DOCSLIB.ORG

Nickel-Superoxiddismutasen Von Schwermetallresistenten Streptomyceten

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nickel-Superoxiddismutasen Von Schwermetallresistenten Streptomyceten Nickel-Superoxiddismutasen von schwermetallresistenten Streptomyceten Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) vorgelegt dem Rat der Biologisch-Pharmazeutischen Fakultät der Friedrich-Schiller- Universität Jena von Dipl. Biol. Astrid Schmidt geboren am 8. Juli 1977 in Suhl/ Thüringen Datum der Verteidigung: 28.03.2011 Gutachter: 1. Prof. Dr. Erika Kothe 2. Prof. Dr. Gabriele Diekert 3. Prof. Dr. ames Weston Inhalt Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung 3 1.1 Streptomyceten: Lebensweise und Vorkommen 3 1.2 Superoxid- ismutasen 4 1.3 Eisen-Zink-Superoxid- ismutase 6 1.4 Nickel-Superoxid- ismutase 7 1.5 Regulation der Superoxid- ismutasen-Synthese 8 1.6 Nickel und NiSO -,ro-essierung 11 1.7 Ziel der .rbeit 13 2. bersicht zu den Manuskripten 14 3. Manuskripte 17 3.1 Superoxide dismutases of hea0y metal resistant Streptomycetes 17 3.2 1ea0y metal resistance in actinobacteria of the former uranium mining area near 18 Ronneburg 3.3 1ea0y metal resistance to the extreme: Streptomyces strains from a former 12 uranium mining area 3.4 In silico analysis of nickel containing superoxide dismutase e0olution and 20 regulation 3.5 Screening for potential metallothioneins and metallohistins in actinobacteria 21 3.6 Streptomycete hea0y metal resistance: Extracellular and intracellular mechanisms 22 4. Diskussion 23 4.1 Schwermetallresisten- 23 4.2 Rolle der E13-SO in schwermetallhaltiger 4mgebung 24 4.3 Regulation der SO -5enexpression 25 4.4 Identifi-ierung neuer regulatorischer Elemente 27 4.5 Vorkommen 0erschiedener SO kodierender 5ene 22 4.6 Verbreitung und E0olution sodN 31 4.7 Struktur der NiSO 33 4.8 NiSO -asso-iierte ,roteine 35 4.8.1 ,eptidase Sod6 35 4.8.2 Trans-to-cis-Isomerase 36 4.8.3 Nickelbindeproteine 36 4.8.4 1ochaffine Nickeltransporter 37 4.8.5 .rtspe-ifische ,roteine 38 1 Inhalt 5. Zusammenfassung, .bstract 40 6. Literatur0er-eichnis 42 7. .bk9r-ungs0er-eichnis 55 8. Ver-eichnis der .bbildungen und Tabellen 56 2. Eigenst:ndigkeitserkl:rung 57 10. Tabellarischer Lebenslauf 58 11. anksagung 60 2 Einleitung 1. Einleitung 1.1 Streptomyceten: Lebensweise und Vorkommen Streptomyceten sind Gram positive filamentöse Actinobakterien, deren vegetatives Myzel während der Koloniebildung morphologischer Differenzierung unterliegt (Jakimowicz, 2007, Claessen et al., 2006). In einem komplex regulierten Zellzyklus multizellulärer Art wird unter ungünstigen Wachstumsbedingungen einschließlich extrazellulärer Botenstoffe die Ausbildung von Luftmyzel und die Septierung in Sporenketten ausgelöst. Um sich dafür aus der Oberflächenspannung des Wachstumsmediums zu lösen, werden hydrophobe Proteine ausgeschieden (Flärdh und Buttner, 2009). Eine weitere wichtige Rolle spielen Zellwand- Hydrolasen, die im Vergleic zu anderen weniger polyformen Prokaryoten in gro1er .a l kodiert sind (f/r S. coelicolor 56, Haiser et al. 2008). Geosmin und Met ylisoborneol wird von Actinobakterien, Cyanobakterien und My-obakterien abgegeben, diese Gruppen zeigen neben morp ologisc er Differenzierung auc die 2ildung multizellulrer Komple-e (Komatsu et al., 2008). Die 7unktion dieser volatilen terpenoiden Metabolite ist unbekannt, weist aber auf interzellulre Kommunikation in. einzelne Spore Auskeimung Sporenbildung vegetatives Hyp enwac stum Substratmyzel Ausbildung von Septen im 3uftmyzel Ausbildung von 3uftmyzel Abb. 1: 3ebenszyklus der Streptomyceten (nac $akimowicz et al., 2007) 3 Einleitung Die bodenbewo nenden 2akterien kommen sowo l terrestrisc wie auc marin vor. Aerrestrisc werden Streptomyceten in der R izosp re gefunden, in n rstoffarmen 2den /berdauern sie als Sporen. ,m 3ake Mikata (7ukui, $apan) kommt es saisonal zur 2l/te des to-isc en Cyanobakteriums Microcystis (Bos ida et al., 2005). Der dort aus dem Seeboden isolierte Streptomyces grisovariabilis CA0401 in ibiert selektiv das 0ac stum von Microcystis (Hua et al. 2008). Streptomyces sp. strain Pol001(A) wurde aus dem im Mittelmeer lebenden Sc wamm A-inella polypoides isoliert (Pimentel-Elardo et al., 2008). Andere marine Stmme leben in der R izosp re der Mangrovenwlder (Eiao et al., 2008). Aus der Aiefsee wurden ebenfalls Streptomyceten isoliert, wobei angenommen wird, dass diese Organismen durc terrestrisc e Abrutsc ungen ins Meer gelangten und sic dort an Druck und andere 2edingungen der Aiefsee (in 300-10800m Aiefe) angepasst aben (ColGu oun, 1888). , re Anpassungsf igkeit und Vielfltigkeit ist unter anderem auf den 2esitz von Plasmiden zur/ckzuf/ ren, die zwisc en versc iedenen Stmmen ausgetausc t werden knnen ( orizontaler Aransfer). Auc die Resistenz vieler Streptomyceten gegen/ber Sc wermetallen ist, soweit bis er untersuc t, ufig plasmidkodiert. Me r als 7000 versc iedene Sekundrmetabolite wurden in Streptomyceten bereits gefunden (C ater et al., 2010). Ceben der Aussc eidung substratbindender Proteine und ydrolytisc er Enzyme zum Abbau von C itin und Cellulose, ste en sie in besonderem 7okus bei der Suc e nac weiteren Antibiotika. Amp ipat isc e Proteine f/r die An eftungsf igkeit der Hyp en, Geosmin und Met ylisoborneol und versc iedene Siderop ortypen (Eisenassimilation) werden von den meisten Streptomyceten ausgesc ieden. , re Omnipotenz und die gro1e .a l e-kretierter Sekundrmetabolite beeinflusst i re gesamte benac barte Mikroflora. Ceuere Studien geben Hinweise auf eine atmosp risc e 2eeinflussung durc die Aufna me des indirekt als Areib ausgas wirkenden 0asserstoffmolek/ls. Constant et al. (2008) isolierten einen bodenbewo nenden Streptomyces sp. PC27, der eine o e Affinitt f/r H2 aufweist. Der nickelab ngige Anstieg der H2-Aufna me weist mglic erweise auf die 2eteiligung einer Ci7e-Hydrogenase an dem noc unbekannten Mec anismus in. 1.2 Superoxid-Dismutasen Sauerstoff ist zum einen f/r aerobe Organismen lebensnotwendig, zum anderen knnen durc seine starke O-idationsbereitsc aft leic t oc reaktive Sauerstoffspezies entste en, die wiederum versc iedene .ellbestandteile o-idieren und damit sc digen knnen. Vor - allem Pero-ide (wie H2O2), das Supero-idanion (O2 ) und das am strksten to-isc e Hydro-ylradikal (OH.) spielen dabei eine Rolle. Aerobe Organismen aben dagegen versc iedenste Abwe rmec anismen entwickelt. Ceben der Pigmentierung (z.2. Carotenoide) gibt es me rere Enzyme (Katalasen, Pero-idasen, Supero-id-Dismutasen), die diese 4 Einleitung Sauerstoffarten deto-ifizieren knnen (Madigan et al., 2000). Supero-id-Dismutasen sind strukturell und funktionell verwandte Enzyme, die katalytisc Sauerstoffradikale eliminieren. Sie sind Sc l/sselenzyme zum Sc utz der .ellen vor Sauerstoff-Stress und essentiell f/r aerobe Organismen. Der Came des Enzyms deutet darauf in, das ein Supero-idanion - H o-idiert, das andere gleic zeitig reduziert wird: 2 O2 H 2 H H2O2 H O2. 0asserstoffpero-id wird ansc lie1end durc Katalasen bzw. Pero-idasen eliminiert (7ridovic , 1885). 4ntersc iede weisen die Supero-id-Dismutasen in der 2esetzung i rer Metall-Cofaktoren auf. Ceben Kupfer, Eisen und Mangan wurde Cickel als Cofaktor f/r Supero-id-Dismutasen gefunden (Boun et al., 1886a). An and i rer Eigensc aften werden diese Enzyme in drei Gruppen unterteilt. Die Cu.nSOD ist vor allem im Cytosol der Eukaryoten zu finden. 7/r Prokaryoten wurde das erste Enzym bei P otobacterium leiognat i gefunden, wobei zunc st angenommen wurde, dass das Gen aus dem eukaryotisc en 0irt (Ponyfisc ) stammt (Dunlap und Steinman, 1886). Aber auc frei lebende Prokaryoten besitzen Cu.nSODI periplasmatisc aktiv in gramnegativen Proteobakterien, wie Esc eric ia coli (,mlay und ,mlay, 1886) und R odobacter sp aeroides (K o et al., 2004). Cu.nSOD vom gleic en Ayp werden auc in einigen Cyanobakterien (Synec ococcus CC8311, Dupont et al., 2008b) und me reren Actinobakterien (sodC, Mycobacterium sp., R odococcus sp., Cocardia sp. und Corynebacterium sp.) gefunden, wobei die 3okalisierung dieser SOD in den .ellen noc unklar ist (deklariert als JperiplasmaticK), eventuell knnten sie bei Cyanobakterien in den A ylakoiden wirken. MnSOD und 7eSOD werden aufgrund i rer L nlic keit in einer Gruppe zusammengefasst. Sie finden sic im Cytosol fast aller Prokaryoten, beide knnen auc gemeinsam in einer .elle auftreten. MnSOD kommt /berdies auc in den Mitoc ondrien eukaryotisc er .ellen vor, was durc die Endosymbiontent eorie erklrt wird. Homologien in der AminosureseGuenz deuten auf einen gemeinsamen evolutionren 4rsprung der Mn- und 7eSOD. Die 7e.nSOD der Streptomyceten ist ebenfalls dieser Gruppe zuzuordnen. 7e.nSOD wurden ebenfalls in Met anobacterium bryantii, A ermoplasma acidop ilum und Cocardia asteroides (ent lt 7eMn.nSOD) gefunden. Priya et al. (2007) konnten strukturelle 4ntersc iede zwisc en cyanobakteriellen MnSOD und 7eSOD in der Cofaktorbindung zeigen. Die CiSOD wird aufgrund i rer Differenzen zu anderen SOD-Aypen als eigene Gruppe gese en. Sie wurde in Streptomyceten erstmalig besc rieben (Kim et al., 1886, 1888b) und ist inzwisc en auc f/r andere Organismengruppen bekannt. ,m Allgemeinen liegt die Gr1e der 4nterein eiten bakterieller Supero-id-Dismutasen zwisc en 18-22 kDa, die meist zu Dimeren und seltener zu Aetrameren zusammengesetzt 5 Einleitung sind. 0eitge end unklar ist noc die Spezifitt bei me reren ,soenzymen in einer .elle. So at man f/r E. coli die Abwe r von Supero-idradikalen intrazellulrer bzw. e-terner Herkunft i rer 3okalitt entsprec end den cytoplasmatisc en 7eSOD und MnSOD bzw. der peri- plasmatisc en Cu.nSOD zuordnen knnen. Desweiteren soll die MnSOD effektiver in der Vermeidung vor DCA-Sc den und die 7eSOD wic tiger bei aerobem 0ac stum sein (Kim et al., 1888b). Einige
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Genomic and Phylogenomic Insights Into the Family Streptomycetaceae Lead to Proposal of Charcoactinosporaceae Fam. Nov. and 8 No
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.08.193797; this version posted July 8, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Genomic and phylogenomic insights into the family Streptomycetaceae 2 lead to proposal of Charcoactinosporaceae fam. nov. and 8 novel genera 3 with emended descriptions of Streptomyces calvus 4 Munusamy Madhaiyan1, †, * Venkatakrishnan Sivaraj Saravanan2, † Wah-Seng See-Too3, † 5 1Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, 6 Singapore 117604; 2Department of Microbiology, Indira Gandhi College of Arts and Science, 7 Kathirkamam 605009, Pondicherry, India; 3Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, 8 Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 9 Malaysia 10 *Corresponding author: Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National 11 University of Singapore, Singapore 117604; E-mail: [email protected] 12 †All these authors have contributed equally to this work 13 Abstract 14 Streptomycetaceae is one of the oldest families within phylum Actinobacteria and it is large and 15 diverse in terms of number of described taxa. The members of the family are known for their 16 ability to produce medically important secondary metabolites and antibiotics. In this study, 17 strains showing low 16S rRNA gene similarity (<97.3 %) with other members of 18 Streptomycetaceae were identified and subjected to phylogenomic analysis using 33 orthologous 19 gene clusters (OGC) for accurate taxonomic reassignment resulted in identification of eight 20 distinct and deeply branching clades, further average amino acid identity (AAI) analysis showed 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.08.193797; this version posted July 8, 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Bioinformatic Analysis of Streptomyces to Enable Improved Drug Discovery
    University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Master's Theses and Capstones Student Scholarship Spring 2019 BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSIS OF STREPTOMYCES TO ENABLE IMPROVED DRUG DISCOVERY Kaitlyn Christina Belknap University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis Recommended Citation Belknap, Kaitlyn Christina, "BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSIS OF STREPTOMYCES TO ENABLE IMPROVED DRUG DISCOVERY" (2019). Master's Theses and Capstones. 1268. https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/1268 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses and Capstones by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSIS OF STREPTOMYCES TO ENABLE IMPROVED DRUG DISCOVERY BY KAITLYN C. BELKNAP B.S Medical Microbiology, University of New Hampshire, 2017 THESIS Submitted to the University of New Hampshire in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Genetics May, 2019 ii BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSIS OF STREPTOMYCES TO ENABLE IMPROVED DRUG DISCOVERY BY KAITLYN BELKNAP This thesis was examined and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Genetics by: Thesis Director, Brian Barth, Assistant Professor of Pharmacology Co-Thesis Director, Cheryl Andam, Assistant Professor of Microbial Ecology Krisztina Varga, Assistant Professor of Biochemistry Colin McGill, Associate Professor of Chemistry (University of Alaska Anchorage) On February 8th, 2019 Approval signatures are on file with the University of New Hampshire Graduate School.
    [Show full text]
  • INVESTIGATING the ACTINOMYCETE DIVERSITY INSIDE the HINDGUT of an INDIGENOUS TERMITE, Microhodotermes Viator
    INVESTIGATING THE ACTINOMYCETE DIVERSITY INSIDE THE HINDGUT OF AN INDIGENOUS TERMITE, Microhodotermes viator by Jeffrey Rohland Thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa. April 2010 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly and most importantly, I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr Paul Meyers. I have been in his lab since my Honours year, and he has always been a constant source of guidance, help and encouragement during all my years at UCT. His serious discussion of project related matters and also his lighter side and sense of humour have made the work that I have done a growing and learning experience, but also one that has been really enjoyable. I look up to him as a role model and mentor and acknowledge his contribution to making me the best possible researcher that I can be. Thank-you to all the members of Lab 202, past and present (especially to Gareth Everest – who was with me from the start), for all their help and advice and for making the lab a home away from home and generally a great place to work. I would also like to thank Di James and Bruna Galvão for all their help with the vast quantities of sequencing done during this project, and Dr Bronwyn Kirby for her help with the statistical analyses. Also, I must acknowledge Miranda Waldron and Mohammed Jaffer of the Electron Microsope Unit at the University of Cape Town for their help with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy related matters, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematic Research on Actinomycetes Selected According
    Systematic Research on Actinomycetes Selected according to Biological Activities Dissertation Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Doctor (Ph.D.) degree of the Math.-Nat. Fakultät of the Christian-Albrechts-Universität in Kiel By MSci. - Biol. Yi Jiang Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften, IFM-GEOMAR, Marine Mikrobiologie, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany Supervised by Prof. Dr. Johannes F. Imhoff Kiel 2009 Referent: Prof. Dr. Johannes F. Imhoff Korreferent: ______________________ Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: Kiel, ____________ Zum Druck genehmigt: Kiel, _____________ Summary Content Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 Habitats, Isolation and Identification 24 Chapter 3 Streptomyces hainanensis sp. nov., a new member of the genus Streptomyces 38 Chapter 4 Actinomycetospora chiangmaiensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Pseudonocardiaceae 52 Chapter 5 A new member of the family Micromonosporaceae, Planosporangium flavogriseum gen nov., sp. nov. 67 Chapter 6 Promicromonospora flava sp. nov., isolated from sediment of the Baltic Sea 87 Chapter 7 Discussion 99 Appendix a Resume, Publication list and Patent 115 Appendix b Medium list 122 Appendix c Abbreviations 126 Appendix d Poster (2007 VAAM, Germany) 127 Appendix e List of research strains 128 Acknowledgements 134 Erklärung 136 Summary Actinomycetes (Actinobacteria) are the group of bacteria producing most of the bioactive metabolites. Approx. 100 out of 150 antibiotics used in human therapy and agriculture are produced by actinomycetes. Finding novel leader compounds from actinomycetes is still one of the promising approaches to develop new pharmaceuticals. The aim of this study was to find new species and genera of actinomycetes as the basis for the discovery of new leader compounds for pharmaceuticals.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Streptomyces Species Causing Common Scab Disease in Newfoundland Agriculture Research Initiative Project
    Dawn Bignell Memorial University [email protected] Characterization of Streptomyces species causing common scab disease in Newfoundland Agriculture Research Initiative Project #ARI-1314-005 FINAL REPORT Submitted by Dr. Dawn R. D. Bignell March 31, 2014 Page 1 of 34 Dawn Bignell Memorial University [email protected] Executive Summary Potato common scab is an important disease in Newfoundland and Labrador and is characterized by the presence of unsightly lesions on the potato tuber surface. Such lesions reduce the quality and market value of both fresh market and seed potatoes and lead to significant economic losses to potato growers. Currently, there are no control strategies available to farmers that can consistently and effectively manage scab disease. Common scab is caused by different Streptomyces bacteria that are naturally present in the soil. Most of these organisms are known to produce a plant toxin called thaxtomin A, which contributes to disease development. Among the new scab control strategies that are currently being proposed are those aimed at reducing or eliminating the production of thaxtomin A by these bacteria in soils. However, such strategies require a thorough knowledge of the types of pathogenic Streptomyces bacteria that are prevalent in the soil and whether such pathogens have the ability to produce this toxic metabolite. Currently, no such information exists for the scab-causing pathogens that are present in the soils of Newfoundland. This project entitled “Characterization of Streptomyces species causing common scab disease in Newfoundland” is the first study that provides information on the types of pathogenic Streptomyces species that are present in the province and the virulence factors that are used by these microbes to induce the scab disease symptoms.
    [Show full text]
  • Streptomyces Hokutonensis Sp. Nov., a Novel Actinomycete Isolated from the Strawberry Root Rhizosphere
    The Journal of Antibiotics (2014) 67, 465–470 & 2014 Japan Antibiotics Research Association All rights reserved 0021-8820/14 www.nature.com/ja ORIGINAL ARTICLE Streptomyces hokutonensis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from the strawberry root rhizosphere Hideki Yamamura1, Haruna Ashizawa1, Moriyuki Hamada2, Akira Hosoyama2, Hisayuki Komaki2, Misa Otoguro2, Tomohiko Tamura2, Yukikazu Hayashi1, Youji Nakagawa1, Takashi Ohtsuki1, Nobuyuki Fujita2, Sadaharu Ui1 and Masayuki Hayakawa1 A polyphasic approach was used to determine the taxonomic position of actinomycete strain R1-NS-10T, which was isolated from a sample of strawberry root rhizosphere obtained from Hokuto, Yamanashi, Japan. Strain R1-NS-10T was Gram-staining-positive and aerobic, and formed brownish-white aerial mycelia and grayish-brown substrate mycelia on ISP-2 medium. The strain grew in the presence of 0–5% (w/v) NaCl and optimally grew without NaCl. The strain grew at pH 5–8, and the optimum for growth was pH 7. The optimal growth temperature was 30 1C, but the strain grew at 5–37 1C. Whole-cell T hydrolysates of strain R1-NS-10 contained A2pm, galactose, mannose and rhamnose. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8). The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain R1-NS-10T was most closely related to Streptomyces prunicolor NBRC 13075T (99.4%). The draft genome sequences of both strains were determined for characterization of genome sequence-related parameters such as average nucleotide identity (ANI) and the diversity of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation and Characterization of Endophytic Actinomycetes from Mangrove Plant for Antimicrobial Activity
    Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2013) 2(11): 78-89 ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 2 Number 11 (2013) pp. 78-89 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Isolation and characterization of Endophytic Actinomycetes from mangrove plant for antimicrobial activity P.Gayathri* and V. Muralikrishnan Department of Microbiology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamilnadu, India *Corresponding author: A B S T R A C T Endophytes are Microbes that colonize living, internal tissues of plants without carrying any immediate over negative effects. In this present investigation the endophytic actinomycetes were isolated from root, stem and leaf of two species of mangrove K e y w o r d s such as, Rhizopora apiculata and Avicennia marina for their antimicrobial activity. Totally 6 endophytic actinomycetes were obtained from all the samples. Population Endophytes; enumeration, phenotypic characters like substrate mycelium, aerial mycelium, Actinomycetes; aerial mass colour, reverse side pigment, melanoid pigment, spore chain Mangrove; morphology, salt tolerance on growth, growth on different pH, effect of different Antimicrobial temperature on growth, Biochemical characteristics, assimilation of different activity; carbon sources, nitrogen sources and enzymatic activity were studied. For Streptomyces antimicrobial activity 7 bacterial pathogens and 4 fungal pathogens were used. Up coelicolor. on the 6 isolate 1 endophytic actinomycetes isolate (MAR1) shows good activity against all the isolates. Based on the above characteristics the potential isolate MAR1 is identified as Streptomyces sp. and species may be Streptomyces coelicolor. Introduction Endophytes are Microbes that colonize ecological and economic significance living, internal tissues of plants without (Kathiresan, 2000). However, mangroves carrying any immediate over negative exist under condition of high salinity, effects" an inclusive and widely accepted extreme tides, strong winds, high definition of endophytes by Bacon and white temperature and muddy, anaerobic soils, (2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of the Phylum
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 22 August 2018 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02007 Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of the Phylum Actinobacteria Imen Nouioui 1†, Lorena Carro 1†, Marina García-López 2†, Jan P. Meier-Kolthoff 2, Tanja Woyke 3, Nikos C. Kyrpides 3, Rüdiger Pukall 2, Hans-Peter Klenk 1, Michael Goodfellow 1 and Markus Göker 2* 1 School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom, 2 Department Edited by: of Microorganisms, Leibniz Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Martin G. Klotz, Germany, 3 Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States Washington State University Tri-Cities, United States The application of phylogenetic taxonomic procedures led to improvements in the Reviewed by: Nicola Segata, classification of bacteria assigned to the phylum Actinobacteria but even so there remains University of Trento, Italy a need to further clarify relationships within a taxon that encompasses organisms of Antonio Ventosa, agricultural, biotechnological, clinical, and ecological importance. Classification of the Universidad de Sevilla, Spain David Moreira, morphologically diverse bacteria belonging to this large phylum based on a limited Centre National de la Recherche number of features has proved to be difficult, not least when taxonomic decisions Scientifique (CNRS), France rested heavily on interpretation of poorly resolved 16S rRNA gene trees. Here, draft *Correspondence: Markus Göker genome sequences
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Growth-Promoting Actinobacteria: a New Strategy for Enhancing Sustainable Production and Protection of Grain Legumes
    3 Biotech (2017) 7:102 DOI 10.1007/s13205-017-0736-3 REVIEW ARTICLE Plant growth-promoting actinobacteria: a new strategy for enhancing sustainable production and protection of grain legumes 1 1 1 Arumugam Sathya • Rajendran Vijayabharathi • Subramaniam Gopalakrishnan Received: 2 November 2016 / Accepted: 19 April 2017 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017 Abstract Grain legumes are a cost-effective alternative for Introduction the animal protein in improving the diets of the poor in South-East Asia and Africa. Legumes, through symbiotic Grain legumes also called ‘Poor man’s meat’ are an nitrogen fixation, meet a major part of their own N demand essential entity in food and feed due to its protein, minerals, and partially benefit the following crops of the system by and other bioactive molecules. Increasing nutritional enriching soil. In realization of this sustainability advan- awareness increased the per-capita consumption of grain tage and to promote pulse production, United Nations had legumes across the world (Amarowicz and Pegg 2008). declared 2016 as the ‘‘International Year of pulses’’. Grain The symbiotic association of leguminous crops with rhi- legumes are frequently subjected to both abiotic and biotic zobia contributes 65% of nitrogen (N) needs. Their better stresses resulting in severe yield losses. Global yields of adaptation as an inter-crop with cereals or tuber crops helps legumes have been stagnant for the past five decades in in increased income generation and livelihood resilience of spite of adopting various conventional and molecular small holder farmers. However, production level of such breeding approaches. Furthermore, the increasing costs and leguminous crops has constraints in various forms such as negative effects of pesticides and fertilizers for crop pro- pest and pathogen attacks, infertile soils, and climate duction necessitate the use of biological options of crop changes.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Study of the Species Within the Family Streptomycetaceae
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek DOI 10.1007/s10482-011-9656-0 ORIGINAL PAPER Phylogenetic study of the species within the family Streptomycetaceae D. P. Labeda • M. Goodfellow • R. Brown • A. C. Ward • B. Lanoot • M. Vanncanneyt • J. Swings • S.-B. Kim • Z. Liu • J. Chun • T. Tamura • A. Oguchi • T. Kikuchi • H. Kikuchi • T. Nishii • K. Tsuji • Y. Yamaguchi • A. Tase • M. Takahashi • T. Sakane • K. I. Suzuki • K. Hatano Received: 7 September 2011 / Accepted: 7 October 2011 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. (outside the USA) 2011 Abstract Species of the genus Streptomyces, which any other microbial genus, resulting from academic constitute the vast majority of taxa within the family and industrial activities. The methods used for char- Streptomycetaceae, are a predominant component of acterization have evolved through several phases over the microbial population in soils throughout the world the years from those based largely on morphological and have been the subject of extensive isolation and observations, to subsequent classifications based on screening efforts over the years because they are a numerical taxonomic analyses of standardized sets of major source of commercially and medically impor- phenotypic characters and, most recently, to the use of tant secondary metabolites. Taxonomic characteriza- molecular phylogenetic analyses of gene sequences. tion of Streptomyces strains has been a challenge due The present phylogenetic study examines almost all to the large number of described species, greater than described species (615 taxa) within the family Strep- tomycetaceae based on 16S rRNA gene sequences Electronic supplementary material The online version and illustrates the species diversity within this family, of this article (doi:10.1007/s10482-011-9656-0) contains which is observed to contain 130 statistically supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
    [Show full text]
  • Population Dynamics and Metabolic Potential of a Pilot-Scale Microbial Community
    Population dynamics and metabolic potential of a pilot-scale microbial community performing enhanced biological phosphorus removal by CHRISTOPHER EVAN LAWSON B.A.Sc. (Civil Engineering), University of British Columbia, 2010 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF APPLIED SCIENCE in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES (Civil Engineering) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) September 2014 © Christopher Evan Lawson, 2014 Abstract Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is an environmental biotechnology of global importance, essential for protecting receiving waters from eutrophication and enabling phosphorus recovery. Current understanding of EBPR is largely based on empirical evidence and black-box models that fail to appreciate the driving force responsible for nutrient cycling and ultimate phosphorus removal, namely microbial communities. Accordingly, this thesis focused on understanding the microbial ecology of a pilot-scale microbial community performing EBPR to better link bioreactor processes to underlying microbial agents. Initially, temporal changes in microbial community structure and activity were monitored in a pilot-scale EBPR treatment plant by examining the ratio of small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) to SSU rRNA gene over a 120-day study period. Although the majority of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the EBPR ecosystem were rare, many maintained high potential activities, suggesting that rare OTUs made significant contributions to protein synthesis potential. Few significant differences in OTU abundance and activity were observed between bioreactor redox zones, although differences in temporal activity were observed among phylogenetically cohesive OTUs. Moreover, observed temporal activity patterns could not be explained by measured process parameters, suggesting that alternate ecological forces shaped community interactions in the bioreactor milieu.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences
    ISSN: 0975-8585 Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences Metabolic Profiling of Streptomyces Strains from Different Types of Tatarstan Soils Using GEN III OmniLog System. Keremli A Saparmyradov*, Chulun Bolormaa, Ibragimov A Nabiullovich, Kashinskaya D Victorovna, Tuhbatova R Ilgizovna, and Farida K Alimova. Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology. ABSTRACT Isolation and evaluation of the ability of various actinomycetes to produce bioactive secondary metabolites is a long-term and expensive procedure. Many species of actinomycetes have similar morphological characteristics, therefore phenotyping of these microorganisms requires methods of metabolic profiling to be applied. Analysis of metabolic pathways can help in both the taxonomic identification of a microorganism and the assessment of its ability to produce a variety of secondary metabolites. In this paper, we first carried out metabolic profiling of Streptomyces isolates from different types of Tatarstan soils using GEN III OmniLog system. We also performed a phylogenetic analysis of strains. We assigned strains to the genus Streptomyces, and identified species such as Streptomyces fimicarius, Streptomyces badius, Streptomyces mirabilis and Streptomyces violaceoruber. We have shown that the system GEN III OmniLog® II Combo Plus is a powerful tool to get an overview of the active metabolic pathways of actinomycetes and can be used for high-performance analysis. It can also provide useful information to clarify the phylogenetic position of a microorganism. We can use both the profiles of substrate utilization, growth, secondary metabolites, and anti-microbial profiles, obtained by using the GEN III OmniLog® II Combo Plus system, in the microbial drug development programs.
    [Show full text]