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Agrochemicals: Fate in Food and the Environment Proceedings of a Symposium, Rome, 7-11 June 1982 Jointly Organized by Iaea and Fao

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Agrochemicals: Fate in Food and the Environment Proceedings of a Symposium, Rome, 7-11 June 1982 Jointly Organized by Iaea and Fao : AGROCHEMICALS: FATE IN FOOD AND THE ENVIRONMENT PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM, ROME, 7-11 JUNE 1982 JOINTLY ORGANIZED BY IAEA AND FAO l^J INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, VIENNA, 1982 AGROCHEMICALS: FATE IN FOOD AND THE ENVIRONMENT PROCEEDINGS SERIES AGROCHEMICALS : FATE IN FOOD AND THE ENVIRONMENT PROCEEDINGS OF AN INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON AGROCHEMICALS: FATE IN FOOD AND THE ENVIRONMENT USING ISOTOPE TECHNIQUES JOINTLY ORGANIZED BY THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY AND THE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS AND HELD IN ROME, 7-11 JUNE 1982 INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA, 1982 AGROCHEMICALS: FATE IN FOOD AND THE ENVIRONMENT IAEA, VIENNA, 1982 STI/PUB/623 ISBN 92-0-010382-0 © IAEA, 1982 Permission to reproduce or translate the information contained in this publication may be obtained by writing to the International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramerstrasse 5, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. Printed by the IAEA in Austria November 1982 FOREWORD Current trends in population dictate intensified agricultural practices with concomitant growing use of agrochemicals, particularly in developing countries. Increased use of pesticides has greatly aided crop production, protected man from diseases such as malaria and filariasis, decreased losses of stored grains, and has generally improved man's welfare. Pesticides are an essential element in agri- cultural production, and there is little doubt that their use will continue to increase as more food and better health are demanded. Pesticide usage may lead to the appearance of potentially undesirable residues as trace contaminants of food, the environment and living tissues. The full impact cannot, however, be quantified. In recent years, increasing invest- ment has been made into development of measures to reduce pesticide con- tamination of food and the environment, while at the same time protecting crops, livestock and people from pest attack. In this context, nuclear technology has played and will continue to play an important role in programmes aimed at understanding the behaviour of pesticide chemicals and at studying their fate. Indeed, for many purposes, such technology is considered a unique tool, and for others a necessary addition to the existing armoury of conventional methodologies. These technologies and pesticide residue problems were the theme of the International Symposium on Agrochemicals: Fate in Food and the Environ- ment using Isotope Techniques, which was jointly organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, in co-operation with the Comitato Nazionale per la Ricerca e per lo Sviluppo dell'Energia Nucleare e delle Energie Alternative (ENEA). It was held in Rome, Italy, from 7 to 11 June 1982 and was attended by 78 participants from 36 countries and two international organizations. The contributed papers and posters have clearly illustrated the potential value of isotope techniques and have reviewed the advances made in the development and application of these techniques in studying the fate of pesticide chemicals in plants, food and farm animals, and in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. EDITORIAL NOTE The papers and discussions have been edited by the editorial staff of the International Atomic Energy Agency to the extent considered necessary for the reader's assistance. The views expressed and the general style adopted remain, however, the responsibility of the named authors or participants. In addition, the views are not necessarily those of the governments of the nominating Member States or of the nominating organizations. Where papers have been incorporated into these Proceedings without resetting by the Agency, this has been done with the knowledge of the authors and their government authorities, and their cooperation is gratefully acknowledged. The Proceedings have been printed by composition typing and photo-offset lithography. Within the limitations imposed by this method, every effort has been made to maintain a high editorial standard, in particular to achieve, wherever practicable, consistency of units and symbols and conformity to the standards recommended by competent international bodies. The use in these Proceedings of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judgement by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such, countries or territories, of their authorities and institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries. The mention of specific companies or of their products or brand names does not imply any endorsement or recommendation on the part of the IAEA. Authors are themselves responsible for obtaining the necessary permission to reproduce copyright material from other sources. CONTENTS PESTICIDES: BENEFITS AND COSTS (Session I) Agrochemicals in India: impact on agriculture (Invited paper) (IAEA-SM-263/35) 3 S.K. Mukerjee Problems caused by pesticides with particular reference to the impact on the agricultural environment (Invited paper) (IAEA-SM-263/41) 23 P.C. Kearney, C.S. Helling Economics of pest control with emphasis on developing countries (Invited paper) (IAEA-SM-263/40) 41 B.G. Lever PESTICIDES IN THE AGRICULTURAL ENVIRONMENT (Session II) Fate of persistent pesticides in the agricultural environment with particular emphasis on the application of nuclear techniques (Invited paper) (IAEA-SM-263/30) 63 J.T. Snelson Rationale in the design of pesticide metabolism studies using radio- isotopes (Invited paper) (IAEA-SM-263/42) 83 G. W. Ivie Fate of herbicide chemicals in the agricultural environment with particular emphasis on the application of nuclear techniques (Invited paper) (IAEA-SM-263/32) 99 F. Führ Isotope-aided studies of residue/biota interactions (Invited paper) (IAEA-SM-263/31 ) 113 F.P.W. Winteringham PESTICIDES IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS (Session III) Pesticides in limnic metabolism: a review on the application of nuclear techniques (Invited paper) (IAEA-SM-263/34) 127 D.E.W. Ernst Pesticide residues in fish with emphasis on the application of nuclear techniques (Invited paper) (IAEA-SM-263/37) 143 D. Freitag, W. Klein Application of a radiometric enzymic method for monitoring organophosphorous and carbamate insecticide residues in water of the river Danube (Abstract only) (IAEA-SM-263/50) 167 L. Horváth, J. Volford, L. Bursics, T. Forster Influence of the organophosphorous insecticides acephate and parathion on the heterotrophic bacteria of two freshwater ecosystems (Abstract only) (IAEA-SM-263/51 ) 168 L.J. Albright, A. Gasith, G.H. Geen, Y. Mozel, A.S. Perry A test for environmental chemicals affecting photosynthesis (Poster presentation) (IAEA-SM-263/53) 170 D.E. W. Ernst Effects of parathion on the ecology of a eutrophic aquatic ecosystem: limnocorral experiment (Abstract only) (IAEA-SM-263/54) 173 A. Gasith, L.J. Albright, AS. Perry, Y. Mozel PESTICIDES IN SOIL (Session IV) Bound pesticide residues in soil, plants and food with particular emphasis on the application of nuclear techniques (Invited paper) (IAEA-SM-263/38) 177 W. Klein, I. Scheunert Effects of fertilizers, fungicides and herbicides on the fate of 14C-parathion and 14C-fonofos in soils and crops (Abstract only) (IAEA-SM-263/60) .... 207 E.P. Lichtenstein, ¡.Ferris, T.T. Liang, M. Koeppe Fate of 2,4D herbicide in soil-plant ecosystems (Abstract only) (IAEA-SM-263/59) 208 G. O nal, К. Gôzek Behaviour of carbaryl in soils under the influence of different carbon sources (Abstract only) (IAEA-SM-263/58) 209 E.F. Rüegg, R. Hirata, L.C. Luchini, T.B. Mesquita PESTICIDE METABOLISM IN PLANTS (Session V) Metabolism of pesticides in plants: some applications of nuclear techniques (Invited paper) (IAEA-SM-263/39) 213 K.A. Lord Controlled release formulations of agricultural chemicals (Invited paper) (IAEA-SM-263/43) 223 N.F. Cardarelli, B.M. Cardarelli Estudio comparativo de persistencia de tres insecticidas clorinados en lechuga por cromatografía gaseosa (Poster presentation) (IAEA-SM-263/16) 245 M. Bolaños de Moreno, J. Molineros Etude sur les résidus de produits phytosanitaires dans les cultures de tomates et de petits pois (Poster presentation) (IAEA-SM-263/5) 247 D. Géniaut-Souchon Contribution de l'activation neutronique a posteriori à l'amélioration des techniques de traitements phytosanitaires (Poster presentation) (IAEA-SM-263/2) 248 / M.-Ch. Gasia, Ph. Dreze, R. Caussin Détermination du mercure, du manganèse, du cuivre et d'autres éléments dans le sol et les plantes à l'aide de l'analyse d'activation de neutrons après utilisation de pesticides (Poster presentation) (IAEA-SM-263/17) 250/ C. Gountchev, I. Eftimov PESTICIDES IN FOOD (Session VI) Pharmacokinetic studies on 14C-labelled phenanthridine and aromatic diamidine drugs used to control African trypanosomiasis in domestic animals (Invited paper) (IAEA-SM-263/44) 255 B.A. Newton, R.J. Gilbert Uptake and distribution of soil-applied labelled heavy metals in cereal plants and products (Abstract only) (IAEA-SM-263/64) 267 H.E. Oberldnder, K. Roth Uptake and clearance of mercury (203Hg(NO3)2) in the Guppie (Lebistes reticulatus) (Poster presentation) (IAEA-SM-263/21 ) 268 JR. Ferreira, N.S. Rodrigues, R.B. Sgrillo, V.F. Nascimento /•-, L.A. Martinelli, M.C.W. Brito A study on the fate of 14C-radiolabelled chlorpyrifos-methyl on wheat grain (Poster presentation) (IAEA-SM-263/4) 271 P.H. Adams Metabolism of the organophosphorous insecticide butonate in water, plants and animals (Poster presentation) (IAEA-SM-263/9) 272 W. Dedek FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES (Session
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