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Design of MIMO Antenna for Future 5G Communication Systems تصميم

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Design of MIMO Antenna for Future 5G Communication Systems تصميم الجـامعـــــــــة اﻹســـــﻻميــة بغــــــزة The Islamic University of Gaza عمادة البحث العلمي والدراسات العليا Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies كـــلـــيــــــــــــة الـــهـــنـــــدســـــــة Faculty of Engineering Master of Electrical Engineering ماجستيــر الهنــدســـة الكهـــربائيـــة Design of MIMO Antenna for Future 5G Communication Systems تصميم هوائي متعدد المداخل ومتعدد المخارج ﻷنظمة اتصاﻻت الجيل الخامس By Tareq H. Elhabbash Supervised by Dr. Talal F. Skaik Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Electrical Engineering April/2019 إقــــــــــــــرار أنا الموقع أدناه مقدم الرسالة التي تحمل العنوان: Design of MIMO Antenna for Future 5G Communication Systems تصميم هوائي متعدد المداخل ومتعدد المخارج ﻷنظمة اتصاﻻت الجيل الخامس أقر بأن ما اشتملت عليه هذه الرسالة إنما هو نتاج جهدي الخاص، باستثناء ما تمت اﻹشارة إليه حيثما ورد، وأن هذه الرسالة ككل أو أي جزء منها لم يقدم من قبل اﻻخرين لنيل درجة أو لقب علمي أو بحثي لدى أي مؤسسة تعليمية أو بحثية أخرى. Declaration I understand the nature of plagiarism, and I am aware of the University’s policy on this. The work provided in this thesis, unless otherwise referenced, is the researcher's own work, and has not been submitted by others elsewhere for any other degree or qualification. طارق حسين الهباش :Student's name اسم الطالب: Signature: التوقيع: Tareq Date: التاريخ: 1/3/2019 I Abstract 5G communication system is considered as a revolution in the wireless communication market where a very high bandwidth is required for modern smart phones. This fast revolution drives researchers for developing the communication technology whether in software or hardware fields. Also, antenna design is considered as a basic field which needs a continuous developing for serving 5G wireless communication systems. The main goal of this thesis is designing a dual band, multiple-input multiple-output MIMO microstrip antenna for serving the 5G communication systems by achieving all the important features of the recent wireless communication systems. The proposed antenna is designed to operate at dual high frequencies (mm-waves) which are 28GHz and 38GHz. The 5G main features are also satisfied in the proposed design dual polarization, high bandwidth (>1 GHz) and high realized gain (>12 dBi). For enhancing the directivity and the realized gain of the antenna design, an antenna array is proposed where a two-element antenna array design and four-element antenna array design are built. The four-element array design has to achieve a high gain and high bandwidth at both bands of operation. Beam steering capability is achieved by inserting a phase shifter (transmission line) into the four element design. This modification added the ability for tilting the main radiation pattern to particular direction at the both resonant frequencies. The four element antennas (with and without the phase shifter) are used in a MIMO configurations for 5G handsets and base station with an octagonal structure. III ملخص الدراسة تعتبر أنظمة اتصاﻻت الجيل الخامس ثورة في مجال سوق اﻻتصاﻻت الﻻسلكية، حيث أن اﻷجهزة الذكية تحتاج إلى نطاق واسع من الترددات. هذه الثورة السريعة دفعت الباحثين إلى تطوير تكنولوجيا اﻻتصاﻻت في مجالي البرمجيات والمعدات. كما يعتبر مجال تصميم الهوائيات من المجاﻻت اﻷساسية التي تحتاج إلى تطوير مستمر لخدمة أنظمة اتصاﻻت الجيل الخامس. الهدف الرئيسي من هذه الرسالة هو تصميم هوائي متعدد المداخل ومتعدد المخارج يعمل على ترددين هما 82 جيجا هيرتز و 82 جيجا هيرتز ويحقق جميع الخصائص الهامة ﻷنظمة اتصاﻻت الجيل الخامس ومنها ثنائية اﻻستقطاب وتوفير نطاق تردد واسع. الهوائي المقترح في هذه الرسالة صمم لكي يعمل على الترددات العالية )موجات بطول موجي قصير يقاس بالمليمتر( ، كما وحقق هذا التصميم ثنائية اﻻستقطاب ونطاق ترددي أكبر من 1 جيجا وبكسب أكبر من 18 ديسيبل. ومن منطلق العمل على تحسين اﻹتجاهية وكسب الهوائي فقد تم تصميم هوائي على شكل مصفوفة مكونة من عنصرين وذلك ﻻستخدامه في لوحات اﻷجهزة الذكية وتصميم هوائي على شكل مصفوفة مكونة من أربعة عناصر وذلك ﻻستخدامه في تصميم محطة إرسال تخدم أنظمة اتصاﻻت الجيل الخامس. كما تم تحقيق خاصية توجيه البث من الهوائي وذلك بإضافة محول ﻻتجاه اﻻشارة إلى التصميم الرباعي. هذا التحسين أضاف إمكانية إمالة إتجاه اﻻشعاع الرئيسي ﻹتجاهات مختلفة على كﻻ الترددين. إن محطة اﻹرسال المقترح تصميمها على شكل ثماني بحيث يحتوي كل وجه على اثنى عشر هوائي موزعة بالتساوي بين التصميم الرباعي بدون محول اﻹشارة والتصميم الرباعي مع محول اﻹش ارة على جهة اليمين و التصميم الرباعي مع محول اﻹشارة على الجهة اليسار، وبهذا تم تحقيق معظم خصائص الجيل الخامس في محطة اﻹرسال. IV Dedication To My Parents My Wife and Children My Brothers and Sisters My Family My Friends V Acknowledgment I am greatly thankful to Allah for bleesing me with this successful work. I am very grateful to my supervisor Dr. Talal Skaik who did not hesitate to help and support me to complete this work. Great thanks for my parents where without their support I have not reached what I am now. Special thanks for my wife for her patience and support. Many thanks for my brothers and sisters for their trust. Thanks for my family and friends. VI Table of Contents Declaration ............................................................................................................................. I Abstract ............................................................................................................................... III Dedication ............................................................................................................................. V Acknowledgment................................................................................................................... VI Table of Contents .................................................................................................................. VII List of Tables ......................................................................................................................... IX List of Figures ......................................................................................................................... X List of Abbreviations .............................................................................................................. XIII Chapter One: Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Evolution on Mobile Communication .................................................................................... 3 1.3 MIMO Technology ............................................................................................................ 5 1.4 Literature Review.............................................................................................................. 7 1.5 Thesis Motivation ............................................................................................................. 9 1.6 Thesis Overview............................................................................................................... 10 Chapter Two: Antenna Theory ............................................................................................... 11 2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 12 2.2 Maxwell's equations ......................................................................................................... 13 2.3 Parameters of Antenna ..................................................................................................... 14 2.4 Type of Antenna .............................................................................................................. 19 2.5 Microstrip Antenna .......................................................................................................... 23 2.6 Feeding Methods ............................................................................................................. 29 2.7 Antenna Arrays ............................................................................................................... 32 2.8 Phase Shifters ................................................................................................................. 35 2.9 Summary: ...................................................................................................................... 37 Chapter Three: Design of 5G Patch Antenna Arrays ................................................................. 38 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 39 3.2 Array Feeding Techniques.................................................................................................. 39 3.3 Single Element Design ...................................................................................................... 41 3.4 Design of Antenna Array ................................................................................................... 46 3.5 Four- element Antenna Array Design ................................................................................... 48 3.6 Four-element antenna array with fixed beam steering ............................................................ 51 VII Chapter Four: Design of 5G MIMO Antenna for Handsets and Mobile Base Stations ................... 56 4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 57 4.2 Design
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