Tunisia.Mom-Rsf.Org-En.Pdf

MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

WHO OWNS THE DATA IN THE MIST MEDIA?

MEDIA AND THE POLITICIANS STATE BEHIND MEDIA

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 1 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Media Ownership Matters

Mass media influence the way facts are viewed and debated in the society. Independence and pluralism in media, public opinion and views –including criticism of people in power –are the safeguards of a healthy democracy. Monitoring and ensuring ownership pluralism is the first step toward independence and freedom of choice.

How can people evaluate the reliability of information if they don't know who provides it? How can journalists work properly if they don't know who controls the company they work for?And how can media authorities address excessive media concentration if they don't know who is behind the media’s steering wheel? Ownership structure may also affect the way the media industry manages its resources. It shapes the economic strength and efficiency of the media sector, which is of particular interest to potential investors.

By mapping out these questions, the Media Ownership Monitor found that in Tunisia, audience shares in each sector of print, radio, television, and online are concentratedamong a handful of key political and economic players. In general, transparency of media ownership structures and access to data are also limited, with no obligation for any owner to publicly display their political affiliation.

Find out more about 'Who owns the media?' in our database.

The information on this website is subject to regular review, based on information provided by the media outlets and companies as well as public records. In light of any relevant development in Tunisia, information displayed on the website is subject to change, accordingly.

Media & Owners Database

MEDIA OWNERS

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 2 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Key Findings

Audience Concentration (Political) Control Over Media Cross-media Concentration Outlets

Measuring audience Political Affiliations Confiscated Media

Audience data is a central factor Despite the prohibitions by the After the revolution, 544 for a media with a business model HAICA political affiliations companies were confiscated, based on advertising. The main continue to exist for several media among those the companies question is however, whether the outlets. TV stations remain the owning Zitouna FM, Dar Assabah, published studies and surveys are media the most caught up in Shems FM, Mosaïque FM and actually credible and neutral? politics. more Hannibal TV. What is their future? more more

Indicators of Risks to Media Pluralism

Regulatory Safeguards: Media Audience Con- Media Ownership Con- Cross-Media Ownership Media Ownership Con- centration centration Concentration centration HIGH NO DATA LOW LOW

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 3 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

(Political) Control Over Regulatory Safeguards: Regulatory Safeguards: Ownership Transparen- Media Outlets and Dis- Cross-Media Ownership Ownership Transparen- cy tribution Networks Concentration cy LOW TO LOW MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM

(Political) Control Over (Political) Control Over News Agencies Media Funding MEDIUM TO MEDIUM HIGH

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 4 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

WHO OWNS THE DATA IN THE MIST MEDIA?

MEDIA AND THE POLITICIANS STATE BEHIND MEDIA

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 5 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Media Ownership Matters

Find out more about 'Who owns the media?' in our database.

Media & Owners Database

MEDIA OWNERS

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 6 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Key Findings

Audience Concentration (Political) Control Over Media Cross-media Concentration Outlets

Measuring audience Political Affiliations Confiscated Media

Indicators of Risks to Media Pluralism

Regulatory Safeguards: Media Audience Con- Media Ownership Con- Cross-Media Ownership Media Ownership Con- centration centration Concentration centration HIGH NO DATA LOW LOW

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 7 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

(Political) Control Over (Political) Control Over News Agencies Media Funding MEDIUM TO MEDIUM HIGH

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 8 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

WHO OWNS THE DATA IN THE MIST MEDIA?

MEDIA AND THE POLITICIANS STATE BEHIND MEDIA

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 9 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Media Ownership Matters

Find out more about 'Who owns the media?' in our database.

Media & Owners Database

MEDIA OWNERS

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 10 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Key Findings

Audience Concentration (Political) Control Over Media Cross-media Concentration Outlets

Measuring audience Political Affiliations Confiscated Media

Indicators of Risks to Media Pluralism

Regulatory Safeguards: Media Audience Con- Media Ownership Con- Cross-Media Ownership Media Ownership Con- centration centration Concentration centration HIGH NO DATA LOW LOW

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 11 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

(Political) Control Over (Political) Control Over News Agencies Media Funding MEDIUM TO MEDIUM HIGH

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 12 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

WHO OWNS THE DATA IN THE MIST MEDIA?

MEDIA AND THE POLITICIANS STATE BEHIND MEDIA

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 13 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Media Ownership Matters

Find out more about 'Who owns the media?' in our database.

Media & Owners Database

MEDIA OWNERS

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 14 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Key Findings

Audience Concentration (Political) Control Over Media Cross-media Concentration Outlets

Measuring audience Political Affiliations Confiscated Media

Indicators of Risks to Media Pluralism

Regulatory Safeguards: Media Audience Con- Media Ownership Con- Cross-Media Ownership Media Ownership Con- centration centration Concentration centration HIGH NO DATA LOW LOW

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 15 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

(Political) Control Over (Political) Control Over News Agencies Media Funding MEDIUM TO MEDIUM HIGH

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 16 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

WHO OWNS THE DATA IN THE MIST MEDIA?

MEDIA AND THE POLITICIANS STATE BEHIND MEDIA

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 17 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Media Ownership Matters

Find out more about 'Who owns the media?' in our database.

Media & Owners Database

MEDIA OWNERS

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 18 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Key Findings

Audience Concentration (Political) Control Over Media Cross-media Concentration Outlets

Measuring audience Political Affiliations Confiscated Media

Indicators of Risks to Media Pluralism

Regulatory Safeguards: Media Audience Con- Media Ownership Con- Cross-Media Ownership Media Ownership Con- centration centration Concentration centration HIGH NO DATA LOW LOW

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 19 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

(Political) Control Over (Political) Control Over News Agencies Media Funding MEDIUM TO MEDIUM HIGH

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 20 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

WHO OWNS THE DATA IN THE MIST MEDIA?

MEDIA AND THE POLITICIANS STATE BEHIND MEDIA

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 21 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Media Ownership Matters

Find out more about 'Who owns the media?' in our database.

Media & Owners Database

MEDIA OWNERS

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 22 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Key Findings

Audience Concentration (Political) Control Over Media Cross-media Concentration Outlets

Measuring audience Political Affiliations Confiscated Media

Indicators of Risks to Media Pluralism

Regulatory Safeguards: Media Audience Con- Media Ownership Con- Cross-Media Ownership Media Ownership Con- centration centration Concentration centration HIGH NO DATA LOW LOW

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 23 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

(Political) Control Over (Political) Control Over News Agencies Media Funding MEDIUM TO MEDIUM HIGH

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 24 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

WHO OWNS THE DATA IN THE MIST MEDIA?

MEDIA AND THE POLITICIANS STATE BEHIND MEDIA

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 25 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Media Ownership Matters

Find out more about 'Who owns the media?' in our database.

Media & Owners Database

MEDIA OWNERS

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 26 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Key Findings

Audience Concentration (Political) Control Over Media Cross-media Concentration Outlets

Measuring audience Political Affiliations Confiscated Media

Indicators of Risks to Media Pluralism

Regulatory Safeguards: Media Audience Con- Media Ownership Con- Cross-Media Ownership Media Ownership Con- centration centration Concentration centration HIGH NO DATA LOW LOW

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 27 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

(Political) Control Over (Political) Control Over News Agencies Media Funding MEDIUM TO MEDIUM HIGH

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 28 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

WHO OWNS THE DATA IN THE MIST MEDIA?

MEDIA AND THE POLITICIANS STATE BEHIND MEDIA

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 29 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Media Ownership Matters

Find out more about 'Who owns the media?' in our database.

Media & Owners Database

MEDIA OWNERS

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 30 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Key Findings

Audience Concentration (Political) Control Over Media Cross-media Concentration Outlets

Measuring audience Political Affiliations Confiscated Media

Indicators of Risks to Media Pluralism

Regulatory Safeguards: Media Audience Con- Media Ownership Con- Cross-Media Ownership Media Ownership Con- centration centration Concentration centration HIGH NO DATA LOW LOW

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 31 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

(Political) Control Over (Political) Control Over News Agencies Media Funding MEDIUM TO MEDIUM HIGH

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 32 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

WHO OWNS THE DATA IN THE MIST MEDIA?

MEDIA AND THE POLITICIANS STATE BEHIND MEDIA

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 33 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Media Ownership Matters

Find out more about 'Who owns the media?' in our database.

Media & Owners Database

MEDIA OWNERS

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 34 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Key Findings

Audience Concentration (Political) Control Over Media Cross-media Concentration Outlets

Measuring audience Political Affiliations Confiscated Media

Indicators of Risks to Media Pluralism

Regulatory Safeguards: Media Audience Con- Media Ownership Con- Cross-Media Ownership Media Ownership Con- centration centration Concentration centration HIGH NO DATA LOW LOW

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 35 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

(Political) Control Over (Political) Control Over News Agencies Media Funding MEDIUM TO MEDIUM HIGH

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 36 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

WHO OWNS THE DATA IN THE MIST MEDIA?

MEDIA AND THE POLITICIANS STATE BEHIND MEDIA

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 37 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Media Ownership Matters

Find out more about 'Who owns the media?' in our database.

Media & Owners Database

MEDIA OWNERS

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 38 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Key Findings

Audience Concentration (Political) Control Over Media Cross-media Concentration Outlets

Measuring audience Political Affiliations Confiscated Media

Indicators of Risks to Media Pluralism

Regulatory Safeguards: Media Audience Con- Media Ownership Con- Cross-Media Ownership Media Ownership Con- centration centration Concentration centration HIGH NO DATA LOW LOW

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 39 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

(Political) Control Over (Political) Control Over News Agencies Media Funding MEDIUM TO MEDIUM HIGH

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 40 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

WHO OWNS THE DATA IN THE MIST MEDIA?

MEDIA AND THE POLITICIANS STATE BEHIND MEDIA

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 41 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Media Ownership Matters

Find out more about 'Who owns the media?' in our database.

Media & Owners Database

MEDIA OWNERS

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 42 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Key Findings

Audience Concentration (Political) Control Over Media Cross-media Concentration Outlets

Measuring audience Political Affiliations Confiscated Media

Indicators of Risks to Media Pluralism

Regulatory Safeguards: Media Audience Con- Media Ownership Con- Cross-Media Ownership Media Ownership Con- centration centration Concentration centration HIGH NO DATA LOW LOW

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 43 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

(Political) Control Over (Political) Control Over News Agencies Media Funding MEDIUM TO MEDIUM HIGH

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 44 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

WHO OWNS THE DATA IN THE MIST MEDIA?

MEDIA AND THE POLITICIANS STATE BEHIND MEDIA

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 45 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Media Ownership Matters

Find out more about 'Who owns the media?' in our database.

Media & Owners Database

MEDIA OWNERS

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 46 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Key Findings

Audience Concentration (Political) Control Over Media Cross-media Concentration Outlets

Measuring audience Political Affiliations Confiscated Media

Indicators of Risks to Media Pluralism

Regulatory Safeguards: Media Audience Con- Media Ownership Con- Cross-Media Ownership Media Ownership Con- centration centration Concentration centration HIGH NO DATA LOW LOW

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 47 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

(Political) Control Over (Political) Control Over News Agencies Media Funding MEDIUM TO MEDIUM HIGH

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 48 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

WHO OWNS THE DATA IN THE MIST MEDIA?

MEDIA AND THE POLITICIANS STATE BEHIND MEDIA

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 49 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Media Ownership Matters

Find out more about 'Who owns the media?' in our database.

Media & Owners Database

MEDIA OWNERS

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 50 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Key Findings

Audience Concentration (Political) Control Over Media Cross-media Concentration Outlets

Measuring audience Political Affiliations Confiscated Media

Indicators of Risks to Media Pluralism

Regulatory Safeguards: Media Audience Con- Media Ownership Con- Cross-Media Ownership Media Ownership Con- centration centration Concentration centration HIGH NO DATA LOW LOW

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 51 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

(Political) Control Over (Political) Control Over News Agencies Media Funding MEDIUM TO MEDIUM HIGH

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 52 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

WHO OWNS THE DATA IN THE MIST MEDIA?

MEDIA AND THE POLITICIANS STATE BEHIND MEDIA

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 53 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Media Ownership Matters

Find out more about 'Who owns the media?' in our database.

Media & Owners Database

MEDIA OWNERS

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 54 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Key Findings

Audience Concentration (Political) Control Over Media Cross-media Concentration Outlets

Measuring audience Political Affiliations Confiscated Media

Indicators of Risks to Media Pluralism

Regulatory Safeguards: Media Audience Con- Media Ownership Con- Cross-Media Ownership Media Ownership Con- centration centration Concentration centration HIGH NO DATA LOW LOW

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 55 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

(Political) Control Over (Political) Control Over News Agencies Media Funding MEDIUM TO MEDIUM HIGH

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:10 56 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

WHO OWNS THE DATA IN THE MIST MEDIA?

MEDIA AND THE POLITICIANS STATE BEHIND MEDIA

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Media Ownership Matters

Find out more about 'Who owns the media?' in our database.

Media & Owners Database

MEDIA OWNERS

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Key Findings

Audience Concentration (Political) Control Over Media Cross-media Concentration Outlets

Measuring audience Political Affiliations Confiscated Media

Indicators of Risks to Media Pluralism

Regulatory Safeguards: Media Audience Con- Media Ownership Con- Cross-Media Ownership Media Ownership Con- centration centration Concentration centration HIGH NO DATA LOW LOW

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(Political) Control Over (Political) Control Over News Agencies Media Funding MEDIUM TO MEDIUM HIGH

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WHO OWNS THE DATA IN THE MIST MEDIA?

MEDIA AND THE POLITICIANS STATE BEHIND MEDIA

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Media Ownership Matters

Find out more about 'Who owns the media?' in our database.

Media & Owners Database

MEDIA OWNERS

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Key Findings

Audience Concentration (Political) Control Over Media Cross-media Concentration Outlets

Measuring audience Political Affiliations Confiscated Media

Indicators of Risks to Media Pluralism

Regulatory Safeguards: Media Audience Con- Media Ownership Con- Cross-Media Ownership Media Ownership Con- centration centration Concentration centration HIGH NO DATA LOW LOW

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(Political) Control Over (Political) Control Over News Agencies Media Funding MEDIUM TO MEDIUM HIGH

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Media

A Changing Media Landscape

The Tunisian media, which was closely monitored and used by the dictatorship for propaganda purposes, has undergone profound changes since the revolution and the departure of ousted President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. Today, the media sector plays an important role in the democratic transition process. The media landscape has become increasingly diversified and legislation and regulatory mechanisms have changed significantly, despite some shortcomings in their implementation.

During the Ben Ali regime, the choice of media, especially in the audio-visual sector was extremely limited. The number of radio and television stations has however increased significantly since 2011. The print sector, despite a post-revolution boom, has suffered from a structural crisis that led to a significant drop in the number of publications, offset by an increase in the number of online media. Television remains the preferred media among Tunisians, before radio, internet and print outlets.

Media ownership and concentration

Since the 90s, the Ben Ali regime tried to diversify the media sector, especially to reduce the influence of foreign media that was critical of the regime. People close or affiliated to the regime founded or invested in the print and audio-visual sector. After the revolution, many of these media were confiscated. This means that until today, many media outlets are de facto under state supervision, in addition to public media institutions.

The ownership structures vary according to the different media sector.

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As the media with the greatest audience, TV channels are of political interest to some of their owners, explaining in part why some were refused a broadcasting licence. Most print publishing houses are family businesses and are linked to the family interests. Most radio stations are held by a large number of shareholders, mostly Tunisian businessmen. Some of them own shares in different radio stations, which increases their influence on public opinion. Public radio stations remain important and community radios are gaining importance. Despite an increase in websites following the democratization of access to internet, the most important online news sites are the online versions of traditional media, in particular websites of private radio stations.

This research has found no cross-media ownership concentration.

Media

TV RADIO INTERNET PRINT

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Radio

In Tunisia, the radio is the second most popular media after television. 67% of households own a radio and as many Tunisians follow the news through this media. In addition, 27% of Tunisians listen to the radio via the Internet. Most of them (91%) listen to radio in Arabic and 10% in French. 55% of the population trusts the information they listen to on the radio.

Radio is diversifying - but public stations remain important

Of the 10 radios analysed, 4 belong to the Tunisian National Radio. The others are private radio stations that were created before or after the revolution. Most private radio stations are owned by Tunisian business men, of which some have shares in several radio stations.

This is the case for the businessman Lotfi Abdennadher, shareholder of radio Mosaique FM and Diwan FM. Aziz Miled is another example. When he died on November 7, 2012 his heirs inherited his shares of the radio Jawhara FM as well as the shares he held of radio Sabra FM through a group of shareholders of a venture capital company (SODIC SICAR). However, none of these shareholders are the controlling shareholders or managers of the radio stations, except Lotfi Abdennadher. He is represented by the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Diwan FM.

The radio sector during the Ben Ali Regime

Under Ben Ali, there were only 4 national public radio station (National Radio, Radio Tunis International Channel, Radio Youth and Cultural Radio) as well as 5 regional public radio stations (in Monastir, Sfax, Kef, Gafsa and Tataouine) all under the control of the authorities. In addition, five private radio stations existed (Mosaique FM, Jawhara FM, Shems FM, Express FM and Zitouna FM) managed by people close to the regime.

Sakhr El Materi, son in law of ousted President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali launched Zitouna FM, a religious radio in 2007. Cyrine Ben Ali, the daughter of Ben Ali, obtained a license for her radio Shems FM in 2010. In addition, Belhassen Trabelsi, brother of Leila Ben Ali (Ben Ali's wife) was one of the shareholders of Mosaique FM, the first private Tunisian radio, created in 2003.

Jawhara FM was also owned by a group of businessmen close to the government, while the licence for the radio Express FM was granted to Murad Gueddiche, son of Mohamed Gueddiche, advisor and personal physician of Ben Ali.

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How has the situation changed since the Revolution?

Since 2011, the number of public, national and regional radio stations, has not changed. The post-revolutionary period has, however, been marked by a significant increase in the number of private radio stations which amount to date to 21, but also of community radio stations, of which 10 obtained their licence from the HAICA. These numbers do not include web radios.

The most popular radios vary by region: for example, Mosaique FM is the most listened to radio in the northern region, while the southern regions rather listen to public regional radio stations (like Radio Tataouine and Radio Gafsa). The web presence is also important for some stations, whose websites are among the most visited ones in Tunisia.

The emergence of community radio stations

Community radios are a new phenomenon in Tunisia. Most of them were created after the revolution. They benefit from the support (financial, material, or capacity development) of international actors and the HAICA. 10 community radios that meet the requirements of the specifications of the HAICA obtained a licence (Radio 6, Sawt Al Manajem, Dream FM, Media Libre FM, Houna El Gassrine, Al Jerid FM, K FM, Nefzaoua FM, Radio Campus, Radio Regueb). Community radios have been recognised legally by the Decree Law 2011-116 which defines them as radios that are "specialized, local, non-profit and serving the public interest" (specification of the HAICA).

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Radio Database

Diwan FM IFM Jawhara FM Mosaïque FM

Radio Gafsa Radio Jeunes Radio Le Kef Radio Monastir

Radio Nationale Radio Sfax Radio Tataouine Sabra FM

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Shems FM Zitouna FM

Sources

E. Lamjed (National Broadcasting Cooperation), interview, May 29, 2016 AMARC (2015), Les radios associatives et communautaires en Tunisie - Etat des Lieux 2015 National Statistics Institute (2012) Indicateurs et données statistiques TIC Northwestern University in Qatar (2015), Media Use in the Middle East 2015 Sigma Conseil (2016), Audiences Radio, Open Sigma 2016 UNESCO (2012), Assessment of Media Development in Tunisia

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Television

Television is the most popular medium: 98% of households own a TV, 83% of Tunisians use this media to follow the news, while 61 % consider the information broadcasted as trustworthy. TV programs are mainly in Arabic: only 34% of Tunisians also watch TV in French language.

Diversity and Transparency

There are currently two public television channels and 12 private channels - a figure that is constantly changing since the revolution. Since the implementation of the specifications of the audio-visual regulatory authority HAICA, some channels broadcast their programs without license, such as Zitouna TV. In response to political, legal or economic constraints, some have merged or changed their shareholders, others are struggling to survive, or those with an unregulated legal status disseminate via foreign satellites.

Television during the Ben Ali regime

In 1966, ten years after independence, Habib Bourguiba officially launched the first public television channel. In 1994, nearly 30 years later, his successor, Zine El-Abidine Ben Ali, launched the second national channel (then called Canal 21) in order to address the critical influence of some foreign channels - especially France 2 which broadcasted on the terrestrial channel. The two public channels were renamed Wataniya (National) 1 and 2 in 2011, after the revolution.

In the 2000s, the first private television channels emerged. The first one, Hannibal TV, was launched in 2005 by a businessman affiliated to the Ben Ali clan. In 2007, Nessma TV, receives its authorisation. However the television licenses were issued based on opaque and arbitrary criteria to people close to the regime. The programs of these channels generally avoided political content. The only opposition channel "El Hiwar El Tounsi" was launched from abroad in 2003. In order to access information not controlled by the government, Tunisians had to turn to international channels that broadcasted via satellite.

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How has the situation changed since the Revolution?

Since 2011, the TV landscape has diversified. New licenses are issued in order to break the monopoly of the members of the Ben Ali clan. In 2011, INRIC recommended issuing licences to 5 channels. Since 2013, licenses are granted by the HAICA based on clear specifications.

Political leaders seem aware of the immense audience that TV reaches compared to other media media outlets: TV is their main communication channel. New regulations were specifically designed to unbundle the linkages with politicians or parties but TV stations are still often - directly or indirectly - tied to them. Some TV stations close to the Islamists have emerged, while some founders or owners of other stations clearly display their political preferences or ambitions.

PS: The team would like to thank IPSOS for having shared its latest study on television audience that was used to establish the list of the 10 TV channels.

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TV Database

Al Janoubia TV Al Watanya I Al Watanya II Attessia TV

Carthage + El Hiwar El Tounsi Hannibal TV Nessma TV

Zitouna Hidaya TV Zitouna TV

Sources

BBC Media Action (2014), After the Revolution: Libyan and Tunisian Media through the people’s eyes INRIC (2012), Instance Nationale pour la Réforme de l’Information & de la Communication: Rapport Général National Statistics Institute (2012) Indicateurs et données statistiques TIC Northwestern University in Qatar (2015), Media Use in the Middle East 2015

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UNESCO (2012), Assessment of Media Development in Tunisia

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Print is the least popular media sector. According to estimates, about 50 newspapers are published and around 100,000 copies are sold per day. 76% of those reading newspapers read them in Arabic. Only 38% of Tunisians consider that the information disseminated in the press is reliable.

Diversity

Most newspapers owners are family businesses, which do not seem to be active in other business sectors, apart from newspaper printing. Three out of the ten newspapers that were analysed are managed by the state - they are published by the Snipe or Dar Assabah, a private company that was confiscated in 2011. Two newspapers belong to the publishing house Dar Anouar. Al Bayane belongs to an employers organisation. In contrast to the audio-visual sector, partisan media is permitted. The Islamist party Ennahda owns for example the weekly Al Fajr, and the Workers Party the weekly Sawt Shaab.

The print media during the Ben Ali regime

During the old regime, newspapers were censored and directors were imprisoned or threatened. Unlike in the audio-visual sector, opposition newspapers existed, but were very marginalised.

In addition to direct censorship, the state exercised control through the Tunisian External Communication Agency (ATCE), which functioned as a propaganda tool. The ATCE had the monopoly to distribute state advertising, which was used as a mean to influence editorial policies as well as content. The mission of the department of political affairs of the Ministry of Interior was to control all editorial content prior to release. It was also responsible for issuing licences and authorizing newspaper circulation. It also prepared reports on the functioning of the media and the behaviour of independent journalists.

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How has the situation changed since the Revolution?

In the immediate aftermath of the 2011 Revolution, newspapers mushroomed - reaching a peak of 228 publications. But soon after, titles quickly disappeared again due to a lack of funding or ties to the former regime. The most recent estimations assume that the print market narrowed down to around 50 titles.

Since the Ministry of Information vanished, no regulatory body exists for the print sector that would publish coherent and official figures on the number, sales and distribution of newspapers. Distribution figures are, if available, inflated to attract advertisers.

Another post-revolutionary change concerns the licensing process: no official license is needed anymore, a simple declaration to the District Court is now sufficient to start a newspaper.

In order to improve the conditions for the print sector, the National Union of Tunisian Journalists (SNJT), the Tunisian Federation of Newspaper Directors (FTDJ) and the Tunisian League of Human Rights (LTDH) want to set up a Press Council. Its declared objective is to promote the respect of journalistic ethics. It would also provide advice on public financial support through advertising and subscriptions.

The financial crisis of the print sector

The print sector is confronted with a major financial crisis. The main funding sources are state subscriptions, advertising revenues and newspaper sales. The press had to take some severe blows: in 2012, the state annulled all its newspaper subscriptions, advertising revenues are dropping and the readership is defecting to alternative information sources. Especially, the competition of an increasing number of electronic media adds to these difficulties.

The sector accumulates an estimated debt of 8 million dinars to the Social Security Fund (CNSS), and some journalists face a precarious financial situation, often being paid late or being underpaid. The lack of regulation

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for the distribution of state advertising remains a serious problem for many newspaper editors. Some scholars however also point to the quality of certain newspapers, often short of journalistic standards, and the need to increase the readership to qualify for public advertising. So far no institution controls the distribution of advertising, pending the creation of a new regulatory body.

Print Database

Akhbar al Joumhouria Al Akhbar Al Anouar Al Bayane

Al Chourouk Al Moussawar Assabah Assarih

Essahafa Alyawm La Presse

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Sources

BBC Media Action (2014), After the Revolution: Libyan and Tunisian Media through the people’s eyes A. Hizaoui, interview, April 29, 2016 INRIC (2012), Instance Nationale pour la Réforme de l’Information & de la Communication: Rapport Général A. Khochtali & H. Ghribi (Dar Assabah), interview, May 9, 2016 D. Neji (Présidence du Gouvernement), interview, May 18, 2016 Northwestern University in Qatar (2015), Media Use in the Middle East 2015 B.Tayaa (SNIPE), interview, April 21, 2016 UNESCO (2012), Assessment of Media Development in Tunisia T. Zahar (FTDJ), interview, May 5, 2016

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Online Media

With an average of 29 hours per week, Tunisians spend more time surfing the net than watching television (26h), listening to the radio (15h) or reading the newspaper (3h). Nevertheless, people still turn to TV and radio first as an information source, online news has left print news behind.

Internet usage increased rapidly: 46% of Tunisians are online in 2016, compared to only 13% in 2006. The country can count on a relatively developed infrastructure, with a mobile data penetration rate at 63.7% in February 2016, although only 16.2% have access to a broadband connection at home.

In addition to a constantly increasing internet penetration rate, the rise of social media has enabled online media to increase their reach. On average, 30% of the traffic of the websites studied, comes through Facebook (Alexa estimation), a social network used by 34% of the Tunisian population.

Diversity

Unlike traditional media outlets, popular online media does not belong to the state. It seems that the state still struggles to adapt to the digital age and to make use of new technologies.

The study also reveals that traditional private media manages best to generate traffic. Three radio websites sites, two websites of newspapers and the website of a television are among the most visited online media.

Online news mushroomed after the revolution as they are not subject to any sort of regulation and they only require a small investment compared to other media. More than half of the fifty most visited online media between 2015 and 2016 (according to consolidated Alexa rankings for this time) were created after the fall of the Ben Ali regime.

Online media during the Ben Ali regime

With the rise of the Internet in the 2000s, the Ben Ali regime developed a broad censorship system of websites, blogs or social media pages considered to be critical of the government. Critical content such as the collective blog "Nawaat" (launched in 2004) was inaccessible in Tunisia. Nawaat's blogger Zouheir Yahyaoui was even imprisoned and died shortly after his detention in jail.

Following the violently suppressed revolt in the mining region in 2008, censorship was expanded to sites like Youtube or Dailymotion, which were used to broadcast videos accusing the regime. Tunisians started to use proxy servers to be able to circumvent this censorship.

The online newspapers authorised where mainly those of already existing traditional media such as Mosaïque FM, Nessma TV or the site of the news agency TAP. Online media managed to avoid censorship when specializing in topics less sensitive than politics. Media focusing on economics (Business News, Kapitalis, Web Manager Center, etc) or on new technologies (Takiano) emerged.

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Online media after the revolution

The liberation of expression after the revolution, the inexistence of regulation and the relatively low prices enabled the proliferation of online news sites. Online media are now legally recognised in Decree Law 115 of November 2, 2011.

However no regulation defines clearly what an online media is. Thus, an increasing number of “information” websites provides access to a very large amount of more or less reliable content.

User numbers that are very volatile and difficult to measure

Depending on the speed, quantity and more or less viral content of publications, the audience of online media remains unstable and the statistics provided by the site Alexa are not very reliable. This has an impact on the calculation of prices and sales of online advertising.

Even though online information consumption exceeds that of the printed press, its market share still remains very low (Sigma estimates). The Press Council, an idea promoted by the Federation of Newspaper Editors (FDTJ) and the National Union of Tunisian Journalists (SNJT), whose prerogatives would include among others providing an opinion on the distribution of public advertising, will also cover online media.

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Online Database

Akherkhabaronline.com Alchourouk.com Aljarida.com.tn babnet.net

businessnews.com.tn Jawharafm.net Jomhouria.com mosaiquefm.net

Mtunisiatv.com Shemsfm.net Tunigate.net

Sources

Arab Social Media Report, Facebook Penetration INRIC (2012), Instance Nationale pour la Réforme de l’Information & de la Communication: Rapport Général Institut National de la Statistique (2012) Indicateurs et données statistiques TIC Northwestern University in Qatar (2015), Media Use in the Middle East 2015

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World Bank (2016), Internet Users

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Mosaïque FM

Mosaïque FM is the first private radio station in Tunisia. Currently, covering much of the north of the country it is in the vague of enlarging its reach to the whole territory. It is also broadcasted online via its website.

Launched on 7 November 2003, it employs today 100 employees and about 45 collaborators, regional correspondents and independent consultants. Mosaïque FM became quickly known and it is now the most listened to radio in Tunisia.

It was long considered the "radio Trabelsi" because Belhassen Trabelsi, brother of former first lady Leila Ben Ali, holds 13% of the shares; founder and director of the radio, Noureddine Boutar, is the majority shareholder. Since the 2011 revolution, the Trabelsi shares were confiscated by the Tunisian State.

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Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage National

Content Type free content

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Media Companies / Groups MED TELECOM

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Ownership

Ownership Structure Other shareholders Jamel MZABI (13.27%) Abdelkader HAMROUNI (13.27%) Hedi MECHRI (13.27%) Tunisian State (confiscated) (13.27%)

Voting Rights According to the Tunisian Code of Commercial Companies. The votes are distributed according to the units each shareholder has.

Individual Owner  Noureddine Boutar 20.3 %

 Lotfi Abdennadher 13.3 %

 Lazhar Sta 13%

Media Companies / Groups

MED TELECOM

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Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2003

Founder Noureddine Boutar

Ceo Noureddine Boutar

Editor-In-Chief Neji ZAIRI

Affiliated Interests Editor-In- Journalist and director of the editorial of Mosaique FM. Neji Zairi was press Chief officer of the Ministry of Justice (Minister: Bashir TEKKARI) under Ben Ali and worked as Press Secretary for the Ministry of Interior after the revolution

Other Important People Lotfi Abdennadher

Affiliated Interests other Lotfi Abdennadher is shareholder at Mosaique FM and the radio Diwan FM in important people Sfax, represented by Yassine Laamouri who manages several companies of the Abdennadher Group.

Contact Immeuble Mosaïque Rue 8003 Montplaisir, Tunis Tel: +216 71 113 000 Email:  [email protected] http://mosaiquefm.net/

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) 5 Mio. $/ 10.77 Mio. TND (2015)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) 1.1 Mio. $/ 2.4 Mio. TND (2015)

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Advertising (in % of total (private : 95%, public : 5%) funding)

Market Share Missing Data

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Diwan FM

Diwan FM is a private radio in the city of Sfax broadcasting on FM. It offers general programming which ranges from news and sports to music. The Diwan Radio is the most listened to radio in Sfax.

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage Local

Content Type free content

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Media Companies / Groups Addiwen de production audio visuelle

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Ownership

Ownership Structure Other shareholders: Abdel Aziz Loukil (1.5%), Lotfi Taktak (1%), Abbes Mseddi (7.2%), Mohamed Amin Mseddi (1%), Wadii Mseddi (1%), Nejib Chaaben (1%), Ahmed Khemiri,(0.5%), , Hsouna Mazghanni (1%), Rima Dhouib (3.8%), Faouzi Masmoudi (4%), Mahdi Ben Omor (1.5%), Mondher Zayéni (1.5%), Zakia Abidi (1.5%), Rabaa Hadrich (1%), Mohamed Dhouib (1%)

Khaled Lahkim (5%) & Isthithmar Equipments (Khaled Lahkim) 7.2%

Famille Jamoussi: Mokhtar Hédi Jamoussi (2.8%) Bayya Jamoussi (2.8%) Chihem Jammousi (10.5%) Chékib Jammousi (4.3%) Chéfik Jammousi (3.8%) Ferdaous Jammousi (3.8%)

Yassine Laamouri (Agrimed): represents Lotfi Abdennadher

Individual Owner  Lotfi Abdennadher 30.8 %

 Famille Jamoussi 28%

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Media Companies / Groups

Addiwen de production audio visuelle

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2015

Founder Abbes Mseddi, Chihem Jammousi, Abdel Aziz Loukil, Lotfi Taktak, Noemen Hamza.

Ceo Abbes Mseddi (Managing Directorl)

Editor-In-Chief Mahdi Ben Omor

Affiliated Interests Editor-In- Mahdi Ben Amor is shareholder of the company ADDIWEN DE PRODUCTION Chief AUDIO VISUELLE

Other Important People Foued Mbarek

Affiliated Interests other Editorial assistant important people

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Contact Route De Tenouir, Km 5 ,SFAX Immeuble Jamoussi  [email protected]

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

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Jawhara FM

General radio station that focuses on entertainment, music, culture, sport and information. It was launched on 25 July 2005, in celebration of the Tunisian Republic.

Jawhara FM is first radio to broadcast from the Sahel, where its name comes from as "Jawhara" means pearl in Arabic, referring to the Sousse region the "Pearl of the Sahel". Its the most popular radio in the Sahel region.

The Radio is owned by a group of businessmen close to the regime of Ben Ali. Its license was granted to Néji Mhiri, personal friend of Ben Ali.

Its Manager Ali Haj Youssef was director of the public radio station "Radio Youth".

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Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage Local

Content Type free content

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Media Companies / Groups Société Jawhara des médias et des telecommunications

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Ownership

Ownership Structure Other shareholders Amer Ben Abdallah (4%) Neji Stambouli (8%) Hosni Jamali (8%) Abd El Aziz Ben Saad (8%) Mounir Morjane (8%) Société l'EPI D'OR (8%) Abd El Hakim Hmila (8%) Mohamed Fourti (8%) Mohamed Bechir Sfar (8%) Société VITALAIT (4%) Société mediterraneenne des services aeriens (8%)

Individual Owner  Ali Haj Youssef 4%

 Lazhar Sta 8%

 Heirs of Aziz Miled 8%

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Media Companies / Groups

Société Jawhara des médias et des telecommunications

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2005

Ceo Ali Belhadj Youcef

Contact Rue des Orangers Khzema Est 4051, Sousse  www.jawharafm.net

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

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Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

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Sabra FM

Taking into consideration the creation of Radio Kairouan that broadcasted for a brief period during the 70s and which, for political reasons, did not last long, Sabra FM is the second private radio of the region.

Broadcasting since 14 January 2012, the station has a regional focus and communicates with the public in a mix of dialectic and literal Arabic.

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type public

Geographic Coverage Local

Content Type free content

Media Companies / Groups Société Khaldouni Production

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Ownership

Company  SIDCO SICAR ?

Individual Owner  Sabra FM Shareholders ?

Media Companies / Groups

Société Khaldouni Production

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2013

Founder Amor Naggazi

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Affiliated Interests Founder CEO of the radio Sabra Fm, journalist for Sabra Fm, director of the festival “Printemps de Kairouan” and vice-president of the football, team from Kairouan "Al Chabiba"

Ceo Amor Naggazi

Affiliated Interests Ceo CEO of the radio Sabra Fm, journalist for Sabra Fm, director of the festival “Printemps de Kairouan” and vice-president of the football, team from Kairouan "Al Chabiba"

Other Important People Wadiaa Naggazi

Affiliated Interests other Directeur d'antenne important people

Contact Adresse : Av, Abou Zamâa El Balaoui, 3100 Kairouan, Tunisie Téléphone : +216.77.238.220 & +216.77.238.210 Site web:  www.radiosabrafm.net Email :  [email protected] /  [email protected]

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Headlines  http://tunisiefm.net/sabra-fm

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Radio Nationale

The Tunisian National Radio is the first general public radio of the country. It broadcasts mainly in literal Arabic and Tunisian dialect, although originally it was rather intended for French residents in Tunisia and the "natives" that is to say the local population.

It was launched October 15, 1938, in the month of Ramadan. At that time, following the initiative of the Council of the Popular Front, it had became popular and was successful among listeners beating BBC, Radio Rome, Radio Toulouse, Radio Alger, Radio Paris and Radio Bari. At a tense pre-second world war time, the leadership of the anti-fascist radio was entrusted to the famous journalist, poet and co-founder of the surrealist movement, Philippe Soupault, whose purpose was none other than "to contribute to the spread of French thought in the whole of North Africa. "

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Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type public

Geographic Coverage National

Content Type free content

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Media Companies / Groups Institution of the Tunisian Radio

Ownership

Company  Tunisian State 100 %

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Media Companies / Groups

Institution of the Tunisian Radio

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1938

Founder Etat tunisien

Ceo Abderrazzak Tabib

Affiliated Interests Ceo Abderrazak Tabib was correspondent in Tunisia for television station France24 and member of the National Union of Tunisian Journalists (SNJT).

Editor-In-Chief Fathi Charwandi

Other Important People Soefiene Ben Aissa

Affiliated Interests other Director important people

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Contact 71, avenue de la Liberté Tunis Téléphone : +21671847300 Fax: +21671780993 Site web:  www.radiotunisienne.tn Email :  [email protected]

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

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Radio Jeunes

Radio jeunes is a Tunisian public radio station established on 7 November 1995.

It broadcasts on FM throughout the national territory and has two studios (studios 13 and 14) at the Tunisian Broadcasting house in Tunis (Liberty Avenue).

This public radio focuses on Tunisian youth with a varied programme.

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Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type public

Geographic Coverage National

Content Type free content

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Media Companies / Groups Institution of the Tunisian Radio

Ownership

Company  Tunisian State 100 %

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Media Companies / Groups

Institution of the Tunisian Radio

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1995

Founder Etat tunisien

Ceo Abderrazzak Tabib

Affiliated Interests Ceo Abderrazak Tabib was correspondent in Tunisia for television station France24 and member of the National Union of Tunisian Journalists (SNJT).

Editor-In-Chief Fatima Ben Hmed

Other Important People Malek Riahi

Affiliated Interests other Director important people

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Contact 71, avenue de la Liberté,Tunis  www.radiojeunes.tn

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Headlines

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Radio Sfax

Radio Sfax is a general regional public radio in Arabic. Founded December 8, 1961, it covers mainly the region of Sfax and its surroundings, the centre and southeast of Tunisia.

Only since 1991 the station started broadcasting 20 hours per day and since 1 October 2012, 24-hours.

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Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type public

Geographic Coverage Regional

Content Type free content

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Media Companies / Groups Institution of the Tunisian Radio

Ownership

Company  Tunisian State 100 %

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Media Companies / Groups

Institution of the Tunisian Radio

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1961

Founder Etat tunisien

Ceo Abderrazzak Tabib

.عبد الرزاق الطبيب كان مراسل قناة فرنسا 24 في تونس Affiliated Interests Ceo

Editor-In-Chief Rachid Karray

Other Important People Mabrouk Maachaoui

Affiliated Interests other Director important people

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Contact Route Menzel Chaker KM 0.5 - 3058 Sfax, Tunisie Téléphone : +216.74.24.06.55 & +216.74.24.06.70 Fax : +216.74.24.59.71 Site web :  www.radiotunisie.com.tn/sfax/ Email :  [email protected]

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

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Radio Tataouine

It is the most listened to public radio in southern Tunisia. Its headquarters is in the city of Tataouine. Radio Tataouine is a general regional public that broadcasts in most of the Southeast of Tunisia in Arabic dialect.

The radio was created November 7, 1993 with 6 hours of daily coverage only at the time, but over the years has been very successful, especially compared with other regional public radios. Its success is due to its approach of being close to the people.

The station broadcasts 18 hours a day throughout the week and 20 hours on Saturday and Sunday.

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Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type public

Geographic Coverage Regional

Content Type free content

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Media Companies / Groups Institution of the Tunisian Radio

Ownership

Company  Tunisian State 100 %

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Media Companies / Groups

Institution of the Tunisian Radio

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1993

Founder Etat tunisien

Ceo Abderrazzak Tabib

Affiliated Interests Ceo Abderrazak Tabib was correspondent in Tunisia for television station France24 and member of the National Union of Tunisian Journalists (SNJT).

Editor-In-Chief Farah Chandoul

Other Important People Yassine Garrab

Affiliated Interests other Director important people

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Contact Cité du 7 novembre 3263 Tataouine Téléphone : +21671847300 Fax: +216 75.870.188 Site web:  www.radiotunisienne.tn/tataouine/ Email :  [email protected] Skype: radiotataouine

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Headlines  http://tunisiefm.net/radio-tatouine

 http://www.radiojeunes.tn/%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%86/

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Shems FM

Cyrine Ben Ali, daughter of former President Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali, gets permission to operate a radio which was launched on September 27, 2010. The parent company Tunisia Broadcasting, with a capital of 1.5 million dinars, is headed by a board consisting of Cyrine Ben Ali, Chakib Nouira, Tahar Bayahi and Fathi Bhoury (general manager of the station). Shems FM is the country's second private radio. It offers general programs with an emphasis on sport and information.

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private (confiscated)

Geographic Coverage National

Media Companies / Groups Tunisia Broadcasting

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Ownership

Company  Tunisian State (Confiscated property) 70%

Individual Owner  Taher Bayahi 15%

 Chékib Nouira 15%

Media Companies / Groups

Tunisia Broadcasting

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2010

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Founder Cyrine Ben Ali

Affiliated Interests Founder Daughter of former President Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali, Cyrine Ben Ali married in 1996 the businessman Marouane Mabrouk, businessman and chairman of Orange Tunisia.

Marouane Mabrouk is also head of the Mabrouk Group, leader in mass retail (Grande distribution) and active in banking, car dealership and telecommunications.

Ceo Lotfi Zaghdena

Contact Adresse : 5, rue du Lac d’Annecy, 1053 Tunis Tunisie Langue : Arabe et Français Téléphone : +216.31.101.700 +216.71.167.070 Site web :  www.shemsfm.net Email :  [email protected]

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Headlines  https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shems_FM

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Zitouna FM

First faith-based private radio station with the slogan "Tolerance, temperance and moderation, from heart to heart." It broadcasts mainly in Arabic with some programs in French.

The station was founded by Sakher El Materi, the son-in-law of former president Zine el Abidine Ben Ali. Zitouna FM is property of the Tunisian State since 14 January 2011. It is in the process of becoming public radio joining the Tunisian radio institution.

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Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private (confiscated)

Geographic Coverage National

Content Type free content

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Ownership

Company  Tunisian State (Confiscated property) 100 %

Facts

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General Information

Founding Year 2007

Founder Sakhr El Materi

Affiliated Interests Founder Born December 2, 1981 in Tunis, Sakhr El Materi is a Tunisian businessman and politician, son-in-law of Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia from 1987 to 2011.

From 2004 he leads the large group, El Karama Holding, previously Princess Holding, which is a Tunisian business group of around twenty companies in automobile, trade, real estate, cruise, tourism, finance, media, telecommunications and agriculture sectors.

The constitution of this group and the personal fortune of its boss, whose origin dates back to the privatization of the Bank of the South in 2005, have always been highly controversial and are now the subject of several lawsuits.

With the Tunisian revolution and the escape of Sakhr El Materi in January 2011, his shares were confiscated by the state

Contact 61, avenue Habib-Bourguiba 2016 Carthage  www.zitounafm.net

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) 350 000 $/ 700 000. TND ( Budget 2015)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

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IFM

Radio IFM is a private Tunisian radio station broadcasting on the FM band since 4 November 2011. Founded by Hamed Soyah, this is the first radio of the country with the theme "music and laughter"; its programme alternates between sketches and songs.

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage Regional

Content Type free content

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Media Companies / Groups Radio Ibtissama FM

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Ownership

Group / Individual Owner  Groupe d'assurance la carte 51%

Individual Owner  Hamed Soyah 34%

 Sofiene Boussetta 15%

Media Companies / Groups

Radio Ibtissama FM

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2011

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Founder Hamed Soyah - Sofiane Boussetta

Affiliated Interests Founder President of the IFM Foundation (association) and member of its steering committee, including its Secretary General, Sofiene Boussetta and its Treasurer, Thameur Chagour. The foundation's primary objective is "to help the most disadvantaged people" through projects supported by donations from the general public, businesses and various organizations. The sponsor of this project is the actor Jaafar Guesmi, presenter for IFM radio, which supports a series of theater shows whose profits go to the IFM Foundation.

Ceo Hamed Soyah

Editor-In-Chief Zeineb Melki

Affiliated Interests Editor-In- Directrice d'antenne Chief

Other Important People Sofiane Boussetta

Affiliated Interests other Deputy General Director and shareholder at radio Ibtissama Fm important people

Contact Immeuble Louati 4e étage Lot 6.5.9 Les Jardins du Lac - Tunis - Tunisie (+216) 70 016 020  [email protected]

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

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Further Information

Headlines  Radio IFM

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Hannibal TV

Hannibal TV is the first private television channel to have obtained an authorisation from the Tunisian authorities, under Ben Ali. It was launched in 2005 by businessman Larbi Nasra. In 2013, Mr. Nasra and his family sell most of their parts to Saudi and Tunisian businessmen. The founder of the station then decided to devote himself to his political activities.

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage National

Content Type free content

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Media Companies / Groups Audio Visual International Production AVIP - Tunisie SA

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Ownership

Ownership Structure Other shareholders Arab Lions SARL Mongi Makni Habib Makni Imed Ghaïth (Tunisian businessmen)

Individual Owner  Tarek Kedada 49%

 Noureddine Hachicha ?

Company  Tunisian State (Confiscated property) 10%

Media Companies / Groups

Audio Visual International Production AVIP - Tunisie SA

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Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2005

Founder Larbi Nasra

Affiliated Interests Founder The businessman Larbi Nasra launched the first private television channel in Tunisia, Hannibal TV on February 12, 2005, one year after obtaining the authorisation. In January 2011, after the departure of Ben Ali, he was arrested for one day for "high treason and conspiracy against the security of the state", accused of spreading false information. He was arrested along with his son, Mehdi Nasra, married to a member of the Trabelsi family. In November 2013, he sells nearly 90% of the shares of Hannibal TV and then entered politics. He founded a political party in June 2014 and was a candidate in the presidential election of 2014, where he won 0.2% of votes.

Ceo Noureddine Hachicha (Chairman of the Executive Board ). Zouheir El Gumbri (Director General)

Affiliated Interests Ceo Chairman of the SOROUBAT Group

Other Important People Tarek Kedada (presented as principal shareholder) (Gaia Equity Limited)

Affiliated Interests other Tarek Kedada is a Saudi investor of Palestinian origin important people

Contact Tel: +216 70 944 944 www.hannibaltv.com.tn

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

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Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Headlines  Informations générales sur Hannibal TV

Sources  Larbi Nasra

 Interview with Tarek Kedada

infojort.com

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Nessma TV

Nessma TV's is the second Tunisian private television channel, launched on 23 March 2007. It was officially opened by the Minister of Communications e. Nessma Rouge targeted the Maghreb while Nessma Blue targeted the Arab world and Europe. On October 9, 2011, two weeks before the first free elections that followed the revolution, the distribution of the Persepolis caused a wave of outrage and violence as the French-Iranian film was accused of violating the sacred. The headquarters of the TV and the home of Nebil Karoui are attacked in Tunis.

The capital of the company Nessma Entertainment is originally held by the Tunisian advertising Group Karoui & Karoui World. In 2008, the Group announced that the Italian Group Mediaset, linked to Silvio Berlusconi and the businessman Tarek Ben Ammar entered in the capital.

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage Maghreb

Content Type free content

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Media Companies / Groups Nessma Broadcast

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Ownership

Individual Owner  Nebil Karoui 50%

 Silvio Berlusconi 25%

 Tarek Ben Ammar 24%

 Tarek Ben Ammar 1%

Media Companies / Groups

Nessma Broadcast

Facts

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General Information

Founding Year 2007

Founder Nebil Karoui

Affiliated Interests Founder Nebil Karoui is the founder of the second private television channel that received authorization in Tunisia. He owns companies specialized in advertising, marketing and audio visual production. In 2016, he officially resigned as CEO of Nessma TV to concentrate on his political activities within the party Nida Tounes.

Ceo Zied Erriba

Editor-In-Chief Lotfi Mechri

Contact 75, Av. Mohamed V, Cite Jardins, Tunis, 1002 Tél: +216 71 465 647 Fax:+216 71 464 665 Email: [email protected]

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Sources  Nessma TV (Wikipédia)

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 Site officiel de Nessma TV

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El Hiwar El Tounsi

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage National

Content Type free content

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Media Companies / Groups El Hiwar Ettounsi TV SA

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Ownership

Individual Owner  Asma Ben Jmiaa wife Fehri 99%

Media Companies / Groups

El Hiwar Ettounsi TV SA

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2003

Founder Tahar Ben Hassine

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Affiliated Interests Founder Tahar Ben Hassine is a former opponent of the Bourguiba regime. After being imprisoned in the 60s, he left Tunisia for France, via Libya. He creates Al Hiwar Ettounsi in 2003 and gives voice to opponents of the Ben Ali regime. After the revolution, he returned to Tunisia and continues his political and media activities, he joins the party Nida Tounes. In 2014, he sells his shares to Asma Fehri, wife of Sami Fehri, who launched the channel Ettounsiya TV. The two TV stations merge.

Ceo Asma Ben Jmiaa Fehri

Affiliated Interests Ceo Femme de Sami Fehri, ancien associé de Belhassen Trabelsi, gendre de l’ancien président Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. Ayant des problèmes avec la Justice depuis la révolution, Sami Fehri a mis la société au nom de sa femme.

Contact [email protected]

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) 1.340.029,79 Mio. $/ 4.002.870 Dinars Mio. TND (2017)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) -12.648.18 $/ -37.782 TND (2017)

Advertising (in % of total 100% (4.002.870 Mio. TND) funding)

Market Share MD

Further Information

Sources Infojort, Registre du commerce

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Al Watanya I

Wataniya 1 is the first channel of the Tunisian state television. It celebrated 50 years in 2016. First a propaganda organ of the dictatorship regime under Bourguiba and Ben Ali, the works on its democratic transition since the revolution.

Key facts

Audience Share MD

Ownership Type public

Geographic Coverage National

Content Type free content

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Media Companies / Groups Établissement de la télévision tunisienne

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Ownership

Company  Tunisian State 100 %

Media Companies / Groups

Établissement de la télévision tunisienne

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1966

Founder Tunisian state

Affiliated Interests Founder Launched by Mohamed Mzali, 10 years after independence and inaugurated by Habib Bourguiba

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Ceo Rached Younes

Affiliated Interests Ceo Appointed after the controversial dismissal of Mustapha Ben Letaief in November 2015 by the government. His appointment was rejected by the HAICA and SNJT.

Editor-In-Chief Abdelmajid Mraïhi (Director)

Other Important People Presidency of the Government

HAICA (Independent High Authority for Audio-visual Communication)

Affiliated Interests other The CEO of the Tunisian television shall be appointed by the Presidency of the important people Government upon favourble opinion of the HAICA

Contact Boulevard de la Ligue arabe Notre Dame Tel: +216 71 800 844  [email protected]

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) 22.44 Mio. $ / 49.017 Mio. TND (budget 2015)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) -10 Mio. $ / -22 Mio. TND (2015)

Advertising (in % of total 22% funding)

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Headlines  https://fr.wikipedia.org/ wiki/%C3%89tablissement_de_la_t%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_tunisienne

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Sources Interview with the Communication Officer of the Presidency of the Government

Interview with members of the HAICA

Mail from the Presidency of the Government

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Al Watanya II

Wataniya 2, the second public television channel, was created by Ben Ali in 1994. At that time it was called Canal 21.

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type public

Geographic Coverage National

Content Type free content

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Media Companies / Groups Établissement de la télévision tunisienne

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Ownership

Company  Tunisian State 100 %

Media Companies / Groups

Établissement de la télévision tunisienne

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1994

Founder Tunisian state

Affiliated Interests Founder Launched on November 7, 1994 (the anniversary of the coup against Bourguiba in 1987), on behalf of ousted President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali

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Ceo Rached Younes

Affiliated Interests Ceo Appointed after the controversial dismissal of Mustapha Ben Letaief in November 2015 by the government. His appointment was rejected by the HAICA and SNJT.

Editor-In-Chief Senda Gharbi Baccari (Director)

Other Important People Presidency of the Government

HAICA (Independent High Authority for Audio-visual Communication)

Affiliated Interests other The CEO of the Tunisian television shall be appointed by the Presidency of the important people Government upon favourble opinion of the HAICA

Contact Boulevard de la Ligue arabe Notre Dame Tel: +216 71 800 844  [email protected]

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) 22.44 Mio. $ / 49.017 Mio. TND (budget 2015)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) -10 Mio. $ / -22 Mio. TND (2015)

Advertising (in % of total 22% funding)

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Headlines  https://fr.wikipedia.org/ wiki/%C3%89tablissement_de_la_t%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_tunisienne

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Sources Interview with the Communication Officer of the Presidency of the Government

Interview with members of the HAICA

Mail from the Presidency of the Government

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Attessia TV

Attessia TV is a Tunisian private TV channel. Moez Ben Gharbi, host and producer, launched it in May 2015. He partned with Tunisian businessmen, particularly members of the Jenayah and Charfeddine families.

The station’s name is inspired by a television program that was very successful, "9 pm" when he was leader of Ettounsiya.

Key facts

Audience Share 9.8% (Sigma Conseil, January 2019)

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage National

Content Type free content

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Media Companies / Groups V Production

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Ownership

Voting Rights Omar Jenayah is also Chairman of the Board.

Individual Owner  Lotfi Charfeddine 49%

 Omar Jenayah 1%

Company  Olivier Invest Sicaf 49%

Media Companies / Groups

V Production

Facts

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General Information

Founding Year 2015

Founder Moez Ben Gharbia

Ceo Omar Jenayah

Editor-In-Chief Moufida HACHANI

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Sources Infojort, Registre du commerce Étude sur les médias, Sigma Conseil, janvier 2019

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Al Janoubia TV

Founded by Farhat Jouini and Baaboura Rabii Al Janoubiya TV starts broadcasting in March 2012.

In August 2013, the businessman and founder of the Tunisian Movement for freedom and dignity, Mohamed Ayachi Ajroudi, bought Al Janoubiya TV. On 6 November 2013, the headquarters of the channel are closed and its equipment seized as a result of a financial dispute between Jouini, who still owns the premises and Ayachi Ajroudi.

Following the decision of the Independent High Authority for Audio-visual Communication to suspend the broadcasting of TV channels that did not obtain a license and impose a fine of 50,000 dinars, Al Janoubiya TV stopped its broadcasting from Tunisia and resumed from its premises in Paris from 1 October 2014. On 3 February 2015, the TV channel suspended spontaneously its transmission waiting to obtain a licence. A license is finally granted on April 20, 2015.

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage National

Content Type free content

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Media Companies / Groups FM3 Production

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Ownership

Individual Owner  Mohamed Ayachi Ajroudi 99%

 Taoufik Baccar 0.1%

Media Companies / Groups

FM3 Production

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2012

Founder Farhat Jouini et Rabiia Baaboura

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Other Important People General Director Salah Chiha

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) -792.210 $/ -2.428.681 Mio. TND

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Sources Infojort, Registre du commerce

Données officielles de la HAICA.

 Mohamed Ayachi Ajroudi, ce Tunisien qui exportera les services de l'ONAS à l'étranger

 Ayachi Ajroudi condamné à un an de prison

 Affaire Al Janoubia TV Ayachi Ajroudi acquitté de sa peine de prison

Open Sigma 2019

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Zitouna TV

Zitouna is a general TV news channel close to the Islamist party Ennahda that broadcasts political religious and societal programs. It was created in 2012 by Osama bin Salem, son of an Ennahda leader and financed by businessman, Sami Essid. In 2014, the HAICA refuses to give the TV station a licence, in particular as the station had a direct relationship with a political party. The TV station, which is legally not allowed to exist, nowadays broadcasts with the Nile Sat satellite. It was sanctioned several times by the Tunisian authorities and threatened with seizure of his equipment.

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage National

Content Type free content

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Media Companies / Groups Chaine Zitouna d'Information et Communication

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Ownership

Individual Owner  Sami Essid 50%

 Rola Essid 50%

Media Companies / Groups

Chaine Zitouna d'Information et Communication

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2012

Founder Oussama Ben Salem

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Affiliated Interests Founder Leading member of Ennahda, he creates his TV station while his father, Moncef Ben Salem (former leader of Ennahda now deceased) was a minister of the Troika government.

Ceo Sami Essid

Editor-In-Chief Lotfi Touati

Affiliated Interests Editor-In- Supporter of the Ennahda party, had caused considerable controversy when Chief he was appointed head of Dar Assabah by the government of the Troika, before being sacked.

Contact 2 rue des entrepreneurs , Charguia 2, Ariana  [email protected]

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Headlines  Zitouna TV

Sources Interview with Lotfi Touati June 2016

Interview with the HAICA Mayi 2016

Decisions on sanctions by HAICA published on their website haica.tn

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 Interview of Sami Essid by Zitouna TV

 Oussama Ben Salem on the decision of the HAICA

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Zitouna Hidaya TV

Zitouna Hidaya is a TV station owned by the same company as Zitouna TV. It is a faith-based television, which is prohibited according to the specifications (cahier des charges) for private television developed by the HAICA.

Key facts

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage National

Content Type free content

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Media Companies / Groups Chaine Zitouna d'Information et Communication

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Ownership

Individual Owner  Sami Essid 50%

 Rola Essid 50%

Media Companies / Groups

Chaine Zitouna d'Information et Communication

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2013

Founder Oussama Ben Salem

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Affiliated Interests Founder Leading member of Ennahda, he creates his TV station while his father, Moncef Ben Salem (former leader of Ennahda now deceased) was a minister of the Troika government.

Ceo Sami Essid

Contact 2 rue des entrepreneurs , Charguia 2, Ariana  [email protected]

Further Information

Headlines  Zitouna Hidaya TV (Wikipedia)

Sources Interview with Lotfi Touati June 2016

Interview with the HAICA Mayi 2016

Decisions on sanctions by HAICA published on their website haica.tn

 Interview of Sami Essid by Zitouna TV

 Oussama Ben Salem on the decision of the HAICA

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Al Chourouk

Al Chourouk, a daily newspaper in Arabic, is the best selling newspaper in Tunisia. It was founded by Slaheddine El Amri in 1984 as a weekly and became a daily in 1988. It is published by Dar Anouar.

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage National

Content Type paid content (800 milim)

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Media Companies / Groups Dar Anouar

Ownership

Individual Owner  Mohamed Ismail El Amri 80%

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Media Companies / Groups

Dar Anouar

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1984

Founder Slaheddine El Amri

Affiliated Interests Founder Slaheddine El Amri, born in Beja on 23 February 1938 is the founder of Dar Anouar and its newspapers, of which Al Chourouk is the most important. He worked for the Dépêche Tunisienne, participated in the creation of the Tunisian Press Agency (Agence Tunis Afrique Presse) in 1961, and worked for Dar Assabah and Al Bayane before founding his own publishing house in 1981. His wife, Saida El Amri, inherited Dar Anouar when he died in 2002.

Ceo Saida Al Amri

Editor-In-Chief Abdelhamid Riahi

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Affiliated Interests Editor-In- Abdelhamid Riahi is editor-in-chief at Al Chourouk. He graduated from the Chief Institute of Press and Information Sciences (IPSI). Before starting at Al Chourouk he worked for Al Bayane and Les Annonces. Ben Ali awarded him with the status of officer of national order of cultural merit on 27 May 2005, the national day of culture. He received this award after having participated in the campaign against Sihem Bensedrine, director of the online magazine Kalima and human rights activist.

Other Important People Abdejellil Massoudi

Fatma Ben Abdallah Alkraa (also editor-in-chief)

Abdul Rauf Almekdma (editor-in-chief on paper, he deceased)

Affiliated Interests other Abdejellil Masoudi, husband of Saida El Amri, is effectively the number two at important people Dar Anouar. He used to work as a journalist at Le Quotidien (Dar Anouar), worked at the Tunisian External Communication Agency (ATCE) and the Tunisian Consulate in Strasbourg. He was a member of the Democratic Constitutional Rally (RCD) until 2009 and responsible for their external relations from 2001 to 2003.

Contact 25, Avenue Jean Jaurès, Tunis Tel: +216 71 331 000 Fax: +216 70 201 006  [email protected]  www.alchourouk.com

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

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Further Information

Headlines  Saida El Amri: Dar Al Anwar n'a jamais été mise en vente, elle se redeploie

Sources Al Chourouk, journal, May 4, 2016

 Al Chourouk (2016), Qui sommes nous

A. Massoudi, interview , May 3, 2016

 La Presse (5 septembre). Décès de Slaheddine El Amri (Dar Al Anwar)

 Mosaique FM (2010), Le quatrième pouvoir à l’honneur

 RSF (2005), La liberté de la presse toujours malmenée

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Assabah

Assabah is a daily in Arabic founded in 1951 by Habib Cheikhrouhou. It is published by Dar Assabah. During the Ben Ali regime, Dar Assabah suffered from the Ben Ali policy and that of the Tunisian External Communication Agency (ATCE). After Sakhr El Materi, son-in-law of Ben Ali, bought a majority of shares of Dar Assabah in 2009, the newspaper published articles in support of Ben Ali. Sakhr El Materi’s shares were confiscated after the revolution.

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private (confiscated)

Geographic Coverage National

Content Type paid content (800 milim)

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Media Companies / Groups Dar Assabah

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Ownership

Company  Tunisian State (Confiscated property) 79%

Individual Owner  Raouf Cheikh Rouhou 20%

Media Companies / Groups

Dar Assabah

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1951

Founder Habib Cheikhrouhou

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Affiliated Interests Founder Cheikhrouhou Habib was born in 1914 in Sfax. In 1951 he founded Assabah, a daily in Arabic, followed by Le Temps in 1997, a daily in French and finally Assabah Al Ousboui, a weekly in Arabic, in 1985. When died in 1994, the publishing house Dar Assabah remained in the hands of his family.

Ceo Abderrahmen Khochtali

Affiliated Interests Ceo Abderrahmane Khochtali, born July 5, 1964 in Redeyef, Gafsa is a civil servant and since 2014 CEO of Dar Assabah. He was appointed by the Head of Government - a decision that was disputed by Raouf Cheïkhrouhou (shareholder and son of the founder) as he esteems that the Head of Government does not have the right to decide about the nomination of the CEO. He holds a Masters in Accounting (IHEC, 1998), a Diploma of the National School of Administration (ENA) with a specialization in public accounting (1992) and a Diploma of the Public Accounting Institute (Paris, 1991). He was Comptroller General of Finance, Secretary General of Tunisair, responsible for the performance based budgeting unit of the Ministry of Finance and Chief of Tunisian Customs.

Editor-In-Chief Noureddine Achour - Editor-in-chief # Hafedh Gheribi - Managing editor

Contact Boulevard Mohamed Bouazizi, Menzah, Tunis Tel: +216 71 238 222 Fax:+216 71 753 693  [email protected]  www.assabah.com.tn

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total 45% (public 15% and private 85%) funding)

Market Share Missing Data

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Further Information

Sources Assabah, newspaper, May 4, 2016

Dar Assabah (2016), Questionnaire, available upon request

JORT (2014), Annonce au Journal N° 141 du 25 novembre 2014, Identifiant de l'annonce : 2014T06136SANB2

A. Khochtali & H. Ghribi, interview, May 9, 2016

 Ministère des Finances, Biographie M. Abderrahmane Khochtali

 Ministère des Finances (2014), Cérémonie d'installation du nouveau DG de la douane

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Assarih

Assarih, founded in 1995, was a weekly satirical paper until 2002 when it became an Arabic daily.

Key facts

Audience Share MD

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage National

Content Type paid content (700 milim)

Data Unavailable ownership data is not publicly available, company/channel denies the release of information or does not respond, no public record exists

Media Companies / Groups Dar Irada

Ownership

Individual Owner  Salah El Hajja ?

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Media Companies / Groups

Dar Irada

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1995

Founder Salah El Hajja

Editor-In-Chief Ziad El Hajja

Affiliated Interests Editor-In- son of the founder Chief

Contact Ariana, 2058  [email protected]

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) MD

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Operating Profit (in Mill. $) MD

Advertising (in % of total MD funding)

Market Share MD

Further Information

Meta Data Refused to share any information

Sources Assarih, newspaper, May 20, 2016

 Babnet (2010), Assarih en ligne, dernier né de la presse électronique en Tunisie

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La Presse

La Presse de Tunisie is the oldest information newspaper in French language. It was founded by Henri Smadja on 12 March 1936 as a private newspaper. In 1968 it was nationalized. The SNIPE that publishes La Presse was only founded in 1973.

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type public

Geographic Coverage National

Content Type paid content (800 milim)

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Media Companies / Groups SNIPE

Ownership

Company  Tunisian State 19.2 %

Group / Individual Owner  Public institutions (SNIPE owners) 80.8 %

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Media Companies / Groups

SNIPE

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1936

Founder Henri Smadja

Affiliated Interests Founder Henri Smadja is a Franco-Tunisian lawyer and doctor. After having founded La Presse he became the owner of the French daily newspaper Combat.

Ceo Belgacem Tayaa

Affiliated Interests Ceo In 2014 Mr. Tayaa was appointed CEO of the SNIPE by the Head of Government. He worked for the Ministry of Justice (of Human Rights and Transitional Justice), the national Office of Civil Protection and the General control of public services of the Prime Ministry. He studied at the National School of Administration (ENA) of Tunis.

Editor-In-Chief Said Benkraiem

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Contact 17 Rue Garibaldi, Tunis Tel: +216 71 341 006  [email protected]  www.lapresse.tn

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) 6.9 Mio. $ / 15 Mio. TND (2015)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) -0,99 Mio. $ / -2.1 Mio. TND (2015)

Advertising (in % of total (public 10%, private: 90%) funding)

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Sources  La Presse de Tunisie

SNIPE (2016), Questionnaire, available upon request

B.Tayaa, interview, April 21, 2016

 Belgacem Tayaa, Profil Linkedin

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Essahafa Alyawm

Essahafa Alyawm is an Arabic daily. As La Presse de Tunisie it is published by SNIPE. It was founded on 10 January 1989 as an evening paper. On 14 March 1989 it became the daily Essahafa. In 2011, when Essahafa was in a loss-making situation, the paper underwent a crisis when the former CEO of the SNIPE, Hmida Ben Romdhane, announced to stop its publication. Following contestation, Essahafa was neither shut down nor restructured.

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type public

Geographic Coverage National

Content Type paid content (800 milim)

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Media Companies / Groups SNIPE

Ownership

Company  Tunisian State 19.2 %

Group / Individual Owner  Public institutions (SNIPE owners) 80.8 %

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Media Companies / Groups

SNIPE

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1989

Founder Tunisian state

Ceo Belgacem Tayaa

Editor-In-Chief Hechemi Nouira

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Contact 17 Rue Garibaldi, Tunis Tel: +216 71 341 006  [email protected]  www.essahafa.info.tn

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) 0.9 Mio.$/2 Mio TND (2015)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Sources A. Boulaaba, email, May 19, 2016

 Essahafa

Essahafa, newspaper, May 4, 2016

SNIPE (2016), Questionnaire, available upon request

B.Tayaa, interview, April l 21, 2016

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Al Bayane

Al Bayane is a weekly newspaper in Arabic, it is the newspaper of the trade union UTICA (Union Tunisienne de l'Industrie, du Commerce et de l'Artisanat).

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type belongs to an employers organisation

Geographic Coverage National

Content Type paid content (800 milim)

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Media Companies / Groups UTICA Journal Al Bayane

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Media Companies / Groups

UTICA Journal Al Bayane

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1977

Founder UTICA/Ferjani Bel Haj Ammar

Affiliated Interests Founder Al Bayane, the newspaper of the trade union UTICA, was launched during the presidency of Ferjani Bel Haj Ammar.

Ceo Wided Bouchamaou

Affiliated Interests Ceo She is the President of UTICA since 2011.

Editor-In-Chief Tareq Al Boughanmi

Contact 67 Avenue Alain Savary, 1002 Tunis Tel: +21671283062 Fax: +21671282992

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Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Sources Al Bayane, newspaper, June 6, 2016

 Leaders (2014), Après la décision de Nidaa de lancer un journal et une radio: Les médias partisans n'ont pas d'avenir

Registre de Commerce (2016), UTICA Journal Al Bayane

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Al Anouar

Al Anouar is a weekly newspaper in Arabic founded in 1981 and published by Dar Anouar.

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage National

Content Type paid content (800 milim)

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Media Companies / Groups Dar Anouar

Ownership

Individual Owner  Saida El Amri 20%

 Mohamed Ismail El Amri 80%

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Media Companies / Groups

Dar Anouar

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1981

Founder Slaheddine El Amri

Ceo Saida Al Amri

Editor-In-Chief Nejmeddine Akari

Contact 25, Avenue Jean Jaurès, Tunis Tel: +216 71 331 000 Fax:+216 70 201 006

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Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Sources Al Anwar, newspaperl, June 4, 2016

A. Massoudi, interview, May 3, 2016

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Al Akhbar

Al Khabar is a weekly in Arabic founded in 1984 by M'Hamed Ben Youssef Ben Mezri who had already founded Tunis-Hebdo in 1973. It is one of two weekly published by Dar Tunis Hebdo, which is owned and was also founded by M'hamed Ben Youssef Ben Mezri. The publishing house had difficulties during the Bourguiba and Ben Ali regimes.

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage National

Content Type paid content (800 milim)

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Media Companies / Groups Dar Tunis Hebdo

Ownership

Individual Owner  M’hamed Ben Mezri Ben Youssef 99%

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Media Companies / Groups

Dar Tunis Hebdo

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1984

Founder M’hamed Ben Mezri Ben Youssef

Ceo M’hamed Ben Mezri Ben Youssef

Editor-In-Chief Imed Jenane

Contact 11 Rue Ali Bach Hamba, Tunis Tel : +216 71 344 100 Fax : +216 71 355 079  [email protected]

Financial Information

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Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Sources M. Ben Mezri Ben Youssef, interview, May 13, 2016

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Akhbar al Joumhouria

Akhbar Al Joumhouria is a weekly Arabic founded in 1990 by Moncef Ben M'rad. In 2006 the newspaper was seized by the Tunisian authorities for publishing an article about a corruption case, in 2012, the Minister of Youth and Sports, Tarak Dhiab, lost a defamation case against the newspaper. Recently, the newspaper announced its closure several times, but it is still running.

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage National

Content Type paid content (800 milim)

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Media Companies / Groups Akhbar Médias

Ownership

Individual Owner  Moncef Ben M'rad 100 %

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Media Companies / Groups

Akhbar Médias

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1990

Founder Moncef Ben M'rad

Ceo Moncef Ben M'rad

Editor-In-Chief Néjib Khouildi and Adel Boulel

Affiliated Interests Editor-In- Adel Boulel does not effectively work at the newspaper anymore. Before he Chief worked at Hannibal TV and Aljazeera.

Other Important People Tarak Assadi - Editorial assistant

Contact 14, Rue Ibn Jazzar, Tunis Tel : +216 71797055  [email protected]

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Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) *0.14 Mio. $ /0.3 Mio TND (2015)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) *-0.14 Mio.$ /0.3 Mio TND (2015)

Advertising (in % of total (public 30%, private 70%) funding)

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Sources C. Ben M’rad, interview, May 2, 2016

C. Ben M’rad, email, May, 2016

C. Ben M'rad (2016), questionnaire, available upon request

JORT (2006), Annonce au journal N° 22 du 17 mars 2006, Identifiant de l'annonce : 2006T01501SURLB1

 Le Quotidien (2012), Tunisie - Médias: Moncef Ben Mrad, président de l’Association des directeurs des journaux (ATDJ)

 La Presse de Tunisie (2013), La Fédération tunisienne des directeurs de journaux est née

 Realites (2016), Qui sommes nous

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Al Moussawar

Al Moussawar is a weekly Arabic founded by Amor Touil. The newspaper used to be part of Dar Anouar, until Amor Touil created his own company in 2011.

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage National

Content Type paid content (800 milim)

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Media Companies / Groups Dar Al Moussawar

Ownership

Individual Owner  Amor Touil 100 %

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Media Companies / Groups

Dar Al Moussawar

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1985

Founder Amor Touil

Ceo Amor Touil

Editor-In-Chief Radia Azziadi Abbou

Contact 41 Rue Khaireddine Pacha, Tunis Tel: +216 71 902 904 Fax: +216 71 902 921

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

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Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Sources Al Moussawer, newspaper, June 6, 2016

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Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage International

Content Type free content

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Media Companies / Groups MED TELECOM

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Ownership

Ownership Structure Other shareholders Jamel MZABI (13.27%) Abdelkader HAMROUNI (13.27%) Hedi MECHRI (13.27%) Tunisian state (confiscated) (13.27%)

Voting Rights According to the Tunisian Code of Commercial Companies. The votes are distributed according to the units each shareholder has.

Individual Owner  Noureddine Boutar 20.3 %

 Lotfi Abdennadher 13.3 %

 Lazhar Sta 13%

Media Companies / Groups

MED TELECOM

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Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2005

Founder Noureddine Boutar

Ceo Noureddine Boutar

Editor-In-Chief Wifek GOUJA (Web Master) & Amel LETAIEF (Editor-in-chief)

Contact Immeuble Mosaïque Rue 8003 Montplaisir, Tunis Tel: +216 71 113 000 Email:  contact[at]mosaiquefm.net http://mosaiquefm.net/

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) 0.23 Mio. $ / 0.5 Mio. TND (2015)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:12 192 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Jawharafm.net

The jawharafm.net is the official website of Radio Jawhara FM.

The new version of the site offers a photo gallery and videos, services: travel, national weather and games, podcasts and news programs. It also offers the ability stream the radio (usually in Arabic but also available in French on the French version of the site).

Jawharafm.net publishes in both Arabic and French.

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage International

Content Type free content

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Media Companies / Groups Société Jawhara des médias et des telecommunications

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:12 193 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Ownership

Individual Owner  Ali Haj Youssef 4%

 Lazhar Sta 8%

 Heirs of Aziz Miled 8%

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:12 194 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Media Companies / Groups

Société Jawhara des médias et des telecommunications

Facts

General Information

Ceo Ali Belhadj Youcef

Contact Rue des Orangers Khzema Est 4051, Sousse  www.jawharafm.net

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:12 195 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Market Share Missing Data

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:12 196 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA babnet.net

Babnet.net is a news website (agregator). When Slim Mansourii founded the website in 2000 it only had a couple of thousand of visitors and his goals was rather to see how a website works at a time during which the internet became increasingly important. Nowadays, it is an information site for which several people work and which has more than 700,000 visitors per month, of which 80% returning visitors and more than 9 million page views.

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage International

Content Type free content

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Media Companies / Groups MSM IT

Ownership

Individual Owner  Slim Mansouri 100 %

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:12 197 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Media Companies / Groups

MSM IT

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2000

Founder Slim Mansouri

Ceo Slim Mansouri

Editor-In-Chief Slim Mansouri

Contact Rue Lac Victoria, Les berges du Lac, 2045 Tunis Tel: +216 71 965 945  [email protected]  www.babnet.net

Financial Information

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:12 198 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total 100% private funding)

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Sources S. Mansouri, interview, May 30, 2016

S. Mansouri (2016), Questionnaire, available upon request

Registre de Commerce (2016), MSM IT

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:12 199 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Shemsfm.net

Shemsfm.net is the official website of the radio Shems FM. It enables to stream the radio, but also offers news, podcasts and video programs produced by the editorial team of the website.

The site publishes in both Arabic and French.

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type privat (confiscated)

Geographic Coverage International

Content Type free content

Media Companies / Groups Tunisia Broadcasting

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:12 200 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Ownership

Company  Tunisian State (Confiscated property) 70%

Individual Owner  Taher Bayahi 15%

 Chékib Nouira 15%

Media Companies / Groups

Tunisia Broadcasting

Facts

General Information

Ceo Lotfi Zaghdena

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:12 201 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Contact Adresse : 5, rue du Lac d’Annecy, 1053 Tunis Tunisie Téléphone : +216.31.101.700 +216.71.167.070 Site web :  www.shemsfm.net Email :  contact[at]shemsfm.net

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:12 202 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Alchourouk.com

Alchourouk.com is the online version of the daily Al Chourouk. The site was created in 2004 but started to work well only in 2012. According to Dar Al Anouar it has around 1 800 000 visitors per months.

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage International

Content Type free content

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Media Companies / Groups Dar Anouar

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:12 203 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Ownership

Individual Owner  Saida El Amri 20%

 Mohamed Ismail El Amri 80%

Media Companies / Groups

Dar Anouar

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2004

Ceo Saida El Amri

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:12 204 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Editor-In-Chief Ismail Jerbi

Contact 25, Avenue Jean Jaurès, Tunis Tel: +216 71 331 000 Fax:+216 70 201 006  [email protected]  www.alchourouk.com

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:12 205 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Akherkhabaronline.com

Akher Khabar Online is an information website created in 2015 by Dar Akher Khabar, which also publishes the weekly Akher Khabar. The editorial offices are separated.

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage International

Content Type free content

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Media Companies / Groups Dar Akher Khabar

Ownership

Individual Owner  Mohamed Abderraouef Ben Khalfallah 90%

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:12 206 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Media Companies / Groups

Dar Akher Khabar

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2015

Founder Mohamed Abderraouef Ben Khalfallah

Ceo Mohamed Abderraouef Ben Khalfallah

Editor-In-Chief Nourdine Mbarki

Affiliated Interests Editor-In- He was editor-in-chief of an opposition newspaper before the revolution. Chief Nowdays, he is producer and colomunist at Watanya 1 in addition to his position at Akher Khabar Online.

Contact 13 Rue Tahar Memmi, Menzah 6, 2091 Ariana Tel: +216 71 754 569 Fax: +216 71 232 325  [email protected]  www.akherkhabaronline.com

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:12 207 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:12 208 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Tunigate.net

Tunigate, created end of 2015, is according to its founders an 'information portal'. The site is a private project of Oussema Aribi, Majd Mustafa and Mohamed Amine Zgayya, who invest their own resources to maintain the site. Currently, the site achieves no benefit. The site is hosted by the company i-hosters. Before creating the site, they were already active on Facebook for about 2 to 3 years under the name 'Akhbar Tunis' which became the facebook page of Tunigate with the creation of the website. The site wants to be close to the people and the founders’ objective is that the website becomes the number 1 in Tunisia. A monthly magazine in Arabic 'tunigate' is planned for the future. The magazine will be for free, financed through advertising, distributed through their own network.

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage International

Content Type free content

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:12 209 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Ownership

Individual Owner  Oussema Aribi ?

 Mustapha Majd ?

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2015

Founder Oussema Aribi and Mustapha Majd

Ceo Oussema Aribi and Mustapha Majd

Editor-In-Chief Syrine Guediche

Other Important People Mohamed Amine Zgayya

Affiliated Interests other He is a young journalist, who writes many articles for tunigate and is their important people community manager on facebook.

Contact Immeuble Panorama, RDC APP A 02 Centre Urbain Nord, 1082 Tunis Tel: +216 36 36 1982  [email protected]  tunigate.net

Financial Information

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:12 210 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Revenue (in Mill. $) *costs of 3000 TND per months

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) none

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Sources O. Arabi et M. Majd, interview, June 1, 2016

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:12 211 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Aljarida.com.tn

Al Jarida is an electronic journal founded in 2011 by Noureddine Ben Ticha who is currently main advisor to the President. The editor-in- chief is working for the Presidency of the Government (Prime Minister Office) as a press officer. The newspaper was attacked by hackers in 2012. From April to June 2016 the site had on average 350 000 visitors.

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage International

Content Type free content

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Media Companies / Groups Le Journal

Ownership

Individual Owner  Tarek Chouchane 51%

 Noureddine Ben Ticha 49%

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/08 at 18:04 212 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Media Companies / Groups

Le Journal

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2011

Founder Noureddine Ben Ticha

Affiliated Interests Founder He is advisor to the President and member of the political party Nidaa Tounes.

Editor-In-Chief Houssem Ben Maklouf

Affiliated Interests Editor-In- Houssem Ben Maklouf has no official contract with Al Jarida but is paid for his Chief work as an editor-in-chief. In parallel he works part-time for the Presidency of the Government as a press officer. He is a civil servant.

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/08 at 18:04 213 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Contact 8 Rue Jean Jacques Rousseau, Tunis 1002 Bâtiment Roso Tel: +21671908114 Fax: +21671908115  [email protected]  www.aljarida.com.tn

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Sources Al Jarida (2016), Questionnaire, available upon request

H. Ben Makhlouf, interview, May 17, 2016

Registre de Commerce (2016), Le Journal

 L’économiste Maghrébin (2012), Le site « Al-Jarida » attaqué par des hackers

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/08 at 18:04 214 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Mtunisiatv.com

Key facts

Audience Share MD

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage International

Content Type free content

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:12 215 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Jomhouria.com

The website www.jomhouria.com is somehow an independent branch of the newspaper Akhbar Al Jomhouria. It was launched in late 2012 and actually started to publish in February 2013. The site belongs to Chiraz Ben M'rad, daughter of Moncef Ben M'rad, owner of Al Akhbar Jomhouria. The newspaper hosts the website in its offices. According to its owner, the site has around 350 000 visitors per month.

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage International

Content Type free content

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Media Companies / Groups Médias Plus

Ownership

Individual Owner  Chiraz Ben M'Rad 51%

 Mohamed Salah Ben M'rad 49%

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:12 216 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Media Companies / Groups

Médias Plus

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2012

Founder Chiraz Ben M’rad

Ceo Chiraz Ben M’rad

Editor-In-Chief Tarak Assadi

Affiliated Interests Editor-In- He is also editorial assitant at the newspaper Akhbar al Jomhouria. Chief

Contact 14 Rue Ibn Jazzar 1002 Tunis Tel: +216 71797055  www.jomhouria.com

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:12 217 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) 0.014 Mio. $ / .03 Mio TND (2015)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) no benefit

Advertising (in % of total 100%, public 10%, private 90% funding)

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Sources C. Ben M’rad, interview, May 2, 2016

C. Ben M’rad (2016), questionnaire, available upon request

C. Ben M’rad, email, May, 2016

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:12 218 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Key facts

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:14 219 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

El Hiwar El Tounsi

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage National

Content Type free content

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Media Companies / Groups El Hiwar Ettounsi TV SA

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:14 220 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Ownership

Individual Owner  Asma Ben Jmiaa wife Fehri 99%

Media Companies / Groups

El Hiwar Ettounsi TV SA

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2003

Founder Tahar Ben Hassine

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:14 221 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Ceo Asma Ben Jmiaa Fehri

Contact [email protected]

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) 1.340.029,79 Mio. $/ 4.002.870 Dinars Mio. TND (2017)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) -12.648.18 $/ -37.782 TND (2017)

Advertising (in % of total 100% (4.002.870 Mio. TND) funding)

Market Share MD

Further Information

Sources Infojort, Registre du commerce

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:14 222 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Mosaïque FM

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:14 223 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage National

Content Type free content

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Media Companies / Groups MED TELECOM

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:14 224 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Ownership

Ownership Structure Other shareholders Jamel MZABI (13.27%) Abdelkader HAMROUNI (13.27%) Hedi MECHRI (13.27%) Tunisian State (confiscated) (13.27%)

Voting Rights According to the Tunisian Code of Commercial Companies. The votes are distributed according to the units each shareholder has.

Individual Owner  Noureddine Boutar 20.3 %

 Lotfi Abdennadher 13.3 %

 Lazhar Sta 13%

Media Companies / Groups

MED TELECOM

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:14 225 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2003

Founder Noureddine Boutar

Ceo Noureddine Boutar

Editor-In-Chief Neji ZAIRI

Other Important People Lotfi Abdennadher

Contact Immeuble Mosaïque Rue 8003 Montplaisir, Tunis Tel: +216 71 113 000 Email:  [email protected] http://mosaiquefm.net/

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) 5 Mio. $/ 10.77 Mio. TND (2015)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) 1.1 Mio. $/ 2.4 Mio. TND (2015)

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:14 226 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Advertising (in % of total (private : 95%, public : 5%) funding)

Market Share Missing Data

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:14 227 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Shems FM

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private (confiscated)

Geographic Coverage National

Media Companies / Groups Tunisia Broadcasting

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:14 228 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Ownership

Company  Tunisian State (Confiscated property) 70%

Individual Owner  Taher Bayahi 15%

 Chékib Nouira 15%

Media Companies / Groups

Tunisia Broadcasting

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2010

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:14 229 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Founder Cyrine Ben Ali

Affiliated Interests Founder Daughter of former President Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali, Cyrine Ben Ali married in 1996 the businessman Marouane Mabrouk, businessman and chairman of Orange Tunisia.

Marouane Mabrouk is also head of the Mabrouk Group, leader in mass retail (Grande distribution) and active in banking, car dealership and telecommunications.

Ceo Lotfi Zaghdena

Contact Adresse : 5, rue du Lac d’Annecy, 1053 Tunis Tunisie Langue : Arabe et Français Téléphone : +216.31.101.700 +216.71.167.070 Site web :  www.shemsfm.net Email :  [email protected]

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Headlines  https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shems_FM

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:14 230 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Zitouna Hidaya TV

Key facts

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage National

Content Type free content

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Media Companies / Groups Chaine Zitouna d'Information et Communication

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:14 231 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Ownership

Individual Owner  Sami Essid 50%

 Rola Essid 50%

Media Companies / Groups

Chaine Zitouna d'Information et Communication

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2013

Founder Oussama Ben Salem

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:14 232 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Affiliated Interests Founder Leading member of Ennahda, he creates his TV station while his father, Moncef Ben Salem (former leader of Ennahda now deceased) was a minister of the Troika government.

Ceo Sami Essid

Contact 2 rue des entrepreneurs , Charguia 2, Ariana  [email protected]

Further Information

Headlines  Zitouna Hidaya TV (Wikipedia)

Sources Interview with Lotfi Touati June 2016

Interview with the HAICA Mayi 2016

Decisions on sanctions by HAICA published on their website haica.tn

 Interview of Sami Essid by Zitouna TV

 Oussama Ben Salem on the decision of the HAICA

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Zitouna TV

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage National

Content Type free content

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Media Companies / Groups Chaine Zitouna d'Information et Communication

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Ownership

Individual Owner  Sami Essid 50%

 Rola Essid 50%

Media Companies / Groups

Chaine Zitouna d'Information et Communication

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2012

Founder Oussama Ben Salem

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Affiliated Interests Founder Leading member of Ennahda, he creates his TV station while his father, Moncef Ben Salem (former leader of Ennahda now deceased) was a minister of the Troika government.

Ceo Sami Essid

Editor-In-Chief Lotfi Touati

Contact 2 rue des entrepreneurs , Charguia 2, Ariana  [email protected]

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Headlines  Zitouna TV

Sources Interview with Lotfi Touati June 2016

Interview with the HAICA Mayi 2016

Decisions on sanctions by HAICA published on their website haica.tn

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 Interview of Sami Essid by Zitouna TV

 Oussama Ben Salem on the decision of the HAICA

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Radio Sfax

Radio Sfax is a general regional public radio in Arabic. Founded December 8, 1961, it covers mainly the region of Sfax and its surroundings, the centre and southeast of Tunisia.

Only since 1991 the station started broadcasting 20 hours per day and since 1 October 2012, 24-hours.

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Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type public

Geographic Coverage Regional

Content Type free content

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Media Companies / Groups Institution of the Tunisian Radio

Ownership

Company  Tunisian State 100 %

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Media Companies / Groups

Institution of the Tunisian Radio

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1961

Founder Etat tunisien

Ceo Abderrazzak Tabib

.عبد الرزاق الطبيب كان مراسل قناة فرنسا 24 في تونس Affiliated Interests Ceo

Editor-In-Chief Rachid Karray

Other Important People Mabrouk Maachaoui

Affiliated Interests other Director important people

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Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

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Jawhara FM

General radio station that focuses on entertainment, music, culture, sport and information. It was launched on 25 July 2005, in celebration of the Tunisian Republic.

The Radio is owned by a group of businessmen close to the regime of Ben Ali. Its license was granted to Néji Mhiri, personal friend of Ben Ali.

Its Manager Ali Haj Youssef was director of the public radio station "Radio Youth".

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Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage Local

Content Type free content

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Media Companies / Groups Société Jawhara des médias et des telecommunications

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Ownership

Individual Owner  Ali Haj Youssef 4%

 Lazhar Sta 8%

 Heirs of Aziz Miled 8%

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Media Companies / Groups

Société Jawhara des médias et des telecommunications

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2005

Ceo Ali Belhadj Youcef

Contact Rue des Orangers Khzema Est 4051, Sousse  www.jawharafm.net

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

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Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

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Nessma TV

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage Maghreb

Content Type free content

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Media Companies / Groups Nessma Broadcast

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Ownership

Individual Owner  Nebil Karoui 50%

 Silvio Berlusconi 25%

 Tarek Ben Ammar 24%

 Tarek Ben Ammar 1%

Media Companies / Groups

Nessma Broadcast

Facts

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General Information

Founding Year 2007

Founder Nebil Karoui

Ceo Zied Erriba

Editor-In-Chief Lotfi Mechri

Contact 75, Av. Mohamed V, Cite Jardins, Tunis, 1002 Tél: +216 71 465 647 Fax:+216 71 464 665 Email: [email protected]

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Sources  Nessma TV (Wikipédia)

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 Site officiel de Nessma TV

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Hannibal TV

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage National

Content Type free content

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Media Companies / Groups Audio Visual International Production AVIP - Tunisie SA

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Ownership

Ownership Structure Other shareholders Arab Lions SARL Mongi Makni Habib Makni Imed Ghaïth (Tunisian businessmen)

Individual Owner  Tarek Kedada 49%

 Noureddine Hachicha ?

Company  Tunisian State (Confiscated property) 10%

Media Companies / Groups

Audio Visual International Production AVIP - Tunisie SA

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Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2005

Founder Larbi Nasra

Ceo Noureddine Hachicha (Chairman of the Executive Board ). Zouheir El Gumbri (Director General)

Affiliated Interests Ceo Chairman of the SOROUBAT Group

Other Important People Tarek Kedada (presented as principal shareholder) (Gaia Equity Limited)

Affiliated Interests other Tarek Kedada is a Saudi investor of Palestinian origin important people

Contact Tel: +216 70 944 944 www.hannibaltv.com.tn

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

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Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Headlines  Informations générales sur Hannibal TV

Sources  Larbi Nasra

 Interview with Tarek Kedada

infojort.com

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Al Janoubia TV

Founded by Farhat Jouini and Baaboura Rabii Al Janoubiya TV starts broadcasting in March 2012.

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage National

Content Type free content

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Media Companies / Groups FM3 Production

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Ownership

Individual Owner  Mohamed Ayachi Ajroudi 99%

 Taoufik Baccar 0.1%

Media Companies / Groups

FM3 Production

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2012

Founder Farhat Jouini et Rabiia Baaboura

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Other Important People General Director Salah Chiha

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) -792.210 $/ -2.428.681 Mio. TND

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Sources Infojort, Registre du commerce

Données officielles de la HAICA.

 Mohamed Ayachi Ajroudi, ce Tunisien qui exportera les services de l'ONAS à l'étranger

 Ayachi Ajroudi condamné à un an de prison

 Affaire Al Janoubia TV Ayachi Ajroudi acquitté de sa peine de prison

Open Sigma 2019

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Radio Nationale

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Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type public

Geographic Coverage National

Content Type free content

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Media Companies / Groups Institution of the Tunisian Radio

Ownership

Company  Tunisian State 100 %

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Media Companies / Groups

Institution of the Tunisian Radio

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1938

Founder Etat tunisien

Ceo Abderrazzak Tabib

Affiliated Interests Ceo Abderrazak Tabib was correspondent in Tunisia for television station France24 and member of the National Union of Tunisian Journalists (SNJT).

Editor-In-Chief Fathi Charwandi

Other Important People Soefiene Ben Aissa

Affiliated Interests other Director important people

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Contact 71, avenue de la Liberté Tunis Téléphone : +21671847300 Fax: +21671780993 Site web:  www.radiotunisienne.tn Email :  [email protected]

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

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Diwan FM

Diwan FM is a private radio in the city of Sfax broadcasting on FM. It offers general programming which ranges from news and sports to music. The Diwan Radio is the most listened to radio in Sfax.

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage Local

Content Type free content

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Media Companies / Groups Addiwen de production audio visuelle

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Ownership

Khaled Lahkim (5%) & Isthithmar Equipments (Khaled Lahkim) 7.2%

Famille Jamoussi: Mokhtar Hédi Jamoussi (2.8%) Bayya Jamoussi (2.8%) Chihem Jammousi (10.5%) Chékib Jammousi (4.3%) Chéfik Jammousi (3.8%) Ferdaous Jammousi (3.8%)

Yassine Laamouri (Agrimed): represents Lotfi Abdennadher

Individual Owner  Lotfi Abdennadher 30.8 %

 Famille Jamoussi 28%

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Media Companies / Groups

Addiwen de production audio visuelle

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2015

Founder Abbes Mseddi, Chihem Jammousi, Abdel Aziz Loukil, Lotfi Taktak, Noemen Hamza.

Ceo Abbes Mseddi (Managing Directorl)

Editor-In-Chief Mahdi Ben Omor

Affiliated Interests Editor-In- Mahdi Ben Amor is shareholder of the company ADDIWEN DE PRODUCTION Chief AUDIO VISUELLE

Other Important People Foued Mbarek

Affiliated Interests other Editorial assistant important people

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Contact Route De Tenouir, Km 5 ,SFAX Immeuble Jamoussi  [email protected]

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

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Radio Tataouine

The station broadcasts 18 hours a day throughout the week and 20 hours on Saturday and Sunday.

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Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type public

Geographic Coverage Regional

Content Type free content

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Media Companies / Groups Institution of the Tunisian Radio

Ownership

Company  Tunisian State 100 %

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Media Companies / Groups

Institution of the Tunisian Radio

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1993

Founder Etat tunisien

Ceo Abderrazzak Tabib

Affiliated Interests Ceo Abderrazak Tabib was correspondent in Tunisia for television station France24 and member of the National Union of Tunisian Journalists (SNJT).

Editor-In-Chief Farah Chandoul

Other Important People Yassine Garrab

Affiliated Interests other Director important people

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Contact Cité du 7 novembre 3263 Tataouine Téléphone : +21671847300 Fax: +216 75.870.188 Site web:  www.radiotunisienne.tn/tataouine/ Email :  [email protected] Skype: radiotataouine

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Headlines  http://tunisiefm.net/radio-tatouine

 http://www.radiojeunes.tn/%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%86/

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Sabra FM

Broadcasting since 14 January 2012, the station has a regional focus and communicates with the public in a mix of dialectic and literal Arabic.

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type public

Geographic Coverage Local

Content Type free content

Media Companies / Groups Société Khaldouni Production

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Ownership

Company  SIDCO SICAR ?

Individual Owner  Sabra FM Shareholders ?

Media Companies / Groups

Société Khaldouni Production

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2013

Founder Amor Naggazi

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Ceo Amor Naggazi

Affiliated Interests Ceo CEO of the radio Sabra Fm, journalist for Sabra Fm, director of the festival “Printemps de Kairouan” and vice-president of the football, team from Kairouan "Al Chabiba"

Other Important People Wadiaa Naggazi

Affiliated Interests other Directeur d'antenne important people

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Headlines  http://tunisiefm.net/sabra-fm

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Carthage +

Key facts

Ownership Type Private

Content Type Free

Media Companies / Groups TUNISIA WORLD TELEVISION "TWT"

Ownership

Individual Owner  Kais Mabrouk 90%

 Lassad Khedher 9%

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Media Companies / Groups

TUNISIA WORLD TELEVISION "TWT"

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2017

Founder Kais Mabroouk

Ceo Lassaad Khedher

Contact Fax: 71 939 933

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Radio Monastir

Mounastir Radio is a public local radio created on August 1977. It broadcasts from Mounastir city targeting locals of Center East Tunisia.

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Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type Public

Geographic Coverage Regional

Content Type free content

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Media Companies / Groups Institution of the Tunisian Radio

Ownership

Company  Tunisian State 100 %

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Media Companies / Groups

Institution of the Tunisian Radio

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1977

Founder Tunisian State

Ceo Abderrazzak Tabib

Affiliated Interests Ceo Abderrazak Tabib was correspondent in Tunisia for television station France24 and member of the National Union of Tunisian Journalists (SNJT).

Contact [email protected] Tel: 73460800 Fax: 73 460 807

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

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Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

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Radio Le Kef

El Kef Radio is a public local radio station created on November 7, 1991. It broadcasts from El Kef city targeting locals of North West Tunisia.

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Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type Public

Geographic Coverage Regional

Content Type free content

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Media Companies / Groups Institution of the Tunisian Radio

Ownership

Company  Tunisian State 100 %

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Media Companies / Groups

Institution of the Tunisian Radio

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1991

Founder Tunisian State

Ceo Abderrazzak Tabib

Affiliated Interests Ceo Abderrazak Tabib was correspondent in Tunisia for television station France24 and member of the National Union of Tunisian Journalists (SNJT).

Contact www.radiokef.tn

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:15 281 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

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Radio Gafsa

Gafsa Radio is a public local radio station created on November 7, 1991. It broadcasts from Gafsa city targeting locals of South West Tunisia.

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:15 283 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type Public

Geographic Coverage Regional

Content Type free content

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Media Companies / Groups Institution of the Tunisian Radio

Ownership

Company  Tunisian State 100 %

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Media Companies / Groups

Institution of the Tunisian Radio

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1991

Founder Tunisian State

Ceo Abderrazzak Tabib

Affiliated Interests Ceo Abderrazak Tabib was correspondent in Tunisia for television station France24 and member of the National Union of Tunisian Journalists (SNJT).

Contact Tel: 76.226.600 [email protected]

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

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Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

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Zitouna FM

First faith-based private radio station with the slogan "Tolerance, temperance and moderation, from heart to heart." It broadcasts mainly in Arabic with some programs in French.

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Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private (confiscated)

Geographic Coverage National

Content Type free content

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Ownership

Company  Tunisian State (Confiscated property) 100 %

Facts

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General Information

Founding Year 2007

Founder Sakhr El Materi

Affiliated Interests Founder Born December 2, 1981 in Tunis, Sakhr El Materi is a Tunisian businessman and politician, son-in-law of Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia from 1987 to 2011.

With the Tunisian revolution and the escape of Sakhr El Materi in January 2011, his shares were confiscated by the state

Contact 61, avenue Habib-Bourguiba 2016 Carthage  www.zitounafm.net

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) 350 000 $/ 700 000. TND ( Budget 2015)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

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Radio Jeunes

Radio jeunes is a Tunisian public radio station established on 7 November 1995.

It broadcasts on FM throughout the national territory and has two studios (studios 13 and 14) at the Tunisian Broadcasting house in Tunis (Liberty Avenue).

This public radio focuses on Tunisian youth with a varied programme.

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Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type public

Geographic Coverage National

Content Type free content

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Media Companies / Groups Institution of the Tunisian Radio

Ownership

Company  Tunisian State 100 %

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Media Companies / Groups

Institution of the Tunisian Radio

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1995

Founder Etat tunisien

Ceo Abderrazzak Tabib

Affiliated Interests Ceo Abderrazak Tabib was correspondent in Tunisia for television station France24 and member of the National Union of Tunisian Journalists (SNJT).

Editor-In-Chief Fatima Ben Hmed

Other Important People Malek Riahi

Affiliated Interests other Director important people

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Contact 71, avenue de la Liberté,Tunis  www.radiojeunes.tn

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Headlines

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Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage International

Content Type free content

Active Transparency company/channel informs proactively and comprehensively about its ownership, data is constantly updated and easily verifiable

Media Companies / Groups Digital Media Company

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Ownership

Individual Owner  Nizar Bahloul ?

Company  Maghreb Media ?

 Nexus Sarl ?

Media Companies / Groups

Digital Media Company

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2008

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Founder Nizar Bahloul

Ceo Nizar Bahloul

Editor-In-Chief Nizar Bahloul

Other Important People Deputy Editors in chief Marouen Achouri, Synda Tajine, Ikhlas Latif

Editorial Advisors Sofien Ben Hamida, Ali Mhedhbi, Sami Ben Abdallah

Contact Boulevard Hédi Nouira - Résidence Imen City - Appartement M 1 - 2037 Cité Ennasr II - Tél : (+216) 70.831.100 - 70.831.026 - 70.831.027 Fax : (+216)70.831.025 Mail : mail[at]dmc.com.tn www.businessnews.com.tn

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

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Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage International

Content Type free content

Active Transparency company/channel informs proactively and comprehensively about its ownership, data is constantly updated and easily verifiable

Media Companies / Groups Digital Media Company

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Ownership

Individual Owner  Nizar Bahloul ?

Company  Maghreb Media ?

 Nexus Sarl ?

Media Companies / Groups

Digital Media Company

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2008

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Founder Nizar Bahloul

Ceo Nizar Bahloul

Editor-In-Chief Nizar Bahloul

Other Important People Deputy Editors in chief Marouen Achouri, Synda Tajine, Ikhlas Latif

Editorial Advisors Sofien Ben Hamida, Ali Mhedhbi, Sami Ben Abdallah

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

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Okay FM

Okay FM is a private, predominantly Akan speaking station, which began commercial operations in the Greater Accra Region in 2008. Since its onset, Okay FM like its sister stations has become equally competitive.

GeoPoll's survey report on the performance of radio stations puts Okay FM at number ten nationwide (Q1 2017), with an audience share of 2 %. Okay FM ranks 5th in the Greater Accra Region with an audience share of 6%. The station is equally strong in the Central Region (ranks 5th with an audience share of 6%) and in the Eastern Region (ranks 5th with an audience share of 6%). The station broadcasts a wide variety of contents such as local, national and international news, sports, business, current affairs, information and much more.

Okay FM is registered under Paradise Vision Estate Limited, according to the National Communication Authority. Paradise Vision Estate Limited, however, is a real estate and construction company according to the company’s profile at the Registrar General’s Department. Currently, Okay FM operates under the umbrella of Despite Group of Companies, one of the biggest media companies. It operates other stations including Peace FM, Hello FM, Neat FM as well as a TV station, UTV. It also operates non-media businesses; which include salt mining, food processing, savings and loans among others. The Despite Group was founded and is owned by Osei Kwame Despite, one of the richest businessmen in Ghana.

Key facts

Audience Share 2.4%

Ownership Type Private

Geographic Coverage Central Region, Eastern Region, Greater Accra, Northern Reagion

Content Type free content

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Media Companies / Groups Despite Group of Companies

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Ownership

Ownership Structure A company profile was publicly available at the Registrar General's Department for Paradise Vision Limited, under which Okay FM is listed at National Communications Authority (NCA). According to online information Okay FM operates under Despite Group of Companies, but this connection could not be established in legal terms.

Voting Rights Missing Data

Individual Owner  Osei Kwame 100 %

Media Companies / Groups

Despite Group of Companies

Facts

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General Information

Founding Year 2008

Founder Osei Kwame

Affiliated Interests Founder Osei Kwame is a media entrepreneur with a chain of media outlets in the name of Despite Group of Companies and through a daughter company, U2 Company Limited. He also operates companies in the food business.

Ceo Osei Kwame

Affiliated Interests Ceo see above

Editor-In-Chief Missing Data

Affiliated Interests Editor-In- Missing Data Chief

Other Important People Ernest Ofori Sarpong

Affiliated Interests other Ernest Ofori Sarpong has co-partnered in setting up UTV Ltd, which is important people currently He is co-owner of Paradise Vision Estate Limited.

Contact Paradise Vision Estates Ltd.;Box 17470, Accra;Tel.: 0302406767;Website: okayfmonline.com

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

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Further Information

Meta Data GeoPoll. Radio Audience Share (Jan-March 2017). No public profile was available at the Registrar General’s Department.

Sources  The Entrepreneur Awards Magazine (2016). Meet Ghana’s top five most influential Entrepreneurs: Dr. Osei Kwame (Despite Company Ltd.). Accessed on 27 June 2017.

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Peace FM

Peace FM is a private radio station in the Greater Accra Region that ultimately is run by the Despite Group of Companies.

It is one of the leading radio stations in the country as it ranked first nationwide, with an audience share at 9.7%. Based on the same survey by GeoPoll for the first quarter of 2017, Peace FM is also placed first in the Greater Accra Region with an audience share at 14,7%, and popular in the Eastern (19.2%) and the Central (14.90%) Region. The audience uses Peace FM to get informed: During the Election Day in 2016 for example, Peace FM had the highest listenership peaking at 870,000 viewers from 6-8am.

The station delivers services and programmes to platforms ranging from news, online radio and audio under its corporate brand, ‘Obiara Se Eye’ - Everyone Says It Is Good. Thus - more than just a traditional broadcaster - Peace FM is today evolving into a content company that produces local, national and international news, sports, business, current affairs, information and much more. The station’s contribution to national development has been acclaimed resulting in several awards: Peace FM was for example adjudged Radio Station of the Year 2006 and it also got awards for its morning show, Kokrokoo, hosted by Kwami Sefa Kayi.

The radio station is registered to Despite Music Productions Limited. Despite Music Productions Limited again belongs to Despite Group of Companies under which Hello FM, Okay FM as well as a TV station, UTV operates. The official profile at the Registrar General’s Department shows that Osei Kwame - one of the most successful and richest businessmen in Ghana - owns 100 % of the shares of Despite. Peace FM was said to be a dream of Mr Osei Kwame, which became a reality on May 25, 1999 with the objective of demonstrating support for the local music industry which was on a rapid decline then, put Ghanaian culture above all else. Thus most of the programmes on the station are broadcast predominantly in Twi.

The non-media businesses of the Despite Group of Companies include salt mining, food processing, savings and loans among others.

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Key facts

Audience Share 9.7%

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage national

Content Type free content

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Media Companies / Groups Despite Group of Companies

Ownership

Ownership Structure There is a profile available at the Registrar General's Departent. Peace FM is operated by Despite Music Productions Limited which belongs to Despite Group of Companies. The Group is wholly-owned by Osei Kwame.

Voting Rights Missing Data

Individual Owner  Osei Kwame 100 %

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Media Companies / Groups

Despite Group of Companies

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1998

Founder Dr. Osei Kwame

Affiliated Interests Founder Dr. Kwame is a media entrepreneur with a chain of media outlets in the name of Despite Group of Companies and through a daughter company, U2 Company Limited. He also operates companies in the food business.

Ceo Dr. Osei Kwame

Affiliated Interests Ceo see above

Editor-In-Chief Missing Data

Affiliated Interests Editor-In- Missing Data Chief

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Other Important People Kennedy Osei

Affiliated Interests other Kennedy 'Ken' Osei is the General Manager of the Despite Group of important people Companies, which owns Peace FM, OKAY FM, and Neat FM in Accra, Hello FM in Kumasi, and United Television (UTV). He is the eldest of the children of Dr. Kwame, owner and CEO of the company.

Contact Despite Music Production Ltd. ;Box 17470, Accra; Tel.: 0302-406767/ 406669;Fax: 0302 406531;E-Mail:  [email protected]

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Headlines  Zionfelix.net (2016). Meet Despite's first son who’s now managing Despite Group of Companies. Accessed on 3 July 2017.

Meta Data GeoPoll. Radio Audience Share (Jan-March 2017).

Sources  Peacefmonline.de (2016). Fadda Dickson Gets Excellence Award. Accessed 20 June 2017

 Graphic Online (2009). Osei Kwame Despite - Brainchild Of Peace FM. Accessed 20 June 2017.

 Njeri Wangari (2016). Adom TV & Peace FM dominate Ghana Media on Election day. Accessed 20 June 2017.

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 LinkedIn (2016). Meet Ghana's top five influential Entrepreneurs: Dr. Osei Kwame. Accessed 19 June 2017.

Registrar General (1997-05-15). Despite Company Limited – C-74,775. Accessed in May 2017. Available upon request.

Registrar General (1995-10-25). Despite Music Productions - BNC- 45 2188. Accessed in May 2017. Available upon request.

 LinkedIn (2016). Meet Ghana's top five influential Entrepreneurs: Dr. Osei Kwame. Accessed 19 June 2017.

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Hello FM

Hello FM is a private, predominantly Akan speaking station, which began commercial operations in August 2004 in the Ashanti Region.

GeoPoll's survey report on the performance of radio stations puts Hello FM at number five nationwide in the first quarter of 2017, with an audience share of 4.38%. The station is especially strong in the Ashanti Region (ranks 2nd, audience share: 12.85%) and in Brong Ahafo (ranks 1st, share: 13.28%) The station broadcasts a wide variety of contents such as local, national and international news, sports, business, current affairs, information and much more.

Hello FM according to information from National Communication Authority is registered to Neat FM Company Limited which operates ultimately under the Despite Group of Companies. The Despite Group runs several outlets such as Peace FM, Okay FM, and Neat FM. The Despite Group of Companies was founded and is owned by Osei Kwame ‘Despite’, one of the richest businessmen in Ghana. The idea of setting up the station was conceived by Osei Kwame to serve the people of Ashanti and beyond, after serving residents of Accra with Peace FM. Despite Group of Companies has other non- media businesses, include salt mining, food processing, savings and loans among others.

Key facts

Audience Share 4.3%

Ownership Type Private

Geographic Coverage Ashanti Region, Brong Ahafo

Content Type free content

Data Unavailable ownership data is not publicly available, company/channel denies the release of information or does not respond, no public record exists

Media Companies / Groups Despite Group of Companies

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Ownership

Ownership Structure Hello FM is registered to Neat FM Company Limited acoording to National Communications Authority. Based on online information Hello FM is operated by Despite Group of Companies. The Group is wholly-owned by Dr. Osei Kwame. However, there was no company profile available of Neat FM Company Limited at Registrar General's Department, thus the connection cannot be established in legal terms.

Voting Rights Missing Data

Individual Owner  Osei Kwame 100 %

Media Companies / Groups

Despite Group of Companies

Facts

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General Information

Founding Year 2002

Founder Osei Kwame

Ceo Osei Kwame

Affiliated Interests Ceo see above

Editor-In-Chief Missing Data

Affiliated Interests Editor-In- Missing Data Chief

Other Important People Fadda Dickson

Affiliated Interests other Fadda Dickson is the Director of Administration & Finance at the media wing important people of the Despite Group of Companies, and one of its three directors according to the Registrar General. He has received several awards in recognition of his exploits in radio managemen.

Contact Neat FM Company Ltd. P.O. Box 17470, Accra; Tel.: 0322080861 /0264233405/ 0264233405

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

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Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Meta Data GeoPoll. Radio Audience Share (Jan-March 2017). No public profile was available at the Registrar General’s Department.

Sources  Nhyira FM (2017). GeoPoll: Luv FM, Nhyira FM top audience ratings in Ashanti Region. Accessed on 22 June 2017

 Graphic Online (2009). Osei Kwame Despite - Brainchild Of Peace FM. Accessed on 22 June 2017

 LinkedIn (2016). Meet Ghana’s top five most influential Entrepreneurs: Dr. Osei Kwame. Accessed on on 22 June 2017

 Ghana Web (2016). Top 7 media programmes & platforms influencing 2016 polls. Accessed on on 22 June 2017.

 Ghana Web (2016). Top 7 media programmes & platforms influencing 2016 polls. Accessed on 22 June 2017.

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PeaceFMOnline

PeaceFMOnline is the online platform of Peace FM, a private radio station in the Greater Accra Region. The platform provides news updates local, national and international news, sports, business, current affairs, and other specific information about Ghana to both local and international audiences.

According to Alexa, it is ranked 13th amongst the Top Sites in Ghana – while it is the fourth most popular news website. In a survey by Goodman AMC, PeaceFMOnline was mentioned as a news source among the top seven online influencers that Ghanaians would trust to provide first-hand and reliable information in the 2016 presidential election. The online platform held a trust percentage of 12% and ranked third among online platforms in the country

PeaceFMOnline like the radio station is operated by Despite Music Productions Limited which again belongs to Despite Group of Companies. In the official profiles at the Registrar General, it shows that Osei Kwame - one of the most successful and richest businessmen in Ghana owns the Despite Group of Companies. The non-media businesses of the Despite Group of Companies include salt mining, food processing, savings and loans among others.

Key facts

Audience Share Alexa Rank (13), News Website (4)

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage International

Content Type free content

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Media Companies / Groups Despite Group of Companies

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Ownership

Ownership Structure PeaceFMOnline.com belongs to Peace FM, which is operated by the Despite Music Production. There is a profile available about Despite Music Production at the Registrar General's Department. It has the same shareholder as Despite Group of Companies. Osei Kwame owns 100%.

Voting Rights Missing Data

Individual Owner  Osei Kwame 100 %

Media Companies / Groups

Despite Group of Companies

Facts

General Information

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Founder Osei Kwame

Ceo Osei Kwame

Affiliated Interests Ceo see above

Editor-In-Chief Missing Data

Affiliated Interests Editor-In- Missing Data Chief

Other Important People Kennedy Osei

Contact Despite Music Production Ltd.; (Peace FM) Box 17470, Accra;Tel.: 0302-406767/406669;Fax: 0302 406531;E-Mail:  [email protected]

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

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Further Information

Sources  Ghana Web (2016). Top 7 media programmes & platforms influencing 2016 polls. Accessed on 22 June 2017

 Peace FM online (n.d.). About Us. Accessed on 27 June 2017

 LinkedIn (2016). Meet Ghana’s top five most influential Entrepreneurs: Dr. Osei Kwame. Accessed on 22 June 2017

Registrar General’s Department. Date of Registration 2014-12-22. Peace FM – SN008312014. Accessed in May 2017.

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United Television (UTV)

United Television Ghana (UTV Ghana) is a private, free-to-air television broadcaster in Ghana. It was launched by United Television Ghana Limited in 2013. UTV Ghana is perceived by Ghanaians as a local television station in the country largely due to their keen interest to satisfy the local Ghanaian market. It therefore broadcasts mainly in local languages.

UTV has the highest audience share (16.4% ) among all TV channels in the country, according to Geopoll, a mobile survey platform (January – March 2017). UTV has an audience penetration reach of 76% nationwide. During the week of the 2016 election (2nd - 8th December 2016), it was the most watched Ghanaian TV station. The highest peak point was 20:00hrs when the station had 1.2 Mio viewers.

Besides political news, UTV Ghana airs and produces mainly entertainment programmes including dramas, telenovelas, blockbuster movies and other entertainment shows. In the run-up to the December polls in Ghana, a survey conducted by Goodman AMC (a research consulting firm), shows that UTV News was the fifth most trusted source of information by respondents during the period.

The station operates under the company name United Television Ghana Limited which belongs to U2 Company Limited. It is jointly owned by Ernest Ofori Sarpong and Osei Kwame. The latter is also into other business operations such as real estate development, salt mining, stone quarry, fertilizer production, food processing and cable and wire manufacturing. He also owns – among various other businesses - the big media network “Despite Group of Companies” (Peace FM, Hello FM, Neat FM, Okay FM and Peacefmonline.com).

UTV was so far the latest channel to be birthed by a union between Osei Kwame and his fellow business colleague.

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Key facts

Audience Share 16.4%

Ownership Type Private

Geographic Coverage Greater Accra Region and Ashanti Region

Content Type Free-to-air (UHF)

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Media Companies / Groups U2 Company Limited

Ownership

Ownership Structure There was a company profile available at the Registrar General's Department. U2 Company Limited is a joint ownership between Osei Kwame, owner of Despite Group of Companies, and Ernest Ofori Sarpong.

Individual Owner  Osei Kwame 50%

 Ernest Ofori Sarpong 50%

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Media Companies / Groups

U2 Company Limited

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2009

Founder Osei Kwame, Ernest Sarpong

Affiliated Interests Founder Osei Kwame and Ernest Sarpong are entrepreneurs with business interest in the banking, mining and food processing sectors

Ceo Osei Kwame

Affiliated Interests Ceo Kwame is an entrepreneur with a chain of media outlets in the name of Despite Group of Companies and through a daughter company, U2 Company Limited. He also operates companies in the food business.

Editor-In-Chief Missing Data

Affiliated Interests Editor-In- Missing Data Chief

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Other Important People Kennedy Osei

Fadda Dickson

Affiliated Interests other General Manager, Despite Group of Comapanies and son of Osei Kwame important people

Director at Despite Group of Companies and Head of Administarion and Finance at the company.

Contact U2 Company Ltd.;P.O.Box 17470, Accra

Financial Information

Revenue (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Headlines  Peace FM Online (2016). UTV Wins Tourism-Oriented Media Award (Watch). Accessed 29 June 2017.

 Chris Danquah (2017). Wontumi, UTV Sued By Baba Jamal Over Galamsey Claims. Accessed on 29 June 2017.

 Citi FM Online (2016). UTV emerges most watched TV station again – GeoPoll. Accessed on 29 June 2017.

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Meta Data Audience share from TV Stations based on a Geopoll report (Jan.-March 2017).

Sources  Vivian Kai Lokko (2015). UTV most watched TV station in Ghana – Report. Accessed on 16 June 2017.

 Facebook Inc. (2017). UTV’s Facebook page. Accessed on 16 June 2017.

 Ghana Trade - Ministry of Trade & Inspire Nature Advertising (2017). Special Ice Company Limited. Accessed on 16 June 2017.

 GhanaWeb (2016). Top 7 media programmes & platforms influencing 2016 polls. Accessed on 16 June 2017.

Registrar General (2011-09-08). United Television – SN009892015. Accessed on in May 2017. Available upon request.

Registrar General's Department. Date of Registraion 2014-10-28. U2 Company Limited – CS513722014. Accessed on in May 2017. Available upon request.

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Tunigate.net

Key facts

Audience Share Missing Data

Ownership Type private

Geographic Coverage International

Content Type free content

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

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Ownership

Individual Owner  Oussema Aribi ?

 Mustapha Majd ?

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2015

Founder Oussema Aribi and Mustapha Majd

Ceo Oussema Aribi and Mustapha Majd

Editor-In-Chief Syrine Guediche

Other Important People Mohamed Amine Zgayya

Affiliated Interests other He is a young journalist, who writes many articles for tunigate and is their important people community manager on facebook.

Contact Immeuble Panorama, RDC APP A 02 Centre Urbain Nord, 1082 Tunis Tel: +216 36 36 1982  [email protected]  tunigate.net

Financial Information

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Revenue (in Mill. $) *costs of 3000 TND per months

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) none

Market Share Missing Data

Further Information

Sources O. Arabi et M. Majd, interview, June 1, 2016

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Media Ownership

All media outlets monitored by MOM have a legal status and belong to a company. Two media outlets are run without a license (Zitouna TV & Zitouna Hidaya) and three outlets have a unclarified status (El Hiwar Ettounsi, Hannibal TV and Nessma TV) . Newspapers and online media do not require a license.

Are there owners who own several media?

A low horizontal concentration exists in the print sector, as most publishing houses edit several newspapers. They usually release a French and an Arabic version, as required by current regulations. In the private TV sector, two channels belong to the same company, which is prohibited by law. Both channels run without a license.In the radio sector, some owners hold - either directly or indirectly - shares in several stations. (See concentration)

Many companies publish an online version of their TV, radio or newspaper content. Most of the online sites analysed were such second-cycle outlets. Besides that phenomenon, the state presents the only actor with a significant cross-media ownership, with two newspapers, four radio stations and two television stations.

Owners

INDIVIDUAL OWNERS MEDIA COMPANIES

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Individual Owners

Diverse owners, but basically no women

Most print companies are family businesses. Businessmen are more attracted by radios, while individuals with political affiliations value televisions. One of the analysed media belongs to an employer organization (UTICA).

Six TVs of the ten were founded or are held by individuals from the political world. Nebil Karoui, founder of Nessma TV has responsibilities within Nidaa Tounes and Oussama Ben Salem, founder of Zitouna TV and Zitouna Hidaya, is part of the management of Ennahda party, among others. (see Political affiliations)

Some Tunisian businessmen are direct or indirect shareholders in several radio stations, such as Lotfi Abdennadher (Mosaique FM and Diwan FM) or Aziz Miled. When he died on November 7, 2012 he left his shares to his heirs, including his shares in Radio Jawhara FM, and other "indirect" shares (shares held through a venture capital company – SODIC SICAR) in the Radio Sabra FM. (see concentration)

The owners of the newspapers are mostly the men who founded the paper. Their families (wives and children) often hold some shares in the company. In the case of Moncef Ben M'Rad, several members of his family are active in the media sector.

Among the pure player website are some young people (Oussama Aribi and Mustapha Majd) that have businesses in the IT field. Another online media was founded by the daughter of a publishing house owner. Furthermore, Noureddine Ben Ticha (advisor to the President of the Republic) and Tarek Chouchane who also owns a telecommunication company, own an online outlet.

Women are a minority. They are often linked to a man or serve as representative. Asma Ben Jemaii, CEO of El Hiwar Ettounsi, is the wife of Sami Fehri, founder of Ettounsiya TV and a partner in the production company Cactus Prod. Saida El Amri is the widow of the founder of Dar Anour, Chiraz Ben M'Rad, founder of Joumhouria.com, is the daughter of the owner of the newspaper Akhbar Jomhouria and Rola Essid, wife of Sami Essid, co-founder of Zitouna TV, bought Oussama Ben Salem shares

Ali Haj Youssef Amor Naggazi Amor Touil Asma Ben Jmiaa wife Fehri

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Chékib Nouira Chiraz Ben M'Rad Famille Jamoussi Hamed Soyah

Heirs of Aziz Miled Kais Mabrouk Lassad Khedher Lazhar Sta

Lotfi Abdennadher Lotfi Charfeddine Moez Ben Gharbia Mohamed Abderraouef Ben Khalfallah

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Mohamed Ismail El Mohamed Salah Ben Moncef Ben M'rad Mustapha Majd Amri M'rad

M’hamed Ben Mezri Ben Nebil Karoui Nizar Bahloul Noureddine Ben Ticha Youssef

Noureddine Boutar Noureddine Hachicha Omar Jenayah Oussema Aribi

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Raouf Cheikh Rouhou Rola Essid Saida El Amri Salah El Hajja

Sami Essid SIDCO SICAR Silvio Berlusconi Slim Mansouri Shareholders

Sofiene Boussetta Taher Bayahi Taïeb Zahar Tarek Ben Ammar

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Tarek Chouchane Tarek Kedada

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Lotfi Abdennadher

Businessman active in the building materials and buildings industry. Owner of the ABC Abdennadher Group (about 12 companies) and shareholder of the Radio Mosaique FM, Lotfi Abdennadher is the president of Sfax Football Club (CSS).

He was close to the Trabelsi clan during the reign of Ben Ali and is currently head of Somocer.

Yassine Laamouri, manager of several companies of the Abdennadher Group, is the Chairman of Executive Board oft he company Addiwen de production audio visuelle, the company that manages the Radio Diwan FM

He manages the shares of Lotfi Abdennadher of Radio Diwan, while Abdennadher is listed personally as a shareholder of the Radio Mosaique FM.

Media Companies / Groups

13.3% 31%

MED TELECOM Addiwen de production audio visuelle

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Media Outlets

13.3% Radio 13.3% Online 30.8% Radio

Mosaïque FM mosaiquefm.net Diwan FM

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Heirs of Aziz Miled

After Aziz Miled died on November 7, 2012, his shares in all companies went to his heirs.

Aziz Miled, born in Kairouan in 1938, was a Tunisian businessman who worked since 1968 mainly in the tourism, hotel and aviation sectors.

In 2003, the airline company Nouvelair of Miled and Karthago Airlines of Belhassen Trabelsi, brother of the wife of President Ben Ali, start working together in operational assistance and operating their fleets. In August 2006, Miled and Trabelsi ask the company Edmond de Rothschild to study the feasibility of a merger between the two airlines. In the fall of 2008, the merger of the two companies is decided after reaching an agreement on the transfer of social rights of both companies and the suspension of trading of Karthago Airlines at the Tunis Stock Exchange following a buyout offer.

Karthago owns 21% and the Miled Group 79% of the new company. The constituent general meeting of the company is held on 25 December 2009. As of 28 January 2011, Miled is again CEO of Nouvelair replacing Trabelsi who fled to Canada following the Tunisian 2011 Revolution.

Aziz Miled is also associated with other relatives of former President Ben Ali, namely Sakher El Materi, son-in- law of the President, at the Zitouna Bank and the Mabrouk group. One of the heirs is a Marouane another son- in-law of the president, who is at the first private bank of the country, the Banque Internationale Arabe de Tunisie.

On the political level, Aziz Miled signed in 2010 two calls for a new candidacy of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali (call of 65 and call of 1000). In 2009, he is member of the Central Committee of the Democratic Constitutional Rally (RCD).

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Media Companies / Groups

? 8%

SIDCO SICAR Société Jawhara des médias et des telecommunications

Media Outlets

8% Radio 8% Online

Jawhara FM Jawharafm.net

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Saida El Amri

Saida El Amri is the widow of Slaheddine El Amri and current wife of Abdejellil Masoudi, the number two at Dar Anouar. She is the owner and CEO of Dar Anouar.

Media Companies / Groups

20%

Dar Anouar

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Media Outlets

Print 20% Print 20% Online

Al Chourouk Al Anouar Alchourouk.com

Facts

Further Information

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Sources  Al Chourouk (2016), Qui sommes nous

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Raouf Cheikh Rouhou

Raouf Cheikhrouhou, born in 1953 in Tunis is the son of Habib Cheikhrouhou, founder of Dar Assabah. He worked as a journalist at Dar Assabah and used to be Chairman of the Board of Directors. In 2014, he announced that he intents to buy the shares of Dar Assabah held by the state, however these will be sold by tender. He launches in 2012, with Chafika Chamas the television channel Al Horra News, which has ceased its activites.

Media Companies / Groups

20%

Dar Assabah

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Media Outlets

20% Print

Assabah

Facts

Further Information

Sources  Prosdelacom (2012), Chafika Chamas avec Raouf Cheikhrouhou lancent Al Horra News

Dar Assabah (2016), Questionnaire, available upon request

 Webmanagercenter (2014), Raouf Cheikhrouhou à la reconquête de Dar Assabah

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M’hamed Ben Mezri Ben Youssef

M'hamed Ben Youssef Ben Mezri is the founder, owner and manager of Dar Tunis Hebdo. His son Walid Ben M'Hamed Ben Youssef holds less than 1% of the shares of the publishing house. Mr. Ben Youssef, born in 1938, studied at the high school in Sousse before heading to Brussels to study at the Royal Military School where he studied humanities. He has the training of an officer. After returning to Tunisia he resigned from the military and decided to create a newspaper - Tunis-Hebdo. According to him, he was interested in politics and wanted to express himself through the newspaper. He founded Dar Tunis Hebdo in 1984 and the newspaper Al Khabar. Until recently he also wrote for the newspaper and has produced more than 1,000 editorials.

Media Companies / Groups

99%

Dar Tunis Hebdo

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Media Outlets

99% Print

Al Akhbar

Facts

Family & Friends

Affiliated Interests Family Walid Ben Youssef Members Friends Is the son of M’hamed Ben Mezri Ben Youssef. He created a company that publishes the online newspaper Webdo. In addition, he is journalist at Tunis- Hebdo.  www.webdo.tn

Further Information

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Sources M. Ben Mezri Ben Youssef, interview, May 13, 2016

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Moncef Ben M'rad

Moncef Ben M'rad, journalist, filmmaker and writer, born April 2, 1943 in Hammam-Lif in Tunisia, is the founder of the newspaper Akhbar Al Jomhouria. He studied philosophy and psychology in Tunisia and France. He also founded in 1979, together with Taieb Zahar - his nephew - the weekly Réalités, published by the Maghreb Media Group, which he left later. During the 70s, he was the president of the Federation of Film Societies and active member of the federation of amateur filmmakers from Tunisia. In the 70s, he made three short films: "Une ombre est passée" ; "Le roi" ; "Karim et la mer" and a professional short film "Confessions d'un cannibale." In 2005 he was awarded the "Golden Comar" for his novel "les Lumières de Nejma". In 2008 he wrote, directed and produced a short film called "La danse des cimetières". In 2015, he wrote a book in memory of the struggle of Tunisian women "Tunisiennes et révolution- le combat des femmes." On 15 April 2011, he was elected, President of the Tunisian Association of Newspaper Editors (FTDJ), a post he held until 2013. Currently he is the owner, general manager and editor of the newspaper Akhbar al Jomhouria.

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Media Companies / Groups

100%

Akhbar Médias

Media Outlets

100% Print

Akhbar al Joumhouria

Facts

Family & Friends

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Affiliated Interests Family Chiraz Ben M’rad Members Friends dauther of Moncef Ben M'rad  Chiraz Ben M’rad

Mohamed Salah Ben M'rad son of Moncef Ben M'rad  Mohamed Salah Ben M'rad

Taïeb Zahar nephew of Moncef Ben M'rad  Taïeb Zahar

Imen Bahroun Ben Mrad She is the wife of Kais Ben M'rad's, nephew of Moncef Ben M'rad. She is a journalist who worked in print media (including Al Akhabr Jomhouria), radio and television (Hannibal TV). In 2012 she was named CEO of the Tunisian television. Most recently she worked at TAP, where she is on leave. She is also manager of the company IB COM PROD.

Further Information

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Sources C. Ben M’rad, interview, May 2, 2016

C. Ben M’rad, email, May, 2016

C. Ben M'rad (2016), questionnaire, available upon request

JORT (2006), Annonce au journal N° 22 du 17 mars 2006, Identifiant de l'annonce : 2006T01501SURLB1

 Le Quotidien (2012), Tunisie - Médias: Moncef Ben Mrad, président de l’Association des directeurs des journaux (ATDJ)

 La Presse de Tunisie (2013), La Fédération tunisienne des directeurs de journaux est née

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 Realites (2016), Qui sommes nous

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Slim Mansouri

Slim Mansouri born in 1960 and of Tunisian nationality, founded Babnet Tunisia in 2000 and in 2010 the company MSM IT to manage the website. He studied engineering and worked in aviation. He spent around 25 years abroad, including in France, England and the gulf countries. In 2000 he decided to launch the site Babnet at a moment where the Internet became increasingly important. Originally his goal was to understand the functioning of a website, nowadays it is an information site. Slim Mansouri is the founder, owner and managing editor of Babnet and his company MSM IT.

Media Companies / Groups

100%

MSM IT

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Media Outlets

100% Online

babnet.net

Facts

Further Information

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Sources S. Mansouri, interview, May 30, 2016

S. Mansouri (2016), Questionnaire, available upon request

Registre de Commerce (2016), MSM IT

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Chiraz Ben M'Rad

Chiraz Ben M'rad, born in 1973 in Tunis, is the founder and manager of the site www.jomhouria.com and the company Médias Plus. She made her MA in 1995 at the Institut Supérieur de Gestion ISG Bardo and her Diploma of Advanced Studies in 1997 at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales in Montreal with a specialisation in international communication. In 1997, she began working at her father’s newspaper Akhbar Al Jomhouria, as a manager and as a journalist. She continued her training at the African Centre for Development of journalists and communicators CAPJC. At the end of 2012 she created the news website www.jomhouria.com which became alive in early 2013. She is also a founding member of the Tunisian Foundation for Women and Memory (FTFM) (2015).

Media Companies / Groups

51%

Médias Plus

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Media Outlets

51% Online

Jomhouria.com

Facts

Family & Friends

Affiliated Interests Family Moncef Ben M'rad Members Friends father of Chiraz Ben M’rad

Mohamed Salah Ben M'rad brother of Chiraz Ben M’rad

Further Information

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Sources C. Ben M’rad, email, May, 2016

Registre de Commerce (2016), Médias Plus

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Mohamed Salah Ben M'rad

He is the brother of Chiraz Ben M'Rad, manager of the company Médias Plus and the website jomhouria.com. According to her, Mohamed Salah Ben M'Rad is not active in the company.

Media Companies / Groups

49%

Médias Plus

Media Outlets

49% Online

Jomhouria.com

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Facts

Family & Friends

Affiliated Interests Family Moncef Ben M'rad Members Friends father of Mohamed Salah Ben M'rad

Chiraz Ben M’rad sister of Mohamed Salah Ben M'rad

Further Information

Sources Registre de Commerce (2016), Médias Plus

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Amor Touil

Amor Touil, born in 1952 in Zagouan, is the founder, owner and manager of Al Moussawar and the company Dar Al Moussawar. His family owns some shares in the company. Al Moussawar was part of Dar Anouar, but Amor Touil left the publishing house in 2011 just after the revolution following differences with Saida El Amri, owner of Dar Anouar.

Media Companies / Groups

100%

Dar Al Moussawar

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Media Outlets

100% Print

Al Moussawar

Facts

Family & Friends

Affiliated Interests Family Saida El Amri Members Friends Amor Touil used to be part of Dar Anouar, property of Saida El Amri, until 2011.

Further Information

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Sources Registre de Commerce (2016), Dar Al Moussawer

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Nizar Bahloul

Media Companies / Groups

45%

Digital Media Company

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Media Outlets

? Online

businessnews.com.tn

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Salah El Hajja

Salah El Hajja, founder of Assarih and Dar el Irada worked for several newspapers, including Al Sahibat Jalala, Al-Massira Assabah and Arraï Al-âam before founding Assarih in 1995. Sihem Bensedrine, human rights activist and director of Radio Kalima filed a complaint against him for defamation in 2005 and 2011.

Media Companies / Groups

Dar Irada

Media Outlets

? Print

Assarih

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Facts

Further Information

Active Disguise in addition to unavailability of true data, ownership is disguised, e. g. through bogus companies, etc.

Sources  African Manager (2011), Salah Hajja menace de s'immoler par le feu

 FIDH (2011), Instrumentalisation de la justice en Tunisie : Ingérence, violations, impunité

 Jawhara FM (2011), Ben Sedrine porte plainte contre trois journalistes proches de Ben Ali

 Mosaique FM (2010), Salah Al-Hajja dans la cour de ‘Sahibat Al-Jalala

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Oussema Aribi

Oussema Aribi, born in 1985 in Tunis, is a founder of tunigate. He is also the sole owner of the company i-hosters, single-member limited liability company (SUARL) with a capital of 4000 TND, the host / partner of tunigate. In addition, he is the only owner of the company Tunisia Corporation, single-member limited liability company (SUARL) with a capital of 4000 TND, a service company. He studied at the University of Manouba and at USATECH in San Francisco. By profession he is an English teacher.

Media Outlets

? Online

Tunigate.net

Facts

Business

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Business Tunisia Corporation | Is a company for the creation of websites, originally founded by Mohammed Naim Yaakoubi and Oussema Aribi, which now belongs to Oussema Aribi only (Register of Commerce: B2494102009)

Further Information

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Sources O. Arabi et M. Majd, interview, June 1, 2016

Registre de Commerce (2016), I-hosters

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Mustapha Majd

He is one of the founders of Tunigate.

Media Outlets

? Online

Tunigate.net

Facts

Further Information

Sources O. Arabi et M. Majd, interview, June 1, 2016

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Mohamed Abderraouef Ben Khalfallah

Mohamed Abderraouef Ben Khalfallah born in 1965 was responsible for marketing at Dar Assabah before the revolution. After the revolution he created his own newspaper Akher Khabar.

Media Companies / Groups

90%

Dar Akher Khabar

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Media Outlets

90% Online

Akherkhabaronline.com

Facts

Further Information

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Sources M.A.Ben Khalfallah, interview, June 2, 2016

Registre de Commerce (2016), Dar Akher Khabar

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Noureddine Boutar

A trained journalist Noureddine Boutar is the CEO of the Radio.

He founded Mosaique FM with six other shareholders, among them the son-in-law of former President Ben Ali, BelhassenTrabelsi

Boutar is the majority shareholder of the radio.

Media Companies / Groups

20.3%

MED TELECOM

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Media Outlets

20.3% Radio 20.3% Online

Mosaïque FM mosaiquefm.net

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Hamed Soyah

In 1989, Hamed Soyah worked with RTCI as a correspondent in Paris for three years. In 1996, he participated in the launch of a radio station in Phnom Penh (Cambodia), and hosted the country's first ever French-language daily program in collaboration with Radio France Internationale.

Back in Tunisia in 2000, he tried to launch his radio, Medina, but his request of authorization did not succeed.

In 2004, he launched his webradio but left his universe to devote himself to the world of computer and software by creating his company SWIB, which employs about twenty engineers and developers.

After the revolution which changed the media landscape, he filed an FM frequency application in February 2011, with the support of Sofiene Boussetta, his friend and associate.

Media Companies / Groups

34%

Radio Ibtissama FM

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Media Outlets

34% Radio

IFM

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Tarek Chouchane

Tarek Chouchane, Tunisian, born in 1965 in Algeria is the majority shareholder of the company holding "Al Jarida", even though Noureddine Ben Ticha is more known as an owner. He is also manager of the company Alissar, a telecommunications company.

Media Companies / Groups

51%

Le Journal

Media Outlets

51% Online

Aljarida.com.tn

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Facts

Business

Business Alissar Tunisie | A company with a capital of 300 000 TND specialized in providing telecommunications services and solutions. He manages the company together with Hassan Chaar | URL #

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Noureddine Ben Ticha

Noureddine Ben Ticha, born in 1973 in Jemmal, is founder, owner and editor of the online newspaper Al Jarida. At the same time he is a senior advisor to the President, in charge of relations with the Parliament and political parties. He is an active member of Nidaa Tounes. He studied at the Faculty of Economic Sciences of Tunis and began early to revolt against the dictatorial regime for which he was imprisoned. He went into exile at the invitation of Amnesty International and moved to Paris where he resumed his studies and continued his activism. When he returned to Tunisia, he created a company of Livestock and Meat Production with his family in Jemmal. He was a columnist at Mosaique FM. In 2011 he founded the newspaper Al Jarida. In 2014, he announced to leave the management to ensure the independence of the newspaper and free himself for his political activities. Despite the appointment of a new manager and a new editor-in-chief he is still involved in the newspaper as director of publication.

Media Companies / Groups

49%

Le Journal

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Media Outlets

49% Online

Aljarida.com.tn

Facts

Further Information

Headlines  Businessnews (2016), Noureddine Ben Ticha, conseiller principal à la présidence de la République

 Noureddine Ben Ticha quitte la rédaction d’Al Jarida

 L'arme secrète de Noureddine Ben Ticha Noureddine

Sources JORT (2008), Annonce publiée au Journal N° 35 du 29 avril 2008, identifiant : 2008A00337SRLB1

 L’économiste Maghrébin (2012), Le site « Al-Jarida » attaqué par des hackers

Registre du Commerce (2016), Le Journal

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Taïeb Zahar

Taieb Zahar est le PDG et le propriétaire de Maghreb Média, société qui édite l’hebodomadaire Réalités qu’il a fondé en 1979. Il est également le Président de la Fédération tunisienne des directeurs de journauxn et actionnaire chez Maghreb Editions, société au capital de 1 230 000 dinars ainsi que de de Maghreb Média Digital (60%), SARL au capital de 50 000.

Media Companies / Groups

97%

Digital Media Company Maghreb Media

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Media Outlets

Online

businessnews.com.tn

Facts

Family & Friends

Affiliated Interests Family Moncef Ben M'Rad Members Friends Moncef Ben M'Rad is his oncle.

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Lotfi Abdennadher

He was close to the Trabelsi clan during the reign of Ben Ali and is currently head of Somocer.

He manages the shares of Lotfi Abdennadher of Radio Diwan, while Abdennadher is listed personally as a shareholder of the Radio Mosaique FM.

Media Companies / Groups

13.3% 31%

MED TELECOM Addiwen de production audio visuelle

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Media Outlets

13.3% Radio 13.3% Online 30.8% Radio

Mosaïque FM mosaiquefm.net Diwan FM

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Ali Haj Youssef

Media Companies / Groups

Société Jawhara des médias et des telecommunications

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Media Outlets

4% Radio 4% Online

Jawhara FM Jawharafm.net

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Lazhar Sta

Lazhar STA is a Tunisian businessman. As a partner of Belhassen Trabelsi, brother of former president Ben Ali's wife, Lazhar STA was the general manager of the company Carthage Cement.

The holding company BINA CROP of the Lazhar STA Group is among the Tunisian leaders in the construction materials market.

Lahar STA is shareholder of two radios, Mosaique FM and Jawhara FM.

Media Companies / Groups

8% 13%

Société Jawhara des médias et des MED TELECOM telecommunications

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Media Outlets

13% Radio 13% Online 8% Radio

Mosaïque FM mosaiquefm.net Jawhara FM

8% Online

Jawharafm.net

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Amor Naggazi

CEO of the radio Sabra FM, journalist for Sabra FM, director of the festival “Printemps de Kairouan” and vice-president of the football, team from Kairouan "Al Chabiba"

Media Companies / Groups

Société Khaldouni Production

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Media Outlets

Radio

Sabra FM

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Heirs of Aziz Miled

After Aziz Miled died on November 7, 2012, his shares in all companies went to his heirs.

Aziz Miled, born in Kairouan in 1938, was a Tunisian businessman who worked since 1968 mainly in the tourism, hotel and aviation sectors.

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Media Companies / Groups

? 8%

SIDCO SICAR Société Jawhara des médias et des telecommunications

Media Outlets

8% Radio 8% Online

Jawhara FM Jawharafm.net

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SIDCO SICAR Shareholders

Institution of private equity in Central West, SIDCO was created in December 1991 in the form of a SICAF then transformed into SICAR following the publication of Law No. 95-87 of 30 October 1995 establishing the SICAR. It is now one of the oldest Tunisian venture capital companies. The SIDCO SICAR has 29 shareholders divided as follows: 11 Financial Institutions: S.T.B

B.N.A.

U.B.C.I.

B.T.

B.T.K.

STB-SICAR

ID-SICAR

ATTIJARI BANK

B.T.S.

B.I.A.T.

B.H.

3 public institutions

OCT

C.N.S.S

Tunisian Chemical Group

15 Private individuals and legal entities

S.T.B.O.

S.T.B.N.

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Abdelhamid KHECHINE Group other private shareholders. It also includes the heirs of businessman Aziz Miled, shareholder of the radios Jawhara FM and Sabra FM, through SIDCO SICAR.

Media Companies / Groups

Société Khaldouni Production

Media Outlets

Radio

Sabra FM

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Tarek Kedada

Saudi businessman of Palestinian origin. He is presented as the majority shareholder of the company owning Hannibal TV. Even though he resigned as Managing Director and he does not comply with the requirements of HAICA which prohibits a foreigner from holding more than 10% of the capital of an audiovisual media.

Media Companies / Groups

49%

Audio Visual International Gaia Equity Limited Production AVIP - Tunisie SA

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Media Outlets

49% TV

Hannibal TV

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Noureddine Hachicha

Tunisian businessman, chairman of the SOROUBAT Group, he is Chairman of the Executive Board of AVIP - Tunisie

Media Companies / Groups

Audio Visual International Production AVIP - Tunisie SA

Media Outlets

? TV

Hannibal TV

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Sami Essid

Tunisian businessman close to Ennahda

Media Companies / Groups

50%

Chaine Zitouna d'Information et Communication

Media Outlets

50% TV 50% TV

Zitouna Hidaya TV Zitouna TV

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Rola Essid

Wife of Sami Essid

Media Companies / Groups

50%

Chaine Zitouna d'Information et Communication

Media Outlets

50% TV 50% TV

Zitouna Hidaya TV Zitouna TV

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Mohamed Ismail El Amri

He is the son of Saida El Amri and Slaheddine El Amri.

Media Companies / Groups

80%

Dar Anouar

Media Outlets

80% Print 80% Print 80% Online

Al Chourouk Al Anouar Alchourouk.com

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Sofiene Boussetta

Sofiene Boussetta is the communications director of IFM radio.

As a longtime friend of Hamed Soyah, they are partners at SWIB, a company specialized in the implementation of IT projects in Tunisia and abroad.

Sofiene Boussetta owns shares in IFM radio, as do Hamed Soyah and the group la carte d'assurances.

Media Companies / Groups

15%

Radio Ibtissama FM

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Media Outlets

15% Radio

IFM

Facts

Business

Business IT Business - www.swibinfo.com/fr

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Famille Jamoussi

La famille Jamoussi détient le siège de la radio Diwan Fm et ses différents bureaux administratifs et commerciaux. Mokhtar Jamoussi, sa femme Bayya Jamoussi et leurs enfants Chihem, Chakib, Ferdaous et Chafik sont tous actionnaires de la radio. La famille détient 28% des parts de la société Addiwen en total.

Media Companies / Groups

28%

Addiwen de production audio visuelle

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Media Outlets

28% Radio

Diwan FM

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Taher Bayahi

Taher Bayahi is the head of the Bayahi Group – Tunisian partner of the French supermarkets brand "Auchan".

The Bayahi Group acquired the state’s shares in the capital of Magasin Général in a joint venture with the Poulina Group. Since its creation, the Group has been active in three main fields, namely industry, agriculture and services, with more than thirty companies.

Taher Bayahi holds 15% of the radio Shems FM.

Media Companies / Groups

15%

Tunisia Broadcasting

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Media Outlets

15% Radio 15% Online

Shems FM Shemsfm.net

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Chékib Nouira

By training a banker Chékib Nouira is a Tunisian businessman.

Chékib Nouira is former Chairman of the Board (2000-2005) and former CEO (2005-2007) of the Arab International Bank of Tunisia. He is currently chairman of the Strategic Orientation Committee of the Arab Institute of Business Managers (IACE).

Chékib Nouira is also head of the CFE Group, active in the prêt-a- porté industry for women’s fashion. The group holds 16 companies in the textile industry, all export-oriented.

Chékib Nouira holds 15% of the radio Shems FM.

Media Companies / Groups

15%

Tunisia Broadcasting

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Media Outlets

15% Online 15% Radio

Shemsfm.net Shems FM

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Moez Ben Gharbia

Moez Ben Gharbia is a host and producer of Tunisian television. He founded the company V Production, owner of Attassia TV.

In the 2000s, he works as sports presenter for Canal + Horizons, then for Canal 21, Hannibal TV and finally for the public TV channel. After the revolution, he hosted and produced the political talk show "9 PM" which achieved a high audience. In 2015, he launched the TV channel Attessia.

On March 13, 2015, Moez Ben Gharbia, the imitator of Wassim Herissi and the director of the productions of V Production, are arrested and accused of committing an offense against the head of state, Beji Caid Essebsi. A few days later, they are sentenced to six months suspended prison terms and are released.

Media Companies / Groups

V Production

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Media Outlets

Attessia TV

Facts

Further Information

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Sources

Statuts de la société V Production Registre du Commerce : B0136002012

 Tunisie: deux vedettes arrêtées pour offense (AFP)

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Nebil Karoui

Nebil Karoui is the founder of the second private television channel that obtained a license in Tunisia. He also owns companies specialized in advertising, marketing and audiovisual production. In 2016, he officially resigned as CEO of Nessma TV to concentrate on his political activities within the party Nida Tounes.

Media Companies / Groups

50%

Nessma Broadcast

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Media Outlets

50% TV

Nessma TV

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Tarek Ben Ammar

Businessman active in the media, production and distribution industries.

Media Companies / Groups

24% 1% ?

Nessma Broadcast Prima TV

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Media Outlets

24% 1% TV

Nessma TV

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Silvio Berlusconi

Italian politician and businessman, president of the Council of Ministers from 1994 to 1995, from 2001 to 2006 and from 2008 to 2011.

Founder and leader of the financial holding company Fininvest, then of the communications group Mediaset, Silvio Berlusconi is one of the richest men in Italy with a fortune estimated at several billion euros.

Media Companies / Groups

25% ?

Nessma Broadcast Mediaset Investment

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Media Outlets

25% TV

Nessma TV

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Omar Jenayah

Omar Jenayah is the son of Othman Jenayah, previous football star and former president of the Etoile sportive du Sahel. He runs several companies specializing in real estate and tourism.

Media Companies / Groups

V Production

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Media Outlets

1% TV

Attessia TV

Facts

Further Information

Sources  Omar Jenayah launches a real estate and tourist company

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Lotfi Charfeddine

Lotfi Charfeddine is the brother of Ridha Charfeddine, businessman, member of Parliament and chairman of the étoile sportive du Sahel. Former shareholder of Attassia, Ridha Charfeddine was the victim of an assassination attempt in 2015.

Media Companies / Groups

49%

V Production

Media Outlets

49% TV

Attessia TV

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Facts

Family & Friends

Affiliated Interests Family Ridha Charfeddine Members Friends Ridha Charfeddine is the brother of Lotfi Charfeddine and former shareholder of V Production, the company owning the television station Attassia TV.

Ridha Charfeddine was elected as member of the Parliament with the Nidaa Tounes party, winner of the elections in October 2014. In 2015, he is the victim of an assassination attempt whose causes are still unknown. According to the managers of Attassia and the person concerned, he is no longer a shareholder of V Production.

Further Information

Sources  Who is Ridha Charfeddine and why would they want to kill him?

Answers returned to the MOM team Available on demand

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Chiraz Ben M'Rad

Media Companies / Groups

51%

Médias Plus

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Media Outlets

51% Online

Jomhouria.com

Facts

Family & Friends

Affiliated Interests Family Moncef Ben M'rad Members Friends father of Chiraz Ben M’rad

Mohamed Salah Ben M'rad brother of Chiraz Ben M’rad

Further Information

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Sources C. Ben M’rad, email, May, 2016

Registre de Commerce (2016), Médias Plus

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Mohamed Salah Ben M'rad

He is the brother of Chiraz Ben M'Rad, manager of the company Médias Plus and the website jomhouria.com. According to her, Mohamed Salah Ben M'Rad is not active in the company.

Media Companies / Groups

49%

Médias Plus

Media Outlets

49% Online

Jomhouria.com

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Facts

Family & Friends

Affiliated Interests Family Moncef Ben M'rad Members Friends father of Mohamed Salah Ben M'rad

Chiraz Ben M’rad sister of Mohamed Salah Ben M'rad

Further Information

Sources Registre de Commerce (2016), Médias Plus

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Taïeb Zahar

Media Companies / Groups

97%

Digital Media Company Maghreb Media

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Media Outlets

Online

businessnews.com.tn

Facts

Family & Friends

Affiliated Interests Family Moncef Ben M'Rad Members Friends Moncef Ben M'Rad is his oncle.

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Mosaique FM Shareholders

Media Companies / Groups

MED TELECOM

Media Outlets

Radio Online

Mosaïque FM mosaiquefm.net

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Jawhara FM Shareholders

The shareholders of the Radio Jawhara FM are a group of businessmen of the Sahel region, close to the Ben Ali regime who comes from the same region.

Media Companies / Groups

Société Jawhara des médias et des telecommunications

Media Outlets

Radio Online

Jawhara FM Jawharafm.net

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Diwan FM Shareholders

Among the 23 owners of the company Addiwen several family links are evident among shareholders.

As for the Jamoussi family, which owns the headquarters of the radio and its various administrative and commercial offices, there is Jamoussi Mokhtar who is married to Bayya Jamoussi. They have two children which are also shareholders of the company, Chihem Chakib and Ferdaous.

As for the Mseddi family, there is Mohamed Amine Abbes and his brother Abbes, managing director of the radio. Wadiia Mseddi is their uncle.

Regarding Yassine Laamouri, shareholder and chairman of the board of the company, he represents and manages several companies of the Abdennadher Group of the businessman Lotfi Abdennadher. Lotfi Abdennadher. Laamouri represents and manages the shares of the Abdennadher Group in the company Addiwen.

As for Rim and Mohamed, with the same surname "Dhouib", the managing director of the radio, Mr. Abbes Mseddi clarified that these two are not related.

Media Companies / Groups

41%

Addiwen de production audio visuelle

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Media Outlets

Radio

Diwan FM

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Sabra FM Shareholders

Media Companies / Groups

Société Khaldouni Production

Media Outlets

? Radio

Sabra FM

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Hannibal TV Shareholders

Mongi Makni

Habib Makni

Imed Ghaïth

Media Companies / Groups

Audio Visual International Production AVIP - Tunisie SA

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Media Outlets

Hannibal TV

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Mohamed Ayachi Ajroudi

Mohamed Ayachi Ajroudi, né le 22 décembre 1951, à Gabès, est un homme d’affaires et homme politique tunisien. Depuis 2013, il détient Al Janoubia à 99% à travers la société CIF, une firme spécialisée dans le conseil et l’assistance en matière d’investissements étrangers en Tunisie. La même année, il crée un parti politique et parvient à y rallier, pour un temps, plusieurs députés de l’Assemblée nationale constituante.

Il est associé à Taoufik Baccar, ancien ministre, ancien gouverneur de la banque central et membre du RCD, sous le régime de Ben Ali.

En juillet 2018, Mohamed Ayachi Ajroudi est condamné par contumace à 1 an de prison ferme en première instance, dans une affaire qui l’oppose à Farhat Jouini, fondateur de la chaîne, depuis 2013. Il est accusé d’avoir falsifié le contrat de bail de location et de n’avoir pas payé les loyers et factures du local de la chaîne.

Fin janvier 2019, Ajroudi est acquitté par la cour d’appel de Tunis dans l’affaire de la falsification de contrat. Dans une déclaration accordée à Kapitalis, Farhat Jouini a indiqué que le procès concernant les impayés était encore en cours. Les montants dus s’élèveraient à plus de 700.000 dinars.

Mohamed Ayachi Ajroudi finance lui-même sa chaîne de télévision qui connaît de grandes difficultés financières et n’accapare qu’une très faible part d’audience.

Media Companies / Groups

99%

FM3 Production

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Media Outlets

99% TV

Al Janoubia TV

Facts

Further Information

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Sources  Ayachi Ajroudi condamné à un an de prison

 Affaire Al Janoubia TV Ayachi Ajroudi acquitté de sa peine de prison

 Mohamed Ayachi Ajroudi, ce Tunisien qui exportera les services de l'ONAS à l'étranger

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Chiraz Ben M'Rad

Media Companies / Groups

51%

Médias Plus

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Media Outlets

51% Online

Jomhouria.com

Facts

Family & Friends

Affiliated Interests Family Moncef Ben M'rad Members Friends father of Chiraz Ben M’rad

Mohamed Salah Ben M'rad brother of Chiraz Ben M’rad

Further Information

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Sources C. Ben M’rad, email, May, 2016

Registre de Commerce (2016), Médias Plus

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Mohamed Salah Ben M'rad

He is the brother of Chiraz Ben M'Rad, manager of the company Médias Plus and the website jomhouria.com. According to her, Mohamed Salah Ben M'Rad is not active in the company.

Media Companies / Groups

49%

Médias Plus

Media Outlets

49% Online

Jomhouria.com

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Facts

Family & Friends

Affiliated Interests Family Moncef Ben M'rad Members Friends father of Mohamed Salah Ben M'rad

Chiraz Ben M’rad sister of Mohamed Salah Ben M'rad

Further Information

Sources Registre de Commerce (2016), Médias Plus

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Taïeb Zahar

Media Companies / Groups

97%

Digital Media Company Maghreb Media

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Media Outlets

Online

businessnews.com.tn

Facts

Family & Friends

Affiliated Interests Family Moncef Ben M'Rad Members Friends Moncef Ben M'Rad is his oncle.

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Amor Touil

Media Companies / Groups

100%

Dar Al Moussawar

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Media Outlets

100% Print

Al Moussawar

Facts

Family & Friends

Affiliated Interests Family Saida El Amri Members Friends Amor Touil used to be part of Dar Anouar, property of Saida El Amri, until 2011.

Further Information

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Sources Registre de Commerce (2016), Dar Al Moussawer

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Mohamed Ismail El Amri

He is the son of Saida El Amri and Slaheddine El Amri.

Media Companies / Groups

80%

Dar Anouar

Media Outlets

80% Print 80% Print 80% Online

Al Chourouk Al Anouar Alchourouk.com

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Asma Ben Jmiaa wife Fehri

Asma Ben Jemia is the wife of Sami Fehri. After buying shares of Tahar Ben Hassine, she becomes the owner and CEO of Al Hiwar Ettounsi.

Media Companies / Groups

99%

El Hiwar Ettounsi TV SA

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Media Outlets

99% TV

El Hiwar El Tounsi

Facts

Family & Friends

Affiliated Interests Family Sami Fehri Members Friends Asma Ben Jemaii est l'épouse de Sami Fehri, fondateur d'Ettounsiya. La diffusion de sa chaîne avait été stoppée à la suite d'un différend avec Sami Riahi, homme d'affaires et président d'un parti politique représenté dans l'actuel gouvernement (UPL).

Further Information

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Sources Contrat de cession de parts sociales à Asma Ben Jemiaa épouse Fehri Procès verbaux datés de septembres et octobre 2014 dans lesquels figurent les contrats de cession de parts - Registre du commerce.  El Hiwar El Tounsi - Wikipédia

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Kais Mabrouk

Media Companies / Groups

90%

TUNISIA WORLD TELEVISION "TWT"

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Media Outlets

90% TV

Carthage +

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Lassad Khedher

Businessman managing several companies in France, particularly in the field of training and education.

Media Companies / Groups

TUNISIA WORLD TELEVISION "TWT"

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Media Outlets

9% TV

Carthage +

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Aïcha Driss Jenayah

Aïcha Driss Jenayah, la femme Othman Jenayah et mère de Omar Jenayah.

Media Companies / Groups

Olivier Invest Sicaf

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Taoufik Baccar

Taoufik Baccar est un ancien ministre puis gouverneur de la banque centrale sous l’ancien régime de Ben Ali. Il a été limogé de son poste de gouverneur le 16 janvier 2011, au lendemain de la révolution.

Il était également membre du comité central Rassemblement constitutionnel démocratique (RCD), le parti du président déchu, jusqu’à sa dissolution en 2011.

Il est proche et associé de Mohamed Ayachi Ajroudi, homme d’affaires et homme politique tunisien, propriétaire réel de la chaîne de télévision Al Janoubia.

Media Companies / Groups

0.1%

FM3 Production

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Media Outlets

0.1% TV

Al Janoubia TV

Facts

Further Information

Sources  Tunisie: Liste des membres du comité central du rcd

 Ce que dit Taoufik Baccar dans son livre de Ben Ali, Mohamed Ghannouchi et Mustapha Kamel Nabli

 Mohamed Ayachi Ajroudi : pratiques illégales, condamnations judiciaires et projets farfelus

 Taoufik Baccar au service d'Ajroudi

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Osei Kwame

Osei Kwame is a Ghanaian by birth and hails from Agona Wiamoase in the Ashanti region in Ghana. He is popularly known by the name Osei Kwame 'Despite' due to his company’s name, Despite Group, of which he is the Chief Executive Officer. His association with the media started, when he started selling audio cassettes. He has since those early days grown to become a media entrepreneur with a chain of media outlets in the name of Despite Group of Companies and through a daughter company, U2 Company Limited. He also operates companies in the food business.

In 1999, Osei Kwame revived the Ghanaian media landscape with the launch of Peace FM. Peace FM had majority of its content broadcast in Akan, which was a novelty at that time. Osei Kwame could quickly expand his media network to Okay FM, Neat FM, Hello FM and Peace FM Online and grouped them under the umbrella of Despite Group of Companies. Kwame owns 100 percent shares in the company.

In March 2015, Osei Kwame and Ernest Ofori Sarpong formed the U2 Company Limited. The company birthed UTV Ghana, a television station with a substantial audience share in Ghana. Both of them own fifty percent shares apiece in the company. The son of Osei Kwame, Kennedy Osei, is presently the General Manager of the Despite Group of Companies.

Osei Kwame presently has other business interests including Neat and Atona food processing companies, distributors of range of staple food products and diary food products on the Ghanaian market.

He also serves as a member of the Board of Directors of Best Point Savings and Loans Limited, a wholly owned Ghanaian savings and loans company.

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Media Companies / Groups

100% 50%

Despite Group of Companies U2 Company Limited

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Media Outlets

100% Radio 100% Radio 100% Radio

Peace FM Hello FM Okay FM

100% Online 50% TV

PeaceFMOnline United Television (UTV)

Facts

Business

Finance Special Investment Company Limited

Best Point Saving and Loans

Food & Beverages Atona food production

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Neat Foods Company Limited

NEAT Fufu

NEAT Banku

NEAT Abenkwan

NEAT Hausa Koko

NEAT Diary Products

U2 Salt Limited

Special Ice Company Limited

Music Production Despite Music Production Limited

Television & radio Neat FM Company Limited broadcasting

U2 Company Limited

Online Content Production Despite Digital Limited

Family & Friends

Affiliated Interests Family Ernest Sarpong Members Friends is a friend of Osei Kwame with common business interest. Ernest is a shareowner and one of the Dirctors of U2 Company Limited, mangaers of UTV Ghana. He also serves a Board Chairman of Best Point Savings and Loans Limited, a financial institution Kwame serves as a Board member.

Kennedy Osei Kennedy 'Ken' Osei is the General Manager of the Despite Group of Companies, which owns Peace FM, OKAY FM, and Neat FM in Accra, Hello FM in Kumasi, and United Television (UTV). He is the eldest of the children of Dr. Kwame, owner and CEO of the company.

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Further Information

Headlines  PeaceFMOnline (n.d.). Osei Kwame Despite@50: The Untold Story (2012), Accessed 28 June 2017

 Billings Tanna (2016). Jobberman Ghana Personality Profile (24): Osei Kwame Despite (2016), Accessed 28 June 2017.

 G. K. Sarpong (2016). 3 secrets of Kwame Despite that must inspire every young entrepreneur (2016). Accessed 28 June 2017

Sources  Small Business Ghana (2016). The Success Story of Osei Kwame Despite – Despite Group of Companies. Accessed 28 June 2017.

 Billings Tanna (2016). Jobberman Ghana Personality Profile (24): Osei Kwame Despite. Accessed 28 June 2017

 Best Point (n.d.). Best Point Team Members. Accessed 28 June 2017.

 Zionfelix.net (2016). Meet Despite's first son who’s now managing Despite Group of Companies. Accessed 28 June 2017

Registrar General’s Department. Date of Registration 1997-05-15. Despite Company Limited – C-74,775. Accessed in May 2017.

Registrar General’s Department. Date of Registration 1995-10-25. Despite Music Productions - BNC- 45 2188. Accessed on in May 2017.

Registrar General’s Department. Date of Registration 2014-10-28. U2 Company Limited – CS513722014. Accessed in May 2017.

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Ernest Ofori Sarpong

Ernest Sarpong is a business man and an entrepreneur. He first formed the SARPONG VENTURES LTD, an import and trading business, and later the Special Investments Ltd, a real estate and construction business.

Ernest, in conjunction with his friend Osei Kwame formed the United 2 Co. Ltd which is a holding company for the U2 Salt Ltd. salt mining company, United Television (UTV Ltd), a television station and Best Point Savings and Loans Co. Ltd, a savings and Loans Company.

Ernest also owns Special Ice Ltd, a mineral water which currently has production points in Accra and Kumasi. He has been conferred with a Doctorate Degree of Philosophy in Law from Barkley University in the United States of America for his contribution to the socio-economic development of Ghana. Ernest has also been awarded the Best Manufacturing Entrepreneur for 2013 by Entrepreneurs Foundation under the auspices of the Ministry of Trade and Industries.

Media Companies / Groups

50%

U2 Company Limited

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Media Outlets

Radio Radio Radio

Peace FM Hello FM Okay FM

Online 50% TV

PeaceFMOnline United Television (UTV)

Facts

Business

Import & Export Sarpong Ventures Limited

Real Estate & Construction Special Investment Limited

Food & Beverages u2 Salt Limited

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Special Ice Limited

Financial Services Best Point Savings & Loans

Further Information

Sources  Peace FM (2015). CEO Of Special Ice Now Dr. Ernest Ofori Sarpong, Accessed on June 30, 2017

 Sankofa Ghanian Chicago Community (2013). Profile Of Dr. Ernest Ofori Sarpong (C.E.O, Special Ice Ltd), Accessed on June 30, 2017

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Media companies

Most companies are S.A corporations or limited liability companies that were created for the management of the media outlet of which they are owner. Most of them are not active in other businesses. There are also public institutions (national Radio and television) of which the state is the owner.

Al Karama Holding, which replaced Princess Holding (belonging to the son-in-law of Ben Ali) after the revolution, manages several companies confiscated by the state, including media companies (Dar Assabah, Shems FM, Zitouna FM).

Some companies are diversifying their activities, such as Nessma Broadcast that just launched a mobile operator (Nessma Mobile).

The companies that own shares in these media companies may however have various activities (Insurance, Investment Fund), may be part of Tunisian media groups (Maghreb Media which publishes the weekly Réalités and is a shareholder in the company that owns Business News) or foreign groups (Mediaset, the Italian media group linked to Silvio Berlusconi, is one of the shareholders of Nessma Broadcast).

Addiwen de production Akhbar Médias Al Karama Holding Audio Visual audio visuelle International Production AVIP - Tunisie SA

Chaine Zitouna Dar Akher Khabar Dar Al Moussawar Dar Anouar d'Information et Communication

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Dar Assabah Dar Irada Dar Tunis Hebdo Digital Media Company

El Hiwar Ettounsi TV SA Établissement de la FM3 Production Gaia Equity Limited télévision tunisienne

Groupe d'assurance la Institution of the Karoui & Karoui Le Journal carte Tunisian Radio Mediacorp

Maghreb Media MED TELECOM Médias Plus Mediaset Investment

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MSM IT Nessma Broadcast Nexus Sarl Prima TV

Radio Ibtissama FM SIDCO SICAR SNIPE Société Jawhara des médias et des telecommunications

Société Khaldouni Tunisia Broadcasting Tunisia World Television Tunisian State Production

Tunisian State UTICA Journal Al Bayane V Production (Confiscated property)

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SNIPE

The SNIPE is a S.A. corporation, but public, with a capital of 5,525,760 TND. As the Tunisian Radio and Television and the Tunisian Press Agency the SNIPE is under supervision of the Presidency of the Government which appoints its CEO. The SNIPE was created in 1973.

Key facts

Business Form public

Legal Form S.A. corporation

Business Sectors publishing, printing

Ownership

Company  Tunisian State 19.2 %

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Group  Public institutions (SNIPE owners) Tunisian Trade Office : 31,27% 80.8 % Tunisian Press Agency (TAP) : 15,04 Tunisian Company of Insurance and Reinsurance : 4,69% Tunisian Petroleum Business company: 4,87% National Oil Distribution Company : 4,87% Tunisian Company of Refining Industries : 17,55% El Bouniane Company: 0,20% The National Tobacco and Matches Board : 0,07% Staff of the SNIPE : 2,26%

Media Outlets

Print Print

Essahafa Alyawm La Presse

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Other Media Outlets

Other Print Outlets La Presse Business (in cooperation with Financial Times)

Other Online Outlets  http://www.lapresse.tn

 http://www.essahafa.info.tn

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1973

Founder Tunisian state

Employees 435

Contact 17 Rue Garibaldi, Tunis Tel: +216 71 341 006  [email protected]  www.lapresse.tn

Tax/ ID Number B189341996 - Register of Commerce 0000852P - Tax Number

Financial Information

Revenue (Financial Data/ 6.9 Mio. $ / 15 Mio. TND (2015) Optional)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) -0.99 Mio. $ / 2.1 Mio. TND (2015)

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Advertising (in % of total 4.9 Mio. $/ 10 Mio. TND (2015) (72%) funding)

Management

Executive Board CEO (Belgacem Tayaa)

3 representatives of the Presidency of the Government

1 representative of the Ministry of Finance

1 representative of the National Trade Office

1 representative of the Tunisian Press Agency

Further Information

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Sources Registre du Commerce (2016), SNIPE

SNIPE (2016), Questionnaire, available upon request

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Dar Assabah

The Tunisian press, printing, publishing, distribution and advertising society, "Dar Assabah" is a private company with a capital of 1,008,880 TND, long held by the family Cheikhrouhou. In 2009, Sakhr El Materi, Chairman of the Princesse Holding Group, acquired 70% shares of Dar Assabah. Princesse Holding held also other media such as Radio Zitouna FM (launched by them in 2007). Dar Assabah spoke openly in favor of Ben Ali (eg in 2009). Sakhr El Materi's assets were seized by the state after the revolution and Al Karama Holding (former Princesse Holding) is now under the control of the State (see Decree-Law No. 2011-13 of 14 March 2011, on confiscation of assets and movable and immovable property). Dar Assabah also used to publish the weekly Saba Al Khair before the revolution.

Key facts

Business Form private (confiscated)

Legal Form S.A. corporation

Business Sectors printing, publishing, distribution and advertising

Ownership

Company  Tunisian State (Confiscated property) 79%

Individual Owner  Raouf Cheikh Rouhou 20%

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Media Outlets

Assabah

Other Media Outlets

Other Print Outlets Le Temps

Assabah Al Ousboui

Other Online Outlets  http://www.letemps.com.tn

 http://www.assabah.com.tn

 http://www.assabahnews.tn

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1969

Founder Habib Cheikhrouhou

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Employees 186 (2011)

Contact Boulevard Mohamed Bouazizi, Menzah, Tunis Tel: +216 71 238 222 Fax:+216 71 753 693  [email protected]  www.assabah.com.tn

Tax/ ID Number B164771997 - Register of Commerce 000393H - Tax Number

Financial Information

Revenue (Financial Data/ 2.7 Mio. $/ 5.6 Mio. TND (2014) Optional)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) -1.4 Mio.$/-3 Mio. TND (2014)

Advertising (in % of total 1.46 Mio. $/ 3.15 Mio TND (2015) (56%) funding)

Management

Executive Board Al Karama Holding- Mohamed Anouar Maarouf

Presidency of the Government represented by Houda Ben Amor

Ministry of Culture represented by Lotfi Ben Mbarek

Ministry of Economy and Finance represented by Raja Lahmadi

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Abderrahmen Khochtali (CEO)

Raouf Cheikh Rouhou (son of the founder)

Non-Executive Board Missing Data

Supervisory Board Missing Data

Further Information

Headlines  Raouf Cheïkhrouhou : Mehdi Jomâa n’a pas le droit de nommer un PDG à la tête de Dar Assabah

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Sources  Al Karama Holding (2016), Dar Assabah

Dar Assabah (2016), Questionnaire, available upon request

A. Khochtali & H. Ghribi, interview, May 9, 2016

Registre de Commerce (2016), Dar Assabah

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UTICA Journal Al Bayane

UTICA Journal Al Bayane is a company for the management of the newspaper Al Bayane, which belongs to the trade union UTICA.

Key facts

Business Form belongs to a trade union

Business Sectors publishing

Media Outlets

Al Bayane

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Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1991

Founder UTICA

Tax/ ID Number B17112003 - Register of Commerce 0031140H - Tax Number

Financial Information

Revenue (Financial Data/ Missing Data Optional)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Further Information

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

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Dar Anouar

Dar Anouar, company with a capital of 2.41 million TND, is a publishing house founded in 1981 by Slaheddine El Amri. At his death in 2002 his wife inherits Dar Anouar. Dar Anaour publishes several daily newspapers, Al Chourouk and Le Quotidien and the weekly Al Anwar. Al Moussawar, a weekly in Arabic, founded in 1985 by Amor Touil was part of Dar Anoaur until 2011 when Amor Touil separated from Dar Anouar. In the region of Tunis, Dar Anouar works with Daadaa to distribute its newspapers, in the other regions of Tunisia it has its own network.

Key facts

Business Form private

Legal Form limited liability partnership

Business Sectors printing, publishing, distribution

Ownership

Individual Owner  Saida El Amri 20%

 Mohamed Ismail El Amri 80%

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Media Outlets

Print Print Online

Al Anouar Al Chourouk Alchourouk.com

Other Media Outlets

Other Print Outlets Le Quotidien

Other Online Outlets  http://www.alchourouk.com

 http://www.lequotidien.tn

Facts

Media Business

Media Business Printing of newspapers (Al Bayane (UTICA), Echaâb (UGTT), and before also Al Maghrib

General Information

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Founding Year 1981

Founder Slaheddine El Amri

Employees 240 (estimation)

Contact 25, Avenue Jean Jaurès, Tunis Tel: +216 71 331 000 Fax: +216 70 201 006  www.alchourouk.com

Tax/ ID Number B18101998 - Register of Commerce 12927F - Tax Number

Financial Information

Revenue (Financial Data/ Missing Data Optional)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Management

Executive Board Saida El Amri

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Other Influential People Abdejellil Masoudi, husband of Saida El Amri, is effectively the number two at Dar Anouar. He used to work as a journalist at Le Quotidien (Dar Anouar), worked at the Tunisian External Communication Agency (ATCE) and the Tunisian Consulate in Strasbourg. He was a member of the Democratic Constitutional Rally (RCD) until 2009 and responsible for their external relations from 2001 to 2003.

Further Information

Headlines  Saida El Amri: Dar Al Anwar n'a jamais été mise en vente, elle se redeploie

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Sources  Abid, Z. (2011), Le Rcdiste Abdeljélil Messaoudi fait de la résistance

 Al Chourouk (2016), Qui sommes nous

A. Massoudi, interview, May 3, 2016

Registre de Commerce (2016), Dar Anouar

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Dar Assabah

Key facts

Business Form private (confiscated)

Legal Form S.A. corporation

Business Sectors printing, publishing, distribution and advertising

Ownership

Company  Tunisian State (Confiscated property) 79%

Individual Owner  Raouf Cheikh Rouhou 20%

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Media Outlets

Assabah

Other Media Outlets

Other Print Outlets Le Temps

Assabah Al Ousboui

Other Online Outlets  http://www.letemps.com.tn

 http://www.assabah.com.tn

 http://www.assabahnews.tn

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1969

Founder Habib Cheikhrouhou

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Employees 186 (2011)

Contact Boulevard Mohamed Bouazizi, Menzah, Tunis Tel: +216 71 238 222 Fax:+216 71 753 693  [email protected]  www.assabah.com.tn

Tax/ ID Number B164771997 - Register of Commerce 000393H - Tax Number

Financial Information

Revenue (Financial Data/ 2.7 Mio. $/ 5.6 Mio. TND (2014) Optional)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) -1.4 Mio.$/-3 Mio. TND (2014)

Advertising (in % of total 1.46 Mio. $/ 3.15 Mio TND (2015) (56%) funding)

Management

Executive Board Al Karama Holding- Mohamed Anouar Maarouf

Presidency of the Government represented by Houda Ben Amor

Ministry of Culture represented by Lotfi Ben Mbarek

Ministry of Economy and Finance represented by Raja Lahmadi

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Abderrahmen Khochtali (CEO)

Raouf Cheikh Rouhou (son of the founder)

Non-Executive Board Missing Data

Supervisory Board Missing Data

Further Information

Headlines  Raouf Cheïkhrouhou : Mehdi Jomâa n’a pas le droit de nommer un PDG à la tête de Dar Assabah

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Sources  Al Karama Holding (2016), Dar Assabah

Dar Assabah (2016), Questionnaire, available upon request

A. Khochtali & H. Ghribi, interview, May 9, 2016

Registre de Commerce (2016), Dar Assabah

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SNIPE

Key facts

Business Form public

Legal Form S.A. corporation

Business Sectors publishing, printing

Ownership

Company  Tunisian State 19.2 %

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Media Outlets

Print Print

Essahafa Alyawm La Presse

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Other Media Outlets

Other Print Outlets La Presse Business (in cooperation with Financial Times)

Other Online Outlets  http://www.lapresse.tn

 http://www.essahafa.info.tn

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1973

Founder Tunisian state

Employees 435

Contact 17 Rue Garibaldi, Tunis Tel: +216 71 341 006  [email protected]  www.lapresse.tn

Tax/ ID Number B189341996 - Register of Commerce 0000852P - Tax Number

Financial Information

Revenue (Financial Data/ 6.9 Mio. $ / 15 Mio. TND (2015) Optional)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) -0.99 Mio. $ / 2.1 Mio. TND (2015)

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Advertising (in % of total 4.9 Mio. $/ 10 Mio. TND (2015) (72%) funding)

Management

Executive Board CEO (Belgacem Tayaa)

3 representatives of the Presidency of the Government

1 representative of the Ministry of Finance

1 representative of the National Trade Office

1 representative of the Tunisian Press Agency

Further Information

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Sources Registre du Commerce (2016), SNIPE

SNIPE (2016), Questionnaire, available upon request

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Dar Tunis Hebdo

Dar Tunis Hebdo is a publishing house that publishes two weekly, Tunis-Hebdo in French and Al Khabar in Arabic. The company with a capital of 1,552,480 TND, is owned and managed by the Ben Youssef family, mainly by M'hamed Ben Mezri Ben Youssef, who founded it in 1984, after having created Tunis-Hebdo in 1973. Dar Tunis Hebdo has its own printing house and its own distribution network. The publishing house had problems during the regime of Bourguiba who suspended Tunis-Hebdo three times and under Ben Ali who made them pay more than 500,000 dinars penalties through the National Social Security Fund (CNSS). After the revolution, Dar Tunis Hebdo filed a complaint to claim the money back. In addition, Dar Tunis Hebdo prints books for the National Center for Education (a public company of the Ministry of Education).

Key facts

Business Form private

Legal Form limited liability partnership

Business Sectors printing, publishing, distribution

Ownership

Individual Owner  M’hamed Ben Mezri Ben Youssef 99%

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Media Outlets

Al Akhbar

Other Media Outlets

Other Print Outlets Tunis-Hebdo

Other Online Outlets -

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1984

Founder M’hamed Ben Mezri Ben Youssef

Employees 46

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Contact 11 Rue Ali Bach Hamba, Tunis Tel : +216 71 344 100 Fax : +216 71 355 079  [email protected]

Tax/ ID Number B138992000 - Register of Commerce 0014376E - Tax Number

Financial Information

Revenue (Financial Data/ Missing Data Optional)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Management

Executive Board M’hamed Ben Mezri Ben Youssef

Walid Ben Youssef (his son)

Further Information

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Sources M. Ben Mezri Ben Youssef, interview, May 13, 2016

Registre de Commerce (2016), Dar Tunis Hebdo

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Akhbar Médias

Akhbar Médias is a company with a capital of 11 000 TND created by Moncef Ben M’rad to manage the newspaper Akhabr Al Jomhouria.

Key facts

Business Form private

Legal Form limited liability partnership

Business Sectors publishing

Ownership

Individual Owner  Moncef Ben M'rad 100 %

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Media Outlets

Akhbar al Joumhouria

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1990

Founder Moncef Ben M'rad

Employees 20

Contact 14, Rue Ibn Jazzar - Tunis Tel : +216 71797055  [email protected]

Tax/ ID Number B1131891997- Register of Commerce 0307293E - Tax Number

Financial Information

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Revenue (Financial Data/ *0.14 Mio.$ /0.3 Mio TND (2015) Optional)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) *-0.14 Mio.$ /0.3 Mio TND (2015)

Advertising (in % of total ( 80% private advertisement, 20% public advertisement) funding)

Further Information

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Sources C. Ben M’rad, interview, May 2, 2016

C. Ben M’rad (2016), questionnaire, available upon request

C. Ben M’rad, email, May, 2016

Registre de Commerce (2016), Akhbar Médias

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MSM IT

MSM IT is a company with a capital of 3 000 TND to manage the website babnet, founded in 2010 by Slim Mansouri when babnet became increasingly important. The company belongs to 100% to Slim Mansouri.

Key facts

Business Form private

Legal Form limited liability partnership

Business Sectors IT operations

Ownership

Individual Owner  Slim Mansouri 100 %

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Media Outlets

Online

babnet.net

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2010

Founder Slim Mansouri

Employees 7

Contact Rue Lac Victoria, Les berges du Lac, 2045 Tunis Tel: +216 71 965 945  [email protected]  www.babnet.net

Tax/ ID Number B24172372010 - Register of Commerce 1170813J - Tax Number

Financial Information

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:20 483 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Revenue (Financial Data/ Missing Data Optional)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total 100% private advertisement funding)

Further Information

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Sources S. Mansouri, interview, May 30, 2016

S. Mansouri (2016), Questionnaire, available upon request

Registre de Commerce (2016), MSM IT

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Dar Al Moussawar

Dar Al Moussawar, a company with a capital of 300 000 TND was created by Amor Touil in 2011 to manage the newspaper Al Moussawar when it was seperated from Dar Anouar.

Key facts

Business Form private

Legal Form limited liability partnership

Business Sectors publishing

Ownership

Individual Owner  Amor Touil 100 %

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Media Outlets

Al Moussawar

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2011

Founder Amor Touil

Contact 41 Rue Khaireddine Pacha, Tunis Tel: +216 71 902 904 Fax: +216 71 902 921

Tax/ ID Number B31102912011 - Register of Commerce 1202722J - Tax Number

Financial Information

Revenue (Financial Data/ Missing Data Optional)

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:20 486 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Further Information

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Sources Registre de Commerce (2016), Dar Al Moussawer

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Digital Media Company

Key facts

Business Form private

Legal Form S.A. corporation

Ownership

Individual Owner  Nizar Bahloul 45%

Company  Maghreb Media ?

 Nexus Sarl ?

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Media Outlets

Online

businessnews.com.tn

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Dar Irada

Dar Al Irada founded in 1996 by Salah El Hajja and managed by him and his family, currently publishes the daily Essarih. The weekly Al Yaoum that used to be published does not exist anymore.

Key facts

Business Form private

Legal Form limited liability partnership

Business Sectors publishing, printing

Ownership

Individual Owner  Salah El Hajja ?

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Media Outlets

Assarih

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1996

Founder Salah El Hajja

Contact Rue Les îles Canaries - Riadh El Andalous 2058 Ariana Ville Ariana  [email protected]

Tax/ ID Number B125541997 - Register of Commerce 0566298B - Tax Number

Financial Information

Revenue (Financial Data/ Missing Data Optional)

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:20 491 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Further Information

Data Unavailable ownership data is not publicly available, company/channel denies the release of information or does not respond, no public record exists

Sources Registre de Commerce (2016), Dar Irada

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UTICA Journal Al Bayane

UTICA Journal Al Bayane is a company for the management of the newspaper Al Bayane, which belongs to the trade union UTICA.

Key facts

Business Form belongs to a trade union

Business Sectors publishing

Media Outlets

Al Bayane

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Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1991

Founder UTICA

Tax/ ID Number B17112003 - Register of Commerce 0031140H - Tax Number

Financial Information

Revenue (Financial Data/ Missing Data Optional)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Further Information

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

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MED TELECOM

Med Telecom is a limited liability company founded in 2003 to manage the radio Mosaique FM. The founder Noureddine Boutar is the majority shareholder and manager.

The brother of former first lady (1992-2011) Leila Ben Ali, held 13% of the capital until his shares were confiscated by the state in 2011 after the revolution.

The company's purpose is audio-visual production, services related to media and to handle all commercial, financial and real estate transactions in connection with the radio.

Key facts

Business Form private

Legal Form limited liability partnership

Business Sectors broadcasting

Ownership

Individual Owner  Noureddine Boutar 20.3 %

 Lotfi Abdennadher 13.3 %

 Lazhar Sta 13%

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Media Outlets

Radio Online

Mosaïque FM mosaiquefm.net

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2003

Employees 145

Contact Immeuble Mosaïque Rue 8003 Montplaisir, Tunis Tel: +216 71 113 000

Tax/ ID Number B149042003 - Register of Commerce 0853067N - Tax Number

Further Information

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

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Société Jawhara des médias et des telecommunications

Jawhara des médias et des telecommunications is the company that manages the activities of Radio Jawhara FM.

Created in 2005, its shareholders are a group of businessmen from the Sahel region, close to the Ben Ali regime, which comes from the same region.

Key facts

Business Form private

Ownership

Individual Owner  Ali Haj Youssef 4%

 Lazhar Sta 8%

 Heirs of Aziz Miled 8%

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Media Outlets

Radio Online

Jawhara FM Jawharafm.net

Facts

Further Information

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

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Tunisia Broadcasting

Tunisia Broadcasting is the company that manages the radio Shems FM.

The company was created in 2010 with a capital of 1.5 million dinars. It was held by Cyrine Ben Ali Mabrouk, daughter of former President Ben Ali, Chakib Nouira, Tahar Bayahi and Fathi Bhoury was appointed CEO of the radio station.

With the departure of Ben Ali, Cyrine Ben Ali's shares were confiscated by the state. The state now owns 70% of the company. The procedure to sell these shares to the private sector is currently being studied.

Key facts

Mother Company 22

Business Form private

Ownership

Company  Tunisian State (Confiscated property) 70%

Individual Owner  Taher Bayahi 15%

 Chékib Nouira 15%

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Media Outlets

Radio Online

Shems FM Shemsfm.net

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2010

Founder Cyrine Ben Ali Mabrouk, Chakib Nouira, Tahar bayahi, Fathi Bhoury

Tax/ ID Number B1131891997- Register of Commerce 0307293E - Tax Number

Further Information

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:20 500 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Dar Akher Khabar

Dar Akher Khabar is a company with a capital of 51 000 TND which publishes the weekly Akher Khabar, the magazine Al Khabar Iqtisadia (an economy magazine) and the website www.akherkhabaronline.com. The company belongs to Mohamed Abderraouef Ben Khalfallah and his wife Rim Ben Khalfallah, born Ayari (10%).

Key facts

Business Form private

Legal Form limited liability partnership

Business Sectors publishing

Ownership

Individual Owner  Mohamed Abderraouef Ben Khalfallah 90%

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Media Outlets

Online

Akherkhabaronline.com

Other Media Outlets

Other Print Outlets Akher Khabar

Al Khabar Iqtisadia

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2011

Founder Mohamed Abderraouef Ben Khalfallah

Contact 13 Rue Tahar Memmi, Menzah 6, 2091 Ariana Tel: +216 71 754 569 Fax: +216 71 232 325  [email protected]  www.akherkhabaronline.com

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Tax/ ID Number B31209292011 - Register of Commerce 1224841K - Tax Number

Financial Information

Revenue (Financial Data/ Missing Data Optional)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Further Information

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Sources M.A.Ben Khalfallah, interview, May 2, 2016

Registre de Commerce (2016), Dar Akher Khabar

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Le Journal

Le Journal is a company with a capital of 10 000 TND to manage the news web site Al Jarida.

Key facts

Business Form private

Legal Form limited liability partnership

Business Sectors publishing

Ownership

Individual Owner  Tarek Chouchane 51%

 Noureddine Ben Ticha 49%

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:20 504 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Media Outlets

Online

Aljarida.com.tn

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2011

Founder Noureddine Ben Ticha

Employees 6

Contact 8 Rue Jean Jacques Rousseau Tunis 1002 Bâtiment Roso Tel: +21671908114 Fax: +21671908115  [email protected]  www.aljarida.com.tn

Tax/ ID Number B01115352011 - Register of Commerce 1204959N - Tax Number

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Financial Information

Revenue (Financial Data/ Missing Data Optional)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total advertisement and sponsoring funding)

Further Information

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Sources Al Jarida (2016), Questionnaire, available upon request

H. Ben Makhlouf, interview, May 17, 2016

Registre de Commerce (2016), Le Journal

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Médias Plus

Médias Plus is the company to manage the website www.jomhouria.com. The company with a capital of 10 000 TND was founded by Chiraz Ben M'rad.

Key facts

Business Form private

Legal Form limited liability partnership

Business Sectors publishing

Ownership

Individual Owner  Chiraz Ben M'Rad 51%

 Mohamed Salah Ben M'rad 49%

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Media Outlets

Online

Jomhouria.com

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2012

Founder Chiraz Ben M'Rad

Employees 10

Contact 14 Rue Ibn Jazzar 1002 Tunis Tel: +216 71797055  www.jomhouria.com

Tax/ ID Number B01213242012 - Register of Commerce 1270020N - Tax Number

Financial Information

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Revenue (Financial Data/ 0.014 Mio. $ / .03 Mio TND (2015) Optional)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) no benefit

Advertising (in % of total (90% private advertisement, 10% public advertisement and personel funding) investment)

Further Information

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Sources C. Ben M’rad, interview, May 2, 2016

C. Ben M’rad (2016), questionnaire, available upon request

C. Ben M’rad, email, May, 2016

Registre de Commerce (2016), Médias Plus

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Institution of the Tunisian Radio

The Institution of the Tunisian Radio (établissement de la radio tunisienne) is a Tunisian public institution created by the former president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali on August 31, 2007 and responsible for the management of the national radio.

The Institution of the Tunisian Radio was created on 7 November 2006 by splitting the Establishment of the Tunisian radio and television broadcasting in two; at this occasion the Tunisian television institution was also created. The decision became effective on 31 August 2007.

Key facts

Business Form public

Legal Form public institution

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Ownership

Company  Tunisian State 100 %

Media Outlets

Radio Radio Radio

Radio Gafsa Radio Jeunes Radio Le Kef

Radio Radio Radio

Radio Monastir Radio Nationale Radio Sfax

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Radio

Radio Tataouine

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2007

Founder Tunisian state

Employees 1140 (2016)

Contact 71 Rue de la liberté 1002

 www.radiotunisienne.tn

Financial Information

Revenue (Financial Data/ 34,492 MTND (Budget 2015) Optional)

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SIDCO SICAR

Investment and development company Central West. It offers services in: project leading, developers and business leaders of the Central West region of Tunisia, Governorates of Kairouan, Kasserine, Sidi Bouzid and Gafsa.

Key facts

Business Form private

Legal Form Venture capital investment company (SICAR)

Ownership

Individual Owner  SIDCO SICAR Shareholders ?

 Heirs of Aziz Miled The heirs of Aziz Miled are also ? shareholders at Radio Jawhara Fm.

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Facts

General Information

Contact E-mail :  [email protected] Téléphone : 216 77 274 022 / 77 274 023 Fax : 216 77 274 025 Sidco-SICAR Boulevard de l’Environnement, El Manar, Kairouan – 3100.

Financial Information

Revenue (Financial Data/ Missing Data Optional)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

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Audio Visual International Production AVIP - Tunisie SA

AVIP Tunisie is the company owning the TV station Hannibal TV.

Key facts

Business Form private

Legal Form S.A. corporation

Ownership

Individual Owner  Tarek Kedada 49%

 Noureddine Hachicha ?

 Hannibal TV Shareholders Arab Lions SARL ? Mongi Makni Habib Makni Imed Ghaïth (Tunisian businessmen)

Company  Tunisian State (Confiscated property) 10%

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Media Outlets

Hannibal TV

Other Media Outlets

Other Online Outlets  Hannibaltv.com.tn

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2004

Founder Larbi Nasra

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Contact Tel: +216 70 944 944

Tax/ ID Number B133402003 - Register of Commerce 842838Z Tax Number

Financial Information

Revenue (Financial Data/ Missing Data Optional)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Management

Executive Board Noureddine Hachicha (président du Conseil d'administration), Zouheir El Gumbri (Directeur général)

Further Information

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

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Sources Register of Commerce

Infojort.com

 Larbi Nasra

 Interview with Tarek Kedada

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Chaine Zitouna d'Information et Communication

"Zitouna d'information et de communication" is the company owning Zitouna TV and Zitouna Hidaya. The company was founed by Sami Essid and Oussama Ben Salem, before the latter sells his shares to the wife of Sami Essid.

Key facts

Mother Company 20

Business Form private

Legal Form limited liability partnership

Ownership

Individual Owner  Sami Essid 50%

 Rola Essid wife of Sami Essid, buys the shares of 50% Oussama Ben Salem

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Media Outlets

TV TV

Zitouna Hidaya TV Zitouna TV

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2012

Founder Oussama Ben Salem et Sami Essid

Affiliated Interests Founder Leading member of Ennahda, Oussama Ben Salem creates his TV station while his father, Moncef Ben Salem (former leader of Ennahda now deceased) was a minister of the Troika government.

Employees 50

Contact 2 rue des entrepreneurs , Charguia 2, Ariana  [email protected]

Tax/ ID Number B0395362014 - Register of Commerce 1308881G Tax Number

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Financial Information

Revenue (Financial Data/ Missing Data Optional)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Management

Non-Executive Board Oussama Ben Salem, founder

Further Information

Headlines  Zitouna TV

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Sources Interview with Lotfi Touati June 2016

Interview with the HAICA May 2016

Decisions on sanctions by HAICA published on their website haica.tn

 Interview of Sami Essid by Zitouna TV

 Oussama Ben Salem on the decision of the HAICA

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Établissement de la télévision tunisienne

Tunisian public institution created by President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali on 31 August 2007 and charged with the management of the national television after the establishment of the Tunisian radio and television broadcasting was split in two.

Key facts

Business Form public

Legal Form public institution

Ownership

Company  Tunisian State 100 %

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Media Outlets

TV TV

Al Watanya I Al Watanya II

Other Media Outlets

Other Online Outlets  http://www.watania1.tn

 http://www.watania2.tn

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2007

Founder Tunisian state

Affiliated Interests Founder Public institution founded on the initiative of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali

Employees 1235

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Contact Boulevard de la Ligue arabe Notre Dame Tel: +216 71 800 844  [email protected]

Financial Information

Revenue (Financial Data/ 22.44 Mio. $ / 49.017 Mio. TND (budget 2015) Optional)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) -10 Mio. $ / -22 Mio. TND (2015)

Advertising (in % of total 22% funding)

Management

Executive Board Presidency of the Government

Non-Executive Board HAICA (gives favourable opinon for the CEO), Assembly of People's Representatives (votes the budget)

Further Information

Headlines  https://fr.wikipedia.org/ wiki/%C3%89tablissement_de_la_t%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_tunisienne

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

Sources Interview with the Communication Officer of the Presidency of the Government

Interview with members of the HAICA

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Mail from the Presidency of the Government

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Al Karama Holding

Al Karama Holding, with a capital of 10 TND confiscated by the State after the revolution and under the supervision of the Ministry of Finance, manages over 50 companies through direct and indirect ownership.

Key facts

Business Form private (confiscated)

Legal Form S.A. corporation

Ownership

Company  Tunisian State (Confiscated property) 100 %

Facts

Media Business

Media Business Radiophonique Zitouna # Tunisia Broadcasting « Shems Fm » Dar Assabah

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Business

Business Radiophonique Zitouna # Tunisia Broadcasting « Shems Fm » Dar Assabah

International Business -

General Information

Founding Year -

Contact Rue du Lac d'Annecy Les Berges du Lac - 1053 - Tunisie Tel: + 216 71 161 100 Fax: + 216 71 960 711  www.alkaramaholding.com

Tax/ ID Number B0128702005- Register of Commerce 922165A - Tax Number

Financial Information

Revenue (Financial Data/ Missing Data Optional)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

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Radio Ibtissama FM

Radio Ibtissama Fm is the company managing the IFM radio station activities.

Ownership

Group  Groupe d'assurance la carte 51%

Individual Owner  Hamed Soyah 34%

 Sofiene Boussetta 15%

Media Outlets

Radio

IFM

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Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2011

Founder Hamed Soyah

Tax/ ID Number Commercial register: B2426842012 | Tax identification number: 1233928/S

Financial Information

Revenue (Financial Data/ Missing Data Optional)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Further Information

Passive Transparency upon request, ownership data is easily available from the company/channel

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Société Khaldouni Production

Khaldouni Production is the company managing the Sabra Fm radio station.

The company was founded in 2007 with a capital of 190 000 DT.

Key facts

Ownership

Company  SIDCO SICAR ?

Individual Owner  Sabra FM Shareholders ?

 Amor Naggazi ?

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Media Outlets

Radio

Sabra FM

Facts

Business

General Information

Founding Year 2007

Founder Amor Nagazi

Further Information

Data Unavailable ownership data is not publicly available, company/channel denies the release of information or does not respond, no public record exists

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Nessma Broadcast

Nessma Broadcast is a limited liability company specializing in the audiovisual communication service consisting of a TV channel.

Key facts

Business Sectors Media

Ownership

Individual Owner  Nebil Karoui 50%

 Silvio Berlusconi 25%

 Tarek Ben Ammar 24%

 Tarek Ben Ammar 1%

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Media Outlets

Nessma TV

Facts

Financial Information

Revenue (Financial Data/ Missing Data Optional)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Further Information

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

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Tunisia World Television

Key facts

Business Form Private

Legal Form SA

Business Sectors Radio and television activities

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2012

Founder Mohamed Issam Kheriji

Tax/ ID Number RC: B2452342012 / MF: 1239481H

Further Information

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

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V Production

V production is an audiovisual production company created by Moez Ben Gharbia and his relatives in October 2011. In 2015, the company becomes the owner of the new television channel Attessia TV. Meanwhile, shareholders have changed, leaving room for well-known personalities in the business world, and even politics.

Key facts

Business Form Private

Legal Form SA Corporation

Business Sectors Audiovisual production

Ownership

Individual Owner  Lotfi Charfeddine Liens avec la politique 49% Lotfi Charfeddine est le frère de Ridha Charfeddine, membre de Nidaa Tounes et député à l'Assemblée.

 Omar Jenayah 1%

Company  Olivier Invest Sicaf Appartient à la famille Jenayah 49%

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Media Outlets

Attessia TV

Other Media Outlets

Other Online Outlets  Official website of Attessia TV

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2012

Founder Moez Ben Gharbia

Employees 150

Contact Immeuble "SARRA" 2ème étage Boulevard Principal Les Berges du Lac 1053

Tax/ ID Number B0136002012 - 1233232Q

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Management

Executive Board Lotfi Charfeddine, Omar Jenayah Houssein Jenayah Béchir Jenayah Abdelhak Toumi Ines Jaafoura

Further Information

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

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FM3 Production

FM3 Production est la société qui exploite la chaîne de télévision Al Janoubia TV. Elle a été créée par Farhat Jouini et Rabii Baaboura, avant d’être revendue à l’homme d’affaires et homme politique tunisien Mohamed Ayachi Ajroudi, à travers la société CIF dont ses fils sont actionnaires.

La HAICA délivrera une licence de diffusion à cette société le 20 avril 2015.

Selon le procès verbal du conseil d’administration tenu le 17 mai 2017, la société FM3 Production propriétaire de la chaîne enregistrait un déficit cumulé de plus de 2 millions de dinars, dépassant 50% du capital de la société à la fin de l’exercice 2015. Il a cependant été décidé de poursuivre l’exploitation du média et de ne pas recourir aux crédits. Un financement personnel de la famille Ajroudi (provenant officiellement de Mehdi Ajroudi, le fils de Ayachi), est avancé afin de ne pas augmenter les charges financières qui pèsent sur Al Janoubia.

Key facts

Business Form Private

Legal Form SA Corporation

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Ownership

Individual Owner  Mohamed Ayachi Ajroudi Mohamed Ayachi Ajroudi est un homme 99% d’affaires ayant créé un parti politique en 2013. Il siège au conseil d’administration de FM3 production, société propriétaire d’Al Janoubia.

 Taoufik Baccar Taoufik Baccar est un ancien ministre puis 0.1% gouverneur de la banque centrale sous l’ancien régime de Ben Ali. Il a été limogé de son poste de gouverneur le 16 janvier 2011, au lendemain de la révolution. Il était également membre du comité central Rassemblement constitutionnel démocratique (RCD), le parti du président déchu, jusqu’à sa dissolution en 2011. Il siège au conseil d’administration de FM3 production, société propriétaire d’Al Janoubia.

Media Outlets

Al Janoubia TV

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Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2012

Founder Farhat Jouini et Rabii Baaboura

Contact Immeuble Cléopâtre 2ème étage Appartement A-2-5, Centre urbain nord, Tunis.

Tax/ ID Number B2489612011 - 1199854T

Financial Information

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) -792.210 $/ -2.428.681 Mio. TND

Management

Executive Board Taoufik Baccar, Mohamed Ayachi Ajroudi (représente ses fils Mehdi et Zakaria Ajroudi), Salah Chiha, Boubaker Bousbiaa (représente la société CIF), Khaled Baccar.

Further Information

Sources Infojort, Registre du commerce.

Données officielles de la HAICA.

 Tunisie: Liste des membres du comité central du rcd

 Ce que dit Taoufik Baccar dans son livre de Ben Ali, Mohamed Ghannouchi et Mustapha Kamel Nabli

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Addiwen de production audio visuelle

Addiwen de production audio-visuelle is the company managing the Diwan Fm radio station.

Key facts

Ownership

Individual Owner  Lotfi Abdennadher 31%

 Famille Jamoussi 28%

 Diwan FM Shareholders 41%

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Media Outlets

Radio

Diwan FM

Facts

Financial Information

Revenue (Financial Data/ Missing Data Optional)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Further Information

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

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Tunisian State

The Tunisian state owns several media companies. These include:

- The National Television (public institution)

- The National Radio (public institution)

- SNIPE (19% shareholder)

In addition, the state manages confiscated media (see "confiscated media").

Ownership

Company  Institution of the Tunisian Radio 100 %

 Établissement de la télévision tunisienne 100 %

 SNIPE 19%

 Tunisian State (Confiscated property) 100 %

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Tunisian State (Confiscated property)

After the revolution, the Tunisian government confiscated hundreds of companies owned by Ben Ali or his family. Among the confiscated companies, 16 (almost 3%) are companies related to the media: Zitouna FM (100%), Dar Assabah (79.62%), Shems FM (70%), Mosaique FM (13.27%) and Hannibal TV (10%). (See "confiscated Media")

Key facts

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Maghreb Media

Maghreb Médias Réalités is a limited liability company with a capital of 140.000 dinars. It was created by Taieb Zahar and his oncle Moncef Ben M'Rad, who left the company later.

Maghreb Médias publishes the weekly "Réalités". In addition, the company is shareholder in the Digital Media Company (businessnews) and Maghreb Média Digital (60%).

Key facts

Business Form private

Legal Form limited liability company

Ownership

Individual Owner  Taïeb Zahar 97%

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Other Media Outlets

Other Print Outlets Réalites Réalités is a weekly in French created in 1979.  Réalités

Other Online Outlets Réalités Online Réalités Online is the online version of the weekly Réalités. The website exists since 2015.  Réalités Online

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 1994

Tax/ ID Number Tax Number: 031197B

Financial Information

Revenue (Financial Data/ Missing Data Optional)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Further Information

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Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

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Nexus Sarl

Key facts

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Gaia Equity Limited

Gaia Equity Limited est la société de l'homme d'affaires saoudien d'origine palestinienne Tarek Kedada. Selon les dernières données disponibles, elle détiendrait 49% du capital d'AVIP Tunisie, société-mère de Hannibal TV.

Key facts

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Groupe d'assurance la carte

CARTE ASSURANCES was created in 1976 by the BNP Group and the DOGHRI Group, in partnership with MGF and la Préservatrice.

In 1986, Hassine DOGHRI, the current CEO of DOGHRI Group took control of CARTE ASSURANCES in partnership with the Mutuelles du Mans.

Today, after 40 years of experience, the Tunisian-European group is a key player in the Tunisian insurance market. In 2014, the group made a net profit of 8.516.049 Dinars.

The group owns 51% of the IFM radio through the shares of two SICARs, COTIF SICAR and COFITE SICAR.

Ownership

Company  Radio Ibtissama FM 51%

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Prima TV

Prima TV is an Italian company owned by Tarek Ben Ammar. It is controlled by the media holding, Quinta Communications, also owned by Tarek Ben Ammar.

Key facts

Business Sectors Media

Ownership

Individual Owner  Tarek Ben Ammar ?

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Mediaset Investment

Luxembourg company represented by Andrea Goretti. The Italian Mediaset media group is linked to Silvio Berlusconi.

Key facts

Mother Company Nessma Broadcast

Business Sectors Media

Ownership

Individual Owner  Silvio Berlusconi ?

Facts

Further Information

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

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Karoui & Karoui Mediacorp

Company under Tunisian law

Key facts

Mother Company Nessma Broadcast

Ownership

Individual Owner  Nebil Karoui ?

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Public institutions (SNIPE owners)

Tunisian Trade Office : 31,27%

Tunisian Press Agency (TAP) : 15,04%

Tunisian Company of Insurance and Reinsurance : 4,69%

Tunisian Petroleum Business company: 4,87%

National Oil Distribution Company : 4,87%

Tunisian Company of Refining Industries : 17,55%

El Bouniane Company: 0,20%

The National Tobacco and Matches Board : 0,07%

Staff of the SNIPE : 2,26%

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Examplecompany

Key facts

Mother Company 3

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El Hiwar Ettounsi TV SA

La société El Hiwar Ettounsi TV SA est une SA au capital de 2.280.000 dinars créée en 2012 et représentée par sa gérante Asma Ben Jmiaa épouse Fehri. La société a pour objet l’exploitation d’une chaîne de télévision.

Key facts

Legal Form SA Corporation

Ownership

Individual Owner  Asma Ben Jmiaa wife Fehri 99%

Media Outlets

El Hiwar El Tounsi

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Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2012

Founder Tahar Ben Hassine

Contact N°24, Rue 8612, Zone Industrielle Charguia l, Tunis

Tax/ ID Number 1229832F - B248072012

Financial Information

Revenue (Financial Data/ 1.340.029,79 Mio. $/ 4.002.870 Dinars Mio. TND (2017) Optional)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) -12.648.18 $/ -37.782 TND (2017)

Advertising (in % of total 100% (4.002.870 Mio. TND) funding)

Further Information

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Sources Infojort, Registre du commerce

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TUNISIA WORLD TELEVISION "TWT"

TWT est une société anonyme fondée en 2012 par Issam IKheriji pour gérer la chaîne télé Tunisia World Television. La société a été rachetée en 2014 par Lassâd Khedhr, un homme d'affaires tunisien. De 2014 jusqu'à 2017, TWT Cette Société a pour objet la production cinématographique, les servies liés aux médias et gère toutes les opérations commerciales, financières, mobilière et immobilières en lien avec la chaîne.

Key facts

Business Form Private

Legal Form S.A

Ownership

Individual Owner  Kais Mabrouk 90%

 Lassad Khedher 9%

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Media Outlets

Carthage +

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Olivier Invest Sicaf

Olivier Invest Sicaf est une société enregistrée au nom de Aïcha Driss Jenayah, la femme Othman Jenayah et mère de Omar Jenayah.

Key facts

Business Form Private

Legal Form SA Corporation

Business Sectors Financial intermediation

Ownership

Individual Owner  Aïcha Driss Jenayah ?

Facts

General Information

Founding Year 2014

Tax/ ID Number B91109322014 - 1351697F

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Despite Group of Companies

Despite Group of Companies (DGC) is one of the biggest media conglomerates in Ghana being present on two main platforms: radio and online media. Despite Group of Companies (DGC) is the umbrella for a number of companies, such as Despite Music Production Limited (Peace FM), Neat FM Company Limited (Neat FM, Hello FM), Paradise Vision Estate Limited (Okay FM), U2 Company Limited (UTV) and Despite Digital (Peacefmonline.com).

It also runs a number of non-media related companies (U2, Neat Foods, Best point Savings and Loans -Finance, Special Mineral water -Food & Beverages)

Osei Kwame is the founder and CEO of DGC. He is also a shareowner of U2 Company Limited, the company that manages UTV in Ghana. Osei Kwame also owns Neat Foods Company Limited which produces and markets NEAT Fufu, NEAT Banku, NEAT Abenkwan, NEAT Hausa Koko, NEAT Diary Products; and Atona Foods (Makers of This Way Chocolate Drink and This Way Motherlac and other products).

Despite Group of Companies started as Despite Stores that marketed and distributed audio cassettes across the country. The business grew over the years with setting up its nowadays popular radio stations – Peace FM.

The success of Peace FM set the pace for the opening of other radio stations under the group name Despite Group of Companies (DGC). Today the DGC operates three radio stations in Accra, one in the Ashanti region and dozens of affiliates across the length and breadth of the country.

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Key facts

Business Form Private

Legal Form Limited Liability Company

Business Sectors Despite Group of Companies is registered at the Registrar General's Department to operate businesses in media, food & beverages, farming, building construction.

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Ownership

Individual Owner  Osei Kwame Osei Kwame is an entrepreneur with a 100 % chain of media outlets in the name of Despite Group of Companies. He also owns 50% shares in Despite Group's daughter company - U2 Company Limited, which runs UTV. He also operates companies in the food business.

Other Media Outlets

Other TV Outlets UTV

Other Radio Outlets Peace FM - Frequency (MHz) 104.3

Okay FM - Frequency (MHz) 101.7

Neat FM - Frequency (MHz) 100.9

Hello FM - Frequency (MHz) 101.5

Other Online Outlets

Facts

Media Business

Music Production Despite Music Production Limited

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Television & radio Neat FM Company Limited broadcasting

U2 Company Limited

Online Content Production Despite Digital Limited

Business

Finance Special Investment Company Limited

Best Point Saving and Loans

Food & Beverages Atona food production

Neat Foods Company Limited

NEAT Fufu

NEAT Banku

NEAT Abenkwan

NEAT Hausa Koko

NEAT Diary Products

U2 Salt Limited

Special Ice Company Limited

General Information

Founding Year 1997

Founder Osei Kwame

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Affiliated Interests Founder Osei Kwame presently has other business interests including Neat and Atona food processing companies, distributors of range of staple food products and diary food products on the Ghanaian market. He also serves as a member of the Board of Directors of Best Point Savings and Loans Limited, a wholly Ghanaian owned savings and loans company.

Employees Missing Data

Contact Despite Group of Companies;P.O. Box K 81, Kumasi

Tax/ ID Number C-74,775

Financial Information

Revenue (Financial Data/ Missing Data Optional)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Management

Executive Board Fadda Dickson - is one of the Directors of Despite Group Limited. Fadda also doubles as the Director of Administration & Finance at the media cumpany

Kwasi Brenya - a former General Manager of the conpany. Though deceased, remains one of the Directors of the company

Non-Executive Board Missing Data

Supervisory Board Missing Data

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Other Influential People Kwame Sefa-Kayi - is the host of the morning show on Peace FM, one of the media outlets run by the company. He is one of the most decorated journalists in the country having won the Radio and Television Personlity award on four consecutive occassions.

Further Information

Headlines  Kojo Agyemang (2016). NDC MP Aspirant sues Peace FM over ‘skirt and blouse’ claima. Accessed on 27 June 2017.

 Ameyaw Debrah (2014). Kwami Sefa Kayi tops Radio and TV Personality Awards for fourth year running. Accessed on 27 June 2017.

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Meta Data Company information on shareholding based on data from the Registerer Generals Department.

Sources  Small Businesses Ghana (2016). The Success Story of Osei Kwame Despite – Despite Group of Companies. Accessed 28 June 2017.

 Billings Tanna (2016). Jobberman Ghana Personality Profile (24): Osei Kwame Despite. Accessed 28 June 2017.

 Best Point (n.d.). Best Point Team Members. Accessed 28 June 2017.

 Zionfelix.net (2016). Meet Despite's first son who’s now managing Despite Group of Companies. Accessed 28 June 2017.

Registrar General’s Department. Date of Registration 1997-05-15. Despite Company Limited – C-74,775. Accessed in May 2017.

Registrar General’s Department. Date of Registration 1995-10-25. Despite Music Productions - BNC- 45 2188. Accessed in May 2017.

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U2 Company Limited

U2 Company Limited’s range of businesses includes Media Production – but also Real Estate Development, Mining of Salt, Allied Products, Stone Quarry, Fertilizer Production, Food Processing, Cable and Wire Manufacturing.

U2 Company Limited operates in the broadcasting sector. It manages UTV Ghana, Ghana’s third most popular local television channels. The company ultimately belongs to the Despite Groups of Companies, which again runs a number of popular TV, radio and online outlets.

U2 Company Limited is a joint ownership between Osei Kwame and Ernest Sarpong. Osei Kwame holds other business interests in the food and beverage industry. He is the CEO of Despite Group of Companies, it runs a range of radio stations in the country including Peace FM and Okay FM. Ernest Ofori Sarpong on the other hand runs other businesses including the production of mineral water. Osei Kwame and Ernest Ofori Sarpong together serve on the Best Point Savings and Loans Company with the former being a board member and the latter the chairman of the board. Apart from that, little is known publicly about the extent of non-media businesses that those two own.

The company since its establishment has not seen any transfer of ownership, mergers or total acquisitions.

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Key facts

Mother Company Despite Group of Companies

Business Form Private

Legal Form Limited Liability Company

Business Sectors Broadcasting, Food & Beverages.

Ownership

Individual Owner  Osei Kwame Kwame is an entrepreneur with a chain of 50% media outlets in the name of Despite Group of Companies and through a daughter company, U2 Company Limited. He also operates companies in the food business.

 Ernest Ofori Sarpong Ernest Sarpong is a business man and an 50% entrepreneur. He first formed the SARPONG VENTURES LTD, an import and trading business, and later the Special Investments Ltd, a real estate and construction business. Ernest,owns U2 Salt Ltd. salt mining company, United Television (UTV Ltd), a television station and Best Point Savings and Loans Co. Ltd, a savings and Loans Company.

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Other Media Outlets

Other TV Outlets UTV

Other Radio Outlets Peace FM - Frequency (MHz) 104.3

Okay FM - Frequency (MHz) 101.7

Hello FM - Frequency (MHz) 101.5

Other Online Outlets PeaceFMOnline.com

Facts

Media Business

Music Production Despite Music Production Limited

Television & radio Neat FM Company Limited broadcasting

U2 Company Limited

Online Content Production Despite Digital Limited

Business

Finance Special Investment Company Limited

Best Point Saving and Loans

Food & Beverages Atona food production

Neat Foods Company Limited

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NEAT Fufu

NEAT Banku

NEAT Abenkwan

NEAT Hausa Koko

NEAT Diary Products

U2 Salt Limited

Special Ice Company Limited

General Information

Founding Year 2015

Founder Osei Kwame #Ernest Ofori Sarpong

Affiliated Interests Founder Osei Kwame and Ernest Ofori Sarpong are entrepreneurs with business interest in the banking, mining and food processing sectors

Employees Missing Data

Contact U2 Company Ltd.P.O.Box 17470, Accra

Tax/ ID Number CS513722014

Financial Information

Revenue (Financial Data/ Missing Data Optional)

Operating Profit (in Mill. $) Missing Data

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Advertising (in % of total Missing Data funding)

Management

Executive Board Dr. Osei Kwame - Director

Ernest Ofori Sarpong - Director

Non-Executive Board Missing Data

Supervisory Board Missing Data

Further Information

Data Publicly Available ownership data is easily available from other sources, e. g. public registries etc.

Meta Data Company information on shareholding based on data from the Registrar General's Department.

Sources  Vivian Kai Lokko (2015). UTV most watched TV station in Ghana – Report. Accessed 16 June 2017

 Facebook Inc. (2017). UTV’s Facebook page. Accessed 16 June 2017

 Ghana Trade - Ministry of Trade & Inspire Nature Advertising (2017). Special Ice Company Limited. Accessed 16 June 2017

 Ghana Web (2016). Top 7 media programmes & platforms influencing 2016 polls. Accessed on 22 June 2017

Registrar General's Department. Date of Registration 2011-09-08. United Television – SN009892015. Accessed in May 2017. Available upon request.

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Registrar General's Department. Date of Registration 2014-10-28. U2 Company Limited – CS513722014. Accessed in May 2017. Available upon request.

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Key facts

Mother Company 1

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Context

The Tunisian media do not exist in a vacuum, but are dependent on the political, legal and social context of Tunisia. Media diversity in Tunisia evolved in line with the historical and political changes since the revolution. It equally depends on the legal framework which can promote freedom of press or censor independent media as well as the economic situation, as advertising remains one of the key financing tools for most media. Finally, the characteristics of society (i.e. literacy rates and consumption habits) determine which media or media types dominate the sector, and thus have the strongest influence on public opinion.

History Society Politics

How has the media sector evolved Which societal conditions In which kind of political system is throughout history? Which influence the consumption of the sector active? How are public political changes impacted the media in Tunisia? How are authorities governing the media? sector? more journalists treated? more more

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Economy Media Consumption Law

How are media financed? Which is What type of media is most How has the legal framework the media sector attracting most consumed by Tunisians? Which changed since the revolution? Is investment? more media is important for news? freedom of press guaranteed? more more

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History

A censored Media Landscape during the Ben Ali regime

The Ben Ali dictatorship was a very difficult time for the media. These were suppressed and censored: no opposition TV or radio station was allowed, the regime monopolized the media space. All were forced to relay propaganda imposed by Ben Ali, for example to put his photos on the front page.

Relatives of the regime ran all public stations. From the 2000s, private TV and radio stations were allowed, but they were also controlled by family members of Ben Ali or people close to the regime. In addition, the editorial content was systematically controlled by the government, through the Ministry of Interior, the Ministry of Communication, or the Tunisian External Communication Agency (ATCE) which was a tool of propaganda, disinformation and repression during the dictatorship of Ben Ali. The ATCE used the distribution of public advertising to support or punish certain media. After the Revolution, the Ministry of Communication and ATCE were dissolved.

Media diversification since the revolution

The 2011 Revolution, which brought the departure of Ben Ali on 14 January 2011, was a turning point for the country. Free elections were held and a new constitution was adopted on 26 January 2014. Public media are no longer considered a relay of state propaganda, despite certain shortcomings. These changes enabled a new freedom for the media and a new legal and institutional framework. In 2011, the very repressive Press Code of 1975 was repealed in order to enact three new decree laws (No. 41, 115 and 116), promoting freedom of press, the creation a new regulatory body - the Independent High Authority for Audio-visual Communication (HAICA).

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A still fragile liberty

Tunisia is thus in a process of opening up the media landscape, seeking to develop more independent and diverse media. These changes have increased freedom of the press in the country: attacks against journalists decreased, and Tunisia gained 38 places in the World Press Freedom Index of Reporters Without Borders since 2011. However, this new freedom is still threatened and several challenges continue to exist. On 17 October 2012, the National Union of Tunisian Journalists (SNJT) called for a general strike of journalists to "defend freedom of the press and of expression," and to request the application of the decrees 115 and 116. They also criticized the considered arbitrary appointment by government of new people to the management of public media.

Sources

L. Chouikha (2013), La difficile entreprise de réformer les médias en Tunisie Groupe des partenaires techniques et financiers en appui au secteur des médias tunisiens (2012), État des lieux des médias tunisiens après la révolution du 14 janvier 2011 et les élections du 23 octobre 2011 Le Monde (2012), Le pouvoir tunisien cède à une revendication des journalistes en grève INRIC (2012), Instance Nationale pour la Réforme de l’Information & de la Communication: Rapport Général UNESCO (2012), Assessment of Media Development in Tunisia

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Society

Journalistic culture

Despite the revolutionary transition, media are not fully transparent yet and still do not enjoy the best image in society. Illiteracy, lack of trust and the treatment of journalists by the authorities are all criteria that affect access to and image of media.

Illiteracy

The illiteracy rate is still high with an average of 18.8%. Among women, it reaches 25%. This rate also varies by region and is higher in rural areas. Illiteracy is a barrier to access certain media outlets, particularly newspapers and online media.

Defamation and lack of trust

The revolution has brought some changes in terms of media diversity, but the propaganda system of the old regime has not vanished completely. The clientalist policy of the Ben Ali regime in the recruitment and education of journalists, the repression and censorship of independent journalists created a lack of professionalism among an important part of journalists. The only public institution to award a journalism degree is still the Institute of Press and Information Sciences, which was tightly controlled by the regime and lowered the level of journalism in Tunisia.

Some associations and unions seek to improve this lack of professional standards and ethics by encouraging

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vocational training courses. In 2011, the SNJT (National Union of Tunisian Journalists) in collaboration with other associations created a media analysis and monitoring tool.

While there is little media awareness among citizens, the lack of trust in media is significant. 80% of Tunisians believe that sources of personal information are more important than mediated information via radio, net or press. Only the TV has a more positive image. (See media consumption)

Content monitoring by HAICA

The HAICA started to analyse media content. It has analysed for example the distribution of television appearances by category (civil society, experts, politicians). MPs are those who have the most visibility on television.

The HAICA also analysed the presence of women in the political debate. Their interventions account only for 11% of total speaking time, regardless of the category to which they belong to, against 89% for men. This rate varies according to the topic: women are even less present in debates about the economy or the country's politics. Their speaking time does not exceed 8% when the debate focuses on security and terrorism, which is currently the most debated topic. This type of subject monopolizes the televised debate to the detriment of local and regional subjects.

The HAICA also monitors media debate during the election, to see if some political parties are favoured (see Political affiliations).

The treatment of journalists by authorities

Even if the attacks against journalists have decreased since 2012, there are still peaks of violence, particularly during certain events. The anti-terrorism discourse has an impact on the work of journalists, who are under pressure to disseminate certain kind of information on terrorism. After an attack on Mount Châambi, the Radio Nour and TV station Al Insen, considered extremists, were banned in 2014 (see politics).

Sources

M. Ben Hamadi (2014), Tunisie - Fermeture de médias: Mensonges et abus de pouvoir du gouvernement Jomâa?, Huffpost Maghreb HAICA (2015), Présence des femmes dans le débat public télévisé tunisien Huffpost (2015), La Tunisie découvre la difficulté d'informer face à la menace terroriste INRIC (2012), Instance Nationale pour la Réforme de l’Information & de la Communication: Rapport Général Institut National de la Statistique (2014), Recensement Général de la Population et de l'Habitat de 2014

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Politics and Media

Before the revolution, the regime used media mainly as a propaganda tool. Until the 2000s, the state had a monopoly on broadcast media and controlled the information provided by the TAP news agency. The few private TV and radio stations that were authorized since 2003 belonged to members of the Ben Ali clan or businessmen close to the government. The print sector was relatively diversified, with some titles belonging to opposition parties or published by family businesses.

The Ministry of Information and the Tunisian External Communication Agency (ATCE) decided on who could enter in and survive on the media market: they issued the licenses, while backing the political interests of the regime and kept media organizations in a financial dependency through distribution networks or public funding in form of advertising and subscriptions. More subtle, they exerted pressure on journalists and censored online media that was too critical of the government in power. At that time, journalists were also imprisoned, tortured or intimidated.

Positive changes since the revolution

Since the end of the Ben Ali regime, the media landscape has diversified and freedom of expression got a boost. The Ministry of Information and ATCE were quickly dissolved and the Tunisian Internet Agency has stopped censoring the media.

The interim government and the bodies established to lead the democratic transition (such as INRIC) rapidly developed three legal texts concerning media pluralism and freedom of press, regulation of audio-visual media and access to information (decree Laws 115 and 116 issued November 2, 2011 and Decree-law 41/2011 on access to documents held by public bodies). In January 2014, the new Constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly, which consolidated these principles. Further commitment was shown when HAICA was established as a regulatory body as well as when the law on access to information was recently passed by Parliament.

Public authorities and the media

The HAICA is a regulatory body independent of the government, even if its chairman is appointed by the head of state and two of its members by the President of the Parliament (Decree Law 116/2011). The agency is responsible for regulation of the audio-visual media sector by granting licenses for television and radio station and punishing those who violate the regulations.

The state is the owner of the Tunisian Television, the Tunisian Radio, the publishing house SNIPE and the news agency TAP. The Presidency of the Government appoints the CEOs of these institutions, in the case of the public television and radio stations in consultation with the HAICA. The state also holds shares in several confiscated media as they belonged to relatives of Ben Ali. The state is thus, the majority shareholder of media like Zitouna FM, Dar Assabah and Shems FM, appoints their CEOs and manages them.

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Partisan appointments of managing directors of these media outlets had been a problem - especially during the Troika, which was the first government led by the Ennahda party after the 2011 elections. A crisis erupted at Dar Assabah after Hamadi Jebali, back then head of government, appointed Lotfi Touati as the head of the publishing house. Touati was accused of supporting the Islamist party. He was sacked at the end of this crisis. He is currently editor-in-chief of Zitouna TV, which is supposedly linked to Ennahda and founded by a party official. Troika supporters conducted several smear campaigns against the public media, deemed to hostile to the new power. The possibility of privatizing the national television was raised in the discussion.

Still existing pressures

Even though freedom of speech got a boost since the fall of the old regime, journalists and media are not completely free from pressure or intimidation by the government or politicians:

Under the pretext to fight terrorism, legislative and executive powers have attempted to restrict press freedom, for example via bills that banned to criticise or question military or security representatives. Following the attack on the bus of the presidential guard in November 2015, many cases of violence by security forces against journalists were observed.

While cases of direct censorship from the government are rare, journalists may be victim of the pressure of media owners with political affiliations.

Strong linkages between media and political parties

As the most popular media sector, TV attracts politicians most. Several television channels close to the Islamists emerged after the revolution, rebalancing in some ways a media landscape they considered hostile. Election coverage showed that media outlets tend to favour certain political parties, indicating a politically oriented editorial policy. (see Political affiliations)

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The media market

Since the Revolution and new freedom of expression, media has diversified and multiplied. However, funding is needed to consolidate this diversification and allow the new actors to keep participating in the market.

The media sector is struggling today. Most companies follow a single economic model that is based on advertising. TV, radio and websites are confronted with a small advertising market, which hinders their development. Many post-revolution newspapers have even disappeared for lack of funding. On the other hand, some businessmen or politicians have the financial resources to manage to enter the media market by founding and funding their own TV channels (Al Janoubia, Zitouna TV) or websites (Tunigate).

DetailThere is awareness of the financial constraints of the media market - a special business sector that not only needs to be profitable but also to generate public goods such as objective and independent news. The HAICA set up a support fund for community radio stations and INRIC had called for a promotion fund for private television production to encourage cultural and social programs.

Advertising investment

Advertising is the main financial resource, with the biggest share of the advertising market going to TV, radio, print and finally online media. The estimated total market is about 200 million dinars in 2015. This figure, however, does not take into account reductions through annual subscriptions, for example. The main investors are mobile operators (Tunisie Telecom, Ooredoo, Orange) or food production companies (Danone).

The media sector faces many economic challenges: First, the advertising investment depends on audience figures, which are highly contested (see audience measurement). Furthermore, competition among different media, including TV channels, which account for a large share of the market, lowers the price per minute. At the same time, because of the economic crisis, companies reduce their communication budget and invest less in advertising campaigns.

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Public funding

Public funding is important for the print sector. This funding includes not only public advertising, but mostly subscriptions and buying newspapers by public institutions. The cancellation of public subscription after the revolution brought a big financial loss for several newspapers. Currently, Circular No. 2016-8 of 8 April 2016 on the organization of the purchase of newspapers and periodicals by public structures intends to support the sector in increasing purchase quotas for newspapers.

Financial transparency

The HAICA elaborated regulations on financial transparency in the specifications for media outlets. For example, the license holder must disclose publicly the company's capital and the annual balance sheet. However, the majority of Tunisian media do not comply with this procedure, and few (including the public media) agree to provide their figures upon request.

Centralisation of the market

The media market is highly centralized in Tunis. The important publishing houses and TV companies are mostly registered in Tunis and Ariana. The radio market is more regionalized with many regional radios, public, private and community ones.

Sources

INRIC (2011), Recommandation relative à l’attribution de licences pour la création de nouvelles chaines de télévision SIGMA Conseil (2016), Investissement Publicitaire

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Media consumption in Tunisia

Audio-visual media as most popular

TV is the most popular media sector with 98% of households owning a television, 83% use it to follow the news and 61% of the population considers that information broadcasted there is reliable. The programs are mostly in Arabic - only 34% of Tunisians also watch French-language television.

Radio is the second most important media, with 67% of households owning a radio and as many Tunisians follow the news through this media. In addition, 27% of Tunisians listen to the radio via internet. Most (91%) listen to the radio in Arabic, only 10% in French. 55% of the population considers that the information broadcasted is reliable.

The written press in decline

The written press is the least consulted media. After the 2011 Revolution, new newspapers were created, reaching a peak of 228 periodicals. But many titles have disappeared since them. According to estimates, about 50 newspapers exist today, and some 100,000 copies are sold per day. Only 38% of Tunisians consider that the information disseminated in the press is reliable and 76% of readers read newspapers in Arabic.

The illiteracy rate in Tunisia is also a factor to consider, that accounts to 18.8% according to the National Statistics Institute. It is even higher for women and in rural areas. This limits access to certain media, in particular to newspapers and online media.

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Tunisians are increasingly connected

With an average of 29 hours per week, Tunisians spend more time surfing the net than watching television (26h), listening to the radio (15h) or reading the newspaper (3h). However, in terms of source of information, the internet is less important than the television and the radio, but more important than the written press. In 2016, 46% of Tunisians are using the internet, in contrast to only 13% in 2006. The country has a relatively developed infrastructure, with a mobile data penetration rate at 63.7% in February 2016, although only 16.2% have a broadband connection at home.

In addition to a constantly increasing internet penetration, the rise of social networks has enabled online media to increase their visibility. Thus, for the sites studied, on average 30% (Alexa estimations) of the traffic is generated by Facebook which is used by 34% of the Tunisians, thus a vast majority of internet users.

Sources  Northwestern University in Qatar (2015), Media Use in the Middle East 2015

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Legal framework

Freedom of press void of its meaning during the Ben Ali regime

Article 8 of the Tunisian Constitution of 1 June 1959 recognised and guaranteed freedom of press, of speech and of publishing. However, draconian laws and administrative practices overruled these constitutional freedoms and emptied them of their substance. The Press Code, promulgated by Act No. 75-32 of 28 April 1975, fits into this logic. Half of its articles have a repressive character.

For several decades, until the 2000s, the state held the monopoly in the audio-visual sector, owning the public television and radio stations. Unlike the print sector that was relatively more diverse, the audio-visual sector was not regulated by any specific legislation.

A new legislative framework since 14 January 2011

The media landscape underwent profound changes following the abolition of all control mechanisms after 14 January 2011 and the fall of the old regime.

In this context of liberation of expression, Tunisia adopted important legal texts:

Decree Law No. 2011-115 of 2 November 2011 on freedom of the press, printing and publishing. Decree Law No. 2011-116 of 2 November 2011, on the freedom of audio-visual communication and the creation of the Independent High Authority for Audio-Visual Communication (HAICA).

These two legal texts were prepared by the transition government before the elections of 23 October 2011.

The new Tunisian Constitution adopted on 26 January 2014 recognized freedom of opinion, of thought, of speech, of press, of publishing and of printing in its Article 31, which prohibits the subjection of these freedoms to any prior control.

The Independent High Authority for Audio-Visual Communication (HAICA) contributed to the regulation of the audio-visual sector through the enactment on March 5, 2014, of four specifications relating to the conditions for obtaining licenses for private and community radio stations and television channels.

A still fragile legal framework

The application of this new legislation depends sometimes on the government in power and the means put in place. Thus, some TV channels whose license has been refused or who are still in the process of clarifying their status continue to broadcast while the government banned others in the name of the fight against terrorism without notifying the regulatory authority.

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In addition, the Penal Code (as for example Article 245 on defamation) or the Telecommunications Code are still referred to for offenses by the press, which are however governed by Decree Law 115. The criminal law still contains rather repressive provisions for the press.

Access to information, a remarkable legislative progress

The legal framework in relation to media and transparency was reinforced since January 14, 2011 with Decree Law No. 41 of 26 May 2011 regarding access to administrative documents. Despite the progress this decree law presents, it lacked effectiveness and efficiency in practice given the bureaucratic bottlenecks inherent in the Tunisian public administration, but also because of the wide range of exceptions to the right to access documents that the decree law provided for. It was replaced by Organic Law No 22 of 24 March 2016 on the right of access to information. The new law guarantees the right to access information in contrast to Decree No 41-2011 that provided access to administrative documents of public bodies only. The adoption of this law, which contains limited exceptions in compliance with Article 32 of the Constitution, was considered a victory after a long battle between civil society organizations, the government and Parliament.

Free internet, until when?

In the internet sector, the legislative framework has difficulties to follow the information and communication boom following the end of police control over the Tunisian web after 14 January 2011.

Some measures, such as the creation of a Technical Telecommunication Agency (ATT) in November 2013, are designed to protect the Tunisian cyberspace. But no legislation on the fight against cybercrime has been adopted despite the drafting of several bills regarding the issue, often disapproved by cyber activists and a large part of civil society who reject the draconian measures and invasion of privacy rights.

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A press awaiting self-regulation

Like many countries with a democratic tendency, no regulatory authority is foreseen for the print sector. Since the adoption of Decree Law 2011-115, a simple declaration to the District Court is sufficient to publish periodicals, which no longer require prior authorization. The Federation of Newspaper Directors and the Union of Journalists, however, work on the establishment of a self-regulatory body, a "Press Council". This body could be consulted for the distribution of public advertising, or on granting cards for professional journalists or to provide an opinion or serve as an Ombudsman Office in cases of disputes or defamation.

 Media Regulation

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Media pluralism in Tunisia Indicators of risk to media pluralism

Is the Tunisian media landscape concentrated and if yes, how strongly? How well does the current law safeguard media pluralism? What are the greatest risks to a diverse media coverage that includes all voices, all viewpoints, including criticism of people in power? These ten indicators shed some light on the risks that independent media faces and could put media pluralism in Tunisia in jeopardy.

Regulatory Safeguards: Media Audience Con- Media Market Concen- Cross-media Ownership Media Ownership Con- centration tration Concentration centration HIGH NO DATA LOW LOW

(Political) Control Over Regulatory Safeguards: Regulatory Safeguards: Ownership Transparen- Media Outlets and Dis- Cross-media Ownership Ownership Transparen- cy tribution Networks Concentration cy LOW TO LOW MEDIUM MEDIUM MEDIUM

(Political) Control Over (Political) Control Over News Agencies Media Funding MEDIUM TO MEDIUM HIGH

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Transparency Media Regulation Concentration

Are media owners obliged to Does the law control ownership Are the Tunisian media dominated disclose who they are? How concentration? Does it forbid by few? Who is the actor owning transparent are most media in party leaders to own a TV station? most media outlets? more reality, do they publish their more shareholders and finances? more

Affiliations

What are the interests of media owners? Do they belong to a political party? more

Audience data

Who measures audience data in Tunisia? Are these numbers reliable? more

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Confiscated media

What happened to the media belonging to Ben Ali and his family? What is the future of these media? more

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Indicators of Risks to Media Pluralism

Regulatory ?Safeguards: Media Audience Con- Media Market Concen- Cross-Media Ownership Media Ownership Con- centration tration Concentration centration HIGH NO DATA LOW LOW

(Political) Control Over (Political) Control Over News Agencies Media Funding MEDIUM TO MEDIUM HIGH

Media Audience Concentration

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Given the lack of reliable audience data, this indicator could not be calculated. Yet audience data is essential for assessing media concentration and ensuring media diversity. Therefore, in accordance with the MOM methodology, the risk of audience concentration is assessed as "high".

Media Market Concentration

Result: No data This indicator aims to assess the horizontal concentration of ownership within the media sector. Concentration is measured by using the Top 4 concentration measure. Why? There is no comprehensive or reliable data on the media market in Tunisia and only few media outlets provided information on their revenue. Therefore, this indicator cannot be calculated. However, it should be noted that most media rely on different funding sources.

Low Medium High

Media market concentration in television (horizontal): This indicator aims to assess the concentration of ownership within the TV media sector.

If within one country the major If within one country the major 4 If within one country the major 4 owners (Top4) have a market owners (Top4) have a market share 4 owners (Top4) have a market share below 25%. between 25% and 49%. share above 50%.

The same questions apply to the radio, print and online sector.

Regulatory Safeguards: Media Ownership Concentration

Result: Low Risk This indicator assesses the existence and effective implementation of regulatory safeguards (sector-specific and/ or competition law) against a high horizontal concentration ownership and/or control in the different media.

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Tabele summarizes TV/ Description Yes No MD NA Radio/Print/Internet

Does the media legislation This question aims to assess the existence X contain specific thresholds or of regulatory safeguards (sector-specific) limits, based on objective against a high horizontal concentration of criteria (e.g. number of ownership and/or control in the specific licenses, audience share, sector. circulation, distribution of share capital or voting rights, turnover/revenue) to prevent a high level of horizontal of ownership and/or control in this sector?

Is there an administrative This variable aims to assess if the law/ X authority or judicial body regulation provides a due monitoring and actively monitoring sanctioning system for the regulation on compliance with the audiovisual media concentration. thresholds in the audiovisual sector and/or hearing complaints? (e.g. media and/or competition authority)?

Does the law grant this body This variable aims at assessing if X sanctioning/enforcement the law is providing a due system powers in order to impose proportionate remedies of sanctions to sector-specific (behavioural and/or structural) regulation, such as: refusal of in case of non-respect of the additional licences; blocking of thresholds? merger or acquisition; obligation to allocate windows for third party programming; obligation to give up licences/ activities in other media sectors; divesture.

Are these sanctioning/ This indicator aims to assess the effective X enforcement powers implementation of sector-specific remedies effectively used? against a high horizontal concentration of ownership and/or control in the television media.

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Total 3/4

The same answers apply to the question of media mergers.  Regulation Horizontal Concentration

Cross-Media Ownership Concentration

Given the lack of reliable audience data, this indicator can not be calculated. However, the qualitative research shows that there is a low cross-media ownership. The press, radio and television sector are held by different owners. The most visited online media are however, mainly the online version of or have a direct link with traditional media (radio, print, TV). This is therefore a form of cross-media ownership concentration. Indirectly, this is also the case for Business News, a pure player, in part owned by the company Maghreb Media which publishes newspapers such as the weekly Réalités. The only player with a strong cross-media ownership is the Tunisian government, which owns a publishing house, the national television and radio institutions and media confiscated in all sectors. If these media will be sold or not, will determine the future role of the state in the management of some Tunisian media as well as diversity or concentration of the sector. Finally, there are cases of vertical concentration, such as Nessma TV which recently launched its own mobile network operator, Nessma Mobile, in cooperation with Ooredoo and Karoui & Karoui (advertising agency) or the Cooperative “Distribution”, a print distribution company owned by several publishing houses. Sources:  Leaders (2016), Lancement de Nessma Mobile

Regulatory Safeguards: Cross-media Ownership Concentration

Tunisian law does not recognize cross-media ownership as a specific legal status. Several rules on cross-media ownership can however be deferred from other laws. Cross-media ownership concentration could be based on two criteria: on the number of licenses or on shares in a media company. · Number of licenses: one person (natural or legal) can only obtain one licence for a TV channel and one for a radio station at the same time. This same person may also have two newspapers of the same kind (see indicator 3). The person may also hold online media (press, radio or television) as long as there is no explicit prohibition. The combination of all these licenses is possible under Tunisian law. · Ownership (shares) of a media: one person may be a shareholder or partner in several media companies. In the audio-visual sector, if a person already holds shares of another media, greater than or equal to 26% in a limited liability company or greater than or equal to 34% in S.A. cooperation, he may not own more than 5% shares of a company which manages a radio or television station. In the print sector, a person cannot hold or control several companies whose joint publication of general political periodicals exceeds 30% of the total circulation of this category of periodicals. Shares in the audio-visual and the print sector can be held at the

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same time, as long as the specific above mentioned thresholds are respected. The regulatory authorities that control concentration for each type of media are also competent in the case of cross-media concentration, namely the HAICA, the Ministry of Trade and the Competition Council. The same prerogatives are applicable in cases of cross-media ownership. The regulations in force in the media sector, on the financial sector as well as on competition allow in theory to prevent any sort of concentration. The regulation and competition authorities never had to deal with a cross-media ownership concentration issue. There is no case law yet.

Cross-Media Ownership Description Yes No MD NA

Does the media legislation contain This question aims to assess the X specific thresholds or limits, based existence of regulatory safeguards on objective criteria (e.g. number (sector-specific) against a high degree of licenses, audience share, of cross-ownership in different media circulation, distribution of share sectors. capital or voting rights, turnover/ revenue) to prevent a high degree of cross-ownership between the different media ?

Is there an administrative authority This variable aims to assess if the law/ X or judicial body actively monitoring regulation provides a due monitoring compliance with the thresholds in and sanctioning system for the the audiovisual sector and/or regulation on cross-media hearing complaints? (e.g. media concentration. and/or competition authority)?

Does the law grant this body This variable aims at assessing if the X sanctioning/enforcement powers law is providing a due system of in order to impose proportionate sanctions to cross-media remedies (behavioural and/or concentration, such as: refusal of structural) in case of non-respect additional licences; blocking of merger of the thresholds? or acquisition; obligation to allocate windows for third party programming; obligation to give up licences/ activities in other media sectors; divesture.

Are these sanctioning/ This indicator aims to assess the X enforcement powers effectively effective implementation of the used? regulation.

The same answers apply to the questions on preventing cross-media ownership concentration through merger regulation.

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Ownership Transparency

Most information about the media owners of the media outlets studied are not directly accessible to the public. The website Business News stands out from this opacity in providing the names of the principal shareholders (individuals or companies) that own the company "Digital Media Company", on their website. Most information on media owners is however available on the commercial register (for a fee) or published in the legal notices of the Official Journal of the Republic of Tunisia (JORT). The announcements since 2006 are directly accessible on the site infojort.com. Some changes to the management or the distribution of shares, however, are not made public; either because of a malfunction of the District Court that registers these amendments or as a lack of compliance with the legal requirements by the media owners themselves. The political affiliations of media owners or of their editorial line are not clearly published, however some owners or media leaders do not hide their orientation or political ambitions. In the audiovisual sector, they are forced by the regulator (HAICA) to respect the ban to combine responsibilities in a political party with the ownership of a media. This is particularly the example of Zitouna TV, whose founder affiliated with Ennahda has sold his shares or with Nebil Karoui who resigned as CEO of Nessma TV after joining a decision-making body of the party Nidaa Tounes.

Low Medium High

How would you assess the transparency and accessibility of data about the media ownership?

Data on media Data of media owners and their Data on political affiliation of media owners as well as political affiliations are disclosed owners are not easily accessible by the their political based on investigations of journalists public and investigative journalists or affiliations is and media activists or upon request activists are not successful in disclosing publicly available (Passive Transparency /Data Publicly these data (Data Unavailable / Active (Active Available) (>50% of sample) Disguise) (<50% of sample) Transparency) (>75% of sample)

Regulatory Safeguards: Ownership Transparency

All changes concerning the social capital, shareholders, status or structure of the company managing the media outlet must be published in the Official journal (JORT) and in the Registry of Commerce. The information published should be accessible to the public. These changes also need to be communicated to the concerned regulatory authority. The media owned by SA corporations are required to publish summaries of their annual financial statements in the newspapers. They are also required to submit two copies of their financial statements and the list of shareholders to the Registry of Commerce. After closing the financial year, all accounting data must be reported to the tax authorities. Non-respect of the obligation to publish these changes and the failure to communicate them to the competent

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authorities are liable to various sanctions by the concerned authority. The penalties differ depending on the case (nullifying the changes, the changes are not enforceable towards a third party, fines). In reality, even the public authorities concerned (eg the Registry of Commerce) find it difficult to gather all information to identify the owner of each media in Tunisia. The penalties foreseen by law for non-compliance with the disclosure requirements lack effectiveness. A judge of the Registry of Commerce may request companies to disclose their proceedings or any other information that need to be disclosed by law, otherwise punishable by a fine of five thousand dinars and up to ten thousand dinars in case of recurrence. A breach of informing the Registry of Commerce can be proven by several authorities including: the prosecutor, District Court, officers of the National Police and the National Guard, Inspectors and authorized public officers of the Ministry of Trade and the Ministry of Finance and public officers authorized by specific legislation. The information that should be made public by law would allow the public to know who actually owns a media, but in reality this information is, for several media, not always complete or updated. Furthermore, any person with a legitimate reason, can request an order from the judge of the Registry of Commerce to access the information held by the courts. The public administration (INNORPI) responsible for the Registry of Commerce has difficulties in keeping the information up to date, as the courts are not effective in transferring the information. The requirement for full access to information requires more human and logistical resources and the development of a clear regulatory framework determining the terms of cooperation between the various authorities involved in the collection of information about media companies.

Indicator Description Yes No MD NA

Does national (media, company, tax...) The aim of the question is to X law contain transparency and disclosure check regulatory safeguard for provisions obliging media companies to transparency towards the publish their ownership structures on citizens, the users and the their website or in records/documents public in general. that are accessible to the public?

Does national (media, company, tax...) The aim of the question is to X law contain transparency and disclosure check regulatory safeguard for provisions obliging media companies to accountability and transparency report (changes in) ownership structures towards public authorities. to public authorities (such as the media authority)?

Is there an obligation by national law to This question aims at assessing X disclose relevant information after every if the law provides rules on the change in ownership structure? public availability of accurate and up-to-date data on media ownership. This is a condition for an effective transparency.

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Indicator Description Yes No MD NA

Are there any sanctions in case of non- This question aims at assessing X respect of disclosure obligations? if the law on media ownership transparency can be enforced through the application of sanctions.

Do the obligations ensure that the public This question aim at assessing Medium: knows which legal or natural person the effectiveness of the laws some effectively owns or controls the media that deal with media ownership owners are company? transparency and if they still succeed in disclosing the real unknown owners of the media outlets.

(Political) Control Over Media Outlets and Distribution Networks

Political affiliations: As the media outlet that generates the highest audience in Tunisia, television evokes particular interests among political groups or personalities, even though the regulatory body (HAICA) prohibits combining political responsibility and ownership of audio-visual media. The majority (6 of 10) of the analysed TV stations have a direct or indirect link with a party or a politician. (See Political affiliations) The state has two public TV stations placed under the supervision of the Presidency of the Government. It also manages the production company Cactus Prod. of Sami Fehri, linked to Al Hiwar Ettounsi. The shares that Belhassen Trabelsi (brother of Ben Ali) held in the company were confiscated. The state also has shares in the capital of Hannibal TV of which 10% were confiscated. Concerning the radio stations, the state has a wide network of national and regional radio stations. It also owns 70% of shares in the capital of Shems FM,a radio founded by the daughter of Ben Ali and 13% of Mosaique FM, shares previously held by Belhassen Trabelsi. The radio stations analysed for this study have, mostly, no clear partisan or political affiliation, as they are mainly owned by the state (public radio and confiscated media) or businessmen or other industry groups. Although it has to be noted, that the private radio stations launched before the revolution were held by members of the Ben Ali clan or businessmen close to the government. Regarding the newspapers analysed for this study no political affiliations are evident. Yet, partisan press is permitted and exists, such as Al Fajr, which is the newspaper of the Ennahda party. In addition, two major publishing houses are under the control of the State, the SNIPE that is public and Dar Assabah of which 79% are confiscated. The owner of the website Al Jarida is adviser to the President of the Republic and the editor-in-chief is press officer for the Presidency of the Government. Distribution and broadcasting networks The National Broadcasting Office (ONT), a public institution under the Ministry of Communication Technologies and Digital Economy, is the only institution that manages the broadcasting of television and radio. Some TV

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stations such Zitouna TV that have no license, broadcast with their own means, often from abroad via satellite. In 2015, the broadcast of Hannibal TV was temporarily halted with the use of public force, an act condemned by the HAICA who sees it as a dangerous precedent. Private transmitters are permitted for community radio stations. Currently all community radios except KFM broadcast with their own means. However all radios must receive a frequency from the National Frequency Agency. There are, however, also stations that only broadcast on the web and therefore do not need to obtain a frequency. In the print sector, the company Daâdaâ, a private company owned by Messaoud Daâdaâ, held the distribution monopoly in Grand Tunis until 12 May 2015. In order to break the monopoly, which Daâdaâ abused in the past by favouring certain newspapers compared to others, several publishing houses and others (Maghreb Papier, SNIPE, Maghreb Media Réalités, Dar Akhar Khabar, UGTT, UTICA, Dar AI Binaa, Dar El Fajr, UTAP, Dar Assabah) created a new company "distribution cooperative". To protest against this new company, Daâdaâ boycotted the distribution of several newspapers. According to several newspapers, the “distribution cooperative” has no more distribution problem since this incident. Dar Anwar and Dar Irada continue to work with Daâdaâ. SOTUPRESSE is the company specializing in the distribution of the foreign press in Tunisia. They refused the distribution of certain newspapers several times for moral reasons, even after the revolution (i.e. Charlie Hebdo considered to disrespect values of Islam). Most newspaper companies have their own means of distribution in the regions. With regards to the Internet network, the Tunisian Internet Agency (ATI) participated in the internet censorship under Ben Ali. The current agency Attounissia (ex - ATI) does not censor websites anymore. No political affiliations of the distribution networks are evident, neither of the public nor the private networks. Discriminatory acts were committed in the past and may still occur. However there is no monopoly for the distribution of the written press and in reality, despite the monopoly of the ONT, alternatives for broadcasting radio and television stations are used.

Low Medium High

What is the share of TV media owned by politically affiliated entities?

The media having <30% The media having <50% - >30% The media having >50% audience share is owned audience share is owned audience share is owned (controlled) by a specific political (controlled) by a specific political (controlled) by a specific political party, politician or political party, politician or political party, politician or political grouping, or by an owner with grouping, or by an owner with grouping, or by an owner with specific political affiliation. specific political affiliation. specific political affiliation.

What is the share of Radio channels owned by politically affiliated entities?

The media having <30% The media having <50%>30% The media having >50% audience share is owned audience share is owned audience share is owned (controlled) by a specific political (controlled) by a specific political (controlled) by a specific political party, politician or political party, politician or political party, politician or political grouping, or by an owner with grouping, or by an owner with grouping, or by an owner with

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Low Medium High

specific political affiliation. specific political affiliation. specific political affiliation.

What is the share of Newspapers owned by politically affiliated entities?

How would you assess the conduct of the leading distribution networks for print media?

Leading distribution networks At least one of the leading All of the leading distribution are not politically affiliated or do distribution networks is politically networks are politically affiliated not take discriminatory actions. affiliated or takes occasional and has a record of repeated discriminatory actions discriminatory actions

How would you assess the conduct of the leading radio distribution networks?

How would you assess the conduct of the leading television distribution networks?

Sources:  Kapitalis (2015), Distribution des journaux: Qui mettra fin au monopole de Messaoud Daadaa?

 Inkyfada (2015), Charlie Hebdo en Tunisie : Absent des kiosques mais présent dans les débats

 Babnet (2012),La Sotupresse nie avoir empêché la distribution de deux revues françaises en Tunisie

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(Political) Control Over Media Funding

During the Ben Ali regime, the Tunisian External Communication Agency (ATCE) held the monopoly over the distribution of public advertising, which it used as a political and a propaganda tool. The distribution of public advertising thus encouraged allegiance to the government of some media while those that were more critical or less involved were penalised. Since the revolution, there is no longer an agency responsible for the distribution of official advertising and no body controls or knows the numbers. The possible creation of a new agency to address the vacuum left by the ATCE is under discussion. The Federation of Newspaper Directors and the Union of Journalists, among others, also support the idea of a Press Council which would include, among its objectives, to issue an opinion (binding or not) on the criteria for the distribution of public advertising. Today, the distribution of public advertising is based on non-existent and unknown rules and done independently by each department or public institutions. It should also be noted, that several media broadcast advertising to support cultural or educational projects or awareness campaigns free of charge (eg certain spots of the Ministry of Education). Although no figures to determine accurately the part of public advertising of the funding of television channels and radio stations exist, the majority of managers of the television and radio stations analysed confirmed that this share is minimal or non-existent for most media. Public companies act as private enterprises with independent communication strategies. However, public funding is important for the print sector. This funding includes not only public advertising, but especially also subscriptions and buying newspapers by public institutions. The cancellation of public subscription after the revolution brought an important financial loss for several newspapers. Currently, Circular No. 2016-8 of 8 April 2016 on the organization of the purchase of newspapers and periodicals by public structures intends to support the print sector, an industry that is experiencing an increasing financial crisis, by increasing purchase quotas for newspapers. Based on figures provided by several publishing houses (overall figures do not exist) and taking into account the importance of purchases and subscription for the financing of the print sector, the risk of political control over financing of the print sector is considered high for most newspapers. Few exceptions exist, where the sale numbers and the share of private advertising are important.

Low Medium High

Is the state advertising distributed to media proportionately to their audience share?

State advertising is State advertising is distributed State advertising is distributed distributed to the media disproportionately (in terms of exclusively to few media outlets, relatively proportionately to audience share) to the media which do not cover all major media the audience shares of media outlets in the country

How would you assess the rules of distribution of state advertising?

State advertising is State advertising is distributed to There are no rules regarding distributed to media outlets media outlets based on a set of distribution of state advertising to based on transparent rules. rules but it is unclear whether media outlets or these

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Low Medium High

they are transparent.

What is the share of state advertising as part of the overall TV advertising market?

Share of state advertising is Share of state advertising is Share of state advertising is > 10% <5% of the overall market 5%-10% of the overall market of the overall market

What is the share of state advertising as part of the overall Radio advertising market?

Share of state advertising is Share of state advertising is Share of state advertising is > 10% <5% of the overall market 5%-10% of the overall market of the overall market

What is the share of state advertising as part of the overall Print advertising market?

Share of state advertising is Share of state advertising is Share of state advertising is > 10% <5% of the overall market 5%-10% of the overall market of the overall market

(Political) Control Over News Agencies

In Tunisia, there exists effectively only one Tunisian News Agency, the official agency Tunis Afrique Presse (TAP), created in 1961. The TAP is a public company that served as a propaganda instrument during the Ben Ali regime. It has the status of a S.A. corporation. 98% of the shares are owned by the state, few journalists hold the others. 85% of its budget comes from the state and its CEO is appointed by the Presidency of the Government in consultation with key stakeholders in the field. Its Board of Directors consists of representatives of different ministries, of the Presidency, other public media institutions (public television, public radio and SNIPE) and shareholders journalists. The TAP is itself a shareholder, with shares in the SNIPE. Since 2011, "Binaa News" presents itself as the first private news agency founded in Tunisia after the revolution. However, no major media outlet works with this agency. The TAP has thus, in practice, a monopoly in the Tunisian press agency industry, but there are no figures to estimate the market share of news agencies. There are several major international news agencies working in Tunisia: Agence France Presse (AFP), Reuters, Associated Press or the Turkish news agency Anadolu. TAP has cooperation agreement with Reuters. A good part of the Tunisian media works directly or indirectly with the TAP, even if many of them are not subscribed, as they prefer other sources of information or tap into other international news agencies. The TAP therefore dominates the market, in the absence of other competing Tunisian agencies. Yet, this does not represent a real risk to the control of public opinion, as the media are no longer forced to work with this agency, even though it remains a source of official information. However, this has not necessarily diversified the general information available.

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Low Medium High

What is the market share of the leading news agency?

No news agency dominates the One news agency has <50% ≥ The leading news agency has market (occupy >30% of the 30% share of the market of news >50% market share. market of news agencies). agencies.

How would you evaluate the political affiliation and/or dependence of the largest news agency?

None of the largest news At least one of the largest news Most or all of the largest news agencies is dependent on agencies is dependent on political agencies is dependent on political groupings in terms of groupings in terms of ownership, political groupings in terms of ownership, affiliation of key affiliation of key personnel or ownership, affiliation of key personnel or editorial policy. editorial policy. personnel or editorial policy.

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Media Transparency

Selective transparency

Despite the legal obligation to disclose certain information about media outlets and companies (see regulations), there is only selective transparency. The information about the editor-in-chief and CEO are often available, most of the names of the owners can be found in the Registry of Commerce – their shares however not always. Yet, financial information is rarely made public, including for public media. Few reported their financial figures or submitted their balance sheets.

The absence of financial information is not only a problem in the media sector. According to statistics from the Registry of Commerce, only about 20% of companies submit their balance sheets.

Willingness to be transparent

Most media leaders responded positively to a meeting request with the project team "Media Ownership Monitor" to share information about their media. The return rate of the completed questionnaire is however much lower. Often not all requested information was provided, especially financial information was rarely shared. Some media could not be reached or did not want to follow up. Only two media (Assarih and Sabra FM) openly said that they did not wish to share information to enhance transparency.

The print sector

All the 10 surveyed newspapers publish on their own initiative the name of the editor-in-chief in the paper. Some of them also publish the name of the CEO. Akhbar Medias (Akhbar al Joumhouria), Dar Assabah (Assabah and Le Temps), Dar Tunis Hebdo and the SNIPE (La Presse and Essahafa) either shared financial information and the names of the shareholders, or this data was available on the Registry of Commerce. It should be noted that the SNIPE is public and Dar Assabah is owned (79%) by the State since its confiscation.

Information about the owners is available on the Registry of Commerce for Al Bayane (UTICA), Dar Al Moussawar and Dar Anwar (Al Chourouk and Le Quotidien). Only the identity sheet and old documents are available for Dar Irada, providing little information about the structure of the company. The publishing house refused to share any information.

The law requires newspapers to publish their circulation figures, but none of them do so. One media shared the financial information with the team of "Media Ownership Monitor" pointing out however that the publication of this data would be harmful to the business of the newspaper.

Television

Despite several attempts, some officials of television stations have still not responded to our requests for

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information on the structure of their company. As television is the media that is most present in the media itself, the identity of the owners of the main TV channels is often available, The names are either published by other media or published by the owners themselves. Political affiliations of the founders or owners of TV channels are also more or less publicly known, discussed in the media or provided as grounds for refusal of a license by the HAICA.

Much information is available on the Registry of Commerce or in the publications of the Official Journal of the Tunisian Republic (JORT). Nessma TV and Attassia returned the completed questionnaire, yet without providing financial information.

The HAICA communicated a list of audio-visual media who obtained their license to the project team. The list includes the names of managers. However, the HAICA did not provide information on the identity of shareholders and their financial assets, stating however that this information will be made public soon. Moreover, the list held by HAICA is not necessarily updated (including all changes in the structure of media companies), despite the legal obligation of media to inform the regulatory authority.

The Presidency of the Government provided some general financial information on both public televisions (Wataniya 1 and 2). The managers of the two TV channels were not able to provide detailed information on the functioning of the establishment of the Tunisian television.

Radio

The data provided by HAICA and the Presidency of the Government on the National Radio, private and community radio stations is of the same kind than the date provided on television. The National Radio also responded to the questionnaire.

Much information about the ownership structure of private radio stations could obtained through the publications on the Registry of Commerce or the JORT.

The radio Mosaique FM distinguishes itself from the other radio stations by its willingness to be transparent, in rapidly providing most of the requested information. IFM also responded to the questionnaire, providing the names of the shareholders and their shares. Diwan FM provided the names without their shares.

Online media

Information about the owners is available on the Registry of Commerce for all pure player online media. Most online media also shared this information with the research team.

The online media Business News publishes the names of the principal shareholders and its structure actively on its website. Several media (Al Jarida Babnet, Mosaique FM) either shared their Google Analytics or released overall figures of their audiences (Al Chourouk, Jomhouria, Tunigate).

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Media Regulation

Since the 2011 revolution, Tunisia has adopted a new legislation in the media sector. This new legal framework, based on international standards, provides specific rules for concentration control, regulation of property and media transparency.

Regulatory thresholds to prevent concentration

The media specific regulations (Decree Laws 115 and 116 and the specifications developed by the HAICA) establish thresholds to control economic concentration, in terms of number of licenses and in terms of shares in media companies. For example, a person can only own one private TV channel and one radio station at a time. In the print sector, the law states that the total circulation (of the same type of newspaper) held by the same owner may not exceed 30% of the total circulation of this kind of newspaper published in Tunisia. There are also rules to limit horizontal concentration: for example it is forbidden to own a TV station and an advertising agency or polling institute simultaneously.

The competition law also establishes thresholds. Economic concentration is governed by Article 7 of Law No. 36 of 15 September 2015 on the reorganization of competition and prices. The Minister for Trade must approve any project or merger that creates a dominant position in the domestic market or in a substantial part of it.

Ensuring compliance with laws

The HAICA ensures compliance with the regulations in place in the audio-visual sector. On the other hand, the Minister of Trade and the Competition Council shall ensure compliance with the competition law. They have the right to act on their own initiative on any issue under their respective areas and may impose penalties. The Trade Minister, after consulting the Competition Council may cancel any sale, merger or unauthorized concentration.

Yet, given the lack of case law on this issue, and as there has not been any merger or acquisition since the enactment of the Decree Laws of 2011, the effectiveness and efficiency of sanctions provided for by legislation cannot be assessed.

Independent regulatory bodies

The HAICA and the Competition Council are relatively independent public bodies. The members of the HAICA are appointed by the President of the Republic, the Speaker of Parliament, the most representative bodies of judges, journalists, the bosses of media companies and non-journalistic audio-visual sector professions. The Competition Council is composed of judges, experts and professionals from several economic sectors. Board members are appointed by government decree for a non-renewable term of five years. These bodies are have financial autonomy. However, their budgets and technical and human resources are quite limited. In general, public authorities do not intervene in the decisions of these bodies, despite some excesses and conflicts of

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powers between the government and the HAICA. Such as, when the government sacked the CEO of the National Television in November 2015 without consulting the HAICA that appealed before the Administrative Tribunal for abuse of power against the government.

Transparency obligations

The legislation in place demands a certain amount of transparency from the media. All changes concerning the financing, the status of the company, the social capital or structure of the company managing the media outlet, need to be communicated to the concerned regulatory authority and must be published in the Official journal and in the commercial register. The information published on these media should be accessible to the public, but in reality not all the information can be accessed. The media owned by SA corporations are required to publish summaries of their annual financial statements in the newspapers, but in reality few do so.

The regulatory authorities of the media sector and several public administrations continuously collect all information about the media companies. However, the HAICA sometimes encounters difficulties in gathering all information.

Granting of licenses

In the audio-visual sector, the granting of the license lies within the exclusive jurisdiction of the HAICA. The HAICA grants a licence based on an authorization file including requirements about the entity requesting the license, requirements about the human, financial and technical means. The specifications for private and community radio stations and private and community television stations lie out the details of these requirements.

The HAICA has refused the license of radio stations for technical reasons, for non-financial-viability of the project, and for TV channels based on reasons of incompatibility with political affiliations. Thus, Zitouna TV is

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currently broadcasting without a license and the status of Nessma TV, Hannibal TV, Al Hiwar Ettounsi and Radio Kalima have not yet been clarified.

In the print sector, creating a media is subject to a simple declaration to the District Court. The declaration file includes several documents laying out the type of media, its editorial policy, the owner or owners, its social capital, its human and technical means. According to the information available, there has been no opposition to the creation of a print media in Tunisia since the promulgation of Decree No. 115-2011.

The creation of online media, web radio and web TV is not subject to a specific legal regime.

Who can own a media?

Any natural or legal person of Tunisian nationality can obtain a license for a television station or a radio station. The license holder cannot be a leader of a political party. Foreign ownership in media companies cannot exceed 49%. Any transfer of ownership or participation in a media company is subject to reporting formalities, legal publication or prior authorization depending on the type of media.

Horizontal Concentration Control

Laws

 Cahier des charges radio associative PDF | 197 KB download

 Cahier des charges télévision privée PDF | 256 KB download

 Cahier des charges télévision associative PDF | 204 KB download

 Code des telecommunications PDF | 716 KB download

 Code de la Presse (abrogé) PDF | 219 KB download

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 Code des socie?te?s commerciales PDF | 1.77 MB download

 Constitution PDF | 106 KB download

 Décret-loi n° 2011-116 PDF | 117 KB download

 Décret-loi n° 2011-115 PDF | 145 KB download

 Loi n° 36-2015 relative a? la concurrence et aux prix PDF | 447 KB download

 Loi n° 94-117 relative a? la re?organisation du marche? financier PDF | 197 KB download

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Concentration

Unkown audience concentration

Horizontal audience concentration occurs when a media or media group accounts for a large part of the audience of a specific type of media (television, radio, print or online media). Cross-media audience concentration occurs when a media group or owner owns media outlets of different types of media that generate together a large audience share.

Given the lack of reliable audience figures, audience concentration could not be calculated. This can be considered as a risk to media pluralism, as even the regulators are not able to act or to prevent audience concentration if they do not have access to reliable figures.

The state is the main owner of media

The state is the only actor who owns several media. In terms of public media, it owns two television stations and nine national and regional radio stations, plus a publishing house editing two dailies. The state also holds the Tunisian news agency Tunis Afrique Presse.

The state also manages the confiscated media of which it is majority shareholder. These media belonged to relatives of the Ben Ali regime. The state also holds minority shares in media such as Mosaique FM.

Low ownership concentration of private media

The study on media ownership, however, shows that there is a low concentration (horizontal or cross-media) of ownership of media in Tunisia. This is likely to reinforce pluralism.

Different owners hold the publishing houses and TV stations, except for Zitouna TV, whose owner launched a second television channel, Zitouna Hidaya. Both are without a licence and broadcast from abroad.

Regarding the radio, there are some owners who own shares in several stations, directly or indirectly. In order to respect the concentration regulations, which limit the shares one can hold in several audio-visual media, some owners are not mentioned officially, but manage their shares through a company or other person, as illustrates the case of Lofi Abdennadher.

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Media groups like Taieb Zahar’s (which owns among other the weekly Réalités) also have shares in other media (such as Business News). One can also mention the case of Nessma TV which has just launched a mobile operator, Nessma Mobile. The founder and former CEO of the channel is also active in the field of advertising which strengthens its economic importance.

Given the lack of market data, the economic dominance of one or more companies could not be established.

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Political affiliations

A very « politicised » ownership of TV stations

As the media outlet that generates the highest audience in Tunisia, television evokes particular interests among political groups or personalities, even though the regulatory authority (HAICA) prohibits combining political responsibility and ownership of an audio-visual media. The majority of TV channels analysed for this study (6 out out of 10) have a direct or indirect link with a party or a politician. Nebil Karoui, founder and former CEO of Nessma TV is now part of the party leadership of Nidaa Tounes. Larbi Nasra, founder of Hannibal TV, the first private Tunisian TV channel, has sold his shares before entering politics. He created a political party and ran for the presidential election in 2014.

The TV channel Al Hiwar Ettounsi also has a history closely linked to politics. It was created under the former regime by Tahar Ben Hassine, a former opponent of Ben Ali, who later joined the party NidaaTounes. The TV channel Ettounsiya of Sami Fehri, former partner of a member of Ben Ali clan, evoked the interest of Slim Riahi a politician, businessman and president of the party UPL (Free Patriotic Union). The two TV stations merged, in the midst of this media-politics entanglement, after Tahar Ben Hassine sold his shares to the wife of Sami Fehri.

On the other hand, channels launched by relatives or sympathizers of the Islamists were created after the revolution. Zitouna TV and Zitouna Hidaya TV were launched by Oussama Ben Salem, a member of the Ennahda party, before he sold his shares to comply with the requirements of the HAICA. The case of Janoubiya TV can also be cited, as its current owner, the businessman Mohamed Ayachi Ajroudi, does not hide his political ambitions.

No similar level of political affiliations of owners of private radio stations can be observed, these are rather held by businessmen.

Even though the prohibition to combine a political responsibility and ownership of a media does not apply to print media or online media, there are few media owners who clearly display any party affiliation. The only media with a clear link is Al Jarida, the editor-in-chief works for the Presidency of the Government and the owner for the President of the Republic.

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Political affiliations in media coverage

The HAICA has established rules for media coverage during election campaign periods, prohibiting propaganda and political advertising. The authority ensures compliance with these rules and published a report on election coverage in 2014. The report shows that political affiliations are evident for several TV channels.

In the case of the campaign for parliamentary elections, the HAICA observed an obvious policy bias in favour of the Ennahda Movement on Zitouna TV. Al Moutawasset (M Tunisia), Telvza TV, Hannibal TV and Tounesna TV, also presented the parties in an unbalanced way. Other channels and radio stations also proposed an unbalanced content without a clearly identifiable political orientation.

For the second round of the presidential campaign, the HAICA found that Zitouna TV, Al Moutawasset (M Tunisia) and TNN supported former President Moncef Marzouki while Nessma TV and Al Hiwar Ettounsi preferred Beji Caid Essebsi, winner of the elections. The authority equally observed radio stations and concluded that Saraha FM supported the incumbent, while Cap FM, Mosaique FM, Express FM and Jawhara FM were in favour of the current head of state.

Sources  HAICA (2014) Rapport analytique sur la couverture des élections 2014

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Measuring audience

Audience data is a central factor for a media with a business model based on advertising, as it determines its attractiveness to advertisers and therefore the viability of the media. This dependency explains the importance given to audience measurement and research institutes. The main question is however, whether the published studies and surveys are actually credible and neutral.

In Tunisia, audience measurement is not regulated and can be used to promote economic or political interests. The audience estimates of the audio-visual sector and online media or the reader number of print media are mainly based on sample and more or less reliable methods. This, thus, does not allow evaluating with certainty the importance of one media in contrast to the others, and thus the level of audience concentration and their real impact on public opinion.

There are two research institutes used and consulted by the mainstream media: Sigma Conseil and Mediascan. Sigma Council makes its figures regularly public, while only subscribers have access to the reports of Mediascan. Some research institutes, such as C3 withdrew from audience measurement at the national level.

The integrity of these research institutes remains controversial, especially regarding TV channels, as the sector attracts the biggest share of the advertising market. Recognising this sensitive issue, the HAICA prohibited owners of a TV station to be at the same time owner of a research institute (Article 8 of the specifications), as this could evoke conflicts of interests. These regulations have however not prevented some connections between research institutes and the media. Hassen Zargouni for example is both the owner of Sigma Conseil and columnist for Al Hiwar Ettounsi.

Other indications evoked by people from the profession are questioning the credibility of these studies. The issue of corruption between research institutes and the media was mentioned several times during interviews with several directors and media owners such as Attassia or Al Janoubia. Others, like the director of Nessma TV (often well ranked in the polls), believes, in contrast, that the studies generally reflect reality, despite some shortcomings.

Regarding the print media, newspapers are legally obliged to publish the number of printed issues. No newspaper does so, fearing that this would effect advertisers and therefore their financial situation. Consequently, the number of unsold papers is not communicated either, and no official or independent body controls these figures, when they are made available. Even if they would provide a better idea about the importance of a specific newspaper, these figures are not sufficient to assess their readership, as some newspapers are "rented" or made available in public places and thus read by more people. To overcome this lack of numbers, research institutes estimate audience in terms of readership.

Finally, measuring the number of visitors of online media is also difficult. Google Analytics could allow comparing the audiences of these media (although the number of clicks may be artificially inflated) but their owners rarely make the figures public. The website Alexa which is often used as a reference for a ranking of websites by country, remains however unreliable. In fact, in Tunisia, it can be observed that at the moment a

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site is "certified" by paying a subscription, its ranking goes up. This can be explained by the low number of users of the Alexa tool in Tunisia.

These shortcomings have led some representatives of the sector to launch a "Tunisian Association of Audiometry" in 2016 to reflect on these issues and provide solutions for a more reliable system of audience measurement.

Taking into account the reasons outlined above and even if audience measurement is essential for assessing whether there is audience concentration in Tunisia, we chose to use the data from these estimates only for the selection of the media analysed without establishing rankings. We did thus not publish the figures provided by research institutes, which are heavily contested even by actors from the sector.

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Confiscated media

Confiscation of the property of Ben Ali and the people close to him

After the revolution, Decree-Law No. 2011-13 of 14 March 2011, provided for the confiscation "in favour of the Tunisian State ... of all movable and immovable properties and rights acquired after November 7, 1987" of Ben Ali and the people close to him. 148 cars, 480 properties, 544 companies, 65,000 transportable goods, 169,224,246 shares and 123,823,854 Dinars were seized.

A National Management Committee (Decree-Law No. 2011-68 of 14 July 2011), composed of representatives of the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of State Property and Lands, Ministry of Justice and of the Presidency of the Government is responsible for the management of the seized goods. Its responsibilities include the maintenance of the level of activity of the confiscated companies, the sale of confiscated property, appointment of state representatives in the management board of the concerned companies. 64 of the seized companies are under the management of Al Karama Holding (former Princess Holding).

Confiscated media

Among the confiscated companies, 16 (around 3%) are companies linked to the media, among these are the companies owning Zitouna FM (100%), Dar Assabah (79,62%), Shems FM (70%), Mosaïque FM (13,27%) and Hannibal TV (10%).

Moreover, among the audio-visual production companies is Cactus Prod., 51% owned by the state and 49% by Sami Fehri. This company worked directly with the TV station Ettounsyia which has become Al Hiwar Ettounsi.

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The future of the confiscated media

According to the communications officer of the Presidency of the Government, the state should sell almost all the confiscated shares held in the capital of media companies. Only Zitouna FM is being nationalised to become a public radio. This decision was taken as the state wants to retain control over the religious radio to prevent it from disseminating extremist messages.

Overall, the sale of confiscated goods takes place very slowly. Currently, only 7 of 544 companies (the state is a minority shareholder in 153 of them and 136 have ceased their activities) were sold.

Specifications shall regulate the sale of Dar Assabah and Shems FM, two media in which the state has a majority of the shares. According to the Presidency of the Government, these specifications are being developed in consultation with the respective unions of the journalists. This statement is in contrast to a strike of journalists of Shems FM that took place on 3 May 2016 on the issue. They demanded, among others, the participation of their union in the drafting of the specifications for the sale of the confiscated shares (70%). According to several sources, this transition is not favourable to the development of these media companies as they have less leeway than private enterprises.

A guide on the procedure to sell confiscated property and shares issued by the Ministry of Finance determines the terms of sale for the companies. The guide contains no specific clauses for media companies nor does it provide for any measures related to concentration risk. This general guide foresees, however, the publication of guides for specific types of companies.

Sources

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 Ministère des Finances (2016), Gestion des biens confisqués

 Ministère des Finances (2016), Dossier Confiscation

 Shems FM (2016), Les journalistes et les employés de Shems FM en grève

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About

Methodology Frequently Asked Questions Team more more more

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Methodology

Theory: media pluralism as key for democratic societies

Media pluralism is a key aspect of democratic societies as free, independent, and diverse media reflect divergent viewpoints and allow criticism of people in power. Generally, you can distinguish internal media pluralism which refers to how social and political diversity are reflected in media content (e.g. representation of different cultural groups, diverse political or ideological opinions). External media pluralism, on the other hand, covers the number and structure of owners also known as the “plurality” of suppliers. Risks to diversity of ideas are caused by media market concentration – the opposite of media pluralism - when only a few players exert dominant influence on public opinion and raise entrance barriers for other players and perspectives (media ownership concentration);

when media content is uniform and focused only on specific topics, people, ideas and opinions (media content concentration);

when the audiences only read, watches and listens to certain media outlets (media audience concentration).

Goal: creating media ownership transparency

Notwithstanding that media pluralism encompasses many dimensions and faces as many risks, the MOM focuses on external pluralism, and more precisely on media ownership concentration as a potential threat to media pluralism. The biggest obstacle to fight it is lack of transparency of media ownership: How can people evaluate the reliability of information, if they don't know who provides it? How can journalists work properly, if they don't know who controls the company they work for? And how can media authorities address excessive media concentration, if they don't know who is behind the media´s steering wheel? MOM thus aims to create transparency and to answer the question “who eventually controls media content?” by informing about the owner of the most important media outlets of the different types of media (television, radio, internet, print) and their affiliations;

by analyzing the potential influence on the public opinion-forming process based on audience concentration;

by shedding light on the regulation of media ownership and concentration, as well as implementation of regulatory safeguards.

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Means: data collection and fieldwork

Based on a generic methodology, the “Media Ownership Monitor” (MOM) has been developed as a mapping exercise in order to create a publicly available, continuously updated database that lists owners of all relevant mass media outlets. It creates transparency on who owns media, which interests and affiliation owners have, to which extent dependencies exist and thus, who really has a potential influence on public opinion. Fieldwork is not only aimed at finding out, who holds the stakes, but at investigating who eventually controls media. In addition, MOM provides a contextualization and qualitative analysis by assessing the respective market specifics and legal environment in the countries as well. Data collection was done by local research team from Al Khatt in collaboration with Reporters Without Borders (RSF).

Instrument: MOM-user guide

The data collection is conducted following a detailed User Guide, covering following sections: Section A “Context” provides a first look into the media market and flanking conditions, such as the regulatory framework related to ownership issues, country information and media-specific data. This section allows to better understand the findings of the following sections and to contextualize estimated risks for media plurality.

In Section B “Media Market”, the types of media that are relevant for opinion-formation are agreed upon on the basis of the audience reach. At most 10 media outlets per media type - TV, radio, print and Internet – are selected.

In Section C “Ownership”, owner/ shareholder/ people with influence on the most relevant media are researched. Key media companies are defined economically (related to their revenue) and investigated concerning their ownership characteristics.

Section D “Indicators” explains the indicators to assess risks to media pluralism.

The User Guide is developed on the basis of already existing media ownership & media pluralism research. The indicators are inspired by and harmonized with the EU-funded (Media Pluralism Monitor) of the Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom (CMPF) at the European University Institute (EUI, Florence)

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1. What is MOM?

The “Media Ownership Monitor” (MOM) has been developed as a mapping tool in order to create a publicly available, continuously updated database that lists owners of all relevant mass media outlets (press, radio, television sectors and online media). MOM aims to shed light on the risks to media pluralism caused by media ownership concentration (for more information: Methodology). In order to grasp the national characteristics and detect risk-enhancing or risk- reducing factors for media concentration, MOM also qualitatively assesses the market conditions and legal environment.

2. Who is behind MOM?

MOM has been proposed and launched by Reporter ohne Grenzen e. V. – the German section of the international human rights organization Reporters without Borders (Reporters sans frontières, RSF), that aims to defend freedom of the press and the right to inform and be informed anywhere in the world. In each country, RSF cooperates with a local partner organization. In Tunisia, RSF worked with Al Khatt. The project is funded by the Federal German Ministry of Economic Development and Cooperation (BMZ).

3. Why is transparency of media ownership important?

Media pluralism is a key aspect of democratic societies as free, independent, and diverse media reflect divergent viewpoints and allow criticism of people in power. Risks to diversity of ideas are caused by media market concentration, when only a few players exert dominant influence on public opinion and raise entrance barriers for other players and perspectives (media ownership concentration). The biggest obstacle to fight it is lack of transparency of media ownership: How can people evaluate the reliability of information, if they don´t know who provides it? How can journalists work properly, if they don´t know who controls the company they work for? And how can media authorities address excessive media concentration, if they don´t know who is behind the media´s steering wheel?

MOM thus aims to create transparency and to answer the question “who eventually controls media content?” in order to raise public awareness, to create a fact base for advocacy to hold political and economic players accountable for the existing conditions.

As we consider ownership transparency as a crucial precondition to enforce media pluralism, we document the openness of media companies/outlets to provide information on their ownership structure. Considering their answers, we distinguish different levels of transparency – which is indicated for each media outlet and media company on their profile. Media owner’s motivation to remain hidden or even actively disguise their investments can vary from legitimate to illegal and be rooted in personal, legal or business-related reasons – or a mix thereof, in extreme cases even including criminal offenses like tax evasion or breaches of anti-trust laws.

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Some of those reasons include the following: In several countries, media ownership is restricted by law in order to avoid concentration. So if one individual wants to extend his or her media empire beyond these limits, proxy owners and/or shell companies registered abroad, even off-shore, are frequently being used.

Sometimes, media owners receive personal threats or face other dangers either originating from governments or competing businesses and therefore decide to remain unknown to protect themselves.

In many cases, media ownership is intertwined with undue political or economic interests, even more so if individuals are involved that hold a public office and who don’t want to disclose such a conflict of interests.

In rare cases, the disguise of media ownership happens unintentionally because over time and through mergers and acquisitions, corporate structures became so complex that the original beneficial owner is difficult to identify.

Last not least, there are ‘normal’ – i. e. non-media-related reasons for owners to hide, such as tax evasion.

4. What kind of concentration regulation does MOM suggest?

MOM doesn’t make normative statements – it doesn’t suggest how to control media ownership. Which form of media concentration control can work, depends on the country context, the existing legal and market conditions, the ownership landscape. MOM provides a transparency tool to enforce a democratic discussion on that issue as well as good governance: decisions are likely to be of higher quality and to better reflect the needs and wishes of the people if they have access to adequate information and broad consultations, with views and opinions freely shared.

5. How is data collected and validated?

Preferably, official data sources, and/or sources with a high level of reliability and trust are used. Whenever not publicly available, information was directly requested of media companies, political representatives and research institutes.

All sources are thoroughly documented and archived. We used mainly data made available by • Media outlets/companies • Registre du Commerce • JORT (Official Journal) • l’institut national des statistiques • l’ONT (National Broadcasting Office) • l’instance nationale de télécommunication

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• HAICA (Independent Authority for Audio-Visual Communication) • Présidence du Gouvernement • Media Use in the Middle East 2015 by Northwestern University in Qatar In order to guarantee and verify the objective evaluation, MOM worked with an advisory group that commented and consulted throughout the research process. It was composed of national specialists with a substantial knowledge and experience in the media and communications fields. Amongst others, the following experts were accompanying the research process. The Advisory Group included : • Yasmine Kacha, RSF Tunisia • Ons Ben Abdelkarim, Al Bawsala • JazemHalioui, Web Radar • Hamida El Bour, TAP • Larbi Chouikha, Professor • Inès Bel Aiba et Guillaume Klein, AFP • Ziad Dobban, SNJT • MouhebGaroui, IWatch Organisation In addition to media representatives who have responded positively to the request for an interview, the following people shared their expertise: · Nouri Lajmi, Hichem Snoussi & Habib Belaid, HAICA · Elouaer Lamjed, National Broadcasting Office · Kamal Labidi, ex-President of INRIC · Dhafer Neji & Sonia Memmich, Présidence du Gouvernement · Abdelkrim Hizaoui, Professor IPSI · Hichem Guerfali, C3 · Hana Cherif, MediaScan · AmenallahAyari, Ipsos · TaïebZahar, FTDJ · Saloua Ghazouani Oueslati, Article 19 · MongiKhadhraoui, Journalist at Dar Anouar · Lamia El Kateb, Registre de Commerce · NejiBghouri, FahemBoukadous, SNJT References are available on request from Al Khatt.

6. How is "most relevant media" defined?

The main question is: which media outlets influence the opinion-forming process? In order to scan all relevant media, we included all traditional media types (Print, Radio, TV, Online). The media were selected according to the following criteria: MOM focused on media with the highest reach, measured by audience share. At most 10 media outlets per media type (TV, radio, print, Online) were selected. The news worthy and opinion content. The study focuses on general information with a national focus. As such, media with specific thematic focus (music, sport), social networks, search engines and advertisement were excluded.

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The selection based on these criteria initially consisted of plus/minus ten media outlets per media type (TV, print, online. Shedding light on these most relevant media outlets already allows revealing tendencies in media concentration. More media outlets were and will be added – if they proof to be relevant in terms of their owner or of their influence on public opinion (read more - “How are media outlets selected?”).

7. How are the media outlets selected?

According to the methodology, the 40 media were supposed to be chosen based on audience figures. Obtaining reliable audience figures however posed several problems in Tunisia (see measuring audience). Nevertheless, the team was forced to choose 40 media based on these figures. A different source was used for each media type, subject to availability and to diversify the sources. The list of 40 media will be updated once truly reliable data is available. TV The audience data for television channels are based on Ipsos; these are figures for April 2016. These figures were chosen taking into account the fact that Ipsos works at the national level and does not seem to have any conflict of interest (unlike other research institutes) Source : Ipsos (2016), TV Viewership in Tunisia 2016 RADIO The choice of radio stations is based on the audience data from Sigma Conseil. Sigma Conseil was chosen as it is the only research institute that conducts a survey at the national level (unlike Mediascan that focuses on Tunis, Sousse and Sfax). As most radio stations are broadcasted only in certain regions and the audience varies enormously according to each region, a survey with a national focus was necessary. The average audience share of last year (April 2015-March 2016) was calculated to determine the 10 most popular stations. Ramadan (June / July) was excluded due to lack of numbers and changing habits. In addition, Diwan FM was included as some of its shareholders are common with other radio stations of the analysis. Source: Sigma Conseil (2016/2015). Average of january, february, march 2016, April, May, August, September, October, November, December 2015, available at: www.e-sigmaconseil.com/mars/mars.html www.e-sigmaconseil.com/sigmagfev/sigmagfev.html https://de.scribd.com/doc/298113358/Sigmag-tunisie-Janvier-2016 https://issuu.com/prosdelacom/docs/sig_mag_tunisie_decembre_2015 www.sigma.tn/Fr/actualites_7_10_D42 Print The print outlets were selected based on: - their frequency of publication. The media outlets selected must be updated at least once a week with current content. - latest readership figures available. The only figures that the team was able to obtain are the 2015 readership figures from Mediascan. - There is a lack of circulation and sale figures. Despite the legal obligation to publish circulation figures, newspapers do not do so. No institute or organization holds accurate circulation and sale figures. Research institutes are the only ones that elaborate readership figures based on people’s declarations. Online media The websites were chosen based on the following criteria

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• Their rank on Alexa.com on 17 May 2016, as there were no other available rankings. An additional website was included to show the problems of Alexa. In June 2016, one of the 10 websites was not anymore in the ranking as it had cancelled its Alexa subscription. Its traffic numbers are now estimated. Another website, however, subscribed and thus moved up in the ranking (see measuring audience). • A Tunisian website with news/opinion content. As such, social networks, online stores and advertisement websites were excluded.

• The advisory board debated the inclusion of the website « tunigate.net » as it is little known in the media landscape. The site was included as it is in the Top 10 Alexa sites.

8. Why Tunisia?

The media landscape is in a transition phase since the 2011 revolution. New decrees/laws on transparency and ownership concentration were enacted; new regulatory authorities created (HAICA) or are under discussion (Press Council); new media received their licences and others were confiscated by the state. Freedom of press improved in recent years. In 2016, Tunisia ranks 96th in the Press Freedom Index published by Reporters Without Borders. At the same time, important challenges remain for press freedom and diversity. During this transformation period, the MOM provides a detailed analysis about concentration and ownership, to propose and push for reforms that ensure true media diversity.

9. Does the MOM only exist for Tunisia?

MOM was developed as a generic methodology that can be universally applied – and potentially will be. Notwithstanding that media concentration trends are observable worldwide; implementation and analysis will first take place in developing countries. MOM has been implemented in around 20 countries over the course of three years. All country projects can be found on the global website.

10. What are the limitations of the study?

· No reliable audience data: the audience figures available are highly contested (see measuring audience). Therefore, these figures were used only for the selection of the 40 most important media, and not for the calculation of indicators. The lack of reliable data is a risk to a diverse media market. · No economic data: There are no exact figures on the economic market. Only a few media shared their financial data, which are published on their profiles. The only data on advertising are from research institutes, but they are inflated. · Conflicting data: It is difficult to obtain accurate data on the number of existing media in Tunisia. The various sources (ONT, report of the President of the Republic) are not consistent. · Data is not up-to-date: It is impossible to know whether the available data on the Registry of Commerce is updated. Firstly because the Registry of Commerce is not able to follow up with all companies to ensure they report every change. Secondly, the courts do not transfer all documents to the Registry of Commerce, even if

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they are obliged to do so.

11. Who do we target?

This database: · allows citizens and anyone else to learn about the media system in Tunisia and to know the owners of the media they follow. It also encourages awareness about the importance of ownership and transparency. · creates a database and discusses issues related to diversity and transparency of the Tunisian media sector, which can be used by civil society organizations in their lobbying, by the government to strengthen diversity and by the HAICA and future regulatory bodies to better fulfil their mandates.

12. What happens next?

The database is a snapshot of the current situation, contextualized by historical facts. It will be updated regularly by Al Khatt.

The project aims to generate a public debate and changes, particularly on the following topics: · Media transparency · Measuring audience · The sale of confiscated media · the economic situation · Political affiliations

13. Are there similar projects?

The Media Ownership Monitor is mainly inspired by two similar projects. Especially the indicators for a later ranking rely heavily on the EU-funded Media Pluralism Monitor of the Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom (CMPF) at the European University Institute (EUI, Florence). Moreover, Media Pedia, an ownership database developed by investigative journalists in Macedonia served as inspiration for the Media Ownership Monitor. An overview over other similar projects can be found in the table below.

ORGANIZATION DESCRIPTION

Acess Info A Spanish NGO that works in the field of media ownership transparency in several European countries.

Article 19 An NGO which works in the field of press freedom. It implements media concentration projects.

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ORGANIZATION DESCRIPTION

Deutsche Welle The Media Freedom Navigator of Deutsche Welle provides an overview of different media freedom indices.

European Audiovisual A database of television and audiovisual services in Europe. Observatory

European Journalism Center The Website provides a summary and analysis of the state of the media in Europe and neighbouring countries.

European University Institute The Media Pluralism Monitor assesses risks for media pluralism in the in Florence EU Member States.

IFEX The network provides information of the state of the media in many countries.

IREX The Media Sustainability Index (MSI) provides analyses of the conditions for independent media in 80 countries.

Media Pedia A project that is monitoring the media ownership in Macedonia.

mediaUk The Website provides information about media ownership in Great Britain.

Pew Research Center The organisation publishes an interactive database about media in the United States.

SEENPM Monitors media ownership and the impact on media pluralism in southeastern Europe and EU member states.

The Columbia Institute for A research that works with authors from 30 countries in the world about Tele-Information at Columbia media concentration using a common methodology. Business School

The Institute for Media and A database of international corporations of the world´s biggest media. Communication Policy

UNESCO Media Development Indicators - A framework for assessing media

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ORGANIZATION DESCRIPTION

development.

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Team

MOM Team

The MOM project was conducted by a team of Al Khatt, Reporters Without Borders and other partners: Al Khatt: Malek Khadhraoui, Director Al Khatt Monia Ben Hamadi, Project Manager MOM Kais Zriba, Project Manager MOM Marwen Ben Mustapha, infographics Kais Berrjab, Research legal context Walid Mejri, Research & Arabic Translation Hanene Zbiss, Arabic Translation Chayma Mehdi, Web Integration Sameh Krichah, Research & Arabic Translation Haifa Mzalouat, editorial Team Hortense Lac, editorial Team

Reporters Without Borders: Olaf Steenfadt, Head of Project MOM Lisa Kretschmer, Project Manager MOM Katharina Zuegel, Project Manager MOM Tunisia Clothilde Le Coz, Project Manager MOM Tunisia

Al Khatt

Al Khatt is a Tunisian non governmental non-profit organization founded in 2013. Al Khatt wants to be a laboratory of ideas and a space for reflection on the future of journalism in the Internet age. A comprehensive reflection on both the production of journalistic content and on how to disseminate and share it. Al Khatt considers that the right to free, quality information is a fundamental right and that working for freedom of the press, freedom of expression and access to information means working to establish a democratic and transparent system in Tunisia.

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Reporters Without Borders

Reporters Without Borders (Reporter Sans Frontières, RSF) was founded in Montpellier (France) in 1985 by four journalists. It is is registered in France as a non-profit organization and has consultant status at the United Nations and UNESCO. RSF advocates for media freedom, supports independent media and protects endangered journalists worldwide. Its missions are To continuously monitor attacks on freedom of information worldwide;

To denounce any such attacks in the media;

To act in cooperation with governments to fight censorship and laws aimed at restricting freedom of information;

To morally and financially assist persecuted journalists, as well as their families.

To offer material assistance to war correspondents in order to enhance their safety.

Since 1994, the German section is active in Berlin. Although the German section works closely with the International Secretariat in Paris to research and evaluate media freedom worldwide, it is organizationally and financially independent. In that role, it has applied for a grant at the federal German Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development – in order to finance the Media Ownership Monitor project.

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:24 632 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. MEDIA OWNERSHIP MONITOR TUNISIA

Contact

This website is being updated regularly. Do not hesitate to contact us, should you have information to share, questions or remarks:

Email: mom.tunisia[at]alkhatt.org

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Data Protection Policy

Our website may be used without entering personal information. Different rules may apply to certain services on our site, however, and are explained separately below. We collect personal information from you (e.g. name, address, email address, telephone number, etc.) in accordance with the provisions of German data protection statutes. Information is considered personal if it can be associated exclusively to a specific natural person. The legal framework for data protection may be found in the German Federal Data Protection Act (BDSG) and the Telemedia Act (TMG). The provisions below serve to provide information as to the manner, extent and purpose for collecting, using and processing personal information by the provider. domainfactory GmbH

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Please be aware that data transfer via the internet is subject to security risks and, therefore, complete protection against third-party access to transferred data cannot be ensured.

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For technical reasons, data such as the following, which your internet browser transmits to us or to our web space provider (so called server log files), is collected:

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- websites that linked you to our site (referrer URL)

- websites that you visit

- date and time of your visit

- your Internet Protocol (IP) address.

This anonymous data is stored separately from any personal information you may have provided, thereby

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making it impossible to connect it to any particular person. The data is used for statistical purposes in order to improve our website and services.

Use of the web analysis service PIWIK

Our website uses the web analysis service PIWIK. To carry out this analysis, PIWIK uses cookies. Cookies are small text files that are stored to your computer and provide analysis of your use of the site. The information generated by these cookies, such as time, place and frequency of your visits to our site, including your IP address, are transmitted to our PIWIK server and stored there. As part of this process, you IP address is immediately anonymized so that you as user remain anonymous to us. The information generated by the cookie about your use of this site is not transferred to third parties.

Information/Cancellation/Deletion

On the basis of the Federal Data Protection Act, you may contact us at no cost if you have questions relating to the collection, processing or use of your personal information, if you wish to request the correction, blocking or deletion of the same, or if you wish to cancel explicitly granted consent. Please note that you have the right to have incorrect data corrected or to have personal data deleted, where such claim is not barred by any legal obligation to retain this data.

Sample Data Privacy Policy Statement provided by the Law Offices of Weiß & Partner

Media Ownership Monitor Tunisia by Reporters without Borders (RSF) and Alkhatt is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

This is an automatically generated PDF version of the online resource tunisia.mom-rsf.org/en/ retrieved on 2021/10/09 at 02:24 635 / 635 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) & Association Al Khatt - all rights reserved, published under Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.