WWV, WWVH, and WWVB
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Quantitative Analysis and Correction of Temperature Effects On
sustainability Article Quantitative Analysis and Correction of Temperature Effects on Fluorescent Tracer Concentration Measurement Zhihong Zhang 1,2, Heping Zhu 2,* and Huseyin Guler 3 1 College of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; [email protected] 2 USDA-ARS Application Technology Research Unit, Wooster, OH 44691, USA 3 Department of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Turkey; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-330-263-3871 Received: 20 March 2020; Accepted: 27 May 2020; Published: 2 June 2020 Abstract: To ensure an accurate evaluation of pesticide spray application efficiency and pesticide mixture uniformity, reliable and accurate measurements of fluorescence concentrations in spray solutions are critical. The objectives of this research were to examine the effects of solution temperature on measured concentrations of fluorescent tracers as the simulated pesticides and to develop models to correct the deviation of measurements caused by temperature variations. Fluorescent tracers (Brilliant Sulfaflavine (BSF), Eosin, Fluorescein sodium salt) were selected for tests with the solution temperatures ranging from 10.0 ◦C to 45.0 ◦C. The results showed that the measured concentrations of BSF decreased as the solution temperature increased, and the decrement rate was high at the beginning and then slowed down and tended to become constant. In contrast, the concentrations of Eosin decreased slowly at the beginning and then noticeably increased as temperatures increased. On the other hand, the concentrations of Fluorescein sodium salt had little variations with its solution temperature. To ensure the measurement accuracy, correction models were developed using the response surface methodology to numerically correct the measured concentration errors due to variations with the solution temperature. -
QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE Latitude, Longitude and Associated Metadata
QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE Latitude, Longitude and Associated Metadata The Property Profile Form (PPF) requests the property name, address, city, state and zip. From these address fields, ACRES interfaces with Google Maps and extracts the latitude and longitude (lat/long) for the property location. ACRES sets the remaining property geographic information to default values. The data (known collectively as “metadata”) are required by EPA Data Standards. Should an ACRES user need to be update the metadata, the Edit Fields link on the PPF provides the ability to change the information. Before the metadata were populated by ACRES, the data were entered manually. There may still be the need to do so, for example some properties do not have a specific street address (e.g. a rural property located on a state highway) or an ACRES user may have an exact lat/long that is to be used. This Quick Reference Guide covers how to find latitude and longitude, define the metadata, fill out the associated fields in a Property Work Package, and convert latitude and longitude to decimal degree format. This explains how the metadata were determined prior to September 2011 (when the Google Maps interface was added to ACRES). Definitions Below are definitions of the six data elements for latitude and longitude data that are collected in a Property Work Package. The definitions below are based on text from the EPA Data Standard. Latitude: Is the measure of the angular distance on a meridian north or south of the equator. Latitudinal lines run horizontal around the earth in parallel concentric lines from the equator to each of the poles. -
Reception of Low Frequency Time Signals
Reprinted from I-This reDort show: the Dossibilitks of clock svnchronization using time signals I 9 transmitted at low frequencies. The study was madr by obsirvins pulses Vol. 6, NO. 9, pp 13-21 emitted by HBC (75 kHr) in Switxerland and by WWVB (60 kHr) in tha United States. (September 1968), The results show that the low frequencies are preferable to the very low frequencies. Measurementi show that by carefully selecting a point on the decay curve of the pulse it is possible at distances from 100 to 1000 kilo- meters to obtain time measurements with an accuracy of +40 microseconds. A comparison of the theoretical and experimental reiulb permib the study of propagation conditions and, further, shows the drsirability of transmitting I seconds pulses with fixed envelope shape. RECEPTION OF LOW FREQUENCY TIME SIGNALS DAVID H. ANDREWS P. E., Electronics Consultant* C. CHASLAIN, J. DePRlNS University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium 1. INTRODUCTION parisons of atomic clocks, it does not suffice for clock For several years the phases of VLF and LF carriers synchronization (epoch setting). Presently, the most of standard frequency transmitters have been monitored accurate technique requires carrying portable atomic to compare atomic clock~.~,*,3 clocks between the laboratories to be synchronized. No matter what the accuracies of the various clocks may be, The 24-hour phase stability is excellent and allows periodic synchronization must be provided. Actually frequency calibrations to be made with an accuracy ap- the observed frequency deviation of 3 x 1o-l2 between proaching 1 x 10-11. It is well known that over a 24- cesium controlled oscillators amounts to a timing error hour period diurnal effects occur due to propagation of about 100T microseconds, where T, given in years, variations. -
AN 307: Altera Design Flow for Xilinx Users Supersedes Information Published in Previous Versions
Altera Design Flow for Xilinx Users June 2005, ver. 5.0 Application Note 307 Introduction Designing for Altera® Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs) is very similar, both in concept and in practice, to designing for Xilinx PLDs. In most cases, you can simply import your register transfer level (RTL) into Altera’s Quartus® II software and begin compiling your design to the target device. This document will demonstrate the similar flows between the Altera Quartus II software and the Xilinx ISE software. For designs, which the designer has included Xilinx CORE generator modules or instantiated primitives, the bulk of this document guides the designer in design conversion considerations. Who Should Read This Document The first and third sections of this application note are designed for engineers who are familiar with the Xilinx ISE software and are using Altera’s Quartus II software. This first section describes the possible design flows available with the Altera Quartus II software and demonstrates how similar they are to the Xilinx ISE flows. The third section shows you how to convert your ISE constraints into Quartus II constraints. f For more information on setting up your design in the Quartus II software, refer to the Altera Quick Start Guide For Quartus II Software. The second section of this application note is designed for engineers whose design code contains Xilinx CORE generator modules or instantiated primitives. The second section provides comprehensive information on how to migrate a design targeted at a Xilinx device to one that is compatible with an Altera device. If your design contains pure behavioral coding, you can skip the second section entirely. -
75324T-Instructions.Pdf
Atomic Digital Clock with indoor/outdoor temperature, calendar and moon phase MODEL # 75324T USER GUIDE Package Contents: (1) Atomic Digital Clock (1) Wireless Outdoor Temperature Sensor (1) User Guide NOTE: A clear protective flm is applied to the LCD at the What You’ll Need: factory that must be removed prior to using this product. (8) AA Batteries Locate the clear tab and simply peel to remove. Thank you for purchasing this quality TIMEX® brand product. Please read these instructions COMPLETELY to fully understand the features and functions of this clock, and to enjoy its benefts. Make sure to keep this guide handy for future reference. To receive product information, register your product online. It's quick & easy! Log on to http://www.chaneyinstrument.com/ProductReg.aspx WHAT IS AN ATOMIC CLOCK? An Atomic clock is a timepiece that maintains accuracy up to one second per million years using the most precise method of time synchronization, radio signals. In North America, the National Institute of Standards and Technologies (NIST) operates an Atomic clock in Fort Collins, Colorado, that transmits the time codes via the radio station WWVB. Please DO NOT return product to the retail store. For technical assistance This quality TIMEX® clock includes a built-in receiver that picks up the Atomic radio signal from WWVB. To and product return information, please call technical support @ 877-221-1252 maintain the best possible reception, place the unit so that the backside faces in the general direction of Monday - Friday -- 8:00 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. CST Colorado. What's more, the IntelliTime® technology built into this clock makes for hassle-free automatic setting and resetting for daylight saving time. -
Flexible. Affordable. Built to Last. 2 It’S a Good Bet There’S Not a Single Person in America, Who’S Listened to The
D-75 STANDALONE AND D-75N NETWORKABLE DIGITAL AUDIO CONSOLES Flexible. Affordable. Built To Last. 2 It’s a good bet there’s not a single person in America, who’s listened to the radio in the last 10 years, who hasn’t heard an Audioarts radio console in action. That’s how pervasive and powerful this product line is. 3 Wheatstone D-75 STANDALONE DIGITAL AUDIO CONSOLE When it comes to radio consoles, Wheatstone’s Audioarts is Individual plug-in the de facto standard. And our D-75 is the state of the art. modules make It’s got everything you need to produce, air and manage all of installation and your programs. It’s powerful and flexible enough to please any service a breeze. engineer, simple enough that even guest talent feel at home and Configuration is as cost-effective enough to make management smile. simple as setting the front panel dipswitches Available in two frame sizes, 12 input (13 max) and 18 input concealed under the (21 max), the D-75 comes standard with 4 mic preamps and hinged meterbridge. gives you plenty of stereo busses, dual phone caller capability Digital and analog input channel daughtercards make field and a comprehensive monitor section that provides separate conversions simple and fast. Easy access logic programming feeds to control room/headphone and studio monitor outputs. dipswitches make configuration changes a snap. Plus, the D-75 gives you an output module, external power supply, two LED meter pairs, digital clock and timer, headphone Best of all, the D-75 is designed by the Wheatstone engineering jack, and built-in cue speaker (dual phone module and line team so you know its construction quality and performance selector module shown are optional). -
5G; 5G System; Binding Support Management Service; Stage 3 (3GPP TS 29.521 Version 15.3.0 Release 15)
ETSI TS 129 521 V15.3.0 (2019-04) TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION 5G; 5G System; Binding Support Management Service; Stage 3 (3GPP TS 29.521 version 15.3.0 Release 15) 3GPP TS 29.521 version 15.3.0 Release 15 1 ETSI TS 129 521 V15.3.0 (2019-04) Reference RTS/TSGC-0329521vf30 Keywords 5G ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88 Important notice The present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org/standards-search The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the prevailing version of an ETSI deliverable is the one made publicly available in PDF format at www.etsi.org/deliver. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at https://portal.etsi.org/TB/ETSIDeliverableStatus.aspx If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: https://portal.etsi.org/People/CommiteeSupportStaff.aspx Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI. -
Report on the 1975 Survey of Users of the Services of Radio Stations Wwv and Wwvh
'JM ^^ t*.;: .,-.;, .'-ti ^^#' • J* .^: '•^i'-^v'-' '- \ • REFERENCE N B S V U) NBS TECHNICAL NOTE 674 ^''fff AU O* * U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE/National Bureau of Standards Report On The 1975 Survey of Users of the Services of Radio Stations WWY and WWYH /OO ' .6/5753 . no,(o7i . /975, NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS The National Bureau of Standards' was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau consists of the Institute for Basic Standards, the Institute for Materials Research, the Institute for Applied Technology, the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology, and the Office for Information Programs. THE INSTITUTE FOR BASIC STANDARDS provides the central basis within the United States of a complete and consistent system of physical measurement; coordinates that system with measurement systems of other nations; and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical measurements throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and commerce. The Institute consists of the Office of Measurement Services, the Office of Radiation Measurement and the following Center and divisions: Applied Mathematics — Electricity — Mechanics — Heat — Optical Physics — Center for Radiation Research: Nuclear Sciences; Applied Radiation — Laboratory Astrophysics ° — Cryogenics" — Electromagnetics" — Time and Frequency". -
A Stability Analysis of Divergence Damping on a Latitude–Longitude Grid
2976 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW VOLUME 139 A Stability Analysis of Divergence Damping on a Latitude–Longitude Grid JARED P. WHITEHEAD Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan CHRISTIANE JABLONOWSKI AND RICHARD B. ROOD Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan PETER H. LAURITZEN Climate and Global Dynamics Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research,* Boulder, Colorado (Manuscript received 24 August 2010, in final form 25 March 2011) ABSTRACT The dynamical core of an atmospheric general circulation model is engineered to satisfy a delicate balance between numerical stability, computational cost, and an accurate representation of the equations of motion. It generally contains either explicitly added or inherent numerical diffusion mechanisms to control the buildup of energy or enstrophy at the smallest scales. The diffusion fosters computational stability and is sometimes also viewed as a substitute for unresolved subgrid-scale processes. A particular form of explicitly added diffusion is horizontal divergence damping. In this paper a von Neumann stability analysis of horizontal divergence damping on a latitude–longitude grid is performed. Stability restrictions are derived for the damping coefficients of both second- and fourth- order divergence damping. The accuracy of the theoretical analysis is verified through the use of idealized dynamical core test cases that include the simulation of gravity waves and a baroclinic wave. The tests are applied to the finite-volume dynamical core of NCAR’s Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5). Investigation of the amplification factor for the divergence damping mechanisms explains how small-scale meridional waves found in a baroclinic wave test case are not eliminated by the damping. -
UA509: DCF77 Radio Clock DCF77 Radio Clock UA509 with 2 Serial Interfaces, Pulses Per Minute and Per Second, and a 2.5Mm LED Display
Meinberg Radio Clocks Auf der Landwehr 22 31812 Bad Pyrmont, Germany Phone: +49 (5281) 9309-0 Fax: +49 (5281) 9309-30 http://www.meinberg.de [email protected] UA509: DCF77 Radio Clock DCF77 Radio Clock UA509 with 2 serial interfaces, pulses per minute and per second, and a 2.5mm LED Display. Key Features - Direct conversion Quadrature Receiver - Pulses per second and per minute - 20mA input/output circuits - 2,5mm LED-display - 2 RS232 interfaces - Receiver status LEDs - Buffered hardware clock - Flash-EPROM with bootstrap loader rev 2006.0615.1425 Page 1/3 ua509 Description The hardware of UA509 is a 100mm x 160mm microprocessor board. The 20mm wide front panel contains an 8-digit LED display (2.5mm), three LED indicators and a time/date switch. The receiver is connected to the external ferrite antenna AI01 that is included in the sope of supply by the 5 meter 50 ohm coaxial cable (other lengths available). The radio controlled clock UA509 has been designed for applications where two independent serial interfaces are needed. The UA509 contains a flash EPROM with bootstrap loader that allows to upload a new firmware via the serial interface without removal of the clock. Characteristics Type of receiver Narrowband DCF77 quadrature receiver with automatic gain control, bandwidth: approx. 20Hz Display 8 digit 7-segment LED display (2.5mm) for time or date (switch-selectable) optional: 20HP (100mm) wide front panel with 10mm height 7-segment LED display Status info Modulation and field strength visualized by LEDs Free running state visualized by LED after switching to free running quartz clock mode Synchronization time 2-3 minutes after correct DCF77 signal reception Accuracy free run Accuracy of the quartz base after min. -
Bulletin of the DANISH SHORT WAVE CLUB INTERNATIONAL for Short Wave Listeners and Dxers No 9 December 2009 Volume 52
Bulletin of the DANISH SHORT WAVE CLUB INTERNATIONAL for short wave listeners and DXers No 9 December 2009 Volume 52 Our German member, no. 3700 Dieter Sommer The equipment is Yaesu FT840, Sangean ATS-909 modifed, a T2FD antenna and a GP horizontal antenna. Dieter writes that he prefers Utility, Pirate and BC DX-ing Dieter has more than 200 countries verified He is 56 years old and have been DX-ing in about 43 years Editorial Staff: ISSN 0106-3731 Danish Short Wave Club International Shortwave Tips: Tavleager 31, DK-2670 Greve, Denmark Klaus-Dieter Scholz, Home page: http://www.dswci.org Postfach 45 02 34, D-99052 Erfurt, Germany Board: Tel.: +49 (0)361 –- 21 68 96 5, Fax: +49(0) 69 - 13 30 63 72 07 8 Chairman and representative to the EDXC: Web::http://www.dswci-sw-logs.dxer.info/yourlogs.htm Anker Petersen, E-mail: [email protected] Udbyvej 11, DK-2740 Skovlunde, Denmark Utility Shack: E-mail: [email protected] Tor-Henrik Ekblom, Treasurer: Solvindsgatan 7 A 20, FI-00990 Helsingfors, Finland Bent Nielsen, E-mail: [email protected] Egekrogen 14, DK-3500 Vaerloese, Denmark World News: E-mail: [email protected] Sakthi Jaisakthivel, Bank: Danske Bank, 59,Annai Sathya Nagar, Arumbakkam, Chennai-600106,India.: Holmens Kanal 2-12, DK 1092 Copenhagen K. E-mail:[email protected] BIC: DABADKKK. Account: DK 44 3000 4001 528459. QSL Corner: Danish members use: Reg. 3001- account no. 4001528459 Andreas Schmid, The treasurer accepts bank notes! Lerchenweg 4, D-97717 Euerdorf, Germany Editor-in-Chief and Distribution: E-mail: [email protected] Kaj Bredahl Jørgensen, Tel. -
NIST Time and Frequency Services (NIST Special Publication 432)
Time & Freq Sp Publication A 2/13/02 5:24 PM Page 1 NIST Special Publication 432, 2002 Edition NIST Time and Frequency Services Michael A. Lombardi Time & Freq Sp Publication A 2/13/02 5:24 PM Page 2 Time & Freq Sp Publication A 4/22/03 1:32 PM Page 3 NIST Special Publication 432 (Minor text revisions made in April 2003) NIST Time and Frequency Services Michael A. Lombardi Time and Frequency Division Physics Laboratory (Supersedes NIST Special Publication 432, dated June 1991) January 2002 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Donald L. Evans, Secretary TECHNOLOGY ADMINISTRATION Phillip J. Bond, Under Secretary for Technology NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY Arden L. Bement, Jr., Director Time & Freq Sp Publication A 2/13/02 5:24 PM Page 4 Certain commercial entities, equipment, or materials may be identified in this document in order to describe an experimental procedure or concept adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the entities, materials, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY SPECIAL PUBLICATION 432 (SUPERSEDES NIST SPECIAL PUBLICATION 432, DATED JUNE 1991) NATL. INST.STAND.TECHNOL. SPEC. PUBL. 432, 76 PAGES (JANUARY 2002) CODEN: NSPUE2 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 2002 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Website: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: (202) 512-1800 Fax: (202)