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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-22277-8 - Love’s Labour’s Lost Edited by William C. Carroll Frontmatter More information

THE NEW CAMBRIDGE SHAKESPEARE

general editor Brian Gibbons, University of M¨unster

associate general editor A. R. Braunmuller, University of California, Los Angeles

From the publication of the ﬁrst volumes in 1984 the General Editor of the New Cambridge Shakespeare was Philip Brockbank and the Associate General Editors were Brian Gibbons and Robin Hood. From 1990 to 1994 the General Editor was Brian Gibbons and the Associate General Editors were A. R. Braunmuller and Robin Hood.

LOVE’S LABOUR’S LOST

Love’s Labour’s Lost, the first work to bear Shakespeare’s name on its title page, differs greatly from his other early plays, both for its highly unorthodox ending and for its extraordinary use of language. This new edition presents a highly readable, modernized text of the play, freshly edited from the first quarto published in 1598. A thorough but concise scholarly and critical commentary provides exciting new perspectives on Love’s Labour’s Lost, and a comprehensive introduction discusses the significant elements of the play and its place in theatrical history. New critical trends are reflected in the special attention paid to the play’s performance history since 1950, including films and adaptations, with illustrations of several productions. Engaging and illuminating, this will be an invaluable guide for seasoned scholars as well as students approaching the play for the first time.

THE NEW CAMBRIDGE SHAKESPEARE

All’s Well That Ends Well, edited by Russell Fraser Antony and Cleopatra, edited by David Bevington As You Like It, edited by Michael Hattaway The Comedy of Errors,editedbyT.S.Dorsch Coriolanus, edited by Lee Bliss Cymbeline, edited by Martin Butler Hamlet, edited by Philip Edwards Julius Caesar, edited by Marvin Spevack King Edward III, edited by Giorgio Melchiori The First Part of King Henry IV, edited by Herbert Weil and Judith Weil The Second Part of King Henry IV, edited by Giorgio Melchiori King Henry V, edited by Andrew Gurr The First Part of King Henry VI, edited by Michael Hattaway The Second Part of King Henry VI, edited by Michael Hattaway The Third Part of King Henry VI, edited by Michael Hattaway King Henry VIII, edited by John Margeson King John, edited by L. A. Beaurline The Tragedy of King Lear, edited by Jay L. Halio King Richard II, edited by Andrew Gurr King Richard III, edited by Janis Lull Love’s Labour’s Lost, edited by William C. Carroll Macbeth, edited by A. R. Braunmuller Measure for Measure, edited by Brian Gibbons The Merchant of Venice, edited by M. M. Mahood The Merry Wives of Windsor, edited by David Crane A Midsummer Night’s Dream, edited by R. A. Foakes Much Ado About Nothing, edited by F.H. Mares Othello, edited by Norman Sanders Pericles, edited by Doreen DelVecchio and Antony Hammond The Poems, edited by John Roe Romeo and Juliet, edited by G. Blakemore Evans The Sonnets, edited by G. Blakemore Evans The Taming of the Shrew, edited by Ann Thompson The Tempest, edited by David Lindley Timon of Athens, edited by Karl Klein Titus Andronicus, edited by Alan Hughes Troilus and Cressida, edited by Anthony B. Dawson Twelfth Night, edited by Elizabeth Story Donno The Two Gentlemen of Verona, edited by Kurt Schlueter The Winter’s Tale, edited by Susan Snyder and Deborah T. Curren-Aquino

the early quartos The First Quarto of Hamlet, edited by Kathleen O. Irace The First Quarto of King Henry V, edited by Andrew Gurr The First Quarto of King Lear, edited by Jay L. Halio The First Quarto of King Richard III, edited by Peter Davison The First Quarto of Othello, edited by Scott McMillin The First Quarto of Romeo and Juliet, edited by Lukas Erne The Taming of a Shrew: The 1594 Quarto, edited by Stephen Roy Miller

LOVE’S LABOUR’S LOST

Edited by WILLIAM C. CARROLL Boston University

cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao˜ Paulo, Delhi Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 8ru,UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York

www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521294317

C Cambridge University Press 2009

First published 2009

Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge

A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Shakespeare, William, 1564–1616. Love’s labour’s lost / edited by William C. Carroll. p. cm. – (The new Cambridge Shakespeare) Includes bibliographical references. isbn 978-0-521-22277-8 – isbn 978-0-521-29431-7 (pbk.) 1. Navarre (Kingdom) – Drama. 2. Courts and courtiers – Drama. 3. Shakespeare, William, 1564–1616. Love’s labour’s lost. I. Carroll, William C., 1945– II. Title. III. Series. pr2822.a2c37 2009 822.33 –dc22 2009011363

isbn 978-0-521-22277-8 hardback isbn 978-0-521-29431-7 paperback

Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.

CONTENTS

List of illustrations page vii Acknowledgements ix List of abbreviations and conventions xi Introduction 1 Approaches to the play 1 Male friendship and heterosexual desire 1 Women, property, vision 4 Language 8 Representations of the court 10 Stagecraft: three metadramatic scenes 13 The ending 22 Date and occasion 23 Sources and historical contexts 29 The French Academy and humanist thought 29 The School of Night 31 Sidney, Lyly, and the literary scene of the 1590s 33 Early history to 1632 36 Publication, performance, and appropriation 36 Love’s Labour’s Won 39 The Passionate Pilgrim and England’s Helicon 40 Performance and appropriation, 1632 to the present 42 Note on the text 55 List of characters 58 THE PLAY 61 Supplementary notes 178 Textual analysis 181

Contents vi

Appendix 1 195 Appendix 2 196 Appendix 3 198 Appendix 4 200 Reading list 203

ILLUSTRATIONS

1 Possible staging of Act 4, Scene 3. Drawing by C. Walter Hodges. page 14 2 Act 4, Scene 3, Nicholas Martin’s production, The Huntington Theatre, 2006. Photograph courtesy of T. Charles Erickson 15 3 Possible staging of Act 5, Scene 2, the Masque of Muscovites. Drawing by C. Walter Hodges. 17 4 Act 5, Scene 2, the Masque of Muscovites, David Jones’s production, Royal Shakespeare Theatre, 1975. Photograph: Reg Wilson. Copyright Royal Shakespeare Company (1975). 18 5 Title page, Giles Fletcher, The History of Russia, 1643. By permission of the Folger Shakespeare Library. 19 6 Act 5, Scene 2, The Pageant of the Nine Worthies, Barry Kyle’s production, Royal Shakespeare Theatre, 1985. Photograph: Reg Wilson. Copyright Royal Shakespeare Company (1985). 21 7 Setting for the final songs (Act 5, Scene 2), John Barton’s production, Royal Shakespeare Theatre, 1978. Photograph: Joe Cocks Studio Collection. Copyright Shakespeare Birthplace Trust (1978). 24 8 The Pedant, Edward Forset, Pedantius, 1631. By permission of the Folger Shakespeare Library. 35 9 Paul Scofield as Armado, in Peter Brook’s production, Royal Shakespeare Theatre, 1946. Photograph: Angus McBean. Copyright Royal Shakespeare Company (1946). 46 10 Set design for the final scene, Peter Brook’s production, Royal Shakespeare Theatre, 1946. Photograph: Angus McBean. Copyright Royal Shakespeare Company (1946). 47 11 From left: Alicia Silverstone, Matthew Lillard, Carmen Ejogo, Adrian Lester, Emily Mortimer, Kenneth Branagh, Natascha McElhone, Kenneth Branagh’s film, Miramax Films, 2000. Photographer: Laurie Sparham; by permission of Miramax/ Photofest. 50 12 Set design for Trevor Nunn’s production, The Royal National Theatre, 2003. Photograph courtesy of Geraint Lewis. 51

vii

List of illustrations viii

13 The play in the ruins of the Babur Garden, Corinne Jaber’s production, Kabul, Afghanistan, 2005. Photograph courtesy of AP Images Tomas Munita. 53 14 The title page of q1, Love’s Labour’s Lost, 1598. By permission of the Folger Shakespeare Library. 182 15 Detail of q1, Love’s Labour’s Lost, k2v, 1598. By permission of the Folger Shakespeare Library. 191 16 Detail of f, Mr. William Shakespeares comedies, histories & tragedies, m6v (p. 144). By permission of the Folger Shakespeare Library. 191

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

MyinterestinLove’sLabour’sLostbeganmanyyearsago,asthefocusofmydissertation. After completing that project, two events followed that changed how I have viewed and understood the play. The first was my good fortune to be able to see the great John Barton production in 1979, when it had transferred to London. Having focussed on the play’s language and themes in my previous work, I was quite unprepared to discover how funny,touching, dramatic, and profound the play could be on the stage. I have seen many other productions since, and while many have been extremely good, I now realise just how extraordinary Barton’s was. It made me fully aware of the play’s dramatic possibilities for the first time. The second event, or events, was the series of major editions of the play published since I first worked on it, then using Richard David’s Arden Second Series edition. The editorial work of John Kerrigan, David Bevington, G. R. Hibbard, Stanley Wells, and H. R. Woudhuysen, along with the series of penetrating articles by Paul Werstine and Manfred Draudt, has clarified for all who follow them the many difficult textual issues in the play. In the process of working on my own edition, I have benefited enormously from the scrupulous oversight and suggestions of Brian Gibbons, General Editor of the New Cambridge Shakespeare, and I am grateful to Al Braunmuller, the Associate General Editor, for inviting me to take on this edition and for his helpful observations. In terms of editorial models, finally, I gladly also acknowledge Richard Proudfoot, who offered helpful advice and whose own work on the play is, as with everything he does, deeply informed. My friend and colleague James R. Siemon constantly proved helpful and thoughtful, and I have learned greatly from him over the years. The scrupulous stage history of this play by Miriam Gilbert, published in 1993, has proved to be essential; my comments on performances since 1990, and some earlier performances, simply build on her fine work. I also wish to thank Rebecca Jones and Sarah Stanton at Cambridge Univer- sity Press, and the professional staffs at the Shakespeare Centre Library, Stratford- upon-Avon, and the Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, D.C., for their assistance. The professionals at the Folger, where much of the work on this edition was done, deserve my special thanks for their assistance, collegiality, and patience: Gail Kern Paster, Barbara Mowat, Richard Kuhta, Georgianna Ziegler, Bettina Smith, Betsy Walsh, and everyone who works in the Reading Room. Parts of the Introduc- tion began life as papers for seminars at the 2006 International Shakespeare Con- ference in Stratford-upon-Avon, chaired by Nora Johnson; the 2007 Shakespeare Association of America conference in San Diego, chaired by Patrick Cheney and Lukas Erne; and the 2008 Shakespeare Association of America conference in Dallas,

Acknowledgements x

chaired by David Schalkwyk. My thanks to all of them, and to my interlocutors in those seminars. Above all, my thanks to my wife Carol and son David for their support and patience.

Boston, 2008

ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVENTIONS

1. Shakespeare’s works The abbreviated titles of Shakespeare’s plays and poems have been modiﬁed from those used in the Harvard Concordance of Shakespeare.

Ado Much Ado About Nothing Ant. Antony and Cleopatra AWW All’s Well That Ends Well AYLI As You Like It Cor. Coriolanus Cym. Cymbeline Err. The Comedy of Errors Ham. Hamlet 1H4 The First Part of King Henry the Fourth 2H4 The Second Part of King Henry the Fourth H5 King Henry the Fifth 1H6 The First Part of King Henry the Sixth 2H6 The Second Part of King Henry the Sixth 3H6 The Third Part of King Henry the Sixth H8 King Henry the Eighth JC Julius Caesar John King John LLL Love’s Labour’s Lost Lear King Lear Luc. The Rape of Lucrece Mac. Macbeth MM Measure for Measure MND A Midsummer Night’s Dream MV The Merchant of Venice Oth. Othello Per. Pericles R2 King Richard the Second R3 King Richard the Third Rom. Romeo and Juliet Shr. The Taming of the Shrew Son. Sonnets STM Sir Thomas More Temp. The Tempest TGV The Two Gentlemen of Verona Tim. Timon of Athens Tit. Titus Andronicus TN Twelfth Night TNK The Two Noble Kinsmen

Abbreviations and conventions xii

Tro. Troilus and Cressida Wiv. The Merry Wives of Windsor WT The Winter’s Tale

2. Editions and adaptations All quotations and line references to Shakespeare’s works are to G. Blakemore Evans (Gen. ed. with the assistance of J. J. M. Tobin), The Riverside Shakespeare (second edition), 1997. Other editions of Shakespeare are abbreviated under the editor’s surname (e.g. Capell) unless they are the work of more than one editor. In such cases, an abbreviated series title is used (e.g. Cam.). When more than one edition by the same editor is cited, later editions are discriminated with a raised ﬁgure (e.g. Theobald2).

Bevington David Bevington, ed., Complete Works, 4th edn, 1992 Cam. The Works of William Shakespeare, ed. W. G. Clark and W. A. Wright, ‘2nd edn’, 9 vols., 1891–93 (Cambridge Shakespeare) Capell Mr William Shakespeare, his Comedies, Histories, and Tragedies, ed. Edward Capell, 10 vols., 1767–8 Capell2 Notes and Various Readings to Shakespeare, 1774 Collier The Works of William Shakespeare, ed. J. Payne Collier, 8 vols., 1842–4 Collier2 The Plays of Shakespeare, ed. J. Payne Collier, 1853 David Love’s Labour’s Lost, ed. Richard David, rev. edn, 1956 (The Arden Shakespeare, second series) Dyce The Works of William Shakespeare, ed. Alexander Dyce, 6 vols., 1857 Dyce2 The Works of William Shakespeare, ed. Alexander Dyce, 9 vols., 1864–7 EH England’s Helicon, 1600 (ﬁrst edition) EH2 England’s Helicon, 1614 (second edition) f Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, and Tragedies, 1623 (First Folio) f2 Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories and Tragedies, 1632 (Second Folio) f3 Mr. William Shakespear’s Comedies, Histories, and Tragedies, 1663–4 (Third Folio) f4 Mr. William Shakespear’s Comedies, Histories, and Tragedies, 1685 (Fourth Folio) Folger Love’s Labour’s Lost, ed. Barbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstine, 1996 (New Folger Library Shakespeare) Furness Love’s Labour’s Lost, rev. edn, ed. H. H. Furness, Jr, 1904 (New Variorum) Halliwell The Works of William Shakespeare, ed. James O. Halliwell, 16 vols., 1865 Hanmer The Works of Shakespear, ed. Thomas Hanmer, 6 vols., 1743–4 Hart Love’s Labour’s Lost, ed. H. C. Hart, 1906 (The Arden Shakespeare, ﬁrst series) Hibbard Love’s Labour’s Lost, ed. G. R. Hibbard, 1994 (The Oxford Shakespeare) Holland Love’s Labor’s Lost, ed. Peter Holland, 2000 (The Pelican Shakespeare) Hudson The Works of Shakespeare, ed. H. N. Hudson, 11 vols., 1851–9 Johnson The Plays of William Shakespeare, ed. Samuel Johnson, 8 vols., 1765

xiii Abbreviations and conventions

Keightley The Plays of William Shakespeare, ed. Thomas Keightley, 6 vols., 1864 Kerrigan Love’s Labour’s Lost, ed. John Kerrigan, 1982 (The New Penguin Shakespeare) Kittredge The Complete Works of Shakespeare, ed. G. L. Kittredge, 1936 Knight The Pictorial Edition of the Works of Shakespeare, ed. Charles Knight, 6 vols., 1841 Malone The Plays and Poems of William Shakespeare, ed. Edmond Malone, 10 vols. 1790 NS Love’s Labour’s Lost, ed. John Dover Wilson, 2nd edn, 1962 (The New Shakespeare) Oxford William Shakespeare: The Complete Works, gen. eds. Stanley Wells and Gary Taylor, 1986; collations and apparatus for this edition appear in the Textual Companion Pope The Works of Shakespear, ed. Alexander Pope, 6 vols., 1723–5 Pope2 The Works of Shakespear, ed. Alexander Pope, 8 vols., 1728 PP The Passionate Pilgrim, 1599 (ﬁrst edition) PP2 The Passionate Pilgrim, 1599 (second edition) PP3 The Passionate Pilgrim, 1612 (third edition) q0 Love’s Labour’s Lost, 1597 (hypothetical early quarto) q1 Love’s Labour’s Lost, 1598 (ﬁrst quarto) q2 Love’s Labour’s Lost, 1631 (second quarto) Ridley Love’s Labour’s Lost, ed. M. R. Ridley, 1934 Riverside The Riverside Shakespeare, textual. ed. G. B. Evans, 1974; 2nd edn, 1997 Rowe The Works of Mr William Shakespear, ed. Nicholas Rowe, 6 vols., 1709 Rowe2 The Works of Mr William Shakespear, ed. Nicholas Rowe, 6 vols., 1709 Rowe3 The Works of Mr William Shakespear, ed. Nicholas Rowe, 9 vols., 1714 Singer The Dramatic Works of William Shakespeare, ed. Samuel Weller Singer, 10 vols., 1826 Singer2 The Dramatic Works of William Shakespeare, ed. Samuel Weller Singer, 2nd edn, 10 vols., 1856 Steevens The Plays of William Shakespeare, ed. Samuel Johnson and George Steevens, 10 vols., 1773 Steevens2 The Plays of William Shakespeare, ed. Samuel Johnson and George Steevens, 10 vols., 1778 Textual Companion William Shakespeare: A Textual Companion, ed. Stanley Wells et al., 1987 Theobald The Works of Shakespeare, ed. Lewis Theobald, 7 vols., 1733 Theobald2 The Works of Shakespeare, ed. Lewis Theobald, 8 vols., 1740 Warburton The Works of Shakespear, ed. William Warburton, 8 vols., 1747 Woudhuysen Love’s Labour’s Lost, ed. H. R. Woudhuysen, 1998 (The Arden Shakespeare, third series)

3. Other works, periodicals, general references Quotations from the Bible are from the 1560 Geneva translation. Quotations from early modern texts have been silently modernised (u/v, i/j), except in the collation.

Abbott E. A. Abbott, A Shakespearian Grammar, 3rd edn, 1870; references are to numbered sections AEB Analytical and Enumerative Bibliography

Abbreviations and conventions xiv

Arber E. Arber, A Transcript of the Registers of the Company of Stationers of London 1554–1640, 5 vols., 1875–94 Asp Carolyn Asp, ‘Love’s Labour’s Lost: Language and the Deferral of Desire’, Literature and Psychology 35.3 (1989), 1–21 Baldwin, Won T. W. Baldwin, Shakspere’s ‘Love’s Labor’s Won’, 1957 Baldwin, Small T. W. Baldwin, William Shakspere’s Small Latine & Lesse Greeke, 2 vols., 1944 Barber C. L. Barber, Shakespeare’s Festive Comedy, 1959 Barton Anne Barton (published as Bobbyann Roesen), ‘Love’s Labour’s Lost’, SQ 4 (1953), 411–26 Bednarz James P. Bednarz, ‘Canonizing Shakespeare: The Passionate Pilgrim, England’s Helicon, and the Question of Authenticity’, S.Sur. 60 (2007), 253–68 Berry Edward Berry, Shakespeare and the Hunt: A Cultural and Social Study, 2001 Bevington, ‘Jack’ David Bevington, ‘“Jack Hath Not Jill”: Failed Courtship in Lyly and Shakespeare’, S. Sur. 42 (1990), 1–13 Breitenberg Mark Breitenberg, Anxious Masculinity in Early Modern England, 1996 Bullough Geoffrey Bullough, ed., Narrative and Dramatic Sources of Shakespeare, 8 vols., 1957–75 Burrow, Complete Colin Burrow, ed., William Shakespeare: The Complete Sonnets and Poems, 2002 Burrow, ‘Lyric’ Colin Burrow, ‘Lyric in its Settings: Multiple Narratives and Lyric Voices in Love’s Labour’s Lost’, Shakespeare Association of America Seminar 2006 c corrected c. circa (‘about’, used for an uncertain date or dates) Carroll, Feast William C. Carroll, The Great Feast of Language in Love’s Labour’s Lost, 1976 Carroll, ‘(Re-) Staging’ William C. Carroll, ‘(Re-)Staging Love’s Labour’s Lost’, S.Bul. 25 (2007), 1–11 Carroll, Two Gentlemen The Two Gentlemen of Verona, ed. William C. Carroll, 2004 (The Arden Shakespeare, third series) Chambers E. K. Chambers, William Shakespeare: A Study of Facts and Problems, 2 vols., 1930 Charlton H. B. Charlton, ‘The Date of “Love’s Labour’s Lost”’, MLR 13 (1918), 257–66 Cheney Patrick Cheney, Shakespeare, National Poet–Playwright, 2004 Clayton Frederick W. Clayton and Margaret Tudeau-Clayton, ‘Mercury, Boy Yet and the “Harsh” Words of Love’s Labour’s Lost’, S. Sur. 57 (2004), 209–24 conj. conjecture, conjectured by c. w. catchword Day Angel Day, The English Secretorie, 1586 Debate The Debate and Stryfe Betwene Somer and Wynter, ed. J. O. Halliwell, 1860 Dent R. W. Dent, Shakespeare’s Proverbial Language: An Index, 1981; reference is to proverbs by letter and number

xv Abbreviations and conventions

Draudt, ‘Printer’s’ Manfred Draudt, ‘Printer’s Copy for the Quarto of Love’s Labour’s Lost (1598)’, The Library, 6th series, 3 (1981), 119–31 Draudt, ‘Textual’ Manfred Draudt, ‘Textual Problems and New Readings in Love’s Labour’s Lost, with some Principles of Emendation’, in ‘Not of an Age, but for All Time’: Shakespeare Across Lands and Ages, ed. Sabine Coelsch-Foisner and GyorgyE.Sz¨ onyi,¨ 2004, 113–21 Duncan-Jones Shakespeare’s Sonnets, ed. Katherine Duncan-Jones, 1997 (The Arden Shakespeare, third series) ed., eds. editor(s), edited by edn edition Eggert Katherine Eggert, ‘Alchemy and the Avoidance of Female Reproduction: Love’s Labour’s Lost’, unpublished paper Elam Keir Elam, Shakespeare’s Universe of Discourse: Language-Games in the Comedies, 1984 ELH ELH: A Journal of English Literary History ELN English Language Notes ELR English Literary Renaissance EP England’s Parnassus, 1600 Erne Lukas Erne, Shakespeare as Literary Dramatist, 2003 Evans Malcolm Evans, ‘Mercury versus Apollo: A Reading of Love’s Labor’s Lost’, SQ 26 (1975), 113–27 Freeman and Grinke Arthur Freeman and Paul Grinke, ‘Four New Shakespeare Quartos?’, TLS, 5 April 2002, 17–18 Gesta Gesta Grayorum, ed. Desmond Bland, 1968 Gilbert Miriam Gilbert, Shakespeare in Performance: Love’s Labour’s Lost, 1993 Goldstien Neal L. Goldstien, “Love’s Labour’s Lost and the Renaissance Vision of Love,” SQ 25 (1974), 335–50 Greg W. W. Greg, The Shakespeare First Folio, 1955 Gurr Andrew Gurr, The Shakespearean Stage, 1574–1642, 3rd edn, 1992 Habicht Werner Habicht, ‘Tree Properties and Tree Scenes in Elizabethan Theater’, Renaissance Drama, new series 4 (1971), 69–92 Hawkes Terence Hawkes, ‘Shakespeare’s Talking Animals’, S.Sur. 24 (1971), 47–54 Hilsky Martin Hilsky, ‘Shakespeare in Czech: An Essay in Cultural Semantics’, in Shakespeare in the New Europe, ed. Michael Hattaway, Boika Sokolova, and Derek Roper, 1994 HLQ Huntington Library Quarterly Hodgdon Barbara Hodgdon, ‘Rehearsal Process as Critical Practice: John Barton’s 1978 Love’s Labour’s Lost’, in Londre,´ pp. 387–409 Hunter, Lyly G. K. Hunter, John Lyly: The Humanist as Courtier, 1962 Hunter, ‘Function’ Robert G. Hunter, ‘The Function of the Songs at the End of Love’s Labour’s Lost’, S.St. 7 (1974), 55–64 Hutton James Hutton, ‘Honoriﬁcabilitudinitatibus’, MLN 46 (1931), 392–5 Ioppolo Grace Ioppolo, Revising Shakespeare, 1991 Johnson Samuel Johnson, Johnson on Shakespeare, ed. Arthur Sherbo, 2 vols., 1968

Abbreviations and conventions xvi

Jonson Ben Jonson, The Complete Plays of Ben Jonson, ed. G. A. Wilkes, 4 vols., 1981–2 Kay Carol McGinnis Kay, ‘The Alabama Shakespeare Festival’, in Shakespeare in the South, ed. Philip Kolin, 1983, 247–63 Lamb Mary Ellen Lamb, ‘The Nature of Topicality in “Love’s Labour’s Lost”’, S.Sur. 38 (1985), 49–59 Londre´ Felicia Hardison Londre,´ ed., Love’s Labour’s Lost: Critical Essays, 2001 Lyly John Lyly, The Complete Works of John Lyly, ed. R. Warwick Bond, 3 vols., 1902 Marlowe Christopher Marlowe, The Complete Works of Christopher Marlowe, ed. Fredson Bowers, 2nd edn, 2 vols., 1981 Marston John Marston, The Dutch Courtesan, ed. David Crane, 1997 Maus Katharine Eisaman Maus, ‘Transfer of Title in Love’s Labor’s Lost: Language, Individualism, Gender’, in Shakespeare Left and Right, ed. Ivo Kamps, 1991,pp.205–23 McLay Catherine M. McLay, ‘The Dialogues of Spring and Winter: A Key to the Unity of Love’s Labour’s Lost’, SQ 18 (1967), 119–27 Melchiori King Edward III, ed. Giorgio Melchiori, 1998 (New Cambridge Shakespeare) MLN Modern Language Notes MLQ Modern Language Quarterly MLR Modern Language Review MRDE Medieval and Renaissance Drama in England n., nn. note, notes N&Q Notes and Queries Nashe Thomas Nashe, The Works of Thomas Nashe, ed. R. B. McKerrow, rev. edn, F.P. Wilson, 5 vols., 1958 OED Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edn Palmer Daryl W. Palmer, Writing Russia in the Age of Shakespeare, 2004 Parker Patricia Parker, ‘Preposterous Reversals: Love’s Labor’s Lost’, MLQ 54 (1993), 435–82 PBSA Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America Plato Plato, Cratylus, trans. H. N. Fowler, 1953 Potter Ursula Potter, ‘The Naming of Holofernes in Love’s Labour’s Lost’, ELN 38.2 (2000), 11–24 PQ Philological Quarterly Price George R. Price, ‘The Printing of Love’s Labour’s Lost (1598)’, PBSA 72 (1978), 405–34 Proudfoot Richard Proudfoot, ‘“Love’s Labour’s Lost”: Sweet Understanding and the Five Worthies’, Essays and Studies 34 (1984), 16–30 Puttenham George Puttenham, The Arte of English Poesie, ed. Gladys D. Willcock and Alice Walker, 1936 r recto (the right-hand page when a manuscript or book is opened) RES Review of English Studies rev. revised, revised by Richmond Hugh Richmond, ‘Shakespeare’s Navarre’, HLQ 42 (1979), 193–216 Roe John Roe, ed., The Poems, 2006 (New Cambridge Shakespeare)

xvii Abbreviations and conventions

rpt. reprint, reprinted SAB Shakspere Allusion-Book, ed. John Munro, 2 vols., 1909 Schalkwyk David Schalkwyk, ‘“She never told her love”: Embodiment, Textuality, and Silence in Shakespeare’s Sonnets and Plays’, SQ 45 (1994), 381–407 Scott Charlotte Scott, Shakespeare and the Idea of the Book, 2007 SD stage direction SEL Studies in English Literature SH speech heading Sidney Sir Philip Sidney, An Apology for Poetry in Elizabethan Critical Essays, ed. G. Gregory Smith, 2 vols., 1904 sig., sigs. signature, signatures (printers’ indications of the ordering of pages in early modern books, often more accurate than page numbers) Sisson C. J. Sisson, New Readings in Shakespeare, 2 vols., 1956 SP Studies in Philology SQ Shakespeare Quarterly S.Bul. Shakespeare Bulletin S.St. Shakespeare Studies S.Sur. Shakespeare Survey Stone George Winchester Stone, Jr, ‘Garrick, And An Unknown Operatic Version of Love’s Labour’s Lost’, RES 15.59 (1939), 323–8 subst. substantively Thomson J. A. K. Thomson, Shakespeare and the Classics, 1952 Tilley M. P. Tilley, A Dictionary of the Proverbs in England in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, 1950; references to proverbs by letter and number TLS Times Literary Supplement trans. translated by TSLL Texas Studies in Language and Literature Turner Graham Holderness, Nick Potter, and John Turner, Shakespeare: Out of Court, 1990 u uncorrected v verso (the left-hand page when a manuscript or book is opened) Vaughan Virginia M. Vaughan, Performing Blackness on English Stages, 1500–1800, 2005 Voss Paul J. Voss, Elizabethan News Pamphlets, 2001 Warren Roger Warren, ‘A Year of Comedies: Stratford 1978’, S.Sur. 32 (1979), 201–9 Wells, Re-Editing Stanley Wells, Re-Editing Shakespeare for the Modern Reader, 1984 Werstine, ‘Editorial’ Paul Werstine, ‘The Editorial Usefulness of Printing House and Compositor Studies’, in Play-Texts in Old Spelling: Papers from the Glendon Conference, ed. G. B. Shand and Raymond C. Shady, 1984,pp.35–64 Werstine, ‘Variants’ Paul Werstine, ‘Variants in the First Quarto of Love’s Labor’s Lost’, S.St. 12 (1979), 35–47 Wiles David Wiles, Shakespeare’s Clown: Actor and Text in the Elizabethan Playhouse, 1987

Abbreviations and conventions xviii

Woods Gillian Woods, ‘Catholicism and Conversion in Love’s Labour’s Lost’, in How To Do Things with Shakespeare, ed. Laurie Maguire, 2008, 101–130 Yates, French Frances A. Yates, The French Academies of the Sixteenth Century, 1947 Yates, Study Frances A. Yates, A Study of ‘Love’s Labour’s Lost’, 1936

4. Stage productions, ﬁlm, and television Alexander Ashland Shakespeare Festival, Oregon, directed by Rod Alexander, 1963 Barton1 Royal Shakespeare Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon, directed by John Barton, 1965 Barton2 Royal Shakespeare Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon, directed by John Barton, 1978 BBC British Broadcasting Corporation Television Shakespeare, directed by Elijah Moshinsky, 1985 Branagh Miramax Films, directed by Kenneth Branagh, 2000 Brook Royal Shakespeare Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon, directed by Peter Brook, 1946 Evett Downstairs at the Garage, Harvard, MA, directed by Ben Evett (Actors’ Shakespeare Project), 2007 Guthrie Old Vic Theatre, London, directed by Tyrone Guthrie, 1936 Hands Royal Shakespeare Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon, directed by Terry Hands, 1990 Jaber Ruins of the Babur Gardens, Kabul, Afghanistan, directed by Corinne Jaber, 2005 Jones Royal Shakespeare Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon, directed by David Jones, 1973 Judge Royal Shakespeare Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon, directed by Ian Judge, 1993 Kahn1 American Shakespeare Festival, Stratford, Conn., directed by Michael Kahn, 1968 Kahn2 Shakespeare Theatre Company, Washington, D.C., directed by Michael Kahn, 2006 Kyle Royal Shakespeare Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon, directed by Barry Kyle, 1984 Martin Huntington Theatre, Boston, directed by Nicholas Martin, 2006 Minor Great Lakes Shakespeare Festival, Ohio, directed by Philip Minor, 1967 Nunn Royal National Theatre, London, directed by Trevor Nunn, 2003 Phelps Sadler’s Wells Theatre, London, directed by Samuel Phelps, 1857 Phillips Stratford Shakespeare Festival, Stratford, Ontario, Canada, directed by Robin Phillips, 1978