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A Synopsis of the Marine Prosobranch Gastropod and Bivalve Mollusks in Alaskan Waters

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A Synopsis of the Marine Prosobranch Gastropod and Bivalve Mollusks in Alaskan Waters A synopsis of the marine prosobranch gastropod and bivalve mollusks in Alaskan waters Item Type Thesis Authors Foster, Nora Rakestraw Download date 11/10/2021 08:58:13 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/5221 A SYNOPSIS OF THE MARINE PROSOBRANCH GASTROPOD AND BIVALVE MOLLUSKS IN ALASKAN WATERS RECOMMENDED: Chairman, Advisory Coirjnittee / ____________________________ Program Head Director of Division of Marine Science APPROVED: Dean of the College of Environmental Sciences Date Vice Chancellor for Research and Advanced Study Diite A SYNOPSIS OF THE MARINE PROSOBRANCH GASTROPOD AND BIVALVE MOLLUSKS IN ALASKAN WATERS A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the University of Alaska in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE By Nora Rakestraw Foster, B.S. 'go's Fairbanks, Alaska December, 1979 Abstract This study presents information on the taxonomy and distribution of the marine prosobranch gastropod and bivalve mollusks from the waters surrounding Alaska. Three hundred fifty-two species of prosobranch gastropods and 202 species of bivalves are reported from these waters. Over 5,000 lots of specimens, representing 330 species and literature sources form the basis of this study. References, synonymy, geographic and bathymetric ranges are provided for each species. Characteristics used to identify the species of 66 genera are presented in tabular form. The greatest number of species is reported from the southern Bering Sea, the fewest from the Beaufort Sea. Most of the species have wide ranges / in the eastern or western Pacific. New collecting records reported here extend the known ranges of 27 species. Eight species were previously unknown from Alaskan waters. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT............................... iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................ iv LIST OF FIGURES . ...................... xiii LIST OF TABLES................................................ xiv GENERAL SECTION .......................... 1 Introduction. ........................................ 1 Purpose .................................................. 1 Historical Background and Literature........................ 1 Future W o r k .............................................. 4 Materials and Methods ................................... 6 Discussion................ 9 / TAXONOMIC SECTION ..... ................................. 45 Prosobranch Gastropods........................... 45 Family Haliotidae ............................. 45 Bat'totvs.............................................. 45 Family Scissurellidae........... 46 Scissurella ................................... 46 Family Fissurellidae. ............. 49 Diodara.............................................. 49 Megatebennus.......................................... 50 PunctuvelZa (Cranopsis) ............................... 51 Puncturella (Puncturella) ............................. 55 Scel'idotoma..................................... Family Acmaeidae........................................ 60 Aomaea................................................ 60 Ansates.............................................. 68 Collisella............................................ 69 Family Lepetidae........................................ 86 Cryvtobvanchia. ................................. 86 Lepeta................................................ 88 Family Trochidae........................................ 92 Bathybembyx.......................................... 92 Calliosboma.......................................... 93 Cidarina.............................................. 98 Halistylus............................................ 99 Lirularia.............................................. 100 i-!argarites (Mavgarites)................................. 104 vi vii TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED Page Margarites (Pupillavia).................................. 113 Solaviella............................................. 127 Tegula................................................. 134 Family Turbinidae..........................................135 Homalopoma............................................. 135 Moellaria............................................... 137 Family Cocculinidae......................... 141 Cocculina............................. 141 Family Littorinidae.................. 142 Littorina...............................................142 Family Lacunidae ........................................ 147 Aquilonaria....................... 147 Ealoconcha............................................. 148 Lacuna ................................................. 149 Family Rissoidae........................................ 155 Alvanza........................................ 155 Anabathron............................................. 169 Bavleeia.......................................... 170 Cingula (Cingula)... ................................. 171 Ci-ngula (Nodulus)...................... 177 Family Rissoinidae ...................................... 183 Hissoina............................... 183 Family Caecidae........................................... 184 Fartulum............................................... 184 Micranellum . ................ 185 Family Skeneopsidae.................... 186 Skeneopsis...................... 186 Family Vitrinellidae.............. 187 Leptogyra................................. 187 Vitvinella............................................ 188 Family Turritellidae.................. 189 Tachyrhynchus......... 189 Turritellopsis.................................... 195 Family Vermetidae......................................... 196 Dendropoma............................................. 196 Family Cerithiidae ...................................... 197 Bittium................................................. 197 Cerithiopsis .......................................... 200 Triphora............................................... 203 Family Epitoniidae ....... .................. .... 204 Epitoninm............................................... 204 Opalia.................. 207 Family Eulimidae ........................................ 209 B a l d s ................................................. 209 Eu li m a ...................... 214 Vlll TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED Page Family Asterophilidae........... 215 Asterophila.......... 215 Family Calyptraeidae ............. 216 Calyptraea.............. 216 Cvepidula. ............................... 217 Family Trichotropididae.................................... 220 Torellia............................................... 220 Tviohotvopis.................... 222 Family Carinariidae. ......... 232 Cardiapoda........... 232 Carinavia...................................... 233 Family Naticidae.................................... 235 Amauropsis......... 235. Bulb u s............................................... 236 N a t i c a ................................................. 237 Nevevita ............................................. 239 Voilirvices................ 241 Family Lamellariidae ..................................... 246 Lamellavia............ 246 Marsenina............................................... 247 Onchidiopsis . ........................................ 248 Family Velutinidae ............... 250 Capu lacmaea............................................. 250 Velutina............................................... 251 Family Cymatiidae. ....................... 261 Fusitviton.............. 261 Family Muricidae ...................... 262 Boreotrophon .......................................... 262 Ceratostoma......... 281 Ocenebra......... 282 Trophonopsis .......................................... 283 Urosalpinx............................................. 284 Family Thaiidae............................................285 Nucella. ............................................. 285 Family Buccinidae......... 291 Buccinum................ 291 Searlesia............................................... 326 Volutharpa ...... ................................. 327 Family Neptuneidae ....................................... 328 Anaisbrolepis........................... .-328 Beringius............................................... 332 Clinopegma........................... 345 Colus (Anomalos'ipho).................................... 346 Colus (Aulacofusus)...................................... 349 Colus (Latisipho)........................................ 363 ix TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED Page Exilioidea............................................ 377 Liomesus.............................................. 378 Mohnia . ............................................ 383 Neptunea.............................................. 389 Plicifusus............................................ 405 Pyrulofusus............................. 420 Sulcosinus...................................... 423 Volutopsius............................................ 424 Family Columbellidae ................ 436 Amphissa.............................................. 436 Mitvella.............................................. 439 Familly Nassariidae....................................... 446 Nassarius.............................................. 446 Family Volutidae ...................................... 447 Arctomelon.................................... 447 Family Volumitridae.................................... 448 Volvmitva.............................................. 448 Family Turbinellidae ................................... 449 Ptyehatpactus................................. 449 Family Olividae. .................................
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