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Report of the Global and Humanitarian Efforts

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Report of the Global and Humanitarian Efforts Presidential Task Force American Academy of Audiology 2011 No part of this report may be copied or reported without the written request from the Board of Directors of the American Academy of Audiology Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………....1 Part I: Humanitarian Audiology……………………………………………………………...........2 A. What is Humanitarian Audiology?..................................................................................................2 B. Humanitarian Audiology Domestic………………………………………………………….........3 i. Issues Related to Children………………………………………………………………...3 ii. Issues Related to Adults…………………………………………………………………...4 iii. Organizations and Programs Associated With Humanitarian Audiology………………...4 Domestic C. Humanitarian Audiology International……………………………………………………………4 i. Issues Related to Children……………………………………………………………..….4 ii. Issues Related to Adults………………………………………………………………..….6 iii. Organizations: Programs Associated With Humanitarian Audiology…………………….6 International D. How to Become a Humanitarian Audiology Ambassador………………………………………...6 E. Humanitarian Audiology: Ethics……………………………………………………………….....7 F. Humanitarian Audiology: Cultural and Linguistic Issues…………………………………..…..8 G. Humanitarian Audiology: Political (Diplomatic) and Health Issues………………………….…..8 H. Recommendations to BOD of the AAA for Consideration by the Task Force…………………...9 I. Summary and Conclusion………………………………………………………………………..10 Part II: Cultural and Linguistic Diversity…………………………………………………….12 J. What is Cultural Diversity?...........................................................................................................12 i. Cultural Rights …………………………………………………………………………..13 ii. Cultural Competency Training…………………………………………………..………13 1. Types of Cultural Diversity………………………………………………...…....14 2. Goal of Training……………………………………………………………..…..14 3. Relevance………………………………………………………………………...14 4. Training Considerations……………………………………………………….…14 K. What is Linguistic Diversity?........................................................................................................15 i. Audiologic Issues in a Linguistically Diverse Population……………………………….15 L. Educational Needs of Audiology Students From Culturally and Linguistically Diverse………..17 Populations M. Inventory of Test Materials (Test Materials in Different Languages)…………………………...17 N. ABA and ACAE Involvement………………………………………………………………..…17 O. Recommendations to the BOD of the AAA for Consideration by the Task Force……………....17 P. Summary and Conclusion………………………………………………………………………..18 Part III: Global Audiology……………………………………………………………………….….19 Q. What is Global Audiology?...........................................................................................................19 R. Audiology Education in Various Parts of the World……………………………………….……19 i. Current Nomenclature of Practitioners of Audiology………………………………..….19 ii. Audiology Programs Outside the USA…………………………………………..…….21 S. Recommendations to the BOD of the AAA for Consideration by the Task Force……………....21 Appendices A. Task Force on Global and Humanitarian Goals B. Task Force Charges and Members C. Consumer and Philanthropic Organizations – Domestic General Links D. Consumer and Philanthropic Organizations – International E. WHO Guidelines for Hearing Aids and Services in Developing Countries F. The Global Network of Humanitarian Audiology (GNHA) G. Overview of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 H. Cultural and Linguistic Competence: Office of Minority Affairs – Department of Health and Human Services. I. World Ranking of Languages Based on Usage (From Wikipedia) J. Languages Used in Various Countries of the World (From Wikipedia). Introduction The “Global and Humanitarian Efforts” Presidential Task Force (hereafter called the task force) was formed in April 2008 by President Alison Grimes, on behalf of the Board of Directors (hereafter called BOD) of the American Academy of Audiology. The American Academy of Audiology (hereafter called the Academy) is the largest and only organization representing audiologists in the world. The Academy has addressed and resolved many of the issues in this country and has not had resources to extend its influence in other parts of the world. Therefore, This task force was formed with the intent to review and charter a course of action to make the Academy a global leader for all audiologists, in this country as well as in others. The members and charges to this task force are shown in Appendix B. The charges aforementioned are distinctly separate from each other, therefore, the three distinct areas (Appendix A) will be presented as three separate reports (Parts I, II, and III). Part I is the humanitarian audiology, Part II is related to addressing clinical and educational needs of culturally and linguistically diverse populations, and Part III will be on global audiology. The charge to this task force was approved by the BOD during the April 2008 meeting in Charlotte, NC. This was and still is an ambitious and comprehensive project by the Academy to position itself as the global leader in audiology. It was intended to present the first report in mid 2010 and the second report in November 2010, and the third report in December 2010. A final and complete report will be presented to the BOD for review and acceptance of the task force report at the July 2011 meeting. Task Force Committee: Chair – Bopanna Ballachanda Members: Shilpi Banerjee Jackie Clark John Coverstone R Cunningham Beth Prieve Brenda Ryals Shantell Lewis Christine Yoshinaga-Itana 1 | Page Part I: Humanitarian Audiology A. What is Humanitarian Audiology? For clarification and better understanding of humanitarian audiology and audiologists, it was reasoned that clear definitions of humanitarian and other words related to humanitarianism are required; therefore, dictionary meanings are given here. A humanitarian is defined as someone devoted to the promotion of human welfare and to social reform. It also means do-gooder, improver, benefactor, helper— a person who helps people or institutions (especially with financial help). Another definition of humanitarian is an advocate of the principles of humanism; someone concerned with the interests and welfare of humans. Additional words related to humanitarian are as follows: humanist, advocate, advocator, proponent, human-centered, humanist, humanistic, humane, compassionate, charitable, benevolent, altruistic, beneficent, charitable, public-spirited, benefactor, Good Samaritan, and altruistic. Other explanations include: marked by humanistic values and devotion to human welfare and marked or motivated by concern with the alleviation of suffering. Another term that reflects the essence of humanitarian concepts is philanthropy, which is an altruistic concern for human welfare and advancement, usually manifested by donations of money, property, or work to needy persons, by endowment of institutions of learning and hospitals, and by generosity to other socially useful purposes. Also, the effort or inclination to increase the well-being of humankind, as by charitable aid or donations; a love of humankind in general; or something, such as an activity or institution, intended to promote human welfare. Humanitarian Audiology is defined as: Audiologic services rendered by volunteers and philanthropic organizations to individuals who are experiencing difficulties with their ears or hearing due to the unavailability of services or diminished financial means, or by establishing and/or mentoring hearing healthcare practitioners in remote regions. Remote regions exist within the United States where communities are isolated from professional services, and internationally within the confines of a developing country. Audiologic services include assistance (financial and professional services) to implement hearing tests (screening and diagnostic), early identification of hearing loss, supply of hearing aids at no cost or at an affordable price, training locals in underserved and developing countries to provide appropriate hearing care, and creating a global network of like-minded individuals and organizations to support humanitarian work in audiology. A humanitarian audiologist, therefore, is one who is engaged in humanitarian audiology work in any part of the world. The need to provide audiological services to the underserved population exists all around the world. We must never equate poverty with dysfunction. Many persons from low socio- economic status (SES) backgrounds are very successful, well-rounded individuals who make important contributions to society. Nevertheless, it must be acknowledged that living in a low- SES environment can present several major challenges. Audiologists in this country and elsewhere, who are compassionate about a lack of audiologic services reaching a needy population, have taken the responsibility to provide services at a personal level or through volunteer work in philanthropic and charitable organizations. The demands and types of humanitarian work vary from continent to continent, as well as country to country, therefore, humanitarian work has been divided into two major geographic areas: 1. Humanitarian 2 | Page Audiology domestic (within the United States,) 2. Humanitarian work in other countries, identified as Humanitarian Audiology International. B. Humanitarian Audiology Domestic As the politics and economic demographics of the United States undergo continuing shifts, many audiologists find
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