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Thomas Twisden Hodges, [Formerly] of Sandgate, Kent, Gentleman & Mp

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Thomas Twisden Hodges, [Formerly] of Sandgate, Kent, Gentleman & Mp THOMAS TWISDEN HODGES, [FORMERLY] OF SANDGATE, KENT, GENTLEMAN & M.P., AND HIS TIME IN VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA FROM 1853 TO 1856 – PART 2. JOHN D’EWES So it is back again to John D’Ewes, whom we first met in Part 1 of this history of Thomas Twisden Hodges and his (Hodges) time in Australia in 1853 to 1856. You may well be asking “Who was John D’Ewes and what is his place in Australian history, with particular regard to the Gold Rush in Victoria in the early 1850’s”? It is now necessary to give some additional information on The Eureka Stockade/Rebellion and information on John D’Ewes’ role in the cause of all that followed. Two additional Internet descriptions on the background to The Eureka Stockade/Rebellion and to John D’Ewes that have been located and they are as follows. 1 “A Spark Ignited - On 6 October 1854 two drunken Scots [gold-diggers] disturbed the publican of the Eureka Hotel, James Bentley, and asked for a drink. In the ensuing confrontation, one of the Scots, James Scobie, was kicked and clubbed to death. Bentley was an ex-convict from Van Dieman’s Land who was on very friendly terms with local government officials. He was arrested by two of his friends, but was not committed for trial for murder by Police Magistrate Dewes despite his [Bentley’s] obvious guilt. The diggers were incensed, and saw this as clear evidence of corruption within the police and judiciary”1 The Eureka Stockade event followed … 2 “BACKGROUND - John D’Ewes was appointed Police Magistrate at Ballarat in January 1854. The diggers [gold miners] believed him to be corrupt. D’Ewes left Ballarat after his dismissal, and by the end of 1854 he [D’Ewes] was in Sydney. GOLDFIELD INVOLVEMENT 1854 - D’Ewes gave evidence at the Board of Enquiry into the burning of Bentley’s Eureka Hotel. He was dismissed on 20 November 1854, over Bentley’s acquittal [for Scobie’s death as found in the enquiry ordered by the Governor Charles Hotham]. This [earlier] acquittal greatly angered the diggers, and triggered the burning of James Bentley’s Eureka Hotel. D’Ewes was believed to have owned shares in Bentley’s Eureka Hotel. Bentley was a witness examined during the report of the Board appointed to enquire into the circumstances connected with the riot at Ballarat, and the burning of James Bentley’s Eureka Hotel.” This information is from the Internet under John D’Ewes.2 It has been considered necessary – for the benefit of readers – to recommend other works devoted to The Eureka Stockade that may be useful for further information for readers. The two works recommended are as follows: - a) Historical Studies Australia and New Zealand – Eureka Centenary Supplement. University of Melbourne, 1954. Admittedly this work consists of 100 pages. It is the product of a number of scholars and includes a number of long articles, e.g. “The Causes of Eureka”, by Geoffrey Serle, consisting of 9 pages; “Eureka and the Creative Writer”, by Hume Dow, consisting of 11 pages; and, “The Significance of Eureka in Australian History”, by R.D. Walshe, consisting of 19 pages; etc. It may be considered that these articles are rather left-wing. There is also a Bibliography of Eureka, which consists of 10 pages. It is of interest to note that in the article by R.D. Walshe, entitled “The Significance of Eureka in Australian History” the following statement is made on p.70 “following which the acquittal of Bentley by the venal magistrate, D’Ewes, was reversed …” b) Eureka Centenary Committee – Eureka 1854-1954. Ballarat, Victoria, John Fraser & Son, 1954. This consists of 8 pages. There is a long (6 and a half pages) article on Eureka, with a brief Bibliography and a short article of the activities that led to the celebration of the Eureka Stockade Centenary in 1954. FURTHER INFORMATION ON JOHN D’EWES 1Hewitt, William – The Eureka Stockade, http://www.sbc.com.au/gold/story.php?storyid=83 - Viewed August 2016 2http://eurekapedia.org/John.D%27Ewes 1 D’Ewes was a member of the English landed gentry. He was born in 1804 and died in 1861. John D’Ewes was the son of Bernard D’Ewes, Esq., of Wilsburn or Wellesbourne, Warwickshire and Judith D’Ewes (née Beresford). He attended Rugby School and later was at Cambridge University.3 In the two books that D’Ewes wrote and that were published the author’s abundant use of French and Latin words and phrases was clearly demonstrated – likewise, presumably was the frustration of 19th century printers! He recounts in his books that he was in the Madras Regiment in India, before returning to England. He arrived in Melbourne on 26/27 March 1853 on the schooner Vibilia with his wife. In an effort to find employment he stated that he met “by dint of a little local interest with Mr. Latrobe, the [Lieutenant-] Governor” of the Colony Victoria.4 Charles Latrobe (1801-1875) was appointed in 1839 (February) as Superintendent of the Port Phillip District of New South Wales and after the establishment in 1851 of the colony of Victoria [which is now a State of Australia] he became its first lieutenant-governor. The Latrobes arrived in Melbourne on 1 October 1939. Latrobe resigned his office as Governor of Victoria in 1854, and he left Melbourne on 6 May 1854. Latrobe’s successor was Sir Charles Hotham; see also later in this Part 2.5 In Australia the La Trobe surname is not spelt as La Trobe but as Latrobe. Later in 1853 John D’Ewes was interviewed by the Chief Commissioner of Police. At that interview he was offered a temporary position of Police Magistrate at Ballarat in the place of an officer who was about to go on leave. As a result - if he accepted that temporary position - he would be offered the first vacancy of a permanent position within the service. D’Ewes went to Ballarat on this temporary appointment and commenced duties on or about 1 August 1853. He did not give the exact date of the end of this temporary appointment in his book, but he only stated that “The time was now approaching when my term of service as locum tenens (defined as “a person, who substitutes temporarily for another”) for Mr. Eyre was likely to terminate, and for my return to Melbourne, where I had left my wife.”6 So it is likely that D’Ewes left Ballarat in “the latter end of October, 1853”7. D’Ewes began his permanent appointment on 1 January 1854, as he recounted “Mr. Eyre having obtained another situation, on the 1st of January 1854, I was appointed permanent Police-Magistrate of Ballarat, and ordered to proceed forthwith to my destination [Ballarat].8 This appointment ceased with his dismissal on 20 November 1854, although D’Ewes only refers to the date of his dismissal as “ultimately led to the loss of my appointment in the month of November, 1854”9. Later John D’Ewes wrote two books that were published in 1857 and 1858. The first was his China, Australia and the Pacific Islands in the years 1855-56 and which will be referred to again in this article. It is interesting to note that the title quotes the “years 1855-1856”, but in relation to Australia, as we have already seen, D’Ewes was in Australia in 1853 and 1854! The book China, Australia, and the Pacific Island […] is categorised as “rare” by Australian libraries that have it in stock. The Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales – for Sandgate readers, the major library in the world for Australasian material and resources – holds two copies. One of which is David Scott Mitchell’s copy and contains his bookplate and is signed “D.S. Mitchell”. As far as I am aware this was the first time that I have handled a book for an enquiry in the Mitchell Library of such status, but as with every book it is the contents that are of the greater asset – rather than its awe-inspiring provenance or commercial value. The second of D’Ewes two books was entitled “Sporting in both hemispheres”, which was published in 1858 by G. Routledge & Co, of London and New York. One point needs to be made at the outset – the word “Sporting” in the title relates specifically to shooting birds and animals and not to the general noun of Sports as is defined in most language dictionaries. D’EWES TEXT IN HIS BOOK ON THE UN-NAMED HODGES 3Alumni Cantabrigienses …to 1900; comp. by J.A. Venn – Part 2 from 1752 to 1900, V.II Chalmers –Fytche. C.U.P., 1944, p. 289 4D’Ewes, John – China, Australia and the Pacific Islands […] Digital edition, 2007, p. 27. 5This text is based on The Wikipedia article on La Trobe and on the Australian Encyclopaedia. Vol. 5. pp. 246- 248. Sydney, Angus & Robertson, 1958 6D’Ewes, op. cit. p. 60. 7D’Ewes, op. cit. p. 65. 8D’Ewes, op. cit. p. 71. 9D’Ewes, op. cit. p. 105. 2 Now you may be well asking “Why is the first title of John D’Ewes - China, Australia and the Pacific Islands in the years 1855-56 – so important in the context of this article”? First of all D’Ewes met up with Thomas Twisden Hodges in Ballarat in the first period of time of his temporary position in the goldfields in 1853, and he referred to that meeting in this book. Secondly but more importantly – from the point of view of research – D’Ewes did not actually name Hodges when writing about that meeting with Hodges.
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