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MUSÉUM GENÈVE 2020 Projet Scientifique Et Culturel MUSÉUM GENÈVE 2020 Projet scientifique et culturel RECHERCHE ET GESTION DES COLLECTIONS Rapport d’activités 2015 MUSÉUM D’HISTOIRE NATURELLE ET SON SITE DU MUSÉE D’HISTOIRE DES SCIENCES GENÈVE ACQUÉRIREXPERTISER RENSEIGNERCONSERVER SENSIBILISERANALYSER COLLABOREREXPLORER ECHANGERACCUEILLIR PARTAGERPUBLIER ANIMEREXPOSER ENTRETENIRCONTRIBUER COMMUNIQUERDÉCRIRE CLASSIFIERPROTÉGER LA RECHERCHE MENÉE EN 2015, EN QUELQUES CHIFFRES PRÈS DE 38000 NOUVEAUX SPÉCIMENS (80% D’INVERTÉBRÉS) INTÉGRÉS DANS LES COLLECTIONS - 23 MISSIONS DE TERRAIN MENÉES EN SUISSE ET DANS LE MONDE- 91 PUBLICATIONS SCIENTIFIQUES PRODUITES OU COPRODUITES PAR LES CHERCHEURS DU MHNG- 119 PUBLICATIONS SUR NOS COLLECTIONS PRODUITES PAR DES CHERCHEURS EXTERNES - 77 ESPÈCES NOUVELLES POUR LA SCIENCE DÉCRITES PAR LES CHERCHEURS DU MHNG ET 72 NOUVELLES MÉTÉORITES - PRÈS DE 150 COLLABORATIONS (PROJETS) AVEC DES INSTITUTIONS ET CHERCHEURS INTERNATIONAUX - 35 ÉTUDIANT-E-S ENCADRÉ-E-S (22 THÈSES SOUTENUES OU EN COURS - 9 MASTER SOUTENUS OU EN COURS- 3 BACHELORS - 1 TRAVAIL DE MATURITÉ) Table des matières Gestion des Collections Une collection scientifique d’importance mondiale Introduction Objectifs stratégiques et actions 1. Assurer l’intégrité et la sécurité des collections 2. Promouvoir le développement des collections et maintenir leur caractère généraliste 2.1. Développer les collections (nouvelles acquisitions) 2.2. Partager les collections (demandes de prêts) 3. Développer de nouveaux types de collections 3.1. Généralités 3.2. Développer les collections moléculaires 4. Développer et optimiser les pratiques de gestion des collections 4.1. Entretenir et informatiser les collections Recherche Un centre à la fois national et international pour la recherche en sciences naturelles Introduction Objectifs stratégiques et actions 1. Renforcer et garantir à long terme la position de muséum leader en Suisse en matière de recherche en sciences de la vie et de la Terre 1.1. Explorer (missions scientifiques) 1.2. Etudier les collections (expertises internes et externes) 1.3. Publier (chercheurs MHNG) 1.4. Publier (chercheurs externes) 1.5. Nées en 2015 / espèces nouvelles pour la science 1.6. Collaborer 2. Développer l’engagement des scientifiques en matière de partage des connaissances 2.1. Enseigner 2.2. Superviser et encadrer 2.3. Communiquer (colloques, conférences, séminaires) 2.4. Représenter (expertise pour revues scientifiques) 2.5. Représenter (sociétés scientifiques) 2.6. Représenter (visites d’autres institutions) 2.7. Transmettre (expositions, médiation, expertises et communications pour le public et les médias) Recherche et collec*ons VACANT*, conservateur-trice en chef Responsable de l’unité Recherche et collec4ons *Responsable Vertébrés Invertébrés Sciences de la Histoire des SIDoS Taxidermie et Terre sciences conservation MAMMALOGIE ET INVERTEBRES MOUGIN Christelle *, préventive ORNITHOLOGIE MARIAUX Jean *, conservateur GEOLOGIE ET FISCHER Stéphane, bibliothécaire ZUMSTEIN Jean- chargée de RUEDI Manuel *, BLASCO Isabel, PALEONTOLOGIE assistant conservateur responsable Marie*, taxidermiste conservateur recherche DEUSS Anne-Marie, CAVIN Lionel*, conservateur resp. secteur CIBOIS Alice, chargée de SCHUCHERT Peter, chargé de PIUZ André, chargé de bibliothécaire FELIX Nicolas, recherche recherche OUDOMSOUK BeTy, TARDY Emmanuel, adjoint recherche taxidermiste OTHMAN Nagwa, PROZ Pierre-Alain, spécialiste en collaboratrice technique scien4fique collaborateur scien4fique informa4on VALLOTTON Laurent, adjoint PRALONG Janik, collaboratrice scien4fique technique documentaire GRILLARD Sabrina, MINERALOGIE ET RACINE Kévin, bibliothécaire collaboratrice technique ENTOMOLOGIE II PETROGRAPHIE GNOS Edwin *, conservateur REGNIER Violaine, VACANT*, conservateur-trice employée technique HERPETOLOGIE ET CUCCODORO Giulio, chargé de SCHNYDER Cédric, ICHTYOLOGIE recherche collaborateur technique VOELIN Nathalie, bibliothécaire chargée de FISCHMULLER, SONIA*, LANDRY Bernard, chargé de secteur conservateur-trice recherche COVAIN Raphaël, adjoint PITTON Marie-ChrisPne, scien4fique préparatrice MERGUIN Alain, employé REUTELER Corinne, technicienne technique scien4fique SCHMITZ Andreas, chargé de recherche ARTHROPODES ET ENTOMOLOGIE I ARCHEOZOOLOGIE SCHWENDINGER Peter*, STUDER Jacqueline *, conservateur MONOD Lionel, chargé de conservatrice recherche CASTEL Jean-Christophe, HOLLIER John, adjoint scien4fique chargé de recherche LEHMANN GRABER ChrisPna, préparatrice 5 Gestion des collections Une collection scientifique d’importance mondiale Les collections sont le cœur des musées. Au Muséum, elles constituent la matière première de la recherche en systématique des organismes comme en sciences de la Terre. Le développement de connaissances, dont l’inventaire du monde naturel, la compréhension de son évolution et de l’importance de sa diversification, permet d’apporter des réponses concrètes aux grands défis environnementaux, mais aussi à des problématiques de conservation de la nature régionale ou locale. Avec ses collections, le Muséum est en charge d’un bien culturel, historique et scientifique d’envergure mondiale. Tout porte à croire que l’importance scientifique des collections de sciences naturelles va continuer d’augmenter au cours des prochaines décennies, en lien notamment avec les nombreuses problématiques environnementales, comme la crise de la biodiversité. Ceci nécessite le développement d’équipements et d’infrastructures adaptés ainsi que de pratiques et compétences spécialisées en gestion des collections. Objectifs stratégiques et actions : 1. Assurer l’intégrité et la sécurité des Collections Le Muséum est confronté, depuis sa création en 1820, à un problème récurrent de manque de place pour la gestion et le stockage de collections toujours croissantes. Aujourd’hui, en plus d’espaces de stockage saturés à près de 95 % de leur capacité, de nouveaux risques en matière de conditions de conservation sont identifiés et viennent s’ajouter : - Des centaines de milliers de spécimens sont conservés en alcool, ce qui représente au total près de 50’000 litres d’éthanol, soit près de 38 tonnes. La quantité totale de substances inflammables est donc supérieure au seuil de 20 tonnes défini par l’Ordonnance sur la prévention des accidents majeurs (OPAM). Le Département du patrimoine bâti de la Ville de Genève (DPBA) a confié en 2012 un mandat à un ingénieur spécialisé pour établir un rapport de risque. À la lumière des résultats de ce rapport, le Canton (DETA/SERMA) a demandé à la Ville de Genève des mesures immédiates ainsi qu’un plan d’assainissement quadriennal (2015-2019). La Ville a remis le plan d’assainissement en novembre 2014 et le SERMA a rendu sa décision le 06 mars 2015 - Les collections du Muséum sont régulièrement attaquées par des insectes ravageurs. Les conditions de stockage, notamment des températures trop élevées en été, favorisent le développement des cycles de ces insectes. Actions en 2015: 1.1 Mettre en œuvre les premières mesures du plan d’assainissement 1.2 Assurer le monitoring des pièges à insectes ravageurs 2. Promouvoir le développement des collections et maintenir leur caractère généraliste Les collections d’un muséum se constituent ou se développent par une récolte sur le terrain lors de missions scientifiques. Rappelons que, parmi les autres sources potentielles d’accroissement des collections, on trouve les dons et legs d’une part, qui sont de natures très variées et dont la réception est imprévisible et, d’autre part, les achats, avec les contraintes financières qui en découlent. Les missions scientifiques constituent un moyen fiable de développement pertinent des collections. Outre le fait que de telles missions permettent de collecter spécifiquement en fonction des projets de recherche ou d’exposition, elles garantissent également la qualité de préservation des spécimens, leur origine exacte, ainsi que le respect des conditions juridiques et éthiques de collecte. De plus, ces missions permettent d’établir des collaborations externes utiles qui contribuent à la préservation de la biodiversité tout en se révélant souvent fructueuses pour l’institution à long terme. Actions en 2015 : 2.1 Développer les collections (nouvelles acquisitions) Secteur des Invertébrés • Trématodes: Holotype, paratypes et vouchers. • Nématodes: 28 lots incluant 4 paratypes et 8 paratypes. • Cestodes: 23 lots incluant 1 holotype, 4 paratypes et 3 syntypes. • Hydrozoaires: 62 lots (Martinique et Péninsule du Kamchatka). • Mollusques: Un Tridacna gigas (Bénitier géant) de 92 kg. • Arthropodes autres que Coléoptères, Hyménoptères et Lépidoptères: 2400 spécimens (y inclus 6 spécimens type et 63 arachnides)(achat). • Coléoptères : 703 spécimens dont 1 holotype et 15 paratypes. • Lépidoptères : 131 spécimens. • Hyménoptères : 149 spécimens, dont 41 paratypes . Secteur des Vertébrés • Poissons: 407 lots de poissons (5363 spécimens) et leurs tissus (Guyane) - 6 espèces et les tissus de 8 spécimens (golfe du Morbihan) - 7 espèces et les tissus de 34 spécimens (Seymaz, cours sur la faune genevoise). - Siluriformes néotropicaux et Notobranchiidae du Kenya, y compris le futur holotype et 35 paratypes d’une espèce nouvelle, résultant d’anciennes acquisitions et de dons. • Reptiles et amphibiens: quelques spécimens d'amphibiens du Canton de Genève - 2 paratypes d’une nouvelle espèce de vipère de Kirghizistan. • Oiseaux : 414 spécimens dont : 127 spécimens montés - 254 œufs - 33 spécimens (dons divers principalement issus de la faune régionale). • Mammifères : 1308 nouveaux spécimens (quelques dons de
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