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Floods Impacts on the Socio-Economic of Livelihoods in Paktia Afghanistan

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Floods Impacts on the Socio-Economic of Livelihoods in Paktia Afghanistan ISSN: 2349-8889 International Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology Volume-8, Issue-4 (July 2021) www.ijrasb.com https://doi.org/10.31033/ijrasb.8.4.7 Floods Impacts on the Socio-Economic of Livelihoods in Paktia Afghanistan Abdul Rashid Wiar1 and Nazir Khan Mohammadi2 1Teaching Assistant Professor and HOD, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Agriculture Faculty, Paktia University, AFGHANISTAN 2Associate Professor and HOD, Department of Agronomy, Agriculture Faculty, Paktia University, AFGHANISTAN Corresponding Author: [email protected] ABSTRACT I. INTRODUCTION This study investigated the impact of floods on the socio-economic status of livelihoods for the people of Natural disasters have become more frequent Afghanistan's Paktia province and the livelihoods of those over the years, resulting in the death of people, the who live there. The research team used both quantitative and qualitative approaches in their work. Discussions were destruction of property, and the devastation of the held with key stakeholders at the provincial and community environment. The number of people at risk is increasing levels, as well as with randomly selected households, as part year after year, and the vast majority of them live in of the study. The information was gathered through the use developing countries with high levels of poverty, making of quantitative Household Questionnaires and qualitative them particularly vulnerable to disaster. Key Informant Interviews. People's socioeconomic For centuries, floods have been a regular feature livelihoods and critical aspects such as agriculture, health, of people's lives in various parts of the world, recurring education, housing, water and sanitation, and property were with varying magnitudes and frequencies to which people found to have been negatively impacted by floods according have become accustomed over time. In many parts of the to the findings of the study. As a result, any negative impact on livelihood would result in lower household incomes and world, these floods are both expected and welcomed lower purchasing power for households. because they enrich the soil and provide both water and In Paktia, as in many other parts of Afghanistan, livelihoods for those who depend on them. Typically, a there has been extensive deforestation. In recent years, flood is defined as an overflow of water that submerges devastating floods have resulted as a result of this. land, low-lying villages, and towns, or an unusual The following are the most important condition caused by the inflow of water from the ocean. recommendations made: It is possible for flooding to occur as a result of an • Since communities have expressed a desire to relocate overflow of water from a body of water, such as a river or permanently to higher ground, the government and key lake, the sea, or large natural water basins, or it may occur stakeholders should engage them in the process of relocating permanently to higher ground. Their relocation should be as a result of an accumulation of rainwater on saturated accompanied by the provision of all necessary social ground, as in an aerial flood amenities, such as schools, hospitals, infrastructure, water, Flooding caused by extreme hydrological and and agricultural support, for a period of three (3) years to meteorological events and occurring in unexpected allow the households to settle in the new location. It should magnitudes and frequencies, on the other hand, can result also be taken in the newly established settlement area. in the loss of lives, livelihoods, and infrastructure in • A deliberate policy should be implemented to compel disparate circumstances. According to the findings, floods communities, particularly in rural areas, to construct houses are the most destructive natural disaster on the planet, out of durable materials and away from flood-prone areas, causing extensive damage to both the built and natural which would be beneficial. environments, as well as devastation to human • Communities should be encouraged to expand the area under cultivation on upland land in order to improve food settlements all over the world. Economic losses as a result security and household income. of damaging floods have increased significantly around • Both non-flooding and flood-prone areas should be the world [3, citing the World Bank]. clearly delineated by the appropriate authorities. During Natural disasters have become more frequent floods, the non-flooding areas can be used as a makeshift over the years, resulting in the death of people, the temporary shelter for the settlements. destruction of property, and the devastation of the • Construction of dams should be considered as a means environment [6]. In addition to the tragic loss of life, flood of capturing the surplus water. This could be used to irrigate losses reduce the assets of households, communities, and the garden. societies through the destruction of standing crops, • Consideration should be given to the construction of dwellings, infrastructure, machinery, and buildings. canals into the main Kurrama River. Extreme flooding can have a devastating impact, not only on the individual household level, but also on the entire Keywords- Flood, Socio, Economic, and Livelihoods. country in some instances [5]. The Fourth Assessment 38 This work is under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. ISSN: 2349-8889 International Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology Volume-8, Issue-4 (July 2021) www.ijrasb.com https://doi.org/10.31033/ijrasb.8.4.7 Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate displacement, from the perspective of livelihood. It is Change. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on even possible that we do not understand the causes of the Climate Change, "heavy precipitation events, which are flood in the study area. There has been very little research very likely to become more frequent in the future, will into the flood, as well as the secondary causes of the flood increase flood risk." [4] These floods will have a negative and the effects of the flood on the community's livelihood impact on human settlements in all areas, including assets. Consequently, data on flood and riverbank erosion floodplains, coastal zones, river deltas, and mountains, as (as a secondary cause of flood) displacement as well as well as their way of life and livelihood. Increased flooding the consequences of this on the livelihood of the study is also occurring in urban areas, posing a serious threat to area have been collected as a result of this research. Paktia the lives of poor and vulnerable people. is a mountainous province with the majority of its The situation is more serious in the Asian region population residing in the central valley that stretches than it is in the developed countries. Fluvial disasters in from Ahmad Khel in the east down through Zormat and North Asia are primarily caused by the region's unique into neighbouring Paktika province. This research hydro-meteorological and monsoonal influences. In the specifically generated data on Paktia. The research, which region, there are two monsoonal windows that are active: is based on a field study, provides contextual socio- the southwest monsoon that follows the summer months economic and cultural information at the experiential and the northeast monsoon that follows the winter level. The overall goal of this study has been to collect months. The southwest monsoon, which typically occurs information on the impact of flooding on people's lives from June to September and accounts for nearly 70-80 and livelihoods in general, as well as the displacement percent of the rainfall in this region, is the dominant caused by riverbank erosion and the impact of these weather pattern. For its part, the melting of glaciers in the events on the socio-economic status of those affected. The Paktia province region as a result of visible climate research question and objectives are to determine whether change impacts may result in an increase in flash flooding or not people will survive in two different flood-prone in mountainous areas and areas at the foothills of areas of the country. mountains in the province region. Rainwater and some rivers in these areas cause The number of people at risk is increasing year flooding every year during the rainy season, which occurs after year, and the vast majority live in developing during the rainy season. The population of the riverside countries such as Afghanistan, where poverty levels make has increased year after year, despite the fact that the flood them more vulnerable to disasters [6]. As a result of high destroyed their lives and livelihood. As a result of the poverty levels, Grunfest claims that people have become flood, they were able to return to their original location. more vulnerable to disasters because they live in However, this does not prevent it from having an impact hazardous areas such as flood plains of a river and over on their livelihood, as well as social and economic factors an embankment [1]. A recent estimate suggests that 35 in general. percent of the country's total population now lives below the poverty line and has difficulty meeting their II. METHODOLOGY nutritional requirements. [8] People in rural Paktia province do not have Both quantitative and qualitative approaches will access to adequate nutrition, housing, or health-care be used in this research. In accordance with Strydom, facilities, and the majority of them live in poverty. Fouche, and Delport [2, qualitative data collection Because of natural disasters and calamities that occur on methods frequently make use of measuring instruments]. an annual basis, the poverty situation deteriorates even It is the process of describing abstract concepts in terms further. Flooding and riverbank erosion frequently cause of specific indicators by assigning numbers or other the dislocation of cultivable land and human settlements, symbols to the indicators that is referred to as as well as the massive destruction of crops, as well as the measurements.
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