UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA
GY 112: Earth History
Fossils 3: Taxonomy
Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Today’s Agenda
1) Linne (the Linnaean System) 2) Taxonomy ordering 3) Some examples (important beasties you will see in GY 112L)
(Web Lecture 12) Taxonomy
Yet another clever thinker! Carl von Linne (1707-1778) was Swedish naturalist who tried to make sense of the biological world around him.
Consider the problem of naming beasties. Taxonomy
Yet another clever thinker! Carl von Linne (1707-1778) was Swedish naturalist who tried to make sense of the biological world around him.
Consider the problem of naming beasties.
“Green Mussels”, nice steamed in white wine/butter sauce.
Taxonomy
Yet another clever thinker! Carl von Linne (1707-1778) was Swedish naturalist who tried to make sense of the biological world around him.
Consider the problem of naming beasties.
“Green Mussels”, nice steamed in white wine/butter sauce.
But there are PEI Green Mussels, New Zealand Green Mussels, Asian Green Mussels…. Taxonomy
Linne realized that there had to be some structure in naming beasties. He proposed one.
The Linnaean System: a binomial classification scheme based on Latin names.
Taxonomy
Linne realized that there had to be some structure in naming beasties. He proposed one.
The Linnaean System: a binomial classification scheme based on Latin names.
PEI Green Mussels = Perna viridis
Taxonomy
Linne realized that there had to be some structure in naming beasties. He proposed one.
The Linnaean System: a binomial classification scheme based on Latin names.
PEI Green Mussels = Perna viridis
Genus Species Taxonomy
But in order to be able to classify everything that is either currently alive, extinct or yet to evolve, you really need to group things up considerably.
Taxonomy
Linne proposed a 7-fold division.
Taxonomy
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Linne proposed a 7-fold division.
Taxonomy
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Largest Grouping Smallest Grouping Linne proposed a 7-fold division.
Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Taxonomy
Consider the annoying house cat:
Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Taxonomy Felis catus
Consider the annoying house cat:
Felis catus
Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Felis catus Taxonomy Silvestris (wildcat)
House cats might be able to mate with wildcats...
Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Taxonomy Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger)
... but good luck with this guy
Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Taxonomy Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)
The king of the “cats”
Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Felis catus Taxonomy Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)
onca (jaguar)
USA’s inspiration!
Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Taxonomy Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)
onca (jaguar)
pardus (leopard)
And this one is pretty lazy
Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Taxonomy Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)
onca (jaguar)
pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)
The fastest animal on the planet
Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Taxonomy Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)
onca (jaguar)
pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)
All “cats” (even the annoying ones) are members of the Felidae family
Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Taxonomy Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)
onca (jaguar)
pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)
Canis familiaris (dog)
Now consider the amazing domesticated dog:
Canis familiaris
Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Taxonomy Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion) My name is onca (jaguar) pardus NOT Jacob (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)
Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf)
Note: some sources refer to dogs as Canis lupis familiaris and to wolves as Canis lupis lupis. Dingos are classified as Canis lupis dingo. A close relative These are examples of subspecies Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Taxonomy Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)
onca (jaguar)
pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)
Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal)
A more distant relative
Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Taxonomy Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)
onca (jaguar)
pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)
Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote)
A pesky relative
Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Taxonomy Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)
onca (jaguar)
pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)
Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox)
Two cute relatives. Foxes are spread over two genera. Vulpes are the “true foxes”
Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Taxonomy Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)
onca (jaguar)
pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)
Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox)
All “dogs” (even the sweet ones) are members of the Canidae family
Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Taxonomy Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)
onca (jaguar)
pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)
Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox)
And all “cats” and “dogs” along with other beasties that primarily eat meat are members of the carnivora order
Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Taxonomy Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)
onca (jaguar)
pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)
Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox)
Primates Monkeys Humans, etc
Other Orders include the Primates (apes, monkeys and us) Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Taxonomy Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)
onca (jaguar)
pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)
Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox)
Primates Monkeys Humans, etc Rodentia Squirrels The rodents Mices Rats etc. (Rats, hamsters, mice etc.) Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Taxonomy Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)
onca (jaguar)
pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)
Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox)
Primates Monkeys Humans, etc Rodentia Squirrels Mices Rats etc.
All are members of the class Mammalia (animals with mammary glands)
Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Taxonomy Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)
onca (jaguar)
pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)
Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox)
Primates Monkeys Humans, etc Rodentia Squirrels Mices Rats etc. Aves (birds) Other classes include the Aves (birds)
Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Taxonomy Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)
onca (jaguar)
pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)
Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox)
Primates Monkeys Humans, etc Rodentia Squirrels Mices Rats etc. Aves (birds) Reptilia Other classes include the Reptilia (snakes, crocs, dinosaurs etc.)
Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Taxonomy Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)
onca (jaguar)
pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)
Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox)
Primates Monkeys Humans, etc Rodentia Squirrels Mices Rats etc. Aves (birds) Reptilia All are members of the Phylum Chordata (Animals with back bones) Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Taxonomy Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)
onca (jaguar)
pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)
Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox)
Primates Monkeys Humans, etc Rodentia Squirrels And so on and so on and so on…. Mices Rats etc. Aves (birds) Reptilia Mollusca Arthropoda Annelida Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Taxonomy Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)
onca (jaguar)
pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)
Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox)
Primates Monkeys Humans, etc Rodentia Squirrels All are members of the Mices Rats etc. Animalia (Animal) Kingdom Aves (birds) Reptilia Mollusca Arthropoda Annelida Taxonomy
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Largest Grouping Smallest Grouping
Linne originally recognized 5 kingdoms Taxonomy
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Largest Grouping Smallest Grouping
Linne originally Kingdom recognized 5 Animalia (animals) kingdoms Plantae (plants) Fungi Protista (single-celled) Monera (bacteria etc.) Taxonomy
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Largest Grouping Smallest Grouping
But over the years, Kingdom we identified more Animalia (animals) and more beasties Plantae (plants) requiring constant Fungi revisions, including Protista (single-celled) an even larger Monera (bacteria etc.) division… the Domain Taxonomy
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Largest Grouping Smallest Grouping
But over the years, Domain Kingdom we identified more Eukarya Animalia (animals) and more beasties Plantae (plants) requiring constant Fungi revisions, including Protista (single-celled) Bacteria Protobacteria, an even larger Cyanobacteria division… the Archaea Euryarchaeota, Domain Crenarchaeota Taxonomy
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Largest Grouping Smallest Grouping
And still the biologists continue to revise the system!
Ouch! Taxonomy
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Largest Grouping Smallest Grouping
And still the biologists continue to revise the system!
Double Ouch! Taxonomy Recap Taxonomy Responsibilities
Sub-Phylum Class/subclass Order
Phylum Porifera Cnidaria Class: Anthozoa Subclass: Zoantharia Subclass: Tabulata Subclass: Rugosa Bryozoa Brachiopoda Arthropoda Subphylum: Trilobita Mollusca Class: Gastropoda Class: Bivalvia Class: Cephalopoda Order: Nautiloidea Order: Ammonoidea Order: Belemnoidea Echinodermata Class: Echinoidea Class: Crinoidea Hemichordata Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Reptilia Class: Mammalia Today’s Homework
1) See me to discuss Lecture Test 1 2) Download and read web notes 12 3) Study! (GY 112L Lab test tomorrow!)
Next Time
Thursday Lecture: Evolution GY 112: Earth History
Lecture 12: Taxonomy
Instructor: Dr. Doug Haywick [email protected]
This is a free open access lecture, but not for commercial purposes. For personal use only.