UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA GY 112: Earth History Fossils 3: Taxonomy Instructor: Dr. Douglas W. Haywick Today’s Agenda 1) Linne (the Linnaean System) 2) Taxonomy ordering 3) Some examples (important beasties you will see in GY 112L) (Web Lecture 12) Taxonomy Yet another clever thinker! Carl von Linne (1707-1778) was Swedish naturalist who tried to make sense of the biological world around him. Consider the problem of naming beasties. Taxonomy Yet another clever thinker! Carl von Linne (1707-1778) was Swedish naturalist who tried to make sense of the biological world around him. Consider the problem of naming beasties. “Green Mussels”, nice steamed in white wine/butter sauce. Taxonomy Yet another clever thinker! Carl von Linne (1707-1778) was Swedish naturalist who tried to make sense of the biological world around him. Consider the problem of naming beasties. “Green Mussels”, nice steamed in white wine/butter sauce. But there are PEI Green Mussels, New Zealand Green Mussels, Asian Green Mussels…. Taxonomy Linne realized that there had to be some structure in naming beasties. He proposed one. The Linnaean System: a binomial classification scheme based on Latin names. Taxonomy Linne realized that there had to be some structure in naming beasties. He proposed one. The Linnaean System: a binomial classification scheme based on Latin names. PEI Green Mussels = Perna viridis Taxonomy Linne realized that there had to be some structure in naming beasties. He proposed one. The Linnaean System: a binomial classification scheme based on Latin names. PEI Green Mussels = Perna viridis Genus Species Taxonomy But in order to be able to classify everything that is either currently alive, extinct or yet to evolve, you really need to group things up considerably. Taxonomy Linne proposed a 7-fold division. Taxonomy Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Linne proposed a 7-fold division. Taxonomy Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Largest Grouping Smallest Grouping Linne proposed a 7-fold division. Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Taxonomy Consider the annoying house cat: Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Taxonomy Felis catus Consider the annoying house cat: Felis catus Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Felis catus Taxonomy Silvestris (wildcat) House cats might be able to mate with wildcats... Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Taxonomy Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) ... but good luck with this guy Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Taxonomy Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion) The king of the “cats” Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Felis catus Taxonomy Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) USA’s inspiration! Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Taxonomy Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) And this one is pretty lazy Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Taxonomy Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) The fastest animal on the planet Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Taxonomy Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) All “cats” (even the annoying ones) are members of the Felidae family Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Taxonomy Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) Canis familiaris (dog) Now consider the amazing domesticated dog: Canis familiaris Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Taxonomy Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion) My name is onca (jaguar) pardus NOT Jacob (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) Note: some sources refer to dogs as Canis lupis familiaris and to wolves as Canis lupis lupis. Dingos are classified as Canis lupis dingo. A close relative These are examples of subspecies Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Taxonomy Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) A more distant relative Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Taxonomy Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) A pesky relative Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Taxonomy Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox) Two cute relatives. Foxes are spread over two genera. Vulpes are the “true foxes” Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Taxonomy Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox) All “dogs” (even the sweet ones) are members of the Canidae family Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Taxonomy Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox) And all “cats” and “dogs” along with other beasties that primarily eat meat are members of the carnivora order Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Taxonomy Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox) Primates Monkeys Humans, etc Other Orders include the Primates (apes, monkeys and us) Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Taxonomy Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox) Primates Monkeys Humans, etc Rodentia Squirrels The rodents Mices Rats etc. (Rats, hamsters, mice etc.) Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Taxonomy Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox) Primates Monkeys Humans, etc Rodentia Squirrels Mices Rats etc. All are members of the class Mammalia (animals with mammary glands) Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Taxonomy Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox) Primates Monkeys Humans, etc Rodentia Squirrels Mices Rats etc. Aves (birds) Other classes include the Aves (birds) Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Taxonomy Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox) Primates Monkeys Humans, etc Rodentia Squirrels Mices Rats etc. Aves (birds) Reptilia Other classes include the Reptilia (snakes, crocs, dinosaurs etc.) Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Taxonomy Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox) Primates Monkeys Humans, etc Rodentia Squirrels Mices Rats etc. Aves (birds) Reptilia All are members of the Phylum Chordata (Animals with back bones) Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Taxonomy Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox) Primates Monkeys Humans, etc Rodentia Squirrels And so on and so on and so on…. Mices Rats etc. Aves (birds) Reptilia Mollusca Arthropoda Annelida Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Taxonomy Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Felidae Felis catus Silvestris (wildcat) Panthera tigris (tiger) leo (lion) onca (jaguar) pardus (leopard) Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) Canidae Canis familiaris (dog) lupis (wolf) adjustus (jackal) latrans (coyote) Urocyon cinereoargenteus (Grey Fox) Primates Monkeys Humans, etc Rodentia Squirrels All are members of the Mices Rats etc. Animalia (Animal) Kingdom Aves (birds) Reptilia Mollusca Arthropoda Annelida Taxonomy Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Largest Grouping Smallest Grouping Linne originally recognized 5 kingdoms Taxonomy Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Largest Grouping