DOCSLIB.ORG

MESOCARNIVORES of NORTHERN CALIFORNIA Biology, Management, & Survey Techniques

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
MESOCARNIVORES of NORTHERN CALIFORNIA Biology, Management, & Survey Techniques MESOCARNIVORES OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA Biology, Management, & Survey Techniques August 12th -15th,1997 Humboldt State University Arcata CA presented by The Wildlife Society California North Coast Chapter This document consists of non-refereed papers submitted by the individual authors to serve as background material for the Mesocarnivores of Northern California: Biology, Management, & Survey Techniques Workshop. The included papers only received minor editorial review. The material presented herein is the opinion of the individual authors. This document should be cited as: Harris, John E., and Chester V. Ogan., Eds. 1997. Mesocarnivores of Northern California: Biology, Management, and Survey Techniques, Workshop Manual. August 12-15, 1997, Humboldt State Univ., Arcata, CA. The Wildlife Society, California North Coast Chapter, Arcata, CA. 127 p. Copies of this document may be obtained through The Wildlife Society, California North Coast Chapter. Requests should be mailed to: Mesocarnivore Manual California North Coast Chapter, TWS PO Box 4553 Arcata, CA 95518 or via E-mail at: [email protected] Mesocarnivore logo artwork by Joan Dunning Copyright Pending All Rights Reserved The Wildlife Society California North Coast Chapter © 1997 MESOCARNIVORES OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA: Biology, Management, & Survey Techniques Sponsored by The Wildlife Society California North Coast Chapter Assistance & Support Provided by: Americorps, Watershed Stewards Project California Department of Fish & Game California Department of Forestry & Fire Protection Hoopa Valley Tribe Humboldt State University Conservation Unlimited Humboldt State University, Department of Wildlife LBJ Enterprises Simpson Timber Company USFS, PSW, Redwood Sciences Lab, Arcata USFS, Six Rivers National Forest MESOCARNIVORES OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA: Biology Management, & Survey Techniques Speakers Dr. Steven Buskirk, Univ. of Wyoming Dr. Reginald Barren, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley Dr Keith Aubry, USFS, PNW, Forestry Sciences Lab Jeff Copeland, Idaho Dept of Wildlife Dr. Richard Golightly, Humboldt State Univ. Armand Gonzales, Calif. Dept. Fish & Game Dr. James Halfpenny, A Naturalist's World Mark Higley, Hoopa Valley Tribe Dr. Judd Howell, USGS, Golden Gate Field Station Ron Jurek, Calif. Dept. Fish & Game Dr. Thomas Kucera, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley Rich Klug, Simpson Timber Company Jeff Lewis, Washington Dept. Fish & Wildlife Dr. Wayne Me1quist, Idaho .Dept. Wildlife Dr. William Zielinski USFS, PSW, Redwood Sciences Lab Steering Committee Dr. Lowell Diller, Simpson Timber Company Dr. Richard Golightly, Humboldt State Univ. Armand Gonzales, Calif. Dept. Fish & Game Jay Harris, Calif. Dept. Forestry & Fire Protection Robert Hewitt, LBJ Enterprises Mark Higley, Hoopa Valley Tribe Rich Klug, Simpson Timber Company Paul Morey, Humboldt State Univ. Chet Ogan, USFS, PSW, Redwood Science Lab Keith Slauson, Humboldt State Univ. Sandra von Arb, AmeriCorps, Watershed Stewards Project Dr. William Zielinski, USFS, PSW, Redwood Science Lab Mesocarnivores of Northern California: Biology, Management, & Survey Techniques August 12-15, 1997 Humboldt State University Arcata CA Program Tuesday, August 12, 1997 09:30 am Registration INTRODUCTION 10:00-10:15 am Introduction. Jay Harris, President, California North Coast Chapter, The Wildlife Society, California Department of Forestry & Fire Protection. KEYNOTE SPEAKERS 10:15-11:00 am Mesocarnivore communities: structure, function, and conservation. Dr. Steven Buskirk, Univ. of Wyoming. 11:00-11:45 am Perspectives on the history of mesocarnivore conservation in California. Dr. Reginald Barrett, Univ. of California, Berkeley. 11:45-1:00 pm LUNCH FOREST MUSTELIDS 1:00-1:45 pm Fisher. Dr. Richard Golightly, Humboldt State Univ. 1:45-2:30 pm Marten. Dr. Steven Buskirk, Univ. of Wyoming; and Dr. William Zielinski, USFS, PSW, Redwood Sciences Laboratory. 2:30-3:15 pm Wolverine. Jeff Copeland, Idaho Dept. of Fish & Game; and Dr. Thomas Kucera, Univ. of California, Berkeley. 3:15-3:45 pm BREAK AQUATIC MUSTELIDS 3:45-4:45 pm River otter and mink. Dr. Wayne Melquist, Idaho Department of Fish & Game. 5:00-8:00 SOCIAL MIXER Wednesday, August 13, 1997 CANIDS 8:00-8:30 am Coyote. Dr. Richard Golightly, Humboldt State Univ. 8:30-9:00 am Gray fox. Dr. Judd Howell, USES, Golden Gate Field Station. 9:00-9:30 am Sierra Nevada red fox. Dr. Keith Aubry, USFS, PNW, Forestry Sciences Laboratory. 9:30-9:50 am BREAK MISCELLANEOUS MESOCARNIVORES 9:50-10:30 am Weasel, skunk, ringtail, raccoon, and badger. Armand Gonzales, Calif. Dept. Fish & Game, Eureka. 10:30-11:00 am Bobcat. Dr. Judd Howell, USGS, Golden Gate Field Station. EXOTIC MESOCARNIVORES 11:00-11:30 am Red Fox. Jeffrey Lewis, Washington Dept. Fish & Wildlife. 11:30-12:00 pm Ferrets and feral cats. Ron Jurek, Calif. Dept. Fish & Game, Sacramento. 12:00-1:30 pm LUNCH SURVEY TECHNIQUES 1:30-2:00 pm Snow tracking. Dr. James Halfpenny, A Naturalist's World 2:00-2:30 pm Track plates. Richard Klug, Simpson Timber Company 2:30-3:00 pm Photography. Dr. Thomas Kucera, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley. 3:00-3:20 pm BREAK 3:2-3:50 pm Videography. Dr. Keith Aubry, USFS, PNW, Forest Sciences Laboratory. 3:50-4:20 pm Monitoring mesocarnivore populations. Dr. William Zielinski, USFS, PSW, Redwood Sciences Laboratory. Thursday, August 14, 1997 FIELD DAY # 1 8:00 am - 5:00 pm Meet at the bus stop just north of the campus library. Transportation will be provided. Participants are responsible for their own lunch. Friday, August 15, 1997 FIELD DAY #2 8:00 am - 5:00 pm Meet at the bus stop just north of the campus library. Transportation will be provided. Participants are responsible for their own lunch. Table of Contents INTRODUCTION A Short History of Mesocarnivore Management in California. Reginald H. Barrett ....................................................................................... 1 FOREST MUSTELIDS Fisher (Martes pennanti): Ecology, Conservation, and Management. Richard T. Golightly Jr. .................................................................................7 American Marten (Marten americana) Ecology and Conservation. Steven W. Buskirk and William J Zielinski ................................................17 Wolverine (Gulo gulo). Jeffrey P. Copeland and Thomas E. Kucera .................................................23 AQUATIC MUSTELIDS Aquatic Mustelids: Mink and River Otter. Wayne Melquist ....................................................................................35 CANIDS Coyote (Canis latrans): Ecology, Conservation, and Management Richard T. Golightly Jr. ...............................................................................43 Gray Fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) Ecology and Management. Judd A. Howell ............ ............:...................................................................51 The Sierra Nevada Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes necator). Keith B. Aubry ...............................................................................................55 MISCELLANEOUS MESOCARNIVORES Weasels, Skunks, Ringtail, Raccoon, and Badger. Armand G. Gonzales ...................................................................................63 Bobcat (Felis rufus) Ecology and Management. Judd A. Howell ............................................................................................75 EXOTIC MESOCARNIVORES Biology and Ecology of the Non-Native Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) in California. Jeffrey C. Lewis ............................................................................................79 Selected Bibliography Relating to the Ferret (Mustela putorius furo) Ron Jurek ...................................................................................................85 Biology and Ecology of Feral, Free-Roaming, and Stray Cats. Chester V. Ogan and Ronald M Jurek .........................................................87 SURVEY TECHNIQUES Snow Tracking. James C. Halfpenny, Richard W. Thompson, Susan C. Morse, Tim Holden, and Paul Rezendes ......................................................................................................................93 Aluminum Track Plates. Richard R. Klug .......................................................................................103 Videography. Keith B. Aubry Timothy J. Canon, and Jeff von Kienast ..........................113 Monitoring Mesocarnivore Populations. William J. Zielinski ..................................................................................119 A Short History of Mesocarnivore Management in California Reginald H. Barrett University of California, Berkeley 145 Mulford Hall Berkeley, CA 94720 In reviewing this short history of mesocarnivore, management system, and the ability to or "furbearer" management in California I have adequately monitor the results of manipulations, three observations. First, it is important to to qualify actions or decisions as management. remind ourselves that we must take some interest in all members of the mesocarnivore community, While I will focus on forest mesocarnivores here, not just the politically hot species of the it is impossible not to mention the role of two moment. Second, management and research do non-forest furbearers in the historical not happen without funding, and funding is development of furbearer management in rarely available unless the resource being California. The first records of furbearer managed is valuable itself, or it stands in the way management resulted from regulations issued by of developing a resource that is valuable. the Spanish in 1785
Load more

Recommended publications
  • MINNESOTA MUSTELIDS Young
    By Blane Klemek MINNESOTA MUSTELIDS Young Naturalists the Slinky,Stinky Weasel family ave you ever heard anyone call somebody a weasel? If you have, then you might think Hthat being called a weasel is bad. But weasels are good hunters, and they are cunning, curious, strong, and fierce. Weasels and their relatives are mammals. They belong to the order Carnivora (meat eaters) and the family Mustelidae, also known as the weasel family or mustelids. Mustela means weasel in Latin. With 65 species, mustelids are the largest family of carnivores in the world. Eight mustelid species currently make their homes in Minnesota: short-tailed weasel, long-tailed weasel, least weasel, mink, American marten, OTTERS BY DANIEL J. COX fisher, river otter, and American badger. Minnesota Conservation Volunteer May–June 2003 n e MARY CLAY, DEMBINSKY t PHOTO ASSOCIATES r mammals a WEASELS flexible m Here are two TOM AND PAT LEESON specialized mustelid feet. b One is for climb- ou can recognize a ing and the other for hort-tailed weasels (Mustela erminea), long- The long-tailed weasel d most mustelids g digging. Can you tell tailed weasels (M. frenata), and least weasels eats the most varied e food of all weasels. It by their tubelike r which is which? (M. nivalis) live throughout Minnesota. In also lives in the widest Ybodies and their short Stheir northern range, including Minnesota, weasels variety of habitats and legs. Some, such as badgers, hunting. Otters and minks turn white in winter. In autumn, white hairs begin climates across North are heavy and chunky. Some, are excellent swimmers that hunt to replace their brown summer coat.
    [Show full text]
  • BKCG Wins $80 Million in Hollywood Accounting Trial. . . So
    SPRING 2019 EDITION “Just One More Thing . .” Ninth Circuit Delivers Justice, And A Serving BKCG Wins $80 Million in Hollywood Accounting Trial. So Far Of Cold Pizza, In Latest ADA Ruling BKCG’s trial team of Alton Burkhalter, Dan Kessler and Keith Butler have now completed two phases The Americans with Disabilities Act (the “ADA”) established a national of a three-phase trial for the creators of the television series Columbo. BKCG’s clients are William mandate for the elimination of discrimination against individuals Link and Christine Levinson Wilson, the daughter of the late Richard Levinson. Link and Levinson with disabilities. Title III of the ADA entitles all individuals to the “full created, wrote and produced a number of award-winning TV shows for Universal Studios, including and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, privileges, Murder She Wrote, Mannix, and Columbo. advantages, or accommodations of any place of public accommodation by any person who owns, leases (or leases to), or operates a place of Alton Burkhalter extended his jury trial win streak with Phase 1, where the jury returned unanimous public accommodation.” 12-0 verdicts in less than 90 minutes on all questions put to them. This was significant because it established a baseline of substantial damages and dispelled Universal’s affirmative defense based In a ruling that could only be surprising to those who have not been following recent trends in the law, the Ninth Circuit of the U.S. Court on statute of limitations. of Appeal decided that the ADA also applies to the internet and Dan Kessler led the team to victory on Phase 2, in which a number of other high stakes issues were cyberspace! In 2016, a blind man named Guillermo Robles filed a tried in a bench trial before the Honorable Judge Richard Burdge.
    [Show full text]
  • California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System California Department of Fish and Wildlife California Interagency Wildlife Task Group
    California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System California Department of Fish and Wildlife California Interagency Wildlife Task Group WOLVERINE Gulo gulo Family: MUSTELIDAE Order: CARNIVORA Class: MAMMALIA M159 Written by: V. Johnson Reviewed by: H. Shellhammer Edited by: J. Harris, R. Duke DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, AND SEASONALITY A scarce resident of North Coast mountains and Sierra Nevada. Sightings range from Del Norte and Trinity cos. east through Siskiyou and Shasta cos., and south through Tulare Co. A few possible sightings occur in the north coastal region as far south as Lake Co. Habitat distribution in California is poorly known for the North Coast and northern Sierra Nevada. In north coastal areas, has been observed in Douglas-fir and mixed conifer habitats, and probably uses red fir, lodgepole, wet meadow, and montane riparian habitats. Most sightings in this region range from 500-1500 m (1600-4800 ft). In the northern Sierra Nevada, have been found in mixed conifer, red fir, and lodgepole habitats, and probably use subalpine conifer, alpine dwarf-shrub, wet meadow, and montane riparian habitats. Elevations in the northern Sierra Nevada mostly fall in the range of 1300-2300 m (4300-7300 ft). Habitats used in the southern Sierra Nevada include red fir, mixed conifer, lodgepole, subalpine conifer, alpine dwarf-shrub, barren, and probably wet meadows, montane chaparral, and Jeffrey pine. Elevations in the southern Sierra Nevada mostly are from 2000-3400 m (6400-10,800 ft). May travel extensively. There are indications that wolverines may be increasing in California (Grinnell et al. 1937, Ingles 1965, Yocom 1973, 1974, Johnson 1977, Schempf and White 1977, California Department of Fish and Game 1980a).
    [Show full text]
  • Bobcat LHOTB022604
    Life History of the Bobcat LHOTB022604 The bobcat belongs to the family Felidae, which contains mountain lion, Florida panther, ocelot, lynx, jaguar, margay and jaguarundi. Historically the bobcat ranged throughout the lower 48 states and into parts of southern Canada and northern Mexico. Bobcats are found throughout Alabama with greater abundance in the Coastal Plains and Piedmont areas. DESCRIPTION: The bobcat is slightly more than twice the size of a domestic cat. Adult males’ weight ranges between 16-40 pounds and the females between 8-33 pounds. Coloration can vary but generally is yellowish or reddish brown streaked or spotted black or dark brown. The belly and underside of the tail is white. Black spots or bars are found on the belly and inside the forelegs and may extend up the sides to the back. Their tail is short (<5 ¾ inches) with distinct black bars at the tip. REPRODUCTION: Bobcats normally breed once a year from January through March with most births occurring during April and May. After a gestation period of 62 days, a litter of 1-4 kittens is born with 3 kittens being the average litter size. HABITAT: Bobcats are highly adapted to a variety of habitats. They prefer forested habitats with a dense understory and high prey densities. The only habitat type not used is heavily farmed agriculture land. Bobcats are territorial and readily defend their home range. Their home range can vary from 1-80 square miles. Bobcats may use a variety of denning sites such as rock ledges, hollow trees and logs, and brush piles.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ecology and Management of Moose in North America
    THE ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF MOOSE IN NORTH AMERICA Douglas H. PIMLOTT Department of Lands and Forests, Maple, Ontario, Canada Concepts of the status, productivity and management of North American moose (Alces alces) have changed greatly during the past decade. The rapidity of the change is illustrated by the published record. TUFTS (1951) questioned, « Is the moose headed for extinc­ tion ? » and discussed the then current belief that moose populations had seriously declined across much of the continent. Five years later, PETERSON (1955: 217) stated, « It appears almost inevitable that the days of unlimited hunting for moose must soon pass from most of North America. » He also suggested (1955 : 216) that a kill of 12 to 25 per cent of the adult population is the highest that would permit the maintenance of the breeding population. Four years later, I showed (PIMLOTT, 1959a) that moose in Newfoundland could sustain a kill of twice the magnitude suggested by Peterson. I also suggested (PIMLOTT, 1959b) that the North American moose kill could be very greatly increased-in spite of progressive liberalization of hunting regulations over much of Canada and a marked increase in annual kill. It is not realistic to assume that the status of the species has changed, within the decade, from threatened extinction to annual harvests of approximately 40,000 and potential harvests of two to three times that number. Although moose populations have increased in some areas since 1950, there is little doubt that the changed think­ ing about moose management is more the result of the increase in knowledge than of any other factor.
    [Show full text]
  • Literariness.Org-Mareike-Jenner-Auth
    Crime Files Series General Editor: Clive Bloom Since its invention in the nineteenth century, detective fiction has never been more pop- ular. In novels, short stories, films, radio, television and now in computer games, private detectives and psychopaths, prim poisoners and overworked cops, tommy gun gangsters and cocaine criminals are the very stuff of modern imagination, and their creators one mainstay of popular consciousness. Crime Files is a ground-breaking series offering scholars, students and discerning readers a comprehensive set of guides to the world of crime and detective fiction. Every aspect of crime writing, detective fiction, gangster movie, true-crime exposé, police procedural and post-colonial investigation is explored through clear and informative texts offering comprehensive coverage and theoretical sophistication. Titles include: Maurizio Ascari A COUNTER-HISTORY OF CRIME FICTION Supernatural, Gothic, Sensational Pamela Bedore DIME NOVELS AND THE ROOTS OF AMERICAN DETECTIVE FICTION Hans Bertens and Theo D’haen CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN CRIME FICTION Anita Biressi CRIME, FEAR AND THE LAW IN TRUE CRIME STORIES Clare Clarke LATE VICTORIAN CRIME FICTION IN THE SHADOWS OF SHERLOCK Paul Cobley THE AMERICAN THRILLER Generic Innovation and Social Change in the 1970s Michael Cook NARRATIVES OF ENCLOSURE IN DETECTIVE FICTION The Locked Room Mystery Michael Cook DETECTIVE FICTION AND THE GHOST STORY The Haunted Text Barry Forshaw DEATH IN A COLD CLIMATE A Guide to Scandinavian Crime Fiction Barry Forshaw BRITISH CRIME FILM Subverting
    [Show full text]
  • The Red and Gray Fox
    The Red and Gray Fox There are five species of foxes found in North America but only two, the red (Vulpes vulpes), And the gray (Urocyon cinereoargentus) live in towns or cities. Fox are canids and close relatives of coyotes, wolves and domestic dogs. Foxes are not large animals, The red fox is the larger of the two typically weighing 7 to 5 pounds, and reaching as much as 3 feet in length (not including the tail, which can be as long as 1 to 1 and a half feet in length). Gray foxes rarely exceed 11 or 12 pounds and are often much smaller. Coloration among fox greatly varies, and it is not always a sure bet that a red colored fox is indeed a “red fox” and a gray colored fox is indeed a “gray fox. The one sure way to tell them apart is the white tip of a red fox’s tail. Gray Fox (Urocyon cinereoargentus) Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) Regardless of which fox both prefer diverse habitats, including fields, woods, shrubby cover, farmland or other. Both species readily adapt to urban and suburban areas. Foxes are primarily nocturnal in urban areas but this is more an accommodation in avoiding other wildlife and humans. Just because you may see it during the day doesn’t necessarily mean it’s sick. Sometimes red fox will exhibit a brazenness that is so overt as to be disarming. A homeowner hanging laundry may watch a fox walk through the yard, going about its business, seemingly oblivious to the human nearby.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 Fur Harvester Digest 3 SEASON DATES and BAG LIMITS
    2021 Michigan Fur Harvester Digest RAP (Report All Poaching): Call or Text (800) 292-7800 Michigan.gov/Trapping Table of Contents Furbearer Management ...................................................................3 Season Dates and Bag Limits ..........................................................4 License Types and Fees ....................................................................6 License Types and Fees by Age .......................................................6 Purchasing a License .......................................................................6 Apprentice & Youth Hunting .............................................................9 Fur Harvester License .....................................................................10 Kill Tags, Registration, and Incidental Catch .................................11 When and Where to Hunt/Trap ...................................................... 14 Hunting Hours and Zone Boundaries .............................................14 Hunting and Trapping on Public Land ............................................18 Safety Zones, Right-of-Ways, Waterways .......................................20 Hunting and Trapping on Private Land ...........................................20 Equipment and Fur Harvester Rules ............................................. 21 Use of Bait When Hunting and Trapping ........................................21 Hunting with Dogs ...........................................................................21 Equipment Regulations ...................................................................22
    [Show full text]
  • Educator's Guide
    Educator’s Guide the jill and lewis bernard family Hall of north american mammals inside: • Suggestions to Help You come prepared • essential questions for Student Inquiry • Strategies for teaching in the exhibition • map of the Exhibition • online resources for the Classroom • Correlations to science framework • glossary amnh.org/namammals Essential QUESTIONS Who are — and who were — the North as tundra, winters are cold, long, and dark, the growing season American Mammals? is extremely short, and precipitation is low. In contrast, the abundant precipitation and year-round warmth of tropical All mammals on Earth share a common ancestor and and subtropical forests provide optimal growing conditions represent many millions of years of evolution. Most of those that support the greatest diversity of species worldwide. in this hall arose as distinct species in the relatively recent Florida and Mexico contain some subtropical forest. In the past. Their ancestors reached North America at different boreal forest that covers a huge expanse of the continent’s times. Some entered from the north along the Bering land northern latitudes, winters are dry and severe, summers moist bridge, which was intermittently exposed by low sea levels and short, and temperatures between the two range widely. during the Pleistocene (2,588,000 to 11,700 years ago). Desert and scrublands are dry and generally warm through- These migrants included relatives of New World cats (e.g. out the year, with temperatures that may exceed 100°F and dip sabertooth, jaguar), certain rodents, musk ox, at least two by 30 degrees at night. kinds of elephants (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Small Predator Impacts on Deer
    IMPACTS OF SMALL PREDATORS ON DEER TERRY BLANKENSHIP, Assistant Director, Welder Wildlife Foundation, P.O. Box 1400, Sinton, Tx 78387. Abstract: Predator size influences the type of prey taken. Generally, smaller predators rely on rabbits, rodents, birds, fruits, or insects. Food habit studies of several small predators indicate the presence of deer in the diet. Percentages of deer in the diet were larger in the north and northeast where variety of prey was lower. Studies conducted in the south and southeast generally found lower percentages of deer in the diets. Studies in the south indicate fawns were the age class of choice. Although food habit studies indicate the presence of deer in the diet, this does not show these predators have an impact on deer populations. The bobcat (Lynx rufus), gray fox diet of the smaller predators listed above (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), red fox(Vulpes and the impact they may have on a deer vulpes), and golden eagle (Aquila population or a particular age class of deer. chrysaetos) are several of the smaller predators that have the potential to take deer BOBCAT (Odocoileus spp.) or a certain age class of deer. Much of the research conducted on A compilation of bobcat food habit the impacts of small predators on deer relate studies indicate rabbits (Lepus spp., to the presence or amount found in the diet. Sylvilagus spp.) were the primary prey taken Research has identified major prey items for throughout their range. Deer were an each of these predators in different regions important prey item in the northeast and of the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • An Educator's Resource to Texas Mammal Skulls and Skins
    E4H-014 11/17 An Educator’s Resource to Texas Mammal Skulls and Skins for use in 4-H Wildlife Programs and FFA Wildlife Career Development Events By, Denise Harmel-Garza Program Coordinator I, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, 4-H Photographer and coauthor, Audrey Sepulveda M.Ed. Agricultural Leadership, Education and Communications, Texas A&M University College Station, Texas 2017 “A special thanks to the Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections at Texas A&M University for providing access to their specimens.” Texas A&M AgriLife Extension provides equal opportunities in its programs and employment to all persons, regardless of race, color, sex, religion, national origin, disability, age, genetic information, veteran status, sexual orientation, or gender identity. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating. Introduction Texas youth that participate in wildlife programs may be asked to identify a skull, skin, scat, tracks, etc. of an animal. Usually, educators must find this information and assemble pictures of skulls and skins from various sources. They also must ensure that what they find is relevant and accurate. Buying skulls and skins to represent all Texas mammals is costly. Most educators cannot afford them, and if they can, maintaining these collections over time is problematic. This study resource will reduce the time teachers across the state need to spend searching for information and allow them more time for presenting the material to their students. This identification guide gives teachers and students easy access to information that is accurate and valuable for learning to identify Texas mammals.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology of Red Deer a Research Review Relevant to Their Management in Scotland
    Ecologyof RedDeer A researchreview relevant to theirmanagement in Scotland Instituteof TerrestrialEcology Natural EnvironmentResearch Council á á á á á Natural Environment Research Council Institute of Terrestrial Ecology Ecology of Red Deer A research review relevant to their management in Scotland Brian Mitchell, Brian W. Staines and David Welch Institute of Terrestrial Ecology Banchory iv Printed in England by Graphic Art (Cambridge) Ltd. ©Copyright 1977 Published in 1977 by Institute of Terrestrial Ecology 68 Hills Road Cambridge CB2 11LA ISBN 0 904282 090 Authors' address: Institute of Terrestrial Ecology Hill of Brathens Glassel, Banchory Kincardineshire AB3 4BY Telephone 033 02 3434. The Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (ITE) was established in 1973, from the former Nature Conservancy's research stations and staff, joined later by the Institute of Tree Biology and the Culture Centre of Algae and Protozoa. ITE contributes to and draws upon the collective knowledge of the fourteen sister institutes which make up the Natural Environment Research Council, spanning all the environmental sciences. The Institute studies the factors determining the structure, composition and processes of land and freshwater systems, and of individual plant and animal species. It is developing a Sounder scientific basis for predicting and modelling environmental trends arising from natural or man-made change. The results of this research are available to those responsible for the protection, management and wise use of our natural resources. Nearly half of ITE'Swork is research commissioned by customers, such as the Nature Conservancy Council who require information for wildlife conservation, the Forestry Commission and the Department of the Environment. The remainder is fundamental research supported by NERC.
    [Show full text]