DOCSLIB.ORG

Comparison of Macrostickies Measurement Methods

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Comparison of Macrostickies Measurement Methods Contaminant Catalog Comparison of Macrostickies Measurement Methods Mahendra R. Doshi, Progress in Paper Recycling, Appleton, WI. William J. Moore, Fox Valley Technical College, Appleton, WI. R. A. Venditti, K. Copeland and H-M. Chang, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC. Hans-Joachim Putz, Chair, Paper Technology and Mechanical Process Engineering, Darmstadt, Germany. Thierry Delagoutte, Centre Technique du Papier, Fibre Resources Division, Grenoble, France. Carl Houtman, Freya Tan, Lisa Davie and Gregg Sauve, USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI. Tim Dahl and Dave Robinson, Stora Enso Duluth Recycled Pulp Mill, Duluth, MN. ABSTRACT ever, we were surprised to see excellent linear correlation among all methods for both laboratory as well as mill Pulp containing PSA was prepared in the laboratory and samples. As a result, we can conclude that any one of the blended with sticky-free pulp in four different proportions. methods seems to be suitable for monitoring stickies con- The four pulps were then dewatered and shipped to four tent but one cannot compare actual values from different laboratories for the evaluation of macro stickies in terms methods as they may vary significantly. of mm2/kg. Also, five pulp samples from specific loca- tions in a deinking mill were dewatered and shipped to the same four laboratories. KEYWORDS Methods used by these laboratories include: Adhesives, Contaminants, Enzyme, INGEDE, 1. Black ink method Macrostickies, Measurement methods, Microstickies, Re- 2. INGEDE method covered Papers, Stickies. 3. Enzyme digestion method 4. Blue dye method INTRODUCTION Details of these methods are presented in Appendices 1 to 4. All laboratories used slotted screens to separate One of the problems in paper recycling is due to stickies - macrostickies and other contaminants from the pulp. adhesives and binders used in coating, printing convert- Screen slot size varied from 80 mm to 150 mm. In addi- ing applications, labels and envelopes. The problem is tion, researchers at FPL made handsheets directly from compounded due to the variety of stickies in terms of chemi- pulp samples without a screening step. Hydrophilic black cal composition and viscoelastic behavior (1). Further- ink, hydrophobic blue dye, or carbon black was used to more, our inability to quantify them hinders the progress improve contrast between contaminants and fibers. in paper recycling. Many quantification methods have INGEDE method used alumina powder to distinguish be- been proposed but we do not yet have a rapid, reliable and tween tacky and non-tacky contaminants. Interfering fi- reproducible method for measuring the concentration of ber bundles were removed by enzyme digestion by stickies. Our objective is to compare some of the methods researchers at the CTP. All methods employed image used for the quantification of macrostickies. analysis to determine the average number and size of con- taminants. The details of the image analysis methods were We prepared synthetic stickies pulp in laboratory and not standardized. shipped to four participating laboratories for analysis. We also took samples from a deinking mill and shipped to the In view of the significant differences in the methods used same four participating laboratories for analysis. The to measure the concentration of macrostickies, it is not sample preparation procedure is described below while surprising to see considerable variations in actual values details of the measurement methods are given in the ap- of stickies area reported by the participating groups. How- pendices. Page 34 Progress in Paper Recycling / Vol. 12, No. 3, May 2003 LABORATORY SAMPLES Avery 8162 Ink Jet Labels (34 mm X 102 mm) were ap- plied to virgin bleached kraft market pulp. Pulp sheets with labels were stored for at least 24 hours followed by shredding by hand and pulping. A high consistency labo- ratory pulper with helical rotor was used to generate sticky pulp. Pulping was carried out at 14% consistency at room temperature - about 20 °C to 25 °C. The procedure was repeated but this time without labels to generate sticky- free pulp. Four pulp samples were prepared by mixing various proportions of sticky-containing pulp and sticky- free pulp as shown in Table 1. We also tried to apply hot melt to virgin pulp but it did not adhere very well. Hot melt containing sheets were pulped together with sheets containing PSA labels. However, the hot melt material came out in the form of large “plastic” pieces. This material was therefore ignored in our analy- sis. After mixing pulp samples in the proportions shown in Table 1, the samples were dewatered and stored in a cold room prior to shipping. All participants were asked to dilute each pulp sample to less than 1% consistency prior Figure 1. Block flow diagram for Stora Enso Duluth to withdrawing the necessary amount for stickies measure- Recycled Pulp Mill, Duluth, MN. (See Table 2 for the ment. All participants were requested to make description of sample points identified as PCF, PFF, LCA, macrostickies measurements in triplicate. PFA and DIP.) Table 1. Laboratory sticky pulp samples Table 2. Samples collected at Duluth Re- Weight % Weight % cycled Pulp Mill Sample Sticky Pulp Sticky-Free Pulp Mill Description Sample 1 Samples 1-Lab 100 0 PCF Primary coarse Screen Feed 2-Lab 75 25 FFF Primary Flotation Feed 3-Lab 50 50 LCA Light Cleaner Accepts 4-Lab 25 75 PFA Primary Fine Screen Accepts DIP Deinked Pulp MILL SAMPLES MACROSTICKIES MEASUREMENT METHODS Five pulp samples were collected from an office paper deinking plant in Duluth. A block flow diagram of Stora Four methods, described in detail in Appendices 1 to 4, Enso DRPM (Duluth Recycled Pulp Mill) is the same as were used to measure the concentration of macrostickies that published earlier (2) and is shown in Figure 1 to- in pulp samples. In the first method, Black Ink Method gether with sample points. Note that four of the five pulp (Appendix I), Pulmac 150 µm (0.006”) slotted screen re- samples were taken before dispersion while only one pulp jects are collected on a white filter paper and dried. The sample was taken after dispersion due to a relatively in- filter paper is then dyed with black hydrophilic ink. Cel- significant variation in macrostickies content after that lulose fibers appear black while hydrophobic stickies par- point. Samples are designated as shown in Table 2. ticles appear light colored in a black background. Samples were dewatered and shipped to all participants. As in the analysis of the laboratory samples, participants The first few steps of the INGEDE method (Appendix 2) were advised to dilute each pulp sample to less than 1% are same as the above Black Ink Method, namely, collect consistency prior to withdrawing the necessary amount for rejects on a white filter paper and dye them with water stickles measurement. All participants were requested to soluble black ink. To distinguish between sticky and non- make macrostickies measurements in triplicate. sticky particles white alumina powder is sprinkled on the Progress in Paper Recycling / Vol. 12, No. 3, May 2003 Page 35 filter paper. It is then covered with a heavy plate and dried RESULTS AND DISCUSSION in an oven to fix alumina powder to stickies. Excess alu- mina powder is then lightly brushed off and white specks Three sets of data were used to compare several against black background are measured. macrostickies analysis methods. The first two sets were generated by using the various methods to measure the I In the CTP Enzyme Method (Appendix 3), 25 g of pulp is macrostickies levels in the four laboratory-generated pulps. digested with cellulases for 12 hours. The pulp is then The area and number of stickies for these pulps are shown screened using an 80µm slotted screen plate. The screen in Tables 3 and 4. A third set of measurements was on rejects are collected on a filter paper, dried and non-tacky five pulps samples taken from process streams in the recy- contaminants are brushed off. Black carbon powder is cling mill. This data set is shown in Table 5. Results are sprinkled over the filter paper to enhance the contrast be- also displayed in Figure 2 for laboratory samples and Fig- tween stickies and the background. ure 3 for mill samples. Methods are designated as fol- lows: Hydrophobic Morplas blue dye is used by researchers at FPL (Appendix 4) to distinguish stickies from a white fi- A: Stora Enso modified INGEDE Method with air and ber background. They measure stickies on 150 µm (0.006”) brush (used only with mill samples). slotted Pulmac screen rejects as well as directly on B: Stora Enso modified INGEDE Method with air (used handsheets without the screening step. only with mill samples). C: CTP Enzyme Method. The team at the Stora Enso Duluth mill modified the D: INGEDE Method. INGEDE method by using pressurized air to blow off ex- E: Black Ink Method. cess alumina powder followed by light brushing. Image F: Blue Dye Method (using Pulmac Screen). analysis measurements were taken both before and after G: Blue Dye Method (without using Pulmac Screen). the brushing step. They used 17 g to 25 g pulp samples in a Pulmac 100 µm (0.004”) slotted screening process. The sticky area data, shown in Table 3 and Figure 2, were analyzed using linear regression, t-testing, and F-testing. The pulp samples were generated Table 3. Average sticky area (sq. mm/kg) analysis results for four laboratory- using mixtures of differing propor- generated samples using five methods. tions of sticky-containing and clean Sample % of Analysis Method pulp. Because the sample variance introduced during the production of Sample 1 C D E F G the samples was likely very small, 1-Lab 100 8,350 27,266 18,041 9,063 28,682 an assumption was made that all the 2-Lab 75 6,835 25,455 11,634 6,989 11,614 observed variance was due to the 3-Lab 50 4,450 13,679 6,894 5,316 5,199 analysis methods.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Production of Sugars, Ethanol and Tannin from Spruce Bark and Recovered Fibres
    IENCE SC • VTT SCIENCE • T S E Production of sugars, ethanol and tannin from N C O H I N spruce bark and recovered fibres S O I V Dissertation L • O S G Valorisation of forest industry-related side- and waste streams in a T 76 Y H • R G biorefinery context could help to reduce dependence on fossil I E L S H 76 E G A resources and introduce new value chains and sources of income I R H C for the forest industry. This thesis examined two abundant and H underutilized biomass streams spruce bark and recovered fibres as biorefinery feedstocks for the production of sugars, ethanol and tannin. Hot water extraction of tannins from spruce bark, steam explosion to reduce the recalcitrance of the feedstock towards hydrolytic Production of sugars, ethanol and tannin from spruce... enzymes, enzymatic hydrolysis of bark carbohydrates and fermentation of released sugars to ethanol were demonstrated and the effect of main process parameters studied. Recovered fibres were fractionated from solid recovered fuel, a standardised combustion fuel composed mainly of packaging waste, and the composition and enzymatic digestibility of the material were determined. The effect of pretreatment, solids loading and the use of surfactants on hydrolysis yield was studied. Selected steps for processing spruce bark and recovered fibres were scaled up from laboratory- to small pilot scale.The results of the work carried out in this thesis indicate that the biorefinery concepts presented for spruce bark and recovered fibres have technical potential for industrial application. Production
    [Show full text]
  • What Happens to Cellulosic Fibers During Papermaking and Recycling? a Review
    PEER-REVIEWED REVIEW ARTICLE ncsu.edu/bioresources WHAT HAPPENS TO CELLULOSIC FIBERS DURING PAPERMAKING AND RECYCLING? A REVIEW Martin A. Hubbe,* Richard A. Venditti, and Orlando J. Rojas Both reversible and irreversible changes take place as cellulosic fibers are manufactured into paper products one or more times. This review considers both physical and chemical changes. It is proposed that by understanding these changes one can make better use of cellulosic fibers at various stages of their life cycles, achieving a broad range of paper performance characteristics. Some of the changes that occur as a result of recycling are inherent to the fibers themselves. Other changes may result from the presence of various contaminants associated with the fibers as a result of manufacturing processes and uses. The former category includes an expected loss of swelling ability and decreased wet-flexibility, especially after kraft fibers are dried. The latter category includes effects of inks, de-inking agents, stickies, and additives used during previous cycles of papermaking. Keywords: Paper recycling, Drying, Deinking, Hornification, Inter-fiber bonding, Refining, Fines, Fiber length, Conformability Contact information: Department of Forest Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Box 8005, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8005, USA; *Corresponding author: [email protected] INTRODUCTION Cellulosic fibers can change significantly when formed into a wet web of paper and subsequently subjected to such processes as pressing, drying, printing, storage, repulping, and deinking. Some of the changes can be subtle. Often it is possible to substitute recovered fibers in place of virgin fibers used for the production of paper or paperboard. On the other hand, characteristic differences between recycled fibers and virgin fibers (fresh from pulping wood, not recycled) can be expected; many of these can be attributed to drying.
    [Show full text]
  • Stickies Detection Methods Macro and Micro Detailed Report
    FINAL REPORT January 31, 2003 CONTAINERBOARD GROUP AMERICAN FOREST & PAPER ASSOCIATION Project Title: Evaluation of Various Adhesive Contaminant Analysis Methods for the Use in Old Corrugated Container Recycling Plants Names of Principal Investigators: Richard A. Venditti and Hou-min Chang Institution: North Carolina State University tel. (919) 515-6185 Dept. of Wood and Paper Science fax. (919) 515-6302 Raleigh NC 27695-8005 email: [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS Page: Executive Summary 2 Introduction 3 Literature Review 4 Materials and Methods 5 Stickies Test Methods: Macro Stickies Tests 5 Stickies Test Methods: Micro Stickies Tests 8 Materials for Testing 10 Results and Discussion 12 Macro-stickies Results 12 Micro-stickies Results 17 Evaluations of Stream-lined Tests 21 Estimates of Time and Labor Necessary for the Various 22 Stickies Test Methods. Evaluation of Stickies Removal Across a Water Clarifier 24 Overall Stickies Test Methods Recommendations for 25 Various Applications in an OCC Recycle Mill Conclusions 29 Figures 30 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This project involves critically evaluating different test methods for their ability to detect stickies contaminants in old corrugated container (OCC) recycling plants. Tests were broadly classified as either macro or micro stickies test methods based on standard industrial terms. The macro stickies test methods evaluated were a bleaching and dyeing of handsheets, Port Townsend Method 1 (involves dyeing handsheets with black dye followed by image analysis), Port Townsend Method 2 (involves dyeing lab-screened rejects on filter pads with black dye followed by image analysis), Tappi Method 277 (involves pressing lab- screened rejects against a white coated material that transfers to stickies followed by image analysis), and a deposition method in which stickies are deposited onto a sample of a paper machine wire.
    [Show full text]
  • Adhesive Contaminants (Stickies) and Methods for Removal
    257 ADHESIVE CONTAMINANTS (STICKIES) AND METHODS FOR REMOVAL JOHN H. KLUNGNESS* AND MAHENDHA R. DOSHI** *USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53705 **D~shi & Associates Inc.. Marathon Engineers/Architects/Planners, Inc. Appleton, WI ABSTRACT A variety of adhesive contaminants (“stickies”) are encountered in wastepapers. They are broadly classified as hot melts, pressure-sensitive adhesives, and lattices. Their properties and control methods are discussed. Specifically, control methods include furnish selection, improved pulping end deflaking. well-designed screening end cleaning systems, and dispersion end additives to detackify or stabilize stickies, or both. A new technology is also discussed regarding it’s possible application for controlling stickie contaminants. Test methods for measuring stickies are also reviewed. INTRODUCTION Large amounts of wastepaper are generated every day in the United States and interest in its reuse has increased steadily due to environmental concerns and improved economics. In 1990, for example, 28.9 million tons of wastepaper were collected for recycling. By 1995, that amount is expected to increase to almost 40 million tons with a collection rate of almost 40% [1]. To facilitate the use of secondary fibers, sticky contaminants, or "stickies,” must be controlled [2]. CLASSIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF STICKIES Wastepaper bales usually contain extraneous materials such as sand, glass, staples, nails, inks, coatings, plastic, styrofoam, wax, EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate), SBR (styrene butadiene rubber), etc. A particularly troublesome contaminant in wastepaper is “stickies” which, in their original state, were used as paper adhesives. Inks end coatings can also be a source of stickies. Four primary components of inks include pigment, vehicle, binder, and modifier.
    [Show full text]
  • Enzymatic Stickies Control in MOW, OCC, and ONP Furnishes
    James W. Fitzhenry Philip M. Hoekstra Dan Glover Senior Development Specialist Development Group Manager Project Manager Buckman Laboratories Buckman Laboratories Buckman Laboratories 1256 N. Mclean Blvd. 1256 N. Mclean Blvd 1256 N. Mclean Blvd Memphis, TN 38108 Memphis, TN 38108 Memphis, TN 38108 . Abstract Stickies remain as one of the major obstacles in the manufacture of quality paper using recycled fiber sources such as OCC, MOW, and ONP. A combination of proper water clarification, effective screening and cleaning practices, and low impact repulping will allow for the mechanical removal of a majority of stickies. However, stickie contaminants often remain in the process even after peak mechanical efficiencies for stickies removal are attained. The chemical control of stickies is the next tool for a papermaker's use. Some new effective tools in this arena are enzymes. Enzymes are gaining wider acceptance in the pulp and paper industry for a variety of applications such as pulp mill and paper machine boilouts, deposit control by dispersion of accumulated slime, pitch control, drainage assistance as well as other uses. A recent area of research involves using enzymes for the control of stickies. This paper describes laboratory work done in the search for an enzyme that will act on stickies. Evidence of action on stickies could be shown if the enzyme reduced either the size or the number of stickies. Laboratory data has provided this evidence. We will discuss work done on a number of different furnishes, and the effect of enzymes in reduction of stickies. Introduction Secondary fiber contaminants are a major issue in most recycled mills throughout the U.S., as the amount of recycled fibers such as mixed office waste (MOW), old corrugated containers (OCC), and old newsprint (ONP) used per ton of paper produced increases across the country (1).
    [Show full text]
  • Size Distribution Analysis of Microstickies Treated by Enzyme Mixtures in Papermaking Whitewater YANAN TANG, BO LI, SHENGFANG GENG, CARL HOUTMAN, and SHUBIN WU
    PEER-REVIEWED RECYCLING Size distribution analysis of microstickies treated by enzyme mixtures in papermaking whitewater YANAN TANG, BO LI, SHENGFANG GENG, CARL HOUTMAN, AND SHUBIN WU ABSTRACT: Microstickies present a formidable challenge for papermakers. Many strategies have been explored to control them. Enzyme treatment is a promising technology, but the mechanism of its action has not been deter- mined, thus inhibiting further application of this new technology. This study investigated characteristics and size dis- tributions of microstickies treated by esterase-cellulase mixtures. Determination of particle size and number was accomplished using a modified flow cytometer, which combined streaming capillary flow, laser-based particle size analysis and fluorescent dye tracing. The results showed that treatment of samples with enzyme mixtures induced size reduction of the larger microstickies. This effect was most dramatic for 1:1 ratios of esterase to cellulase. The treated particles were more stable than untreated ones. The smaller microstickies treated with some ratios of ester- ase and cellulase tended to aggregate over time. The behaviors of microstickies treated by enzyme mixtures were only slightly affected by temperature and shearing action. The surface physicochemical characteristics of these par- ticles indicated that changes of these basic properties affected the whole whitewater system and resulted in a new equilibrium among all the particles. Application: This work provides a new method for controlling microstickies and could serve as a valuable refer- ence for the future application of enzymes in papermaking. he annual global production and consumption of and flotation [20,21]. Removal of the smaller stickies (70%– Tpaper and paperboard have recently reached almost 90% of stickies) is challenging [8].
    [Show full text]
  • Paper Recycling Technology Detailed Part 3
    Lecture Refining of Recovered Fibers Several Slides Courtesy of Dr. Med Byrd. What is Refining? Refining is a physical treatment performed on pulp fibers to improve their papermaking characteristics It is essential to the production of strong, smooth, useful paper Several Slides Courtesy of Dr. Med Byrd. Why do we need refining? Increasing bonding area by: Collapsing hollow cell walls into flat ribbons Fraying the fiber surface – “fibrillation” Making the fibers more flexible and conformable, delaminating the wall Cutting some of the longer fibers into smaller lengths to help formation Courtesy of M. Hubbe Refining The effects of refining on freeness, density, tear index, and tensile index in virgin bleached kraft pulps Secondary Fibers, Tappi Fiber Structure Thin primary wall (P), which is delicate and easily removed Secondary wall has three layers S1 – thin and not easily wetted S2 – 70-85% of total mass; easily wetted and swollen S3 - thin, waxy, warty Secondary Fibers, Tappi Fiber Structure Refining damages and removes the Primary and S1 wall layers, exposing the S2 layer Once the S2 layer is exposed and swollen, mechanical action causes the layer to delaminate and collapse Mechanical action also fibrillates the surface, cuts some fibers, and makes them less stiff and more Photomicrograph showing a refined fiber conformable with fibrillation on the surface Refining: Subprocesses The Refining Action The mechanical action required for proper refining is not a simple brushing, cutting, grinding or pounding Rather,
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Characterization and Enzymatic Control of Stickies in Kraft Paper Production
    polymers Article Chemical Characterization and Enzymatic Control of Stickies in Kraft Paper Production Lourdes Ballinas-Casarrubias 1, Guillermo González-Sánchez 2, Salvador Eguiarte-Franco 1, Tania Siqueiros-Cendón 1 , Sergio Flores-Gallardo 2 , Eduardo Duarte Villa 3, Miguel de Dios Hernandez 3, Beatriz Rocha-Gutiérrez 1 and Quintín Rascón-Cruz 1,* 1 Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario s/n, Campus Universitario No. 2, Chihuahua C.P. 31125, Mexico; [email protected] (L.B.-C.); [email protected] (S.E.-F.); [email protected] (T.S.-C.); [email protected] (B.R.-G.) 2 Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C. Laboratorio Nacional de Nanotecnología, Miguel de Cervantes No. 120, Chihuahua C.P. 31109, Mexico; [email protected] (G.G.-S.); sergio.fl[email protected] (S.F.-G.) 3 Grupo COPAMEX, Ave. de la Juventud no. 280, San Nicolás de los Garza C.P. 66450, Mexico; [email protected] (E.D.V.); [email protected] (M.d.D.H.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 October 2019; Accepted: 12 December 2019; Published: 20 January 2020 Abstract: Paper recycling has increased in recent years. A principal consequence of this process is the problem of addressing some polymeric components known as stickies. A deep characterization of stickies sampled over one year in a recycled paper industry in México was performed. Based on their chemical structure, an enzymatic assay was performed using lipases. Compounds found in stickies by Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry were poly (butyl-acrylate), dioctyl phthalate, poly (vinyl-acetate), and poly (vinyl-acrylate).
    [Show full text]
  • Tackiness Reducing of the Stickies Surfaces by Inorganic Agents and Organic Polymers
    WOOD RESEARCH 63 (6): 2018 1013-1020 TACKINESS REDUCING OF THE STICKIES SURFACES BY INORGANIC AGENTS AND ORGANIC POLYMERS Vladimir Kuna, Jozef Balbercak, Andrej Pazitny, Albert Russ, Stefan Bohacek Pulp and Paper Research Institute Bratislava, Slovak Republic Vladimir Ihnat Slovak Forest Products Research Institute Bratislava, Slovak Republic (Received April 2018) ABSTRACT This paper present the results of application of inorganic minerals and organic polymers for elimination of sticky impurities "macrostickies" in the processing of recovered paper. The impact of individual agents has been monitored on different species of suspensions. On the dark suspension of recycled fibres VL5 with a brightness 53% ISO and an ash content of 17.6%, and the suspension VL1 with a brightness 64% ISO and an ash content of 29.4%. From inorganic minerals, the highest efficiency was achieved in the elimination of macrostickies using bentonite Hydrocol OT. At a dose of 5 kg bentonite.t-1 b.d. recycled fibres efficiency of 65.1% for suspension VL5 and 58.7% for VL1 was achieved. The highest performance of the Acefloc 2550 was achieved from the polymers. When applied to the VL5 suspension, the macrostickies were reduced by 57.1%, and when applied to the VL1 suspension, the macrostickies content dropped by 56.5%. KEYWORDS: Macrostickies, organic polymers, inorganic fillers, average particle size, montmorillonite. INTRODUCTION Increasing the recycling of paper also increases the content of impurities and undesirable substances in the recovered paper (Kuňa et al. 2016), thereby deteriorating its quality. There are various sources and types of impurities in the recovered paper (Holik 2000). These are various microbiological impurities, insoluble impurities such as adhesives, resins, fillers, wet strength agents, and soluble colloidal materials such as coatings, latexes, which combine a variety of sticky impurities called micro and macrostickies.
    [Show full text]
  • Enzymatic Removal of Stickie Contaminants
    ENZYMATIC REMOVAL OF STICKIE binders, and high lignin-containing fibers are some sources CONTAMINANTS of stickies that appear during reprocessing wastepapers. Postal stamps, address labels, post-it notes, and self-seal Marguerite S. Sykes John H. Klungness envelopes are among the most common sources of PSAs in Forest Products Technologist Chemical Engineer office papers. The use of PSAs is increasing rapidly; corre- Freya Tan Said Abubakr spondingly, the stickie problem is escalating. Chemical Engineer Supervisory Chemical Engineer USDA Forest Service USDA Forest Service 1 Stickies precipitate on process equipment, redeposit on pulp Forest Products Laboratory Forest Products Laboratory fibers, or pass into process water, only to agglomerate unex- Madison, WI 53705-2398 Madison, WI 53705-2398 pectedly and deposit when least desired or expected. In all cases, stickies contaminate pulp, cause mill shut-downs as a result of fouling of machinery, and cause breaks in the paper ABSTRACT during papermaking or printing. Control of stickies is a costly mill problem (4) that is growing to epidemic propor- tions. Problems associated with stickies are limiting the use Stickie contaminants are a costly problem for both recyclers of recycled fiber now that there is little competitive of market pulp and the papermakers using it. Increased use of economic edge over using virgin fiber. pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) has compounded this problem in recycled furnishes. Preliminary laboratory ex- Contaminants, including stickies, are removed most effec- periments using commercially available enzyme preparations tively when they are large enough to be screened out of pulp at the ambient pH of the paper furnish (neutral pH range) slurries, have a density suitable for removal in cleaners, or have resulted in a significant reduction of all residual con- are hydrophobic enough and of the appropriate size to be taminants, including stickies.
    [Show full text]
  • Us 2019 / 0177913 A1
    US 20190177913A1 ( 19) United States (12 ) Patent Application Publication ( 10) Pub . No. : US 2019 /0177913 A1 Basilio et al. ( 43 ) Pub . Date : Jun . 13 , 2019 ( 54 ) REMOVAL OF STICKIES IN THE 2) U . S . CI. RECYCLING OF PAPER AND PAPERBOARD CPC . .. .. .. .. D21C 5 /022 ( 2013 .01 ) ; D214 1 /00 ( 2013. 01 ); D21H 11/ 14 ( 2013 .01 ) (71 ) Applicant: Thiele Kaolin Company, Sandersville , GA (US ) (72 ) Inventors : Cesar I . Basilio , Milledgeville , GA (57 ) ABSTRACT (US ) ; Steven W . Sheppard , Sandersville , GA (US ) Removal of stickies from waste paper and paperboard is obtained with the use of a modified kaolin -based stickies (21 ) Appl. No. : 15 /834 , 497 removal composition . The modified kaolin - based stickies ( 22) Filed : Dec . 7 , 2017 removal composition is produced by modifying the kaolin clay, separating the modified kaolin clay from the non Publication Classification reactive kaolin clay, and then adding a nonionic surfactant to (51 ) Int. Ci. the modified kaolin -based particles . Removal of stickies is D21C 5 / 02 ( 2006 .01 ) improved by the use of this modified kaolin -based stickies D21H 11/ 14 (2006 . 01) removal composition during the recycling of the waste paper D21 ) 1 / 00 ( 2006 . 01 ) and paperboard . US 2019 /0177913 A1 Jun . 13 , 2019 REMOVAL OF STICKIES IN THE ies control in which stickies are removed from the product RECYCLING OF PAPER AND PAPERBOARD would be a superior solution than those presented in the prior art, because such a method would not involve the use of TECHNICAL FIELD additional chemicals, polymers, dispersants or other addi [ 0001] The present invention relates to the removal of tives , at an additional production cost , and would provide a stickies from waste paper and paperboard .
    [Show full text]
  • TAPPI Standards: Regulations and Style Guidelines
    TAPPI Standards: Regulations and Style Guidelines REVISED January 2018 1 Preface This manual contains the TAPPI regulations and style guidelines for TAPPI Standards. The regulations and guidelines are developed and approved by the Quality and Standards Management Committee with the advice and consent of the TAPPI Board of Directors. NOTE: Throughout this manual, “Standards” used alone as a noun refers to ALL categories of Standards. For specific types, the word “Standard” is used as an adjective, e.g., “Standard Test Method,” “Standard Specification,” “Standard Glossary,” or “Standard Guideline.” If you are a Working Group Chairman preparing a Standard or reviewing an existing Standard, you will find the following important information in this manual: • How to write a Standard Test Method using proper terminology and format (Section 7) • How to write TAPPI Standard Specifications, Glossaries, and Guidelines using proper terminology and format (Section 8) • What requirements exist for precision statements in Official and Provisional Test Methods (Sections 4.1.1.1, 4.1.1.2, 6.4.5, 7.4.17). • Use of a checklist to make sure that all required sections have been included in a Standard draft (Appendix 4). • How Working Group Chairman, Working Groups, and Standard-Specific Interest Groups fit into the process of preparing a Standard (Section 6.3, 6.4.1, 6.4.2, 6.4.3, 6.4.4, 6.4.6, 6.4.7). • How the balloting process works (Sections 6.4.6, 6.4.7, 6.4.8, 6.4.9) • How to resolve comments and negative votes (Sections 9.5, 9.6, 9.7) NOTE: This document covers only the regulations for TAPPI Standards, which may include Test Methods or other types of Standards as defined in these regulations.
    [Show full text]