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Chromosome Numbers of 50 Vascular Plants in South Korea Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 9 (2016) 496e504 HOSTED BY Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/japb Short communication Chromosome numbers of 50 vascular plants in South Korea Gyu-Young Chung a, Bo-mi Nam a, Mi-Jung Choi b, Hyeon-Do Jang c, Hyeok-Jae Choi b,*, Byoung-Un Oh c a School of Bioresource Science, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea b Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Gyeongnam, South Korea c Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheungju, South Korea article info abstract Article history: Variation or constancy in the chromosome number within taxa of different categories have been proven to be Received 29 March 2016 important characters for taxonomic groupings. In order to expand the current knowledge on somatic chro- Received in revised form mosome numbers of South Korean vascular plants, chromosome counts were made for 50 species (38 genera 27 June 2016 of 17 families). The first chromosome information for Glaux maritima var. obtusifolia Fernald, Hemerocallis Accepted 23 August 2016 hakuunensis Nakai, Hylotelephium verticillatum (L.) H. Ohba, Orostachys iwarenge f. magnus Y.N. Lee, and Available online 30 August 2016 Teucrium viscidum var.miquelianum(Maxim.) Hara is presented. New chromosome numbers compared with previous studies are also counted in Aconitum pseudolaeve Nakai, Securinega suffruticosa (Pall.) Rehder, and Keywords: chromosome numbers Tricyrtis macropoda Miq., respectively. In addition, Eupatorium japonicum Thunb. is proven to show polyploidy South Korea with tetra- and pentaploid. Among studied species, the diploids (66%) and tetraploids (24%) prevail. vascular plants Copyright Ó 2016, National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA). Production and hosting by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Introduction and staining with 1% acetoeorcein for 8 hours, the material was squashed for observation in 45% acetic acid. More than 10 chro- Usually, all individuals within a species possess the same chro- mosome micrographs were observed for each accession using an mosome number (CN). However, plants with different CNs are not optical microscope (Olympus AX-70). Semipermanent microscope frequently found within the bounds of one taxonomic species slides and photographs of representative cells have been retained (Friesen 1992). In angiosperms, the haploid chromosome number in the plant taxonomy laboratory of the Changwon National Uni- varies between n ¼ 2andn ¼ 132, but the majority of them show a versity, South Korea. Voucher specimens are preserved in the Korea range between n ¼ 7andn ¼ 12 (Sharma 2009). Variation or con- National Herbarium. The first chromosome data for the species are stancy in the CN within taxa of different categories have been proven indicated by (*), and the new CNs are marked with (!). Previously to be important characters for taxonomic groupings (Sharma 2009). published results (PCN) and basic CN (BCN) for the genus are also In order to expand the current knowledge on somatic CNs, we pre- presented based on the references. sent results of a CN study of plant species from South Korea. Results Materials and methods Aizoaceae Shoot tips were pretreated in 0.002M 8-hydroxyquinoline for 1. Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pall.) Kuntze, 2n [ 4x [ 32 4e6 hours in total darkness at 4C and then fixed in Carnoy’s fluid (Figure 1A) (three parts absolute ethanol: one part glacial acetic acid, volume/ Voucher. Uljin-gun (Ugihang)-130602-001. [PCN]: 2n ¼ 16 volume) for 1 hour at room temperature 23C. The shoot tips were (Dequan and Hartmann 2003), 2n ¼ 32 (Beuzenberg and Hair macerated in 1M hydrochloric acid at 60C for 10e15 seconds. After 1959). [BCN]: x ¼ 8(Darlington and Wylie 1945; Hsu 1968). washing three to five times to eliminate residual hydrochloric acid Asclepiadaceae * þ Corresponding author. Tel. 82 55 213 3457. [ E-mail address: [email protected] (H.-J. Choi). 2. Cynanchum paniculatum (Bunge) Kitag. ex H. Hara, 2n 2x [ Peer review under responsibility of National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and 22 Korea National Arboretum (KNA). (Figure 1B) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2016.08.001 pISSN2287-884X eISSN2287-9544/Copyright Ó 2016, National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA). Production and hosting by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). GY Chung et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 9 (2016) 496e504 497 Figure 1. Mitotic metaphase chromosomes of vascular plants in South Korea. A, Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall.) Kuntze; B, Cynanchum paniculatum (Bunge) Kitag; C, Impatiens textori Miq; D, Chenopodium album var. centrorubrum Makino; E, C. ficifolium Smith; F, C. glaucum L; G, Salicornia europaea L; H, Salsola komarovii Iljin; I, Suaeda japonica Makino; J, K, Eupatorium japonicum Thunb; L, Lactuca indica L; M, Saussurea gracilis Maxim; N, Solidago virgaurea subsp. gigantean (Nakai) Kitam; O, Hylotelephium verticillatum (L.) H. Ohba; P, Orostachys iwarenge f. magnus Y. N. Lee; Q, Sedum latiovalifolium Y. N. Lee; R, Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum (Desv.) Und. ex Heller; S, Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata; T, E. esula L; U, E. jolkini Boiss; V, E. pekinensis Rupr; W, E. sieboldiana Morren & Decne; X, Securinega suffruticosa (Pall.) Rehder. 498 GY Chung et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 9 (2016) 496e504 Figure 2. Mitotic metaphase chromosomes of vascular plants in South Korea. A, Geranium eriostemon Fisher ex DC; B, G. koreanum Kom; C, G. sibiricum L; D, G. thunbergii Siebold & Zucc; E, G. wilfordii Maxim; F, Ajuga spectabilis Nakai; G, Teucrium viscidum var. miquelianum (Maxim.) Hara; H, Lespedeza pilosa (Thunb.) Siebold & Zucc; I, Thermopsis lupinoides (L.) GY Chung et al. / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 9 (2016) 496e504 499 Voucher. Uiryeong-gun (Hanusan)-140702-007. [PCN]: 2n ¼ 22 Voucher. Bonghwa-gun (Cheongnyang-san)-140905-211. [PCN]: (Probatova 2000). [BCN]: x ¼ 11 (Kwon 2013). 2n ¼ 30, 31, 40, 50 (Huziwara 1955). [BCN]: x ¼ 10, 17 (Darlington and Wylie 1945). Balsaminaceae 3. Impatiens textori Miq., 2n [ 2x [ 20 11. Lactuca indica L., 2n [ 2x [ 18 (Figure 1C) (Figure 1L) Voucher. Geoje-si (Samgeo-dong)-140816-001 (Korea National Voucher. Gimcheon-si (Daedeok-san)-130505-038. [PCN]: Herbarium). [PCN]: 2n ¼ 20 (Lee 1967; Iwatsubo and Naruhashi 2n ¼ 18 (Peng and Hsu 1977, 1978; Yan et al 1995). [BCN]: x ¼ 8, 9 1999). [BCN]: x ¼ 7, 8, 9, 10 (Darlington and Wylie 1945). (Park 2007b). Chenopodiaceae 12. Saussurea gracilis Maxim., 2n [ 2x [ 26 [ [ 4. Chenopodium album var. centrorubrum Makino, 2n 6x 54 (Figure 1M) (Figure 1D) Voucher.Sinan-gun(Daeheuksando)-100805-043. [PCN]: 2n ¼ 26 Voucher. Andong-si (Songcheon-dong)-130601-002. [PCN]: (Shimizu 1977). [BCN]: x ¼ 9, 13 (Darlington and Wylie 1945). 2n ¼ 54 (Tanaka and Tanaka 1980). [BCN]: x ¼ 9(Chung et al 2011). 13. Solidago virgaurea subsp. gigantean (Nakai) Kitam., 2n [ 2x fi [ [ 5. C. cifolium Sm., 2n 2x 18 [ 18 (Figure 1E) (Figure 1N) ¼ Voucher. Andong-si (Songcheon-dong)-130601-001. [PCN]: 2n 18 Voucher. Ulleung-gun (Seonginbongwonsirim)-090831-014. [PCN]: (Bouchard et al 1978; Gervais 1979a; Schwarzova 1978, 1980; 2n ¼ 18 (Huziwara 1962). [BCN]: x ¼ 9(Szymura and Szymura 2013). Dvorak et al 1980; Buttler 1989; Turala-Sybowska 1991; Lomono- sova and Krasnikov 1994; Dobea et al 1997; Al-Turki et al 1999, Crassulaceae ¼ 2000; Probatova et al 1998; Rahiminejad and Gornall 2004), 2n 14. (*) Hylotelephium verticillatum (L.) H. Ohba, 2n [ 4x [ 48 18, 36 (Kawatani and Ohno 1962; Dvorak 1989). (Figure 1O) Voucher. Mungyeong-si (Dundeok-san)-140827-089. [BCN]: 6. C. glaucum L., 2n [ 2x [ 18 x ¼ 11, 12 (Park 2007c). (Figure 1F) ¼ Voucher. Andong-si (Yak-san)-130521-001. [PCN]: 2n 18 15. (*) Orostachys iwarenge f. magnus Y. N. Lee, 2n [ 4x [ 48 (Murin and Schwarzova 1976; Gervais 1979a; Murin et al 1980; (Figure 1P) Pogan 1980; Tanaka and Tanaka 1980; Dvorak et al 1980; Voucher. Ulleung-gun (Dodong-ri)-140717-001. [BCN]: x ¼ 12 Arohonka 1982; Parfenov and Dmitrieva 1988; Dvorak 1989; (Park 2007d). Mesicek and Jarolimova 1992; Lomonosova and Krasnikov 1994; Al-Turki et al 1999, 2000; Lovkvist and Hultgard 1999; 16. Sedum latiovalifolium Y. N. Lee, 2n [ 4x [ 64 Lomonosova et al 2003; Rahiminejad and Gornall 2004; Rahi- (Figure 1Q) minejad 2006), 2n ¼ 36 (Schwarzova 1980; Lomonosova and Voucher. Yeongwol-gun (Manhangjae)-140514-002. [PCN]: Krasnikov 2006). 2n ¼ 64 (Lee and Kim 2008). [BCN]: x ¼ 4, 5, 6, 7, etc. (Darlington and Wylie 1945). 7. Salicornia europaea L., 2n [ 2x [ 18 (Figure 1G) Dennstaedtiaceae ¼ Voucher. Haenam-gun (Songho-ri)-130712-001. [PCN]: 2n 18 17. Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum (Desv.) Underw. ex A. (Borgen and Elven 1983; Zakharyeva 1985; Gervais and Cayouette Heller, 2n [ 2x [ 104 1985; Leque 1985; Lomonosova and Krasnikov 1993; Al-Turki (Figure 1R) ¼ et al 1999; Krasnikov and Schaulo 2004), 2n 18, 36 (Wolff and Voucher. Gimcheon-si (Daedeok-san)-130629-042. [PCN]: ¼ Jefferies 1987). [BCN]: x 9(Ghaffari et al 2006). 2n ¼ 104 (Love and Love 1976). [BCN]: x ¼ 52 (Sheffield et al 1993). 8. Salsola komarovii Iljin, 2n [ 4x [ 36 Euphorbiaceae (Figure 1H) 18. Euphorbia ebracteolata Hayata, 2n [ 2x [ 20 Voucher. Haenam-gun (Songho-ri)-130712-002. [PCN]: 2n ¼ 36 (Figure 1S) (Nishikawa 1985a; Lamonosova 2005). [BCN]: x ¼ 9(Xiaowei et al Voucher. Mungyeong-si (Noejeong)-130410-001. [PCN]: 2n ¼ 20 2009). (Nishikawa 1990; Chung et al 2003). [BCN]: x ¼ 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14 (Chung et al 2003; Darlington and Wylie 1945). 9. Suaeda japonica Makino, 2n [ 2x [ 18 (Figure 1I) 19. E. esula L., 2n [ 2x [ 20 Voucher. Suncheon-si (Suncheon-man)-140708-003. [PCN]: 2n ¼ 18 (Figure 1T) (Hara and Kurosawa 1963). [BCN]: x ¼ 9(Ebrahimzadeh et al 1994). Voucher. Andong-si (Angi-dong)-130427-001. [PCN]: 2n ¼ 16 (Van Loon and Jong 1978), 2n ¼ 20 (Molero and Rovira 1992; Chung Compositae et al 2003), 2n ¼ 60 (Bauer 1971; Dobes and Vitek 2000), 2n ¼ 64 10.
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