RESTRICTED WT/TPR/S/394 14 De Octubre De 2019 (19-6592) Página: 1/193 Órgano De Examen De Las Políticas Comerciales EXAMEN DE

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RESTRICTED WT/TPR/S/394 14 De Octubre De 2019 (19-6592) Página: 1/193 Órgano De Examen De Las Políticas Comerciales EXAMEN DE RESTRICTED WT/TPR/S/394 14 de octubre de 2019 (19-6592) Página: 1/193 Órgano de Examen de las Políticas Comerciales EXAMEN DE LAS POLÍTICAS COMERCIALES INFORME DE LA SECRETARÍA REPÚBLICA DEMOCRÁTICA POPULAR LAO El presente informe, preparado para el primer examen de las políticas comerciales de la República Democrática Popular Lao, ha sido redactado por la Secretaría de la OMC bajo su responsabilidad. Como exige el Acuerdo por el que se establece el Mecanismo de Examen de las Políticas Comerciales (Anexo 3 del Acuerdo de Marrakech por el que se establece la Organización Mundial del Comercio), la Secretaría ha pedido aclaraciones a la República Democrática Popular Lao sobre sus políticas y prácticas comerciales. Cualquier pregunta técnica que se plantee en relación con este informe puede dirigirse a Sergios Stamnas (tel.: 022 739 5382) o a Usman Ali Khilji (tel.: 022 739 6936). En el documento WT/TPR/G/394 figura la exposición de políticas presentada por la República Democrática Popular Lao. Nota: El presente informe es de distribución reservada y no debe difundirse a la prensa hasta que haya finalizado la primera sesión de la reunión del Órgano de Examen de las Políticas Comerciales sobre la República Democrática Popular Lao. Este informe ha sido redactado en inglés. WT/TPR/S/394 • República Democrática Popular Lao - 2 - ÍNDICE RESUMEN ......................................................................................................................... 7 1 ENTORNO ECONÓMICO .............................................................................................. 14 1.1 Principales características de la economía ......................................................................14 1.2 Evolución económica reciente .......................................................................................15 1.2.1 Crecimiento e ingresos .............................................................................................15 1.2.2 Precios ...................................................................................................................18 1.2.3 Políticas monetaria y cambiaria .................................................................................18 1.2.4 Política fiscal ...........................................................................................................19 1.2.5 Reformas estructurales .............................................................................................20 1.2.5.1 Reforma fiscal y gestión de la deuda .......................................................................21 1.2.5.2 Privatización .........................................................................................................21 1.2.5.3 Entorno empresarial y productividad laboral .............................................................21 1.2.6 Balanza de pagos .....................................................................................................22 1.3 Evolución del comercio y la inversión ............................................................................24 1.3.1 Tendencias y estructura del comercio de mercancías ....................................................24 1.3.2 Tendencias y estructura de la inversión extranjera directa ............................................27 2 REGÍMENES DE COMERCIO E INVERSIÓN .................................................................. 29 2.1 Marco general ............................................................................................................29 2.2 Formulación y objetivos de la política comercial ..............................................................31 2.2.1 Formulación de la política comercial ...........................................................................31 2.2.1.1 Divisiones del poder ejecutivo ................................................................................31 2.2.1.2 Órganos consultivos ..............................................................................................32 2.2.2 Objetivos de política comercial y relacionada con el comercio ........................................32 2.2.3 Leyes y reglamentos comerciales ...............................................................................34 2.2.4 Transparencia .........................................................................................................36 2.3 Acuerdos y arreglos comerciales ...................................................................................37 2.3.1 OMC .......................................................................................................................37 2.3.1.1 Características ......................................................................................................37 2.3.1.2 Asistencia técnica relacionada con el comercio ..........................................................38 2.3.1.3 Pérdida de la condición de PMA ...............................................................................38 2.3.1.4 Notificación ..........................................................................................................40 2.3.2 Acuerdos regionales y preferenciales ..........................................................................40 2.3.2.1 ASEAN .................................................................................................................43 2.3.2.2 APTA ...................................................................................................................45 2.3.3 Otros acuerdos y arreglos .........................................................................................46 2.4 Régimen de inversiones...............................................................................................46 2.4.1 Marco normativo ......................................................................................................48 2.4.2 Actividades restringidas ............................................................................................48 2.4.3 Registro y autorización .............................................................................................50 WT/TPR/S/394 • República Democrática Popular Lao - 3 - 2.4.4 Promoción de las inversiones.....................................................................................50 2.4.5 Solución de diferencias .............................................................................................51 2.4.6 Evolución de los tratados de inversión ........................................................................52 3 POLÍTICAS Y PRÁCTICAS COMERCIALES, POR MEDIDAS ........................................... 53 3.1 Medidas que afectan directamente a las importaciones ....................................................53 3.1.1 Procedimientos y requisitos aduaneros y valoración en aduana ......................................53 3.1.2 Normas de origen ....................................................................................................56 3.1.3 Aranceles ................................................................................................................56 3.1.3.1 Estructura ............................................................................................................56 3.1.3.2 Arancel aplicado ...................................................................................................57 3.1.3.3 Progresividad y dispersión arancelaria .....................................................................58 3.1.3.4 Consolidaciones arancelarias ..................................................................................59 3.1.3.5 Preferencias arancelarias .......................................................................................59 3.1.4 Otras cargas que afectan a las importaciones ..............................................................60 3.1.5 Prohibiciones, restricciones y licencias de importación ..................................................63 3.1.6 Medidas antidumping, compensatorias y de salvaguardia ..............................................66 3.1.7 Otras medidas que afectan a las importaciones ...........................................................66 3.2 Medidas que afectan directamente a las exportaciones ....................................................67 3.2.1 Procedimientos y requisitos aduaneros .......................................................................67 3.2.2 Impuestos, cargas y gravámenes...............................................................................67 3.2.3 Prohibiciones, restricciones y licencias de importación ..................................................69 3.2.4 Apoyo y promoción de las exportaciones.....................................................................70 3.2.5 Financiación, seguro y garantías de las exportaciones ..................................................71 3.3 Medidas que afectan a la producción y al comercio .........................................................71 3.3.1 Incentivos ...............................................................................................................71 3.3.1.1 Régimen tributario ................................................................................................71 3.3.1.2 Incentivos ............................................................................................................72 3.3.2 Normas y otras prescripciones técnicas ......................................................................75 3.3.3 Prescripciones sanitarias y fitosanitarias .....................................................................78
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