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The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India

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The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India THE AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA OF INDIA PART - II (FORMULATIONS) VOLUME - II First Edition GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF AYURVEDA, YOGA & NATUROPATHY, UNANI, SIDDHA AND HOMOEOPATHY, NEW DELHI 2008 PDH, 66 Part II, Vol. II 5000-2008 (DSK II) ©2008, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India Department of Ayurveda, Yoga – Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha & Homeopathy (AYUSH) Effective from 1st January, 2009 Price : Inland Rs. 500/- Foreign US $ 100/- ISBN : 978 – 81 905952 – 0 – 9 Published by : THE CONTROLLER OF PUBLICATIONS CIVIL LINES, DELHI - 110054 On Behalf of : GOVERNMENT OF INDIA DEPARTMENT OF AYURVEDA, YOGA-NATUROPATHY UNANI, SIDDHA AND HOMOEOPATHY (AYUSH) INDIAN RED CROSS SOCIETY BUILDING, SANSAD MARG, NEW DELHI WEB SITE: www.indianmedicine.nic.in Printed at : Cirrus Graphics Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi CONTENTS PAGE LEGAL NOTICES - - XIII GENERAL NOTICES - - XIV PREFACE - - XXV INTRODUCTION - - XXVIII MONOGRAPHS Ësava and AriÀ¶a General Description 1 1. Abhay¡riÀ¶a (A.F.I. - I) 2 2. Am¤t¡riÀ¶a (A.F.I. - I) 5 3. Aravind¡sava (A.F.I. - I) 8 4. A¿°k¡riÀ¶a (A.F.I. - I) 10 5. A¿vagandh¡dyariÀ¶a (A.F.I. - I) 13 6. Babb£l¡riÀ¶a (A.F.I. - II) 16 7. Bal¡riÀ¶a (A.F.I. - I) 19 8. Da¿am£l¡riÀ¶a (A.F.I. - I) 21 9. Dr¡kÀ¡riÀ¶a (A.F.I. - I) 25 10. Dr¡kÀ¡sava (A.F.I. - II) 27 11. J¢rak¡dyariÀ¶a (A.F.I. - I) 29 12. Kanak¡sava (A.F.I. - I) 31 13. Khadir¡riÀ¶a (A.F.I. - I) 33 14. Kum¡ry¡sava (B) (A.F.I. - I) 36 . 15. Ku¶aj¡riÀ¶a (A.F.I. - I) 39 16. L°h¡sava (A.F.I. - I) 42 17. Mustak¡riÀ¶a (A.F.I. - I) 45 18. P¡rth¡dyariÀ¶a (A.F.I. - I) 47 19. Pippaly¡dy¡sava (A.F.I. - I) 49 20. Punarnav¡dyariÀ¶a (A.F.I. - II) 52 21. Punarnav¡sava (A.F.I. - I) 55 22. R°h¢tak¡riÀ¶a (A.F.I. - I) 58 23. S¡riv¡dy¡sava (A.F.I. - I) 60 24. U¿¢r¡sava (A.F.I. - I) 63 Aval®ha: General Description 66 25. Da¿am£la Har¢tak¢ (A.F.I. - I) 67 26. Dr¡kÀ¡val®ha (A.F.I. - I) 71 27. Ól¡dya M°daka (A.F.I. - I) 74 28. Madhusnuh¢ Ras¡yana (A.F.I. - I) 76 C£r¸a: General Description 79 29. Bh¡skaralava¸a C£r¸a (A.F.I. - I) 80 30. G°m£tra Har¢tak¢ (A.F.I. - I) 83 31. J¡t¢phal¡dya C£r¸a (A.F.I. - I) 86 32. N¡rasiÆha C£r¸a (A.F.I. - I) 88 Gh¤ta: General Description 90 33. D¡·im¡di Gh¤ta - A (A.F.I. - I) 92 D¡·im¡di Gh¤ta - B (A.F.I. - I) 94 34. Induk¡nta Gh¤ta - A (A.F.I. - I) 96 Induk¡nta Gh¤ta - B (A.F.I. - I) 99 35. Mah¡triphal¡dya Gh¤ta (A.F.I. - I) 102 36. Tiktaka Gh¤ta - A (A.F.I. - I) 105 Tiktaka Gh¤ta - B (A.F.I. - I) 108 Guggulu: General Description 111 37. G°kÀur¡di Guggulu (A.F.I. - I) 112 38. K¡µcan¡ra Guggulu (A.F.I. - I) 115 39. L¡kÀ¡ Guggulu (A.F.I. - I) 117 40. Paµc¡m¤ta L°ha Guggulu (A.F.I. - II) 119 41. Paµcatikta Guggulu Gh¤ta (A.F.I. - I) 121 42. Punarnav¡ Guggulu (A.F.I. - II) 124 43. SaptaviÆ¿atikta Guggulu (A.F.I. - I) 127 44. SiÆhan¡da Guggulu (A.F.I. - I) 130 45. Tray°da¿¡´ga Guggulu (A.F.I. - I) 132 46. Triphal¡ Guggulu (A.F.I. - I) 134 47. V¡t¡ri Guggulu (A.F.I. - I) 136 48. Vy°À¡di Guggulu (A.F.I. - I) 138 49. Y°gar¡ja Guggulu (A.F.I. - I) 141 Taila: General Description 144 50. áamb£k¡dya Taila (A.F.I. - II) 146 Device: 51. KÀ¡ras£tra 148 APPENDIX – 1. Apparatus for Tests & Assays 153 1.1 Nessler Cylinders 153 1.2 Sieves 153 1.3 Thermometer 154 1.4 Ultraviolet Lamps 154 1.5 Volumetric Glassware 155 1.6 Weights and Balances 155 1.7 Muslin Cloth 155 APPENDIX – 2. Tests and Determinations 156 2.1 Microscopic Identification 156 2.2. Determination of Quantitative Data 159 2.2.1. Net Content 159 2.2.2. Foreign Matter 159 2.2.3. Determination of Total Ash 160 2.2.4. Determination of Acid-Insoluble Ash 160 2.2.5. Determination of Water-Soluble Ash 160 2.2.6. Determination of Sulphated Ash 160 2.2.7. Determination of Alcohol-Soluble Extractive 160 2.2.8. Determination of Water-Soluble Extractive 161 2.2.9. Determination of Ether-Soluble Extractive (Fixed Oil Content) 161 2.2.10. Determination of Moisture Content (Loss on Drying) 161 2.2.11. Determination of Volatile Oil in Drugs 161 2.2.12. Special Processes Used In Alkaloidal Assays 163 2.2.13. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) 164 2.2.14. Starch Estimation (Mont Gomery, 1957) 166 2.2.15. Sugar Estimation (Mont Gomery, 1957) 167 2.2.16. Fatty oil Estimation 167 2.2.17. Protein Estimation (Lowry et al, 1951) 167 2.2.18. Method for Alkaloid Estimation 167 2.3. Limit Tests 168 2.3.1. Limit Test for Arsenic 168 2.3.2. Limit Test for Chlorides 173 2.3.3. Limit Test for Heavy Metals 173 2.3.4. Limit Test for Iron 176 2.3.5. Limit Test for Lead 176 2.3.6. Limit Test for Sulphates 178 2.3.7. Heavy Metals by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry 178 2.4. Microbial Limit Tests 184 2.4.1. Total Aerobic Microbial Count 193 2.4.2. Tests for Specified Micro-organisms 195 2.5. Pesticide Residues 200 2.5.1. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Pesticide Residues 201 2.5.2. Test for Pesticides 203 2.5.3. Quantitative Analysis 204 2.6. Gas Chromatography 207 2.7. Test for Aflatoxin 209 2.8. Test for the absence of Methanol 211 APPENDIX – 3. Physical Tests and Determinations 212 3.1. Refractive Index 212 3.2. Weight per Millilitre and Specific Gravity 212 3.3. Determination of pH Value 213 3.4. Determination of Melting and Congealing Range 214 3.4.1 Determination of Melting Range 214 3.4.2 Determination of Congealing Range 216 3.5 Determination of Boiling Range 217 3.6. Determination of Optical Rotation 218 3.7. Determination of Viscosity 220 3.8. Determination Total Solids 221 3.9 Solubility in Water 221 3.10. Determination of Saponification Value 221 3.11. Determination of Iodine Value 222 3.12. Determination of Acid Value 223 3.13. Determination of Peroxide Value 223 3.14. Determination of Unsaponifiable Matter 224 3.15. Detection of Mineral Oil (Holde’s Test) 225 3.16. Rancidity Test (Kreis Test) 225 3.17. Determination of Alcohol Content 225 APPENDIX – 4. Reagents and Solution 230 APPENDIX – 5. Chemical Tests and Assays 263 5.1.1. Estimation of Total Phenolics 263 5.1.2. Estimation of Total Tannins 263 5.1.3. Estimation of Sugars 264 5.1.3.1. Nelson - Somogyi Photometric Method 264 5.1.3.2. Reducing and Non-Reducing sugar 265 5.1.4. Estimation of Curcumin by TLC Densitometer 266 5.2.1. Determination of Aluminium 267 5.2.2. Determination of Borax 268 5.2.3. Determination of Calcium 268 5.2.4. Determination of Copper 268 5.2.5. Determination of Iron (Fe) 269 5.2.6. Determination of Magnesium 270 5.2.7. Determination of Mercury 270 5.2.8. Determination of Silica (SiO2) 270 5.2.9. Estimation of Sodium and Potassium by Flame Photometry 271 5.2.10. Determination of Sodium chloride 271 6.2.7.13. Vijay¡ á°dhana 279 6.2.7.14. K¡¿¢¿a á°dhana 280 6.2.7.15. P¡rada S¡m¡nya á°dhana 280 6.2.7.16. AÀ¶asaÆsk¡ra of P¡rada 280 6.2.8. M£rcchana 284 6.2.8.1. M£rcchana of Óra¸·a Taila 284 6.2.8.2. M£rcchana of Gh¤ta 285 6.2.8.3. M£rcchana of Taila 286 6.3. Yantra Paribh¡À¡ 287 6.3.1. Khalva Yantra 287 6.3.2. Tiryak P¡tana Yantra 287 6.3.3. Úamar£ Yantra 287 6.3.4. D°l¡ Yantra 287 APPENDIX – 7. KÀ¡ras£tra 288 7.1. Methods of Physical Test 288 7.2. Methods of Chemical Test 288 APPENDIX – 8. Weights and Measures 291 8.1 Metric Equivalents of Classical Weights and Measures 291 8.2 Metric System 292 APPENDIX – 9. Classical Ayurvedic References 293 APPENDIX – 10. List of Single Drugs used in Formulations, with Latin 316 Nomenclature 10.1 List of Single Drugs of Animal origin used in Formulations, with equivalent English name 316 10.2 List of Single Drugs of metal /mineral origin used in Formulations, with equivalent English name 316 10.3 List of Single Drugs of plant origin used in Formulation, with Latin Nomenclature 317 APPENDIX – 11. Bibliography 322 LEGAL NOTICES In India there are laws dealing with drugs that are the subject of monographs which follow. These monographs should be read subject to the restrictions imposed by these laws wherever they are applicable.
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