UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA

GY 112: Earth History

Fossils 3:

Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Today’s Agenda

1) Linne (the Linnaean System) 2) Taxonomy ordering 3) Some examples (important beasties you will see in GY 112L)

(Web Lecture 12) Taxonomy

Yet another clever thinker! Carl von Linne (1707-1778) was Swedish naturalist who tried to make sense of the biological world around him.

Consider the problem of naming beasties. Taxonomy

Yet another clever thinker! Carl von Linne (1707-1778) was Swedish naturalist who tried to make sense of the biological world around him.

Consider the problem of naming beasties.

“Green Mussels”, nice steamed in white wine/butter sauce.

Taxonomy

Yet another clever thinker! Carl von Linne (1707-1778) was Swedish naturalist who tried to make sense of the biological world around him.

Consider the problem of naming beasties.

“Green Mussels”, nice steamed in white wine/butter sauce.

But there are PEI Green Mussels, New Zealand Green Mussels, Asian Green Mussels…. Taxonomy

Linne realized that there had to be some structure in naming beasties. He proposed one.

The Linnaean System: a binomial classification scheme based on Latin names.

Taxonomy

Linne realized that there had to be some structure in naming beasties. He proposed one.

The Linnaean System: a binomial classification scheme based on Latin names.

PEI Green Mussels = Perna viridis

Taxonomy

Linne realized that there had to be some structure in naming beasties. He proposed one.

The Linnaean System: a binomial classification scheme based on Latin names.

PEI Green Mussels = Perna viridis

Genus Species Taxonomy

But in order to be able to classify everything that is either currently alive, extinct or yet to evolve, you really need to group things up considerably.

Taxonomy

Linne proposed a 7-fold division.

Taxonomy

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Species

Linne proposed a 7-fold division.

Taxonomy

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Largest Grouping Smallest Grouping Linne proposed a 7-fold division.

Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Taxonomy

Consider the annoying house :

Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Taxonomy catus

Consider the annoying house cat:

Felis catus

Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Felis catus Taxonomy Silvestris ()

House might be able to mate with ...

Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Taxonomy Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) tigris ()

... but good luck with this guy

Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Taxonomy Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo ()

The king of the “cats”

Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Felis catus Taxonomy Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)

onca ()

USA’s inspiration!

Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Taxonomy Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)

onca (jaguar)

pardus ()

And this one is pretty lazy

Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Taxonomy Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)

onca (jaguar)

pardus (leopard) jubatus ()

The fastest on the planet

Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Taxonomy Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)

onca (jaguar)

pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)

All “cats” (even the annoying ones) are members of the Felidae family

Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Taxonomy Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)

onca (jaguar)

pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)

Canis familiaris ()

Now consider the amazing domesticated dog:

Canis familiaris

Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Taxonomy Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion) My name is onca (jaguar) pardus NOT Jacob (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)

Canis familiaris (dog) lupis ()

Note: some sources refer to as Canis lupis familiaris and to as Canis lupis lupis. Dingos are classified as Canis lupis dingo. A close relative These are examples of subspecies Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Taxonomy Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)

onca (jaguar)

pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)

Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal)

A more distant relative

Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Taxonomy Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)

onca (jaguar)

pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)

Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans ()

A pesky relative

Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Taxonomy Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)

onca (jaguar)

pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)

Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) cinereoargenteus (Grey )

Two cute relatives. are spread over two genera. are the “true foxes”

Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Taxonomy Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)

onca (jaguar)

pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)

Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox)

All “dogs” (even the sweet ones) are members of the family

Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Taxonomy Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)

onca (jaguar)

pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)

Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox)

And all “cats” and “dogs” along with other beasties that primarily eat meat are members of the carnivora order

Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Taxonomy Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)

onca (jaguar)

pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)

Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox)

Primates Monkeys Humans, etc

Other Orders include the Primates (apes, monkeys and us) Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Taxonomy Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)

onca (jaguar)

pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)

Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox)

Primates Monkeys Humans, etc Rodentia Squirrels The rodents Mices Rats etc. (Rats, hamsters, mice etc.) Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Taxonomy Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)

onca (jaguar)

pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)

Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox)

Primates Monkeys Humans, etc Rodentia Squirrels Mices Rats etc.

All are members of the class Mammalia ( with mammary glands)

Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Taxonomy Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)

onca (jaguar)

pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)

Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox)

Primates Monkeys Humans, etc Rodentia Squirrels Mices Rats etc. Aves (birds) Other classes include the Aves (birds)

Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Taxonomy Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)

onca (jaguar)

pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)

Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox)

Primates Monkeys Humans, etc Rodentia Squirrels Mices Rats etc. Aves (birds) Reptilia Other classes include the Reptilia (snakes, crocs, dinosaurs etc.)

Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Taxonomy Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)

onca (jaguar)

pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)

Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox)

Primates Monkeys Humans, etc Rodentia Squirrels Mices Rats etc. Aves (birds) Reptilia All are members of the Phylum Chordata (Animals with back bones) Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Taxonomy Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)

onca (jaguar)

pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)

Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox)

Primates Monkeys Humans, etc Rodentia Squirrels And so on and so on and so on…. Mices Rats etc. Aves (birds) Reptilia Mollusca Arthropoda Annelida Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Taxonomy Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion)

onca (jaguar)

pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)

Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox)

Primates Monkeys Humans, etc Rodentia Squirrels All are members of the Mices Rats etc. Animalia (Animal) Kingdom Aves (birds) Reptilia Mollusca Arthropoda Annelida Taxonomy

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Largest Grouping Smallest Grouping

Linne originally recognized 5 kingdoms Taxonomy

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Largest Grouping Smallest Grouping

Linne originally Kingdom recognized 5 Animalia (animals) kingdoms Plantae (plants) Fungi Protista (single-celled) Monera (bacteria etc.) Taxonomy

Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Largest Grouping Smallest Grouping

But over the years, Kingdom we identified more Animalia (animals) and more beasties Plantae (plants) requiring constant Fungi revisions, including Protista (single-celled) an even larger Monera (bacteria etc.) division… the Domain Taxonomy

Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Largest Grouping Smallest Grouping

But over the years, Domain Kingdom we identified more Eukarya Animalia (animals) and more beasties Plantae (plants) requiring constant Fungi revisions, including Protista (single-celled) Bacteria Protobacteria, an even larger Cyanobacteria division… the Archaea Euryarchaeota, Domain Crenarchaeota Taxonomy

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Largest Grouping Smallest Grouping

And still the biologists continue to revise the system!

Ouch! Taxonomy

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Largest Grouping Smallest Grouping

And still the biologists continue to revise the system!

Double Ouch! Taxonomy Recap Taxonomy Responsibilities

Sub-Phylum Class/subclass Order

Phylum Porifera Cnidaria Class: Anthozoa Subclass: Zoantharia Subclass: Tabulata Subclass: Rugosa Bryozoa Brachiopoda Arthropoda Subphylum: Trilobita Mollusca Class: Gastropoda Class: Bivalvia Class: Cephalopoda Order: Nautiloidea Order: Ammonoidea Order: Belemnoidea Echinodermata Class: Echinoidea Class: Crinoidea Hemichordata Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Reptilia Class: Mammalia Today’s Homework

1) See me to discuss Lecture Test 1 2) Download and read web notes 12 3) Study! (GY 112L Lab test tomorrow!)

Next Time

Thursday Lecture: Evolution GY 112: Earth History

Lecture 12: Taxonomy

Instructor: Dr. Doug Haywick [email protected]

This is a free open access lecture, but not for commercial purposes. For personal use only.