2018 to 2019 to 2018 18-21 Risk Around the World the Around Risk and Opportunity 2018: 22-23 Start a New Lap Anew Start Relations China-U.S

邮发代号2-903 CN11-1429/Z 国内零售价： Canada $7.80 Australia $9.10 USA $5.10 Stand Test the of Time Vol. 847 January 2019 10 Turkey TL.10.00 Europe €5.20 UK 元 ₤ 3.20 3.20 2018 to 2019 to 2018 18-21 Risk Around the World the Around Risk and Opportunity 2018: 22-23 Start a New Lap aNew Start Relations China-U.S. 60-61 Tomorrow of Museums Art 可栽绕已种地塞达树木寒来球罕沙赤坝按半个多世纪，暑地道机往，变林海，荒牢记使命械林三场原成代人的森林覆盖率绿洲。耕耘。 80%

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1 米株距排开，艰苦创业 12 圈。

绿色发展

Saihanba is a cold alpine area in northern Hebei Province bordering the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It was once a barren land but is now home to 75,000 hectares of forest, thanks to the labor of generations of forestry workers in the past 55 years. Every year the forest purifies 137 million cubic meters of water and absorbs 747,000 tons of carbon dioxide. The forest produces 12 billion yuan (around US$1.8 billion) of ecological value annually, according to the Chinese Academy of Forestry. Jan 2O19

Administrative Agency: China International Publishing Group 主管：中国外文出版发行事业局（中国国际出版集团） Publisher: China Pictorial Publications 主办: 社 24 34 Address: 33 Chegongzhuang Xilu 社址: Haidian, Beijing 100048 北京市海淀区车公庄西路33号邮编: 100048 Email: [email protected] : [email protected] 邮箱 President: Yu Tao 社长: 于涛 Editorial Board: Yu Tao, Li Xia, He Peng 编委会: Bao Linfu, Yu Jia, Yan Ying 于涛、李霞、贺鹏鲍林富、于佳、闫颖

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Overseas Distribution: China International Book Trading Corporation (Guoji Shudian), Features 35 Chegongzhuang Xilu, P.o. Box 399, Beijing 100044, China 16 Goodbye 2018, Hello 2019 54 Down-to-Earth Movies 12 Boosting Economic Growth with a Better Business Telephone: 86-10-68413849 Fax: 86-10-68412166 18 2018: Opportunity and Risk Around the World 56 Knowledge Is Data Environment China Book Trading (Canada) Inc. Online Education Making Learning Fairer Telephone: 1-416-497-8096 22 China-U.S. Relations Start a New Lap 14 Africa and China: Sharing Paths of Common 24 International Security Prospects: Expectations and Variables 58 Vlog: Sharing My Video Diary Development 出版日期每月1日 Climate Crisis: A Chilling Fate Art Museums of Tomorrow 国内刊号: CN11-1429/Z 26 60 国际刊号: ISSN0009-4420 28 Genuinely Smart AI 62 In Remembrance of the Passed Now 京海工商广字第0121号 G20: World’s Consensus and China’s Action In China, subscriptions are available at any post office. 30 The Power of Reform 64 34 Alleviation Becomes Vitalization Express 66 G20: The Use of the “Useless” Subscription and distribution agency in Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan: Hong Kong Peace Book Company, Ltd. 36 China Sticks to Win-Win Cooperation Despite Uncertainty 06 China’s Economic Outlook 2019 68 China-Latin America Cooperation 17/F., Paramount Building, 12 Ka Yip Street, Chai Wan, Hong Kong 38 Innovation Pioneers Eyes on Both Speed and Quality A Deeper Shared Future Visit China Pictorial on the Internet: China’s Amazing Deep Space Exploration www.china-pictorial.com.cn 42 44 Gene Editing with an Abundance of Caution Special Report Culture 46 Smarter Homes for the Intelligent Age 08 China’s Voice Resounding in the World 70 Eyes on the Past and Future Follow us on: 48 2019: A New Link for Blockchain Xi Jinping’s Diplomatic Activities in 2018 76 Beijing: Eternal Home 50 Chinese Cultural Torchbearers 10 May the Next 40 Years Be Even Greater EXPRESS | NEWS JAN · 2O19

Climate Rulebook Adopted

December 15, Katowice, Poland: COP24 President Michal Kurtyka reacts after adopting the final agreement during the closing session of the UN Climate Change Conference 2018 (COP24). After two weeks of intensive talks, negotiators from nearly 200 countries agreed on the IC implementation guidelines for the landmark Paris Agreement. 19th Anniversary of Xie Zhenhua, China’s special representative on climate Macao’s Return change affairs, remarked December 16, Macao: Performers attend the Macao that the comprehensive, International Parade, held by the government of China’s balanced and strong package Macao Special Administrative Region (SAR) to celebrate of guidelines adopted by the the 19th anniversary of Macao’s return to the motherland. conference laid a strong policy The parade attracted more than 70 groups from the Chinese foundation for the implemen- mainland, Macao SAR and Hong Kong SAR as well as tation of the Paris Agreement. from foreign countries including Japan, Brazil, Spain, Italy, VCG Portugal, France, Mozambique and Malaysia, among others.

Airport on Pace for 2019 Launch December 19, Beijing: The roof of the terminal terminal is progressing smoothly. With four runways building of Beijing Daxing International Airport is and a 700,000-square-meter terminal area, the airport is completed. A “Golden Phoenix” has emerged in the expected to become the world’s largest of its kind upon south of the capital. The interior decoration of the completion in 2019.

VCG

VCG New Lunar Exploration VCG Boost for Cultural Exchange December 8, Xichang, Sichuan Province: China launches the Chang’e-4 lunar probe December 4, Chengdu, Sichuan Province: Performers from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. at the opening ceremony of the 13th Confucius Institute The probe is expected to make the first-ever Conference. Nearly 1,500 representatives from more than soft landing on the far side of the moon. 150 countries and regions, including university presidents, The probe, including a lander and a rover, scholars, Confucius Institute directors and educational was carried by a Long March-3B rocket into personnel, attended the two-day conference. China has space, opening a new chapter for China’s been developing the non-profit education organization lunar exploration. since 2004 with an aim to promote cross-cultural exchange.

04 VOLUME 847 CHINA PICTORIAL 05 EXPRESS | COMMENT BUZZWORDS JAN · 2O19

growth in 2018. The driving forces According to a recent report, 80 per- of world economic growth are cent of online insurance applicants were China’s Economic Outlook 2019 estimated to weaken in 2019, increas- born in the 1980s and 1990s, and 36.4 Online Insurance percent were under 24 years old. Young ing downward pressure on the global Edited by Li Zhuoxi consumers are expected to become the economy. According to the World main driving force in the development of Economic Outlook released by the online insurance. Online insurance refers to web-based Eyes on Both Speed International Monetary Fund (IMF) insurance services ranging from payment in October 2018, global growth in and verification to claims settlement. 2019 is projected at 3.7 percent, 0.2 Unlike traditional insurance, most online percentage points lower than the insurance providers offer scenario-based, and Quality fragmented mobile insurance services IMF’s April forecast. Moreover, inter- Text by Huang Hanquan with a high frequency of occurrence, such national trade friction provoked by as return-freight insurance, delivery delay China will further enhance the service industry and consumption’s contributions to economic growth, the United States since the beginning insurance, personal fund security insur- attach greater importance to high-quality development driven by innovation and transform the past of 2018 has broken the confidence ance and mobile phone screen insurance. These products feature simple insurance growth mode excessively reliant on investment and detrimental to the environment. of global traders. All these factors clauses and offer customized service, low exerted negative influence on China’s prices, convenient transactions and direct exports. Nevertheless, China will online claims settlement. Online insurance n 2018, despite uncertainty in remain “the world’s factory” for some is significant for the establishment of a sound social security system. both domestic and international time. China and the United States are Young people have become the prima- situations, China’s economy actively carrying out negotiations to ry buyers of online insurance. The young In recent years, scenario-based online generation likes simple, convenient and insurance products such as personal fund still maintained stable growth resolve their trade friction, which is security insurance, high-end medical at an average rate of 6.7 percent in likely to be settled soon. Analysis of interesting insurance products and seeks insurance and flight delay insurance have I an uninterrupted shopping experience. gained popularity among young people. IC the first three quarters of the year these factors has produced consen- and an overall yearly growth rate of sus that China’s foreign trade will 6.6 percent. maintain single-digit growth in 2019 A 2018 survey on working and living The year 2019 marks the 70th despite the downturn pressure it faces. conditions of those people showed that birthday of the People’s Republic of The Chinese government and the academic background of the new China as well as a crucial year for society prioritize quality development New Occupation occupation population is generally high, achieving the first of the country’s over fast economic expansion. China with more than 60 percent of them hold- Population ing a college degree or above. However, Two Centenary Goals, namely, will further enhance the service October 16, 2018: Customers purchase at a shopping mall in Yantai, eastern China’s Shandong Edited by Li Zhuoxi nearly 35 percent of those in new types building China into a moderately Province. The service industry and consumption have made increasingly important industry and consumption’s contri- of occupations earn more than 8,000 prosperous society in all respects. contributions to China’s economic growth. by Tang KeXinhua butions to economic growth, attach yuan (about US$1,160) a month. The top Following the general principle of greater importance to high-quality three new professions by revenue were veterinarians, fitness coaches and bar- seeking progress while maintaining and capacity. In 2017, retail sales of infrastructure investment, real estate development driven by innovation tenders. Nearly 29 percent of veterinari- stability, the Chinese government will consumer goods reached 3.6 trillion investment and manufacturing invest- and transform the past growth mode ans earn a monthly income of more than continue efforts to stabilize employ- yuan (US$522 billion), an increase ment, which together account for 80 excessively reliant on investment and 20,000 yuan (US$2,905). ment, finance, foreign trade, foreign of nearly 10 percent over the previ- percent of the total. Now, the central detrimental to the environment. In Many highly skilled employees are devoted to these new occupations, which capital, investment and expectations, ous year. However, in October 2018, government’s deficit ratio remains addition, China will continue advanc- has improved the social status and iden- fight “three critical battles” against the Chinese government raised at 2.6 percent, leaving some space ing supply-side structural reform, tity of the new occupation population. As major potential risks, poverty and the minimum threshold for paying to rise. In 2019, China will maintain eliminate backward and excessive a result, workers tend to stay longer in pollution, and realize steady economic personal income tax, and more active fiscal policy and expand invest- production capacity, upgrade tradi- the new occupations. Meanwhile, thanks to the development and progress of growth. China’s economy is expected substantive measures to cut corpo- ment in sectors such as agriculture, tional industries by introducing new social concepts, young people’s attitudes to grow by 6.2 to 6.5 percent in 2019, rate taxes and boost consumption are transport infrastructure, energy technologies and business modes, toward employment are gradually con- February 2, 2018: Wu Fangyuan right, a a rate slightly lower than that of 2018. projected to be taken in 2019, which conservation, ecological protection, foster and expand emerging industries veterinarian at Aidian Animal Hospital in trasting traditional public perspectives. In terms of consumption, although are expected to greatly bolster growth living standards and technologi- and replace old growth drivers with Urumi, capital of northwestern China’s For example, a large number of women Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, plays are involved in occupations such as the growth rate of consumer goods in consumption. cal innovation. This allocation will new ones to rise to the middle-to-high with a dog. VCG veterinary medicine, interior design and retail sales dropped slightly in 2018, In terms of investment, the ensure steady growth in the country’s end of the global value chain. automobile customization, while more the figure is expected to stabilize introduction of the “six stabilities” infrastructure investment. An emerging group, the new occupa- men have started becoming nurses, in 2019. China has a middle-in- policy has been predicted to help In terms of exporting, despite the tion population refers to those who are early childhood educators, beauticians, engaged in new service professions which come population of 400 million and the finance sector maintain steady negative impact of the global economic The author is a researcher and director of cosmeticians and other traditionally the Institute of Industrial and Technological have been created in response to recent “feminine” occupations. In the future, the a huge market of 1.4 billion people growth. China’s fixed asset invest- slowdown and China-U.S. trade friction, Economics under the Academy of social development trends in China’s big gender labels of new occupations will with strong consumption willingness ments are roughly categorized into China’s exports still maintained Macroeconomic Research. cities. continue to fade.

06 VOLUME 847 CHINA PICTORIAL 07 SPECIAL REPORT JAN · 2O19

n 2018, Chinese President Xi Jinping went abroad summit in Qingdao, the Beijing summit of the Forum four times to visit countries in Asia, Africa, on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) and the first China’s Voice Resounding Europe, Latin America and Oceania and attended China International Import Expo (CIIE). On these many international events such as BRICS, APEC occasions, Xi delivered important speeches, stressing in the World Iand G20 summits. The same year, China also hosted China’s efforts to establish a new type of international Edited by Hu Zhoumeng the Boao Forum for Asia (BFA) Annual Conference relations and a community with a shared future for —Xi Jinping’s Diplomatic Activities in 2018 2018, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) humanity. Edited by Hu Zhoumeng

September 11 Xi attends the Fourth Eastern Economic Forum in Vladivostok, Russia. “China stands ready to work with all regional countries to strengthen cooperation in the Russian Far East and Northeast Asia to push for the diversified and sustainable development of the region.”

July 10 Xi attends the opening ceremony for the 8th Ministerial Meeting of the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum in Beijing. “I am pleased to announce that, after friendly consultation between the two sides, we have agreed to establish a Sino- June 9 to 10 Arab future-oriented strategic partnership of comprehensive Xi chairs the 18th Meeting of the Council of Heads of Member States November 27 to 29 cooperation and common development.” of the SCO in Qingdao, Shandong Xi pays a state visit Province. to Spain. “The Shanghai Spirit is our September 3 shared asset, and the SCO is our shared home.” Xi attends the opening ceremony of December 4 to 5 the FOCAC Beijing Summit. Xi pays a state visit “China and Africa can forge an even to Portugal. stronger comprehensive strategic and cooperative partnership.” November 5 Xi attends the opening ceremony of the first December 2 to 3 April 10 November 20 to 21 CIIE in Shanghai. Xi pays a state visit July 19 to 21 Xi pays a state visit to Panama. July 22 to 23 Xi attends the opening “History tells us that openness and cooperation are a July 21 to 22 Xi pays a state ceremony of the BFA to the Philippines. major driving force behind dynamic international economic Xi pays a state Xi pays a state visit to the United Annual Conference and trade activities. The current situation calls for openness visit to Rwanda. visit to Senegal. Arab Emirates. 2018 in China’s Hainan and cooperation to foster steady global recovery. Looking Province. ahead, openness and cooperation will remain essential for continued human progress.” “China’s reform and opening up is meeting the people’s aspirations for development, innovation and better lives. It also November 15 to 18 aligns with the global Xi pays a state visit to Papua New Guinea and trends of development, meets leaders of Pacific island countries with cooperation and peace.” diplomatic ties with China before attending the 26th APEC Informal Leaders’ Meeting. “China seeks deeper cooperation in the July 27 November 18 to 20 digital economy with other countries in the July 23 to 26 Xi pays a friendly visit Xi pays a state visit to Brunei. Asia-Pacific region to expand convergence of Xi pays a state visit to South to Mauritius. interests and create more growth areas, thus Africa and attends the 10th adding strong and fresh impetus to the Asia- November 29 to December 2 BRICS leaders’ meeting in Pacific economy.” Xi attends the 13th G20 summit Johannesburg. in Argentina and pays a state visit to the country. “As BRICS countries, we must therefore have a keen grasp of the trends of our times, deepen our strategic partnership and “Going forward, win-win cooperation is the only consolidate our cooperation framework underpinned by economic, choice for us, be it in good times or bad. This political and security cooperation and people-to-people exchanges.” is dictated by the law of economics, and it is in keeping with the development of human history.”

08 VOLUME 847 CHINA PICTORIAL 09 SPECIAL REPORT JAN · 2O19

May the Next 40 Years Be Even Greater A great revolution, China’s reform and opening up over the past four decades has changed the destiny of the Chinese nation and influenced the world. December 18, 2018: Chinese President Xi Jinping at a grand gathering to celebrate the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and opening up. The reform and opening up serves as a milestone in realizing the Chinese nation’s rejuvenation and promotes world peace and development. by Xie HuanchiXinhua

n December 18, 2018, nation’s rejuvenation. Over the just 40 years, reducing the poverty peace and development. are requested to ensure develop- develop in isolation from the world, China hosted a grand past 40 years, China has continued headcount ratio by 94.4 percentage Xi noted the leadership of the ment remains the top priority and and the world needs China for gathering to celebrate the improving its people’s well-be- points. The country’s development Communist Party of China (CPC) to enhance China’s composite global prosperity. Xi pointed out 40th anniversary of the ing. The country has lifted 740 over the past four decades has effec- backing all the work while calling national strength. that since ancient times, China has Ocountry’s reform and opening up, million people out of poverty in tively served the cause of world for constant enhancement and Xi called for continued efforts seen numerous movements aimed which has changed the destiny of improvement of the Party’s way of to improve and develop the system at strengthening the nation through the Chinese nation while influenc- December 18, 2018: Chinese President Xi Jinping and other Chinese leaders applaud reform leadership. He called for contin- of socialism with Chinese charac- reform, and the Chinese nation has ing the world. President Xi Jinping pioneers during the grand gathering to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the country’s reform uous efforts to deliver on the teristics. As the reform and opening engaged in interactions and cultural and opening up. by Yan YanXinhua and other Chinese leaders attended people’s aspirations for a better up over the past four decades has exchanges with foreign nations the event at the Great Hall of the life. The practices over the past shown, the system is of fundamen- in a confident and broad-minded People in Beijing, at which the 40 years have solidified the CPC’s tal and overarching significance for manner. Such profound historical president delivered a speech summa- founding aspiration and mission as the long-term stability and develop- and cultural heritage is fueling the rizing China’s achievements over the seeking happiness for the Chinese ment of all endeavors of the Party Chinese nation’s drive to continue past four decades. people and striving for rejuvena- and the country. He stressed adher- embracing the future through During the speech, Xi declared tion of the Chinese nation, which ing to a path of socialism with reform and opening up. China’s reform and opening up a has also been the aim of reform Chinese characteristics and finding During the celebratory event, great revolution that propelled a and opening-up endeavors. The balance between reform, develop- according to the decision made by quantum leap forward in the cause president stressed upholding ment and stability. the CPC Central Committee and of socialism with Chinese charac- Marxism and advancing theory. Xi underlined China’s commit- China’s State Council, 100 Chinese teristics. He called the pursuit of The practices over the past 40 years ment to opening up wider to the were awarded the medals of reform reform and opening up and social- have shown that innovation is the world and promoting joint efforts pioneers and 10 foreigners were ism with Chinese characteristics a pulse of reform and opening up. to build a community with a shared honored with China reform friend- milestone in realizing the Chinese Furthermore, continued efforts future for humanity. China cannot ship medals.

10 VOLUME 847 CHINA PICTORIAL 11 SPECIAL REPORT JAN · 2O19

business environment have on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint The improvement of China’s enabled substantial growth of Ventures was passed. As China’s business environment and the foreign-invested enterprises. first legal document dealing with country’s reforms to stream- Boosting Economic Growth Global cross-border investment foreign investment, this law secured line administration, delegate dropped by 41 percent in the first protections for foreign invest- powers, and improve regula- half of 2018, but foreign investment in China. In 1986, to address tion and services cover two key with a Better Business ments have increased in China. In long-standing problems and reduce realms. First, much less paperwork 2018, foreign investment projects administrative intervention, China is required to streamline admin- in China exceeding 10 billion yuan promulgated Provisions of the State istration. In 2019, a nationwide (US$1.44 billion) each included Council for the Encouragement of reform to simplify the approval Environment German chemical giant BASF’s Foreign Investment and 22 rules system for construction projects Text by Liu Ying Verbund chemical production site in for its implementation. Beginning will be carried out in China. A Guangdong Province as its largest in 1995, to better examine and unified procedure will be estab- China’s improved business enviroment is benefitting the world at large. investment project to date, BMW’s approve foreign investment projects lished. This reform is expected to global production base for new in China, the country classified stimulate the dynamics of market energy vehicles in Shenyang City, foreign investments into the four players, enhance the performance and Tesla’s first-ever wholly owned categories of encouraged, permitted, of foreign investment and foster ince China’s historic reform consistent efforts to improve its by Doing Business annual reports super factory outside the United restricted and prohibited projects. high-quality growth of the Chinese and opening up began business environment have been advanced from 108th at first to 96th States, which is located in Shanghai. And classifications could be altered economy. Additionally, the reform in 1978, foreign-invested recognized by the world at large. by 2013 and then up to 46th in 2018 and revised based on social and of the production license system enterprises have played an Since the inception of the World as the country finally broke into Accelerated Optimization economic development. From then for industrial products has been Simportant role in driving technolog- Bank flagship publication Doing the top 50. This evidences that the Since China began to imple- on, China’s guidance on foreign driven to a deeper level in recent ical progress, promoting economic Business in 2003, China has made country’s business environment has ment its reform and opening-up investments became routine. years, which has effectively reduced growth and creating more jobs notable improvements to its business undergone qualitative changes and policy, the gradual improvements Since China joined the World institutional transaction costs and in China. During these 40 years, environment. China’s global ranking realized notable improvements. to the country’s market economy Trade Organization (WTO) in unlocked market vitality. Second, China’s high-speed and healthy on ease of doing business measured Improvements in China’s enabled foreign investors to enjoy 2001, it has been actively fulfilling governments at all levels have taken economic development has also increasingly equal treatment to its WTO commitments to provide positive actions and drawn clear offered foreign-invested enterprises domestic investors. In 1979, Law a better internal and external roadmaps and timetables to elimi- In 1982, the Shenzhen-based Happiness Soft Drink Factory, the first China-U.S. cooperative gorgeous returns, and the country enterprise in China to produce Pepsi, was put into operation. China’s business environment of the People’s Republic of China environment for foreign-invested nate unreasonable barriers and has been one of the most attrac- has witnessed consistent improvement over the past four decades. CFB enterprises operating in China. restrictions. A plethora of measures tive destinations for foreign direct Since the 18th National Congress have been taken to improve China’s investment (FDI) in the world. of the Communist Party of China business environment. Improving the business environ- (CPC) in 2012, reform on China’s By improving its business ment is a key step to attract attraction and usage of FDI has environment, China will better and stabilize FDI. And China’s been driven to a deeper level. China merge its high administrative high-quality economic develop- has been committed to implement- efficiency with its mature infrastruc- ment also requires a sound business ing a management system based ture facilities, rich human resources, environment. on pre-establishment national and huge market with great poten- treatment and a negative list and tial. In the process, not only will Widely Recognized Efforts broadening its market access with an China create more advantages in A good business environment eye on advancing its opening up to a terms of attracting FDI, improving is conducive to lowering transac- wider scale and higher level. trade structure, seizing high-qual- tion costs, improving operating In recent years, China has ity development and optimizing the efficiency and attracting FDI. attached great importance to global industrial chain, but at the According to the World Bank, if reforms to streamline administra- same time, it will also create benefits the time it takes for investors to tion, delegate powers and improve that the whole world will enjoy. start a business is cut by 10 days, it regulation and services. It fully would increase investment by 0.3 opened its manufacturing sector, percent and enhance GDP growth eased market access to the service by 0.36 percent. industry and opened some fields The author is a researcher with Chongyang Since it began the reform such as finance and insurance to Institute for Financial Studies at Renmin and opening up in 1978, China’s unprecedented levels. University of China.

12 VOLUME 847 CHINA PICTORIAL 13 SPECIAL REPORT JAN · 2O19

September 20, 201: Ethiopia’s first modern tram begins operation in Addis Ababa, marking the full completion of this China-aided infrastructure Africa and China project. Boasting a carrying capacity of 60,000 passengers per day, the tram cost US4 million, with 8 percent of the money provided by the Export- Sharing Paths of Import Bank of China. VCG Common Development Text by Hodan Osman Abdi

Since the establishment of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, Africa has been receiving an increasingly large share of the benefits reaped by China’s reform and opening up. Investment in human capital has been pivotal in the success of China’s reform and opening-up policy that leads to unprecedented socio-eco- he pace and scale of China’s than the majority of countries on the in almost completely opposite direc- nomic growth in a nation that has a growth since the adoption of African continent. While China’s per tions. Thanks to the reform and population near Africa’s 54 nations. the reform and opening-up capita GDP measured merely US$156 opening-up policy, China allowed In my opinion, this should be the policy is one of the most in 1978, in the 40 years that followed, increased foreign direct investment a series of measures aimed at easing is creating affordable and sustain- most important lesson African Tsignificant and most widely discussed and with the influence of the reform (FDI) in productive and manufac- the process of “opening up,” which able options for energy. These factors, countries learn from China’s experi- development stories of the century. and opening-up policy, China’s GDP turing sectors since 1978 that proved meant exactly what the name implied: combined with a relative increase in ence. At the same time, development At the same time, the tragedy of grew at an annual average rate of to be a crucial means to kickstart creating stronger links between security and political stability on the of Africa’s human capital should be growing poverty on the African 9.5 percent to reach US$8,827. Most rapid development in a wide range China and the rest of the world continent, are transforming it into the core of China-Africa cooperation continent despite its vast reserves significantly, this rapid growth lifted of areas and sectors, especially through trade. And since the estab- one of the world’s most attractive over the next two decades. of resources has been one of the more than 700 million people out of hard and soft infrastructure, with lishment of the Forum on China- destinations for investment. Education is one of the most most frustrating problems in recent poverty in China alone, slashing the positive spillover effects on human Africa Cooperation, Africa has been important factors fueling innova- history. However, since the establish- country’s poverty rate from nearly 90 capital in terms of higher educa- seeing an increasingly large share of Human Capital Creating tion and development. If the African ment of the Forum on China-Africa percent in 1981 to under two percent tion and health levels nationwide. the benefits reaped by China’s devel- Growth continent is to ever escape the reputa- Cooperation in 2000 and increased in less than four decades. Meanwhile, Meanwhile, the investment rate in opment and growth. China has been As many developing countries tion of least-developed continent South-South cooperation, real GDP the growth performance in Africa in Africa since 1975 declined by 8.5 the continent’s largest trading partner in Africa look to China in awe of with the poorest population in the growth in Africa has risen by 4.9 the period from 1974 to the mid-1990s percent, having negative impact on for the past nine years consecu- the miraculous results achieved in world despite impressive reserves of percent annually from 2000 to 2008 was negative, reaching -1.5 percent in growth and especially poor perfor- tively. Since more than two thirds of such a short span of time, the recur- natural and demographic resources, and continued to rise at a similar pace 1990. As a consequence, hundreds of mance in crucial determinants of Chinese investment in Africa is in ring question is how a country countries on the continent must with more robust growth in certain millions of African people—almost human capital, education and health hard infrastructure, Chinese invest- transformed its fate so successfully. learn from China’s experience and African countries in recent years. half of the continent’s population— on the continent. To this day, despite ment and aid on the continent are not Although China’s development can optimize investments in health and were forced into conditions of extreme vast inflows of aid initiatives target- only changing its face with visible be attributed to numerous intertwin- education to create conditions for a Similar Struggles and Effects poverty. In 1970, one in 10 poor ing these sectors specifically, most improvements in infrastructure but ing factors, significant investment in vibrant innovative society that can of Investment people in the world lived in Africa, African governments still lack also lighting up African countries. health and education services since contribute to national and global Before examining the spillover but by the year 2000, the number the basic resources and expertise Two decades ago, the most common the beginning of the reform agenda growth. As such, African govern- effects of China’s development on rose to one in two, as the number of to effectively tackle many crucial routes of travel between cities in is one of the most important factors ments are urged to research and the African continent, it is wise to extremely poor people on the conti- issues, remaining highly dependent Africa were long and dangerous dirt leading to the results witnessed today. study development models of differ- revisit the development journeys nent increased from 140 million in on outside assistance, as evidenced roads that were easily affected by While China was able to generate ent nations including China to draft undertaken by both China and 1975 to 360 million in 2000. by the most recent outbreak of rains and floods. Now, newly paved significant income through attracting a development strategy that best suits Africa over the last four decades. As numerous academic inves- Ebola in West Africa. highways and high-speed trains link FDI and participating in world trade, their individual circumstances. When Deng Xiaoping, the chief tigations indicate, investment was The fact that China’s development cities and countries across the conti- the improving quality of life for its architect of China’s reform and likely a defining factor in the dispar- occurred in a country that is home to nent, cutting the cost of travel and people and the increased strength of opening up, began the push for ity in growth between China and a fifth of the world’s population has boosting connectivity and trade. At its demographic advantage of skilled, The author is executive director of the Center for East African Studies at Institute economic development, the poverty Africa. During the same period of had major implications for the global the same time, investment in clean healthy labor are powering both of African Studies at Zhejiang Normal rate in China stood much higher time, the two economies developed economy. The reform implemented energy production such as solar plants national and global growth. University.

14 VOLUME 847 CHINA PICTORIAL 15 FEATURES China-U.S. relations are now poised JAN · 2O19 at a new starting point. Now more than ever, China and the United States need to focus on seeking mutually beneficial relations characterized by equality, inclusiveness, mutual respect, mutual learning, win-win cooperation, mutual trust and positive interactions.

Over the past few decades, humans Goodbye have invented several technologies that could lead to our total destruction such as gene editing, nuclear energy, nanotechnology and 2018 synthetic biology, just to name a few. The We can never be too cautious when year 2019 has developing more of them. arrived. Looking back upon the past year, Achieving the international community high-quality poverty remained restless. The year 2018 had alleviation, solving escalating economic friction, upgraded profound poverty cooperation, data crises and technological problems and challenges. In fast-changing conditions, the world integrating with is still vigorously moving forward, seeking stability rural vitalization are Hello despite uncertainties and creating opportunities for the primary goals development. of China’s poverty alleviation efforts over the next two years.

2019 Art has transcended the “materializa- In this issue, China Pictorial looks back at China in tion” setting and its 2018 through the stories of those who influenced the boundaries continue to expand, resulting nation and even the world, as well as the most creative in the emergence technologies, art trends, and ideas that emerged In 2019, of uncontained in the past year, so as to showcase China’s social China will museums. transformation. continue to promote peaceful cooperation and win-win development despite an increasingly complicated international situation. 16 VOLUME 847 CHINA PICTORIAL 17 FEATURES | HEADLINES JAN · 2O19

Stephen Hawking Dies On March 14, 2018, Stephen Hawking died at the age of 76. The Cambridge-educated British physicist was the most renowned contemporary researcher on general relativity and cosmology. He was born exactly 300 years after the death of Galileo Galilei and died on the 139th birth anniversary of Albert Einstein. He fought amyotrophic lateral sclero- sis (ALS) his entire adult life but never gave up his passion for physics and left countless precious scientific legacies for 2018 mankind. In a statement, Hawking’s children, Lucy, Robert and Tim, said: “We are deeply saddened that our beloved father passed away today. He was a great scientist and an March 31, 2018: The funeral of British scientist Stephen Hawking at the Church of St. Mary in Cambridge. Around 00 friends, extraordinary man whose work and legacy will live on for Opportunity and Risk relatives and colleagues gathered to pay respects at his private many years. We will miss him forever.” funeral. Xinhua Around the World Facebook Data Scandal Edited by Li Yiqi & Xu Shuyuan On March 18, 2018, news broke that Cambridge Analytica, a British political consulting firm, had used data improperly obtained from roughly 50 million Facebook users to precisely deliver advertising content to sway Trump’s 2016 election. The company had been hired by the campaign. By April, Cambridge Analytica was accused of illegally harvesting the data of more than 87 million Facebook users to target politi- The year 2019 has arrived. Looking back upon the past year, the international commu- cal advertising. Since then, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg

nity remained restless. The year 2018 had escalating economic friction, upgraded cooperation, has testified two separate times before the U.S. Congress. April 10, 2018: Facebook CEO Mark uckerberg arrives to data crises and technological challenges. In fast-changing conditions, the world is still vigor- Data security in the internet era has attracted world- testify before a joint hearing of the U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation, and the ously moving forward, seeking stability despite uncertainties and creating opportunities for wide attention. US Senate Committee on the Judiciary at Capitol Hill, development. Washington, DC. VCG

China Opens Up Further to the World On April 10, 2018, at the Boao Forum for Asia, Chinese President Xi Jinping announced measures that would allow China to open up further. In September, the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation was successfully held, and in November, the first China International Import Expo was held in Shanghai. It was the first state-level import-themed expo and a pioneering move in international trade. In December, addressing a conference marking the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and Tesla in Space opening up in Beijing, Xi urged sustained efforts to On February 6, 2018, the world’s most powerful open up further and push for a community with a rocket, SpaceX’s Falcon Heavy, conducted a success- shared future for humanity. The repeated message of ful debut test launch. The jumbo rocket carried a China’s further opening up injected great energy into payload of a red Tesla Roadster automobile. According international efforts to build an open global economy. to more recent news, however, the car has already It was consistent with Xi’s call for efforts to build an passed its intended target as it drifts toward the aster- open regional economy at the Asia-Pacific Economic oid belt between Mars and Jupiter, which could disrupt Cooperation (APEC) Leaders’ Meeting in November, its intended purpose of “floating in space for billions of and to stay committed to openness, cooperation and years.” Still, the successful launch of the Falcon Heavy April 10, 2018: Chinese President Xi Jinping and his wife Peng Liyuan pose trade multilateralism at the G20 summit held from February 6, 2018: The world’s most powerful rocket, SpaceX’s Falcon for a photo with foreign leaders and their spouses before the opening of rocket marked another milestone in the history of Heavy, blasts off on its highly anticipated maiden test flight, carrying the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2018 in Boao, Hainan Province. November 30 to December 1 in Argentina. space travel. a red Tesla roadster into orbit near Mars. VCG Xinhua

18 VOLUME 847 CHINA PICTORIAL 19 FEATURES | HEADLINES JAN · 2O19

U.S. Withdrawal from Iran Nuclear Deal Currency Crisis in Turkey and Argentina On May 8, 2018, U.S. President Donald Trump signed Affected by the continued appreciation of the U.S. a proclamation declaring his intention to withdraw from dollar, the interest rate increase of the Federal Reserve the Iran nuclear deal and impose the highest level of and Trump’s tough trade policy, the exchange rate of the economic sanctions on Tehran at the White House. Turkish lira against the U.S. dollar continued to fall in After years of hard negotiations, Iran and six world 2018. After Trump announced that the United States would powers, namely China, Russia, Britain, France, Germany double tariffs on steel and aluminum imported from Turkey, and the United States, struck a 2015 deal over Iran’s the lira tumbled as much as 18 percent on August 10, nuclear program. Under the accord, Iran agreed to battering Turkey’s consumption, investment and economic limit its sensitive nuclear activities and allow monitor- growth. This development threw the global emerging ing by international inspectors in return for the lifting markets into chaos. Many emerging market countries have October 24, 2018: Riot police take position during clashes with of crippling economic sanctions. However, within demonstrators outside the Congress while Argentinian deputies experienced currency collapse. In the first eight months of three years of its implementation, Trump’s statement begin discussion of the government’s 2019 budget in Buenos 2018, the Argentinian peso has lost half its value against the Aires, Argentina. VCG brought the Iranian nuclear issue back into uncertainty. December 21, 2018: U.S. aircraft carrier USS John C. Stennis sails U.S. dollar, becoming a severely weak currency. On May 11, thousands of Iranians protested against the into the Persian Gulf, the first since America’s withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal. The Iranian military dispatched 30 ships to track withdrawal of the United States in Tehran. and monitor the aircraft carrier. IC

Brexit Continues After the Brexit procedure began Historic Trump-Kim Meeting in 2017, Britain struck a draft divorce History was made when U.S. President deal with the European Union (EU) on Donald Trump and Kim Jong Un, the top leader November 20, 2018, according to which of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Britain will remain in the EU until the (DPRK), met at the Capella Hotel on Singapore’s end of 2020. During this transitional Sentosa Island on June 12, 2018, an import- period, the Brexit plan became the focus ant step toward the political settlement of the of controversy between Britain’s opposi- Korean Peninsula issue. The heads of the two tion Labour Party and the government countries discussed the denuclearization of the led by the Conservative Party. On July Korean Peninsula and the establishment of a 6, 2018, British Prime Minister Theresa peaceful mechanism. After decades of political May announced that members of the

isolation and military confrontation, the DPRK British Cabinet had agreed to estab- December 11, 2018: British Prime Minister Theresa May left and German Chancellor and the United States finally sat down at the lish a comprehensive “free trade area for Angela Merkel right meet at the Chancellery in Berlin, Germany. On December 10, May announced that the vote on the Brexit plan had been delayed. She flew to see Merkel in June 12, 2018: U.S. President Donald Trump shakes hands with Kim Jong Un, negotiating table, another sign of easing tension goods” with the EU. a bid to save her plans for Britain’s exit. VCG top leader of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea DPRK, during their on the Korean Peninsula. first meeting at the Capella resort on Sentosa Island in Singapore. VCG

China-U.S. Trade Dispute In 2018, the United States repeatedly imposed France Lifts World Cup Trophy tariffs on imports from China, and China slapped France won the World Cup for the necessary countermeasures on imports from the second time after two decades of short- United States. The value of tariff-added products comings by beating Croatia 4-2 on July 16, involved in the China-U.S. trade war has reached 2018. Croatian midfielder Luka Modric hundreds of billions of U.S. dollars. Since the outbreak won the World Cup Golden Ball award, of the trade war, the two countries have held several and French teenager Kylian Mbappe was bilateral talks. On the evening of December 1, 2018, named the best young player. Thibaut Chinese President Xi Jinping was invited to have Courtois was awarded the Golden Glove dinner and meet with his U.S. counterpart Donald as the leading goalkeeper. The mostly Trump in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The two leaders young French team fulfilled a career goal discussed economic and trade issues between the two early, and French soccer looks promising June 3, 2018: Chinese Vice Premier Liu He right chats with U.S. countries and reached consensus to stop imposing July 1, 2018: French players celebrate at the trophy ceremony after the Russia 2018 Secretary of Commerce Wilbur Ross during a press conference after these days. World Cup final between France and Croatia at Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow. Xinhua their meeting at the Diaoyutai State Guesthouse in Beijing. VCG additional tariffs.

20 VOLUME 847 CHINA PICTORIAL 21 FEATURES JAN · 2O19

that have caused repeated friction inclusiveness, mutual respect, and conflict on issues concerning mutual learning, win-win cooper- Taiwan, Tibet, the Diaoyu Islands, ation, mutual trust and positive the Korean Peninsula, the South interactions. First, the two countries China Sea, trade, human rights need to respect each other, which and cyber security, among others. is a basic prerequisite. Second, the Third, the structural connection two sides need to complement and between China as a rising power and learn from each other with an inclu- the United States as an established sive attitude while setting aside power is a direct cause. The rapid differences in political system and rise of China has generated anxiety ideology. Third, the two sides need and a sense of crisis in the hearts of to seek common ground while some Americans as it threatens the shelving and narrowing differences United States’ status as the world’s and promoting cooperation through sole super power. The so-called deepening mutual trust. Fourth, the Thucydides Trap has become an two countries should avoid falling inevitable reference for China-U.S. into the trap of historical deter- relations. minism, which dictates that a rising power and an established power New Model of Major-Country must inevitably fall into conflict, Relations Based on Win-win while discarding the mentality of zero-sum games and exploring November 8, 2018: China’s Foreign Minister Cooperation Wang Yi right greets the media beside In February 2012 during his new avenues and models to control former U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger at the Diaoyutai State Guesthouse visit to the United States, Chinese disputes and avoid confrontation. in Beijing. VCG President Xi Jinping proposed Fifth, the two sides should respect November 9, 2018: Yang Jiechi second right, member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China CPC Central Committee, and Chinese Defense Minister Wei Fenghe right meet with U.S. Defense Secretary Jim Mattis left and U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo construction of a new model of each other’s core and fundamen- second left during the China-U.S. Diplomatic and Security Dialogue at the State Department in Washington, DC. VCG that China-U.S. relations are import- major-country relations between tal interests and endure thick and ant not only to the two countries, China and the United States based thin together rather than confront but also to the global landscape at on win-win cooperation. However, each other. large. At the same time, the difficul- there is a lack of precedence in During the G20 summit in ties, complexities and uncertainties building such major-country Argentina from November 30 characterizing their relations have relations. Considering their remark- to December 1, 2018, Chinese resulted in frequent ups and downs able differences in terms of political President Xi Jinping and U.S. China-U.S. Relations in bilateral ties. systems, social models, ideology, President Donald Trump met in a In recent years, China-U.S. values and core interests, it is under- friendly, candid atmosphere. The relations seem to have reached a standable that the two countries still meeting created positive, construc- Start a New Lap difficult stretch which has become face headwinds on the road to a new tive outcomes. The two leaders particularly tense. This has primar- model of major-country relations. agreed to stop imposing new tariffs Text by Ni Shixiong ily been attributed to three reasons: After sharp twists and turns by January 1, 2019, effectively Now more than ever, China and the United States need to focus on seeking mutually beneficial relations First, the two countries’ politi- from 2017 through 2018, bilateral hitting the brakes on the escalat- characterized by equality, inclusiveness, mutual respect, mutual learning, win-win cooperation, mutual cal systems, ideologies and values ties have gradually stabilized. How ing China-U.S. trade war. The two trust and positive interactions. are fundamentally different. This can China and the United States sides also agreed to seek avenues for factor has been highlighted by the march steadily toward win-win coordinated, cooperative and stable disappointment and sense of failure cooperation? Their relations are China-U.S. relations, charting a rising in the United States as it now poised at a new starting point. course for the development of bilat- he year 2018 marked the China, its relations with the United and opening up since the very comes to terms with the remarkable Of course, the two countries must eral ties in the years to come. 40th anniversary of China’s States and even the international beginning. achievements of China’s reform and overcome many obstacles and reform and opening up as landscape simultaneously. More than opening up. Second, their conflict- challenges awaiting on the road well as the 40th anniversary coincidence, the historical inevi- China-U.S. Ties at a ing core national interests are central ahead. China and the United States The author is director of Shanghai Shixiong of the establishment of China-U.S. tability evidences that China-U. Crossroads to the relationship. Currently, the now need to pay more attention than Center for International Studies and a T professor at the School of International diplomatic ties. Forty years ago, S. relations have been closely Over the past four decades, two countries wrestle over irrecon- ever to seeking mutually beneficial Relations and Public Affairs at Fudan the two milestone events changed associated with China’s reform various developments have shown cilable differences in core interests relations characterized by equality, University.

22 VOLUME 847 CHINA PICTORIAL 23 FEATURES JAN · 2O19

June 28, 2018: A administration’s abandonment of group of Syrian refugees return to the Iran nuclear deal coupled with International their homeland from deterioration of Iran-Israel relations, Arsal, Lebanon. On July 3, the Syrian Iran has become one of the biggest government, through variables in the regional security the official media, Security Prospects called on citizens who situation. In Afghanistan, even had left Syria due though President Mohammad Ashraf to the war to return to their motherland Ghani urged the Taliban to cease and stressed that the government acts of violence and join the peace would protect their process, car bombs and explosions Expectations safety. According to statistics from the persist as tactics used by the Taliban United Nations High to express defiance and complaints. Commissioner for Refugees, the seven- The Taliban poses a serious challenge and Variables year civil war in Syria to the rule and legitimacy of the has driven more than Text by Wei Zongyou 10 million Syrians Afghanistan government and the to flee their homes, stability of the country. How China-U.S. relations evolve will fundamentally impact the of which more than .6 million fled the Fourth, refugees from the Middle world security situation in 2019. country. Xinhua East and Latin America could cause even more controversy in Europe and the United States. Over the past few years, refugees from the Middle East and Latin America he world endured great bilateral trade relations. But given have become a lightning rod fueling uncertainty and turbulence the unpredictability of the Trump populism in Europe and the United in 2018. While hot spots in administration and the complicated States, which have regressed in their the Korean Peninsula, Syria, and structurally imbalanced trade refugee and immigration policies. Tand the Middle East continued to relations between China and the With the civil war raging in Syria and draw attention, the escalating tit-for- United States, whether the two sides the situation throughout the Middle tat trade war between China and can fundamentally resolve the trade East and Afghanistan shrouded the United States and the growing quarrels soon remains up for debate. in choking uncertainty, more and strategic competition dominated the How China and the United States more refugees are likely to flee their headlines of the past year. In 2019, will coexist in the South China homelands seeking safety in Turkey what can we expect from the global Sea is also a big concern. Frankly and Europe, which will arouse security landscape? speaking, the security situation in even greater anti-refugee senti- First, how China-U.S. relations the South China Sea has improved suspicion and increase the risk of demands strong recourse which its economy. However, denucleariza- ments and xenophobia in Europe. evolve will fundamentally impact greatly in recent years, especially unforseen accidents that would would drop China-U.S. relations to tion is doomed to require a gradual In the United States, even though the world security situation. As the since an agreement on the single only raise the chance of military a new low. If China and the United and long process, which demands the Trump administration deployed two major countries on the planet, draft of the Code of Conduct (COC) engagement. States sneeze, the world will quiver. patience, mutual understanding, and troops and threatened to use “lethal relations between them will not in the South China Sea in August The Taiwan issue is another Second, the nuclear issue on the even positive economic stimulus force” against caravan refugees and only impact those two countries and the signing of an MOU of the obstacle that China and the Korean Peninsula remains clouded from the United States. immigrants, they continued flowing but also the whole world at large. joint oil and gas exploration in the United States must overcome to in uncertainty. Since the summit Third, the situation in the Middle up to the border between Mexico Among the many issues that compli- South China Sea between China improve their relations. With the meeting between Kim Jong Un East and Afghanistan is far from and the United States. With more cate China-U.S. relations, three are and the Philippines in November passage of the Taiwan Travel Act and Donald Trump in Singapore stable. The Syrian civil war has caravan immigrants seeking shelter particularly important and worthy of 2018. However, despite all the in 2018, the Trump administra- in June, the tension in the Korean dragged on for more than eight years, and jobs meeting increased security closer observation. The first is the positive developments, the United tion is moving toward expanding Peninsula has abated greatly. The with still no end in sight. Given that measures and stricter anti-refugee trade issue. If China and the United States continued and even expanded official and military relations with Democratic People’s Republic of many regional powers like Israel, and immigration policies, a humani- States can reach a deal within 90 its freedom of navigation (FON) Taiwan. Given the sensitivity of the Korea (DPRK) not only ceased Turkey, and Iran are involved and tarian disaster along the U.S.-Mexico days as leaders of the two countries operations in the South China Sea. Taiwan issue in terms of national missile launches and nuclear tests, that the United States and Russia border seems not unlikely. agreed during their meeting in Looking ahead, the Trump adminis- sovereignty, any overtures involv- but also dismantled some of its test seem to be engaging in a new kind Argentina, they may find the requi- tration will likely continue its FONs ing elevating official and military sites and showed willingness and of proxy war, the situation on the site breathing space to continue to in the South China Sea, which will relations will be seen by China as determination for serious denucle- ground could turn ugly at any time The author is a professor with the Center work on other thorny issues affecting only aggravate mutual strategic an affront to its sovereignty that arization in favor of development of in 2019. Besides, with the Trump for American Studies at Fudan University.

24 VOLUME 847 CHINA PICTORIAL 25 FEATURES JAN · 2O19

the national carbon trading system. Examining root causes and seeking effective solutions, China’s commitment to promoting global green and low-carbon development and building a community with a shared Climate Crisis future for humanity has been recog- A Chilling Fate nized by many countries. China Text by Kely will continue to play an important role in South-South cooperation in The international community has paid close attention to China’s actions, in the hope that the country can the field of climate change. In the contribute Chinese experience, wisdom and fresh approaches to tackling global climate change. future, the international community will closely monitor China’s actions, in the hope that it will contribute Chinese experience, wisdom and n December 12, 2015, Gap Report released by the UN the increase in average global fresh approaches to tackling global the Paris Agreement was Environment delivered a jarring temperature to well below two climate change. adopted by consensus of wake-up call: Current national degrees Celsius above pre-industrial But we must keep in mind that nearly 200 state parties emission reduction commitments levels, commitments to emission the road to green development Oshowing great willingness to work are far from enough to meet the reduction need to be quadrupled remains arduous and long. Under together to protect the common climate target of 2030. The report from current levels. To limit the rise the Paris Agreement, no mechanism home of humankind. Just three years also stressed that to achieve the to 1.5 degrees Celsius, efforts would A polar bear prowls a barren landscape on the shores of Hudson Bay, Canada. As the Arctic forces any country to set a specific later, however, the ninth Emission Paris Agreement’s target of limiting need to increase five-fold. and sub-Arctic sea ice melts due to global warming, polar bears face long summers without target by a specific date. As severe fat reserves from seals. VCG consequences of climate change continue to emerge, how to allocate December 1, 2018: Climate change protesters demonstrate in London before the United Nations climate change conference is held in Poland. VCG Global carbon emissions more than 1.5 degrees Celsius above emission reduction tasks and continue to increase year by year, pre-industrial levels will lead to achieve a balance between climate and in 2018 the annual growth devastating climate consequences governance and national develop- rate reached an all-time high of after 2030. Only 12 years remain for ment is still an important issue that 2.7 percent. Global warming is decisive preventative action before urgently needs to be discussed by all no longer a theoretical predic- the planet becomes a greenhouse by countries. In any case, reduction of tion by scientists, but a harsh 2030. carbon emissions has become urgent reality. Unusually high tempera- Another noteworthy develop- and imminent. tures in the Arctic Circle above ment is that although countries “This new report makes it clearer 30 degrees Celsius have led to the that had looked to Washington than ever that we’re in the race thawing of the permafrost. Near to promote strong climate agree- of our lives,” declared Nathaniel Greenland, the Arctic’s thick- ments remain hesitant, China has Keohane, senior vice president est sheet of sea ice broke up for the shown strong determination to step of the Environmental Defense first time in thousands of years. up to the challenge, emphasizing Fund. “Our fate—and the fate of And the California wildfires in the the cost of carbon emissions and our children—is in our hands. We United States consumed vast swaths using carbon pricing as an import- can make decisions that protect of forests and pastures, resulting ant method of reducing emissions. our communities, our children in heavy casualties and economic China has successfully reduced coal and future generations, or we can losses. consumption for three consecutive pass on a world far different and Regardless of how long U.S. years. Through supportive policies, more damaged than the one we President Donald Trump continues sales of electric vehicles in the inherited.” to deny the consequences of rising country are also growing steadily. carbon emissions, the irreversible In recent years, China has damage to the planet will continue. constantly stressed “green devel- The Intergovernmental Panel on opment” by reducing demand for Climate Change has warned that coal-fired power, expanding the Kely is a freelance writer and the impacts of global warming of clean energy market and improving environmentalist.

26 VOLUME 847 CHINA PICTORIAL 27 FEATURES JAN · 2O19

services and promote application of AI technology in public administration, judicial management, Genuinely Smart AI urban management, environmen- Text by Huang Tiejun tal protection and other key sectors and areas in social governance. For China, the evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) should focus on developing intelligent chips and Responding to strong demands new-generation open-source AI platforms, accelerating the development of key generic theories and of economic and social develop- technologies for new-generation AI and building new intelligent machines such as brain-like machines. ment, China will capitalize on its advantages in massive data support and huge market application scale, actively innovate AI products and services and create a virtuous circle he development of AI in the current wave of AI development application of AI in key industries wherein scientific and technological

China will proceed from is to achieve real applications such and fields such as manufactur- innovation and industrial applica- December 12, 2018: Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba Group unveils its first “future hotel” three levels: intelligence as as face, speech and image recogni- ing, agriculture, logistics, finance, tion motivate each other. This is Flyzoo Hotel. The hotel is loaded with artificial intelligence, automating a series of procedures use, machinery as the body tion, which have been widely applied commerce and home appliances, an opportunity for China to use its including check-in. IC Tand learning as the soul. in many fields. In 2017, the State accelerate innovative applica- advantages to develop AI. Intelligence as use emphasizes Council of China issued a new-gen- tion of AI according to people’s Machinery is the body, which the functions, applications and eration AI development plan, needs for education, medical determines the level and perfor- wave of AI would not have occurred us that the origin of intelligence impact of AI. The key feature of proposing to promote large-scale care, senior care and other public mance of intelligence. The current without significant improve- is learning, especially interactions ments in computer performance. between the intelligent agent and December 26, 2018: An electric vehicle runs in the 30-meter-long tubenet transit system during a test run in Xiaoshan District of The rapid growth of intelligent the environment and other agents. Hangzhou City, eastern China’s hejiang Province. IC applications has created massive Through such a process, organ- demand for smart chips. Chinese isms develop natural intelligence, unicorn company Cambricon and and deep learning uses big data to tech giant Huawei both released train artificial neural networks to neural network processors in 2018, form computational intelligence. At and more chips are expected to the end of 2018, Google released a be unveiled soon. Unlike existing large-scale pre-training language artificial neural networks, neuro- model, the Bidirectional Encoder morphic computing is a precise Representations from Transformers, simulation of biological neural or BERT, which set performance networks, which is key to devel- records on 11 natural language oping the “real eBrain”—a brain- processing tasks. In the future, like machine. In the spring of 2018, after the successful development of Peking University developed a brain-like machines, it is also neces- retina-like chip that was 1,000 times sary to train AI in virtual or real faster than the human eye. Intel held environments to improve its intel- a Neuro Inspired Computational ligence and even upgrade to Strong Elements Workshop to system- AI. As we break new ground, China atically lay out neuromorphic should and will make greater contri- computing. For China, the evolution butions to the development of AI of AI should focus on developing worldwide. intelligent chips and new-generation open-source AI platforms, accelerating the development of key The author is the chair of the Department of Computer Science and Technology at generic theories and technologies for the School of Electronics Engineering and new-generation AI and building new Computer Science at Peking University intelligent machines such as brain- and the secretary-general of the New Generation Artificial Intelligence Industry like machines. Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance Learning as the soul reminds of China.

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Promoting Financial Reform Guo Shuqing In April 2018, the China Banking and Insurance Chairman of the China Banking and The Power of Reform Insurance Regulatory Commission We must resolutely Regulatory Commission was launched in Beijing, rendering obsolete the 15-year-old banking regula- Edited by Hu Zhoumeng & Wang Shuya combat all illegal tory commission and the 20-year-old insurance regulatory financial activi- commission. Guo Shuqing was appointed chairman of Harnessing the change brought by reform and innovation may be the best strategy to address ties trampling the the problems of our times. China’s new regulator of banking and insurance sectors. law, constantly Previously, he had served as head of China Securities Last year marked the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and opening up. Throughout 2018, the Chinese people enhance the public Regulatory Commission and the former banking regulatory continued carrying out political and economic reforms with an enterprising and innovative spirit to ride the wave of credibility of finan- commission. He is noted for determination to reform. Today, the times, with an aim to create a sound political landscape and a favorable economic environment. Facing changes cial regulators and the banking and insurance sectors are showing greater in the market and the impact of digitalization, Chinese enterprises worked hard to restructure and transform. endeavor to foster tendency to engage in deeper cooperation and integrated a sound financial development. Integrated oversight on the banking and insurance sectors became all but inevitable considering the global VCG ecosystem. trend of integrated operation of the financial industry.

China’s Top Legislative Body

Reform Pioneer Wang Shumao Wang Shumao is a senior fisherman in Tanmen Member of Discipline Inspection Committee of the Party Branch of In recent years, Village of Qionghai City, Hainan Province. He Tanmen Village China has attached first started fishing at the age of 18, accompany- ing his father. Later, he led villagers in constructing their great importance own sea-worthy fishing boats, which ultimately made them to ocean fishery, an wealthy. He has also contributed to fostering non-govern- integral facet of the mental forces to safeguard China’s territorial sovereignty maritime economy. and maritime rights on the South China Sea. The year The production 2018 marked the 30th birthday of Hainan Province as a environment special economic zone. Wang was the only representative and living condi- from Hainan among the 100 Chinese “reform pioneers” tions of fishermen nominated by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC). have substantially by Song Guoqiang improved.

A New Start Pony Ma In November 2018, Chinese internet giant Chairman and CEO of Tencent The central battle- Tencent celebrated its 20th birthday. The field of the mobile company not only operates WeChat and QQ, the country’s leading social networking and messaging portals, internet is shift- by Xu Xun but is also China’s most successful gaming producer. ing from the Tencent was once ranked as Asia’s most valuable company, Rule of Law consumer internet and Pony Ma once topped the Forbes magazine’s list of In March 2018, the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress (NPC), China’s top legislative body, to the industrial the richest people in China. In 2018, facing a slowdown adopted an amendment to the country’s Constitution. The first amendment to the Constitution in 14 years internet. of Tencent’s expansion, Ma launched a “strategy upgrade” marked a significant measure taken by China to comprehensively promote rule of law and advance the rooted in the consumer internet but reaching out to the modernization of its governance system and capacity. The session also adopted the Supervision Law of the People’s industrial internet while adjusting the company’s organiza- tional structure. Republic of China, a move which greatly deepened the reform of China’s national supervision system and acceler- IC ated legalization and standardization of the country’s anti-corruption efforts.

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All in AI Transforming Logistics Zhang Yaqin Baidu’s automatic driving open-source platform, Wang Wei In February 2018, Chinese logistics giant SF President of Baidu Inc. Founder and President of SF Express Alongside the Apollo, was named a “leading scientific and When exploring Express was approved to build an airport in accelerated technological achievement of the global internet a new realm, one Ezhou City, Hubei Province, becoming the first industry” at the World Internet Conference in November private express delivery company authorized to build a integration of the 2018. According to Zhang Yaqin, a total of 133 automo- must be prepared civil airport in the country. When completed, the airport physical world and bile-related companies including Daimler, Ford and Volvo to start over from is expected to become Asia’s largest air cargo logistics hub the digital world, are working with the Apollo platform. Already, Baidu Inc. scratch. and the world’s fourth largest. In August 2018, SF Express AI will provide has set up a clear-cut development framework for artificial formed a cold-chain logistics joint venture with U.S.-based more services for intelligence (AI) comprised of the Apollo platform and the HAVI Group. In addition to cold-chain logistics, SF mankind. family-oriented operating system DuerOS, among others. Express has also delved into fields like intra-city delivery The framework is backed by the company’s hybrid cloud and storage and shifted toward integrated logistics, offer-

platform ABC-STACK, with the Baidu Brain as the core. IC ing solutions for every step of the supply chain. VCG

Taking the Helm Internet of Things Champion Daniel Zhang In September 2018, Jack Ma, founder of Alibaba Wang Dongsheng Statistics from the market research company IHS CEO of Alibaba Founder and Chairman of BOE Doing any kind of Group, China’s leading e-commerce giant, show that in the first three quarters of 2018, BOE business should announced that the group’s CEO Daniel Zhang Technology Group Co., Ltd. ranked first in the would be appointed the new chairman of Alibaba. The world in the shipment of display products used heavily in be easy in the annual Singles’ Day shopping festival, overseen by Zhang Convenience, cost a broad spectrum of applications such as mobile phones, era of the digital for years, has become a global phenomenal online shopping performance and tablets, notebooks, monitors and television sets. With the economy. frenzy. During the 2018 Singles’ Day shopping spree, the safety are the three gradual saturation of the display market, Wang Dongsheng 10th installment of the event, Alibaba achieved record sales major values of the led BOE into the internet of things (IoT) industry, and its $ of 213.5 billion yuan (US 30.8 billion). The photo shows IoT. core business shifted toward display and sensor products. Daniel Zhang (center) interacting with Alibaba workers at It now focuses on all sorts of intelligent interfaces for IoT the media center in Shanghai on November 12, 2018. systems used in scenarios like retail, transport, daily life IC VCG and healthcare.

Future Cars Accelerated Digitalization Li Bin In September 2018, Chinese intelligent electric Liang Wengen The predecessor of SANY Group was a Founder and Chairman of NIO Chairman of SANY Group The intersection vehicle maker NIO was listed on the New York Facing the private township enterprise founded 30 of automatic Stock Exchange. Established four years ago, NIO digitalization tide years ago. Today, the group has grown has emerged as a frontrunner in China’s intelligent electric into China’s largest engineering machinery manufac- driving and vehicle market. It has released two mass-produced models: of engineering turer. In the first three quarters of 2018, its subsidiary, electric vehicles ES8 and ES6. Both the in-car intelligent AI system NOMI machinery and SANY Heavy Industry Co., Ltd., achieved revenues total- presents the and onboard NIO Pilot automatic driving system are manufacturing, ing 41.08 billion yuan (US$5.94 billion). Liang Wengen, most promising poised to redefine the driving experience. Li announced SANY Group the group’s chairman, has endeavored to upgrade SANY’s development that NIO would become more of a user-oriented company will either traditional business model. Through research and appli- for the future of seeking not only innovation in products and services, but fall or rise. cation of technologies concerning the industrial internet, the automobile also aiming to create a user community connected by the the group’s intelligent workshops have designed smart “internet of cars.” VCG assembly lines featuring high-degree flexible produc- VCG industry. tion and discrete manufacturing, with per capita working efficiency increasing by 400 percent and per capita output increasing by 24 percent.

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villages or counties undergo this Since the implementation of updated mechanisms of poverty Since the establishment of the evaluation before being taken off targeted poverty alleviation in alleviation. To reach its goal, the Nyima rug-processing cooperative in Nyangdoi Township, southwestern the list to ensure the quality of China in 2013, the number of pover- Chinese government will develop China’s Tibet Autonomous Region the poverty eradication program. ty-stricken people in rural areas has new tools for poverty eradication in August 201, it has evolved toward the goal of facilitating long- However, during the process of decreased dramatically, leaving only by promoting ecological conser- term development for both the cooperative and impoverished fighting poverty, manipulation of about 20 million in need of help vation, exploring assets income farmers. by Guo Shasha data and false reporting still exist, over the next two years. and improving the employ- and even when people are success- Although the remaining impov- ment situation. fully lifted out of poverty, they may erished are relatively few, they are Although absolute poverty has fall back again. some of the hardest to be lifted out been eliminated in many areas To prevent the proliferation of of poverty because so many live in through targeted poverty allevia- fraudulent poverty alleviation, a deeply impoverished areas, namely tion, some areas are still developing strict responsibility system has been the “three geographical areas and slowly, and local people are still adopted for poverty delisting evalu- three autonomous prefectures” as struggling with poverty even ation. Governments at all levels the Chinese government has noted. when basic needs like food, cloth- are held to the strictest standards These areas are primarily located in ing, compulsory education, basic during evaluations and assessments minority areas of Tibet and Xinjiang medical care and housing have of poverty delisting. Furthermore, Uygur autonomous regions as well been met. Thus, following the social supervision and third-party as Sichuan and Yunnan provinces. targeted poverty alleviation drive, evaluation mechanisms have also These areas are mostly cold, the Chinese government introduced greatly reduced the incidence of remote mountainous regions or the rural vitalization strategy and faked poverty alleviation reports. drought-stricken areas with poor outlined an aim to promote sound To effectively prevent relapse geographical conditions and limited integration of the two strategies. into poverty, the Chinese govern- natural resources, making industrial Vitalization of impoverished ment has clearly announced that development particularly difficult. rural areas should continue the support policies for impoverished Furthermore, most of these places policy of promoting industrial people remain unchanged even after are heavily inhabited by people from development to further consoli- they escape poverty. The govern- ethnic minorities with lower educa- date local industrial bases while ment must ensure that the income tion levels, and their long-term protecting the ecological environ- growth rate of impoverished house- struggles with poverty have exacer- ment to improve living conditions holds is higher than the average level bated their available resources and and enhance rural social gover- of local farmers. diminished their confidence. nance. Thus, in a sense, the rural Poverty evaluation mechanisms Therefore, over the next two vitalization strategy involves insti- Alleviation Becomes involve not only delisting impov- years, the central battlefield of tutionalizing the most effective and erished households, villages and China’s poverty alleviation efforts successful mechanisms for targeted counties, but also the systematic will shift to the deeply impov- poverty alleviation. Vitalization inspection and promotion of the erished areas, which require not In the next two years, China will Text by Wang Xiaoyi quality of poverty alleviation. only greater resources but also focus on poverty delisting, poverty alleviation of deeply impoverished Achieving high-quality poverty alleviation, solving profound poverty problems and integrating with rural areas and vitalization of pover- vitalization are the primary goals of China’s poverty alleviation efforts over the next two years. ty-stricken rural areas, which will be advanced and integrated to achieve more coordinated and sustainable development in poverty-stricken he goal of helping the entire and villages falling off the list, the Since 2018, targeted poverty regions. impoverished population focus of targeted poverty allevia- alleviation has reached a period in escape poverty accord- tion in China has gradually shifted which large numbers of poor house- ing to the current standard to ensuring high-quality growth, holds, villages and counties are by 2020 has reached its final two eradicating absolute poverty and being removed from the country’s The author is a research fellow at the T Institute of Sociology and director of the years. With more and more impov- realizing sound integration between poverty list. The delisting mecha- Thanks to the targeted poverty alleviation policy, many new houses have been built in Center for Rural Environmental Social erished people rising out of poverty targeted poverty alleviation and nism includes a strict evaluation Luohandong Township of Jingchuan County, Gansu Province. The exterior wall of this house Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social bears a painted slogan, which says that targeted poverty alleviation addresses the root causes Sciences. and many poverty-stricken counties rural vitalization. system, and all poor households, of poverty and boosts construction of a moderately prosperous society in all respects. VCG

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China Sticks to Win-Win Cooperation Despite Uncertainty Text by Yang Chenxi

In 2019, China will continue to promote peaceful cooperation and win-win development despite an increasingly complicated international situation.

he People’s Republic of parties to promote construction of a second Belt and Road Forum for China will celebrate the 70th community with a shared future for International Cooperation (BRF) anniversary of its founding humanity and a new type of inter- and the second China International in 2019. Although peace- national relations to make greater Import Expo (CIIE) are key diplo- ful cooperation has dominated the contributions to world peace, devel- matic events on China’s 2019 T September 4, 2018: The roundtable meeting of the 2018 Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation FOCAC is held at the Great global trend, the international situa- opment, prosperity and progress. calendar. The events are expected Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China. The Beijing Declaration Toward an Even Stronger China-Africa Community with a Shared tion and major-country relations China will adhere to opening up to accelerate China’s pace of further Future and the FOCAC Beijing Action Plan 2019-2021 were adopted at the forum. by Wan Quan are becoming increasingly compli- and cooperation for mutual benefits opening up and contribute to the cated. China will work with all and win-win development. The world’s peaceful development. Over the past five years, the Belt and and unilateralism, strengthen- through stronger trade and people- cooperation, mutual benefits, Road Initiative has given birth to ing the international order and to-people exchange. Their bilateral win-win development and diver- abundant fruits. From the China- system with the United Nations at ties will remain strong. China- gence control. We have seen plenty Pakistan Economic Corridor to the core and a rule-based multilat- Europe relations have also shown of room in third-party markets the China-Myanmar Economic eral free trade system. China will good signs of progress in negotia- for the two countries to expand Corridor, from the China-Laos safeguard the authority of the World tions on their investment agreement cooperation. Consensus reached at railway to China-Europe freight Trade Organization (WTO) while as cooperation has prevailed. In the Beijing Summit of the Forum trains and from Piraeus Port in properly addressing WTO reforms 2019, China will also seek deeper on China-Africa Cooperation Greece to Hambantota Port in Sri and protecting the rights of develop- cooperation with neighboring (FOCAC), the Forum of China and Lanka, key projects under the Belt ing countries. and developing countries. China the Community of Latin American and Road Initiative are advanc- China will actively develop aims to ease Korean Peninsula and Caribbean States, and the ing steadily. The BRF will deepen friendly relations with other tensions and deepen coopera- China-Arab States Cooperation strategic coordination between countries and regions. In 2018, tion in Northeast Asia. The China- Forum will soon transform into China and other countries and trade friction between China ASEAN strategic partnership is joint actions. Dialogue and joint regions, and the CIIE will demon- and the United States increased. maturing as peace, development and efforts of China and other develop- strate China’s commitment to On this issue, China will firmly cooperation dominate the regional ing countries create benefits across further opening up and building an defend its national dignity, core agenda. China will actively imple- Asia, Africa and Latin America. open world economy. interests and right to development outcomes of the Shanghai China will promote a fairer ment. China will work to improve Cooperation Organization (SCO) and more reasonable global gover- China-U.S. relations on the basis Qingdao Summit and strengthen its nance system. In the face of chaos in of mutual respect, mutual trust and ties with Central Asian countries. global governance, China has upheld finding equal footing. As for the China-India relations are moving The author is an assistant research fellow From November to 10, 2018, the first China International Import Expo CIIE was held at at the Department for International and the National Exhibition and Convention Center in Shanghai. The CIIE attracted more than the banner of globalization and China-Russia relationship, practi- along the paths paved by leaders of Strategic Studies, China Institute of 400,000 purchasers and 3,600 companies from around the world. by Chen Jian resisted all forms of protectionism cal cooperation has been enhanced the two countries toward peaceful International Studies (CIIS).

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InnovationEdited by Zhao Yue & Zhou Xin Pioneers

The year 2018 witnessed remarkable Chinese achievements and innovation breakthroughs in various realms. From completion of the longest bridge in the world to automatic driving, from the world’s first cloned macaques to regener- Blue Chips ating human lung tissue, many world-class innovators have spared every effort as of late to create for the development Chen Yunji On May 3, 2018, Cambricon of the country and the world at large. Comparing tailor-made Technologies and its 35-year-old AI chips to generic co-founder, Professor Chen Yunji of the CAS, unveiled China’s first cloud AI chips is like comparing chip—MLU100—in Shanghai. The MLU100 Sun Qiang & We overcame Cloned Macaques kitchen knives to Swiss is noted for its accurate and fast big data many failures. We In January 2018, China announced the first Army knives. Although processing ability, especially in image and Liu Zhen knew that each failure successful cloning of macaques from somatic Swiss Army knives have voice search methods. According to the CAS, helped rule out a wrong cells. The macaques were created by a team many functions, they this cloud AI chip is capable of completing led by Sun Qiang (left), director of China’s non-hu- complicated cloud intelligence tasks and also method and kept moving Courtesy of Institute of Computing Technol- are terrible for the task man-primate research facility under the Chinese ogy, Chinese Academy of Sciences supports “deep learning”—neural networks to find the solution . of chopping meat. Academy of Sciences (CAS), and Liu Zhen, a postdoc- that mimic human learning. —Liu Zhen toral fellow. They spent three years overcoming In 2016, Chen’s company released its biological difficulties and optimizing procedures and Cambricon-1A chip, the world’s first commercial-use processor for advanced learning, which is now widely practices. Cloning non-human primates has long been deployed in robotics, drones, autonomous vehicles and consumer electronics. The release of MLU100 is expected to regarded as impossible based on existing technologies. solidify the unicorn’s leading position in a niche segment of the capital-intensive chip sector. Xinhua This victory positions China as a pioneer of medical research using cloned macaques as animal models.

Discovering Life Zuo Wei Regenerative Genius Mee-Mann On March 22, 82-year-old Chinese scien- On February 8, 2018, 34-year-old Professor Zuo Wei from the School Chang My work explores tist Mee-Mann Chang was awarded the Both patients and 2018 UNESCO Women in Science Award researchers need of Medicine of Shanghai-based Tongji fundamental University announced that his research team had in Paris. Chang, a paleontologist at the Institute of great courage to questions about who regenerated human lung tissue in a patient using Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology step up and test we are and where we under the CAS, was nominated for “her pioneer- that patient’s own stem cells in a clinical trial, new therapeutic came from. ing work on fossil records leading to insights on the first time the strategy had been successfully how aquatic vertebrates adapted to life and land,” strategies. The deployed worldwide. After obtaining dozens of according to the UNESCO statement. During the good news now is stem cells by brushing the patient’s lungs, research- professor’s long career examining fish fossils, she that the strategy ers multiplied the cells into tens of millions in a lab, discovered some of mankind’s earliest ancestors. looks quite and then transplanted them into the damaged part of the patient’s lungs. Although such transplants Xinhua She is the fifth female Chinese scientist to receive promising. this award in its 20-year history of celebrating the are not suitable for all kinds of lung diseases, Zuo’s achievements of female scientists around the world. Courtesy of Zuo Wei research team research brought the revival of human organs out of the lab and into clinical application.

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Powering New Retail Amphibious Aircraft Hou Yi In late March of 2018, Hema CEO and Huang Lingcai China’s independently developed large I believe that founder Hou Yi announced that his company, We are still far amphibious aircraft, the AG600, completed which serves as the prototype for Alibaba its first high-speed water taxiing on October with the help of behind the leading Group’s New Retail concept, would launch 24-hour 1, 2018. Designed to be the world’s largest amphibious the internet and delivery service in Beijing and Shanghai since April. countries. We have aircraft, the AG600 is powered by four domestically new technologies, The new service aligns closely with Hema’s efforts to forgo sleep, so built turboprop engines and has a range of 12 hours. every industry will to realize its new “three-kilometer ideal commu- we can work harder Huang Lingcai is the chief designer of the aircraft. give birth to new nity” goal, which includes integration of technologies to catch up with Huang’s family moved around with him several times commercial values and other services to pinpoint consumer needs. them. due to the project’s requirements. During his busiest and lifestyles to Representing a new consumption trend in China, VCG stretches, Huang worked for nearly 20 hours per day. Hema allows both in-store and online shopping meet various new experiences. It benefits from huge online traffic social demands. derived from Alibaba’s 500 million-plus monthly active users as well as data analytics necessary to Courtesy of Hema Su Quanke Connecting Hong Kong, Zhuhai and determine customers’ shopping preferences, making Macao marketing more precise and effective. The quantity of On October 23, 2018, Chinese President Xi experiments we Jinping announced the opening of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) at a launch carried out in the Navigating Automatic Driving ceremony in the city of Zhuhai, Guangdong Province. James Peng Self-driving vehicle company Pony.ai, process of building The 55-kilometer bridge, built by a team led by Su HZMB is definitely Today, making co-founded by its CEO James Peng, Quanke, chief engineer of the HZMB Authority, is the announced in July 2018 that it had secured the most in Chinese machines drive for first of its kind in the world and a game-changer for Beijing’s T3 autonomous vehicle testing license, making bridge engineering Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao—a project to people is already it the first startup to do so. The T3 license is the highest- history. And this jointly build supergiant cross-sea traffic infrastructure easy. However, level road test license that China has issued so far. was a remarkable under the principle of “one country, two systems.” as we transform Qualifying for a T3 license resembles getting a driver’s feat of engineering Born in 1962, Su has been working on the bridge automatic driving license because they both require a series of tests. The project since 2004. During the long development globally. technology into year 2018 witnessed accelerated development of AI in Xinhua process, the chief engineer led a grand team of 50,000 products, ensuring China. Automatic driving is a key field for AI projects. construction workers and engineers and convened passengers’ safety Since Pony.ai was established in 2016, R&D centers have nearly 1,000 meetings to discuss technical feasibility. already been organized in Silicon Valley, Beijing, and should be the top IC Guangzhou so far, manned by a team of more than 130 priority. top skilled professionals from China and beyond. Sun Zezhou Mission to the Far Side of the Moon The more difficult China’s Chang’e-4 lunar probe was the path ahead, launched in the early hours of December Flying High 8, 2018, bound for what is expected to be the first soft Frank Wang Tao the more I want to Pursuing In early July of 2018, the Institute of Electrical landing on the far side of the moon. The launch is a fame is not on and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the try it. key step for China in realizing its goal of becoming the my agenda or my world’s largest technical professional society, first country to send a probe to soft-land on and explore announced that it would award Frank Wang Tao, company’s. I want the far side of the moon. Born in 1970, Sun Zezhou is founder and CEO of Chinese drone manufacturer the chief designer of the Chang’e-4 probe. Due to his my company to keep DJI Innovations, the IEEE Robotics and Automation a low profile in most outstanding knowledge and coordinating abilities, Sun Award, one of the world’s most important awards in was appointed chief designer of Chang’e-3 probe in 2008 circumstances and the field of engineering technology. DJI Innovations while he was still in his 30s. He was then the young- only communicate received the award for its outstanding contributions to est chief designer in China’s space program. He has his the development and commercialization of consumer with the media VCG unique management style. According to his policy, the through our drones, imaging technology and robotics technology. results of inspections should all be documented. No tiny Xinhua products. problems or confusions can be neglected.

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deeper level and promote improved A diagram of the lander bottom right, understanding of the climate, rover bottom left, and a relay satellite named geology and resources of Mars to Queiao Magpie further study the origin and evolu- Bridge for Chang’e-4 lunar probe. In August tion of life on Earth. China will 2018, China unveiled its launch its first Mars probe in 2020, moon lander and rover for the Chang’e-4 lunar which is expected to orbit, land mission. courtesy of and release a rover on Mars after Shenzhou Media it reaches the Red Planet in 2021. Completing the three tasks of orbit- China’s Amazing ing, landing, and releasing a rover in just one launch is unprecedented in the history of Mars exploration. Deep Space Asteroid exploration is another hot spot in 2019 for China’s deep space exploration. Asteroids are minor celestial bodies. Many are Exploration thought to be remnants of the Text by Pang Zhihao substances created during the formation of the solar system. Thus, In the not-so-distant future, casually visiting the moon or Mars exploring the asteroids may provide may no longer be the stuff of science fiction. more information on the formation of the solar system and help humans find new resources and energy. Currently, Chinese scientists have umans are born explor- it could serve as an ideal base and already developed a plan for aster- ers. The moment we outpost for human development in oid exploration. The strategy is to fly began walking upright, deep space. When China launched a probe near an asteroid, move along- we started working hard its lunar program in 2004, it was side it for a period, and finally land Hto understand the world around us, named Chang’e after the Chinese on one to conduct sampling analysis which enabled us to build civiliza- goddess of the moon. The project of the surface and take samples back tions. Aside from practical reasons, adopted a three-step development to Earth. Scientists aim to conduct mankind’s innate exploratory nature strategy: reaching lunar orbit, landing research on near-Earth asteroids has propelled the development of and roving on the moon and a lunar as a whole and analyze some desig- deep space exploration. sample return mission. Each step nated areas. Deep space exploration involves builds on the outcomes of the previ- China cannot and will not stop both exploration of the solar system ous, compiling a deeper foundation deep space exploration. Aerospace and outer space. In China, all space for future work. China has already experts have predicted that the exploration activities on celestial completed the first and second country will conduct its first bodies outside Earth are collectively steps. Around 2020, the Chang’e-5, manned lunar landing around 2030 called deep space exploration. At China’s first sample return mission, and its first manned Mars landing present, China is developing its moon is expected to bring at least two around 2050. One day in the future, and Mars missions and starting to kilograms of lunar soil and rock casually visiting the moon or Mars prove feasibility of follow-up deep samples back to Earth. The program may no longer be the stuff of space exploration missions. In 2019, aims to lay the foundation for a science fiction. China will continue to accelerate its future manned lunar landing. space exploration in various aspects. Mars is the most similar and the China’s space exploration began second closest planet to Earth in the with a lunar mission. The closest solar system. It is now also the most The author is chief science popularization celestial body to Earth, the moon is studied planet by humans aside from expert on space exploration technology at the China Association for Science and rich in resources and energy, and has Earth. In 2019, China will continue Technology and a former researcher with a special environment. Furthermore, its Mars exploration activities at a the China Academy of Space Technology.

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July 11, 2018: A researcher at the Hefei-based National Gene Center. Gene Editing Gene technologies have witnessed impressive development in China in recent years. VCG with an Abundance of Caution Text by Han Song Too many “horrible” technologies already exist in the world. We can never be too cautious when unleashing new technologies. March 28, 2018: A group photo of Chinese scientists at Jinan November 29, 2018: A medical professional works on cultivating embryos University in Guangzhou who established a pig model of for test-tube babies at Shanxi Provincial Reproductive Institute. With Huntington’s disease HD, an inherited neurodegenerative disease, great care, gene editing could become safer in the future. IC using genetic engineering technology. Xinhua

big story broke at the and an honorary council member new life forms which had never before happened much earlier than most existed when I was born, I might effects might be minimized. end of 2018 when He of the China Science Writers existed on the planet. In 2010, U.S. scientists expected. have been able to benefit from it— Over the past few decades, Jiankui, a biological Association, published a book series scientists created a new species of Third, users of gene-edit- even if technology could cause other humans have invented several researcher and associ- titled Trilogy of Life in 2016. By bacteria in labs. Since then, theoret- ing technology can never be too unforeseeable changes. technologies that could lead to our Aate professor at Shenzhen-based authoring the three books, Natural ically speaking, artificial life has cautious. Life science presents But those feelings are purely total destruction such as nuclear Southern University of Science and Evolution, Artificial Evolution and already been a reality. humans with risks as well as personal. Considering that edited energy, nanotechnology and Technology, announced that he was Biosynthesis, Dong reached at least Second, the manipulation of Earth opportunities. The unknowns far genes may be passed along into the synthetic biology, just to name a few. the first person in the world to edit three conclusions. life has been realized even sooner outnumber the knowns. Satisfactory human gene pool, deploying gene In the eyes of science fiction writers, the genes of embryos that became First, manipulating life seems an than many expected. Before Dolly answers have yet to emerge for many editing without constraints seems gene editing is just another entry live babies. Voicing strong opposi- inevitable trend. The evolution of the Sheep—the first mammal cloned questions related to gene editing. like a horrible idea. However, there on a constantly expanding black- tion and condemnation alongside early life forms occurred naturally from an adult somatic cell using the This is the key reason people need are many people with medical list. A lot of “horrible” technologies experts from many other realms, in the wild. Early on, human beings process of nuclear transfer—was to handle the technology with concerns like mine. Many are already exist in the world. We can professionals from science fiction began to interfere with the natural born in 1996, worldwide biologists great care. consumed by deadly genetic diseases never be too cautious when develop- circles were hardly surprised: evolution process. A deeper under- considered cloning impossible in the I was outraged when I saw the that are much more serious than ing more of them. Gene-edited humans have been a standing of cells enabled people to scientific and technological condi- news about the genetically edited asthma. Where there is a need, there popular topic in science fiction for clone animals and plants, and even tions of the time. They believed that babies. But at the same time, I was is a market. And a market creates quite some time. create test-tube babies. After decoding relevant breakthroughs wouldn’t struck with complex emotions. I motivating forces. With this in A well-known science fiction writer, the Dong Renwei, a renowned sci-fi the secrets of DNA, the development come until the mid-21st century. Once have been plagued and tortured by mind, one can see how gene editing author serves as the deputy director of the foreign news editorial department writer with a master’s degree in of gene-editing technology has given again, the birth of genetically edited hereditary asthma since childhood. could become safer in the future, and the central news center of Xinhua cytology from Sichuan University humans the ability to “synthesize” Chinese babies at the end of 2018 If the gene-editing technology had and worries about unintended News Agency.

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lthough the concept of a smart home has long existed in Europe and Smarter Homes for the the United States, most AChinese people knew nothing about the idea until the early 21st century. In general, a smart home Intelligent Age is a system that connects various Text by Zhu Liang devices in a house through Internet of Things (IoT) technology to As big data continues expanding and new technologies emerge, China’s smart home industry is moving achieve efficient management of toward the IoT era based on AI technology. both residential facilities and household maintenance. After nearly two decades of development, the current Chinese industrial chain for smart homes September , 2018: Intelligent sound boxes on display at the Shanghai International Smart has matured. As big data continues Home Exhibition 2018 attract many spectators. by Fang heXinhua producing more and more benefits and new technologies emerge one after another, China’s smart home intelligently. Smart household appli- appliances based on the residents’ industry is moving toward the IoT ances are just the start: A mopping schedules without remote control era based on artificial intelligence robot can collect information on the or fixed-point control by humans. (AI) technology. Looking to 2019, indoor environment and air quality When a security problem occurs, a the development of smart homes to formulate and update clean- full smart home will alert the home in China is expected to exhibit the ing plans. Smart refrigerators can owners, identify the intruder, turn following features: monitor the shelf life of foods in off the lights, lock the door, and call AI will become the new them and automatically generate the police automatically. backbone of smart homes. Many in menus. Intelligent air-condition- The consumer market will the industry expect 2019 to be the ers can connect to smart watches embrace an impressive growth in year of AI technology. Research and adjust their output according 2019. The future of smart homes and development of increasing to users’ health conditions. These depends on the consumer market, numbers of products will harness AI products, which sound as if they not the originally targeted corpo- technology. Supported by technol- came from sci-fi movies, are becom- rate customers. This trend will ogies including big data and cloud ing realities in labs, on production gain more steam in 2019. In recent computing, products will become lines, and on online and offline years, smart products such as smarter and serve people more sales platforms in China and around intelligent locks and smart sound the world. boxes have witnessed rising usage “Full smart homes” are expected among Chinese customers, which to enjoy explosive development has increased confidence through- in China in 2019. A “full smart out the industry. The true reason home” refers to a package of smart behind the rise of smart products solutions for the whole house, which in the consumer market is the will be realized through the applica- surge of consumer demand as tion of AI technology. A full smart China welcomes a major consump- home should be the digital equiv- tion upgrade. alent of a housekeeper. Through the connectivity of various smart products, it learns the habits of the people living in the house and October 9, 2018: During the 2018 Mass gets to know their daily routines in Entrepreneurship and Innovation Week in The author is executive editor-in-chief of November , 2018: Chairman and CEO of Xiaomi Technology Lei Jun introduces Xiaomi AI Open Platform for smart homes at the th World Chengdu, a family robot receives a warm order to better serve. For example, the journal Smart Home, which focuses on Internet Conference in Wuzhen, hejiang Province. IC welcome from kids. IC it automatically turns on and off market research of the industry.

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November 1, 2018: Visitors take a photo with a board promoting the blockchain 2019: A New Link sector at the Beijing International Finance for Blockchain Expo 2018. IC Text by Zhao Sheng & Chen Yun

The tokenization or encryption of global assets presents a massive opportunity. This is a completely untapped realm wherein blockchain and tokens could ignite the real economy.

ast year was dramatic for retreated, and the value of digital application of blockchain in 2019. and so on. Tokens are certificates that do not exist. Weak control of preparation of legal opinion, pricing blockchain. Many compa- coins plummeted. We should STO is the concept of financing for such rights. Equity securities the asset pool can trigger bond and issuing, and other measures. nies and industries became reflect on what the blockchain through securitization of tokens. must be recorded in a certain form. defaults. And bad auditing and With the development of blockchain enthusiastic about applying technology brought and what to An equity security refers to owner- Certificates have now been trans- ratings aggravate the situation. technology and smart contracts, Lthe technology. And the exchange expect for it in 2019. ship of assets such as stock shares, formed from paper to digital form, We saw the consequences with the process could be stream- of tokens is regarded as a major After visiting Wall Street and real estate, funds and works of art. rendering obsolete the account the American subprime mortgage lined and far more economical if evolution that could overturn Silicon Valley to discuss blockchain Securities usually offer various kinds books of traditional exchange crisis in 2007 and subsequent global smart technology is employed, thus the corporate system. But a lot of trends with many professionals, of financial rights including sharing brokers. The technology seems to be financial crisis of 2008. Although cutting the costs of IPO, clear- bubbles burst as well. Regulation we believe that the security token profits, stock shares, stock dividend, headed to a higher-level digital form regulators around the world tight- ing, settlement and management was strengthened, investors offering (STO) will be the major right to vote, right for redemption, like encrypted digital books based ened control and transparency has of a listed company. For example, on the blockchain technology. increased, ultimately the change has some processes of financial audit- The total value of global stock led to a more complicated process of ing can be deployed on a blockchain shares is about US$70 trillion, debt securitization. through a smart contract. Reports over US$100 trillion, and real estate Security tokens will make asset can be generated automatically onto around US$230 trillion. The tokeni- offering smarter. Generally, the the smart contract from uploaded zation or encryption of global assets process of making an initial public data which were previously not on presents a huge opportunity. This is offering (IPO) includes company the blockchain. This enables inves- an untapped realm wherein block- restructuring and establishment of tors to check the authentic financial chain and tokens can empower the a joint stock company, due diligence status of the company in real time. real economy. and counseling, financial auditing, Moreover, security tokens are Asset securitization is tradition- easier to regulate and conducive to ally a slow process during which faster flow of capital around the detailed auditing of the asset pool world. It can help improve assets and and agreements is required. Despite facilitate access to capital worldwide. information asymmetry, input from Security tokens can also go public all parties is needed. Preparation for for a considerably lower price. the whole transaction can last from Today, there are over 20,000 six months to as long as a year. And distributors waiting for STO. When the cost of the transaction can be will the hero of the digital financial very high, which dampens enthu- market arrive? Let’s wait and see. siasm for organizing. Meanwhile, a lack of transparency during the

process of asset securitization influ- Zhao Sheng is the founder of the Singapore-based World Blockchain Forum ences the accuracy of risk evaluation June 2, 2018: Chinese online payment and generates loopholes for fraud company Ant Financial launches the world’s (WBF) Exchange and the New York-based Digital USD, and Chen Yun is dean of the A panel discussion at the Blockshow Europe 2018, held from May 28 to 29 in Berlin, Germany. Professionals from around the world discuss the such as multiple mortgages on a first blockchain-based e-wallet cross-border application and future of blockchain. by Yan FengXinhua remittance service in Hong Kong. Institute of Token of WBF and the founder single asset or leveraging assets by Qin QingXinhua of Juxiang Capital.

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Master Sculptor Wu Weishan Wu Weishan, curator of the National Contemporary art plays Art Museum of China, is considered one of the world’s most influential a critical role in easing sculptors. Wu initiated modern Chinese expres- cross-cultural conflict through sive sculpture with the “Theory of Expressive its advantages in strengthen- Sculpture” and “Theory of Eight Major Styles ing mutual understanding of of Traditional Chinese Sculpture,” which have cultural differences, promot- become scripture for modern Chinese sculp- ing communication and tors. His works are displayed in 20 countries and regions including Brazil, Germany and Belarus. Courtesy of National Art enhancing coordination. We Museum of China should actively seize the In 2018, Wu became an academician with the French Academy of Fine Arts, one of the world’s Chinese Cultural opportunity to bring contem- most renowned and time-honored art institutes. porary Chinese art to the Torchbearers global stage. Edited by Li Zhuoxi & Yin Xing Philosophy for Today Sun Zhouxing Born in 1963, Sun Zhouxing is a Philosophy is one of the philosopher and translator. He served most helpful disciplines as editor-in-chief of the 30-volume Heidegger Anthologie, which was published in Culture nourishes hearts and minds. A handful of people stood out as Chinese cultural for China to cultivate June 2018. The series heavily supplemented icons of 2018 through their achievements in various realms that shared the nation’s independent, uncon- Chinese-language literature on German philos- cultural landscape, philosophy and athletic spirit with the world. strained and imaginative opher Martin Heidegger. Sun has been devoted thinking. Such abilities to translating Heidegger’s works in a unique are what young Chinese style since the 1990s, and his translations have need most. deeply impacted Chinese intellectuals. He Courtesy of Tongji University promotes academic dignity by creating works considered spiritual treasures of the era.

Photographing Nature Xi Zhinong Over more than three decades, Chinese photog- In China today, rapher Xi Zhinong has focused his lens on Restorative Art the wild animals of China such as the Yunnan Li Yunhe nobody starves Li Yunhe, 86, is one of the most experienced fresco snub-nosed monkey and the Tibetan antelope to promote Cultural relics restorers in Dunhuang, in western China’s Gansu without the flesh the protection of their habitats by showing the hardships can’t talk, but they Province. Li has been devoted to protecting cultural of wild animals, the endangered species endure. Xi won the Gerald Durrell relics in the Mogao Caves since 1956 and once served as and nobody needs Award for Endangered Wildlife with an image of a Yunnan have life. Without deputy director of the Preservation Institute at Dunhuang love and awe for fur to avoid freez- snub-nosed monkey at the annual Wildlife Photography Academy. Over more than six decades, Li restored over ing. We have Contest. He was listed as one of the world’s 40 most the relics, one will 4,000 square meters of murals and more than 500 statues. influential nature photographers by Britain’s Outdoor never be a great His research achievement in fresco preservation laid the no excuse to Photography magazine in 2010. Xi is also the only Chinese restorer. foundation for the Dunhuang Academy to become one of Courtesy of Wild China Film consume wild animals. member of the International League of Conservation the most authoritative organizations in fresco restoration Photographers. At the end of 2018, he was elected a jury in China. by Li Cheng/Dunhuang Academy member for the World Press Photo Contest.

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Liu Qing Epic Northeastern Wen Muye Director of Dying to Survive China Stories In 2018, the movie Dying to Survive, Wen The past century has Born in the late 1960s, Liu Qing won I want to make Muye’s directorial debut, swept through deeply shaped the the “Dream of the Red Chamber warm and touching China’s movie theaters. The film amassed box office revenues of over three billion yuan personality and culture Award: The World’s Distinguished Novel in movies so that (US$435 million) and earned more than nine out of northeasterners in Chinese” in 2018 for his lengthy novel History people have the Through Words. Liu spent 15 years authoring of 10 points on the film rating site Douban.com. China. The relics of history courage to face the 540,000-word book that patches together a The film depicting leukemia patients is consid- across the century remind difficulties in life ered a trendsetter for realistic Chinese movies. century of memories of China’s northeastern- with hope in their us where we come from ers from the perspective of shamans to weave a It won the award for best screenplay at the 14th hearts. and where we should go, tapestry of social norms and conduct in north- Changchun Film Festival and Best New Director Courtesy of Hong Kong bridging the past and the eastern China. and Best Original Screenplay at the 55th Golden Baptist University IC present. Horse Awards. Wen is “born to be a director” in the eyes of many film industry veterans.

Pema Tseden Pioneer of Tibetan-language Film Founder of Douyu TV [图片] The texture, detail In 2018, Pema Tseden’s feature film Chen Shaojie Chen Shaojie, founder and CEO of Jinpa won the Orizzonti Award for and atmosphere of A public live broadcast Douyu TV, a public live broadcast Best Screenplay at the 75th Venice International a movie can only platform like Douyu platform, has explored new patterns of be felt on cinema Film Festival. Pema Tseden is known as a content generation by launching “live+” and intro- representative figure of the new generation of TV should shoulder screens. Tibetan- the responsibility of ducing a “Positive Energy” sector covering topics Tibetan filmmakers and a pioneer of Tibetan- ranging from public welfare, poverty alleviation language films spreading Chinese language film. His work details Tibetan life and and healthcare to police and government service. culture, communicating still have a long enhances public awareness of Tibetan culture Douyu TV was honored as the “Most Innovative way to go. and the lives of Tibetans. China’s voice and Program for Public Welfare” at the 2018 Corporate VCG exhibiting China’s Social Responsibility Annual Meeting. image. IC

Founder of iTutor Group Eric Yang A pioneer and reformer of online education, Eric Yang, founder, chair- Wu Dajing Spokesman for I hope someday Winter Sports Confucius’ vision from man and CEO of iTutor Group, established the unicorn company with a new The golden days for Wu Dajing won China’s first 2,500 years ago will online education system. He advocates distrib- China to develop Olympic gold medal in men’s short track speed skating when he broke the finally come true: uting high-quality courses to third- and fourth- winter sports arrived Educational access for record in men’s 500-meter short track speed tier cities to give students in less-developed after Beijing won the all and students taught skating at the PyeongChang 2018 Winter regions access to high-quality educational bid to host the 2022 according to their resources with the help of technology. In 2018, Olympic Games. At the 2018-19 Short Track Yang was honored as a “Leader in China’s Winter Olympics. Speed Skating World Cup in Salt Lake City, Wu abilities. took the crown again with a new world record. VCG Online Education.” This is also what Chinese winter sports As one of the winter sports ambassadors for the athletes have been 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, he has spared no VCG efforts to promote winter sports and wants to dreaming about. ensure their popularity continues.

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Guangzhou to third- and fourth- Muye as his feature film debut. industry rookies: It proved that new tier cities and even rural counties. Along with other post-80s direc- directors can be trusted by produc- Reports have calculated that about tors, Wen is part of a new generation ers to flex their talents by directing Down-to-Earth Movies 200 million new moviegoers bought of directors cultivated by market commercially viable films with a Text by Sun Jiashan movie tickets in 2017. competition after the reform of the decent budget. The features of these new viewers cinema chain system. Wen’s commer- The success of so many down-to- are also very distinct. They are cial success will inspire more young earth feature films in 2018 was driven known as the “7966 group” because directors to grow up from small and not only by the accumulation of realis- 70 percent are under 45 years old, medium-budget movies. The spiritual tic works over the years, but also by 90 percent lack higher education, 60 temperament of the new generation the evolving demands of the new percent don’t have permanent jobs, has begun to take shape and their generation of moviegoers who yearn and 60 percent survive on monthly creations are maturing. for social realistic works and the new income below 3,000 yuan (US$436). Today, young directors in China generation of young directors who are These are working-class people to be sure. They endure the pain inflicted by social changes and practical problems in their daily lives. In the past, these people were the “silent majority” who were neglected by mainstream culture and lacked a channel to voice themselves. Today, they are rising to become the target customers of the Chinese movie industry and even the Chinese cultural industry. The young working-class demographic is changing film aesthetics once imperceptibly A still from the movie Dying to dominated by the middle class of Survive. Based on the true story of a leukemia patient, the film turned the top-tier cities as they change the spotlight on cancer drug prices. IC structure of the audience and influence the creation of culture and art. A still from A Cool Fish, which hit cinemas on November 20, 2018. The Chinese black comedy, with a story that was amusing as well as moving, gained a wide audience. VCG We are not only encouraged by the success of Dying to Survive but also gratified by the accumulation of This premise has been the Chinese films—even if they do form the submerged part of the iceberg—because from a wide angle, the inspiration for many socially realis- future looks bright. tic films such as Dying to Survive generally receive academic art train- well-prepared to meet these demands. and Operation Red Sea. They were ing, which equips them with high We have reason to believe that this born with the cultural genes of the artistic skills and knowledge. They trend will continue, but the ideal Chinese audience and the accumu- also grew up watching Hong Kong balance of commerce, art and indus- n 2018, many phenomenal Contemporary Audience and special effects, established intellectual lation of producers, responding to and Hollywood films, and do not rule try still needs to be pinpointed before Chinese films were released, “Socially Realistic” Films property, stars and fantastic scenes. huge demand for domestic realis- out genre-confined and commercial- a massive wave is released. including Dying to Survive and Unlike Western audiences who Most realistic works were relegated to tic films in the contemporary era. ized works. But at the same time, the We are not only encouraged by the Operation Red Sea. These domes- seem to prefer other-worldly science small arthouse theaters and indepen- Along with the works, a new genera- biggest roadblock for these young success of Dying to Survive but also Itic blockbusters gained remarkable fictions and fantasies these days, dent film festivals, from which they tion of filmmakers is emerging after directors is how to take the first step. gratified by the accumulated iceberg reputations and grossed huge box realism has been a mainstay of seldom reached mainstream viewers growing up under the existing market Since they have little experience, it is of Chinese films under the surface office revenues, making them stand- Chinese culture and art since the Tang or turned profits. mechanism. They will be likely to very difficult to get a debut financed. and the bright future it represents. outs of Chinese movies since the Dynasty (618-907). Even as movies In 2002, the Chinese mainland become the A-list Chinese directors Even if they are recognized, they still Only when the entire piece of ice is marketization and industrializa- and television grew in popular- film market launched a major reform in the near future. can only direct small-scale art films. exposed can we be sure that the future tion of the country’s film industry. ity, Chinese viewers had always by introducing the “cinema chain To gain a bigger reputation in the of Chinese movies is promising. Beyond the praise lurks a question: maintained a fondness for eye-catch- system.” In subsequent years, the size Coming-of-Age of Next-Gen market, they have to seek opportuni- Are realistic films a fad or a landmark ing content close to real life. But of China’s cinema market boomed. Directors ties at independent film festivals and The author is an expert at the Marxist breakthrough in methods of making for some time, Chinese film inves- Movie theaters spread from top-tier Dying to Survive is a 2018 Chinese by winning various awards. Institute of Literature and Art Studies at the big-time domestic movies in China? tors preferred projects involving cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and comedy-drama directed by Wen Dying to Survive enlightened many Chinese National Academy of Arts.

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if young people in developing a result, according to data released Today, as the internet emerges as countries could access educational by iResearch, the total online educa- a powerful medium for cross-cul- resources in developed countries tion market in China reached 191.7 tural communication, online through the internet—it would billion yuan (US$27.9 billion) in education may provide new and alleviate the problem of uneven 2017, to which the K-12 (from feasible solutions for global alloca- distribution of educational resources kindergarten to the 12th grade) tion of educational resources, and narrow the educational gap.” online education market contributed enabling people from different In 2010, the successful opera- 63.26 billion yuan (US$9.2 billion). countries and regions to enjoy the tion of the Khan Academy, founded The penetration rate of K-12 hit 33 world’s best education and promot- by Bangladeshi-American Salman percent of the total market of online ing the sharing of global educational Khan, attracted widespread attention education and is still on the rise. The resources. With the continuous around the world. Subsequently, with online education market in China is deepening and expansion of the the strong impact of the large-scale expected to reach 371.8 billion yuan global scientific and technological financing of the three major U.S. (US$54.1 billion) in 2019. revolution, the upgrading of technol- MOOC platforms, the investment Today, internet technology has ogy is heralding a new education era, boom of global online education reached a stage of rapid development. which will not only make knowledge intensified. In 2013, considered the The 4G revolution has hardly arrived more accessible, but also reshape first year of China’s online educa- and yet 5G is just around the corner. ways of learning and thinking. The tion, Chinese internet giants began Smartphones and tablets, as conduits profound energy released by the leveraging their traffic advantages to to online education, have become integration of education and technol- snatch a share of the online educa- more popular and portable. All of ogies such as cloud computing and tion industry. Meanwhile, traditional these factors provide more favor- big data will permit technology to education institutions began setting able conditions for the development better empower education. up online education companies of online education. Characterized In the future, resources afforded through mergers and joint ventures by high efficiency, convenience, by online education must be tilted to penetrate the online educa- resource interoperability, low thresh- toward underdeveloped regions. tion market. old and low cost, online education Education is at the top of the Over the past five years, product breaks the time and space limits of Chinese government’s poverty upgrades and capital operations traditional education, making it an reduction agenda. In recent years,

Peng Ou center, founder of Sunlands Online Education Group, rings a ceremonial bell during the company’s initial public offering IPO on have happened simultaneously. As inevitable trend of future education. China has invested considerably in the floor of the New York Stock Exchange in the United States. by Michael NagleBloomberg via Getty ImagesVCG poverty-stricken areas, which has greatly improved rural education Students from Xiangjinzhang Primary School in Gaozhuang Village of Huixian County, Xinxiang City, Henan Province interact with one of Beijings best teachers conducting a class conditions. How to provide more wenty years ago, Peter online. Through online education, uality teaching resources can benefit less-developed quality teachers and lesson content Drucker, father of modern areas. VCG to students in poor areas in the management, launched a future to improve their prospects has Knowledge paid course on an inter- become a new and important topic. Tnet platform called “Corpedia.” Education is an important weapon to Every time after a student answered break intergenerational transmission a question, Drucker, from another of poverty, which can be accelerated Is Data computer, commented with the and guaranteed by sharing quality words “very correct” or “very good” educational resources through online in a strong Vienna accent. education. The internet enables full Online Education At that time, the concept of alignment of demand and supply of “online education” had not yet taken educational resources, and it also Making Learning Fairer shape, and Drucker’s platform was shines light on new ways to acquire more of an experiment. But the then and distribute quality educational Text by Xu Zhe 90-year-old Peter Drucker firmly resources. Online education can provide new and feasible solutions believed that remote education would be the future of education, for global allocation of educational resources and The author is special assistant to the CEO promote equality in education worldwide. which, in his opinion, broke time of VIPKID, an online K-12 English-teaching and space constraints. “Imagine platform.

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1: The vlogger describes buying a new electric bicycle in his vlog. 2: “Taiger” is an expert on fitness. She records her experience of being invited to make a video on fitness as a vlog. 3: “Junco842” shares his experience of snowboarding during Spring Festival on a Vlog vlog. 4: “I have a cat named Small Tiger.” “LXJisnotBad” is very enthusiastic about life with her cat. Sharing My : This popular vlogger is passionate about sharing her experience of eating huge portions of food.

Video Diary 1 2 Text by Hu Lei Photographs courtesy of Bilibili Chinese vlogs are turning heads and winning hearts.

nce known for remain- they became the major consum- ing hidden under lock ers of content on the internet. and key, many diaries Those people came of age alongside today are far from private the emergence and popularity of Oaffairs. Numerous people post their short video products. And content feelings on a social media platform has shifted as each new class of or even record short videos, which is producers and consumers matures. relatively easy considering that even Personalized needs and ways of the most economical phone models expression and more intimate today wield a video camera. One styles have driven the evolution of step past a blog, a short video diary short videos. is known as a vlog. Such homemade Exceptionally personal content 3 4 5 videos are quickly emerging as a production such as vlogs has 1 major trend in China. become popular with Chinese people, especially youngsters. Once The Beginning of Vlog exotic to the Chinese market, such With the popularization of styles are now becoming more audience and the creator. The popularity of the mobile to cater to Chinese preferences for development of novel short videos 4G technology and the prolifer- and more mainstream in the East. For vloggers, they can shoot with internet has not only created higher fragmented content and developing are Chinese people’s huge demand ation of smartphones since 2011, Vloggers document their daily lives their cell phones any time they want demand for content, but also made easier ways of recording and editing for quality content, a pioneering the audience for conveniently with smartphones or digital video and upload a vlog with a mobile app. recording and sharing everyday life content are two major challenges for spirit across many platforms and the fragmented reading and viewing recorders instead of writing or Vlogs are not only authentic, but easy and convenient. Facilitated by this industry. enthusiasm of ordinary people to has expanded rapidly in China. taking photos, unlike bloggers. also artistic and capable of maintain- the upgrade of mobile equipment In late 2018, the viral spread of record the details of their lives more From 2016 to 2018, many creators The first-person perspective ing a certain degree of privacy. and the pending 5G communica- the 21-Day Vlog Challenge marked actively and comprehensively than of short videos emerged on small to record personal life meets the Contrasting live broadcast, which is tion technology, short videos that the onset of the localization of vlogs with written words. screens in big ways. Many quality demands of youngsters in the 21st a 360-degree display of oneself, the combine images, text and music are in China. Popular series that focused The growth of the short video vlogs focusing on specific fields century, who would like to share all vlog has the advantage of “proper now used by millions of ordinary on sterilizing stray cats, teach- industry enables Chinese users to such as makeup, knowledge, and kinds of content. For young viewers, authenticity,” which aligns with people to express themselves. For ing parents how to use mobile apps record their lives and cherish travel attracted legions of fans. Short traditional large productions have standard social contact of the young recording everyday life, vlogs are and discovering lost Beijing have every memory. videos are evolving from a novelty been replaced by individual provid- generation: Love but don’t get lost in clearly the best choice. shown possible trends for Chinese- to the primary method of content ers. Viewers empathize with the social circles. Although the vlog had become style vlogs. consumption. And the industry is vlogger and feel as if they were popular abroad long before, it is still A new wave of short videos could enjoying full bloom. walking along with the creator. This Evolution on Recording Life relatively new to China. Creating sweep across China in 2019 when Just as youngsters born after facilitates deeper interaction and The way to record life a more immersive experience in a 5G arrives and the cost of mobile The author is a journalist from 1995 were reaching the age of 20, a closer connection between the always changes. video as long as 10 to 20 minutes internet services drops. Behind the Caijing.com.cn.

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declared French writer Gustave “materialization” age, and its bound- Flaubert in the 19th century. “The aries continue to expand. two depart at the mountain’s foot, The “virtual experience” and one day they will reunite on approach will be the biggest the top of the mountain.” With the challenge for museums of the future. application of digital language and The new technological revolution new methods to spread informa- will herald a huge transformation in tion, the popularity of the internet the way people read and experience and the emergence of new media the physical space. As the audience art, traditional lifestyles and modes gradually adapts to the chang- of artistic creation have changed ing modes of new media, artists are dramatically. Due to tremen- looking for new ways to express dous developments in science and ideas and establish communica- technology, methods of display- tion through new media. Greater ing and spreading art creations are interaction with the audience seems certain to evolve. Since the turn inevitable. The first movers have of the 20th century, art theory deployed technologies such as AR has been evolving steadily along and VR, but regardless of technol- with progress in scientific devel- ogy, the purpose remains to free the opment, resulting in constantly audience from a one-way viewing renovated public understanding relationship between them and of art. Continuous technologi- the art. Artists are endeavoring to cal innovation feeds artists a steady have their works felt from three stream of inspiration and creativity. perspectives—physical, virtual and Traditional art forms and artis- interactive—to enable each patron Art Museums tic creation methods have been to gain a deeper understanding. impacted in an unprecedented The uniqueness of “virtual manner, and new art categories and experience” is that it presents known of Tomorrow artistic styles are emerging almost experience alongside unknown with each passing day. From perfor- experience in an invisible public Text by Gao Peng Photographs courtesy of Today Art Museum Spectators experience an immersive mance art to audio art, video art, domain woven by the internet and multimedia art work. The internet and Art has transcended the “materialization” setting, and its boundaries the virtual world have transformed lighting art and even virtual art mobile terminals. By focusing on continue to expand, resulting in the emergence of uncontained museums. public spaces, leading to the emergence employing cutting-edge technol- the habits of users in the virtual of uncontained museums. ogy, art has already transcended the environment, operators will improve the exhibitions, educational abilities, entertainment value and research power of brick-and-mortar art he future could be a specific organization opened to the public to enjoy these fruits. The function museums as they promote physical, year or an unknown dream, that aims to serve society and its and duty of future museums cannot virtual and interactive relationships and the future of art could development. It pointed to missions change greatly, but the works exhib- with the audience to move past the feature Utopian colors or of research, education and appre- ited as well as the audience will old curating and displaying system. Tbe sated with indefinite imagina- ciation, designating museums be completely different. Future The emerging advantage of “virtual tion. To better display works of responsible for collecting, preserv- museums will combine reality and experience” has already achieved art, future art museums should be ing, studying, spreading and the virtual world, enhancing the wide acceptance, but there remains able to display the freest minds. displaying the fruits of human functions related to research, display a long way to go for affected artists The internet and the virtual world civilization. Thanks to digitaliza- and education. and galleries alike. have transformed public spaces, tion and cloud technology, future After entering the era of digitiza- resulting in the emergence of uncon- museums can easily preserve the tion and virtualization, discussions tained museums. structure of physical works of art of future art have become more As early as 1974, the International as they are merged into virtual confusing. “Art is becoming more The work of Niki de Saint Phalle, one of the most legendary female artists of the 20th The author is a postdoctoral fellow at Council of Museums defined space, where more of the public and more scientific, and science is century, is exhibited at Today Art Museum in Beijing. As art’s boundaries continue to expand, Peking University and curator of Today Art “museum” as a permanent non-profit can be afforded the time and space becoming more and more artistic,” uncontained museums have emerged. Museum.

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Wang Jicai Sheng Zhongguo Shan Tianfang (August 1960 – July 27, 2018) (1941 – September 7, 2018) (December 17, 1934 – September 11, In Remembrance Wang Jicai As a state- 2018) was the former class violin As one of head of the militia soloist of the China’s top of the Passed post on Kaishan China National pingshu (story- Island in eastern Symphony telling) masters VCG China’s Jiangsu VCG Orchestra, Sheng VCG and inheritors of Province. An offshore outpost in Zhongguo performed various national intangible cultural heritage, In 2018, many people left us forever, including not only the Yellow Sea, Kaishan Island is musical masterpieces such as Shan Tianfang devoted his entire famous scholars, researchers and artists, but also ordinary people strategically important but known “Butterfly Lovers” with his fascinat- life to the creation and spread of working on the front lines. Let us remember them, share their for harsh conditions due to a lack of ing skills, exerting a deep influence the traditional Chinese art form stories and commemorate the time we shared with them. drinking water and electricity. Since on Chinese music circles for more pingshu. He has recorded more 1986, Wang Jicai and his wife, Wang than half a century. than 100 pingshu works includ- Shihua, had overcome various diffi- Sheng was among the first Chinese ing over 15,000 episodes covering a culties and spent 32 years guarding violinists to win honors on inter- wide range of themes over the past Rao Zongyi Luo Haocai the island post. In 2014, they were national stages. He was invited 50 years. Today, pingshu performed (August 9, 1917 – February 6, 2018) (March 1934 – February 12, 2018) Rao Zongyi was one of China’s As an outstanding leader of the both honored as the “national role to perform solo concerts in many by Shan Tianfang has become an classical scholars of encyclopedic China Zhigong Party, Luo Haocai made models of the times.” On July 27, countries around the world. Sheng icon of traditional Chinese culture style in contemporary times. He important contributions to upholding 2018, Wang died of a sudden illness was listed as one of the “world’s great- and has cast great influence on the mastered many languages and also and improving the multi-party cooper- on duty at the age of 58. est artists” by Australian Broadcasting Chinese community around the made remarkable research achieve- ation and political consultation system Corporation in 1980. He died of heart world. Shan died at the age of 84. disease at the age of 77. IC ments in a wide range of fields VCG led by the Communist Party of China. including Dunhuang studies, oracle bones studies, A well-known figure among returned overseas Chinese, historiography, music and Sanskrit. He was honored he led and promoted the development of overseas Chinese by the academic circles as a “world-renowned master affairs since the founding of the People’s Republic of China of Sinology.” He also made great artistic achievements in 1949. Zhu Xu Jin Yong Raymond Chow Man-wai (April 15, 1930 – September 15, 2018) (March 10, 1924 – October 30, 2018) (October 8, 1927 – November 2, 2018) in painting, calligraphy and poetry. He died at the age Moreover, as a renowned jurist and educator in China, he Zhu Xu, a A famous Raymond of 101. actively explored improving the administrative trial system renowned Chinese Chinese martial Chow Man-wai with Chinese characteristics and trained many outstanding theatrical artist, arts novelist and was a famous legal professionals. He passed away at the age of 84. had been dedicated prominent media Hong Kong film to the performing figure, Jin Yong, entrepreneur and VCG arts for more than VCG born Louis Cha VCG founder of the 60 years. He not only brought to life Leung-yung, created 15 extremely movie studio Golden Harvest. As Zhong Yiming Wang Yiping many unique and impressive charac- popular martial arts novels including a pioneering independent producer (November 1930 – March 4, 2018) (February 15, 1963 – April 11, 2018) ters on stage, but also left a lasting Legends of the Condor Heroes and in Hong Kong, he not only discov- Zhong Yiming was an outstand- As a research fellow at the Shanghai impression on the Chinese public The Return of the Condor Heroes. ered many Chinese movie stars such ing leader of China’s offshore oil Institute of Materia Medica under the with his film and television roles. His works inherited the tradition as Bruce Lee and Jackie Chan, but industry. In the 1950s and 1960s, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wang His unique performance style often of Chinese classics while integrating also diversified film categories such Zhong and other first-genera- Yiping led a team to successfully develop involved comic interpretation of tragic history and culture and remain very as action and comedy. He started an tion Chinese offshore oil workers by Wang Jingde/ salvianolate, a modern Chinese medicine, characters which resulted in an even popular among Chinese in various unprecedentedly prosperous era of Xinhua successfully drilled China’s first oil which is used to treat coronary heart more powerful dramatic effect when it parts of the world. A saying goes Hong Kong movies, which won him well for commercial use in the South China Sea, laying disease and other ailments, and became a model for the followed laughter. that “where there are Chinese, there respect and status in the interna- a foundation for further oil exploration and develop- modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. He also Zhu won many awards in China are readers of Jin Yong.” He died in tional film industry. ment of the region. built a complete cardiovascular drug research and develop- and beyond such as the Best Actor Hong Kong at the age of 94. In 1979, the U.S. Film After China adopted the reform and opening-up ment platform to systematically promote the research of a Award at the Tokyo International Association voted him the policy in 1978, Zhong, the second general manager variety of new cardiovascular drugs. Wang, who died at the Film Festival, the Special Jury Prize of most outstanding international of China National Offshore Oil Corporation, fully age of 55, was posthumously honored as a “national role the 28th Golden Rooster Awards and filmmaker. He died at the age of 91. embraced the concept of reform and opening up, lever- model of the times” in November 2018. the Golden Lion Award for Chinese aging it to promote great development of the country’s Photo courtesy of Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Drama. He died at the age of 88. offshore oil industry.

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which has a negative impact on barriers to prevent the free flow December 1, 2018: An official world economic recovery and of production factors worldwide. prepares a room for a bilateral meeting on the second day of the increases the uncertainties of global So, according to Xi’s speech, as a G20 Leaders’ Summit in Buenos economic development. Against responsible and rational country, Aires, Argentina. The leaders of G20 members representing four- this backdrop, Xi’s speech demon- China appeals for the international fifths of the global economy strated China’s stance and policies community to build consensus, attended the two-day meeting in Argentina as they faced the while facing challenges, calling on fulfill their responsibility and steer deepest fractures since the first G20 summit convened 10 years G20 members to stay committed to the global economy in the right ago in the throes of the 2008 openness and cooperation, uphold direction, while adjusting domes- international financial crisis. by Ludovic Marin VCG the multilateral trading system, tic policies by furthering reform, forge strong partnerships, step up expanding market opening and macro policy coordination, and improving business environment. adhere to innovation to create new Xi’s declaration serves not only momentum for growth and win-win as a response to some countries’ cooperation to promote inclusive misunderstanding and misinter- global development. When coping pretation of China, but also as a with the global economic dilemma, promise China made to the inter- China accepts and advocates that national community, echoing the United Nations, the G20, the the principle of achieving shared World Trade Organization, the growth through discussion and G20 International Monetary Fund and collaboration proposed by China. other multilateral mechanisms For the world economy standing play active roles. At the same time, at a crossroads, China’s attitude World’s China also insists that developed is of great significance, setting countries, emerging economies and a good example for the interna- major developing countries play key tional community to work together Consensus and roles. That is to say, China is willing through difficulties. to cooperate with other parties to Focusing on the summit’s theme improve global governance which “Building Consensus for Fair and can benefit all, consolidating and Sustainable Development,” Xi’s China’s Action guarding the community with a speech responds to the expecta- Text by Ma Bin shared interest, responsibility and tion of the international community future. Xi’s speech also displayed from China. On the global scale, Xi’s speech conveys China’s determination to deepen reform and China needs to take active respon- opening up and extend goodwill to improve global governance. that China will steadfastly promote reform and opening up. China’s sibility to promote world economic development over the past 40 years recovery and development as has proved that the reform and well as fair and just global gover- opening up is the decisive choice nance; at home, China needs to n November 30, 2018, are urgently needed to provide for the country’s destiny in contem- deepen reform and opening up, President Xi Jinping deliv- solutions to economic development porary times and an important raise people’s living standards by ered a speech titled “Look difficulties. way to guarantee the cause of the poverty reduction and eradication, Beyond the Horizon In his speech, Xi said the global Communist Party of China and and enhance inclusive develop- Oand Steer the World Economy in economy faces a history-mak- have the people stride forward with ment along with other countries the Right Direction” at the G20 ing choice—a judgement which the times. by expanding its market, realizing Leaders’ Summit in Buenos Aires, indicates that China has a lucid At present, the world economy high-quality opening up and foster- Argentina. His speech conveyed perspective on the current scenario. faces great challenges and the ing equal and mutually beneficial China’s determination to deepen At present, despite the constant global governance system has partnership. reform and opening up as well as its growth of the world economy as a certain defects, leading to develop- goodwill to improve global gover- whole, it also faces many challenges ing countries being unable to fully nance, showing a positive sign to and potential risks, especially enjoy their deserved rights. This The author is an associate research fellow the international community in with certain countries practicing situation has become even worse with the Institute of International Studies at which consensus and cooperation protectionism and unilateralism, due to some countries building Fudan University.

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shouldn’t be its only job. Many argue the widest consensus on fairer and equivalent to BRICS (Brazil, Russia, that the group is becoming “useless” more sustainable global development. India, China and South Africa) because its agenda has been over-ex- This is a fundamental connotation of and MIKTA (Mexico, Indonesia, panded, resulting in low efficiency. the concept of “global governance” the Republic of Korea, Turkey, and In the long run, however, this will that took shape at the end of the Australia) under the framework of become a reason that the G20 will 20th century. In this sense, behind the G20. Second, this is because of G20 definitely play an important role in the expansion of the G20 agenda is a the G20’s multilevel institutionaliza- international affairs. higher-level need. That is, the G20 is tion. Today, the G20 has developed Against the backdrop of anti-glo- supposed to provide an open, flexi- into a trans-governmental, multi-lay- The G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank The Use of balization threatening long-term ble platform for various values and ered international exchange Governors Meeting was held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from July 21 to 22, 2018. sustainable development of the interest appeals such as innovation, mechanism, backed by strong intel- Since President Donald Trump took office, global economy, it isn’t enough for growth, efficiency, fairness, green lectual support from a variety of the United States has provoked trade advocates of multilateralism to only development and inclusiveness to international organizations includ- friction and jeopardized fair trade principles the “Useless” worldwide, which became a hotly discussed make vows. It requires the G20 to reach important consensus while ing the Organization for Economic topic at the meeting. Xinhua Text by Ye Yu play its unique role as the center mitigating the damage from unilater- Cooperation and Development Providing an open, flexible platform for stakeholders with of the global governance network. alism and extremism. (OECD), the IMF, the World Bank, mechanisms targeting non-member contrasting values and interests to reach important consensus is the While uniting and mobilizing forces It requires long-term, painstak- the World Trade Organization states and other regional organi- most significant role of the G20 today. supporting multilateralism across ing efforts to achieve this goal, but (WTO), the International Labour zations as well as different social the world, it needs to be more open no other mechanisms can provide Organization (ILO) and the groups like businesspeople, think and inclusive, provide more direct the facilitation as much as the G20. International Energy Agency (IEA). tanks, non-governmental organiza- and effective channels for vulnera- First, this is because of the G20’s Third, this is because of the G20’s tions, youth and women. ble groups to express their interest wide representation. Nowadays, openness. More than just a dialogue Currently, the G20 hasn’t been he 13th Group of 20 since the 2008 global financial crisis, demands, and facilitate the recon- the G7, a bloc representing the platform for governments of its and shouldn’t be “hijacked” by trade (G20) summit was held in people have reached wide consen- ciliation between globalization and interests of developed economies, 20 members, the G20 has formed wars. Rather, people need to look Buenos Aires, capital of sus on the remarkable achievements anti-globalization, so as to achieve has become a secondary group a wide array of communication into its role with greater patience and Argentina, from November of the G20 in uniting emerging and from a long-term perspective. In the 30 to December 1, 2018. At present, developed economies to address A cyclist passes Costa Salguero Exhibition Center in Buenos Aires, Argentina, the venue of tide of the new round of technolog- T the 13th G20 summit held from November 30 to December 1, 2018. Xinhua populism and protectionism are on global crises together, enhanc- ical revolution, the digital economy the rise globally, President Donald ing global banking regulation, and became a highlight at the 2018 G20 Trump has continued withdraw- combating tax evasion. Today, the summit. Participants discussed ing the United States from a series G20 has become less sought-af- the opportunities and challenges of international organizations and ter than before. Perhaps this is just brought by technological innovation agreements, and doubts are mount- because the world isn’t facing a and automation. This is conducive ing on the value of multilateralism global crisis as it did 10 years ago. to shaping a medium and long-term and global governance. In this The International Monetary agenda for the inclusive, sustainable context, despite being a dialogue Fund (IMF) predicted that the world development of the world economy. platform for leaders of the world’s economy will grow by 3.7 percent in In a time when the global major economies, which together 2018 and 2019, a record high since economic landscape is undergo- contribute 85 percent of the global the 2008 global financial crisis. ing profound changes, what kind GDP, 75 percent of international However, at the same time, global of multilateralism and global trade, 80 percent of world invest- debt also hits a new record. In 2018, governance does the world need? ment and 66 percent of global Argentina, the host country of the China will work together with all population, the G20 is still seen G20 summit, fell into economic other countries to gradually turn by some as an eye-catching but turmoil and is receiving emergency their common vision into reality otherwise a useless “talking shop.” bailout loans from the IMF. Trade through candid communication and Therefore, it is understandable conflicts are becoming worse and pragmatic cooperation. that people pay greater attention to worse around the world. All of these bilateral meetings and temporary pose major threats to the future discussions on the sidelines than the development of the world economy. main event. In the coming years, perhaps The author is an associate research fellow So, is the G20 useful or not? coping with crises will remain the with Shanghai Institutes for International Looking back at the past decade major function of the G20, but this Studies.

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the uncertainty caused by escalat- Argentina is suffering spiral- their respective countries’ developing China-U.S. trade disputes could ing financial turmoil, China still ment, the new generation of Latin undermine the world economy. has confidence in the develop- American leaders has attached As the host country of the 2018 ment prospects of Latin American greater importance to building G20 summit, Argentina hopes that countries including Argentina, infrastructure, expanding trade with China and the United States will evidenced by its pragmatic cooper- China and promoting exchange continue maintaining cooperation to ation with those countries. China’s of governance experience. These safeguard the leadership of the G20. investment in Argentina in areas moves have provided a favorable President Xi and President such as energy and infrastruc- political environment for building Donald Trump met on the sidelines ture as well as a bilateral currency a China-Latin America community of the G20 summit in Argentina swap agreement, extensive finan- with a shared future and achieving and agreed to stop imposing cial cooperation and trade deals to substantive results in the implemen- new tariffs and solve their trade import Argentinian cherries and tation of the Belt and Road Initiative friction through more negoti- other products has proved a boon in Latin America. ations. Through bilateral and for the Latin American country Recognizing the importance of multilateral meetings with leaders during tough times. At a press the relations with China, Panama of other countries, President Xi conference, Argentinian President moved to establish diplomatic ties conveyed China’s stance on uphold- Mauricio Macri declared that with China in June 2017. In the year ing multilateralism and opposing China’s presence is not a threat but and a half since, the two countries protectionism, which received an opportunity. This evidenced have signed a memorandum of applause from various parties Latin American countries’ recogni- understanding on jointly promoting November 8, 2018: Panamanian President Juan Carlos Varela center, rear poses for a photo with employees of China COSCO Shipping including the United Nations tion of China’s positive influence in the Belt and Road Initiative and 19 Corporation Limited at the first China International Import Expo in Shanghai. Two years ago, COSCO Shipping Panama was established, facilitating China to participate in and promote global trade and solidifying the connectivity and mutual understanding of Chinese and and BRICS countries. Moreover, the region. cooperation documents while striv- Panamanian people. by Chen Jian the joint declaration signed by Finally, China and Latin ing to reach a bilateral free trade all G20 nations endorsed “neces- America have both demon- agreement. Their bilateral relations sary reform” of the World Trade strated commitment to improving have been improving signifi- Organization (WTO). China their people’s lives. President Xi cantly. During his visit to Panama, contributed its efforts to the success and his Panamanian counter- President Xi expressed China’s China-Latin America of the 2018 G20 summit, injecting part Juan Carlos Varela stressed an willingness to promote the align- stability into the world economy. important consensus during their ment of the Belt and Road Initiative Secondly, Xi’s visits lifted meeting: upholding the concept with Panama’s National Logistics China-Latin America pragmatic of people-centered development. Strategy 2030. The Chinese govern- Cooperation cooperation to a new level. Although In recent years, to better boost ment also encouraged China’s financial institutions to set up RMB clearance centers in Panama, and February 10, 2018: Tourists enjoy a dragon dance performance at a temple fair celebrating the A Deeper Shared Future Chinese New Year in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Xinhua acknowledged that the Panama Canal is a permanent international Text by Niu Haibin shipping waterway. President Xi Building a China-Latin America community with a shared future is a vital step for human society to expressed hopes to reach a compre- overcome temporary difficulties impeding further development of globalization and achieve global hensive, high-level and mutually prosperity, security and development. beneficial free trade agreement through negotiations with Panama as soon as possible. All of these factors are laying a solid founda- uilding a China-Latin further development of globaliza- development of China-Latin tion for China-Panama relations to America community with tion to achieve global prosperity, America relations. Even though become a model for China-Latin a shared future is a histor- security and development. Latin American countries such as America cooperation. ically significant proposal Xi’s recent state visits to Brazil and Argentina have benefited Boffered by Chinese President Xi Argentina and Panama resulted from a bump in agricultural exports Jinping. It would represent a vital in positive outcomes. Firstly, to China due to trade friction The author is vice director of the Center for step for human society in overcom- those visits created a better exter- between China and the United American Studies under Shanghai Institutes ing temporary difficulties impeding nal environment for further States, they are concerned that for International Studies.

68 VOLUME 847 CHINA PICTORIAL 69 CULTURE JAN · 2O19 Eyes on the Past and Future Text by Gong Haiying Photographs courtesy of Chinese Contemporary Furniture Design – From Cultural Appreciation to Chunzai Creativity

It is absolutely possible for contemporary creative designers in China to eclipse both Western and classical Chinese furniture as they construct new living aesthetics and new cultural tastes for a new era.

The English version of Chinese Contemporary Furniture Design – From Cultural Appreciation to Contemporary Furniture Design Chunzai Creativity, a book by Jerry J.I. Chen, – From Cultural Appreciation to published by Foreign Languages Press in November 2018. Chunzai Creativity was published by the Forbidden City Publishing House. It was authored by Jerry J.I. Chen, an internationally renowned artwork connoisseur and founder of the Chinese furniture brand “Chunzai.” The book is dubbed the urniture, an essential part cornerstone of design aesthetics of human living space, has for contemporary Chinese furni- a history nearly as long as ture. Its English version, published human civilization. Today, by Foreign Languages Press, was Fnumerous creative furniture designs released in November 2018. emerge every year, forming new Chunzai furniture designed popular trends and leading lifestyles. by Chen represents a successful

In October 2016, the Chinese example of China’s modern cultural A huanghuali horseshoe-back folding version of the book Chinese and creative industry. The cultural armchair from the Ming Dynasty. Made with the rare and exuisite and creative industry, with creativ- huanghuali wood and featuring ity as the core, first emerged as an splendid craftsmanship, this armchair is a wonderful example of Ming-style idea in Britain in the 1990s. This furniture. idea gradually evolved into a devel- A large huanghuali standing screen with marble paneling from the Ming opmental concept that realized Dynasty. This screen was formerly held by the Museum of Classical Chinese enormous economic benefits during Furniture in California and is now part of the collection of the Minneapolis the process of merging with other Institute of Art. industries. In his book The Creative Economy: How People Make Money the future. Asian Art Fair – the only Chinese Chen aimed to show the world new wisdom, from simple to profound. from Ideas, British economist John Born in Taiwan, Jerry J.I. Chen person in the committee back Chinese aesthetics, a refined taste China’s furniture culture is color- Howkins pointed out that creative began working in the field of then. Also in the 1990s, he shifted of contemporary Chinese consum- ful yet sated with wisdom. Chen’s industries around the world produce cultural relic appraisal in Hong towards contemporary furniture ers, and new cultural ideals of contemporary furniture innova- around US$22 billion every day, Kong in 1985. Over the past three design from artwork appraisal. the country. tion realized with Chunzai was a figure which is growing by five decades, he has appraised numer- In 2004, he established the furni- Chen believes that contempo- established around his deep and

A southern elm five-leg basin stand from the percent year-on-year. In its 13th ous world-class and exceptional ture brand “Chunzai” in Shanghai. rary and classical Chinese furniture multi-faceted understanding of Qing Dynasty. The fluidity of the form and Five-Year Plan (2016-2020), China artworks. In 1999, he became a By establishing a brand name share an inextricable lineage. The traditional Chinese furniture. lines expresses an elegant attitude for life. Chen believes there are close ties between made the cultural and creative member of the Vetting Committee of contemporary Chinese furni- evolution of furniture embodies the The furniture in the style of the traditional and modern Chinese furniture. industry a development priority for for New York-based International ture with a strong personal style, historical development of human Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) has been

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of the Taipei-based National Palace A space designed by Chen in 2008 Museum wrote the preface for in Jing’an District, Chen’s book. “It is most commend- Shanghai, which exhibits his able that Chen has published understanding of space design for the fruits of his three decades of creative brands. research on furniture as a book, which will be an indispensable source for future furniture design students,” Chou wrote. “These students will in turn use their knowledge of cultures and creativity to generate a richer variety of cultur- ally creative products.” This mission also conforms to Chen’s original intention in writing the book. He hopes this book will be useful for practitioners in the furniture industry as well as people engaged in the cultural and creative industry. He expects the book to help China form new cultural features in the new era and usher in a golden era of cultural prosperity.

The Feuerle Collection, a contemporary German art museum, was established in 2016. In this museum full of contemporary Western designs, exuisite Chinese furniture pieces are exhibited. Chen was invited to consult on its design for an incense room, where he incorporated Chinese incense culture into the modern space.

As an internationally renowned art connoisseur, Chen has appraised and collected numerous world-class and exceptional artworks over past decades. Pictured are ancient Chinese art treasures such as “Remnant Sounds of the Great Sages” Dasheng yiyin, top right, a time-honored zither dating back to the Tang Dynasty 618-90.

globally recognized as a represen- critical aspects of Chinese furni- living aesthetics and new cultural tative of China’s furniture culture. ture design and investigates the tastes for a new era. Using a new cultural perspective creative possibilities of contempo- Accomplishing innovation in and a contemporary expression rary furniture. He asserts that it is the contemporary era by learn- that better suits creative design, absolutely possible for contempo- ing from tradition is the innovative Chen uses the book to elaborate on rary creative designers to eclipse path for the furniture industry the eight core values of the Ming both Western and classical Chinese promoted by Chen in this book. Dynasty furniture, analyzes the 10 furniture as they construct new Chou Kung-shin, former director

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Reviving the Publishing House. When the idea of the cultural and creative indus- Golden Era try first emerged in the West, I was — Exclusive Interview with already working in artwork appraisal Jerry J.I. Chen and collection, so I knew the West highly valued the art in Chinese China Pictorial (CP): What museums. However, these pieces was the reasoning behind your belonged to the “good old days.” shift from art collection to furni- Today’s Chinese art has failed to ture design? And what was the maintain the glory of the “good old inspiration for your book Chinese days,” and we can hardly compete Contemporary Furniture Design with the West by learning and – From Cultural Appreciation to imitating their techniques. Chunzai Creativity? Artifacts evidencing Chinese Chen: This book was the first lifestyles during past dynasties, in a series on culture and creativ- such as the lacquerware of the Song ity published by the Forbidden City Dynasty (960-1279), pottery of Jerry J.I. Chen in Beijing. Chen is an internationally renowned art connoisseur and founder of the Chinese furniture brand “Chunzai.” by Chen Jian

the Ming Dynasty, and furniture of the Ming and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties, are all of great practical- ity in daily life. Furniture connects people and residences. Nowadays, the relationship between furniture design and everyday life is even closer, which demonstrates the progress of the era. It was natural for me to shift from artwork appraisal Chunzai furniture strives to capture Chinese-style elegance and comfort. For this purpose, Chunzai has employed different materials, and collection to contemporary proportions, designs and joints. furniture design. I believe furniture designers should start by learning and imitat- Chen: I believe the cultural We attempt to bring this natural economic development. Now, ing the past and tradition before essence of every nation is import- elegance into full play. For example, after meeting the basic needs of producing new creations based on ant. Before defining what new our designs maintain the texture the Chinese people, China’s furni- Chinese people’s spiritual needs. Chinese-style furniture is, we must of materials that grew from nature, ture industry is attaching greater We should create beauty of our own first pinpoint our spiritual and and we repurpose other materials. importance to creative design and times using our own hands. I hope cultural roots to determine our CP: During your 30 years in brand value. that this book will be useful for most accurate cultural tastes. contemporary furniture design, In this fast-developing era, we practitioners in the furniture indus- Chunzai has been grasping for what changes do you think have should concentrate on building a try as well as people engaged in the Chinese-style elegance and comfort. taken place in China’s furniture brand with its own personality that Starting from furniture design, cultural and creative industry as To achieve this goal, Chunzai industry and even the country’s offers our own unique perspective Chen expects to it helps establish China’s cultural has employed different materi- contemporary design? How do you on contemporary life. More people usher in a golden era of cultural features of the new era and revive als, proportions, designs and joints see the future of China’s contempo- should devote themselves to creating prosperity. Chunzai furniture the golden era of cultural prosperity. such as mortises and tenons. For rary design? the beauty of today. I hope that when optimally combines CP: What innovations has new example, ancient Chinese people Chen: From the late 1990s until future generations look back at our traditional Chinese craftsmanship and Chinese-style furniture represented loved natural materials such as now, China has been playing an work, they will consider our era both modern design. by Chunzai made? wood, bamboo, rattan and lacquer. extremely important role in global refined and beautiful.

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Yonghegong Lama Temple, which is sated with spiritual energy. Although Beijing: Eternal Home Beijing is extremely cold in winter, Text by Rachana Gupta it is quite fascinating to see a white layer of snow blanketing the ancient I hope Beijing will welcome me again when we meet the next time, with open arms as it did before. monuments. It might not be such a big deal if you come from a place where snowfall is common in winter, but as someone from Bangalore in southern India—a very hot place without a hint of snow—the sight is ast month, my husband and finally, writer. simply breathtaking. I moved to Shanghai from It hosted my struggles when first The residents of this city are even Beijing after living there for learning Chinese. My teacher led more warm and friendly than the almost five years. I didn’t with the pronunciation of ‘Ni hao’ structures. I still distinctly remem- Lexpect to be affected much by the (hello) followed by several more ber my Chinese colleagues and boss move, but I was so wrong. The complicated words. I used to take going out of their way to help me moment we landed in Shanghai, the subway every morning from with even the most routine work I was already missing the place I Huangqu Station on Line 6, where when I first joined the company in left behind. our first apartment was located, to Beijing. In spite of my very poor Beijing became my close friend Beijing Mandarin School at Guomao Mandarin at the time, they made me

the day I first set foot in China. It Station on Line 10. Being claus- feel like part of a big family. Once, January 1, 2014: The Place, a shopping mall featuring a striking projection screen in the Central held my hand when I was completely trophobic, I did my best to avoid I attended driving school with my Business District of eastern Beijing, attracts a huge crowd to celebrate the New Year. VCG new to the country and taught me packed trains and often let several boss, who was helping me get a how to see the positive side of life. It pass before boarding. Although February 4, 201: Kids and their parents license. The person at reception enjoy riding on the frozen Shichahai Lake in facilitated my transformation from it was challenging to make a daily Beijing. VCG asked for my Chinese name, but I colleagues accompanied me to trans- I learned about the strong sense student to logistics manager and commute as such, the happiness I didn’t have one then. My boss, with late lessons. of commitment and belonging- no second thought, offered me his There are also many cultural ness within Chinese families which daughter’s name. And every time I aspects that I learned from my is pretty much similar to that of derived from spending time with my went to driving lessons, one of my Chinese colleagues. For instance, Indian culture. peers and my teacher while learning And now, while sitting at the Chinese was worth it. Overcoming General Consulate of India in challenges like this helped me Shanghai, I feel that the reminis- evolve as a person and realize I can cence of the past is lingering in my overcome my worst fears. thoughts and heart. We often don’t My remarkable experiences in appreciate a place or its people until Beijing were also born of the pleth- we leave and nostalgia sets in. ora of choices available from the Some say that “old is gold,” and breathtaking scenery of the Great Beijing will always remain dear to Wall to lakeside views from the bars me. I have no idea if I will ever get a and restaurants in Houhai. Spending chance to live in Beijing again, but I weekend nights at Sanlitun’s restau- like to think that my “first friend” in rants and bars with live music China will welcome me once again and watching the mushrooming when we meet the next time, with skyscrapers sculpt the ever-chang- open arms as it did before. ing skyline of the Central Business District left beautiful imprints on my memory. Beijing is an amalgamation of The author is a China Focus columnist, poet The Summer Palace, located in the northwestern suburbs of Beijing, is one of the finest modern and traditional architecture examples of garden architecture in China. Covering an area of about 300 hectares, the June 14, 2018: The neighborhood of the Houhai Lake in Beijing, known for its nightlife, draws and active blogger. She has served in a Summer Palace includes a vast ensemble of hills, lakes and palaces. The photo shows the with historic monuments such as the huge crowds of tourists and locals as the 2018 FIFA World Cup opens. Many residences by the variety of managerial positions for Chinese Summer Palace blanketed with snow in winter. VCG Forbidden City, Summer Palace and lake have been converted into restaurants, cafs and bars with live music performances. VCG companies.

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New Ink Art in China 1978-2018 12th Shanghai Biennale: December 18, 2018 – February 23, 2019 Minsheng Art Museum, Beijing Proregress—Art in an Age of Ink art is an important symbol and element of tradi- Historical Ambivalence tional Chinese culture. Since China launched its reform November 10, 2018 – March 10, 2019 and opening up in 1978, Chinese ink art practitioners Power Station of Art, Shanghai have made great progress by inheriting historical and The 12th Shanghai Biennale presents the latest works cultural traditions and infusing them with Western from nearly 70 individual and group contemporary artists modernist elements, which has attracted great atten- from 26 countries, including 20 Chinese artists or groups. tion from both the East and the West. Through these works, the exhibition aims to convey the idea By systematically cataloguing Chinese ink art over that contemporary art should actively address complex social the past 40 years for the first time, the exhibition problems and strive to develop new ways of thinking. Poster for the 12th Shanghai created two sections of New Chinese Painting and Biennale. New Chinese Ink, presenting 200 works from more than 180 Chinese ink artists. Su-Mei Tse: Nested December 18, 2018 – March 24, 2019 Yuz Museum, Shanghai

The exhibition features a multitude of works created by Su-Mei Tse, a famous Chinese-Luxembourgish artist, who has worked in Italy and Asia over the years. Exhibits cover sculpture, video, photography and various other art forms, including the installation work Tibetan Stone II she created in Shanghai. An internationally renowned artist, Su-Mei Tse won the Golden Lion award at the Venice Biennale for best national submission in 2003. She has held several solo exhibitions and participated in group exhibitions in many world-fa- 199 NO.2 by Wang Chuan, 9x19cm, 199. Singing on the Way Home by hu Licun, 112x90cm, Chinese painting. mous art institutions. Poster for the exhibition “Su- Mei Tse: Nested.”

Border: Contemporary Art Exhibition Exhibition of Panoramic Painting The Tokyo December 15, 2018 – February 20, 2019 No.1 Zhongguancun, Beijing Trial and Pictures Known as the “Silicon Valley of China,” Zhongguancun Science Park December 13, 2018 – January 8, 2019 is the first national-level high-tech industrial development zone in China. China Art Museum, Shanghai As the first large-scale and high-level art event held in the park, the exhibi- The exhibition commemorates the 70th anniversary of the Tokyo Judgment tion aims to present the vitality of Zhongguancun’s reform, development in two parts: Display of the panoramic painting The Tokyo Trial and a photo and cultural innovation in recent years. exhibition. The Tokyo trial was the military trial of Japanese Class-A war crimi- Covering a total area of more than 4,000 square meters, the exhibi- nals of World War II by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East in tion is divided into individual and comprehensive exhibition areas. Within Tokyo, Japan from May 3, 1946 to November 12, 1948. the individual exhibition area is Poet of Scenery presenting nearly 120 Measuring 168 meters in length and four meters in height, The Tokyo Trial works by famous Chinese theorist and landscape oil painter Yi Ying over depicts more than 400 people including judges, prosecutors, defendants and the past 30 years. The Words · Silence area displays contemporary callig- court staff participating in the trial. Poster for “Border: Contemporary Art Exhibition.” raphy by Qiu Zhenzhong, professor at the Central Academy of Fine Arts The photo exhibition features more than 100 historical pictures related Poster for the “Exhibition of Panoramic and dean of the Lanting Calligraphy Academy. And the Snow over Kunlun to the Tokyo trial gathered from the National Archives and Records Painting The Tokyo Trial and Pictures.” Mountains area features jade carving by Professor Zhuo Fan of the Central Administration of the United States, the National Archives of Japan and other Academy of Fine Arts. The comprehensive exhibition area includes collec- public and private collection organizations. A series of historical documentaries tions of works from dozens of contemporary Chinese artists. about the trial, produced by Shanghai Radio and Television Station, are being screened simultaneously at the exhibition.

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