Overview of ISECG Work: Expanding the Definition of the Lunar Exploration Scenario

Ryan Whitley April 10th, 2014 ISECG Mission Scenario

Low- Orbit 2020 2030 International Space Station Robotic Mission Commercial or Government-Owned Platforms Human Mission Beyond Low-Earth Orbit Cargo Mission Test Missions

Asteroid Redirection Rosetta Hayabusa-2 OSIRIS-REx (Sample Return) (Sample Return) Explore Near Earth Asteroid Near-Earth Objects Apophis Extended Staging Post for Crew Duration to Lunar Surface Lunar Vicinity Crew Missions Potential Commercial Opportunities

LADEE Luna 26 RESOLVE SELENE-2 Luna 28/29 SELENE-3 Human-Assisted (Sample Sample Return Humans to Lunar Surface Chandrayaan-2 Return) Potential Commercial Opportunities

Human-Assisted Sample Return Sustainable Human MAVEN ISRO Mars ExoMars InSight ExoMars Mars JAXA Mars Sample Return Mission Missions to the Orbiter Mission 2016 2018 2020 Mars Opportunities Mars System Mars Precursor Human Scale EDL Test Mission Opportunities

Multi-Destination Small Human Transportation Cargo Surface Capabilities Initial Lander Mobility (Planned and Conceptual) Cargo Delivery

Evolvable Russian Advanced Deep Space Orion Orion & Icon indicates first use opportunity. & Piloted Electric & SLS Crewed SLS Commercial/Institutional launchers not shown. Habitat SLS Propulsion (Upgrade) Lunar (Upgrade) System Lander Revising Approach to Lunar Exploraon Scenario

Two parts to lunar surface scenario expansion acvity: ① Update transportaon architecture ② Update surface strategy using reference surface Global Point of Departure (GPoD) architecture

Key Considerations

Human transportaon opons tend to drive overall cost of desnaon exploraon. Mulple architectural mission opons are being evaluated to characterize and score based on key Figures of Merit such as: § Cost § Performance (Capabilies and Mission Objecves Sasfacon) § Technology Development § Extensibility § Mission Risk

Updated approach to surface acvies will be informed and developed based on down select of most aracve transportaon architecture opons. More to come in later GER workshops in Japan (July) and Europe (Oct) this year. 3 Lunar Surface Access Trade Space

The lunar surface trade space is divided between transportaon opons and lander properes within the context of ulizing an evolvable deep space habitat as a staging post.

Transportation Options Lander Properties

Lunar Orbit Lander Crew Size Lander eDSH Staging Launch Lander Stage Inseron (LOI) Drop Stage Reusability (to surface / Hab. Locaon Vehicle In-Space Opons Propulsion Opons on orbit) (days) NASA SLS LV With Hypergolic DRO LOI by Lander Hypergols None 2/2 0 (Block 1B) Drop Stage

E-M L1/ With Evolved Crew ESA LV LOI by LV LOX/CH 3/1 3 L2 4 Hyper. Drop Stage Module

LOI  0 Without Drop Crew Md. & HLO JAXA LV LOX/LH 4/0 7 (Long Transfer) 2 Stage / 2-Stage Refuel AM

SEP Used for Crew Mod. LLO LV Long Transfer AM & DM

Commercial Launch Vehicles

DRO LLO

L2

The trade space can be tailored by the internaonal partners to meet a variety of core objecves and used to idenfy scenarios from which a viable human lunar campaign is achievable. Example Architecture for Extensibility Lander LLO Staging Locaon

3 d Lander

MOON Lifetime

4 4 4 4 CH CH

eDSH 2-3 hrs 2-3 hrs LLO CH 4 Transit Transit 4 CH Moon Spiral

E-M L1/L2 by SEP

4 4 CH

Lander 5 d Long Transit Transit Example architecture features extensibility of asteroid retrieval mission solar electric propulsion and Orion European Service Module. Includes Orion SEP potenal reuse of enre lander with logiscs/ 5 d Earth propellant resupply (commercial opportunity). Transit Spiral LEO by SEP

Lander

Direct LSM Lander Service Module (Drop Stage) Earth Entry

CH4 LM Lander Module including Habitaon

SLS SLS Block 1B Block 1B EARTH