Disaster Preparedness and Response Training

2016 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT

FOREWORD

Fuat OKTAY, Ph.D. AFAD President

Due to its geological, geomorphological and climatic structure, Turkey is one of the countries most affected by natural disasters. Earthquakes, landslides, floods, rockfalls and avalanche disasters are common in our country, with earthquakes ranking first in terms of the level of damage caused. A look at the past 60 years of disaster records indicates that the level of economic losses caused directly and indirectly by natural disasters in Turkey equals nearly 3% of the GDP. As the Prime Ministry Disaster and Emergency Management Authority (AFAD), we believe that the first and foremost prerequisite for dealing with natural disasters is a change of social perspective, or mentality. Based on this belief, we have embraced the mission of creating a "disaster resilient society." Our motto is to become an organization that learns, establishes systems, evolves constantly, profits from past experiences. August 17, 1999 has been a turning point for disaster management strategy in our country. After establishment of AFAD in 2009; Integrated Disaster Manage- ment System centered around preparedness, planning and mitigation efforts and focused on risk management has been introduced. Thus all stages of disaster and emergency management in the framework of systems approach began to be managed under the coordination of AFAD. AFAD has changed a major paradigm shift related to natural disasters and rather than to improve their impact after the occurrence of natural disasters in Turkey, we believe that we must prioritize measures to prevent the occurrence of this effect and risk reduction efforts. Turkey Disaster Risk Reduction Plan, (TARAP) to be established with all ministries, institutions, and organizations will put this vision into practice, and create a rational system to protect our national gains more effectively by spending less of our common sources. Since our establishment, we have endeavored to establish systems in every area we are responsible for and to manage the risks. We have developed the Turkey Disaster Response Plan (TAMP) which uses systematic, sustainable, information technology and advanced technology systems, such as satellite and aviation in one integrated system. With the coordination of TAMP and AFAD, and together with our ministries, central and local institutions and organizations, governorships, local administrations and NGOs; we have created a structure that can act as a joint force for Turkey during the "Zeroth Minute" of disasters.Our work in disaster management is not limited to TAMP. We are continuously working to build a Turkey that is resistant to disasters. While only 25 percent of schools in our country was resistant to earthquakes and natural disasters at the time of the earthquake of 1999, this percentage has reached 80 percent now. As a result of these effort, the UN has chosen Turkey as the leading country of Southeastern Europe in terms of improving school safety.

2 With immediate and effective response in all kinds of disasters and humanitarian crises, AFAD is serving all humanity by becoming an international brand in disaster readiness, humanitarian crises, recovery efforts, mitigation and risk management.

To accelerate the change in mentality that is essential to create a Turkey more resilient to disasters, we launched a training campaign with the slogan "Disaster Ready Turkey". With the campaign launched by the President of the Republic of Turkey Mr. Recep Tayyip ERDOĞAN, up to 5 million students, teachers and citizens have learned about the proper behavior and actions to follow in face of disasters. AFAD constantly endeavors to create a country that is better prepared against disasters and emergencies. With our projects and activities in recent years, we have established a disaster management model considered as exemplary around the world in disaster management. And in terms of humanitarian aid, our country has evolved from an aid recipient country to one which provides aid. But we never become complacent with the progress we have made, and will continue to set even higher goals for ourselves to become a country that is better prepared for disasters, and a world leader in this area. With its developed capabilities, human resources and the projects it creates, AFAD assists Turkey in its drive towards a sustainable development model, and achieving a significant system. And as we fast approaching the Turkey envision for the year 2023, AFAD is undergoing a significant system and technology transformation in disaster management. With immediate and effective intervention in all kinds of disasters and humanitarian crises, AFAD is serving all humanity by becoming an international brand in disaster readiness, humanitarian crises, recovery efforts, mitigation and risk management. In addition, the Prime Ministry's AFAD also carries out the actions defined under "Enabling the Emergency and Humanitarian Assistance" section of the "Develop- ment of International Cooperation Infrastructure for Progress Program (KAGEP)" within the scope of Priority Transformation Program designed to enhance the ap- plicability and effectiveness of the Tenth Development Plan. In this context, we hope that this work entitled "Turkey's Best Practices in Dis- aster Management," which represents one of the Actions of the aforementioned Program, will help contribute to future studies. Fuat OKTAY, Ph.D. AFAD President

3 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT

CONTENTS

Area Responsible agency Pg. PRE-DISASTER Disaster Training Trucks Project AFAD 8 Disaster Ready Turkey Awareness and Training Project AFAD 10 CBRN Glossary AFAD 12 Annotative Disaster Management Glossary AFAD 12 CBRN Information Portal And Informative Website AFAD 13 Disaster Data Bank of Turkey AFAD 14 Integrated Disaster Risk Maps AFAD 16 Project For The Establishment Of AFAD Logistics Warehouses AFAD 18 Turkish Disaster Sensitive Settlement Convenience System (TDSSCS) AFAD 20 Critical Infrastructure Sectors AFAD 21 Roadmap For Technological Disasters AFAD 22 Project For Earthquake Early Warning And Preliminary Damage Assessment Systems AFAD 24 Deep Borehole Seismometer Network Project (GONAF) AFAD 26 “Revision of Turkey Earthquake Hazard Zoning Map - 1996” And AFAD 27 "Specifications For Buildings To Be Built In Seismic Zones - 2007" Turkey Earthquake Data Center System Project AFAD 28 Project For The Development of a National Seismic Network (USAG) AFAD 30 National Earthquake Strategy and Action Plan (UDSEP-2023) AFAD 34 Earthquake Research Programme of Turkey AFAD 38 Common Disaster Relay AFAD 40 School Safety Project Ministry of Education 41 Instant Relief and Disaster Management Department Undergraduate Program Mehmet Akif Ersoy University 42 Emergency Management Master Program TODAİE 43 Crisis And Disaster Management Courses Dokuz Eylül University 44 Our Schools Are Gaining Strength Project İstanbul Aydın University 45 Evaluation Report: Governance and Accountability in Disaster Risks Reduction TODAİE 46 Preparation Of Disaster Risk Reduction Country Situation Report TODAİE 47 Disaster Management Training in Local Administrations TODAİE 48 Disaster Preparedness and Response Training Turkish Red Crescent 49 Disaster Damage Reduction Programme Turkish Red Crescent 50 Safe Life With Red Crescent Turkish Red Crescent 51 Law No 6306 On Transformatıon of Areas Under Risk Ministry of Environment and Urbanization 52 Law No 6305 On Disaster Insurances Undersecretariat of Treasury 53

4 ZEROTH MINUTE IN DISASTERS Turkey Disaster Response Plan (TAMP) AFAD 56 Disaster Management and Decision Support System (AYDES) AFAD 58 Mobıle Coordination Trucks AFAD 60 Disaster and Emergency Response Services Regulation AFAD 62 AFAD HF Radio Network AFAD 63 Civilian Administrative Authorities Training in Planning and Implementing Ministry of Interior Affairs 64 Response Services During Disasters Ministry of Maritime, Transport and Disaster and Emergency Satellite Phones 65 Communications Ministry of Maritime, Transport and Emergency Mobile Base Stations 66 Communications 2011Van And Erciş Earthquakes Humanitarian Relief Operation Turkish Red Crescent 68

POST-DISASTER Van Disaster Houses AFAD 72 Syria Coordination Circular Numbered 2014/4 AFAD 74 Temporary Disaster City Management System (AFKEN) AFAD 76 Post-Disaster Image Processing Software For Damage Analysis Purposes AFAD 78 Crowdsourcing Platform For Imagery Intelligence and Remote Sensing AFAD 79 Post-Earthquake Education Activities in Van Ministry of National Education 80 A New Approach For Forecasting The Demands of Buildings to Move Permanently in İstanbul Aydın University 81 The Post-Earthquake Period Child Protection Project in The Context of Emergency Response To The Syria Crisis Turkish Red Crescent 82 Deniz Feneri Social Cooperation and Deniz Feneri Disaster Houses 84 Solidarity Association Cansuyu Solidarity Rawalpindi Rehabilitation Center 85 Association

5 PRE-DISASTER

6 7 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible agency AFAD External • UNICEF Stakeholders Date of 22.04.2015 DISASTER TRAINING commencement Date of completion Continuous TRUCKS PROJECT completion

The project aims to increase the efficiency of disaster and emergency training. In this context, a total of 3 Mobile Disaster Training Centers were commissioned. In these Mobile Disaster Training Centers; • 3DOF servo hydraulic earthquake simulator with classroom decor • Parabolic display 3D animation and 3D seismic landslide-avalanche-flood film • Digital firefighting simulation with kitchen scenarios • Phone call simulation and information test kiosk is simulated. • In the earthquake simulator of the mobile disaster training center disaster training can be provided in a classroom setting and hands on activities are held regarding how to behave during possible earthquakes. The magnitudes of earthquakes in Turkey have been uploaded into the simulation system, but it is also possible to upload new earthquake scenarios. Earthquakes with up to 8.5 magnitude can be simulated with 94% accuracy. In the earthquake simulation room activities such as closing gas valves, stoves, power switches, and turning on radio and opening of the door are also shown in practice. Project of the said vehicles was prepared by the Directorate's Response Office and financed (2,500,000 ₺ for 3 cars) by UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund) and donated to our Directorate.

8 WE ARE READY WHAT ABOUT YOU?

9 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible agency AFAD • Public Institutions • Local Governments DISASTER READY TURKEY • Universities • Civil Society External Organizations AWARENESS AND TRAINING Stakeholders • Associations • Foundations • Chambers PROJECT • Unions

Date of 01.01.2013 commencement Date of completion Continuous completion

Internalization of disaster preparatory processes in all Under the project, individuals, families, the disabled, segments of society and raising awareness in this regard special interest groups, school staff and students, busi- is of great importance. What primarily has to be done to nesses, youth, media and all groups vulnerable to disas- raise this awareness is to deliver accurate information ters have been identified as the target audience. within the framework of the preparatory work for disas- With training and awareness-raising activities for the ter and society to be trained in disasters. The studies may public to be prepared for first 72 hours of disasters it is be transformed into social behavior patterns to include aimed to; continuity and can be expanded. • Foster the culture of disaster preparedness, In this context, AFAD has started a training program covering the whole country in order to increase disaster • Raise awareness, awareness in our country. The project realized with the • Share basic preventive measures, participation of ministries, provincial disaster and emergency offices, development agencies, universities and • Teach appropriate behavior patterns in disasters and relevant civil society institutions, disaster readiness of ensure their implementation, individuals is being enhanced, language uniformity is ac- • Ensure support for preparatory work carried out in hieved in disaster training, training is disseminated and coordination with our Directorate with a spirit of so- the sustainability of training is ensured. cial coalition. The training provided on disasters and emergencies • Ensure the preparation of business disasters and creates community awareness, transforms disasters emergency plans, into events that can be dealt with instead of expected in despair and ensures capabilities/adequacy awareness in • Ensure the preparation of business disasters and the face of disasters to be adopted in all layers of society. emergency plans, The project also contributes to sustainable development.

10 • Ensure the preparation of business disasters and • Under the Disaster Ready Schools Project, 3,598 emergency plans, teachers have received instructor training; 143,917 students at the Earthquake Simulation Center, and in • Establish young volunteer teams who will assist in trainings conducted across the country 100,602 teac- pre, during and post disaster activities with a spirit of hers and 3,583,262 students were trained. social coalition. The goal of the project; foster culture of disaster preparedness in all segments of society starting from the individual for them to be prepared for first 72 hours of disasters, raising awareness, share basic measures they can take at home and teach the correct ways of behavior in disasters and their implementations. Financing of the project is provided by Turkey's Mi- nistry of Development Investment Program. The project is planned to be financed from own resources. Sponsorship support is also provided to reduce the budgetary burden. • Under the Disaster Ready Family Project; 1,210,970 people have received Disaster Awareness for Indivi- duals and Families training.

11 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT ANNOTATIVE DISASTER CBRN GLOSSARY MANAGEMENT GLOSSARY

Responsible agency AFAD Responsible agency AFAD

Date of 01.06.2014 • Academics, commencement • Public institutions, External • NGOs, the Red Crescent, Date of completion Continuous Stakeholders completion • Turkish Language Society Date of 2013 commencement Date of completion 2014 completion It was aimed to create a document containing all the terms The work contributes to all institutions and organizations and related to CBRN accidents and incidents in order to ensure the different disciplines working in disaster management to use the uniformity of terminology among personnel of all institutions same language in the management process, thus improving and organizations active in the CBRN field. the effectiveness of disaster preparedness, response and rehabilitation stages The target audience of the project is AFAD CBRN staff, and the personnel of other institutions and organizations, private In the preparation of the dictionary; sector and non-government organizations working in the field • Studies were carried out by a commission consisting of 18 of CBRN. This study ensured consistency of terminology in ac- people, tivities carried out in the CBRN area with the framework of international literature and formed the appropriate platform for • More than 80 local and foreign sources, dictionaries, legis- effective communication of staff responding to CBRN incidents. lation and documents were scanned in total • More than 20 institutions and organizations have officially CBRN Terms Glossary was prepared and distributed to 81 contributed provinces AFAD directorate staff and all relevant ministries as well as made available to the public on the CBRN website. • Contributions through public opinions and suggestions were received for a period of 1 month. • In addition to a printed version, the dictionary is also published on the Directorate website in digital and interactive for- mats. The Directorate has also made the AFAD Earthquake Mobile Application available to our citizens.

12 Responsible agency AFAD

Date of 01.01.2013 commencement CBRN INFORMATION PORTAL Date of completion 31.12.2014 completion AND INFORMATIVE WEBSITE

The overall objective of the project is to create an informed society against CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear) threats and dangers and ensure the training of personnel employed in CBRN incidents. The target audience of the project is staff working in the CBRN field and the community. With the implementation of the project; It is aimed to increase public awareness about CBRN threats and dangers, make clear the importance of individual measures to be taken at the first stage in a CBRN incident and prepare the public for a CBRN incident through personal protection awareness, To create an information library enriched with foreign and Turkish resources for personnel working in CBRN field and allowing these people to follow global developments, Provide online training for CBRN personnel through a CBRN basic training site, certification of people who have completed the training and create a suitable environment for testing the knowledge of employees at regular intervals on CBRN, List events that have occurred due to CBRN substances and analyzing the lessons learned from these events, and these to pave the path for future work, Create a section including information such as general characteristics of CBRN substances, their impact on human health and the environment, limit values, precautions against dangers posed by these substances, and make this information available to personnel in the form of a mobile application. Since its launch, the website has been visited by thousands of people.

13 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible agency AFAD • AFAD Provincial External Directorates Stakeholders • Public institutions and organizations Date of 01.01.2013 DISASTER DATA BANK OF TURKEY commencement Date of completion Continuous completion

With the project, to achieve a combination of accurate informati- • The document module has been revi- on and studies related to disasters in our country for disaster rese- sed and an analysis module has been archers, decision-makers and practitioners, a helpful, user friendly developed. and web-based disaster information bank has been established • TABB "mobile app" has been developed. with an infrastructure that is sustainable. In this way, it is aimed • Necessary protocol work for a healthy to be prepared for disasters and build capacity to reduce disaster disaster data flow into the system from losses. Anadolu Agency has been completed, "We Established the Disaster Knowledge Base of our Country" and data flow has now become routine. to be used in risk and mitigation. In this context, with the "Turkey Under the Corporate Development Trai- Disaster Data Bank Project (TABB)" all kinds of information and ning Program for the spring semester, training was provided to documents related to disasters in our country are gathered based TABB official appointed from the provinces and 165 staff mem- on generaln a common platform. "Turkey disaster data bank" is of bers of Provincial Directorates. great importance in terms of illustrating the disaster prone status of our country. Thus, the TABB project that will learn lessons from The TABB Document Module, aims to offer easy single point past disasters and serve as a guide for measures needed to pro- access to resources related to disasters prepared by universi- tect against possible disasters to be taken urgently project, serves ties, local governments, public institutions and non-govern- a purpose compatible with AFAD's basic strategies and objectives. mental organizations over the years, but previously inaccessib- le to users. Within the scope of TABB; Analysis Module; aims to transfer data on disasters that oc- • The process of about 700 thousand news articles from Ana- curred since the establishment of our country to date into digi- dolu Agency (AA) filtered based on keywords, the software tal media and perform assessment on these disasters. Covers and integration of 19 thousand data entries into the system the goals of archiving data obtained after disasters, statistical have been completed. analysis of these data, mapping and reporting . • The number of members in the TABB Document module is 598 people.

14 As TABB, we ensure the storage of experience and conclusions that will pass our knowledge on to future generations in a convenient, fast, accessible and reliable environment.

15 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible agency AFAD External • AFAD Provincial Stakeholders Directorates Date of 01.01.2010 INTEGRATED DISASTER commencement Date of completion Continuous RISK MAPS completion

TRANSITION FROM CRISIS MANAGEMENT TO RISK MANAGEMENT POLICY UDSEP (2012-2023)

2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2023 AFAD STRATEGIC PLAN (2013-2017)

To increase by RISK REDUCTION ACTIVITIES each20% year

As we move decisively toward the goal of a Powerful Tur- guides, circular No. 2015/5 signed by the Deputy Prime Minis- key, AFAD's priorities are to secure our sustainable develop- ter has been published and the tasks of our Provincial Directo- ment, reduce potential losses and create an effective disaster rates were set out. management system, identify disaster hazards and risks and Under the project, staff of 81 AFAD Provincial Directorates coordinate mitigation activities. "Preparation of Integrated Di- (300 employees) were given hands-on training. During the pro- saster Hazard Maps" work carried out in this context is aimed to cess of preparation of the maps, the necessary base maps and produce integrated and multi-hazard disaster maps while kee- digital data have been delivered in coordination with the Infor- ping in mind the importance of science and research aspects in mation and Communication Systems Department. disaster preparedness. For 55 AFAD Provincial Directorates to use in measurements With the Preparation of Integrated Hazard Maps Project, it is for mapping studies and the digitization process measurement aimed to prepare maps that will form the basis for risk reduc- devices (Cors) were purchased, the devices have been delivered tion and for these maps to serve as a basis in the selection of and training provided on their use. more secure residential areas during the spatial planning process. In this context, with the "Preparation of Integrated Disaster Hazard Maps" that will INTEGRATED DISASTER HAZARD MAPS be the basis for "Integrated Disaster Mana-

gement Model" adopted by our Directorate, Turkey Disaster Database Identification of Hazards Integrated Disaster Risk Assessment and one of the cornerstones of our Transition Disaster Archive Hazard Maps Modelling from Crisis Management to Risk Manage- ment Policy will be firmly in place. Within the scope of the project, guidebo-

oks including past information on landsli- Risk Reduction and Mitigation des, rockfall and avalanche disasters and Activities explains the process of preparation of hazard maps. For the implementation of the

16 MASS MOVEMENTS INTEGRATED DISASTER HAZARD MAP (1/25.000)

AVALANCHE HAZARD MAPS (1/25,000)

ROCKFALL HAZARD MAP {1/25,000)

LANDSLIDE HAZARD MAP (1/25,000)

The project has been integrated into DMDSS system. As a result of inventory produced, creation of queriable disaster hazard map infrastructure has been completed using geographic information systems. In this context; tablet computers were purchased for 81 AFAD Provincial Directorates tablet to use in onsite work within the scope of the project, and desktop computers for use in the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis. Mobile application for using the DMDSS onsite, and identification of rockfall source areas in computer environment "native" rockfall source areas detection software has been developed. Within the scope of project in the framework of Law No. 7269 and duties and responsibilities of the AFAD Directorate, the work for preparing Landslide, Rockfall and Avalanche disaster hazard maps is underway. In 2016; "the integration on a common platform" hazard maps prepared for disasters that fall within the duties and responsibilities of other Departments and the Ministries is being planned. Thus, a common hazard map that will reveal the disaster prone areas of the whole country will be generated. In line with the 2023 perspective of our country, this goal is very important for the settlement of society in safer areas away from risks or where disaster risks are minimum.

17 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible agency AFAD

Date of 01.01.2013 PROJECT FOR THE commencement Date of completion 31.12.2017 ESTABLISHMENT OF AFAD completion LOGISTICS WAREHOUSESS

A total of 27 disaster logistics warehouses are planned to be established under “Project for the Establishment of AFAD FOR RAPID AND EFFECTIVE Logistical Warehouses” and the construction of 27 of them has RESPONSE TO EMERGENCIES been completed and put into operation. The construction of logistics warehousess in Ankara and Van provinces, among five other provinces, has been completed and they are due to be delivered and taken over. The bidding for a logistics warehouses in Antalya is under way. Efforts are under way for finding plots for logistical warehousess in Kocaeli and Hatay in addition to the process of modification. 1652 27 A total of 1,632 containers to be used for transportation WAREHOUSES LOGISTICAL purposes and their internal equipment have been procured for a faster and efficient response to disasters and emergencies. WAREHOUSES They have been shipped and stored in warehousess. Contracts have been awarded or the procurement of cabling, hardware, and software for monitoring the warehousess remotely. There are tents and interior materials (beds, blankets, pil- lows, and bedlinen) within the warehousess in order to provide accommodation services under theTurkey Disaster Response Plan (DRPT) in case of a disaster or an emergency.

18 19 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible agency AFAD

Date of 25.09.2014 TURKISH DISASTER SENSITIVE commencement Date of completion 31.05.2015 SETTLEMENT CONVENIENCE completion SYSTEM (TDSSCS)

35,000 It comprises services related to the development of disaster sen- GEOLOGICAL-GEOTECHNICAL SURVEY sitive settlement convenience maps of Turkey and sketches or maps REPORT FOR 35,000 ZONING PLAN for disaster-prone areas and related software based on geographical information system; their integration with the existing digital archives; inclusion of coordinates in geological and geotechnical survey reports, which will be taken as a basis for the zoning plan; entering data within 260,000 the database management system; and enquiries. SETTLEMENT CONVENIENCE MAPS WERE TRANSFERRED TO DIGITAL MEDIUM. Geological-Geotechnical Survey Report for 35,000 Zoning plan and 260,000 Settle- ment Convenience Map were transferred to digital medium. When disaster survey reports drawn up by provincial disaster offices are transferred to the system in digital form, it will facilitate access to archives and rapid flow of data for the development of integrated disaster risk maps.

20 Responsible agency AFAD • Agencies and External institutions which own Stakeholders or are responsible for critical infrastructure CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE Date of 10.11.2014 commencement SECTORS Date of completion Continuous completion

Assets which cause loss of lives and property if they become totally or partially dysfunctional are Critical Infrastructure Sectors. AFAD conducts risk analyses of those sectors in collaboration with responsible/related agencies and draws up remedial guides for eliminating their gaps. Environmental, physical, and cyber threats are taken into consideration during a risk analysis Critical power and natural gas infrastructure sectors factors in Ankara, which has been selected as a pilot province, were designated and prioritized. Nine more sectors will be analyzed during the project.

21 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible agency AFAD

Date of 01.09.2014 commencement Date of completion Continuous ROADMAP FOR completion TECHNOLOGICAL DISASTERS

“Roadmap for Technological Disasters” aims at identifying To promote the development of research projects aimed at requirements by taking account of AFAD’s responsibilities de- strengthening cooperation in the field of civil protection resear- fined by laws as well as national regulations, international and ches concerning technological disasters and minimising risks regional conventions and applicable EU regulations related to and losses; technological disasters and drawing up up actions plan for the To identify roles in the early warning system in order to moni- implementation of such requirements and identifying national tor disasters and to provide information and to ensure that civil priorities. protection and humanitarian relief skills are improved; The Roadmap for Technological Disasters has been develo- To arrange for the development of risk management and loss ped for the following purposes: alleviation plans related to disasters and emergencies, which To support efforts at national, regional, and local levels regar- will be implemented throughout the country and to steer efforts ding the preparedness of those responsible for civil protection intended to minimize or eliminate the possibility of a loss or to and responses to accidents based on an integrated approach to reduce its intensity. natural and technological disasters in order to minimize losses. Nine booklets released identify 102 actions for 53 different To carry out legal, institutional, and technical works so that requirements. actions can be taken in accordance with EU regulations related According to EM-DAT data, to civil protection and to coordinate the application of those regulations based on cooperation between competent agencies and institutions; To initiate efforts pertaining to the EU’s Civil Protection Me- 7825 were recorded in chanism and the Civil Protection Financial Instrument and to TECHNOLOGICAL the world from make preparations required for negotiations with a view to ensure a more effective protection of human beings, the environ- DISASTERS AND 1900 through ment, and tangible assets; ACCIDENTS 2014.

22 External • Ministry of Science, Industry and Commerce • Office of Undersecretary for Public Order and Security Stakeholders • Ministry of Labour and Social Security • Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs • Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning • Ministry of Health • Turkish National Police • Coast Guard Command • Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources • TUBITAK • Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Livestock • Turkish Atomic Agency Authority • Ministry of Interior • Ministry of Transport, Maritime Affairs and • Gendarmerie General Command Communications

23 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible agency AFAD External • Universities PROJECT FOR EARTHQUAKE EARLY Stakeholders • Local administrations Date of 01.01.2010 commencement Date of completion Continuous WARNING AND PRELIMINARY DAMAGE completion ASSESSMENT SYSTEMS

The project is intended to establish a system for making a specific region and the vulnerabilities of buildings in addition to realistic assessment of the damage in the quake-stricken area those figures, estimated damage distribution maps may also be immediately after a potentially destructive earthquake by using drawn after a potential earthquake. Thus, loss of lives may be various calculation and analysis methods in areas with a diffe- minimized by ensuring that paramedics and rescue teams are rent population density, culture, and tectonic structure, particu- dispatched to places in need of emergency relief and response larly in city centers and ensuring the integration of existing mo- within minutes and in an organized manner. nitoring systems (strong and weak seismic activity) operated by Law No. 5902 on the Organization and Functions of the Disas- AFAD with the preliminary damage assessment and warning ter and Emergency Management Authority and UDSEP-2023 system. National Earthquake Strategy and Action Plan constitute the ba- The system will be developed under this project and tested sis and rationale for the project. in pilot areas. It will later be improved and implemented in all Funds for the project is earmarked by the Ministry of Develop- quake-prone regions and form the basis for the establishment ment from the Investment Program. of national early warning and emergency response systems. “Project for Earthquake Early Warning and Preliminary Dama- After accelerometers are installed both on ground and in cer- ge Assessment” has been initiated for contributing to response tain types of buildings in designated intervals in quake-prone and improvement efforts. In that context, 20 accelerometers areas, they will record an earthquake and transmit parameters were installed both K.Maraş and Hatay provinces in 2013. Si- for seismic activity calculated in the region where each station milarly, 20 accelerometers were deployed in south-west part of is located and recorded acceleration figures to the data assess- the Turkey covering Muğla, Denizli, Burdur, Aydın and Antalya in ment center in a very short period by using one or more rapid 2014. With a specific purpose, scope of the project will be exten- communication channels based on technology currently avai- ded and implemented at the various regions in the next years as lable. Quantitative data received from each recording station well. will be automatically analysed and the acceleration and intensity distribution maps will be developed in very short periods The system was designed in order to allow the establishment and seismic activity pattern will emerge. If there is a database of earthquake recording stations, capable of constantly transmit- containing data pertaining to the classified building stock in a ting data online, as close as possible to potential source areas

24 in order to generate data more rapidly during destructive eart- Maps and the results of assessments related to damage hquakes as part of emergency response systems and data re- and loss of lives, produced as project deliverables, are shared ceived from National Earthquake Monitoring Networks currently with provincial offices, universities, and other public agencies in operation was integrated with this system. It was integrated and institutions. In addition, integration with the Turkish State with data from Geographical Information Systems to allow the Railways system is ensured so that they are also automatically use of seismic risk data, local ground conditions, demographic reported through Turkish State Railways. data, and building inventories in order to ensure transition to the The software developed as a result of this project genera- spatial database management system, one of the main steps of tes Estimated Seismic Intensity, PGA and PGV maps as well earthquake risk assessment efforts and to ensure that data can as estimated damage and loss of lives for actual and fictitious be used for different purposes and specific issues and projects. earthquakes. These maps and the results of damage and ca- A software (AFAD-RED), based on the Geographical Information sualty assessments help minimize confusion and misinforma- System, was developed in 2013 as part of “Project for the Deve- tion about damage, which may be observed in the wake of an lopment of a Software for Earthquake Preliminary Damage As- earthquake in our country, and dispatch emergency response sessment.” The main components of the project were completed teams to appropriate areas without undue delay. before the end of 2013 and calibration process is under way. It was decided to develop the new components of the program un- In addition, earthquake scenarios tailored to 81 provinces der a new protocol signed in December 2014. Preliminary dama- were developed in order to support Turkey Disaster Respon- ge assessment will be developed for infrastructure and critical se Plan (TAMP) and those scenarios contributed to determine facilities and economic losses resulting from the direct effects of and enhance existing capacity in Provincial Disaster Response an earthquake will be assessed according to this protocol. The Plans and attached operational plans issued by Provincial Di- project will be completed in 18 months and adds-on will be integ- saster Emergency Offices. rated with AFAD RED software. At meetings held in 2014 with regard to early warning, There was an exchange of opinions with officials from the Ministry of Transport and Turkish State Railways about the types of works that might be carried out particularly along the routes of High Speed Train in 2015.

25 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible agency AFAD • German Research External Centre for Geosciences Stakeholders (GFZ) DEEP BOREHOLE SEISMOMETER Date of 2011 commencement Date of completion 2016 NETWORK PROJECT (GONAF) completion

The “Deep Borehole Seismometer Network” project, the se- assigned to the project and strain meter were installed. Thus, cond of its kind in the world and the first in Turkey, was launched seismic activity in the region will be analyzed in greater detail. under a protocol signed between AFAD and German Research Seismic signals received from the stations are being analyzed Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) in 2011. The project aims at anal- both by Germany and AFAD. yzing physical processes which will occur before and during the anticipated Marmara earthquake (measuring 7.0 or higher at Richter scale) by using deep borehole seismometers along the islands segment of the Northern Anatolian Fault (NAF) on Mar- mara Sea. The intensity detection scale will be reduced and the variation of earthquakes measuring 1.0 or lower on Richter scale in terms of their depth and time. Thus, changes in a slip- ping fault line prior to a major earthquake will be monitored in detail. Results to be obtained from the project will shed light on fault behavior before a major earthquake which may happen in the Eastern Anatolian Fault (EAF), which is similar to NAF. The depth of wells to be drilled under the project will be 300 meters and six seismometers were installed in each well at an interval of 75 meters. Istanbul-Tuzla, Istanbul-Büyükada, İstanbul-Sivriada, Yalo- va-Kurtköy, Yalova-Teşvikiye, Yalova-Esenköy, and Yalova-Boz- burun stations were installed in 2011-2016 in line with project targets and data is being received from all stations. Additional wells, each 100 meters deep, were drilled at Yalova-Esenköy, Yalova-Bozburun, İstanbul-Büyükada, and İstanbul-Sivriada stations in line with the common opinion of teams of specialists

26 Responsible agency AFAD • Public at Large External • Disaster managers Stakeholders • Building Industry “REVISION OF TURKEY EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ZONING MAP - 1996” Date of 2012 commencement AND "SPECIFICATIONS FOR BUILDINGS Date of completion 2016 completion TO BE BUILT IN SEISMIC ZONES - 2007"

AFAD set up a Committee for Drafting Regulations in June In addition, “Turkey Seismic Hazard Map” has been updated 2007 in order to revise and improve “Regulation on Buildings To by a project team consisting of the representatives of compe- Be Built in Earthquake-Prone Regions 2007.” The committee tent agencies and universities (AFAD, MTA, METU, University of has completed its work and a draft regulation comprising revi- Boğaziçi, University of Sakarya, and the University of Çukurova) sed and new sections (high-rise buildings, light steel buildings, with support provided under the National Earthquake Research earthquake resistant buildings, etc.) will be communicated to Program (NERP), which is being executed by AFAD. stakeholders in 2016 in order to get feedback before it is given its final shape.

27 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible agency AFAD • Public agencies External • Universities Stakeholders • Local administrations TURKEY EARTHQUAKE Date of 01.01.2011 commencement Date of completion Continuous DATA CENTER SYSTEM PROJECT completion

CENTER PROVIDING CENTER PROVIDING CENTER PROVIDING DATA DATA DATA

INTERNET

AFAD ULAKBİM

TDVM

The TDVMS project aims at establishing a Turkey Earthqua- fashion and the center became operational in December 2013. ke Data Center System which will combine digital seismic data We have cooperated with TUBITAK ULAKBIM, which provides received from seismic networks operated by AFAD networks a network for universities, for the development of Turkey Eart- and those operated by other universities and research centers hquake Data Center System and we use advanced technologi- under the umbrella of AFAD and other seismic data gathered in cal network and data communication network of ULAKBIM. our country and store and disseminate them. Seven universities, two public agencies, two municipalities, The center will basically store data with tested quality and and one NGO provide data for AFAD-TDVMS and they have share it in line with our national strategies in international for- made great contributions as they are aware of the importance mats for sharing earthquake data. of making earthquake researches fully accessible to everyone. The center will make significant contribution to the seamless Being founded by AFAD, Turkey Earthquake Data Center Sys- and transparent use of earthquake data by all citizens. All units tem (AFAD-TDVMS) will be used for storing data received (onli- making contributions to the unit assume a key role in offering ne/offline) from Earthquake Monitoring Stations built/operated public resources to the public. by universities, research centers, agencies, and institutions in order to monitor seismic activity in our region and its vicinity in Phase 2 of AFAD-TDVMS was launched in 2014 . In that a single center and making them available to all national and context, the continuity graphs and noise analysis graphs of international researchers. AFAD-TDVMS is being established stations were produced on a weekly, monthly, and annual ba- through technical cooperation between AFAD and TUBITAK-U- sis. All gaps in the systems were bridged. Newly established LAKBIM. stations joined TDVMS. Gazi University’s seismic network data situated near Ankara joined TDVMS. Law No. 5902 on the Organization and Functions of the Disas- ter and Emergency Management Authority and UDSEP-2023 New stakeholders are expected to join AFAD-TDVMS project National Earthquake Strategy and Action Plan constitute the in 2015 and afterwards. basis for the project. AFAD founded the Turkey Earthquake Data Center System to provide users with reliable and standardized data in a rapid

28 AFAD-TDVMS will be used for storing data received (online/offline) from Earthquake Monitoring Stations built/operated by universities, research centers, agencies, and institutions in order to monitor seismic activity in our region and its vicinity in a single center and making them available to all national and international researchers.

29 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible agency AFAD • Public agencies External • Universities PROJECT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT Stakeholders • Local administrations Date of 01.01.2005 OF A NATIONAL SEISMIC commencement Date of completion Continuous NETWORK (USAG) completion

The Earthquake Council, held in Istanbul in 2004, produced a There are various earthquake monitoring networks as part of decision that monitoring, recording, assessing, archiving, and the Turkish Seismological Monitoring Network. disseminating earthquakes at a national scale was discussed 1. Weak Motion Earthquake Observation Network: under an advanced “National Earthquake Monitoring Network System.” “Project for the Development of a National Seismic Turkish Seismological Monitoring Network, which had 230 Network (USAG)” was launched in 2015 with support provided stations in July 2015, is used for real-time monitoring, asses- by the State Planning Organization in line with the same deci- sing, and archiving of seismic activity in and near our country sion. and to make it available to the public a large through its web site. The project is intended to establish a national system for real-time monitoring of seismic activity in our country and to Turkish Seismological Monitoring Network provides all seis- minimize potential damage and to measure the epicenter of mological data related to earthquakes occurring in and near our earthquakes in and near Turkey with an accuracy of 99% and a country. We obtain detailed information about structures cau- one kilometer error margin. sing and generating earthquakes, data about the composition of the earth’s crust up to a depth of 100 kilometer, aftershocks Seismic activity in and around our country is being monitored observed after a massive earthquake, past and current seismic 7/24 by a total of 780 stations, including weak (230) and strong activity on fault lines, and similar data. (550) seismic stations throughout the country under the “Proje- ct for the Development of a National Seismic Network (USAG). All earthquake monitoring stations making up Turkish Se- ismological Monitoring Network are installed in remote areas Enhanced capacity resulting from this project makes it pos- with little ambient noise. These stations are operated 7/24 sin- sible to monitor our country’s seismic activity more accurately. ce they have become operational and transfer seismic data to Current maps and regulations will be updated as a result of the center in Ankara on real-time basis. Communication throu- works undertaken by using collected data. Thus, steps will be gh alternative channels rather than a single mode of commu- taken for preventing or minimizing potential damage resulting nication is used for communicating seismic data to the center. from earthquakes in our country. Main types of communication that the stations use for sending data include VSAT (satellite), ADSL, GPRS, and the Internet.

30 NUMBER OF EARTHQUAKES ANALYSED BY DDA NETWORK FROM 1990 THROUGH 2014 (M>2)

35000

29831 30000

26973

24132 25000 23607

20000 19023

15211 15000

13754

10000 9481

7682 2820

5038 5000

2104 1914 507 643 745 599 1078 344 380 304 447 160 1990 1991 1992 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Broadband devices with 120 s intervals are used as seismome- • Data received from 6 stations in Turkey and 6 stations in ters for recording earthquakes at the stations whereas devices Serbia is mutually shared under an agreement signed with with 24 Bite high-resolution devices with an internal storage the Serbian Seismology Centre. unit are used as recording units. Meanwhile, • In addition, papers are presented by the representatives of our • analyses for M>3 earthquakes are automatically trans- organisation regarding works undertaken in respect of the mitted to EMSC (European-Mediterranean Seismological project at national and international conferences and sympo- Centre). siums. • Real-time station data is sent to ORFEUS (Observatories 2. Strong Seismic Activity Earthquake Observation and Research Facilities for European Seismology). Network (TR-NSMN) • Catalogue data is sent to SC (International Seismological Strong Motion Observation Network (TR-NSMN) is being ope- Center) rated throughout the country since 1973. This earthquake moni- • We exchange data with IRIS (Incorporated Research Insti- toring network is only operated by AFAD at national scale. There tutions for Seismology). were a total of 550 digital real-time new generation earthquake accelerometers in March 2016. TR-SSA is among leading data • The Earthquake Department operates ANTO station owned centers in the world in terms of the number and quality of de- by USGS’e (United States Geological Survey). vices and data archive. The number of stations is envisaged to • We share data received from 10 stations with NEIC (Nati- reach 1,000 over the medium term (2017) through collaboration onal Earthquake Information Center), a sub-unit of USGS. with various agencies and projects and accelerometers planned • Data received from 10 stations in Turkey and 10 stations to be purchased under AFAD’s Strategy Plan and National Eart- in Georgia is mutually shared under an agreement signed hquake Studies Program (UDSEP). with the Georgian Seismology Centre. Strong ground motion observations are based on measure- • Data received from 10 stations in Turkey and 10 stations ment of forces (acceleration) that may cause damage in the bu- in Hungary is mutually shared under an agreement signed ildings during an earthquake. Accelerograms, engineering seis- with the Hungarian seismology center. mology and earthquake engineering. It constitutes an important

31 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible agency AFAD • Public agencies External • Universities PROJECT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT Stakeholders • Local administrations Date of 01.01.2005 OF A NATIONAL SEISMIC commencement Date of completion Continuous NETWORK (USAG) completion

NUMBER OF WEAK MOTION SEISMIC STATIONS USED WITHIN THE USAG PROJECT BETWEEN 1995 AND 2015

250

200

150

100 NUMBER OF STATION 50

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

database for the implementation and scientific studies. During an Ongoing Projects; earthquake, thanks to the accelerometers, preliminary damage Shake Map Application (Ongoing) NERP Project situation could be estimated swiftly at the earthquake area and intensity maps could be generated. Besides, since the earthqua- Shortly after earthquakes with a magnitude of more than 4.0, ke accelerometers can be used for the purpose of early warning, projected maps which are automatically based on PGA, PGV, In- they can be installed at High Speed Train (YHT) lines, coastal are- tensity and PSA can be generated as well as these parameters as for tsunami, and critical facilities such as nuclear, thermal and can be mapped from measured actual accelerations. natural gas plants. In addition to this, accelerometer devices are • Determination of Station Site Parameters (Ongoing) used for construction health observations at important buildings NERP Project and infrastructure such as dams, bridges and historical buildings. As measurements are carried out by using MASW and REMI (TR-NSMN) observation stations have been mainly established methods for the stations for which ground information is mis- on the fault systems where large earthquakes occurred or are sing, Vs,30 values ground dominant period will be found and expected and also at the city centers. Besides, in order to obser- station ground forms will be created based on AFAD forms. ve earthquake activities more closely, there are local networks at 11 different regions over some main active fault systems of • Development of Network and Magnitude Based our country and located with close intervals. (Bursa-Yalova, Ay- Early Warning and Alarm Systems (GETAlarm) (Pilot dın-Denizli, Hatay-Maraş, Eskişehir, Antalya, Kocaeli, Düzce, Study) (Ongoing) NERP Project İzmir, İskenderun, Ankara and TRNC). Some of these networks Region that is located between Hatay and K.Maraş and stret- were established in cooperation with local administrations, public ches across DAFS have been determined as the pilot region. agencies and institutions and universities. According to the project, a new early warning algorithm would (TR-NSMN) has an archive consisting of 19142 accelerograms be developed and, in addition to 48 stations located in this regi- acquired from 5281 earthquakes from 1976 until now. This archi- on, 10 more new stations would be established. ve and current earthquake records acquired after an earthquake are put at the disposal of all researchers and science world on Internethttp://kyh.deprem.gov.tr.

32 DISTRIBUTION OF WEAK MOTION SEISMIC STATIONS

• EPOS-IP (EU Project) With EPOS Project, "http://ec.europa.eu/research/infrastructures/index_en.cfm?pg=esfri " a new structure is aimed to be established which plans to merge all current data and researches which have been conducted in the field of earth sciences and have been attached priority by the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI).

33 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible agency AFAD

Date of 01.01.2012 NATIONAL EARTHQUAKE commencement Date of completion 31.12.2023 STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN completion (UDSEP-2023)

UDSEP - 2023 BASIC COMPONENTS

hours

ARE WE PREPARED FOR EARTHQUAKES?

EARTHQUAKE COPING WITH THE LEARNING ABOUT SAFE SETTLEMENT AND CONSEQUENCES OF EARTHQUAKES BUILDINGS EARTHQUAKES

Today’s disaster management principles and best practices Primary objective of National Earthquake Strategy and Acti- observed worldwide has demonstrated that disaster risk ma- on Plan is to prevent physical, economic, social, environmental nagement has succeeded with multi-stakeholder and multi-at- and political damages and losses that earthquakes might cau- tendant mechanisms. At this point, governments are primarily se, or prevent their impacts , and establish new living environ- responsible for maintaining safety of citizens against disasters. ment which is resistant to the earthquakes, safe, well-prepared and sustainable. In line with this objective, creating a well-pre- In all the activities conducted prior to, during and in the wake pared and robust society in reducing earthquake risk and in of earthquake with all the actors in every phase of UDSEP-2023 coping with earthquakes, and establishing institutional infrast- disaster management process, and as a document consisting ructure toward this objective and carrying out R&D priorities of of strategic approaches and series of actions which aims at re- reinforcement activities is aimed. Institutions responsible for ducing earthquake losses at the minimum by prioritizing da- implementing actions utilise public investments of Ministry of mage reduction and risk reduction efforts carried out particu- Finance and Ministry of Development, Research Infrastructure larly before the earthquakes, this is an exemplary study in our country. It was prepared with a multi-stakeholder participation which is also recommended by today’s modern disaster management systems, and by benefiting from previous experiences, information and document archive in its preparation process, and it was ensured that public sector, private sector, universities, trade associations and non-governmental organisations contributed to the process. It is a comprehensive document in which various occupational disciplines in our country can find an action concerning themselves.

3 Axes 7 Goals 29 Strategies 87 Actions External • Ministry of Culture and Tourism • General Command of Mapping Stakeholders • Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning • Ministry of Development • Ministry of Health • Ministry of Interior • Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources • Ministry of Transport, Maritime Affairs and • Ministry of Education Communications • Undersecretariat of Treasury • Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research • Higher Education Institution Authority Institute

• Seismic Hazard Maps • Earthquake Risk Maps • Scenarios • Earthquake Resistant Building Design • Earthquake Database • Conservation of Historical and Cultural Heritage • Disaster Training • Support to the Sustainable • Social Awareness Activities Development • Development of Disaster • Earthquake Engineering Studies Volunteering System • Early Warning Systems • Logistics Planning • Urban Regeneration • New Financial Models • Integration of NGO’s

• Development of Damage Assessment • Capacity Enhancement of UMKE Systems Teams • Determination of • Emergency Communication Systems • Effective intervention Systems (UMP)

Assistance Programs of Ministry of Development, UDAP Prog- termination and Strengthening of Earthquake Safety” for ram of AFAD, Support of National Disaster Insurance Instituti- new and existing transportation/distribution systems and ons and Development Agencies, as sources of funds. facilities in the field of transportation. Strategy document is comprised of 3 major axes, 7 objecti- • Science ethics with respect to the earthquake estimation ves, 29 strategies and 87 actions. As of the beginning of 2015, and prediction was developed in order to explain discus- studies in 87 activities within UDSEP-2023 has been initiated. sions among the scientists and researchers which affect Accomplishment periods of the actions are classified as Short- public negatively. term (2012-2013), Medium-term (2012-2017) and Long-term • Sea level measurement network was improved and level (2012-2023) and 26 actions were completed as of 2015. Gains measurement continuity was ensured. obtained with accomplished actions are as follows; • Studies with regard to the tsunami observations and early • In order to support research projects in the field of earthqu- warning were started, ake and contribute to the UDSEP-2023 actions, National • It was transitioned to a certification system by improving Earthquake Research Program (NERP) was established by studies for training and certificating the workers, foremen AFAD and it was initiated to support projects. and craftsmen who work at construction sector. • By enabling cooperation and coordination among the agen- • A commission was established to update legal regulation cies and institutions operating weak and strong observation on the earthquakes and conduct studies on it constantly. In networks on a national and local scale, common operation the forthcoming period, a new regulation will be prepared and sharing principles were determined, and the opportunity and published. for all the users to access earthquake data in our country • Studies in order to evise Earthquake Hazard Map of Turkey from one center in a swift and secure manner by establis- in Turkey was completed in the scope of NERP. hing AFAD-Turkey Earthquake Data Center (AFAD-TDVM). • At schools, disaster and emergency situation based topics • A Coordination Council consisting of public administra- were included in the curriculum. At schools, disaster and tions, universities and municipalities was established in emergency situation based units were included in the cur- order to coordinate the preparation of “Regulation on De- riculum.

35 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT NATIONAL EARTHQUAKE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (UDSEP-2023)

• Law on Compulsory Earthquake Insurance was enac- was published in order to ensure coordination and langu- ted and dissemination of the implementation across the age uniformity in disaster management. country has been continued intensely. • Repetitions and deficiencies in disaster volunteering con- • Provincial Health Disaster Plans and Hospital Health Plans cept and terms of reference were remedied. were developed in all the provinces in order to respond to • New approaches were developed in order to ensure infor- the health problems in time, quickly and effectively that mation exchange and cooperation for damage assessment may be caused by disasters. Besides, in order to ensure studies conducted by public and private sector after disas- an effective response, mobile emergency response and ters. transportation units have been improved. • Communication at the central and local level, emergen- • Inclusion of the private sector into the disaster manage- cy situation call and information communication systems ment system and a new finance model have been deve- infrastructure and transportation systems for emergency loped. response and assistance were improved. • Transformation of Areas Under Disaster Risk (Urban Trans- Since the date when UDSEP-2023 was put into effect, with formation Law) numbered 6306 came into effect. the studies carried out by the institutions in charge of accomp- • Turkey Seismotectonics Map was prepared. lishing actions and completed actions in time, it has been seen • Estimation of earthquake losses and principles for prepa- that strategy document was adopted by them. ration of earthquake scenarios were determined and extended across the country. • “Annotated Disaster Management Terms Dictionary of”

36 National Roadmap for Earthquake Mitigation UDSEP-2023 Infogragphic showing the status by January 2015

Responsible Organisations 13

3 Thematic Group Number of Actions 7 Targets 87 29 Strategies

Total Number of Amendments number of Actions with a of Responsible finished change in their Organisations realization actions in period 3 Actions 26 7 Short Term 18 Number of Activities Number of Mid Term where UDSEP 6 Reports was 8 presented Long Term 2 50

37 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible agency AFAD External • Ministry of Development Stakeholders • Universities Date of 27.04.2012 EARTHQUAKE RESEARCH commencement Date of completion 31.12.2023 PROGRAMME OF TURKEY completion

Foreigner Researchers – 10 7%

Project Coordinator –21 15%

NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES AT NERP PROJECTS Scholarship-29 Assistant Researchers – 84 20% 58%

In our country which58 is located on the seismic belt, it is com- would be determined+20157 supported by a scientific council establis- prehended again and again after every large earthquake that hed with the participation of research and supporting institu- we suffered from that the direct and indirect damages caused tions, and in these fields multi-discipline and guided research by the earthquake have not reduced on its targeted scale. In projects would be developed.” Towards achieving this action, in particular, losses of life and property occurred after Kocaeli and 2011 it was initiated to establish “National Earthquake Research Düzce earthquakes happened in 1999 and its economic, social Program” (NERP) infrastructure, it was put into effect by pub- and environmental damages led the possible damage mitiga- lishing “By-Law on Project Assistance Principles for National tion studies come to the forefront instead of traditional relief Earthquake Research Program” at the Official Gazette dated 27 approach. For this purpose, National Earthquake Strategy and April 2012 and numbered 28279. Action Plan (UDSEP-2023) which includes strategic approaches Besides it is aimed with NERP that scientific studies are and action series aimed at creating a well-prepared and robust supported in order to generate new information and solve te- society in mitigating earthquake risk and in coping with eart- chnological problems, transform researches with respect to hquakes was put into force in 18 August 2011 at Official Gazette earthquake to multi-attendance structure and implementation, numbered 28029. and hence that country resources are utilised effectively and ef- Project Coordinator 21 ficiently, so as to understand earthquakes and make progress Assistant Researcher 60 (University) in earth sciences, safe housing and settlement, it is comprised 24 (Public) of components of earthquake engineering and social sciences Foreigner Assistant Researcher 10 to cope with earthquakes. Scholar 29 At the moment 21 projects in total are supported with Nati- onal Earthquake Research Program, and in order to attain the Accomplishment of actions in the scope of UDSEP-2023 is success for the program which is open to all researchers, Mi- placed on the top in the strategy plan on the determination of nistry of Development ensured that NERP is included in the Di- R&G activity priorities with regard to the earthquake informa- saster & Emergency Management Authority AFAD investment tion infrastructure. The action under this strategy states that program and necessary monetary assistance is provided. “Prioritised areas with regard to the researches in earthquakes

38 GFZ Color Model (continuous) 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.70.6 0.8 1.0 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0 6.0 Besides AFAD provides financial assistance to the NERP re- researchers works as academics at national universities and search projects, it conducts project follow-ups in administra- universities abroad while 22% of them work at research units tive and technical terms and ensures that these projects are afflicted with public administrations. Researchers who take executed in a disciplined manner. part in the projects as scholars constitute 22% of all project employees. All the coordinators in the supported projects are compo- sed of university academic members and 78% of the assistant

Occupations of Project Occupations of Assistant Coordinators Researchers

Statistics 1 1 Topographical Engineer Medical Doctor 1 1 (Psychiatrist) 1 1 Medical Doctor (Psychiatrist) Environmental Engineer 3 2 Geomatics Engineer 1 1 Geomatics Engineer Computer Engineer 5 2 1 Geophysics Engineer Geophysics Engineer 30 Geology Engineer 6 24 Civil Engineer 7 Civil Engineer 18 0 2 4 6 8 0 10 20 30 40

39 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible agency AFAD External • Public administrations Stakeholders and institutions Date of 01.01.2014 commencement Date of completion 31.12.2014 COMMON DISASTER RELAY completion

GOVERNOR

AFAD GENDERMARIE

DSI FIRE (STATE DEPARTMENT HYDRAULIC WORKS)

HIGHWAY AUTHORITY POLICE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONS

The need for meeting in a common platform has always been With the respective project, in the provinces which do not have existed in managing disasters in disaster and emergency situati- common disaster relays or where these relays cannot operate ons in case that normal communication of public administration sufficiently, relays were installed and a common radio meeting and institutions is interrupted. “Common Disaster Frequencies” platform was established for public administrations and institu- allocated by the Information and Communication Technologies tions. Authority (BTK) within VHF and UHF bands for this purpose In the course of implementation of disaster and emergency si- could not be utilised for years since there has been no institution tuations, it was aimed that coordination among the administrati- in charge for this. Following the establishment of AFAD, respon- ons could be enabled expeditiously by satisfying the requirement sibility of these frequencies were transfered to AFAD upon our frequently need by public administrations and institutions for a request. common radio communication system where they can meet at According to the “Procedures and Principles On The Preparati- the same frequency. With this project, 77 relays were installed on of Instructions for Disaster and Emergency Situation Manage- in 76 provinces which do not have common disaster relays, and ment Centers” published at the Official Gazette dated 06.08.2011 it was achieved that public administrations and institutions whi- and numbered 28017, although governorates were assigned to ch work actively in disaster and emergency situations possess install sufficient numbers of relays for common disaster frequ- common radio communication infrastructure. encies, they could not install these relays due to various reasons. NOW, IN DISASTER AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS ALL THE INSTITUTIONS IN CHARGE MEET UNDER A SINGLE RADIO FRAME.

40 Responsible agency Ministry of Education External • UNISDR Stakeholders • AFAD Date of 01.01.2014 commencement Date of completion Continuous completion SCHOOL SAFETY PROJECT

Our country led the other countries within the scope of School Safety project carried out by UNISDR and it has become one of SAFE SCHOOLS, the leading devotees of the project which had an regional and global influence, by giving utmost attention to the subject when SAFE FUTURE Turkey organised first School Safety Leaders Meeting in October 2014 in Istanbul. Project is going on within “Istanbul Road Map” and it is aimed to include more countries in the project. All the schools in Istanbul will become safe until the end of 2016 with ISMEP to render sturdy schools by reinforcing schools’ physical structures or demolishing and reconstructing them. With PLANSİS project prepared in cooperation with TÜBİTAK and AFADEM, all the schools can prepare their disaster and emergency situation plans online.

41 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible agency Mehmet Akif Ersoy University • Burdur Provincial Directorate of Disaster INSTANT RELIEF AND DISASTER and Emergency • Burdur Public Hospital External • Burdur Provincial MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT Stakeholders Directorate of Health • Burdur Provincial UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM Directorate of Public Health • Burdur Municipality Fire Date of 01.01.2013 commencement Date of completion Continuous completion

Applied trainings are conducted for the students of Instant Re- lief and Disaster Management Department at the undergraduate level and they aim in the end of the education period to create natural disaster awareness, perform researches with respect to the fight against disasters and acquire project development qualifi- cations as a result of this awareness, recognise natural disasters in our country and in the world, and have the students gain skills for protection measures. In addition, it intends to have Burdur re- sidents be prepared for a disaster at the family level. It is aimed to raise capable and professional generations with respect to the Disaster Management, and public funds are utilised in order to attain these objectives. Instant Relief and Disaster Management Department incorporated 300 students to its education process at the undergraduate level, and organized 1 workshop, 1 panel, 1 field research (examination of a fault line), 2 drills and various social activities with the participation of all the stakeholders relevant to the disaster management. FIRST EARTHQUAKE VILLAGE OF TURKEY IS IN BURDUR.

42 Türkiye ve Orta Doğu Responsible agency Amme İdaresi Enstitüsü (TODAİE) Date of 01.01.2014 commencement EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT Date of completion Continuous completion MASTER PROGRAM

Disasters which cannot be denied as a reality of our country are acknowledged as a phenomenon resulted from nature and WE RAISE people and because they affect individuals’ social, economic, psychologic lives profoundly nowadays. In particular earthqua- PUBLIC EMPLOYEES kes, then landslides, floods, rock falls, avalanches and drought are the most important natural disasters requiring societies to WHO ARE READY FOR be organised, aware and educated. After Kocaeli and Düzce earthquakes which occurred in the recent years and affected a major DISASTERS. part of the society, disaster and disaster management concepts have been at the top of the agenda frequently in particular for academia, in the public administration organisations and in all the public discussions including various parts of the public. The discussions that are focused on these concepts attract attention of every segment of the society, whether they are interested or not. Within this program, it is aimed to have the public employees acquire the awareness in and responsibility for disaster as an individual in the society and also as a public servant, by considering disaster management with a holistic view. It contributes to ensure that public employees, particularly managers, are informed about disaster management and therefore disaster awareness is enhanced. This is the first program at a graduate level in the field of social sciences. First graduates were in 2014-2015 period. In 2014-2015 academic year 6 students were enrolled, and in 2015-2016 academic year 10 students were enrolled in the program.

43 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible agency Dokuz Eylül University • AFAD (Disaster and Emergency Management Authority) CRISIS AND DISASTER External • İzmir Metropolitan Stakeholders Municipality • Non-governmental MANAGEMENT COURSES organizations • Universities Date of 01.01.2006 commencement Date of completion Continuous completion

In 2006, for the first time among the Public Administration Departments in Turkey, “Integrated Crisis Management Resulted from Natural Disaster” course was delivered as a “compulsory course” at Dokuz Eylül University Public Administration Department, however this course’s status was changed as “elective”. “Disaster management” course is still delivered as a “elective” course at the sixth semester of third class. It is appropriate for all the Public Administration Departments as a compulsory course.

44 Responsible agency İstanbul Aydın University • Edirne Governorate • Edirne Provincial Special External Administration OUR SCHOOLS Stakeholders • Edirne Provincial Directorate of National ARE GAINING STRENGTH Date of 07.06.2013 commencement Date of completion Continuous completion PROJECT

Increase in urbanization and concentration in settlements have is approximately 1.500.000 ₺ and it is funded by Edirne Governo- changed the role appraised for civil engineering. Particularly in rate. the recent years, civil engineers play an effective role in main- This project consisted of processes of on the spot examination taining and structuring a sustainable life which is in peace and of school buildings within the provincial borders, determination harmony with the nature instead of acting as a soldier in the fight of material durability in laboratory environment and completion against the nature. Therefore, it is of importance that current buil- of structural performance analyses. Strengthening processes ding stock performance is assessed in accordance with the regi- have been initiated urgently by preparing strengthening projects on where it was built and its quality, buildings that cannot exhibit for the buildings of which performance levels do not meet the an acceptable performance is withdrawn from operation, and requirements of By-Law. With this study, it is targeted to take construction activities are halted in the regions with serious natu- measures in the region against earthquakes which are among ral disaster potential. Towards the implementation of this subject the most devastating disasters. in the context of disaster management, in 2013, “Our Schools Are Gaining Strength” Project which was signed by Edirne Governo- Until today, approximately 110 schools and dormitories located rate, Edirne Provincial Special Administration, Edirne Provincial in Edirne provincial borders have been examined, strengthening Directorate of National Education and İstanbul Aydın University projects for 25 of these buildings which were ascertained as risky was put into practice. have been prepared and strengthening process for buildings that are cost effective for strengthening have started. This cooperation project consisted of processes of on the spot examination of school buildings within the provincial borders, determination of material durability in laboratory environment and completion of structural performance analyses. Strengthening processes have been initiated urgently by preparing strengthening projects for the buildings of which performance levels do not meet the requirements of By-Law. With this study, it is targeted to take measures in the region against earthquakes which are among the most devastating disasters. Budget of this project

45 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible agency AFAD

Date of 01.11.2013 EVALUATION REPORT: commencement Date of completion 20.12.2013 GOVERNANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY completion IN DISASTER RISKS REDUCTION

Today, the climate change depending on environmental impairment and global warming resulted from rapid urbanization, population increase and industrialization leads to an increase in the risks of man-induced and natural disaster. In this context, many national and international organizations conduct studies. United Nations has formed various mechanisms which guide the studies in this field and gather the countries together. In this regard European Forum for Disaster Risks Reduction (EFDRR) is being taken place and documents are prepared by determining instructive strategies for the mitigation of disasters in European countries. The EFDRR Working Group-3 (WG3) chaired by Turkey and titled Governance and Accountability in Disaster Risks Reduction includes the representatives from England, Bulgaria, Croatia, Georgia, EU and UN-ISDR. The working group has contributed to new framework action plan (HFA2) which is to enter into force following Hyogo Framework Action Plan (HFA) and also instructive concrete outputs (strategies and financial instruments to be developed about DRR) have been produced regarding the significant deficiencies and challenges emphasized in monitoring and evaluation reports on HFA which are published. Within this framework, the proposal that WG3 should identify the short and long term objectives and shape terms of reference accordingly as Turkey being the Group Chair has been accepted. A report on ‘HFA Governance and Accountability Report: European Perspective’ has been prepared and in this report the current situation of Turkey and EFDRR countries in Disaster Risks Management has been analyzed and samples of good practices have been determined and a future road map has been prepared in line with the principles of good governance. Within the scope of this report, instructive suggestions in the process of UNHFA have been put forward in line with the principle of governance and accountability in reducing disaster risks of EFDRR countries.

46 Responsible agency AFAD

Date of 01.04.2014 commencement PREPARATION OF DISASTER RISK Date of completion 31.12.2014 completion REDUCTION COUNTRY SITUTATION REPORT

Regarding the preparations of National Progress Report for ree thousand (3000) public institution and organizations, private the Implementation of Hyogo Framework Action Plan (2013- sector, civil society organizations and universities was presented 2015) AFAD signed a collaboration protocol with TODAIE which in the Conference held in Sendai between 14-18 March 2015. is a national public management institution and the preparation period of the report has been completed with the participation of the relevant institutions and shareholders. Within this period, firstly information forms prepared for central administration and local administration institutions and NGOs, universities, private sector institutions and trade associations were applied by Turkey in order to determine the realization levels of objectives determined for reducing disaster risks in 2011-2013. With the purpose of evaluating the data provided by about 3000 institutions from central and local administrations by means of the information forms and also determining future strategies, “Preparation Workshop for Turkey Disaster Risk Reduction Situation Report“ was organized between 17-18 November 2014 in TODAIE with the participation of the members of National Platform for Disas- ter Risk Reduction and other shareholders. Within the scope of the Workshop, a general assessment of information forms was made and then a SWAT analysis regarding disaster risk reduction was carried out with the participation of shareholders. The information and future strategies obtained with these studies were reflected in Turkey Situation Report. Country Situation Report prepared with the information forms applied either Local NET web portal or via mail to more than th-

47 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible agency TODAİE External • Ministry Of Development Stakeholders Date of 01.04.2014 DISASTER MANAGEMENT TRAINING IN commencement Date of completion 31.12.2014 LOCAL ADMINISTRATIONS completion

The training programs organized for the staff of local administrations have two objectives in general. The first one is to provide the latest information about disaster management to the participants at professional level and to search solutions for the problems they encounter in practice. The second is to bring together the staff of local administrations working in divisions related to disaster management and to create a suitable environment to share and transfer information and experience. Within the scope of the training the following courses are provided: • Disaster Management • Disaster Regulation • Disaster and Emergency Management Plan • Risk Management in Natural and Technological Disasters • Disaster Ready Turkey Training and Awareness Project and Disaster Response Plan (TAMP) • Disaster Practices • Meteorological Disasters Early Warning and Forecast • CBRN • Natural Disaster Risks of Turkey • DASK • Health Services in Disaster and Emergencies The budget of the training program of Disaster Management for Local Administrations are financed by the Ministry of Defence and the participant are not requested any fee. 55 local administration staff has been benefitted from the training program so far.

48 Responsible agency Turkish Red Crescent • International Federation External of Red Cross and Red Stakeholders Crescent Societies Date of 01.01.2001 DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND commencement Date of completion Continuous completion RESPONSE TRAINING

In the trainings knowledge and skills of disaster personnel about all phases of disaster management are developed and the practices are standardised.

Within the scope of disaster training programs, with one of the basic trainings required for all Red Crescent staff “disaster preparedness and response training”, it has been aimed to develop knowledge and skills about disaster management at regional and local level, to standardize the practices and to response a big disaster that could happen in our country in most effective and fastest way. In the trainings knowledge and skills of disaster personnel about all phases of disaster management are developed and the practices are standardized. As of 2001, with our training program organized for institution staff and Red Crescent volunteers 1630 people has been trained up to date. With the training assessment study carried out at the end of each training program, the changing of current knowledge level of the staff is evaluated. The results of the evaluation studies carried out for years has shown that DPR trainings increased the level of knowledge and skills of disaster personnel.

49 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible agency Turkish Red Crescent • Ministry of Interior • Ministry of Education • Directorate of Religious DISASTER DAMAGE REDUCTION External Affairs Stakeholders • AFAD • Turkish National Police PROGRAMME • Turkish Catastrophe Insurance Pool Date of 01.04.2007 commencement Date of completion 31.12.2017 completion

The purpose of the project is to be prepared against the disasters and to create a mitigation culture in the society by means of society leaders to reduce the possible disaster damages. The objectives set for the purpose of the project, To develop cooperation between local institutions • To create sense of social responsibility in society • To prompt the society by ensuring volunteerism and public participation to create a mitigation culture against disasters • Within the scope of the project financed by Turkish Red Crescent, 1.000.000 TRY has been spent so far. It has been a pioneer and leading project regarding disaster mitigation. Awareness has been created regarding the way of acting before and after disaster by means of society leaders. • In 68 provinces • Headman: 10.889 • Teacher: 25.598 • Religious Official: 28.802 • Community Police: 1.062 • In total, 66.351 community leaders have been reached.

50 Responsible agency Turkish Red Crescent External • Ministry of Education Stakeholders Date of 01.01.2004 commencement SAFE LIFE WITH Date of completion Continuous completion RED CRESCENT

It has been developed with the purpose of familiarising Red Cres- It is the first project of its kinds in our country and in the World cent with natural disasters and ways of protection. The purpose and it has been prepared for all kinds of disasters. is to increase the awareness of students, families and teachers • 478.111 classroom calendars have been distributed. about disasters, preparation for disaster, safety, social responsibility, volunteerism and humanitarian values. It contains dissemination materials for all the disasters that happened in Turkey. Printing materials are financed by Turkish Red Crescent and sponsor institutions.

51 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible agency Ministry of Environment and Urbanization • AFAD External • Ministry of Interior LAW NO 6306 ON TRANSFORMATION Stakeholders • Local Administration Date of 16.05.2012 OF AREAS UNDER RISK commencement Date of completion Continuous completion

In the Disaster Turkey Project carried out with the coordina- “Agreement with the owners of the areas and buildings found tion of AFAD, the development of resistant buildings has been under risk against disasters is ensured and the principle of “vo- accelerated. lunteerism” are brought for the deconstruction of these risky buildings for converting them and for ensuring re-settlement, A significant part of our country is under natural disaster however it is also provided for that the buildings of those who risk, especially earthquake. However, it is known that a great do not comply with this principle are to be demolished by the amount of the existing buildings are not resistant to possible Ministry or Administration and the risky building and areas are disasters and that they have been damaged and demolished to be evacuated. Therefore, the Law No. 6306 is about putting even in a medium magnitude of earthquake and therefore so- into practice an urban regeneration project in order to build re- cio-economic problems have been faced and the Government sistant buildings before disaster. has faced a big financial burden in an unexpected time. The big earthquake disasters that happened in 1999 in Marmara Regi- on resulting in the death of ten thousands of people and huge financial lost and following earthquakes and after the last earthquake in Van that happened in 2011, the transformation of the buildings under risks was aimed and the Law numbered 6306 entered into force in 2012.

52 Responsible agency Undersecretariat of Treasury • AFAD External • Ministry of Environment Stakeholders and Urbanization • Local Administration LAW NO 6305 Date of 9.5.2012 commencement ON DISASTER INSURANCES Date of completion Continuous completion

The awareness of our nation has been raised regarding the frost, avalanche falling and the like, if the insurance companies mitigation of disaster and emergency. fail to cover the damage, the insurance or reinsurance guarantee will be granted by our Government by protecting the prin- The Law was put into force in order to determine the proce- ciple of insurance business. In this way, the loss of our citizens dure and principles of the compulsory earthquake insurance to resulted from the disasters will be covered. be made for the compensation of financial damages that could occur in buildings as a result of earthquake and of the insurance and reinsurance guarantees to be offered to cover the financial and physical damages that could happen as a result of various disasters and risks for which guarantee cannot be given or can be hardly given by the insurance companies. When deemed necessary for the benefit of the public for natural disasters such as earthquake, flood, landslide, storm, hail,

53 ZEROTH MINUTE IN DISASTERS

54 55 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible agency AFAD

Date of 18 Aralık 2013 commencement Date of completion Continuous TURKEY DISASTER RESPONSE PLAN completion (TAMP)

Province National Level Disaster RISK MANAGEMENT RAPID AND EFFECTIVE CONCEPT Response INTERVENTION Service Plans Group Plans Main Solution Partners OUR SUPPORT AND SOLUTION ADAPTABLE AND COOPERATION AND PARTNERS FLEXIBLE ALLOCATION OF STRUCTURE RESPONSIBILITIES • Other Ministries • Governorships AMONG AGENCIES • Provincial Directorate of • Turkish General Staff Disaster and Emergency • Civil Society Organizations • Local Organization of • Volunteers the Ministries • Private Sector • Red Crescent • Universities • Relevant public

ORGANISATION CAPACITY administrations and DEPENDING ON DEVELOPMENT TYPE OF EVENTS institutions

Local Level Incident Type Service TIMELY ARRIVAL AT THE Response Plans SYSTEMIC DISASTER AREA Group APPROACH Plans

A new organizational structure was established to systemati- With TAMP, the duties of staff in the event of a disaster and the cally manage the moment of chaos during Disaster and Emer- organization of the response have already been identified. There gency situations, with this new response network where all ins- are 28 intervention service groups according to nature of the ser- titutions establishments can work in coordination, the country's vices provided. resources can be used in an efficient manner. With the Turkey With TAMP, the roles, duties and responsibilities of service Disaster Response Plan (TAMP), Turkey has now become much groups and coordination units involved in response to disasters more prepared for disasters and emergencies. and emergencies such as earthquakes, floods, landslides, ava- TAMP covers public institutions, private sector, non-govern- lanches, fires, industrial accidents were defined in accordance mental organizations and natural persons who are employed to with their expertise, the basic principles of intervention planning effectively respond to all kinds and scales of disasters that can before, during and after disaster were determined. be experienced in Turkey. With an integrated planning approach TAMP is also supported by web-based information system, Di- and modular structure, TAMP is a system designed to minimize saster Management and Decision Support System (DMDSS) that operational risks during disasters. allows all institutions and organizations demand and resource Key solution partners that work in coordination with TAMP management, enabling faster coordination thanks to the com- where coordination with Prime Ministry AFAD is in the forefront munication network and co-decision support mechanisms. are the Ministries of Interior Affairs, Transportation, Maritime Another element that supports TAMP are the 22 Logistics and Communication, Health, Energy and Natural Resources, En- Centers established throughout Turkey for the transportation of vironment and Urban Development, Family and Social Policies, temporary shelter materials to disaster areas. Trucks can loaded Food, Agriculture and Livestock, Finance and the Turkish Red within minutes at the Logistics Centers, and the materials can be Crescent in the center... In the provinces under provincial disaster remotely monitored and controlled. response plan, in coordination of governorship provincial disaster and emergency directorates, and local offices of the same insti- To increase public awareness and operability of the system, tutions. trainings and exercises at all levels are organized throughout the country.

56 External Stakeholders • Ministry of Family and Social Policies • Ministry of Health • Ministry of Environment and Urban Affairs • Ministry of Maritime, Transport and • Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources Communications • Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock • The Red Crescent • Ministry of Interior Affairs • and other relevant institutions and organizations • Ministry of Finance

HIGH COUNCIL FOR DISASTERS AND EMERGENCIES DISASTER AND EMERGENCY DISASTER AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT COORDINATION COUNCIL CENTER FOR MINISTRIES PRIME MINISTRY/AFAD PROVINCIAL DISASTER AND EMERGENCY CONSULTATIVE COUNCILS DISASTER AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT CENTER MANAGEMENT CENTERS PRESS ADVISER'S OFFICE, LEGAL ADVISER'S OFFICE, LIAISON OFFICER, SECURITY SUPERVISOR

OPERATIONS SECTION LOGISTICS AND MAINTENANCE INFORMATION AND PLANNING FINANCE AND ADMINISTRATIVE SECTION SECTION AFFAIRS SECTION

PRELIMINARY IMPROVEMENT SERVICE EMERGENCY SERVICE GROUPS GROUPS

INFORMATION MANAGEMENT, DAMAGE ASSESSMENT COMMUNICATION SERVICE TRANSPORTATION SERVICE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT FOOD, AGRICULTURE AND LOGISTICS GROUPS LOGISTICS ASSESMENT AND MONITORING PROCUREMENT AND LEASING SERVICE GROUP GROUP GROUP SERVICE GROUP LIVESTOCK SERVICE GROUP SERVICE GROUP SERVICE GROUP SERVICE GROUP MINISTRY OF MARITIME, MINISTRY OF MARITIME, MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT TRANSPORT AND TRANSPORT AND MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT MINISTRY OF FOOD, AFAD AFAD AFAD AND URBAN AFFAIRS COMMUNICATIONS COMMUNICATIONS AND URBAN AFFAIRS AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK

INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICE FIRE SERVICE GROUP SECURITY AND TRAFFIC INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICE ACCOMMODATION SERVICE TECHNICAL SUPPORT SUPPLY ACCOUNTING, BUDGET AND FINANCIAL GROUP SERVICE GROUP GROUP GROUP SERVICE GROUP REPORTING SERVICE GROUP

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT MINISTRY OF MARITIME, AND URBAN AFFAIRS MINISTRY OF INTERIOR MINISTRY OF INTERIOR AND URBAN AFFAIRS AFAD TRANSPORT AND AFAD COMMUNICATIONS

NUTRITION SERVICE GROUP RESERCH AND RESCUE TRANSPORTATION SERVICE NUTRITION SERVICE GROUP FUNERAL SERVICES GROUP TECHNICAL SUPPORT SUPPLY SERVICE GROUP GROUP SERVICE GROUP DAMAGE ASSESSMENT SERVICE GROUP MINISTRY OF MARITIME, KIZILAY AFAD TRANSPORT AND RED CRESCENT MINISTRY OF INTERIOR AFAD COMMUNICATIONS MALİYE BAKANLIĞI

DEBRIS REMOVAL SERVICE EVACUATION AND SETTLEMENT DEBRIS REMOVAL SERVICE PSYCHOSOCIAL SUPPORT DONATIONS IN KIND, WAREHOUSES ENERGY SERVICE GROUP MANAGEMENT DISTRIBUTION GROUP PLANNING SERVICE GROUP GROUP SERVICE GROUP SERVICE GROUP NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL CASH DONATIONS SERVICE GROUP MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND MINISTRY OF FAMILY AND AND URBAN AFFAIRS MINISTRY OF INTERIOR NATURAL RESOURCES AND URBAN AFFAIRS SOCIAL POLICIES SOCIAL POLICIES AFAD

CBRN SERVICE GROUP HEALTHCARE SERVICE GROUP INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT AND COOPERATION SERVICE GROUP MINISTRY OF MARITIME, AFAD TRANSPORT AND AFAD COMMUNICATIONS

With the Turkey Disaster Response Plan that establishes a fast, effective and comprehensive response organization for all types of disasters, in the event of a possible disaster; • In less time, in broader areas, more lives will be saved, • Through effective use of resources, response efforts will be carried out quickly, • Economic and social losses will be minimized, • Interrupted daily activities will return to normal as soon as possible. With the Disaster Response Plan, Turkey is now better prepared for disaster and emergency situations.

57 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible agency AFAD

Date of 11.12.2013 commencement Date of completion 31.12.2017 DISASTER MANAGEMENT completion AND DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM

Disaster Management and Decision Support System (DM- System Components DSS) is a sustainable disaster management and decision sup-

port system software based on geographic information system, Web-based System Incident Control that allows integrated disaster management of all stages fol- Desktop Integrated Web software Spatial Services OHR Information System lowed electronically and ensure effective implementation. Display Panel

DATA DATA Improvement DMDSS is the IT infrastructure of Turkey Disaster Response Disaster Management and Decision Support System Plan (TAMP). With DMDSS, the decision makers are able to ac- Integrated Mobile Spatial Information Analysis and Applications System Enquiry Tools Incident cess the data they need in the disaster management process in MAIN MODULE Improvement Command System Center Joint Operations a fast and accurate fashion. Picture Display Panel With Disaster Management and Decision Support System: • Event Management • TAMP management DMDSS will be used within the context of all institutions and • Resource Management organizations, particularly our Directorate central and provincial organizations who are the main partners of service and • Facilities Management support groups at national and local levels within the Turkey • Spatial Information System Disaster Response Plan (TAMP). • Improvement With DMDSS, IT infrastructure and management model based decision support system needed for effective processes re- • Warehouse Management lated to disaster and emergency management (planning, pre- • Staff Management paredness, response and recovery) has been established. With this sustainable disaster management will can be carried out and statistical information and reports regarding all these transactions can be monitored from a single center electronically. 58 External Stakeholders • Ministry of Family and Social Policies • Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communications • Ministry of Environment and Urban Affairs • Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources • The Red Crescent • Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock • and other relevant institutions and organizations • Ministry of Interior Affairs • Ministry of Finance • Ministry of Health

SCENARIO PANEL

Logistical Requirements Research and Rescue Healthcare Requirements Other Requirements

Estimated number of tents

Blankets Beds

Kitchen Sets Heaters

59 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible agency AFAD External UNHCR Stakeholders Date of 25.02.2014 MOBILE COORDINATION TRUCKS commencement Date of Continuous completion

23 mobile crisis management, communications, and com- financing (USD 9.000.000.- for 23 vehicles) was funded by mand control vehicles purchased to be used in Disaster and UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) and Emergency Management Authority services are used for all donated to our Directorate. kinds of communication and coordination in emergency areas Within the context of population movements from Syria to during natural disasters, epidemics, mass migration move- Turkey, the registration of Syrians coming to Turkey was car- ments or wars. At present one truck prototype is equipped ried out with the help of these vehicles. with a special system required to meet the communication needs of teams within themselves and with other teams in the region as well as fixed communications centers (satellite, long and short wave radio, GSM, etc.). The modernization project COORDINATION IN DISASTER with communication and information systems for our other trucks is still ongoing. AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS The vehicle is also equipped with a special living area requ- IS PROVIDED BY MOBILE ired for long-term tasks. The living space has been designed bearing in mind the needs of senior officials who may visit COORDINATION TRUCKS the disaster and emergency areas. Consists of 6 separate sub-systems, including system requirements, communication, study area, living area, viewing, cooling/heating and energy. It has been used as a mobile office for the registration of Syrians staying outside the sheltering centers. Following the end of this process, they will be made available to services group determined under TAMP in an emergency and disaster situation. The projects of these vehicle have been prepared by the Response Office and

60 61 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible agency AFAD External UNHCR Stakeholders Date of 25.02.2014 DISASTER AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE commencement Date of Continuous SERVICES REGULATION completion

PRIME MINISTRY DISASTER AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT CENTER OPERATES 7/24 with staff who are on duty day and night for disasters and emergencies occurring nationally and abroad, ensures coordination and cooperation in Preparedness and Response Activities among Public Institutions, Disaster and Emergency Management Centres, NGOs and the Prime Ministry.

Disaster and Emergency Response Regulation, is one of the legal pillars of Turkey Disaster Response Plan (TAMP) and in- IN DISASTERS AND volves making the necessary interventions at zero minutes of EMERGENCIES a possible disaster by all institutions of the Republic of Turkey. In disasters and emergency events experienced, the said EFFECTIVE RESPONSE AND Regulation has outlined how to intervene effectively in the le- COORDINATION gal sense and this has proven successful.

62 Responsible agency AFAD

Date of 01.10.2012 commencement Date of completion 31.12.2014 completion AFAD HF RADIO NETWORK

In disasters and emergencies, anticipating that during disaster management public institutions and organizations will experience dis- ruption of normal communication due to damage to conventional communication infrastructure and becoming unusable, an Hf wireless infrastructure to ensure uninterrupted communication to the provincial disaster and emergency directorates has been established. The radios within the scope of project are already being actively used, contributing to backup. The project was conducted within the scope of continuous and secure communications. HF radio infrastructure available in 17 provinces was extended to 46 other provinces in 2012-2013 and 18 others in 2013-2014 and the project has been completed. During disaster and emergency management, contributions were made to ensure uninterrupted communication between the provincial disaster emergency offices located in the provinces, with the diversification of means of communication alternatives have been increased. With the project, HF radios were established in 81 Provinces, contributing to a communications infrastructure that can withstand disaster and emergency situations.

REGION 1 REGION 2 REGION 3 REGION 4 REGION 5 REGION 6 REGION 7 REGION 8

Ankara İstanbul İzmir Sakarya Adana Samsun Erzurum Diyarbakır

Konya Edirne Manisa Zonguldak Mersin Sinop Ardahan Van

Aksaray Kırklareli Kütahya Bartın Hatay Amasya Kars Hakkari

Nevşehir Tekirdağ U>ak Karabük Osmaniye Tokat Iğdır Şırnak

Kırşehir Çanakkale Afyon Gürce Kilis Ordu Ağrı Siirt

Yozgat Balıkesir Isparta Kastamonu Gaziantep Sivas Bingöl Bitlis

Kırıkkale Burul Antalya Bolu K. Maraş Gümüşhane Elazığ Muş

Çorum Yalova Burdur Bilecik Kayseri Giresun Malatya Batman

Çankırı Kocaeli Denizli Niğde Trabzon Tunceli Mardin

Eskişehir Muğla Karaman Rize Erzincan Ş. Urfa

Aydın Artvin Bayburt Adıyaman

63 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible Ministry of Interior agency Affairs • Ministry of Maritime, CIVILIAN ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITIES Transport and Communications • Ministry of Environment TRAINING IN PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING and Urban Affairs External • Ministry of Health Stakeholders • Ministry of Family and RESPONSE SERVICES DURING DISASTERS Social Policies • Turkish Red Crescent • Presidency of General Staff • AFAD Date of 25.02.2014 commencement Date of Continuous completion

Information was provided and awareness raised for planning and implementation of response services in disasters and AWARENESS HAS BEEN emergencies for Civilian Administrators, duties and responsi- RAISED REGARDING PLANNING bilities within the scope of Turkey Disaster Response Plan of national and local level service groups. The budget has been AND IMPLEMENTATION OF met from the Ministry of the Interior Department of Education. DISASTER RESPONSE 75 civilian officials have been trained. It has been quite pro- ductive in terms of informing, raising awareness and promo- SERVICES BY CIVILIAN ting service issues. ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITIES

64 Responsible Ministry of Maritime, agency Transport and Communications • Presidency • Head of the Parliament DISASTER and EMERGENCY • Prime Ministry External • Chief of Staff Stakeholders • Ministries SATELLITE • AFAD • Governorates • District Governorships PHONES Date of 17.08.2012 commencement Date of Continuous completion

Within the framework of the cooperation between Ministry of Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communications and Di- saster and Emergency Management Authority; in case of dis- ruption of existing communication systems or the absence of the infrastructure in the event of disaster and emergencies, in order to provide alternative communication possibilities between public institutions until communication systems are back in service 723 Satellite Phones have been purchased by our Ministry and delivered to these institutions. The mentioned satellite phones were put into service on August 17, 2012. All expenses including the subscription, activation, sim card fee and other taxes as well as the fixed fee and the cost of 180 minute calls in all directions for the first year were included in the project [budget] and met by our Ministry. In severe disasters and emergencies, terrestrial communication infrastructures, just like all other infrastructures that are of vital importance, are damaged. In this framework, until the communication infrastructures that are damaged in the disaster region are put into service again, satellite systems are effectively used in the communication of related institutions/organizations among each other and in disaster management. (For example, the satellite phones that were used during the Tsunami and earthquake disaster that happened in Japan in 2011) Satellite phones are aimed to be used in big disasters that are likely to happen in our country.

65 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible Ministry of Transport, agency Maritime Affairs and Communications • Information and Communication External Technologies Authority EMERGENCY Stakeholders • Avea • Turkcell Date of 23.06.2011 MOBILE BASE STATIONS commencement Date of Continuous completion

THROUGH EMERGENCY MOBILE BASE STATIONS, FAST AND EFFECTIVE MOBILE COMMUNICATION IS ENSURED AT TIMES OF DISASTERS AND EMERGENCIES

As a result of the joint study conducted by the Ministry of sensitive detection of the signals coming from mobile phones Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communications; and Infor- during the rescuing of citizens, who were trapped under the mation and Communication Technologies Authority, which wreckage, by search and rescue teams, and thus helped lo- is the regulatory institution; mobile base stations owned by cating the citizens trapped under the wreckage and rescuing mobile operators, the transmission of which can be carried hundreds of people. In disasters like Van earthquake, Soma out through satellites in 25 locations of Turkey, were deployed mine tragedy, etc., AFAD has provided communication sup- on June 23, 2011 so as to be used under the management of port to mobile communication vehicles, mobile vehicles of governorships with the aim of providing correspondence in other teams, hospitals, etc. Besides, until the construction of geographical regions where there is no GSM coverage in the permanent facilities, it has provided mobile communication of case of emergencies (flood, earthquake, road block, accidents temporary housing facilities accommodating the citizens who about land and aerial transport, avalanche, being lost, etc.) were affected from the disaster. and with the aim of being used whenever they are needed. It has played an active role in both rescuing the disaster vic- The number of these base stations was increased to 40 on tims of the earthquakes and other natural disasters that hap- December 31, 2014. The mentioned base stations are located pened in recent years, and in the communication of personnel at 40 points which will enable the fastest delivery to 81 provin- working for the institutions that are responsible for working in ces across Turkey. the disaster area. When mobile coverage is lost at times of emergency (flood, earthquake, road block, accidents about land and aerial transport, avalanche, being lost, etc.); they provide mobile voice and Internet communication among the institutions responsible for disaster management through satellite transmission. By doing so, they support ensuring a more efficient communication among these institutions and help carrying out the services more efficiently. For example, during Van earthquake, emergency mobile base stations contributed to

66 67 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible agency Turkish Red Crescent • AFAD • Ministries and Provincial Organisations 2011 VAN and ERCİŞ EARTHQUAKES • Mayorships External • International Federation Stakeholders of Red Cross and Red HUMANITARIAN RELIEF OPERATION Crescent Societies • National Associations • European Union Fund Date of 07.06.2013 commencement Date of Continuous completion

Following the first earthquake with a magnitude of 7.2 that Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Due to the arising need for happened in Tabanlı Village of central Van on October 23, 2011 blood in the region, Red Crescent’s blood services were aler- at 1:41 pm, a second earthquake with a magnitude of 5.6 hap- ted and the blood stocks were urgently sent by our institution pened in Edremit district of central Van on November 9, 2011 to the province of Van, ensuring that no problems about blood at 9:25 pm. or blood products were experienced. In the mentioned earthquakes, our 644 citizens had lost the- Following the earthquakes that happened in the province ir lives, hundreds were injured, and a total of 650,000 citizens of Van with magnitudes of 7.2 and 5.6 affecting some 650,000 of ours were affected. people; Just after the news about the disaster was received, the 1. In the first 12 hours; Headquarters of the General Directorate, Disaster Operation • Seven regional disaster management centers, four local Center (AFOM) of the Headquarters, nine Regional Disaster disaster management centers, and the branches of Turkish Management Centers and four Local Disaster Management Red Crescent carried out response activities in the field. Centers came to attention; loading and delivery of disaster materials started; and leading teams were sent to the disas- • 6,011 tents, 19 general purpose tents, 19,751 blankets, and ter area. The temporary emergency sheltering and nutrition 1,002 kitchen sets were sent to the field. support were provided to the disaster victims at the fastest • 30,055 people were reached by the 90 personnel of Turkish way possible and in this context, the following sheltering faci- Red Crescent in the field. lities were established and operated: two Mevlana Cities and two tent cities in central Van; a total of five tent cities in Erciş 2. 168 hours (7th Day) district including three tent cities, one Mevlana city and three • Nine regional disaster management centers, 23 local disaster container cities; three Mevlana cities and three container ci- management centers, and the branches of Turkish Red Cres- ties. The works carried out in the region were funded by the cent participated in the response activities carried out in the field. shareholder’s equity of Turkish Red Crescent Society, the aid campaign that was launched, international donations/funds, • 27,533 tents, 43 general purpose tents, 2,320 Mevlana houses, and the funds provided by the International Federation of Red 45,350 blankets, and 1,002 kitchen sets were sent to the field.

68 • 149,265 people were reached by the 131 personnel of Tur- • 35,432 dry foods were distributed. kish Red Crescent in the field. • In the context of psychosocial services, a total of 17,640 pe- • Throughout the response process; ople were reached. • the sheltering needs of some 265,000 people were met by • In the field of health services, 1,849 erythrocyte suspensi- Turkish Red Crescent. ons, 646 fresh frozen plasmas, and 59 thrombocyte suspen- sions were offered for the use of hospitals. • a total of 1,127 semi-trailer trucks (343 in the first three days) delivered the disaster materials to the field. In the first seven days after the disaster happened, 94,200 meals/food services were provided. Throughout the whole process, 3,410,195 meals/food services were provided and 3,183,538 breads were distributed. Throughout the response process; • 3,126 tents, • 3,794 prefabricated units • 213,390 blankets, • 6,831 heaters, • 23,612 sleeping bags, • 21,496 kitchen sets, • 74,629 food packages, • 417 beds, 69 POST-DISASTER

70 71 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible agency AFAD • TOKİ (Housing External Development Stakeholders Administration), Van VAN DISASTER HOUSES Governorship Date of commencement 03.11.2011 Date of completion 31.12.2013

WE are DELIVERING 15,341 DISASTER HOUSES

The mentioned disaster houses have been offered to the ben- 12,384 of the 17,489 dwellings that were built by AFAD for TOKİ eficiaries whose houses were destroyed in Van earthquake. were named as ‘Central Van Dwellings’ while 4,880 of them were In order to ensure that our citizens who lost their houses in named as the earthquake go back to their regular daily lives as soon as Erciş dwellings. While in the context of Central Van Dwellings, possible, the works about choosing the location of permanent 56 social reinforcements were added while this number was 18 for housing were completed fastly in the framework of the works Erciş dwellings. Besides, 225 dwellings and 235 social reinforce- initiated by AFAD. The first tender for permanent housing was ments were built in the context of village houses. The ratios of Cen- held on November 3, 2011. On the 39th day of the earthquake, tral Van Dwellings and Erciş dwellings in all permanent housings the groundbreaking of 15,323 houses was held and the works on are 71 percent and 28 percent, respectively. permanent housing started. Social reinforcements include: The construction process of the houses built by TOKİ for AFAD continued uninterruptedly in spite of the harsh winter conditions. • Primary school and high school In the region, which experienced the coldest winter for the latest • Mosque years according to meteorological data, special techniques were • Trade center applied in order not to interrupt the construction works. • Primary health care center • Village hall Hot concrete application, which can be used even in freezing • Barn. weather conditions, as well as heating and covering processes In the context of Central Van Dwellings, 12,384 housings were were successfully implemented by professional teams. built at five different locations while in the context of Erciş dwell- The construction of dwelling, which was accelerated with ings, 4,880 dwellings were constructed. In addition, in the context special chemical materials, was completed in a record break- of country houses, 225 dwellings were constructed. The number of ing short time and offered to the use of earthquake victims. The total dwellings that were constructed is 17,489. In the context of so- dwellings that were constructed by taking into consideration the cial reinforcements; 30 schools, 28 mosques, 22 trade centers, 225 earthquake tendency of the region were built as earthquake re- barns, three village halls, and one primary health care center were sistant and without compromising from any points. constructed. In Edremit, 11 schools, 12 mosques, and 11 trade

72 centers were built in addition to 7,812 dwellings. Edremit was the region where the highest number of dwellings were constructed in the context of Central Van Dwellings. Edremit is followed by Kalecik dwellings, Bostaniçi dwellings, Sıhke dwellings, and Kevenli dwellings, respectively. In the context of Erciş dwellings, eight schools, five mosques, and five trade centers were built in addition to 4,880 dwellings. In the context of Topaktaş country houses and Özkaynak country houses, 175 and 50 country houses were built respectively. There are 63 square meter barns beneath these country houses. In addition, in the context of Topaktaş and Özkaynak country houses, four mosques, three village halls, one primary health care center, and two schools were built and offered to the use of our citizens. The dwellings have a gross area of 99.5 square meters and are designed to have three rooms and one saloon. According to the Turkish Earthquake Regulation, they were constructed as resistant to high magnitude earthquakes. The dwellings in the village were also constructed as earthquake resistant and have an area of 95 square meters. Next to each country house is a 63 square meter barn. In addition to the disaster dwellings in Central Van and Erciş, [a total of] 30 primary schools and high schools, 28 mosques, and 22 trade centers were constructed. Landscaping and the construction of the roads in the building complexes were also carried out by AFAD-TOKİ cooperation.

73 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible agency AFAD • Ministry of Foreign Affairs • Ministry of Interior SYRIA COORDINATION CIRCULAR • Ministry of Health • Ministry of Education • Ministry of Family and NUMBERED 2014/4 External Social Policies Stakeholders • Ministry of Labor and Social Security • Ministry of Customs and Trade • Turkish Red Crescent • Civil society organizations Date of 01.01.2014 commencement Date of Continuous completion

While the entrances to Turkey started from Hatay’s Yayla- been authorized and made responsible for the overall coordi- dağı district on April 29, 2011, many activities -especially mee- nation of services provided to the foreigners under temporary ting the basic needs like sheltering and nutrition of foreigners protection. who enter our country- related to the population movements This regulation, which was issued by AFAD has enabled from Syria to our country have been carried out by many ins- that the services related to emergencies and humanitarian titutions, organizations and civil society organizations such as aids are efficiently provided to all stakeholders. the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Health, Ministry of National Education, Ministry of Family and Social Policies, Ministry of Labor and Social Security, Ministry HELPING HAND OF THE of Customs and Trade, Turkish Red Crescent under the coor- BROTHER TO THE dination of AFAD. The Temporary Protection Regulation, which was prepared NEIGHBOUR COUNTRY based on article 91 of the Law on Foreigners and International Protection, was published in the Official Gazette dated October MORE Than of 260,000 22, 2014 and numbered 29153 and entered into force. Then, in accordance with the Temporary Article 1 of the Regulation, the Syrians who have been coming to our country with the aim SYRIANS of finding temporary protection have been covered under the in 26 TEMPORARY SHELTERING status of ‘temporary protection’ beginning from April 28, 2011. In article 26 called ‘Services’ of the sixth chapter called ‘Ser- CENTERS vices to be Provided for the Ones Under Temporary Protection’ of the regulation, it is stated that “The services that are provi- in 10 PROVINCES ded by related ministries as well as public bodies and institutions in the context of this regulation are conducted under the coordination of AFAD”. And through this provision, AFAD has

74 75 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible agency AFAD External • Directorate General of Stakeholders Migration Management Date of 01.10.2012 TEMPORARY DISASTER CITY commencement Date of Sürekli MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (AFKEN) completion

The goal of AFKEN (Temporary Disaster City Management the past. AFKEN system was spread to all sheltering centers System) is to enable the central management and monito- which were offered to service three years ago. Throughout the ring of all works related to temporary housing centers like three year period, 950 users were introduced to the system. container cities and tent cities to be established to provide AFKEN system keeps the records of a total of 43,000 fami- temporary sheltering to disaster victims after disasters and lies and more than 260 thousand guests [residing] in our 26 emergencies that are likely to happen. AFKEN is targeted to sheltering centers. Instantaneous data related to these fami- be implemented in the temporary sheltering centers to be es- lies are also accessible. In addition, the recording and moni- tablished after all kinds of disasters and emergencies that are toring of over 7,000 personnel that worked in the sheltering likely to happen. centers are also carried out through the system. AFKEN system was contracted for TRY 140,000 in 2012 to be AFKEN system received 2015 United Nations Best Public met from the general budget of our institution. Award in its region in the category of the Delivery of Public The system has been put into force in the 26 temporary Services. housing centers established in our 10 provinces for the Syrian asylum seekers that have migrated to our country following the civil war in Syria. The management of sheltering centers is carried out through AFKEN. The fact that the data of all sheltering centers are kept in a central database makes it easier for the sheltering centers to access the records about Syrian guests among one another and to reach the data related to

76 HEALTHCARE EDUCATION REFUGEE DATA SERVICES SERVICES

REPORTS

ACCOMMODATION SOCIAL SERVICES SERVICES RELIEF MATERIALS

77 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible agency AFAD • TÜBİTAK (The Scientific External and Technological POST-DISASTER IMAGE PROCESSING Stakeholders Research Council of SOFTWARE for DAMAGE ANALYSIS Turkey) Date of 01.01.2013 commencement PURPOSES Date of Continuous completion

Viskon RS is an advanced satellite image processing software, the main goal of which is carrying out fast damage assessment following disasters like earthquake, forest fire, and flood. Through satellite photographs, numerous techniques can be used to detect the damages given by disasters. Some of these techniques are: • Algorithms specific to Satellite/Air images • Solutions/modules specific to the types of disasters • Applications for the operational use of Satellite/Air images • Indigenous interface design and user friendly structure • Being an indigenous product and providing language support • Infrastructure open to improvement and updates in Turkish • Integration of latest technological/scientific studies • VİSKON-RS software has been used by AFAD since 2013. • Post-disaster image processing software for damage analysis purposes • Generating outputs for decision support systems • VHR (Very High Resolution), HR (High Resolution) Optical Im- age/Product processing modules (RASAT, Göktürk, World- View1-2, Pleiades, Quickbird, LANDSAT5-8)

78 Responsible agency AFAD • TÜBİTAK (The Scientific External and Technological CROWDSOURCING PLATFORM Stakeholders Research Council of Turkey) for IMAGERY INTELLIGENCE and Date of 01.01.2013 commencement Date of Continuous REMOTE SENSING completion

VİSKON-CS is a web based software to enable broad crowds (expert/volunteer) to carry out their analysis on the same images in cases when there is a need to make fast assessment/ analysis in broad fields. Thanks to this software developed, all kinds of analysis including search and rescue, damage analysis and image assessment may be carried out in a very short time by using satellite/air images related to very broad areas. The results to be generated will be able to be used as inputs for AFAD Decision Support Systems. In order to authenticate the search and rescue activities especially in a broad area (See The Malaysian aircraft that went missing in the ocean), a ‘Scalable Crowdsourcing Infrastructure’, which enables us to utilise the analytical skills of broad crowds, was authenticated through VİSKON-CS software. Thanks to this totally web based infrastructure, a system enabling thousands of people (experts or volunteers) to come together without the need of any specialised equipment (including mobile devices) to solve very complicated problems in a short time has been established. This system developed has an indigenous and competitive architecture. In the specialised, analysis-oriented use of VİSKON-CS platform through satellite and air images in the cases of disasters and emergencies, three basic scenarios including (A) Damage Analysis, (B) Search and Rescue, and (C) Inventory Counting are supported.

79 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible Ministry of National agency Education • Prime Ministry External • AFAD POST-EARTHQUAKE EDUCATION Stakeholders • Van Governorship Date of 06.12.2011 ACTIVITIES in VAN commencement Date of 16.12.2011 completion

In order to carry out the works to reactivate the schools that were damaged in the disaster and to prepare them to start providing education again after the earthquake tragedy in the province of Van, our Ministry has put the Disaster and Emergency Management Center in operation in coordination with Prime Ministry Disaster and Emergency Management Center and the Provincial Disaster and Emergency Management Center of Van. FOLLOWING THE EARTHQUAKE in VAN, WORKS WERE CARRIED OUT TO PREPARE THE SCHOOLS FOR EDUCATION

80 Responsible agency İstanbul Aydın Ünv. Date of 01.01.2015 commencement A NEW APPROACH for FORECASTING the Date of Continuous completion DEMANDS of BUILDINGS to MOVE PERMANENTLY in the POST-EARTHQUAKE PERIOD

Through this scientific research project conducted with joint to authenticate the interaction between permanent relocation participation of İstanbul Aydın University Department of Civil and damage limits through experimental results, and to de- Engineering and AFAM (Disaster and Emergency Directorate) cide on the operability of the building by considering the per- units, it is targeted to develop a methodology for assessing manent relocation value to be measured after the earthquake. the current buildings in a fast way in the post-earthquake pe- The methodology can be used both for predicting what kind riod. In the study, the first phase of which has been completed, of buildings in which regions can be damaged more severely the effort was to develop an approach and a methodology to afer an earthquake, and for rapidly identifying the structural allow the easy detection of relocation that is likely to happen in damage status based on the information to be received from a structure under seismic records representing close and dis- simple relocation meters to be placed in current buildings. tant fault effects. Through these efforts, it is thought that it will It is expected that this approach will help carry out damage be possible to carry out damage assessment process after the assessment in a fast way after the earthquake and will make earthquake in a fast way and to decide on if the building will easier the decision process about the status of operability of continue its function in its current status or if there is a need the building after the earthquake. to reinforce or reconstruct it. In the second phase of the study which will be supported with experimental damage observations, it is targeted that analytical predictions will be evaluated with experimental observations and that the methodology will become competent for various types of buildings. The common practice for examining a current building after the earthquake is making the decisions by assessing the observations about the damages created by the earthquake on the building. The first phase of this two-phase study is to forecast the building’s response to relocation after the earthquake by taking into account the parameters related to the earthquake and the building. In the second phase of the study, the aim is

81 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible agency Red Crescent External • UNICEF CHILD PROTECTION PROJECT Stakeholders Date of 22.05.2013 in the CONTEXT of EMERGENCY commencement Date of 30.04.2016 RESPONSE to the SYRIA CRISIS completion

‘Support to Syrian Children in Turkey Project’ was commenced in the framework of the cooperation agreement signed between The United Nations Children's Fund and Turkish Red Crescent in May 2013 and then it was renamed as ‘Resilience of Syrian Children under Temporary Protection in Turkey Project’ in May 2015. The project activities have been going on actively in a total of 24 Child Friendly Spaces (CFS) including ‘22 Camps’ and ‘Two Community Centers’. Six more Child Friendly Spaces are planned to be put into practice in accordance with the following bre- akdown: two new camps as of September 2015; two CFSs, one more at each of the two Community Centers that are planned to be opened until the end of 2015; and two ‘Mobile Child Friendly Spaces’. It can be said that the project has been put into practice in all sheltering centers accommodating the Syrian target group; has reached almost all children aged between 4-18 in these centers; and has become a model practice for national and international platforms with its activities that have been going on uninterruptedly since May 2013. The project gains for the implementing institution can be listed as follows: It has gained experience in working with children under trauma (war, migration, and their effects on children); Youth Workers who carried out the activities increased their personal and vocational skills; corporate capacity related to the field increased; it acted as the leader in the field through the activities it conducted and enabled exchange of experiences; and it pioneered the expansion of Youth Workers literature. • Number of Children's Events Completed: 434,058 • Number of Children Who Attended the Events 93,986 • Number of Young Leaders (Volunteers): 1,162

82 83 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT Responsible Deniz Feneri Social agency Cooperation and Solidarity Association Date of 01.01.2015 commencement Date of Continuous DENİZ FENERİ DISASTER HOUSES completion

They provide sheltering for the disaster victims in a very The disasters after which these houses were utilised: short time as an alternative to tents at times of disasters. They • Flood disaster in Ceylanpınar, Şanlıurfa are comprised of a single 13 m2 room with a capacity of accommodating four to six people after the disaster. They can • Fire in Gülnar, Mersin be built in a way to form a neighborhood. Toilets and showers • War on Gaza, Palestine are for common use. They were designed and implemented as 500 units. The total budget is $1,500,000 with a unit cost of • Earthquake in Kovancılar , Elazığ $3,000. The source of the budget is based on donations. • Earthquake in Simav, Kütahya • It is the first practice in Turkey in disaster concept. • Earthquake in Erciş, Van • It is easy to assemble. It is delivered in 10 disassembled • Syrian refugees in Central Kilis pieces. • Syrian refugees in Idlib, Syria • Four people can assemble it in an hour. It is easy to transport. A semi-trailer truck carry 12units. • Syrian refugees in Turkmen Mount, Syria • Sandwich panel. It provides protection against heat and cold. • Doors, windows, and electrical installations are applicable. • It can be built on every kind of ground with its fixtures that help moving it up from the ground. • When needed, it can be disassembled and transported to somewhere else.

84 Responsible Cansuyu Solidarity agency Association External • Al-Khidmat Foundation Stakeholders Pakistan Date of 01.01.2006 commencement RAWALPINDI Date of 31.12.2007 completion REHABILITATION CENTER

• The aim was to reintroduce the people, who lost their or- gans in the earthquake that happened in Pakistan in 2005, to the society. Some 150 people had received treatment assistance and approximately $100,000 were spent. • It was deemed important to raise the morale of people who became disabled in the earthquake and their families, and to ensure that they are reintroduced to economic activities.

85 TURKEY'S BEST PRACTICES IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT

PROJECT TEAM

Members of Project Team M. Serdar ERBAŞ Head of Strategy Development Department Cemile ÖZTÜRK AKCA, Ph.D Strategy Development Department, AFAD Hakan BENLİ Strategy Development Department, AFAD Harun YILDIZ Strategy Development Department, AFAD Kubilay ÖZYURT Press and Public Information Office, AFAD Aliye DUMAN Press and Public Information Office, AFAD Ramazan SEVİNÇ Press and Public Information Office, AFAD

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