 – 1535) of Bishop’s Stortford, Hertfordshire, England. -2 THOMAS WHIPPLE-2 (1510 - 1577) of Braintree, Essex, England. -1 MATTHEW WHIPPLE-1 (ca. 1550/60 – 1619) – “the clothier” of Braintree/Bocking, Essex, England. 0 MATTHEW WHIPPLE0 Elder JOHN WHIPPLE0 (1588 – 1647) – “the Elder” (1596 – 1669) 1 Lt. JOHN WHIPPLE1 Capt. JOHN WHIPPLE JR1 (1632 – 1695) (1625 – 1683) 2 Capt. JOHN WHIPPLE2 Major JOHN WHIPPLE III2 (1660 – 1722) (1657 – 1722) 3 Capt. JOHN WHIPPLE3 None. (1695 – 1769) Note: The popular use of the name JOHN in the WHIPPLE families in Ipswich, Massachusetts during the 17th and 18th centuries has made it difficult for genealogists to sort out the information about them.

Mr. NATHANIEL RUST2 (1640 – 1713) was the son of HENRY RUST1 and he was a close friend and at one time the nearby neighbor of 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690). He owned over eight acres near the South Green. His house and barn were located on the land where the South Church in Ipswich now stands. A “Glover” by trade, NATHANIEL RUST2 (1640 – 1713) also owned and operated a tan yard with buildings on one acre of land south of Saltonstall’s Brook bounded by the brook and the street. He was ordered by the town of Ipswich to furnish pairs of gloves for the popular Reverend THOMAS COBBETT0’s (1608 – 1685) (who died on November 5, 1685) funeral in November, 1685. NATHANIEL RUST2 (1640 –

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1713) would later be appointed Quartermaster of the disastrous September/October, 1690 Canada Expedition during "King William's War." As their legacy, 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) and 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 - 1712) had seven (7) children between 1652 and 1667 who would produce sixty (60) grandchildren. However, eleven (11) of their sixty (60) grandchildren would not live to adulthood. 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) was probably buried in the "Old Burying Ground" on High Street in Ipswich, Massachusetts. There were no cemetery markers at that time or they were constructed of wood and have long disappeared, so the exact location of his grave is unknown. No gravestone marks his grave but he is probably buried near the marked grave of his second wife, 7X Great Grandmother *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 - 1712), in the right front easternmost corner of the "Old Burying Ground" in Ipswich, Massachusetts. His first wife, ELIZABETH WHIPPLE POTTER1 (1627 – 1648), reportedly was buried in the yard of his first homestead located between the present Market, Union, and Saltonstall (Winter) Streets in Ipswich, Massachusetts. In early New England, corpses were hurried into the ground with little ceremony. Burials often occurred late in the day, very near to sunset. The grave was marked by a simple granite rock, or a rough wooden paling. The funeral itself was a separate occasion – a sermon in which the minister made a point of not exaggerating the virtues of the dead. Outward displays of grief were generally discouraged.

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NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE (1804 - 1864) (image at right), a direct descendant of 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) [See: “CHAPTER 3: *THOMAS POTTER”], in his book, “The Scarlet Letter (1850),” gives us the most insightful look at our earliest Puritan Ancestors which fits our family’s earliest ancestor:

"It is now nearly two centuries and a quarter (now over three and one-half centuries) since the original Briton, the earliest emigrant of my name (*ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690)), made his appearance in the wild and forest-bordered settlement (Ipswich), which has since become a city. And here his descendants have been born and died, and have mingled their earthly substance with the soil; until no small portion of it must necessarily be akin to the mortal frame wherewith, for a little while, I walk the streets. In part, therefore, the attachment which I speak of is the mere sensuous sympathy of dust for dust. Few of my countrymen can know what it is; nor, as frequent transplantation is perhaps better for the stock, need they consider it desirable to know. But the sentiment has likewise its moral quality. The figure of that first ancestor (*ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690)), invested by family tradition with a dim and dusky grandeur, was present to my boyish imagination, as far back as I can remember. It still haunts me, and induces a sort of home-feeling with the past, which I scarcely claim in reference to the present phase of the town. I seem to have a stronger claim to a residence here (in Ipswich) on account of this grave, bearded, sable- cloaked, and steeple-crowned progenitor, - who came so early, with his Bible and his sword, and trode the unworn street with such a stately port, and made so large a figure, as a man of war and peace, - a stronger claim than for myself, whose name is seldom heard and my face hardly known. He was a soldier, legislator, judge; he was a ruler in the Church; he had all the Puritanic traits, both good and evil. He was likewise a bitter persecutor; as witness the Quakers, who have remembered him in their histories, and relate an incident of his hard severity towards a woman of their sect, which will last longer, it is to be feared, than any record of his better deeds, although these were many. His son, too, inherited the persecuting spirit, and made himself so conspicuous in the martyrdom of the witches, that their blood may fairly be said to have left a stain upon him. So deep a stain, indeed, that his old dry bones, in the (Old Burying Ground on High Street in Ipswich), must still retain it, if they have not crumbled utterly to dust! I know not whether these ancestors of mine bethought themselves to repent, and ask pardon of Heaven for their cruelties; or whether they are CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 343

now groaning under the heavy consequences of them, in another state of being. At all events, I, the present writer, as their representative, hereby take shame upon myself for their sakes, and pray that any curse incurred by them - as I have heard, and as the dreary and unprosperous condition of the race, for many a long year back, would argue to exist - may be now and henceforth removed." <<<

Legacy of 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) 1st Generation 2nd Generation 3rd Generation *ANTHONY POTTER1 (circa 1628 – 1690) Born: circa 1628 – (?), Children: seven (7). Grandchildren: sixty (60). England. See below. See below. Died: circa March, 1690 – Ipswich, MA. Married (twice): (1) ELIZABETH WHIPPLE POTTER1 (1627 – 1648) Born: November 1, 1627 – Children: none. Grandchildren: none. Bocking, Essex, England. Died: December 15, 1648 – Ipswich, MA. Married: About 1647 – Ipswich, MA.

(2) *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 – 1712) Born: Bapt. March 6, 1629 Children: seven (7). Grandchildren: sixty (60). Nayland, Suffolk, See below. See below. England. Died: March 10, 1712 – Ipswich, MA. Married: About 1652 – Ipswich, MA.

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A. JOHN “the cooper” POTTER2 (1652/53 – 1718) Born: 1652 or 1653 – Children: six (6). Ipswich, MA. See below. Died: September 9, 1718 – Ipswich, MA. Married: twice. (1) SARAH FELLOWS Children: two (2). POTTER2 a. JOHN POTTER JR3 (1657- 1693) (1680 – 1724) Born: July 26, 1657 - cooper. Died: February 8, 1693 b. SARAH POTTER Married: 1677 - Ipswich, (RUST)(FELLOWS)3 Massachusetts. (1685 - 1725). (2) SARAH KIMBALL Children: four (4). POTTER2 a. ELIZABETH (1661 – 1724) POTTER (HARRIS)3 Born: July 29, 1661 – (1695 - 1720) Ipswich, MA (?) b. MARY POTTER Died: June 13, 1724 – (YORK)3 Ipswich, MA. (before 1696 - ? ) Married: ca. 1694 – c. AARON POTTER3 Ipswich, MA. (1699 – 1776) d. ESTHER POTTER3 ( ? – before 1718) B. EDMUND POTTER2 (1654/55 – 1702) Born: 1654 or 1655 – Ipswich, MA. Died: April 2, 1702 – Children: four (4). Ipswich, MA. See below. Last Will: proved on April 13, 1702 – Ipswich, MA. Married: twice. (1) ABIGAIL WELLS Children: four (4). POTTER2 a. ELIZABETH (1662 – ca. 1700) POTTER3 Born: 1662 – Ipswich, (1681 – before 1694) – Massachusetts. (?) died in childhood. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 345

Died: ca. 1700 – Ipswich, b. EDMUND POTTER Massachusetts (?) JR.3 (1683 – 1735) – Married: ca. 1680 – yeoman. Ipswich, MA (?) c. NATHANIEL POTTER3 (circa 1686 – 1754) d. ELIZABETH POTTER (DANE)3 (1694 – 1716) (2) JOHANNA TUTTLE BISHOP PICKARD POTTER (WHIPPLE)2 (1664 – 1701) Children: none. Born: September 24, 1664 – Ipswich, MA. [None by EDMUND Died: After 1732 (?) – POTTER2; five (5) from Ipswich, MA. (?) previous marriage.] Married: Dec. 17, 1701 – Ipswich or Rowley, MA. C. *SAMUEL POTTER2 (1656/1657 – 1714) Born: 1656 or 1657 – Ipswich, MA. Died: Circa July, 1714 – Children: thirteen (13). Ipswich, MA. See below. Last Will: proved on August 2, 1714 – Ipswich, MA. Married: three (3) times. (1) *JOANNA WOOD Children: seven (7). POTTER2 a. DAVID POTTER3 – (1661 – ca. 1694) twin Born: December 14, 1661 (1685 – after 1714) – Ipswich, MA. b. SARAH POTTER3 – Died: ca. 1694 – Ipswich, twin Massachusetts. (?) (1685 – before 1714) Married: ca. 1684 – c. JOANNA POTTER Ipswich, MA. (?) (WHIPPLE)3 (1686 – after 1714) d. SAMUEL POTTER JR3 (ca. 1688 – 1747) CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 346

e. ELIZABETH POTTER (LORD)3 (ca. 1690 - ?) f. *THOMAS POTTER3 (1691 – 1753) g. HENRY POTTER3 (1694 – after 1714) (2) RUTH DUNTON Children: three (3). POTTER2 a. ANTHONY (1663 - 1705) POTTER3 Born: April 4, 1663 – (1696 – died young) Reading, MA. b. ESTHER POTTER3 Died: July 8, 1705 – (1700 – 1702) - infant. Ipswich, MA. c. EZEKIEL POTTER3 Married: April 18, 1694 – (1703 – 1704) - infant. Ipswich, MA. (3) SARAH CHILSON Children: three (3). BURNELL POTTER2 a. ESTHER (HESTER) (1673 - 1737) POTTER3 Born: June 4, 1673 – (1706 – after 1714) Lynn, MA. b. LYDIA POTTER Died: October 5, 1737 – (HOWLETT) Ipswich, MA. (BROWN)3 Married: Dec. 4, 1705 – (1710 – after 1750) Ipswich, MA. c. ABIGAIL POTTER (HOOD)3 (1713 – 1758) D. ELIZABETH Children: seven (7). POTTER KIMBALL2 a. THOMAS (ca. 1659 – 1723) KIMBALL3 Born: ca. 1659 – Ipswich, (ca. 1683 - ? ) Massachusetts. b. DANIEL KIMBALL3 Died: December 4/24, (ca. 1684 - ? ) 1723 – Wenham, c. RICHARD Massachusetts. KIMBALL3 Married: ca. 1681 – (1686 – 1717) Wenham, MA. d. ELIZABETH Husband: KIMBALL3 THOMAS KIMBALL2 ( ? - 1699) (1657 – 1732) CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 347

Born: November 12, 1657 e. LYDIA KIMBALL – Wenham, MA. (BEST)3 (1695 - ? ) Died: 1732 f. EDMUND Last Will: proved KIMBALL3 Oct. 16, 1732. (1699 – 1768) g. PAUL KIMBALL3 (1703 – 1755) E. LYDIA POTTER Children: twelve (12). PUTNAM2 a. LYDIA PUTNAM (circa 1661 - 1745) (FLINT)3 Born: ca. 1661 – Ipswich, (1684 - 1711) Massachusetts. b. ELIZABETH Died: April 8, 1745 – PUTNAM (PORTER) Salem Village (HUTCHINSON)3 (Danvers), MA. (1687 – 1728) Married: About 1683 – c. RUTH PUTNAM3 Ipswich or (1689 – 1700) Salem Village, MA. – almost 11 yrs. old. 2nd wife of: d. SUSANNA JONATHAN PUTNAM2 PUTNAM3 (circa 1659 – 1739) (1690 - ? ) Born: March 17, 1659 – e. JONATHAN Roxbury, MA. PUTNAM JR3 Died: March 2, 1739 – (1691 - 1732) Salem Village f. ESTHER PUTNAM (Danvers), MA. (MARBLE)3 at 81 years of age. (1693 - ? ) g. JEREMIAH PUTNAM3 (ca. 1695 - ? ) - died as infant. h. JERUSHA PUTNAM3 (1696/97 – 1697) – died as infant. i. JOSHUA PUTNAM3 (ca. 1697 - ? ) – died as infant. j. DAVID PUTNAM3 (ca. 1699 - ? ) – died as infant. CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 348

k. JERUSHA PUTNAM3 (1700 – 1706 or 1716) – almost 6 or 16 yrs. l. DAVID PUTNAM3 (1706 - ? ) F. THOMAS POTTER2 Children: eight (8). (ca. 1664 – 1745) a. MARY POTTER Born: ca. 1664 – Ipswich, (FULLER)3 Massachusetts. (1697 - ? ) Died: March 3, 1745 – b. THOMAS POTTER Ipswich, MA. JR3 (1698 – 1749) Married: June 16, 1696 – c. ANNA POTTER3 Ipswich, MA. (1700 – 1763) Wife: - never married. MARY KIMBALL d. LYDIA POTTER POTTER2 (KIMBALL)3 (ca. 1671 - ? ) (1702 – 1759) Born: ca. 1671 – e. ROBERT POTTER3 unknown town? (1704 – 1777) - tailor. Died: unknown. f. JABISH POTTER3 ( ? - after 1730) g. JACOB POTTER3 (1711 - ? ) h. ABIGAIL POTTER3 ( ? - 1758) G. ANTHONY POTTER Children: ten (10). JR2 (ca. 1667 – 1756) a. MARTHA POTTER3 - Deacon (1697 – 1697/98) Born: ca. 1667 – Ipswich, - infant. Massachusetts. b. DANIEL POTTER3 Died: May 17, 1756 – (1698 – 1770) Ipswich, MA. c. MARTHA POTTER Married: July 11, 1695 – (RINGE)3 (1700 - ? ) Ipswich, MA. d. ELIZABETH Wife: POTTER MARTHA DRESSER (KIMBALL)3 POTTER2 (1702 - before 1752) (1671 – 1728) e. DAVID POTTER3 Born: August 1, 1671 – – twin Rowley, MA. (1703 – before 1749) CHAPTER 1: *ANTHONY POTTER Page 349

Died: September 5, 1728 never married. – Ipswich, MA. f. JONATHAN POTTER3 – twin; weaver. (1703 – 1761) never married. g. RICHARD POTTER3 (1705 – 1789) - yeoman. h. SARAH POTTER3 (1707 - ? ) - never married. i. RUTH POTTER (MANNING)3 (1709 – 1791) j. HANNAH POTTER (NEWMARCH)3 (1710/11 - after 1732)

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“The American History of a POTTER Family” Series of Books by Wilburn Metcalf Potter10 (1946 - ? ) Vol. Title Years I. Chapter 1: *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) ca. 1285 - 1690 II. Chapter 2: *SAMUEL POTTER2 (ca. 1657 - 1714) 1690 - 1714 Chapter 3: *THOMAS POTTER3 (1691 - 1753) 1714 - 1753 Chapter 4: Deacon *ANTHONY POTTER4 1753 - 1791 (1724 - 1791) III. Chapter 5: *ELIJAH POTTER5 (1770 - 1844) 1791 - 1844 Chapter 6: *GILBERT POTTER6 (1811 - 1862) 1844 – 1862 IV. Chapter 7: *ALGERNON SIDNEY POTTER7 1862 - 1893 (1841 - 1893) Appendix 7A: *GRANT Pedigree ca.1605 – present V. Chapter 8: *ALBERT LINCOLN POTTER8 1893 - 1930 (1874 - 1930) Appendix 8A: Music of *BERT POTTER8 1904 - 1917 Appendix 8B: Boston City Directories 1800 - 1935 VI. Chapter 9: *KENNETH DODGE POTTER9 1930 - 1976 (1906 - 1976) Appendix 9A: Bunker Hill Taxicab Company ca. 1930 - 1976 VII. Chapter 10: *WILBURN METCALF POTTER10 1976 - present (1946 - ? ) VIII. Appendix A: *HANCOCK Pedigree ca.1655 - present Appendix B: *HORE-*HOAR-*HORR Pedigree 1093 – present Appendix C: *WIGHT Pedigree 1274 - present IX. Appendix D: *CHILDS Pedigree 1730 - present Appendix E: *METCALF Pedigree ca. 990 - present Appendix F: *CHILDS - *METCALF Cemetery Guide X. Appendix G: Family Name Index Appendix H: Cemetery Guide

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Miscellaneous Books by *WILBURN METCALF POTTER10 (1946 - ? ) No. Title Years 1. The Seaman’s Journals of Captain *LEONARD 1860 - 1877 SAMUEL GRANT6 (1812 – 1880) 2. An Anthology of the Music of *BERT POTTER8 1904 - 1917 Published from 1904 to 1917.

END NOTES

1. Charles Edward Potter, Editor, GENEALOGIES of the POTTER FAMILIES and THEIR DESCENDANTS IN AMERICA to the Present Generation, with Historical and Biographical Sketches, (Boston: Alfred Mudge & Son, Printers, 24 Franklin Street, 1888), PART 1, p. 1. 2. J. Gardner Bartlett, “Gregory Stone Genealogy: Ancestry and Descendants of Deacon Gregory Stone of Cambridge, Mass., 1320 – 1917”, (Boston, 1918), p. 65. 3. Frederick Lewis Gay, "Descendants of ANTHONY POTTER of Ipswich and Reading, Mass. and miscellaneous Potter notes", manuscript from the estate of Frederick Lewis Gay, Brookline, Mass. Not dated, kept in safe between boards at the New England Historic Genealogical Society, 101 Newbury St., Boston, Mass. 02116. 4. Charles Edward Potter, op. cit., Introduction, p. 2. 5. Charles Edward Potter, op. cit., Introduction, p. 2. 6. Standard History of ESSEX COUNTY, Massachusetts, (Boston: C.F. Jewett & Company, 1878), p. 201. 7. David Grayson Allen, “In English Ways, The Movement of Societies and the Transferal of English Local Law and Custom to Massachusetts Bay in the Seventeenth Century", (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1981), p. 117. 8. David Grayson Allen, Ibid, p. 131. 9. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., pp. 130, 198, and 276. 10. “The New-England Historical and Genealogical REGISTER (NEHGR)”, (Boston, Massachusetts: 1902), Volume LVI, pp. 270 - 276. 11. Henry Burdette Whipple, “A Partial List of the Descendants of MATTHEW WHIPPLE, THE ELDER, OF BOCKING, ESSEX COUNTY, ENGLAND”, (High Point, North Carolina: October 1965) Volume I, pp. 4 & 6. 12. Abraham Hammatt, "The Early Inhabitants of Ipswich, Mass. 1633 - 1700", The Hammatt Papers No. 1, 1854. (Ipswich, Mass.: Printed quarterly in the 1880 Press Ipswich Antiquarian Papers; A. Caldwell and A. W. Dow), pp. 408 and 409. 13. Bartlett, op. cit., p. 65.

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14. Gary Boyd Roberts, “English Origins of NEW ENGLAND FAMILIES”, From The New England Historical and Genealogical Register, Second Series in Three Volumes, VOLUME III, Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc., Baltimore, (1985), p. 139. 15. Robert S. Duggan, Jr., “Walter atte Stone Descendants Compiled 28 Jul 2006 by Robert S. Duggan, Jr.”, internet posting. 16. Dr. William Wyman Fiske (of Cape Cod, Massachusetts), “Clarke and Stacy Origins of Three Immigrants to Ipswich, Massachusetts: Simon and Elizabeth (Clarke) Stacy and Her Sister SusannaClarke) Whipple”, The New England Historical and Genealogical Register (January 2006 Issue, Vol. 160, No. 637). 17. Notes. 18. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., pp. 148 and 153 (footnote #52). 19. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., p. 198. 20. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., p. 198. 21. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., pp. 151, 193, and 287. 22. Bartlett, op. cit., p. 65. 23. “AMERICAN SERIES OF POPULAR BIOGRAPHIES – Massachusetts Edition”. This volume contains Biographical Sketches of Representative Citizens of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. (Boston: Graves & Steinbarger, Publishers, 15 Court Square, 1901), p. 746. 24. Notes. 25. David Hackett Fischer, “ALBION’S SEED, Four British Folkways In America”, (New York and : Oxford University Press, 1989) pp. 93 - 97. 26. Bartlett, op. cit., p. 65. 27. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., pp. 151, 193, 198, and 287. 28. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., pp. 123, 198, 200, and 287. 27. J. Gardner Bartlett, “Gregory Stone Genealogy: Ancestry and Descendants of Deacon Gregory Stone of Cambridge, Mass., 1320 – 1917”, (Boston, 1918), p. 43. 30. Bartlett, op. cit., church photograph on frontispiece and p.10. 31. Bartlett, op. cit., p. 12. 32. “AMERICAN SERIES OF POPULAR BIOGRAPHIES – Massachusetts Edition”, op. cit., p. 746. 31. Frederick Adams Virkus, Editor, “THE COMPENDIUM OF AMERICAN GENEALOGY”, The Standard Genealogical Encyclopedia of THE FIRST FAMILIES OF AMERICA, Volume VI, (1937), The Institute of American Genealogy, 440 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois, p. 402. 34. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., p. 119. 35. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., pp. 119, 130-131, 138, 194-197, and 269-279. 36. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., p. 131. 37. “POTTER FAMILY HISTORY”, American Genealogical Research Institute, (Washington, D.C.: Heritage Press, Inc., 1977) p. 4. 38. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., p. 196. 39. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., p. 185. 40. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., p. 189. 41. “Towns of New England and Old England, Ireland, and Scotland - Part II”, (Boston, Massachusetts: State Street Trust Company, 1921), p. 55.

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42. Edmund S. Morgan, “The Puritan Dilemma - The Story of John Winthrop”, (Boston & Toronto: Little, Brown and Company, 1958), p. 3. 43. “PATHWAYS OF THE PURITANS”, compiled by Mrs. N. S. Bell for the Massachusetts Bay Colony Tercentenary Commission, Old America Company, Publishers, Framingham, Massachusetts (Printed in U.S.A., The Plimpton Press, Norwood, Massachusetts, 1930) p. 169. 44. “Antiquarian Papers”, (Volume II, No. XIV, Ipswich, Mass., December, 1880), p. 1. 45. Nigel Nicolson and Alasdair Hawkyard, “The Counties of BRITAIN -A Tudor Atlas by John Speed”, (New York: Thames and Hudson, 500 Fifth Avenue, 1989), pp. 77 - 80 and 165 - 168. 46. “PATHWAYS OF THE PURITANS”, op. cit., p.184. 47. “Standard History of ESSEX COUNTY, Massachusetts”, op. cit., p. 202. 48. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., p. 275. 49. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., p. 197. 50. “AMERICAN SERIES OF POPULAR BIOGRAPHIES – Massachusetts Edition”, op. cit., p. 251. 51. “Standard History of ESSEX COUNTY, Massachusetts”, op. cit., p. 201. 52. “AMERICAN SERIES OF POPULAR BIOGRAPHIES – Massachusetts Edition”, op. cit., pp. 251 – 252. 53. “Towns of NEW ENGLAND and Old England, Ireland, and Scotland - Part II”, op. cit., pp. 95 - 96. 54. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., pp. 125 and 198. 55. Charles Edward Banks, “THE PLANTERS OF THE COMMONWEALTH – A Study of the Emigrants and Emigration in Colonial Times: to which are added Lists of Passengers to Boston and to the Bay Colony; the Ships which brought them; their English Homes, and the Places of their Settlement in Massachusetts (1620 - 1640)”, (Boston: The Riverside Press for Houghton Mifflin Company in Park Street near the Common, 1930), pp. 18 and 79. 56. Samuel Eliot Morison, “BUILDERS OF THE BAY COLONY”, (A Classics Edition, Northeastern University Press, Boston, First Northeastern Edition, 1981), (Reprint: Originally published: Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1930, Copyright Renewed 1958) p. 221. 57. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., pp. 19, 20, and 198. 58. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., pp. 164 and 185. 59. Bartlett, op. cit., p. 65. 60. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., pp. 185 - 189. 61. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., pp. 190 - 194. 62. James Truslow Adams, “THE FOUNDING OF NEW ENGLAND”, (Boston: The Atlantic Monthly Press, 1921), pp. 121 - 122. 63. James Truslow Adams, op. cit., pp. 134 - 138. 64. Charles Edward Banks, op. cit., p. 87. 65. Ulysses S. Grant, “PERSONAL MEMOIRS of U.S.GRANT”, (New York: The Century Co., 1895) Volume One, pp. 1 - 2. 66. Charles Edward Banks, op. cit., pp. 85 - 87. 67. “Standard History of ESSEX COUNTY, Massachusetts”, op. cit., p. 200. 68. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., p. 199 - 200. 69. “Standard History of ESSEX COUNTY, Massachusetts”, op. cit., p. 201.

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70. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., p. 184. 71. “Towns of NEW ENGLAND and Old England, Ireland, and Scotland - Part II”, op. cit., p. 95. 72. “Standard History of ESSEX COUNTY, Massachusetts”, op. cit., p. 202. 73. Edmund S. Morgan, op. cit., p. 169. 74. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., p. 13. 75. Frances Diane Robotti, “Chronicles of Old Salem - A History in Miniature”, (New York: Bonanza Books, a division of Crown Publishers, Inc., 1948), p. 18. 76. Charles Edward Banks, op. cit., pp. 150 - 151. 77. Charles Edward Potter, op. cit., Introduction, p. 1. 78. Bartlett, op. cit., p. 65. 79. “AMERICAN SERIES OF POPULAR BIOGRAPHIES – Massachusetts Edition”, op. cit., pp. 530 and 746. 80. Charles Edward Banks, op. cit., pp. 154 - 156. 81. Charles Edward Potter, op. cit., Introduction, p. 1. 82. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., pp. 123, 151, 193, 198, and 287 (Appendix 5). 83. “Ipswich In The Massachusetts Bay Colony, Volume I: 1633 – 1700”, By Thomas Franklin Waters, President of the Ipswich Historical Society, (The Ipswich Historical Society, Ipswich, Massachusetts, 1905) p. 93. 84. “Ipswich In The Massachusetts Bay Colony, Volume I: 1633 – 1700”, op. cit., p. 97. 85. “Standard History of ESSEX COUNTY, Massachusetts”, op. cit., p. 201. 84. “Standard History of ESSEX COUNTY, Massachusetts”, op. cit., p. 201. 87. Charles Edward Banks, op. cit., pp. x - xi and 99 - 100. 88. “Standard History of ESSEX COUNTY, Massachusetts”, op. cit., p. 201. 89. “Standard History of ESSEX COUNTY, Massachusetts”, op. cit., p. 201. 90. Bartlett, op. cit., p. 65. 91. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., p. 119 - 120. 92. “Standard History of ESSEX COUNTY, Massachusetts”, op. cit., p. 203. 93. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., p. 195. 94. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., pp. 195 and 274. 95. Henry F. Howe, “MASSACHUSETTS: There She Is - Behold Her”, (New York: Harper Brothers, 1960), pp. 42, 43, 48, and 49. 96. “Standard History of ESSEX COUNTY, Massachusetts”, op. cit., p. 201. 97. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., pp. 129 -131. 98. “AMERICAN SERIES OF POPULAR BIOGRAPHIES – Massachusetts Edition”, op. cit., p. 746. 99. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., p. 21. 100. “Ipswich In The Massachusetts Bay Colony, Volume I: 1633 – 1700”, op. cit., pp. 324 – 325 and map (Diagram No. 1) p. 318. 101. Samuel Eliot Morison, op. cit., pp. 65, 69, 223, 235, and 320. 102. Samuel Eliot Morison, op. cit., pp. 65, 108, 320, and 321. 103. David Hackett Fischer, op. cit., family tree between pp. 40 and 41. 104. “PATHWAYS OF THE PURITANS”, op. cit., pp. 95 - 97. 105. “Antiquarian Papers”, (Volume I, No. 3, Ipswich, Mass., December, 1879), p. ?

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106. “Antiquarian Papers”, (Volume II, No. XIV, Ipswich, Mass., December, 1880), p. ? 107. Samuel Eliot Morison, op. cit., pp. 242 - 243. 108. Ipswich Historical Society, Ipswich, Massachusetts. (Notes taken during a visit to the Ipswich Historical Society in Ipswich, Massachusetts on May 8, 1981.) 109. Edmund S. Morgan, op. cit., pp. 6 - 7. 110. Abraham Hammatt, op. cit., p. 267. 111. “Ipswich In The Massachusetts Bay Colony, Volume I: 1633 – 1700”, op. cit., p. 326 and map (Diagram No. 1) p. 318. 112. “Antiquarian Papers”, (Volume III, No. XXXVII, Ipswich, Mass., June, 1883), p. ? 113. Frederick Lewis Gay, op. cit., p. 1. 114. “Ipswich In The Massachusetts Bay Colony, Volume I: 1633 – 1700”, op. cit., p. 494. 115. “Standard History of ESSEX COUNTY, Massachusetts”, op. cit., p. 201. 116. Abraham Hammatt, op. cit., p. 267. 117. “Standard History of ESSEX COUNTY, Massachusetts”, op. cit., p. 203. 118. Ipswich Historical Society, Ipswich, Massachusetts. (Notes taken during a visit to the Ipswich Historical Society in Ipswich, Massachusetts on May 8, 1981.) 119. Charles Edward Potter, op. cit., Part 1, p. 1. 120. Bartlett, op. cit., p. 65. 114. Gary Boyd Roberts, “English Origins of New England Families from The New England Historical and Genealogical Register”, Second Series in Three Volumes, Volume III. (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 1985), p. 8. 122. “Essex County Court Files”, printed vol. 1, p. 304. 123. Samuel Eliot Morison, op. cit. pp. 162, 163, and 171. 124. Bartlett, op. cit., p. 65. 125. Abraham Hammatt, op. cit., p. 268. 126. Agnes Edwards, “THE ROMANTIC SHORE”, (Salem, Massachusetts: The Salem Press Company, 1915), p. 126. 127. “Ipswich In The Massachusetts Bay Colony, Volume I: 1633 – 1700”, op. cit., pp. 38 - 42. 128. Charles Edward Potter, op. cit., Part 1, p. 1. 129. Bartlett, op. cit., p. 65. 130. Bartlett, op. cit., p. 65. 131. Charles Edward Potter, op. cit., Part 1, p. 1. 132. Essex Antiquarian, Vol. XIII, Salem, Massachusetts, (January, 1909), Salem Court Records and Files, p. 31. 133. “PATHWAYS OF THE PURITANS”, op. cit., pp. 95 - 97. 134. Bartlett, op. cit., p. 65. 135. Charles Edward Potter, op. cit., Part 1, p. 1. 136. Abraham Hammatt, op. cit., p. 267. 137. Abraham Hammatt, op. cit., p. 267. 138. Frederick Lewis Gay, op. cit., p. 1. 139. “Ipswich In The Massachusetts Bay Colony, Volume I: 1633 – 1700”, op. cit., p. 326. 140. Bartlett, op. cit., p. 65. 141. Charles Edward Potter, op. cit., Part 1, p. 1.

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142. “Ipswich In The Massachusetts Bay Colony, Volume I: 1633 – 1700”, op. cit., p. 475 and map (Diagram No. 4) p. 445 and map (Diagram No. 5) p. 477. 143. “Ipswich In The Massachusetts Bay Colony, Volume I: 1633 – 1700”, op. cit., p. 489. 144. Charles Edward Potter, op. cit., Part 1, p. 24. 145. Charles Edward Potter, op. cit., Part 1, p. 24. 146. “Ipswich In The Massachusetts Bay Colony, Volume I: 1633 – 1700”, op. cit., map, p.489. 147. Charles Edward Potter, op. cit., Part 1, p. 24. 148. “Ipswich In The Massachusetts Bay Colony, Volume I: 1633 – 1700”, op. cit., pp. 475 – 476 and map (Diagram 4) p. 445. 149. “Ipswich In The Massachusetts Bay Colony, Volume II: 1700 – 1917”, By Thomas Franklin Waters, President of the Ipswich Historical Society, (The Ipswich Historical Society, Ipswich, Massachusetts, 1917) pp. 711 - 713. 150. Frederick Lewis Gay, op. cit., p. 1. 151. “Ipswich In The Massachusetts Bay Colony, Volume II: 1700 – 1917”, op. cit., p. 711. 152. “Ipswich In The Massachusetts Bay Colony, Volume II: 1700 – 1917”, op. cit., p. 711 – 713. 153. “Ipswich In The Massachusetts Bay Colony, Volume II: 1700 – 1917”, op. cit., p. 713 with photograph on facing page. 154. “Antiquarian Papers”, (Volume II, No. XIV, Ipswich, Mass., December, 1880), pp. 1 - 2. 155. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., p. 272. 156. Alvin G. Weeks, “MASSASOIT of the WAMPANOAGS”, Privately Printed 1919 by Alvin G. Weeks, Fall River, Mass., The Plimpton Press, Norwood, Mass., U.S.A. 157. Henry Burdette Whipple, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 1. 158. George Francis Marlowe, “COACHING ROADS OF OLD NEW ENGLAND - Their Inns and Taverns and Their Stories”, (New York: The MacMillan Company, 1945), p. 167 with pencil sketch of "The Old Whipple House, Ipswich" on p. 165. 159. “PATHWAYS OF THE PURITANS”, op. cit., pp. 95 - 97. 160. “Essex County Historical and Genealogical REGISTER”, op. cit., Vol. 2, pp. 99 - 100. 161. Bartlett, op. cit., p. 65. 162. Charles Edward Potter, op. cit., Part 1, p. 1. 163. Abraham Hammatt, op. cit., p. 267. 164. “ANCESTRY OF CHARLES DEAN KIMBALL, 1827 – 1864”, Lillian G. Kimball Stewart Collection, Volume I, (Records presented by: Oshkosh Chapter, National Society of Daughters of the American Revolution (NSDAR), Mrs. Harry S. Mallery, Regent; arranged by Katie-Prince Esker, Secretary, Genealogical Records Committee, 1945 – 1946) pp. 10 and 11. 165. Bartlett, op. cit., p. 65. 166. Charles Edward Potter, op. cit., Part 1, p. 1. 167. Frederick Lewis Gay, op. cit., p. 1. 168. “Antiquarian Papers”, (Volume III, No. XXVIII, Ipswich, Mass., February, 1882), p. ?

169. Joseph B. Felt, “History of Ipswich, Essex, and Hamilton”, (Cambridge: Printed By Charles Folsom, 1834) p. 142.

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170. “Essex County Historical and Genealogical REGISTER”, (Ipswich, Mass.: M. Van B. Perley, Publisher, 1894), Vol. 2, pp. 99 - 100. 171. “Ipswich In The Massachusetts Bay Colony, Volume I: 1633 – 1700”, op. cit., p. 325. 172. Frederick Lewis Gay, op. cit., p. 1. 173. Bartlett, op. cit., p. 65. 174. “AMERICAN SERIES OF POPULAR BIOGRAPHIES – Massachusetts Edition”, op. cit., p. 746. 175. Paul Boyer & Stephen Nissenbaum, “Salem Possessed, The Social Origins of Witchcraft”, (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England, 1974; Eighteenth Printing, 1994) pp. 123, 124, 125, & 126. 176. Sherman L. Whipple and Thomas Franklin Waters, “PURITAN HOMES”, (Publications of the Ipswich Historical Society XXVII, Ipswich, Massachusetts, 1929) p. 58. 177. “Ipswich In The Massachusetts Bay Colony, Volume I: 1633 – 1700”, op. cit., pp. 348 – 349 and map (Diagram No. 2) p. 338. 178. Charles Edward Potter, op. cit., Part 1, p. 24. 179. “Ipswich In The Massachusetts Bay Colony, Volume I: 1633 – 1700”, op. cit., pp. 345 – 348 and map (Diagram No. 2) p. 338. 180. “Ipswich In The Massachusetts Bay Colony, Volume I: 1633 – 1700”, op. cit., map p. 343 and 349. 181. George Francis Marlowe, op. cit., pp. 167 - 168. 182. Charles Edward Potter, op. cit., Part 1, p. 24. 183. “Ipswich In The Massachusetts Bay Colony, Volume I: 1633 – 1700”, op. cit., maps, pp. 343 and 349. 184. “Ipswich In The Massachusetts Bay Colony, Volume I: 1633 – 1700”, op. cit., pp. 348 – 350 and map (Diagram No. 2) p. 339 and ancient 1717 map p. 343 and p. 349. 185. Map from the Ipswich Chamber of Commerce, P.O. Box 456, Ipswich, MA 01938. (August,1990). 186. Frederick Lewis Gay, op. cit., p. 1. 187. “Antiquarian Papers”, (Volume III, No. XXXVII, Ipswich, Mass., June, 1883), p. ? 188. “Ipswich In The Massachusetts Bay Colony, Volume I: 1633 – 1700”, op. cit., p. 348. 189. Bartlett, op. cit., p. 65. 190. Paul Boyer & Stephen Nissenbaum, op. cit. pp. 124, 125 and 126. 191. Douglas Edward Leach, “FLINTLOCK AND TOMAHAWK, New England In King Philip’s War”, The Norton Library, W. W. Norton & Company Inc., New York, (1958), First Published in the Norton Library 1966. 192. Frances Diane Robotti, “Chronicles of Old Salem”, Bonanza Books, New York (1948) p. 32. 193. George Madison Bodge, A. B., “SOLDIERS IN KING PHILIP’S WAR, Being A Critical Account Of That War With A Concise History Of The Indian Wars Of New England From 1620 – 1677”, (Third Edition, Printed For The Author, Boston, Massachusetts, 1906) pp. 282 and 283. 194. “Ipswich In The Massachusetts Bay Colony, Volume I: 1633 – 1700”, op. cit., p. 223. 195. “Standard History of ESSEX COUNTY, Massachusetts”, op. cit., p. 204. 196. George Madison Bodge, op. cit., p. 82 and 83.

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197. George Madison Bodge, op. cit., p. 82. 198. “Ipswich In The Massachusetts Bay Colony, Volume I: 1633 – 1700”, op. cit., p. 222. 199. George Madison Bodge, op. cit., pp. 282 and 283. 200. Abraham Hammatt, op. cit., p. 407. 201. “Ipswich In The Massachusetts Bay Colony, Volume I: 1633 – 1700”, op. cit., Whipple House photographs, pp. 325 and 327. 202. “PATHWAYS OF THE PURITANS”, op. cit., pp. 95 - 97 with Whipple House photographs between pp. 94 - 95 and 96 - 97. 203. “Ipswich In The Massachusetts Bay Colony, Volume I: 1633 - 1700”, op. cit., pp. 358 - 361 with facsimile of petition showing signatures between pp. 360 and 361. 204. “Ipswich In The Massachusetts Bay Colony, Volume I: 1633 – 1700”, op. cit., pp. 91 - 98. 205. “Ipswich In The Massachusetts Bay Colony, Volume I: 1633 – 1700”, op. cit., pp. 91 - 93. 206. Charles Edward Potter, op. cit., Part 1, p. 1. 207. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., Appendix 4, p. 276. 208. “Standard History of ESSEX COUNTY, Massachusetts”, op. cit., p. 201. 209. Charles Edward Potter, op. cit., Part 1, p. 1. 210. Bartlett, op. cit., p. 65. 211. Charles Edward Potter, op. cit., Part 1, p. 1. 212. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., pp. 130, 131, 196, 272, & 283. 213. Robert D. Dresser, “The Kimball Cousins”, (The Posterity of Frederick R. Kimball and Emma A. Pearl; also, A Brief History of the Kimball Family from Richard to Frederick; Ascutney, Vermont Chapter, National Society of Daughters of the American Revolution (NSDAR), November 9, 1966) p. 4. 214. Charles Edward Potter, op. cit., Part 1, p. 4. 215. “Antiquarian Papers”, (Volume II, No. XIV, Ipswich, Mass., December, 1880), p. 2. 216. Gary Boyd Roberts, op. cit., p. 8. 217. Charles Edward Potter, op. cit., Part 1, p. 4. 218. Bartlett, op. cit., p. 65. 219. Charles Edward Potter, op. cit., Part 1, p. 1. 220. Doreen Potter Hanna and Louise Potter, “A POTTER – RICHARDSON MEMORIAL, the ancestral lines of William W. Potter of Michigan and his wife, Margaret (Richardson) Potter”, (compiled by: Doreen Potter Hanna and Louise Potter, Idaho State Chapter, National Society of Daughters of the American Revolution (NSDAR), January 29, 1969) pp. 287, 290, & 291. 221. Paul Boyer & Stephen Nissenbaum, op. cit., pp. 110 - 111. 222. Paul Boyer & Stephen Nissenbaum, op. cit., pp. 112 -115 & 150. 223. Paul Boyer & Stephen Nissenbaum, op. cit., pp. 112, 142, 143, and footnote 19 on p. 143. 224. Allen French, “The DAY of CONCORD and LEXINGTON, The Nineteenth of April, 1775”, (Concord, Massachusetts, January 26, 1925) Reprint, p. 25. 225. Richard M. Ketchum, “DECISIVE DAY, The Battle for Bunker Hill”, (Printed in the United States of America by American Heritage Publishing Co., Inc., 1962; reprint by Doubleday & Company, Inc., Garden City, New York, 1974) pp. 69 - 72 and p. 102. 226. Henry Burdette Whipple, op. cit., p. 9. 227. Notes?

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228. Thomas Franklin Waters, “THE JOHN WHIPPLE HOUSE In Ipswich, Mass. and the PEOPLE WHO HAVE OWNED AND LIVED IN IT”, (Publications of the Ipswich Historical Society XX, Printed for the Society, 1915) pp. 22 to 24. 229. Joseph B. Felt, op. cit., p. 142. 230. Charles Edward Potter, op. cit., Part 1, p. 1. 231. David Grayson Allen, op. cit., p. 287. 232. Charles Edward Potter, op. cit., Part 1, p. 6. 233. Charles Edward Potter, op. cit., Part 1, p. 1. 234. Charles Edward Potter, op. cit., Part 1, p. 4. 235. Charles Edward Potter, op. cit., Part 1, p. 6. 236. Henry Burdette Whipple, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 1. 237. Charles Edward Potter, op. cit., Part 1, p. 6. 238. Joseph B. Felt, op. cit., p. 142. 239. Frederick Lewis Gay, op. cit., p. 1. 240. Abraham Hammatt, op. cit., p. 267. 241. Frederick Lewis Gay, op. cit., p. 1. 242. Abraham Hammatt, op. cit., p. 267. - FINIS -

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The author, WILBURN METCALF POTTER10 (1946 - ? ) (on right):

Volume I of “The American History of a POTTER Family” is the first chapter of our family’s American history entitled “Chapter 1:

*ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690), Puritan, the First American, and Ipswich Cultivator of Fruit for the years ca. 1285 to 1690.” 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) was born in England about 1628. His parents and place of birth are unknown. About 1636, when he was just a boy about 8 years of age, he immigrated to the Massachusetts Bay Colony during the “Great Puritan Migration (1630 - 1640)” and settled in Ipswich, Massachusetts about 1637 where he married twice (ca. 1647 and ca. 1652) and raised his family of seven children, five sons and two daughters born between ca. 1652 and ca.

1667, all by his second wife, *ELIZABETH STONE POTTER1 (1629 – 1712). 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) made a comfortable living as cultivator of fruit and in 1661 acquired a large farm, “one of the best in the town,” of over sixteen acres on the southeast side of the Ipswich River (once called Mill River) located at 143 County Road (the Bay Road – Route 1A – the road to Salem) about a mile southeast of the Meeting House Green. Over the years he would continually expand his farm and orchards by purchasing adjoining lots.

In 1673, 7X Great Grandfather *ANTHONY POTTER1 (ca. 1628 – 1690) , a devout Puritan, purchased a dwelling house and half acre of land on the corner of Loney’s Lane, a little more than four rods (22 yards) across the street from the Ipswich Meeting House on North Main Street, where he would end his days. He died there in February or March 1690 at about 62 years of age. This book records the rich English heritage and early American history of the first POTTERs of our family to settle on these shores, a little about their lives and what brought them to America, and some of their patriotic contributions that have made our family proud and our country great!