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Citește Raportul NOIEMBRIE 2013 Autori: Roxana Pencea, Tudor Brădăţan, Ştefania Simion Editor: Mining Watch România Design: Fundaţia Extra Art Foto credit: Sebastian Florian, Mindbomb Corectură: Dina Vîlcu www.miningwatch.ro România fără cianură Publicaţie editată de Mining Watch România, reţea de monitorizare creată pentru optimizarea eforturilor de supraveghere, planificare și intervenţie a societăţii civile și a comunităţilor locale cu privire la activităţile miniere din România. Cu excepţia imaginilor și hărţilor din cuprinsul acestui studiu, această publicaţie este sub licenţă Creative Commons - Atribuire - Distribuire-în-condiţii-identice 4.0 Internaţional CC BY -SA Pentru detalii: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode sau un rezumat explicativ (nu un substitut) al licenţei: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ Această publicaţie este produsă cu sprijinul financiar al Fundaţiei Friedrich Ebert. Opiniile exprimate de autor nu reflectă cu necessitate poziţia Fundaţiei Friedrich Ebert. Utilizarea comercială a produselor media publicate de Fundaţia Friedrich Ebert (FES) nu este permisă fără acordul scris al FES. Cuprins Prefaţă ..........................................................................................................................................2 Lista abrevierilor ......................................................................................................................4 1. Istoricul dreptului de proprietate asupra zăcămintelor.....................................5 2. Cadrilaterul aurului și alte zone vizate de mineritul în carieră deschisă pe bază de cianuri.........................................................................................................................10 3. Strategia industriei miniere în România 2012-2035............................................12 4. Lipsa transparenţei a autorităţii competente în administrarea zăcămintel or.....................................................................................................................................................12 5. Acuzaţii de corupţie și conflict de interese.............................................................14 6. Schimări ale legislaţiei în vigoare urmărite de industria minieră.................17 6.1. Viitorul dezbaterilor parlamentare privind modificările legii minelor.............................................................................................................................19 7. Licenţe de exploatare active pentru minereuri auro-argentifere...................21 8. Licenţe de exploatare în curs de aprobare pentru minereuri auro-argentife re......................................................................................................................................................21 8.1. Băiţa Crăciunești...................................................................................................21 8.1.1. Etapele de avizare pentru proiectul minier zăcământul Teascu............................................................................................................................................23 9. Licenţe de explorare active pentru minereuri auro-argentifere......................24 9.1. Cămârzana Nord, Aluniș Piatra Handal și Poprad...................................24 9.1.1. Cămârzana Nord...................................................................................25 9.1.2. Aluniș Piatra Handal...........................................................................26 9.1.3. Poprad.......................................................................................................26 10. Licenţe de exploatare active pentru minereuri polimetalice și auro-argentifere.........................................................................................................................27 10.1. Băiţa Bihor.............................................................................................................27 11. Licenţe de explorare active pentru minereuri polimetalice și auro-argentifere.........................................................................................................................28 11.1. Nord Tincova.........................................................................................................28 11.1.1. Etapele de avizare pentru proiectul minier zăcământul Nord Tincova................................................................................................................................29 11.2. Deva Muncel.........................................................................................................30 11.2.1. Etapele de avizare pentru proiectul minier zăcământul Deva Muncel.................................................................................................................................31 11.3. Brad.........................................................................................................................31 11.3.1. Etapele de avizare pentru proiectul minier zăcământul Brad.................................................................................................................................................31 1 12. Perimetre miniere cu resurse minerale aurifere și polimetalice...............31 12.1 Bolcana................................................................................................................32 12.2 Rovina...................................................................................................................33 12.3 Dealul Bratoșin.................................................................................................35 12.4 Băișoara...............................................................................................................36 12.5 Bucium.................................................................................................................37 13. Concluzii.............................................................................................................................38 Bibliografie...............................................................................................................................40 2 Prefaţă Mineritul cu cianuri la scară mică, România ar urma să dezvolte proiecte noua formă de cianurare a României cu cianuri la scară mică de exploatare a aurului. Aceeași concluzie apare și în Criza economică și preţul crescut volumul Roșia Montană în dezbaterea al metalelor preţioase din ultimii ani europeană (2012), lansat cu ocazia a rezultat într-un interes ridicat al aceluiași seminar: „opţiunea <zero cianuri investitorilor, la nivel internaţional, de în industria minieră> va distruge micile a demara proiecte de minerit în Europa. companii și proiectele miniere de mică Întreg sud-estul Europei se confruntă cu anvergură, din simplul motiv că niciun propuneri de proiecte, opt dintre acestea zăcământ mediu sau mic de aur nu fiind localizate doar în Grecia. Aceeași poate fi exploatat eficient în Europa de tendinţă se poate remarca și în România, companii junior în condiţii de eficienţă începând cu iunie 2012, când membri economică, fără cianurare”. ai Parlamentului European și membri ai Guvernului României au discutat despre Agenţia Naţională pentru potenţialul ţării noastre de a dezvolta Resurse Naturale a remis către Centrul proiecte de minerit aurifer cu cianură, Independent pentru Dezvoltarea la scară aparent mică, în cadrul unui Resurselor de Mediu, în urma unei seminar organizat la București. Așa cum acţiuni în instanţă1, lista completă a nota Ştefania Simion, unul din autorii licenţelor active pentru minereurile auro- prezentului raport, „punctele de vedere argentifere și polimetalice din România. exprimate de vorbitorii la evenimentul În contextul re-evaluării zăcămintetelor din 26 iunie sunt de-a dreptul de resurse minerale și al reconfigurării îngrijorătoare. Nu atât în conţinutul strategiei industriei de a iniţia proiecte lor, extrem de lacunar de altfel, cât mai la scară mai mică, un număr crescut de ales în mesajul politic transmis, privind proiecte miniere auro-argentifere vor fi oportunitatea exploatărilor cu cianuri propuse spre avizare, în următorii ani, în Europa și, implicit, în România”. În în România. Conform cercetătorului cadrul dezbaterii respective, România Ştefan Marincea, pentru celelalte 50 de a fost apreciată drept ţara cu cele mai depozite identificate, utilizarea aceleiași mari rezerve de aur ale Europei, cu „68 de tehnologii de preparare cu cianuri ar duce zăcăminte aurifere puse în evidenţă în la „generarea a nu mai puţin de 2900 de Cadrilaterul Aurifer din Munţii Apuseni” hectare cu deșeuri de cianurare”. de către directorul Institutului Geologic Român, domnul Ştefan Marincea. Din Prin urmare, mineritul este o intervenţiile și prezentările celor prezenţi industrie cu miză extrem de mare pentru s-a detașat o nouă direcţie strategică politicile publice și pieţele financiare, de dezvoltare a mineritului în România. dar mai ales pentru comunităţile și Conform acestei direcţii strategice, ecosistemele direct afectate. În timp 1 Dosar 8732/117/2013 3 ce industria subliniază capacitatea sa are capacitatea de a diminua presiunea de a genera bogăţie și utilizarea de comunităţilor și organizaţiilor locale tehnologii moderne, responsabilitatea asupra factorilor de decizie și co- pentru riscurile, costurile și datoriile participarea lor la procesul decizional. generate nu a fost niciodată pe deplin La acest aspect s-ar adăuga, în cazul asumată. Dominaţia industriei în unor proiecte mai mici, dificultatea arena politicilor
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