Woolwich Dockyard Area
DRAFT CHAPTER 2 – WOOLWICH DOCKYARD AREA Naval shipbuilding came to Woolwich in 1512 and settled on the western riverside by the 1530s. Two water-filled docks still mark the spot. The royal dockyard expanded gradually as it became one of Europe’s principal shipbuilding establishments, pushing back into a hillside and out onto land reclaimed from the river. After the 1720s there was room to grow in only one direction, westwards. Despite the site’s unsuitability for ever larger vessels and other intimations of decline, more ground was taken and by the end of the Napoleonic Wars the dockyard extended as far as present-day Warspite Road. The development of the western lands in the 1830s and 1840s as a base for the early steam navy was marked by innovations. But drawbacks could no longer be overridden and the dockyard closed in 1869. The site was subsequently used for military storage, as an annexe to the Royal Arsenal. In the 1920s western parts were sold off, principally to the Royal Arsenal Co- operative Society for its Commonwealth Buildings depot. The older eastern dockyard was not disposed of until the 1960s, when Greenwich Council acquired it for housing; here the Woolwich Dockyard Estate was built in the 1970s. Speculative housing developments to east and west followed from 1989. Little remains from the dockyard’s early centuries, the oldest survival being the Clock House, offices of the 1780s. There are more substantial remnants from the steam factory, and the former dry docks and two shipbuilding slips are linked by a long river wall, all naval construction of the 1810s to 1850s.
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