Freenas® 11.2-U3 User Guide
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FreeNAS® 11.2-U3 User Guide FreeNAS® is © 2011-2019 iXsystems FreeNAS® and the FreeNAS® logo are registered trademarks of iXsystems FreeBSD® is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation Written by users of the FreeNAS® network-attached storage operating system. Version 11.2 Copyright © 2011-2019 iXsystems (https://www.ixsystems.com/) CONTENTS Welcome ......................................................... 8 Typographic Conventions ................................................ 10 1 Introduction 11 1.1 New Features in 11.2 ............................................... 11 1.2 Changes Since 11.2 ................................................ 13 1.2.1 RELEASE-U1 ................................................ 14 1.2.2 U2 ..................................................... 14 1.2.3 U3 ..................................................... 15 1.3 Path and Name Lengths ............................................. 15 1.4 Hardware Recommendations .......................................... 16 1.4.1 RAM .................................................... 16 1.4.2 The Operating System Device ...................................... 17 1.4.3 Storage Disks and Controllers ...................................... 18 1.4.4 Network Interfaces ............................................ 18 1.5 Getting Started with ZFS ............................................. 19 2 Installing and Upgrading 20 2.1 Getting FreeNAS® ................................................. 20 2.2 Preparing the Media ............................................... 20 2.2.1 On FreeBSD or Linux ........................................... 21 2.2.2 On Windows ............................................... 21 2.2.3 macOS ................................................... 21 2.3 Performing the Installation ............................................ 22 2.4 Installation Troubleshooting ........................................... 29 2.5 Upgrading ..................................................... 30 2.5.1 Caveats .................................................. 30 2.5.2 Initial Preparation ............................................ 30 2.5.3 Upgrading Using the ISO ......................................... 31 2.5.4 Upgrading From the GUI ......................................... 34 2.5.5 If Something Goes Wrong ........................................ 34 2.5.6 Upgrading a ZFS Pool .......................................... 36 2.6 Virtualization .................................................... 37 2.6.1 VirtualBox ................................................. 37 2.6.2 VMware ESXi ............................................... 48 3 Booting 55 3.1 Obtaining an IP Address ............................................. 56 3.2 Logging In ..................................................... 57 3.3 Initial Configuration ................................................ 58 4 Account 59 4.1 Groups ....................................................... 59 4.2 Users ........................................................ 62 3 5 System 66 5.1 Information .................................................... 66 5.2 General ....................................................... 67 5.3 Boot ......................................................... 70 5.3.1 Mirroring the Boot Device ........................................ 72 5.4 Advanced ...................................................... 73 5.4.1 Autotune ................................................. 75 5.4.2 Self-Encrypting Drives .......................................... 75 5.5 Email ........................................................ 77 5.6 System Dataset .................................................. 78 5.7 Tunables ...................................................... 79 5.8 Update ....................................................... 82 5.8.1 Preparing for Updates .......................................... 82 5.8.2 Updates and Trains ........................................... 82 5.8.3 Checking for Updates .......................................... 83 5.8.4 Applying Updates ............................................. 83 5.8.5 Manual Updates ............................................. 84 5.9 Cloud Credentials ................................................. 84 5.10 Alerts ........................................................ 87 5.11 Alert Services ................................................... 88 5.11.1 How it Works ............................................... 89 5.12 CAs ......................................................... 90 5.13 Certificates ..................................................... 92 5.14 Support ....................................................... 95 6 Tasks 98 6.1 Cloud Sync ..................................................... 98 6.1.1 Cloud Sync Example ........................................... 101 6.2 Cron Jobs ...................................................... 103 6.3 Init/Shutdown Scripts ............................................... 105 6.4 Rsync Tasks .................................................... 106 6.4.1 Rsync Module Mode ........................................... 110 6.4.2 Rsync over SSH Mode .......................................... 110 6.5 S.M.A.R.T. Tests .................................................. 113 7 Network 116 7.1 Global Configuration ............................................... 116 7.2 Interfaces ..................................................... 118 7.3 IPMI ......................................................... 120 7.4 Link Aggregations ................................................. 122 7.4.1 LACP, MPIO, NFS, and ESXi ....................................... 122 7.4.2 Creating a Link Aggregation ....................................... 123 7.5 Network Summary ................................................ 126 7.6 Static Routes .................................................... 126 7.7 VLANs ........................................................ 126 8 Storage 128 8.1 Swap Space .................................................... 128 8.2 Volumes ...................................................... 128 8.2.1 Volume Manager ............................................. 129 8.2.1.1 Encryption ............................................ 131 8.2.1.2 Encryption Performance .................................... 131 8.2.1.3 Manual Setup .......................................... 132 8.2.1.4 Extending a ZFS Volume .................................... 133 8.2.2 Change Permissions ........................................... 134 8.2.3 Create Dataset .............................................. 136 8.2.3.1 Deduplication .......................................... 138 8.2.3.2 Compression ........................................... 139 8.2.4 Create zvol ................................................ 139 8.2.5 Import Disk ................................................ 141 8.2.6 Import Volume .............................................. 142 8.2.6.1 Importing an Encrypted Pool .................................. 142 8.2.7 View Disks ................................................. 143 8.2.8 Volumes .................................................. 145 8.2.8.1 Managing Encrypted Volumes ................................. 147 8.2.8.2 Additional Controls for Encrypted Volumes ......................... 148 8.2.9 View Multipaths .............................................. 151 8.2.10 Replacing a Failed Drive ......................................... 151 8.2.10.1 Replacing an Encrypted Drive ................................. 153 8.2.10.2 Removing a Log or Cache Device ............................... 153 8.2.11 Replacing Drives to Grow a ZFS Pool .................................. 153 8.2.12 Adding Spares .............................................. 154 8.3 Periodic Snapshot Tasks ............................................. 154 8.4 Replication Tasks ................................................. 156 8.4.1 Examples: Common Configuration ................................... 156 8.4.1.1 Alpha (Source) .......................................... 156 8.4.1.2 Beta (Destination) ........................................ 157 8.4.2 Example: FreeNAS® to FreeNAS® Semi-Automatic Setup ...................... 157 8.4.3 Example: FreeNAS® to FreeNAS® Dedicated User Replication ................... 159 8.4.4 Example: FreeNAS® to FreeNAS® or Other Systems, Manual Setup ................ 160 8.4.4.1 Encryption Keys ......................................... 160 8.4.5 Replication Options ........................................... 163 8.4.6 Replication Encryption .......................................... 164 8.4.7 Limiting Replication Times ........................................ 164 8.4.8 Troubleshooting Replication ...................................... 164 8.4.8.1 SSH ................................................ 164 8.4.8.2 Compression ........................................... 165 8.4.8.3 Manual Testing .......................................... 165 8.5 Resilver Priority .................................................. 165 8.6 Scrubs ....................................................... 166 8.7 Snapshots ..................................................... 169 8.7.1 Browsing a snapshot collection ..................................... 171 8.8 VMware-Snapshot ................................................. 171 9 Directory Services 173 9.1 Active Directory .................................................. 173 9.1.1 Troubleshooting Tips ........................................... 177 9.1.2 If the