Acacia Caffra Veld, Note the Bare Areas Between the Trees

Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496

Plate 4: View of the Acacia nigrescens – Acacia caffra veld, note the bare areas between the trees

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Figure 12: Location of the Acacia nigrescens – Acacia caffra veld within the study area

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9.1.3 Commiphora mollis – Burkea africana – Sclerocarya birrea veld The southwestern corner of Portion 1 of the Farm Weltevreden 482 LQ contains a relatively large stand of Commiphora mollis (Velvet Corkwood), Boscia foetida (Stink Shepherd’s Tree) and Burkea africana (Wild Seringa). The dense stand is approximately 60ha in size with minimal grass cover. In more open areas, Grewia and Rhus species dominated the understorey.

Plate 5: View of the Commiphora mollis – Burkea africana veld in the study area

Plate 6: View of the Commiphora mollis – Burkea africana veld in the study area

Moving towards the east of this dense stand of trees, one encounters an area dominated by Burkea africana (Wild Seringa) and relatively large Sclerocarya birrea subspecies caffra (Marula). This area is approximately 136ha in size.

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Figure 13: Location of the Commiphora mollis – Burkea africana - Sclerocarya birrea veld within in the study area

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9.1.4 Disturbed areas Various landuses have resulted in large areas within the study site showing degraded vegetation. These areas include land previously used for agricultural practices and as well as areas that have been heavily overgrazed, either by commercial stock farming or overstocked game farming. These disturbed areas occur on a number of properties over the study area and have a total approximate size of 510ha.

The latter resulted in large parts of the study site showing areas that are completely bare of any lower storey vegetation with the existing vegetation primarily, consisting of Acacia species. These areas are particularly susceptible to erosion. The areas that were cleared and planted for agricultural practices show a level of recovery by the settlement of pioneer species such as Dichrostachys cinerea (Sickle Bush) and a range of Acacia species dominated by Acacia tortilis (Umbrella Thorn).

Plate 7: View of the bare areas as a result of overgrazing

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Figure 14: Location of the disturbed areas within the study area

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9.2 FAUNA 9.2.1 Mammals Mammals are generally the most conspicuous vertebrate group in the study area and hence have been well documented in several studies (Digby Wells. 2014, NSC et al, 2013, Envirolution, 2009, Bohlweki Environmental, 2006). The full list of species documented by earlier studies, as well as recorded during this assessment, is presented in Appendix A.

A total of 114 species are listed of which 15 are considered to either be unlikely to be present or not present on the study site. During the present study 31 species were either observed directly or are documented with a high degree of confidence. Of the noted species, three are Red Data List species, as follows:

Table 7: Red Data List species recorded in the study area SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: BIODIVERSITY ACT (ACT 10 OF 2004)

Hippotragus equinus Roan Antelope Endangered

Hippotragus niger niger Sable Antelope Vulnerable

Parahyaena brunnea Brown Hyena Near Threatened

Of the three, the first two are all present on game farms and were introduced as part of commercial breeding programmes. As such, some are even semi-domesticated and, although free roaming, are fed of stock feeds. The Parahyaena brunnea (Brown Hyena) is uncommon and individuals roam through the area as their ranges encompass numbers of farms.

Plate 8: View of the Hippotragus niger niger (Sable Antelope) on the site

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Plate 9: Camera trap image of an Orycteropus afer (Ant Bear)

Species such as Atilax paludinosus (Water Mongoose), Aonyx capensis (Clawless Otter) and Hippopotamus amphidius (Hippopotamus) are all associated with permanent water bodies of which none occur within the study site. Other species such as small rodents (rats and mice) and bats were also not classified as they require special trapping methods.

9.2.2 Birds Birds are abundant across the study area and a total of 95 species were identified during the site visit. The Table below lists the Red Data List bird species which were found to be present.

Table 8: Red Data List species recorded in the study area SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: BIODIVERSITY ACT (ACT 10 OF 2004)

Gyps africanus White-backed Vulture Vulnerable

Ardeotis kori Kori Bustard Vulnerable

Vanellus albiceps White-crowned lapwing Near Threatened

Gyps coprotheres Cape Vulture Vulnerable

In addition to the above three species there are a further five species whose Probability of Occurrence is rated as being either “Present” or “Highly likely to be present” and which are Red Data listed as shown in Table 9.

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Table 9: Red Data Listed bird species observed in the study area NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME BIODIVERSITY ACT (ACT 10 OF 2004)

Mycteria ibis Yellow-billed Stork Vulnerable Sagittarius serpentarius Secretary Bird Near Threatened Aquila rapax Tawny Eagle Vulnerable Falco biarmicus Lanner Falcon Near Threatened Platysteira peltata Black-throated Wattle- Near Threatened eye

The Cercotrichas leucophrys (White-browed Scrub-Robin) is endemic to the South African Bird Atlas Region.

The timing of the field study, resulted in many bird species being absent from the area since they are migratory and had moved away from the southern winter. They will, however, return at the end of winter and the count will increase by at least 30 terrestrial species. In addition, there are many species which are associated with wetlands such as sandpipers, stints, and some ducks and storks, which are opportunistic residents of ephemeral wetlands and will come and go depending on rainfall and the development of habitat. The bird list, attached in Appendix A, includes these species but it is recognised that their presence will be erratic and temporary.

9.2.3 Herpetofauna Relatively few reptiles were encountered during the field survey this is possibly due to the timing of the survey. Regional studies indicate the possible presence of 84 reptile species as listed in Appendix A. The composition of the groups is shown the Table below.

Table 10: Summarised composition of the possible reptile assemblage in the study area GROUP NUMBER OF SPECIES

Lizards, Agamas, Chameleons, Geckoes, Monitors and Skinks 31 Snakes 48 Tortoises and Terrapins 5

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Plate 10: View of the Psammophylax triteaniatus (Skaapsteker)

None of the species, either included as regional possibilities, or recorded, are Red Data listed.

9.2.4 Amphibians The amphibian assemblage in the region is understandably poor as the arid nature of the area severely depresses the number of species which may be present. Bohlweki Environmental (2006) and Digby Wells (2014) collectively list only 18 frog species for the region and it is apparent that, based on habitat preferences (Minter et al, 2004), most of these will be associated with the Mokolo River to the west. Only one species Cacosternum boettgeri (Boettger’s Caco) was noted at the site and was detected based on its calls. The Pyxicephalus adspersus (Giant Bullfrog) is known to occur in the ephemeral wetlands in the study area and is Red Data listed as Near Threatened.

9.2.5 Invertebrates The invertebrates that were found and which could be identified are listed in Appendix A. A search was made for the Pterinochilus murinus (Gold Baboon Spider) but none were found. None of the observed species is known to be Red Data listed.

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Plate 11: View of the Nephila species (Golden Orb Spider)

Plate 12: View of a Pterinochilus murinus (Gold Baboon Spider) tunnel

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9.3 SENSITIVE BIOPHYSICAL FEATURES 9.3.1 Watercourses No clear distinct watercourses with typical riparian habitat were encountered during the field survey. For completeness visits to both the Mokolo and Lephalale Rivers were made to consider their ecological condition. Neither of these watercourses will be impacted by the development of the mine in its proposed location.

Plate 13: View of the Mokolo River west of the study site

Plate 14: View of the Lephalala River east of the study site

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9.3.2 Wetlands – ephemeral pans A number of ephemeral pans were identified and surveyed during the assessment. The large majority of these were dry due to the prevailing drought conditions. These pans will likely only hold water during the wet summer months of the year.

The pans all show clear evidence of being used by the larger game within in the study site. An interesting aspect is the absence of any deeper hollows which are typically created by wallowing species like Phacochoerus africanus (Warthog) that increase the depth of these pans and as a consequence their capacity to hold water.

Plate 15: View of a typical ephemeral pan

Plate 16: View of a typical ephemeral pan

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Figure 15: Location of the ephemeral pans identified on the study site

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10 IMPACT ASSESSMENT

This section aims to identify and assess the significance of the impacts associated with the Construction, Operation, Decommissioning and Closure and Post-closure of the mining project. These impacts are identified and assessed in terms of their effect on the baseline biodiversity identified on the study site. The impacts are largely limited to the study site which is defined as the properties that are associated with the establishment of the mining and mining associated infrastructure.

10.1 METHODOLOGY USED TO DETERMINE THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS The impact significance rating process serves two purposes: firstly, it helps to highlight the critical impacts requiring consideration in the management and approval process; secondly, it shows the primary impact characteristics, as defined above, used to evaluate impact significance.

The impact significance rating system is presented in Table 17 and involves three parts:

Part A: Define impact consequence using the three primary impact characteristics of magnitude, spatial scale/ population and duration;

Part B: Use the matrix to determine a rating for impact consequence based on the definitions identified in Part A; and

Part C: Use the matrix to determine the impact significance rating, which is a function of the impact consequence rating (from Part B) and the probability of occurrence.

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Table 11: Significance Rating Methodology PART A: DEFINING CONSEQUENCE IN TERMS OF MAGNITUDE, DURATION AND SPATIAL SCALE Use these definitions to define the consequence in Part B

Impact characteristics Definition Criteria

Substantial deterioration or harm to receptors; receiving environment has an inherent value to Major - stakeholders; receptors of impact are of conservation importance; or identified threshold often exceeded

Moderate/measurable deterioration or harm to receptors; receiving environment moderately Moderate - sensitive; or identified threshold occasionally exceeded

MAGNITUDE Minor deterioration (nuisance or minor deterioration) or harm to receptors; change to receiving Minor - environment not measurable; or identified threshold never exceeded

Minor + Minor improvement; change not measurable; or threshold never exceeded

Moderate + Moderate improvement; within or better than the threshold; or no observed reaction

Major + Substantial improvement; within or better than the threshold; or favourable publicity

Site or local Site specific or confined to the immediate project area

SPATIAL SCALE OR POPULATION Regional May be defined in various ways, e.g. cadastral, catchment, topographic

National/ International Nationally or beyond

Short term Up to 18 months.

DURATION Medium term 18 months to 5 years

Long term Longer than 5 years

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PART B: DETERMINING CONSEQUENCE RATING - Rate consequence based on definition of magnitude, spatial extent and duration

SPATIAL SCALE/ POPULATION

Site or Local Regional National/ international

MAGNITUDE

Long term Medium Medium High

Minor DURATION Medium term Low Low Medium

Short term Low Low Medium

Long term Medium High High

Moderate DURATION Medium term Medium Medium High

Short term Low Medium Medium

Long term High High High

Major DURATION Medium term Medium Medium High

Short term Medium Medium High PART C: DETERMINING SIGNIFICANCE RATING - Rate significance based on consequence and probability

CONSEQUENCE

Low Medium High

Definite Medium Medium High

PROBABILITY (of exposure to impacts) Possible Low Medium High

Unlikely Low Low Medium

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10.2 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION The anticipated impacts on the various biodiversity components for the life of the project have been identified as follows:

10.2.1 Impacts on the Floral Community The following impacts on the floral community on the study area have been identified.

Construction Phase All the areas that are earmarked for the establishment of the mining areas as well as associated mining infrastructure will be cleared of the current vegetation. This will result in a loss of the vegetation for the affected areas.

The loss of vegetation will result in the loss of floral genetic diversity and biomass from the development footprint. The loss of genetic diversity, in turn, will result in a reduction of the number of seeds and other propagules that may originate from the cleared areas.

Currently the vegetation on the development site acts as a carbon sink in which atmospheric CO2 is stored. The clearance of the vegetation will therefore result in the loss of this ecosystem service provided by the vegetation.

The clearance of vegetation will result in the loss of habitat for faunal and floral species.

Operational Phase Once all the vegetation is cleared from the operational areas of the mine, no additional clearing will be done. Therefore, no additional impacts are considered to take place during the operational phase of the project that directly relate to the clearance of vegetation.

Any unmanaged cleared areas within the mining area could result in the settling of alien invasive species that either migrate to these areas or are inadvertently introduced. This could lead to the creation of a source of alien species in the area and a risk to the biodiversity in the area.

The foliage on the neighbouring properties could be covered in the dust and coal dust that is generated through the mining operations. This dust covering could significantly impact on the physiological function of these plants which could result in the plants dying.

Decommissioning and Closure Phase The decommissioning phase will make provision for the removal of all structures and infrastructure from the operations area. Since the areas are already cleared of vegetation, no additional impacts will occur during this phase as a result of the clearing of vegetation.

However, as during the operational phase, the risk of the establishment of alien invasive species on the operational area exists.

Revegetation of the site will need to take place during this phase of the project. The lack of a detailed revegetation and rehabilitation plan is a major risk to the re-establishment of vegetation on the site post

4496/MVR/mvr 48 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 closure. This revegetation and rehabilitation plan must also make provision for a level of aftercare of the replanted areas to prevent the establishment of alien invasive species.

Post-closure Phase In the event that the revegetation during closure has taken place in accordance with a detailed revegetation and rehabilitation plan, no impacts relating to vegetation clearing will take place during this phase. Care must be taken post closure to ensure that the risk of alien invasive species settling on the site is minimised.

10.2.2 Impact on the Faunal Community The impacts on each of the faunal groups assessed will be considered individually in this section.

9.2.2.1 Mammals Construction Phase All moveable mammals will be removed from the site during the construction phase through an animal capturing programme. It must be noted that this animal capturing programme must be conducted by trained professionals in the field of the relocation of the targeted animals.

Smaller mammals that do not form part of this active programme will move away from the site during construction and settle on neighbouring properties.

Smaller mammals may be killed during the construction phase. This will possibly be because of illegal hunting by the unmanaged construction workers and directly by the operations of the plant and equipment used for construction.

The construction of the mining operations could lead to the creation of a physical barrier through which animals cannot move. This will result in an alteration of the movement habits of these animals which could put their existence at risk.

Operational Phase The potential for illegal hunting by the unmanaged mining employees pose a risk to the animals on the neighbouring properties.

There is a risk of animals in the area being killed on the roads that will be used for the transport of the product from the mine. The increase in the number of vehicles and haulage truck on these roads is not known, however, it is considered that there will be a significant increase in the traffic volumes during the operational phase of the mine.

Some territorial animals whose ranges border onto the mining operation are exposed to the impacts of dust and coal dust from the operations. The risk is associated with the dust settling on the foliage on the neighbouring properties which could render the plants unpalatable. The covering of dust could also impact on the physiological functioning of these plants which could result in them dying.

It is possible that the noise and vibrations generated during the operational phase (blasting, operation of large plant, etc.) could impact some species through their potential inability to adapt to the change ambient

49 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 noise levels in the area. This could impact the existence of the animals as this could result in a change to their natural behaviour that could potentially stop them from breeding.

Decommissioning and Closure Phase The resettlement of the mammalian fauna on the property must form part of the rehabilitation plan for the mining area. The mammals should only be returned once the revegetation has been completed. The settled vegetation will create a habitat into which smaller mammals will naturally move back.

A common risk to any aspect associated with the decommissioning of the mine relates to the level of rehabilitation being achieved. If the revegetation is not adequately completed, the vegetation communities will not be stable, which will result in the animal communities settling naturally or through a resettlement plant not surviving.

9.2.2.2 Birds Construction Phase The establishment of the mining and associated infrastructure will result in the movement of bird species from the mining footprint. This has the potential to decrease the avian biodiversity in the area as some species will permanently relocate.

The bird species in the surrounding environment will be at risk of being killed through illegal hunting as well as bird strikes by vehicles and equipment used during construction.

Operational Phase The birds in the area will be at risk to being struck by vehicles and haulage trucks moving on the access roads to and from the mine.

Territorial birds whose ranges adjoin the mining area maybe impacted upon by indirect factors such as the settlement of dust and coal dust on the foliage that they utilise as a source of food. It is possible that the noise and vibration generated during the operational phase may result in a change in the natural behaviour of the birds that could lead to an inability to find a mate and as a result not bread.

Decommissioning and Closure Phase Once the revegetation plan has been successfully implemented, the avian fauna will naturally return to the area. This process will take place by species moving in from the surrounding properties. The need for the implementation of a comprehensive rehabilitation plan is imperative. This rehabilitation plant should have as a goal to create a habitat to which birds will naturally migrate to.

9.2.2.3 Reptiles Construction Phase Typically, reptiles choose to hide rather than flee when threatened. This behaviour makes this animal group the most susceptible to mortalities during the construction phase of the project. The mortalities will reduce the number of reptiles in the area which will in turn reduce the genetic diversity amongst this group.

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Operational Phase In addition to the direct loss reptiles during the construction phase of the project, there will be an ongoing loss of reptile individuals during the operational phase. This loss can be attributed to animals being driven over during the movement of plant and vehicles along the haulage and access roads associated with the mine.

It is possible that the operations of the mine will result in a reduction of the habitat quality through the settlement of dust and coal dust on the vegetation of the surrounding properties. This will impact on the behaviour of the reptiles which will have the potential to impact on their natural ecology. The impacts of vibration and noise are also considered to reduce the habitat quality.

Decommissioning and Closure Phase Upon the successful completion of a comprehensive rehabilitation plan, it is very likely that the reptile species from the surrounding areas will again settle on the new rehabilitated habitat. The reptile numbers in the area will then increase which will lead to an increase in the genetic biodiversity of these species.

The above positive impact is highly dependent on the implementation of a successful rehabilitation plan. The risk to the reptile population in this regard is, if the plan is not implemented successfully, it could result in these species not settling back on the rehabilitated area, which will make the losses suffered during the construction phase permanent.

9.2.2.4 Amphibians Construction Phase It is considered that the mortality on the amphibians that occur on the site can potentially be high based on the behavioural patterns of this animal group. They typically stay underground when not foraging or mating and, like reptiles, choose rather to hide than flee when threatened. As with reptiles this puts amphibians at risk of being killed during the construction phase. These mortalities will result in a reduction of the physical numbers of these animals, which in turn affects the genetic diversity.

All indications are that Pyxicephalus adspersus (Giant Bullfrog) is present on the site, particularly in or near the ephemeral pans on the site. Any impact on the integrity of these pans during the construction phase will typically result in a potential impact on this Red Data Listed species.

Operational Phase In addition to the direct loss amphibians suffer during the construction phase of the project, there will be an ongoing loss of amphibian individuals during the operational phase. This loss can be attributed to animals being driven over during the movement of plant and vehicles along the haulage and access roads associated with the mine.

It is possible that the operations of the mine will result in a reduction of the habitat quality through the settlement of dust and coal dust on the vegetation of the surrounding properties. This will impact on the behaviour of the amphibians which will have the potential to impact on their natural ecology. The impacts of vibration and noise are also considered to reduce the habitat quality.

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Decommissioning and Closure Phase Upon the successful completion of a comprehensive rehabilitation plan, it is very likely that the amphibian species from the surrounding areas will again settle on the new rehabilitated habitat. The amphibian numbers in the area will then increase which will lead to an increase in the genetic biodiversity of these species.

The above positive impact is highly dependent on the implementation of a successful rehabilitation plan. The risk to the amphibian population in this regard, is if the plan is not implemented successfully, it could result in these species not settling back on the rehabilitated area, which will make the losses suffered during the construction phase permanent.

If consideration is given at the early stages of the mine development for the opportunity of creating aquatic / wetland habitat during the rehabilitation of the site, provision can be made during this process to facilitate the development of this habitat type specifically for the conservation of the amphibian species. The possibility of re-introducing Pyxicephalus adspersus (Giant Bullfrog) in these habitats exists.

9.2.2.5 Invertebrates Construction Phase Similar to the above two animal groups, the invertebrate numbers will be severely impacted during the construction phase of the mining area. This will impact on their numbers, which in turn will impact on the genetic diversity within the group.

The presence of Pterinochilus murinus (Gold Baboon Spider) is confirmed by the observation of tunnel openings to their nests. This species features on the Threatened or Protected Species List. The impact on this particular species is considered to be severe on the mining footprint during construction.

Operational Phase In addition to the direct loss invertebrate species during the construction phase of the project, there will be an ongoing loss of these individuals during the operational phase. This loss can be attributed to animals being driven over during the movement of plant and vehicles along the haulage and access roads associated with the mine.

It is possible that the operations of the mine will result in a reduction of the habitat quality through the settlement of dust and coal dust on the vegetation of the surrounding properties. This will impact on the behaviour of the invertebrate species, which will have the potential to impact on their natural ecology. The impacts of vibration and noise are also considered to reduce the habitat quality.

Decommissioning and Closure Phase Upon the successful completion of a comprehensive rehabilitation plan, it is very likely that the invertebrate species from the surrounding areas will again settle on the new rehabilitated habitat. The species numbers in the area will then increase which will lead to an increase in the genetic biodiversity of these species.

The above positive impact is highly dependent on the implementation of a successful rehabilitation plan. The risk to the invertebrate population in this regard is, if the plan is not implemented successfully, it could result

52 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 in these species not settling back on the rehabilitated area, which will make the losses suffered during the construction phase permanent.

10.2.3 Impacts on Aquatic Features Construction Phase The construction footprint of the mining area contains several wetland areas in the form of ephemeral pans. Although the individual sites are generally small (< 0.5 ha) and are generally only seasonally wetted, they are of high importance to the local fauna as a water source, as a foraging area, and as primary habitat for amphibians, some invertebrates, and some plants. These systems will be totally destroyed by the construction process and so there will be impacts on a wide range of species.

Operational Phase The properties surrounding the site also contain these ephemeral pans. The release of dust and coal dust poses the risk of the ecological state of these pans being affected during the operational phase of the mine. The settling of dust and coal dust within these areas will potentially impact on the water quality in the pans.

Decommissioning and Closure Phase All the wetlands on the site are characterised as ephemeral pans which formed in shallow ground depressions where surface water accumulates during rainfall events. These areas have naturally collected clay materials which contribute to the development of an impermeable base which is able to retain water. If consideration to the location and size of these pans are given during the rehabilitation of the mining area, an opportunity is created to recreated similar depressions to facilitate the development of these pans over time.

It is considered that the mine pit has the potential of being rehabilitated in such a way that it could function as a wetland area post rehabilitation. If the areas around the pit are shaped during the rehabilitation earthworks to accept all the surrounding run-off, the pit can function as a wetland system in which wetland fauna and flora species can re-establish.

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10.3 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 10.3.1 Impacts on the flora The assessment of the significance of the identified impacts on the floral community as well as the management and mitigation measures of each of the impacts, is provided in the Table below.

Table 12: Impact assessment and management and mitigation measures associated with the flora PHASE IMPACT RATING WITHOUT MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES RATING WITH MITIGATION MITIGATION

Construction Loss of vegetation from the Long term A Search and Rescue Plan must be implemented to remove all plant species Long term mining site resulting in the that have the potential to survive the relocation. These plants must be Site to local extent Site local extent loss of genetic diversity. planted on a designated area (or nursery) for use during any continuous High significance rehabilitation that may take place during the operational phase of the mine. Low to medium significance The Search and Rescue Plan must be compiled by a qualified Botanist and be implemented before the construction phase of the mine is to commence.

Where possible, the removal of vegetation must take place in a phase approach to limit the amount of bear soil exposed to the elements.

Loss of seed source. Medium term The Search and Rescue Plan must make provision for the collection of seeds Medium term from seeding plants before the vegetation is removed. Site to local extent Site to local extent Where possible, these seeds should be stored for use during the potential Low significance Low significance continuous rehabilitation process that should be implemented during the operational phase of the mining operation.

Loss of the carbon sink Medium term Where vegetation clearing within the mining site is not required, this Medium term ecosystem service. vegetation should be kept intact. Site to local extent Site to local extent

Low significance Low significance

Loss of habitat for faunal Long term Where vegetation clearing within the mining site is not required, this Long term species vegetation should be kept intact. Site to local extent Site to local extent

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PHASE IMPACT RATING WITHOUT MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES RATING WITH MITIGATION MITIGATION

Medium Medium significance significance

Operation Establishment of alien Long term An active Alien Invasive Weed Control Plan must be implemented for the Long term invasive weeds. duration of the life of mine. The plan must make provision for the Site to local extent Site to local extent identification of and specific eradication measures for each of the alien Medium species that may settle on the site. Low significance significance The plan must also make provision for the timing of the implementation of specific eradication measures to limit the seed development of each of the species.

Creation of an alien Long term An active Alien Invasive Weed Control Plan must be implemented for the Long term invasive weed source duration of the life of mine. The plan must make provision for the Site to local extent Site to local extent point. identification of and specific eradication measures for each of the alien Medium species that may settle on the site. Low significance significance The plan must also make provision for the timing of the implementation of specific eradication measures to limit the seed development of each of the species.

Decrease in habitat quality Long term Comprehensive dust and coal dust control measures must be included in the Long term due to dust and coal dust Environmental Management Programme for the entire mining operation. Site to local extent Site to local extent emissions. This will limit the amount of fugitive dust and coal dust that can pollute the Medium surrounding areas Low significance significance

Decommissioning Establishment of alien Long term An active Alien Invasive Weed Control Plan must be implemented for the and closure invasive weeds. duration of the life of mine. The plan must make provision for the Site to local extent identification of and specific eradication measures for each of the alien Medium species that may settle on the site. significance

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PHASE IMPACT RATING WITHOUT MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES RATING WITH MITIGATION MITIGATION

The plan must also make provision for the timing of the implementation of specific eradication measures to limit the seed development of each of the species.

Creation of an alien Long term An active Alien Invasive Weed Control Plan must be implemented for the invasive weed source duration of the life of mine. The plan must make provision for the Site to local extent point. identification of and specific eradication measures for each of the alien Medium species that may settle on the site. significance The plan must also make provision for the timing of the implementation of specific eradication measures to limit the seed development of each of the species.

Implementation of a Long term A comprehensive Revegetation and Rehabilitation Plan must be compiled Long term comprehensive before the mining operations commence. This plan will guide the process of Site to local extent Site to local extent revegetation and continuous rehabilitation as the mine develops which will limit the amount rehabilitation plan. High significance of rehabilitation works required upon mine closure. High significance

The Revegetation and Rehabilitation Plan must make provision for the correct plant species that will need to be utilised during the rehabilitation phase as well as the seasonal timing of the implementation of the rehabilitation.

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10.3.2 Impacts on mammals The assessment of the significance of the identified impacts on the mammalian community as well as the management and mitigation measures of each of the impacts, is provided in the Table below.

Table 13: Impact assessment and management and mitigation measures associated with the mammals PHASE IMPACT RATING WITHOUT MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES RATING WITH MITIGATION MITIGATION

Construction Loss of mammal species Long term A Relocation Plan must be compiled and implemented before the Long term from the site. commencement of construction of the mining site. This plan must Site to local extent Site local extent make provision for the capture techniques, seasonal timing of the High significance capture procedures, the relocation procedures and the relocation Low to medium areas for each of the identified mammal species that will be significance relocated.

Loss of mammal species Medium term The Environmental Management Programme that must be in place Medium term due to illegal hunting. for the life of mine must make provision for the prevention of illegal Site to local extent Site to local extent hunting, not only during the construction phase, but also for the Low significance duration of the life of mine. Low significance

Barrier for the movement Long term No mitigation is possible during the construction phase, but if Long term of mammal species continuous rehabilitation is implemented during the life of mine, the Site to local extent Site to local extent movement of species will be facilitated as the habitat is recreated on Low to medium the previously disturbed areas. Low significance significance

Operation Loss of mammals due to Long term The Environmental Management Programme for the mining Long term illegal hunting operation must contain an Environmental Induction section which Site to local extent Site to local extent must be explained to each employee on the mine. This induction Medium must include information with regards to the prohibition of any Low significance significance hunting on the mining site as well as any neighbouring property.

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PHASE IMPACT RATING WITHOUT MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES RATING WITH MITIGATION MITIGATION

Loss of animals due to Long term The Environmental Management Programme for the mining Long term animal strikes on access operation must make provision for the limiting of speeds on the Site to local extent Site to local extent and haulage roads. haulage roads. When movement of vehicles at night is required, the Medium programme must make provision for the lighting associated with each Low significance significance of the vehicles.

The fencing off of all access and haulage roads with bonox type game fencing will also limit the number of animals that will have access to the access and haulage roads.

Decrease in habitat quality Long term Comprehensive dust and coal dust control measures must be Long term due to dust and coal dust included in the Environmental Management Programme for the Regional extent Site to local extent emissions. entire mining operation. This will limit the amount of fugitive dust Medium and coal dust that can pollute the surrounding areas Low significance significance

Decrease in habitat quality Long term Provision must be made in the Environmental Management Long term due to the noise and Programme to reduce the amount of noise that is generated by the Site to local extent Site to local extent vibrations caused by the plant and vehicles associated with the mining operations. operations. Medium Low significance significance

Decommissioning Implementation of a Long term As the recreation of species habitat is paramount for the Long term and closure comprehensive management and mitigation of this impact, the implementation of a Site to local extent Site to local extent revegetation and comprehensive Revegetation and Rehabilitation Plan is of utmost rehabilitation plan. High significance importance. High significance

The comprehensive Revegetation and Rehabilitation Plan must be compiled before the mining operations commence. This plan will guide the process of continuous rehabilitation as the mine develops

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PHASE IMPACT RATING WITHOUT MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES RATING WITH MITIGATION MITIGATION

which will limit the amount of rehabilitation works required upon mine closure.

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10.3.3 Impacts on avifauna The assessment of the significance of the identified impacts on the avifaunal community as well as the management and mitigation measures of each of the impacts, is provided in the Table below.

Table 14: Impact assessment and management and mitigation measures associated with the avifauna PHASE IMPACT RATING WITHOUT MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES RATING WITH MITIGATION MITIGATION

Construction Loss of bird species from Long term A Relocation Plan must be compiled and implemented before the Long term the site. commencement of construction of the mining site. This plan must Site to local extent Site local extent make provision for the capture techniques, seasonal timing of the High significance capture procedures, the relocation procedures and the relocation Low to medium areas for each of the identified bird species that will be relocated. significance

Loss of bird species due to Medium term The Environmental Management Programme that must be in place Medium term illegal hunting. for the life of mine must make provision for the prevention of illegal Site to local extent Site to local extent hunting, not only during the construction phase, but also for the Low significance duration of the life of mine. Low significance

Operation Loss of birds due to illegal Long term The Environmental Management Programme for the mining Long term hunting operation must contain an Environmental Induction section which Site to local extent Site to local extent must be explained to each employee on the mine. This induction Medium must include information with regards to the prohibition of any Low significance significance hunting on the mining site as well as any neighbouring property.

Loss of birds due to bird Long term The Environmental Management Programme for the mining Long term strikes on access and operation must make provision for the limiting of speeds on the Site to local extent Site to local extent haulage roads. haulage roads. When movement of vehicles at night are required, the Medium programme must make provision for the lighting associated with each Low significance significance of the vehicles.

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PHASE IMPACT RATING WITHOUT MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES RATING WITH MITIGATION MITIGATION

The comprehensive Revegetation and Rehabilitation Plan must be compiled before the mining operations commence. This plan will guide the process of continuous rehabilitation as the mine develops, which will limit the amount of rehabilitation works required upon mine closure.

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10.3.4 Impacts on reptiles The assessment of the significance of the identified impacts on the reptile community as well as the management and mitigation measures of each of the impacts, is provided in the Table below.

Table 15: Impact assessment and management and mitigation measures associated with the reptiles PHASE IMPACT RATING WITHOUT MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES RATING WITH MITIGATION MITIGATION

Construction Loss of reptile species from Long term A Relocation Plan must be compiled and implemented before the Long term the site. commencement of construction of the mining site. This plan must Site to local extent Site local extent make provision for the capture techniques, seasonal timing of the High significance capture procedures, the relocation procedures and the relocation Low to medium areas for each of the identified reptile species that will be relocated. significance

Loss of reptile species due Medium term The Environmental Management Programme that must be in place Medium term to illegal hunting. for the life of mine must make provision for the prevention of illegal Site to local extent Site to local extent hunting, not only during the construction phase, but also for the Low significance duration of the life of mine. Low significance

Operation Loss of reptile due to illegal Long term The Environmental Management Programme for the mining Long term hunting operation must contain an Environmental Induction section which Site to local extent Site to local extent must be explained to each employee on the mine. This induction Medium must include information with regards to the prohibition of any Low significance significance hunting on the mining site as well as any neighbouring property.

Loss of reptiles due to Long term The Environmental Management Programme for the mining Long term strikes on access and operation must make provision for the limiting of speeds on the Site to local extent Site to local extent haulage roads. haulage roads. When movement of vehicles at night is required, the Medium programme must make provision for the lighting associated with each Low significance significance of the vehicles.

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PHASE IMPACT RATING WITHOUT MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES RATING WITH MITIGATION MITIGATION

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10.3.5 Impacts on amphibians The assessment of the significance of the identified impacts on the amphibian community as well as the management and mitigation measures of each of the impacts, is provided in the Table below.

Table 16: Impact assessment and management and mitigation measures associated with the amphibians PHASE IMPACT RATING WITHOUT MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES RATING WITH MITIGATION MITIGATION

Construction Loss of amphibian species Long term A Relocation Plan must be compiled and implemented before the Long term from the site. commencement of construction of the mining site. This plan must Site to local extent Site local extent make provision for the capture techniques, seasonal timing of the High significance capture procedures, the relocation procedures and the relocation Low to medium areas for each of the identified reptile species that will be relocated. significance

This Relocation Plan must make provision for the capture and relocation of Pyxicephalus adspersus (Giant Bullfrog) to suitable habitats off site. The capture and relocation of this species must be done by a trained amphibian specialist familiar with the behaviour of the species.

Loss of amphibian species Medium term The Environmental Management Programme that must be in place Medium term due to illegal hunting. for the life of mine must make provision for the prevention of illegal Site to local extent Site to local extent hunting, not only during the construction phase, but also for the Low significance duration of the life of mine. Low significance

Operation Loss of amphibian species Long term The Environmental Management Programme for the mining Long term due to illegal hunting operation must contain an Environmental Induction section which Site to local extent Site to local extent must be explained to each employee on the mine. This induction Medium must include information with regards to the prohibition of any Low significance significance hunting on the mining site as well as any neighbouring property.

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PHASE IMPACT RATING WITHOUT MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES RATING WITH MITIGATION MITIGATION

Loss of amphibian species Long term The Environmental Management Programme for the mining Long term due to strikes on access operation must make provision for the limiting of speeds on the Site to local extent Site to local extent and haulage roads. haulage roads. When movement of vehicles at night is required, the Medium programme must make provision for the lighting associated with each Low significance significance of the vehicles.

The Revegetation and Rehabilitation Plan must make provision for the correct plant species that will need to be utilised during the

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PHASE IMPACT RATING WITHOUT MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES RATING WITH MITIGATION MITIGATION

rehabilitation phase as well as the seasonal timing of the implementation of the rehabilitation.

In the instance of this specific animal group, the Rehabilitation Plan can make provision for the creation of specific wetland habitat (ephemeral pans) in which these animals can be resettled.

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10.3.6 Impacts on invertebrates The assessment of the significance of the identified impacts on the invertebrate community as well as the management and mitigation measures of each of the impacts, is provided in the Table below.

Table 17: Impact assessment and management and mitigation measures associated with the invertebrates PHASE IMPACT RATING WITHOUT MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES RATING WITH MITIGATION MITIGATION

Construction Loss of invertebrate Long term A Relocation Plan must be compiled and implemented before the Long term species from the site. commencement of construction of the mining site. This plan must Site to local extent Site local extent make provision for the capture techniques, seasonal timing of the High significance capture procedures, the relocation procedures and the relocation Low to medium areas for each of the identified reptile species that will be relocated. significance

This Relocation Plan must make provision for the capture and relocation of Pterinochilus murinus (Gold Baboon Spider) to suitable habitats off site. The capture and relocation of this species must be done by a trained arachnid specialist familiar with the behaviour of the species.

Loss of invertebrate Medium term The Environmental Management Programme that must be in place Medium term species due to illegal for the life of mine must make provision for the prevention of illegal Site to local extent Site to local extent hunting. hunting, not only during the construction phase, but also for the Low significance duration of the life of mine. Low significance

Operation Loss of invertebrate Long term The Environmental Management Programme for the mining Long term species due to illegal operation must contain an Environmental Induction section which Site to local extent Site to local extent hunting must be explained to each employee on the mine. This induction Medium must include information with regards to the prohibition of any Low significance significance hunting on the mining site as well as any neighbouring property.

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PHASE IMPACT RATING WITHOUT MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES RATING WITH MITIGATION MITIGATION

Loss of invertebrate Long term The Environmental Management Programme for the mining Long term species due to strikes on operation must make provision for the limiting of speeds on the Site to local extent Site to local extent access and haulage roads. haulage roads. When movement of vehicles at night is required, the Medium programme must make provision for the lighting associated with each Low significance significance of the vehicles.

The Revegetation and Rehabilitation Plan must make provision for the correct plant species that will need to be utilised during the

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rehabilitation phase as well as the seasonal timing of the implementation of the rehabilitation.

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10.3.7 Impacts on wetlands The assessment of the significance of the identified impacts on the wetlands (ephemeral pans) as well as the management and mitigation measures of each of the impacts, is provided in the Table below.

Table 18: Impact assessment and management and mitigation measures associated with the invertebrates PHASE IMPACT RATING WITHOUT MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES RATING WITH MITIGATION MITIGATION

Construction Loss of wetland habitat Long term As the recreation of species habitat is paramount for the Long term management and mitigation of this impact, the implementation of a Site to local extent Site local extent comprehensive Revegetation and Rehabilitation Plan is of utmost High significance importance. Low to medium significance The comprehensive Revegetation and Rehabilitation Plan must be compiled before the mining operations commence. This plan will guide the process of continuous rehabilitation as the mine develops, which will limit the amount of rehabilitation works required upon mine closure.

Operation Decrease in habitat quality Long term Comprehensive dust and coal dust control measures must be Long term due to dust and coal dust included in the Environmental Management Programme for the Regional extent Site to local extent emissions deposited on entire mining operation. This will limit the amount of fugitive dust neighbouring wetlands. Medium and coal dust that can pollute the surrounding areas Low significance significance

The comprehensive Revegetation and Rehabilitation Plan must be compiled before the mining operations commence. This plan will guide the process of continuous rehabilitation as the mine develops,

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PHASE IMPACT RATING WITHOUT MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES RATING WITH MITIGATION MITIGATION

which will limit the amount of rehabilitation works required upon mine closure.

The Revegetation and Rehabilitation Plan must make provision for the identification of areas as well as the correct engineering of these areas ensuring the recreation of ephemeral pans within the mining area.

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11 MITIGATION MEASURES

Consideration of the mining project which is the focus of this study suggests that it will not be possible to return the site to its pre-development state once the mine is worked out and is decommissioned. While it might be possible to remove all mining and mining related infrastructure from the site during the decommissioning of the operations, it will not be possible to refill the mine pits. The single largest component of the mining operation therefore will be left as a landscape feature into the indefinite future. Given the above constraints, the objective of the mitigation measures proposed, is to recreate an environment which is conducive to allowing and encouraging the recolonization or resettlement of the area with locally indigenous flora and fauna and which will ensure their sustainability.

The Table below makes provision for the key management and mitigation measures that must be include in the operational and Environmental Management Programme that must be implemented for the entire life cycle of the mine.

Table 19: Management and mitigation measures: Flora PHASE MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES

Construction A Search and Rescue Plan must be implemented to remove all plant species that have the potential to survive the relocation. These plants must be planted on a designated area (or nursery) for use during any continuous rehabilitation that may take place during the operational phase of the mine.

The Search and Rescue Plan must be compiled by a qualified Botanist and be implemented before the construction phase of the mine is to commence.

Where possible, the removal of vegetation must take place in a phase approach to limit the amount of bear soil exposed to the elements.

The Search and Rescue Plan must make provision for the collection of seeds from seeding plants before the vegetation is removed.

Where possible, these seeds should be stored for use during the potential continuous rehabilitation process that should be implemented during the operational phase of the mining operation.

Where vegetation clearing within the mining site is not required, this vegetation should be kept intact.

Operation An active Alien Invasive Weed Control Plan must be implemented for the duration of the life of mine. The plan must make provision for the identification of and specific eradication measures for each of the alien species that may settle on the site.

The plan must also make provision for the timing of the implementation of specific eradication measures to limit the seed development of each of the species.

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PHASE MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES

An active Alien Invasive Weed Control Plan must be implemented for the duration of the life of mine. The plan must make provision for the identification of and specific eradication measures for each of the alien species that may settle on the site.

The plan must also make provision for the timing of the implementation of specific eradication measures to limit the seed development of each of the species.

Comprehensive dust and coal dust control measures must be included in the Environmental Management Programme for the entire mining operation. This will limit the amount of fugitive dust and coal dust that can pollute the surrounding areas

Decommissioning An active Alien Invasive Weed Control Plan must be implemented for the duration of the life of and closure mine. The plan must make provision for the identification of and specific eradication measures for each of the alien species that may settle on the site.

The plan must also make provision for the timing of the implementation of specific eradication measures to limit the seed development of each of the species.

A comprehensive Revegetation and Rehabilitation Plan must be compiled before the mining operations commence. This plan will guide the process of continuous rehabilitation as the mine develops which will limit the amount of rehabilitation works required upon mine closure.

Table 20: Management and mitigation measures: Mammals PHASE MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES

Construction A Relocation Plan must be compiled and implemented before the commencement of construction of the mining site. This plan must make provision for the capture techniques, seasonal timing of the capture procedures, the relocation procedures and the relocation areas for each of the identified mammal species that will be relocated.

The Environmental Management Programme that must be in place for the life of mine must make provision for the prevention of illegal hunting, not only during the construction phase, but also for the duration of the life of mine.

No mitigation is possible during the construction phase, but if continuous rehabilitation is implemented during the life of mine, the movement of species will be facilitated as the habitat is recreated on the previously disturbed areas.

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PHASE MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES

Operation The Environmental Management Programme for the mining operation must contain an Environmental Induction section which must be explained to each employee on the mine. This induction must include information with regards to the prohibition of any hunting on the mining site as well as any neighbouring property.

The Environmental Management Programme for the mining operation must make provision for the limiting of speeds on the haulage roads. When movement of vehicles at night is required, the programme must make provision for the lighting associated with each of the vehicles.

The fencing off of all access and haulage roads with bonox type game fencing will also limit the number of animals that will have access to the access and haulage roads.

Provision must be made in the Environmental Management Programme to reduce the amount of noise that is generated by the plant and vehicles associated with the mining operations.

Decommissioning As the recreation of species habitat is paramount for the management and mitigation of this and closure impact, the implementation of a comprehensive Revegetation and Rehabilitation Plan is of utmost importance.

The comprehensive Revegetation and Rehabilitation Plan must be compiled before the mining operations commence. This plan will guide the process of continuous rehabilitation as the mine develops which will limit the amount of rehabilitation works required upon mine closure.

Table 21: Management and mitigation measures: Avifauna PHASE MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES

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PHASE MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES

Provision must be made in the Environmental Management Programme to reduce the amount of noise that is generated by the plant and vehicles associated with the mining operations.

Table 22: Management and mitigation measures: Reptiles PHASE MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES

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PHASE MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES

Provision must be made in the Environmental Management Programme to reduce the amount of noise that is generated by the plant and vehicles associated with the mining operations.

Table 23: Management and mitigation measures: Amphibians PHASE MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES

Provision must be made in the Environmental Management Programme to reduce the amount of noise that is generated by the plant and vehicles associated with the mining operations.

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PHASE MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES

In the instance of this specific animal group, the Rehabilitation Plan can make provision for the creation of specific wetland habitat (ephemeral pans) in which these animals can be resettled.

Table 24: Management and mitigation measures: Invertebrates PHASE MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES

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PHASE MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES

Provision must be made in the Environmental Management Programme to reduce the amount of noise that is generated by the plant and vehicles associated with the mining operations.

Table 25: Management and mitigation measures: Aquatic Features PHASE MANAGEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES

Construction As the recreation of species habitat is paramount for the management and mitigation of this impact, the implementation of a comprehensive Revegetation and Rehabilitation Plan is of utmost importance.

Operation Comprehensive dust and coal dust control measures must be included in the Environmental Management Programme for the entire mining operation. This will limit the amount of fugitive dust and coal dust that can pollute the surrounding areas

The comprehensive Revegetation and Rehabilitation Plan must be compiled before the mining operations is to commence. This plan will guide the process of continuous rehabilitation as the mine develops, which will limit the amount of rehabilitation works required upon mine closure.

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12 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The following section deals directly with the recommendations proposed by the specialist with regards to the project construction and operations.

12.1 CONDITIONS TO BE INCLUDED IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL AUTHORISATION The following conditions must be included in the Environmental Authorisation:

• Compilation of the Approved Environmental Management Programme that makes provision for the principled based approach to environmental management on the mine. This document must be completed in accordance with Appendix 4 of the Environmental Impact Regulations (2014) as amended published in terms of NEMA; • Compilation of an Alien Invasive Management Plan to be implemented for the duration of the life of mine; • Compilation of a Rehabilitation Plan to be implemented for the duration of the life of mine. This plan must make provision for continuous rehabilitation as well as the rehabilitation upon closure of the mine. • Compilation of a Revegetation Plan to be implemented for the duration of the life of mine. This plan must make provision for revegetation during the continuous rehabilitation process that must be implemented during the operation of the mine; • Compilation of a Capture and Relocation Plan for the larger game species that occur on the site. This plan must make provision for the identification of species to be relocated, the specific capture methods, the specific transport requirements for each species as well as the identification of the suitable habitat that the animals will be relocated to; • Compilation of a Capture and Relocation Plan, specific for Pyxicephalus adspersus (Giant Bullfrog). This plan must be compiled by a qualified zoologist with knowledge of the species; • Compilation of a Capture and Relocation Plan, specific for Pterinochilus murinus (Gold Baboon Spider). This plan must be compiled by a qualified zoologist with knowledge of the species; • Compilation of a Search and Rescue Plan for the plant species that can be relocated off the site. This plan must make provision for the identification of the specific plant species, the methods for collecting these and identification of the relocation sites or nursery. This plan must be compiled by a qualified botanist; • Compilation of a Seed Collection Plan for plant species that are seeding. This plan must make provision for the identification of the specific plant species, the methods for collecting the seeds and the method for storage of the collected seeds. This plan must be compiled by a qualified botanist; and • Compilation of a Closure Plan that makes provision for the requirements of Appendix 5 of the Environmental Impact Regulations (2014) as amended.

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In addition to the requirements mentioned above, the monitoring requirements discussed in Section 9.2 below must also be included in the Environmental Authorisation.

12.2 MONITORING REQUIREMENTS The monitoring requirements that must be included in the Environmental Authorisation must make provision for the following:

An independent Environmental Control Officer (ECO) must monitor the site on a monthly basis for the duration the construction phase. The duties of the ECO during this phase will be:

• Monitoring of compliance with the sections of the Environmental Management Programme that deals with the construction of the mining and mining related activities; • Compilation of a monthly report indicating the level of compliance with the requirements of the Environmental Management Programme. This audit report must, as a minimum meet the requirements of Appendix 7 of the Environmental Impact Regulations (2014) as amended; and • Submission of the monthly audit report directly to the relevant authority.

An independent ECO must monitor the site on a bi-annual basis (twice a year) for the duration the operational phase. The duties of the ECO during this phase will be:

• Monitoring of compliance with the sections of the Environmental Management Programme that deals with the operation of the mining activities; • Compilation of an annual audit report to the relevant authorities in fulfilment of the requirements of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (Act No. 28 of 2002). This audit report must, as a minimum meet the requirements of Appendix 7 of the Environmental Impact Regulations (2014) as amended; and • Submission of the annual audit report directly to the relevant authority.

An independent ECO must monitor the site on a quarterly basis (four times a year) for the duration the decommissioning and closure phase. The duties of the ECO during this phase will be:

• Monitoring and auditing of the implementation of the Closure Plan; • Compilation of the quarterly audit report detailing the compliance with the implementation of the Closure Plan; and • Submission of the quarterly audit report to the relevant authority.

An independent ECO must monitor the site on an annual basis for a period of three years after the issuing of the Closure Certificate by the relevant authority. The duties of the ECO during this phase will be:

• Monitoring and auditing of the specific closure objectives included in the Closure Plan once implemented; • Compilation of an annual audit report of the progress of each of these closure objectives; and • Submission of the annual audit report to the relevant authority.

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It must be noted that the ECO will have no contractual jurisdiction to stop works on site or to approve or reject method statements. These functions are the sole responsibility of the registered Resident Engineer.

12.3 SPECIALIST’S OPINION It is the opinion of the specialist that none of the biodiversity impacts identified during this assessment are considered to be “fatal flaws” to the development of the project. It is therefore the opinion of the specialist that there are no biodiversity associated reasons why the development of the mine should not be authorised.

The severity of all the impacts can be successfully managed and mitigated and to a large degree overturned with the implementation of the management and mitigation measures contained in this assessment. These outcomes must be considered during the mining planning as this will ensure that provision for achieving these will be made from the initiation of the mine. In addition, all the management and mitigation requirements must be included in all tender documents which will seek to appoint contractors for various tasks on the mine. This will ensure that the contractors make provision for these requirements as pay-items in their bid submissions.

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VAN DER WALT, R. 2009. Wild Flowers of the Limpopo Valley including Mapungubwe National Park. Limpopo Valley Herb Project. Published by the author. Sponsored by Coal of Africa Limited. [email protected]

WOODHALL, S. 2005. Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Struik Publishers (Pty) Ltd. Cape Town. www.struik.co.za

84 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496

APPENDIX 2 – SPECIES LISTS

• Floral Species List

• Mammalian Species List

• Avifaunal Species List

• Herpetofauna Species List

• Amphibian Species List

• Invertebrate Species List

4496/MVR/mvr 85 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 Floral Species List

LISTED IN OBSERVED AND 2016 SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY REGIONAL STUDIES ANECDOTAL STATUS* Abutilon angulatum MALVACEAE X

Abutilon pycnodon MALVACEAE X

Abutilon ramosum MALVACEAE X

Acacia mellifera (Vahl) Benth. subsp. Detinens FABACEAE X

Acanthosicyos naudinianus CUCURBITACEAE X

Achyropsis avicularis AMARANTHACEAE X

Acrotome inflata LAMIACEAE X

Afrocanthium gilfillanii RUBIACEAE X

Albizia adianthifolia FABACEAE X

Albizia brevifolia Schinz FABACEAE X

Albizia versicolor FABACEAE X

Ammannia prieuriana LYTHRACEAE X X

Ammocharis coranica AMARYLLIDACEAE X

Aptosimum lineare SCROPHULARIACEAE X

Aristida adscensionis POACEAE X

Aristida rhiniochloa POACEAE X

Asparagus aggregatus ASPARAGACEAE X

Asparagus aspergillus ASPARAGACEAE X

Asparagus cooperi ASPARAGACEAE X

Asparagus nelsii ASPARAGACEAE X X

Asparagus sauveolens ASPARAGACEAE X

Barleria affinis ACANTHACEAE X X

Barleria saxatilis ACANTHACEAE X

Barleria senensis ACANTHACEAE X

Bauhinia galpinii FABACEAE X

Bauhinia petersiana Bolle subsp. macrantha FABACEAE X

Blepharis diversispina ACANTHACEAE X X

Blepharis inaequalis ACANTHACEAE X

Blepharis subvolubilis ACANTHACEAE X

4496/MVR/mvr 86 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 LISTED IN OBSERVED AND 2016 SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY REGIONAL STUDIES ANECDOTAL STATUS*

Boscia albitrunca CAPPARACEAE X X

Boscia foetida Schinz subsp. minima CAPPARACEAE X

Boscia foetida Schinz subsp. rehmanniana CAPPARACEAE X

Bridelia mollis PHYLLANTHACEAE X

Cardiospermum corindum SAPINDACEAE X

Carissa bispinosa APOCYNACEAE X

Ceratotheca triloba PEDALIACEAE X

Chaetacme aristata CELTIDACEAE X

Chamaecrista mimosoides FABACEAE X

Chloris roxburghiana POACEAE X

Chorisochora transvaalensis ACANTHACEAE X

Cienfugosia digitata MALVACEAE X

Citrullus lanatus CUCURBITACEAE X X

Coccinia rehmannii CUCURBITACEAE X X Combretum apiculatum Sond. subsp. Apiculatum COMBRETACEAE X

Combretum cf. hereroense COMBRETACEAE X

Combretum imberbe COMBRETACEAE X

Combretum microphyllum COMBRETACEAE X

Combretum zeyheri COMBRETACEAE X

Commelina africana COMMELINACEAE X

Commelina benghalensis COMMELINACEAE X

Commelina erecta COMMELINACEAE X

Commicarpus pilosus NYCTAGINACEAE X

Commiphora marlothii BURSERACEAE X X

Commiphora pyracanthoides BURSERACEAE X

Corbichonia decumbens LOPHIOCARPACEAE X X

Corchorus asplenifolius MALVACEAE X

Corchorus kirkii MALVACEAE X

Cotula anthemoides ASTERACEAE X

Craterostigma plantagineum SCROPHULARIACEAE X

Crinum buphanoides AMARYLLIDACEAE X

87 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 LISTED IN OBSERVED AND 2016 SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY REGIONAL STUDIES ANECDOTAL STATUS*

Crinum crassicaule AMARYLLIDACEAE X X

Crotalaria brachycarpa FABACEAE X

Crotalaria distans FABACEAE X

Crotalaria schinzii FABACEAE X

Crotalaria sphaerocarpa FABACEAE X

Croton gratissimus Burch. var. Subgratissimus EUPHORBIACEAE X

Cymbopogon nardus POACEAE X

Cymbopogon pospischilii POACEAE X

Cyperus sphaerospermus CYPERACEAE X

Dactyloctenium giganteum POACEAE X

Denekia capensis ASTERACEAE X X

Dichrostachys cinerea FABACEAE X X

Dicoma tomentosa ASTERACEAE X

Digitaria eriantha POACEAE X

Diplorhynchus condylocarpon APOCYNACEAE X

Dombeya rotundifolia MALVACEAE X

Dyschoriste rogersii ACANTHACEAE X X

Ehretia rigida BORAGINACEAE X

Eleocharis limosa CYPERACEAE X

Endostemon tereticaulis LAMIACEAE X X

Enneapogon cenchroides POACEAE X

Enteropogon macrostachyus POACEAE X

Eragrostis gummiflua POACEAE X

Eragrostis heteromera POACEAE X

Eragrostis hierniana POACEAE X

Eragrostis lehmanniana var. lehmanniana POACEAE X

Eragrostis pallens POACEAE X

Eragrostis rotifer POACEAE X

Eragrostis superba POACEAE X

Eragrostis trichophora POACEAE X

Erianthemum ngamicum LORANTHACEAE X

88 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 LISTED IN OBSERVED AND 2016 SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY REGIONAL STUDIES ANECDOTAL STATUS* Euclea natalensis subsp. angustifolia EBENACEAE X

Euclea undulata EBENACEAE X X Euphorbia cf limpopoana EUPHORBIACEAE X

Euphorbia hirta EUPHORBIACEAE X

Euphorbia inequilatera EUPHORBIACEAE X

Euphorbia peplus EUPHORBIACEAE X

Evolvulus alsinoides CONVOLVULACEAE X X Felicia mossamedensis ASTERACEAE X

Ficus abutilifolia MORACEAE X

Gardenia volkensii subsp. Spatulifolia RUBIACEAE X

Geigeria burkei ASTERACEAE X

Gizekia africana GISEKIACEAE X

Gladiolus rehmannii IRIDACEAE X

Gomphocarpus fruticosus APOCYNACEAE X

Gomphrena celosioides AMARANTHACEAE X

Grewia flava MALVACEAE X X Grewia flavescens MALVACEAE X

Grewia monticola MALVACEAE X X Grewia subspathulata MALVACEAE X

Gymnosporia tenuispina CELASTRACEAE X

Helichrysum argyrosphaerum ASTERACEAE X

Heliotropium nelsonii BORAGINACEAE X

Heliotropium ovalifolium BORAGINACEAE X

Heliotropium strigosum BORAGINACEAE X

Hermannia boraginiflora MALVACEAE X

Hermannia grisea MALVACEAE X

Hermannia modesta MALVACEAE X

Hermbstaedtia odorata AMARANTHACEAE X X Hexalobus monopetalus ANNONACEAE X

Hibiscus calyphyllus MALVACEAE X

Hibiscus cf. palmatus MALVACEAE X

Hibiscus engleri MALVACEAE X X Hibiscus meyeri MALVACEAE X

Hibiscus micranthus MALVACEAE X

Hibiscus schinzii MALVACEAE X

Hirpicium bechuanense ASTERACEAE X X Hyparrhenia cymbaria POACEAE X

Indigastrum costatum FABACEAE X

89 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 LISTED IN OBSERVED AND 2016 SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY REGIONAL STUDIES ANECDOTAL STATUS* Indigofera cf. heterotricha FABACEAE X

Indigofera circinnata FABACEAE X X Indigofera holubii FABACEAE X

Indigofera pongolana FABACEAE X

Indigofera schimperi FABACEAE X

Indigofera trita FABACEAE X

Indigofera vicioides FABACEAE X

Ipomoea bolusiana CONVOLVULACEAE X

Ipomoea magnusiana CONVOLVULACEAE X X Ipomoea obscura CONVOLVULACEAE X X Ipomoea sinensis subsp. blepharosepala CONVOLVULACEAE X X Justicia exigua ACANTHACEAE X

Justicia flava ACANTHACEAE X

Justicia odora ACANTHACEAE X

Justicia protracta subsp. protracta ACANTHACEAE X X Kalanchoe brachyloba CRASSULACEAE X X Kalanchoe rotundifolia CRASSULACEAE X

Kleinia fulgens ASTERACEAE X

Kohautia caespitosa RUBIACEAE X

Kohautia cynanchica RUBIACEAE X

Kyphocarpa angustifolia AMARANTHACEAE X

Laggera decurrens ASTERACEAE X

Lapeirousia sandersonii IRIDACEAE X

Ledebouria apertiflora HYACINTHACEAE X

Ledebouria cooperi HYACINTHACEAE X

Ledebouria sandersonii HYACINTHACEAE X

Leonotis cf. nepetifolia LAMIACEAE X

Leucas glabrata LAMIACEAE X

Leucas sexdentata LAMIACEAE X

Limeum argute-carinatum MOLLUGINACEAE X

Limeum dinteri MOLLUGINACEAE X

Limeum pterocarpum var. pterocarpum MOLLUGINACEAE X

Limeum sulcatum MOLLUGINACEAE X

Limeum viscosum subsp. transvaalense MOLLUGINACEAE X

Listia heterophylla FABACEAE X

Ludwigia octovalvis ONAGRACEAE X X Maerua edulis CAPPARACEAE X

90 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 LISTED IN OBSERVED AND 2016 SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY REGIONAL STUDIES ANECDOTAL STATUS* Marsilia sp. MARSILACEAE X

Melhania acuminata var. acuminata MALVACEAE X X Mimusops zeyheri SAPOTACEAE X

Momordica balsamina CUCURBITACEAE X X Monechma debile ACANTHACEAE X

Monsonia angustifolia GERANIACEAE X

Monsonia glauca GERANIACEAE X

Nidorella resedifolia ASTERACEAE X

Nuxia oppositifolia BUDDLEJACEAE X

Nymphaea nouchali var. caerulea NYMPHAEACEAE X

Nymphoides thunbergiana MENYANTHACEAE X

Ochna inermis OCHNACEAE X

Ocimum americanum L. var. Americanum LAMIACEAE X

Ocimum filamentosum LAMIACEAE X

Ornithogalum cf. seineri HYACINTHACEAE X

Otoptera burchellii FABACEAE X X Oxygonum cf. delagoense POLYGONACEAE X

Oxygonum sinuatum POLYGONACEAE X

Ozoroa paniculosa . var. Paniculosa ANACARDIACEAE X

Panicum subalbidum POACEAE X

Pappea capensis SAPINDACEAE X

Peltophorum africanum FABACEAE X

Peristrophe paniculata ACANTHACEAE X

Persicaria limbata POLYGONACEAE X

Phaeoptilum spinosum NYCTAGINACEAE X

Philyrophyllum schinzii ASTERACEAE X

Phyllanthus angolensis PHYLLANTHACEAE X

Phyllanthus maderaspatensis PHYLLANTHACEAE X

Plicosepalus kalachariensis LORANTHACEAE X X Plumbago zeylanica PLUMBAGINACEAE X

Pogonarthria squarrosa POACEAE X

Pomaria burchellii FABACEAE X

Portulaca quadrifida PORTULACACEAE X

Pseudocrossidium porphyreoneurum POTTIACEAE X

Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia var. maprouneifolia PHYLLANTHACEAE X

Pterocarpus rotundifolius subsp. Rotundifolius FABACEAE X

91 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 LISTED IN OBSERVED AND 2016 SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY REGIONAL STUDIES ANECDOTAL STATUS* Pterodiscus speciosus PEDALIACEAE X

Ptycholobium contortum FABACEAE X

Pupalia lappacea var. lappacea AMARANTHACEAE X X Rhoicissus digitata VITACEAE X

Rhoicissus revoilii VITACEAE X

Rhynchosia totta FABACEAE X

Rhynchosia venulosa FABACEAE X

Riccia argenteolimbata RICCIACEAE X

Riccia atropurpurea RICCIACEAE X

Riccia congoana RICCIACEAE X

Riccia okahandjana RICCIACEAE X

Ruellia patula ACANTHACEAE X

Sansevieria aethiopica DRACAENACEAE X

Sarcostemma viminale APOCYNACEAE X

Schkuhria pinnata ASTERACEAE X

Schmidtia pappophoroides POACEAE X

Schoenoplectus erectus CYPERACEAE X

Schoenoplectus muricinux CYPERACEAE X

Schotia brachypetala FABACEAE X

Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra ANACARDIACEAE X X Seddera capensis CONVOLVULACEAE X

Selaginella dregei SELAGINELLACEAE X

Senna italica subsp. arachoides FABACEAE X X Sesamum triphyllum var. triphyllum PEDALIACEAE X X Sida cordifolia L. subsp. cordifolia MALVACEAE X

Sida ovata MALVACEAE X X Solanum delagoense SOLANACEAE X

Sphaeranthus peduncularis subsp. Peduncularis ASTERACEAE X

Spirostachys africana EUPHORBIACEAE X X Stapelia gettliffei APOCYNACEAE X

Stapelia kwebensis APOCYNACEAE X

Sterculia rogersii MALVACEAE X

Stipagrostis uniplumis var. Uniplumis POACEAE X

Strychnos madagascariensis STRYCHNACEAE X

Sutherlandia frutescens FABACEAE X

Syncolostemon canescens LAMIACEAE X

Tephrosia longipes subsp. longipes var. Longipes FABACEAE X

92 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 LISTED IN OBSERVED AND 2016 SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY REGIONAL STUDIES ANECDOTAL STATUS* Tephrosia purpurea FABACEAE X

Tephrosia rhodesica var. Rhodesica FABACEAE X

Terminalia sericea COMBRETACEAE X X Tribulus terrestris ZYGOPHYLLACEAE X

Tribulus zeyheri subsp. Zeyheri ZYGOPHYLLACEAE X

Tricholaena monachne POACEAE X

Tylosema fassoglense FABACEAE X

Urochloa brachyura POACEAE X

Vernonia fastigiata ASTERACEAE X X Waltheria indica MALVACEAE X X Xanthocercis zambesiaca FABACEAE X

Ximenia americana var. Microphylla OLACACEAE X

Ziziphus mucronata subsp. mucronata RHAMNACEAE X

Zornia glochidiata FABACEAE X

* Unless otherwise stated, the 2016 Status of each of the species are “Least Concern”

93 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 Mammalian Species List

LISTED IN OBSERVED LIKELIHOOD OF SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME REGIONAL AND 2016 STATUS* OCCURRENCE** STUDIES ANECDOTAL Aepyceros melampus Impala X 1 X melampus Alcelaphus buselaphus caama Red Hartebeest X 1 Antidorcas marsupialis Springbok X 3 Connochaetes taurinus Blue Wildebeest X 1 X taurinus Damaliscus lunatus lunatus Tsessebe X 4 Vulnerable Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi Blesbok X 1 Hippotragus equinus Roan Antelope X 1 X Endangered Hippotragus niger niger Sable Antelope X 1 X Vulnerable Kobus ellipsiprymnus Common Waterbuck X 1 ellipsiprymnus Oreotragus oreotragus Klipspringer X 4 Oryx gazella Gemsbok X 1 Near Pelea capreolus Grey Rhebok X 4 Threatened Raphicerus campestris Steenbok X 1 X Redunca fulvorufula Mountain Reedbuck X 4 Endangered fulvorufula Sylvicapra grimmia Common Duiker X 1 X Southern Savannah Syncerus caffer caffer X 1 X Buffalo Tragelaphus angasii Nyala X 1 X Tragelaphus oryx Eland X 1 X Tragelaphus strepsiceros Greater Kudu X 1 X Tragelaphus sylvaticus Southern Bushbuck X 2 Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa South African Giraffe X 1 X Hippopotamus amphibius Hippopotamus X 4 Phacochoerus africanus Common Warthog X 1 X Potamochoerus larvatus Bushpig X 2 Canis mesomelas Black-backed Jackal X 1 X Lycaon pictus African Wild Dog X 5 Endangered Otocyon megalotis Bat-eared Fox X 2 Vulpes chama Cape Fox X 2 Acinonyx jubatus Cheetah X 3 Vulnerable Caracal caracal Caracal X 1 X Felis nigripes Black-footed Cat X 3 Vulnerable Felis silvestris African Wildcat X 2

4496/MVR/mvr 94 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 LISTED IN OBSERVED LIKELIHOOD OF SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME REGIONAL AND 2016 STATUS* OCCURRENCE** STUDIES ANECDOTAL Near Leptailurus serval Serval X 2 Threatened Panthera leo Lion X 1 Panthera pardus Leopard X 2 Vulnerable Atilax paludinosus Water Mongoose X 2 Cynictis penicillata Yellow Mongoose X 4 Helogale parvula Dwarf Mongoose X 2 Herpestes sanguineus Slender Mongoose X 1 X Ichneumia albicauda White-tailed Mongoose X 3 Mungos mungo Banded Mongoose X 1 Near Crocuta crocuta Spotted Hyaena X 1 Threatened Near Parahyaena brunnea Brown Hyaena X 1 X Threatened Proteles cristata Aardwolf X 1 X Near Aonyx capensis Cape Clawless Otter X 4 Threatened Ictonyx striatus Striped Polecat X 2 Mellivora capensis Honey Badger X 1 Near Poecilogale albinucha African Striped Weasel X 2 Threatened Civettictis civetta African Civet X 2 Genetta genetta Small-spotted Genet X 2 Genetta tigrina Cape Genet X 2

Taphozous mauritianus Mauritian Tomb Bat X 2

Cloeotis percivali Short-eared Trident Bat X 3 Endangered Sundevall's Leaf-nosed Hipposideros caffer X 2 Bat Tadarida aegyptiaca Egyptian Free-tailed Bat X 2 Nycteris thebaica Egyptian Slit-faced Bat X 2 Wahlberg's Epauletted Epomophorus wahlbergi X 4 Fruit Bat Rhinolophus clivosus Geoffroy's Horseshoe Bat X 3 Rhinolophus cohenae Cohen's Horseshoe Bat X 3 Vulnerable Rhinolophus darlingi Darling's Horseshoe Bat X 3 Rhinolophus simulator Bushveld Horseshoe Bat X 3 Botswana Long-eared Laephotis botswanae X 4 Bat Miniopterus natalensis Natal Long-fingered Bat X 3

95 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 LISTED IN OBSERVED LIKELIHOOD OF SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME REGIONAL AND 2016 STATUS* OCCURRENCE** STUDIES ANECDOTAL Schreiber's Long- Miniopterus schreibersii X 3 fingered Bat Myotis tricolor Temminck's Hairy Bat X 3 Neoromicia capensis Cape Serotine Bat X 2 Neoromicia zuluensis Aloe Bat X 3 Pipistrellus hesperidus African Pipistrelle X 2 Pipistrellus rusticus Rusty Bat X 2 Scotophilus dinganii Yellow House Bat X 2 Near Atelerix frontalis South African Hedgehog X 2 Threatened Procavia capensis Rock Hyrax X 4 Lepus saxatilis Scrub Hare X 1 X Jameson's Red Rock Pronolagus randensis X 4 Rabbit Elephantulus intufi Bushveld Sengi X 2 Elephantulus myurus Eastern Rock Sengi X 2 Short-snouted Rock Elephantulus brachyrhyncus X 2 Sengi Equus quagga Plains Zebra X 1 X Southern White Near Ceratotherium simum simum X 1 Rhinoceros Threatened Temminck's Ground Smutsia temminckii X Vulnerable Pangolin 2 Chlorocebus pygerythrus Vervet Monkey X 1 X Papio ursinus Chacma Baboon X 1 X Galago moholi Southern Lesser Galago X 1 X Loxodonta africana African Elephant X 5 Cryptomys hottentotus Common Mole-rat X 1 Graphiurus murinus Woodland Dormouse X 2 Graphiurus platyops Rock Dormouse X 3 Hystrix africaeaustralis Cape Porcupine X 1 X Acomys spinosissimus Spiny Mouse X 2 Aethomys ineptus Tete Veld Rat X 2 Gerbilliscus brantsii Highveld Gerbil X 3 Gerbilliscus leucogaster Bushveld Gerbil X 1 X Gerbilliscus paeba Hairy-footed Gerbil X 2 Lemniscomys rosalia Single-striped Mouse X 2 Mastomys coucha Multimammate Mouse X 2 Natal Multimammate Mastomys natalensis X 1 X Mouse

96 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 LISTED IN OBSERVED LIKELIHOOD OF SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME REGIONAL AND 2016 STATUS* OCCURRENCE** STUDIES ANECDOTAL Micaelamys namaquensis Namaqua Rock Mouse X 3 Mus indutus Desert Pygmy Mouse X 3 Mus minutoides Pygmy Mouse X 4 Otomys angoniensis Angoni Vlei Rat X 2 Otomys irroratus Vlei Rat (Fynbos type) X 2 Near Dasymys incomtus Water Rat X 3 Threatened Thallomys paedulcus Tree Rat X 2 Dendromus melanotis Grey Climbing Mouse X 1 X Chestnut Climbing Dendromus mystacalis X 4 Mouse Saccostomus campestris Pouched Mouse X 2 Steatomys krebsii Krebs's Fat Mouse X 4 Steatomys pratensis Fat Mouse X 2 Pedetes capensis Springhare X 1 X Paraxerus cepapi Tree Squirrel X 1 X Thryonomys swinderianus Greater Cane Rat X 2 Reddish-grey Musk Crocidura cyanea X 2 Shrew Crocidura hirta Lesser Red Musk Shrew X 2 Orycteropus afer Aardvark X 1 X

* Unless otherwise stated, the 2016 Status of each of the species are “Least Concern” ** The scale used if from 1 to 5 where 1 = “Definitely Present” and 5 = “Highly Unlikely to be present”

97 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 Avifaunal Species List

LISTED IN LISTED IN OBSERVED LIKELIHOOD OF 2016 SCIENTIFIC NAMES COMMON NAME REGIONAL SABAP AND OCCURRENCE** STATUS* STUDIES DATABASE ANECDOTAL Struthio camelus Common Ostrich X 1 X X

Tachybaptus ruficollis Little Grebe X 1 X X

Pelecanus rufescens Pink-backed Pelican X 3 Vulnerable

Phalacrocorax africanus Reed Cormorant X 2 X X

Anhinga rufa African Darter 2 X

Ardea cinerea Grey Heron X 2 X

Black-headed Ardea melanocephala Heron X 1 X X

Ardea purpurea Purple Heron 2 X

Egretta alba Great Egret X 1 X

Egretta garzetta Little Egret X 1 X X

Egretta intermedia Yellow-billed Egret 2 X

Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret X 1 X X

Ardeola ralloides Squacco Heron 2 X

Green-backed Butorides striata Heron 1 X

White-backed Gorsachius leuconotus Night-Heron X 5 Vulnerable

Scopus umbretta Hamerkop X 1 X X

Ciconia ciconia White Stork X 1 X

Near Ciconia nigra Black Stork X 4 Threatened

Ciconia abdimii Abdim's Stork 1 X

Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis Saddle-billed Stork X 4 EN

Near Leptoptilos crumeniferus Marabou Stork X 3 Threatened

Mycteria ibis Yellow-billed Stork X 1 X Vulnerable

Threskiornis aethiopicus African Sacred Ibis X 3

Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis X 4

Bostrychia hagedash Hadeda Ibis X 1 X X

Platalea alba African Spoonbill X 1 X

Near Phoenicopterus ruber Greater Flamingo X 4 Threatened

Near Phoenicopterus minor Lesser Flamingo X 4 Threatened

Dendrocygna viduata White-faced Duck X 1 X

Thalassornis leuconotus White-backed Duck X 4

4496/MVR/mvr 98 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 LISTED IN LISTED IN OBSERVED LIKELIHOOD OF 2016 SCIENTIFIC NAMES COMMON NAME REGIONAL SABAP AND OCCURRENCE** STATUS* STUDIES DATABASE ANECDOTAL Alopochen aegyptiaca Egyptian Goose X 1 X X

Anas undulata Yellow-billed Duck X 2

Anas sparsa African Black Duck 1 X

Anas capensis Cape Teal X 3

Anas erythrorhyncha Red-billed Teal X 4

Sarkidiornis melanotos Comb Duck X 1 X

Plectropterus gambensis Spur-winged Goose X 1 X

Oxyura maccoa Maccoa Duck X 4

Near Sagittarius serpentarius Secretarybird X 2 Threatened

Gyps coprotheres Cape Vulture X 1 X Vulnerable

White-backed Gyps africanus Vulture X 1 X X Vulnerable Lappet-faced Aegypius tracheliotus Vulture X 3 Vulnerable

White-headed Aegypius occipitalis Vulture X 3 Vulnerable

Milvus migrans Black Kite X 3

Black-shouldered Elanus caeruleus Kite 1 X X

Aquila verreauxii Verreauxs' Eagle 1 X

Aquila rapax Tawny Eagle X 1 X Vulnerable

Aquila nipalensis Steppe Eagle 1 X

Aquila wahlbergi Wahlberg's Eagle X 1 X

Aquila spilogaster African Hawk-Eagle 1 X

Near Aquila ayresii Ayres's Hawk-Eagle X 4 Threatened

Polemaetus bellicosus Martial Eagle X 3 Vulnerable

Circaetus cinereus Brown Snake-Eagle X 1 X

Black-chested Circaetus pectoralis Snake-Eagle X 1 X

Terathopius ecaudatus Bateleur X 4 Vulnerable

Haliaeetus vocifer African Fish-Eagle 1 X X

Buteo vulpinus Steppe Buzzard X 1 X

Ovambo Accipiter ovampensis Sparrowhawk 1 X

Accipiter minullus Little Sparrowhawk 1 X

Accipiter badius Shikra 1 X

Melierax gabar Gabar Goshawk X 1 X

99 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 LISTED IN LISTED IN OBSERVED LIKELIHOOD OF 2016 SCIENTIFIC NAMES COMMON NAME REGIONAL SABAP AND OCCURRENCE** STATUS* STUDIES DATABASE ANECDOTAL Southern Pale Melierax canorus Chanting Goshawk X 1 X X

Dark Chanting Melierax metabates Goshawk 1 X

Western Marsh- Circus aeruginosus Harrier 1 X

Near Circus macrourus Pallid Harrier X 4 Threatened

African Harrier- Polyboroides typus Hawk 1 X

Near Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon X 3 Threatened

Near Falco biarmicus Lanner Falcon X 2 Threatened

Falco amurensis Amur Falcon X 2

Falco rupicolus Rock Kestrel 3 X

Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel X 3 Vulnerable

Peliperdix coqui Coqui Francolin 1 X

Dendroperdix sephaena Crested Francolin X 1 X X

Pternistis natalensis Natal Spurfowl X 1 X X

Swainson's Pternistis swainsonii Spurfowl X 1 X X

Coturnix coturnix Common Quail 1 X

Coturnix delegorguei Harlequin Quail X 4

Helmeted Numida meleagris Guineafowl X 1 X X

Guttera edouardi Crested Guineafowl 5

Kurrichane Turnix sylvaticus Buttonquail X 1 X

Amaurornis flavirostris Black Crake 1 X

Gallinula chloropus Common Moorhen 1 X

Podica senegalensis African Finfoot X 5 Vulnerable

Ardeotis kori Kori Bustard X 1 X X Vulnerable Red-crested Lophotis ruficrista Korhaan X 1 X X

Actophilornis africanus African Jacana X 1 X

Greater Painted- Near Rostratula benghalensis snipe X 4 Threatened

Charadrius pecuarius Kittlitz's Plover X 3

Three-banded Charadrius tricollaris Plover X 1 X

Vanellus coronatus Crowned Lapwing X 1 X X

100 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 LISTED IN LISTED IN OBSERVED LIKELIHOOD OF 2016 SCIENTIFIC NAMES COMMON NAME REGIONAL SABAP AND OCCURRENCE** STATUS* STUDIES DATABASE ANECDOTAL Vanellus armatus Blacksmith Lapwing X 1 X X

White-crowned Near Vanellus albiceps Lapwing 4 X Threatened

African Wattled Vanellus senegallus Lapwing 1 X

Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper X 1 X

Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper X 1 X

Common Tringa nebularia Greenshank X 1 X

Calidris minuta Little Stint X 3

Philomachus pugnax Ruff X 3

Recurvirostra avosetta Pied Avocet X 4

Himantopus himantopus Black-winged Stilt X 4

Burhinus capensis Spotted Thick-knee X 1 X X

Burhinus vermiculatus Water Thick-knee X 3 X

Temminck's Cursorius temminckii Courser 1 X

Bronze-winged Rhinoptilus chalcopterus Courser X 1 X

Black-winged Near Glareola nordmanni Pratincole X 4 Threatened

Larus cirrocephalus Grey-headed Gull X 4

Chlidonias leucopterus White-winged Tern X 4

Burchell's Pterocles burchelli Sandgrouse X 1 X

Double-banded Pterocles bicinctus Sandgrouse 1 X

Columba guinea Speckled Pigeon X 1 X

Streptopelia semitorquata Red-eyed Dove X 1 X X

Streptopelia capicola Cape Turtle-Dove X 1 X X

Streptopelia senegalensis Laughing Dove X 1 X X

Oena capensis Namaqua Dove X 1 X X

Emerald-spotted Turtur chalcospilos Wood-Dove X 1 X X

African Green- Treron calvus Pigeon 1 X

Poicephalus meyeri Meyer's Parrot 1 X

Corythaixoides concolor Grey Go-away-bird X 1 X X

Cuculus gularis African Cuckoo 1 X

Red-chested Cuculus solitarius Cuckoo X 1 X

101 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 LISTED IN LISTED IN OBSERVED LIKELIHOOD OF 2016 SCIENTIFIC NAMES COMMON NAME REGIONAL SABAP AND OCCURRENCE** STATUS* STUDIES DATABASE ANECDOTAL Cuculus clamosus Black Cuckoo X 1 X

Clamator jacobinus Jacobin Cuckoo X 1 X

Chrysococcyx klaas Klaas's Cuckoo X 1 X

Chrysococcyx caprius Diderick Cuckoo X 1 X

Centropus burchellii Burchell's Coucal X 1 X X

Tyto alba Barn Owl X 1 X

Otus senegalensis African Scops-Owl 1 X X

Southern White- Ptilopsis granti faced Scops-Owl X 1 X X

Glaucidium perlatum Pearl-spotted Owlet 1 X X

African Barred Glaucidium capense Owlet 4 X

Bubo africanus Spotted Eagle-Owl X 1 X

Fiery-necked Caprimulgus pectoralis Nightjar X 1 X

Rufous-cheeked Caprimulgus rufigena Nightjar X 1 X

Caprimulgus tristigma Freckled Nightjar 1 X

Apus barbatus African Black Swift 1 X

White-rumped Apus caffer Swift 1 X

Apus affinis Little Swift X 1 X X

Cypsiurus parvus African Palm-Swift 1 X

Speckled Colius striatus Mousebird 1 X

Red-faced Urocolius indicus Mousebird X 1 X

Ceryle rudis Pied Kingfisher 1 X

Half-collared Near Alcedo semitorquata Kingfisher X 5 Threatened

African Pygmy- Ispidina picta Kingfisher 1 X

Woodland Halcyon senegalensis Kingfisher X 1 X

Brown-hooded Halcyon albiventris Kingfisher X 1 X X

Halcyon chelicuti Striped Kingfisher 1 X

Merops apiaster European Bee-eater X 1 X

Blue-cheeked Bee- Merops persicus eater X 1 X

Southern Carmine Merops nubicoides Bee-eater X 1 X

102 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 LISTED IN LISTED IN OBSERVED LIKELIHOOD OF 2016 SCIENTIFIC NAMES COMMON NAME REGIONAL SABAP AND OCCURRENCE** STATUS* STUDIES DATABASE ANECDOTAL White-fronted Bee- Merops bullockoides eater 1 X

Merops pusillus Little Bee-eater X 1 X X

Swallow-tailed Bee- Merops hirundineus eater X 1 X

Coracias garrulus European Roller 1 X X

Lilac-breasted Coracias caudatus Roller X 1 X X

Coracias naevius Purple Roller X 1 X X

Eurystomus glaucurus Broad-billed Roller 4 X

Upupa africana African Hoopoe X 1 X X

Green Wood- Phoeniculus purpureus Hoopoe 1 X X

Common Rhinopomastus cyanomelas Scimitarbill X 1 X X

African Grey Tockus nasutus Hornbill X 1 X X

Tockus erythrorhynchus Red-billed Hornbill X 1 X X

Southern Yellow- Tockus leucomelas billed Hornbill X 1 X X

Southern Ground- Bucorvus leadbeateri Hornbill X 3 Vulnerable

Black-collared Lybius torquatus Barbet 1 X

Tricholaema leucomelas Acacia Pied Barbet X 1 X X

Yellow-fronted Pogoniulus chrysoconus Tinkerbird 1 X X

Trachyphonus vaillantii Crested Barbet X 1 X X

Greater Indicator indicator Honeyguide X 1 X

Indicator minor Lesser Honeyguide X 1 X

Bennett's Campethera bennettii Woodpecker 1 X X

Golden-tailed Campethera abingoni Woodpecker X 1 X

Cardinal Dendropicos fuscescens Woodpecker X 1 X

Bearded Dendropicos namaquus Woodpecker 1 X X

Red-throated Jynx ruficollis Wryneck 1 X

Mirafra passerina Monotonous Lark X 1 X

Mirafra africana Rufous-naped Lark X 1 X

103 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 LISTED IN LISTED IN OBSERVED LIKELIHOOD OF 2016 SCIENTIFIC NAMES COMMON NAME REGIONAL SABAP AND OCCURRENCE** STATUS* STUDIES DATABASE ANECDOTAL Calendulauda africanoides Fawn-coloured Lark X 1 X

Calendulauda sabota Sabota Lark X 1 X X

Pinarocorys nigricans Dusky Lark 1 X

Calandrella cinerea Red-capped Lark X 1 X

Chestnut-backed Eremopterix leucotis Sparrowlark 1 X

Grey-backed Eremopterix verticalis Sparrowlark 1 X

Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow X 1 X

White-throated Hirundo albigularis Swallow 1 X

Hirundo smithii Wire-tailed Swallow X 3

Pearl-breasted Hirundo dimidiata Swallow 1 X

Red-breasted Hirundo semirufa Swallow X 1 X

Greater Striped Hirundo cucullata Swallow X 3

Lesser Striped Hirundo abyssinica Swallow 1 X

Hirundo fuligula Rock Martin 1 X

Common House- Delichon urbicum Martin 1 X

Brown-throated Riparia paludicola Martin 1 X

Riparia cincta Banded Martin X 1 X

Campephaga flava Black Cuckooshrike X 1 X

Dicrurus adsimilis Fork-tailed Drongo X 1 X X

Eurasian Golden Oriolus oriolus Oriole 1 X

Black-headed Oriolus larvatus Oriole X 1 X

Corvus albus Pied Crow 1 X X

Parus cinerascens Ashy Tit X 5

Parus niger Southern Black Tit X 1 X X

Anthoscopus caroli Grey Penduline-Tit 1 X

Arrow-marked Turdoides jardineii Babbler X 1 X X

Southern Pied Turdoides bicolor Babbler X 1 X X

African Red-eyed Pycnonotus nigricans Bulbul X 1 X

104 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 LISTED IN LISTED IN OBSERVED LIKELIHOOD OF 2016 SCIENTIFIC NAMES COMMON NAME REGIONAL SABAP AND OCCURRENCE** STATUS* STUDIES DATABASE ANECDOTAL Pycnonotus tricolor Dark-capped Bulbul X 1 X X

Yellow-bellied Chlorocichla flaviventris Greenbul 1 X

Turdus libonyanus Kurrichane Thrush 1 X

Groundscraper Psophocichla litsitsirupa Thrush X 1 X

Cercomela familiaris Familiar Chat 1 X

Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris Mocking Cliff-Chat 1 X

Myrmecocichla formicivora Ant-eating Chat 1 X

Saxicola torquatus African Stonechat X 1 X X

Cossypha caffra Cape Robin-Chat X 1 X

White-throated Cossypha humeralis Robin-Chat 1 X

White-browed Cercotrichas leucophrys Scrub-Robin X 1 X X ENDEMIC Kalahari Scrub- Cercotrichas paena Robin X 1 X X

Sylvia borin Garden Warbler X 3

Common Sylvia communis Whitethroat X 1 X X

Chestnut-vented Parisoma subcaeruleum Tit-Babbler X 1 X

Hippolais icterina Icterine Warbler X 1 X

Hippolais olivetorum Olive-tree Warbler X 4

Great Reed- Acrocephalus arundinaceus Warbler 1 X

Acrocephalus schoenobaenus Sedge Warbler 1 X

Lesser Swamp- Acrocephalus gracilirostris Warbler 1 X

Phylloscopus trochilus Willow Warbler X 1 X

Apalis thoracica Bar-throated Apalis 1 X

Long-billed Sylvietta rufescens Crombec X 1 X X

Yellow-bellied Eremomela icteropygialis Eremomela X 1 X

Burnt-necked Eremomela usticollis Eremomela X 1 X

Green-backed Camaroptera brachyura Camaroptera X 1 X

Barred Wren- Calamonastes fasciolatus Warbler X 1 X

105 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 LISTED IN LISTED IN OBSERVED LIKELIHOOD OF 2016 SCIENTIFIC NAMES COMMON NAME REGIONAL SABAP AND OCCURRENCE** STATUS* STUDIES DATABASE ANECDOTAL Cisticola juncidis Zitting Cisticola 1 X

Cisticola aridulus Desert Cisticola 1 X

Cisticola chiniana Rattling Cisticola X 1 X X

Cisticola erythrops Red-faced Cisticola 1 X

Cisticola tinniens Levaillant's Cisticola 1 X

Cisticola fulvicapilla Neddicky 1 X

Tawny-flanked Prinia subflava Prinia X 1 X

Prinia flavicans Black-chested Prinia X 1 X

Muscicapa striata Spotted Flycatcher 1 X X

Muscicapa caerulescens Ashy Flycatcher 1 X

Myioparus plumbeus Grey Tit-Flycatcher 1 X

Southern Black Melaenornis pammelaina Flycatcher X 1 X

Bradornis mariquensis Marico Flycatcher X 1 X

Bradornis pallidus Pale Flycatcher 3 X

Sigelus silens Fiscal Flycatcher 1 X

Batis molitor Chinspot Batis X 1 X X

Black-throated Near Platysteira peltata Wattle-eye 1 X Threatened

Stenostira scita Fairy Flycatcher 1 X

African Paradise- Terpsiphone viridis Flycatcher X 1 X

Anthus cinnamomeus African Pipit 1 X

Anthus vaalensis Buffy Pipit 1 X

Lanius minor Lesser Grey Shrike X 1 X

Lanius collaris Common Fiscal 1 X X

Lanius collurio Red-backed Shrike X 1 X

Lanius souzae Souza's Shrike 5

Corvinella melanoleuca Magpie Shrike X 1 X X

Laniarius ferrugineus Southern Boubou 1 X

Laniarius aethiopicus Tropical Boubou 1 X

Crimson-breasted Laniarius atrococcineus Shrike X 1 X

Black-backed Dryoscopus cubla Puffback X 1 X X

Nilaus afer Brubru X 1 X

Brown-crowned Tchagra australis Tchagra X 1 X X

106 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 LISTED IN LISTED IN OBSERVED LIKELIHOOD OF 2016 SCIENTIFIC NAMES COMMON NAME REGIONAL SABAP AND OCCURRENCE** STATUS* STUDIES DATABASE ANECDOTAL Black-crowned Tchagra senegalus Tchagra X 1 X X

Orange-breasted Telophorus sulfureopectus Bush-Shrike X 1 X

Grey-headed Bush- Malaconotus blanchoti Shrike 1 X

White-crested Prionops plumatus Helmet-Shrike X 1 X X

Southern White- Eurocephalus anguitimens crowned Shrike X 1 X X

Acridotheres tristis Common Myna X 4

Creatophora cinerea Wattled Starling X 1 X

Violet-backed Cinnyricinclus leucogaster Starling X 1 X

Lamprotornis australis Burchell's Starling X 2

Lamprotornis mevesii Meves's Starling X 2

Lamprotornis nitens Cape Glossy Starling X 1 X X

Greater Blue-eared Lamprotornis chalybaeus Starling 1 X

Onychognathus morio Red-winged Starling 1 X

Near Buphagus erythrorhynchus Red-billed Oxpecker X 1 X Threatened

Cinnyris mariquensis Marico Sunbird X 1 X

White-bellied Cinnyris talatala Sunbird X 1 X X

Chalcomitra amethystina Amethyst Sunbird 1 X

Zosterops virens Cape White-eye X 1 X

Red-billed Buffalo- Bubalornis niger Weaver X 1 X X

White-browed Plocepasser mahali Sparrow-Weaver X 1 X X

Passer domesticus House Sparrow X 1 X X

Passer motitensis Great Sparrow X 1 X

Passer melanurus Cape Sparrow X 1 X X

Southern Grey- Passer diffusus headed Sparrow X 1 X X

Yellow-throated Petronia superciliaris Petronia 1 X

Scaly-feathered Sporopipes squamifrons Finch X 1 X X

Ploceus cucullatus Village Weaver X 1 X

107 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 LISTED IN LISTED IN OBSERVED LIKELIHOOD OF 2016 SCIENTIFIC NAMES COMMON NAME REGIONAL SABAP AND OCCURRENCE** STATUS* STUDIES DATABASE ANECDOTAL Southern Masked- Ploceus velatus Weaver X 1 X

Lesser Masked- Ploceus intermedius Weaver X 1 X

Red-headed Anaplectes melanotis Weaver 1 X

Quelea quelea Red-billed Quelea X 1 X X

Southern Red Euplectes orix Bishop 1 X

Yellow-crowned Euplectes afer Bishop X 1 X

White-winged Euplectes albonotatus Widowbird 1 X

Green-winged Pytilia melba Pytilia X 1 X

Lagonosticta rhodopareia Jameson's Firefinch X 1 X

Lagonosticta senegala Red-billed Firefinch 1 X

Uraeginthus angolensis Blue Waxbill X 1 X X

Violet-eared Granatina granatina Waxbill X 1 X

Estrilda astrild Common Waxbill 1 X X

Estrilda erythronotos Black-faced Waxbill X 1 X X

Ortygospiza atricollis African Quailfinch 1 X

Orange-breasted Sporaeginthus subflavus Waxbill 1 X

Amadina fasciata Cut-throat Finch X 1 X

Amadina erythrocephala Red-headed Finch X 1 X

Spermestes cucullatus Bronze Mannikin 1 X

Vidua macroura Pin-tailed Whydah X 1 X

Shaft-tailed Vidua regia Whydah X 1 X

Long-tailed Vidua paradisaea Paradise-Whydah X 1 X

Vidua funerea Dusky Indigobird 1 X

Vidua chalybeata Village Indigobird 1 X

Yellow-fronted Crithagra mozambicus Canary X 1 X X

Black-throated Crithagra atrogularis Canary X 1 X

Crithagra flaviventris Yellow Canary X 2

Golden-breasted Emberiza flaviventris Bunting X 1 X X

108 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 LISTED IN LISTED IN OBSERVED LIKELIHOOD OF 2016 SCIENTIFIC NAMES COMMON NAME REGIONAL SABAP AND OCCURRENCE** STATUS* STUDIES DATABASE ANECDOTAL Emberiza capensis Cape Bunting 1 X

Cinnamon-breasted Emberiza tahapisi Bunting X 1 X X

Milvus aegyptius Yellow-billed Kite X 1 X

Grey-backed Camaroptera brevicaudata Camaroptera 1 X

109 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 Herpetofauna Species List

LISTED IN PROBABILITY OBSERVED 2016 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME REGIONAL OF AND STATUS* STUDIES OCCURRENCE ANECDOTAL Acanthocercus atricollis Southern Tree Agama X 1 X Agama aculeata Common Ground Agama X 1 X Agama armata Peters' Ground Agama X 1 Agama atra Southern Rock Agama X 3 Dalophia pistillum Blunt-tailed Worm Lizard X 4 Monopeltis infuscata Dusky Worm Lizard X 1

Chamaeleo dilepis Common Flap-neck Chameleon X 1 X

Crotaphopeltis Red-lipped Snake X 1 hotamboeia Dasypeltis scabra Rhombic Egg-eater X 1 Dispholidus typus Boomslang X 1 X Philothamnus South Eastern Green Snake X 1 hoplogaster Philothamnus natalensis Eastern Natal Green Snake X 4 Philothamnus Spotted Bush Snake X 1 X semivariegatus Telescopus Eastern Tiger Snake X 2 semiannulatus Thelotornis capensis Southern Twig Snake X 4 Cordylus vittifer Common Girdled Lizard X 1 Smaug breyeri Waterberg Girdled Lizard X 4 Smaug vandami Van Dam's Girdled Lizard X 3 Dendroaspis polylepis Black Mamba X 1 1 Elapsoidea boulengeri Boulenger's Garter Snake X 3 Elapsoidea sundevallii Sundevall's Garter Snake X 1 Hemachatus Rinkhals X 4 haemachatus Naja annulifera Snouted Cobra X 2 Naja mossambica Mozambique Spitting Cobra X 1 Chondrodactylus turneri Turner's Gecko X 4

Hemidactylus mabouia Common Tropical House Gecko X 1 X

Homopholis wahlbergii Wahlberg's Velvet Gecko X 4 Lygodactylus capensis Common Dwarf Gecko X 1 Pachydactylus punctatus Speckled Gecko X 4 Broadleysaurus major Rough-scaled Plated Lizard X 4 Gerrhosaurus flavigularis Yellow-throated Plated Lizard X 1 Matobosaurus validus Common Giant Plated Lizard X 4

4496/MVR/mvr 110 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 LISTED IN PROBABILITY OBSERVED 2016 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME REGIONAL OF AND STATUS* STUDIES OCCURRENCE ANECDOTAL Ichnotropis capensis Ornate Rough-scaled Lizard X 4 Meroles squamulosus Common Rough-scaled Lizard X 1 Nucras holubi Holub's Sandveld Lizard X 1 Nucras intertexta Spotted Sandveld Lizard X 1 Nucras ornata Ornate Sandveld Lizard X 1 Pedioplanis lineoocellata Spotted Sand Lizard X 4 Amblyodipsas concolor Natal Purple-glossed Snake X 3

Amblyodipsas polylepis Common Purple-glossed Snake X 2

Aparallactus capensis Black-headed Centipede-eater X 1 Aparallactus scutatus Cape Centipede-eater X 1 Duberria lutrix South African Slug-eater X 1 Gonionotophis capensis Common File Snake X 1 Gonionotophis nyassae Black File Snake X 1 Homoroselaps lacteus Spotted Harlequin Snake X 4 Lamprophis aurora Aurora House Snake X 1 Lamprophis fuscus Yellow-bellied House Snake X 3 Lamprophis guttatus Spotted House Snake X 4 Lycodonomorphus Olive House Snake X 4 inornatus Lycodonomorphus Brown Water Snake X 1 rufulus Lycophidion capense Cape Wolf Snake X 1 Lycophidion variegatum Variegated Wolf Snake X 4 Prosymna bivittata Two-striped Shovel-snout X 4 Prosymna sundevallii Sundevall's Shovel-snout X 4 Psammophis brevirostris Short-snouted Grass Snake X 1 Psammophis crucifer Cross-marked Grass Snake X 3 Psammophis Olive Grass Snake X 1 mossambicus Psammophis Western Yellow-bellied Sand X 3 subtaeniatus Snake Psammophylax Spotted Grass Snake X 1 rhombeatus Psammophylax Striped Grass Snake X 1 X tritaeniatus Pseudaspis cana Mole Snake X 1 Xenocalamus Speckled Quill-snouted Snake X 4 transvaalensis Leptotyphlops scutifrons Peters' Thread Snake X 1

111 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 LISTED IN PROBABILITY OBSERVED 2016 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME REGIONAL OF AND STATUS* STUDIES OCCURRENCE ANECDOTAL Myriopholis longicauda Long-tailed Thread Snake X 4 Pelomedusa subrufa Central Marsh Terrapin X 1 X Pelusios sinuatus Serrated Hinged Terrapin X 3 Python natalensis Southern African Python X 2 X Mochlus sundevallii Sundevall's Writhing Skink X 4

Panaspis maculicollis Spotted-neck Snake-eyed Skink X 4

Panaspis wahlbergii Wahlberg's Snake-eyed Skink X 1 Trachylepis capensis Cape Skink X 1 Trachylepis striata Striped Skink X 1 Trachylepis varia Variable Skink X 1 Kinixys lobatsiana Lobatse Hinged Tortoise X 4 Kinixys spekii Speke's Hinged Tortoise X 4 Stigmochelys pardalis Leopard Tortoise X 1 Afrotyphlops bibronii Bibron's Blind Snake X 2

Rhinotyphlops lalandei Delalande's Beaked Blind Snake X 2

Varanus albigularis Rock Monitor X 1 Varanus niloticus Water Monitor X 2 Bitis arietans Puff Adder X 1 X Causus defilippii Snouted Night Adder X 3 Causus rhombeatus Rhombic Night Adder X 1 X

112 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 Amphibian Species List

LISTED IN OBSERVED AND LIKELIHOOD OF 2004 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME REGIONAL ANECDOTAL OCCURRENCE** STATUS* STUDIES RECORDS

Afrana angolensis Common River Frog X 1

Golden Leaf-Folding Afrixalus aureus Frog X 5

Breviceps adspersus Bushveld Rain Frog X 1

Bufo fenoulheti Northern Pygmy Toad X 2

Bufo garmani Olive Toad X 1

Bufo gutturalis Guttural Toad X 1

Cacosternum boettgeri Common Caco X 1 X Chiromantis xerampelina Foam Nest Frog X 2

Kassina senegalensis Bubbling Kassina X 1

Phrynobatrachus mababiensis Dwarf Puddle Frog X 4

Phrynobatrachus natalensis Snoring Puddle Frog X 1

Phrynomantis bifasciatus Banded Rubber Frog X 1

Ptychadena anchietae Plain Grass frog X 1

Near Pyxicephalus adspersus Giant Bullfrog X 2 Threatened

Schismaderma carens Red Toad X 1

Tomopterna cryptotis Tremolo Sand Frog X 1

Tomopterna krugerensis Knocking Sand Frog X 2

Xenopus laevis Common Platanna X 1

4496/MVR/mvr 113 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 Invertebrate Species List

ORDER FAMILY SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Lycaenidae Anthene amarah Black-striped Hairtail Lycaenidae Cupidopsis jobates Tailed Meadow Blue Lycaenidae Eicochrysops messapus Cupreous Blue Lycaenidae Iolaus bowkeri Bowker's Sapphire Nymphalidae Acraea aglaonice Clear-spotted Acraea Nymphalidae Byblia ilithyia Spotted Joker Nymphalidae Charaxes phaeus Demon Emperor Nymphalidae Danaus chrysippus African Monarch Nymphalidae Hamanumida daedalus Guineafowl Nymphalidae Hyalites eponina Orange Acraea LEPIDOPTERA: Nymphalidae Hypolimnas misippus Common Diadem BUTTERFLIES Nymphalidae Junonia hierta Yellow Pansy Nymphalidae Junonia oenone Blue Pansy Nymphalidae Vanessa cardui Painted Lady Pieridae Catopsilia florella African Migrant Pieridae Colias electo African Clouded Yellow Pieridae Colotis antevippe gavisa Red Tip Pieridae Colotis evenina Common Orange Tip Pieridae Eurema brigitta Broad-bordered Grass Yellow Pieridae Mylothris agathina Common Dotted Border Pieridae Pinacopteryx eriphia Zebra White NEUROPTERA: ANT- Myrmeleontidae Ant-Lion LIONS Aeshnidae Anax emperator Blue Emperor ODONATA: Libellulidae Orthetrum julia Julia Skimmer DAMSELFLIES & DRAGONFLIES Libellulidae Trithemis kirbyi Kirby's Dropwing Coenagrionidae Ischnura senegalensis Common Bluetail Curculionoidae Afrocorynus asparagi Weevil COLEOPTERA: Scarabaeidae Phalops smaragdinus Dung Beetle BEETLES Buprestidae Sternocera orissa Giant Jewel Beetle HEMIPTERA: BUGS Pyrrhocoridae Dysdercus fasciatus Cotton Stainer AGELENIDAE Agelena gaerdesi Grass Funnel-web Spider ARANEIDAE Argiope australis Garden Orb-web Spider CTENIZIDAE Stasimopus sp. African Cork-lid Trapdoor Spider ARANEAE: SPIDERS CYRTOPHORA Cyrtophora citricola Tropical Tent-web Spider LYCOSIDAE Hippasa sp. Funnel-web Wolf Spider LYCOSIDAE Hogna spenceri Burrow Living Wolf Spider

4496/MVR/mvr 114 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 ORDER FAMILY SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME NEPHILIDAE Nephila senegalensis Golden Orb-web Spider SALTICIDAE Hyllus treleaveni Jumping Spider SOLIFUGAE SOLIFUGIDAE Solifugidae sp. Sun Spider SCORPIONES BUTHIDAE Parabuthus transvaalicus Transvaal Thick-tailed Scorpion AMBLIPYGAE AMBLYPYGID Daemon cf. variegatus Whip Scorpion

115 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496

APPENDIX 2 – CURRICULA VITAE OF THE SPECIALISTS

• Magnus van Rooyen

• Jake Alletson

• Amanda Austin

4496/MVR/mvr 116 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496

Magnus van Rooyen

4496/MVR/mvr 117 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496

Jake Alletson

4496/MVR/mvr 118 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496

Amanda Austin

4496/MVR/mvr 119 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496

APPENDIX 3 – SPECIALIST DECLARATION

4496/MVR/mvr 120 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496

APPENDIX 1 – SPECIES LISTS

• Floral Species List

• Mammalian Species List

• Avifaunal Species List

• Herpetofauna Species List

• Amphibian Species List

• Invertebrate Species List

4496/MVR/mvr 85 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 Floral Species List

LISTED IN OBSERVED AND 2016 SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY REGIONAL STUDIES ANECDOTAL STATUS* Abutilon angulatum MALVACEAE X

Abutilon pycnodon MALVACEAE X

Abutilon ramosum MALVACEAE X

Acacia mellifera (Vahl) Benth. subsp. Detinens FABACEAE X

Acanthosicyos naudinianus CUCURBITACEAE X

Achyropsis avicularis AMARANTHACEAE X

Acrotome inflata LAMIACEAE X

Afrocanthium gilfillanii RUBIACEAE X

Albizia adianthifolia FABACEAE X

Albizia brevifolia Schinz FABACEAE X

Albizia versicolor FABACEAE X

Ammannia prieuriana LYTHRACEAE X X

Ammocharis coranica AMARYLLIDACEAE X

Aptosimum lineare SCROPHULARIACEAE X

Aristida adscensionis POACEAE X

Aristida rhiniochloa POACEAE X

Asparagus aggregatus ASPARAGACEAE X

Asparagus aspergillus ASPARAGACEAE X

Asparagus cooperi ASPARAGACEAE X

Asparagus nelsii ASPARAGACEAE X X

Asparagus sauveolens ASPARAGACEAE X

Barleria affinis ACANTHACEAE X X

Barleria saxatilis ACANTHACEAE X

Barleria senensis ACANTHACEAE X

Bauhinia galpinii FABACEAE X

Bauhinia petersiana Bolle subsp. macrantha FABACEAE X

Blepharis diversispina ACANTHACEAE X X

Blepharis inaequalis ACANTHACEAE X

Blepharis subvolubilis ACANTHACEAE X

4496/MVR/mvr 86 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 LISTED IN OBSERVED AND 2016 SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY REGIONAL STUDIES ANECDOTAL STATUS*

Boscia albitrunca CAPPARACEAE X X

Boscia foetida Schinz subsp. minima CAPPARACEAE X

Boscia foetida Schinz subsp. rehmanniana CAPPARACEAE X

Bridelia mollis PHYLLANTHACEAE X

Cardiospermum corindum SAPINDACEAE X

Carissa bispinosa APOCYNACEAE X

Ceratotheca triloba PEDALIACEAE X

Chaetacme aristata CELTIDACEAE X

Chamaecrista mimosoides FABACEAE X

Chloris roxburghiana POACEAE X

Chorisochora transvaalensis ACANTHACEAE X

Cienfugosia digitata MALVACEAE X

Citrullus lanatus CUCURBITACEAE X X

Coccinia rehmannii CUCURBITACEAE X X Combretum apiculatum Sond. subsp. Apiculatum COMBRETACEAE X

Combretum cf. hereroense COMBRETACEAE X

Combretum imberbe COMBRETACEAE X

Combretum microphyllum COMBRETACEAE X

Combretum zeyheri COMBRETACEAE X

Commelina africana COMMELINACEAE X

Commelina benghalensis COMMELINACEAE X

Commelina erecta COMMELINACEAE X

Commicarpus pilosus NYCTAGINACEAE X

Commiphora marlothii BURSERACEAE X X

Commiphora pyracanthoides BURSERACEAE X

Corbichonia decumbens LOPHIOCARPACEAE X X

Corchorus asplenifolius MALVACEAE X

Corchorus kirkii MALVACEAE X

Cotula anthemoides ASTERACEAE X

Craterostigma plantagineum SCROPHULARIACEAE X

Crinum buphanoides AMARYLLIDACEAE X

87 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 LISTED IN OBSERVED AND 2016 SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY REGIONAL STUDIES ANECDOTAL STATUS*

Crinum crassicaule AMARYLLIDACEAE X X

Crotalaria brachycarpa FABACEAE X

Crotalaria distans FABACEAE X

Crotalaria schinzii FABACEAE X

Crotalaria sphaerocarpa FABACEAE X

Croton gratissimus Burch. var. Subgratissimus EUPHORBIACEAE X

Cymbopogon nardus POACEAE X

Cymbopogon pospischilii POACEAE X

Cyperus sphaerospermus CYPERACEAE X

Dactyloctenium giganteum POACEAE X

Denekia capensis ASTERACEAE X X

Dichrostachys cinerea FABACEAE X X

Dicoma tomentosa ASTERACEAE X

Digitaria eriantha POACEAE X

Diplorhynchus condylocarpon APOCYNACEAE X

Dombeya rotundifolia MALVACEAE X

Dyschoriste rogersii ACANTHACEAE X X

Ehretia rigida BORAGINACEAE X

Eleocharis limosa CYPERACEAE X

Endostemon tereticaulis LAMIACEAE X X

Enneapogon cenchroides POACEAE X

Enteropogon macrostachyus POACEAE X

Eragrostis gummiflua POACEAE X

Eragrostis heteromera POACEAE X

Eragrostis hierniana POACEAE X

Eragrostis lehmanniana var. lehmanniana POACEAE X

Eragrostis pallens POACEAE X

Eragrostis rotifer POACEAE X

Eragrostis superba POACEAE X

Eragrostis trichophora POACEAE X

Erianthemum ngamicum LORANTHACEAE X

Euclea undulata EBENACEAE X X Euphorbia cf limpopoana EUPHORBIACEAE X

Euphorbia hirta EUPHORBIACEAE X

Euphorbia inequilatera EUPHORBIACEAE X

Euphorbia peplus EUPHORBIACEAE X

Evolvulus alsinoides CONVOLVULACEAE X X Felicia mossamedensis ASTERACEAE X

Ficus abutilifolia MORACEAE X

Gardenia volkensii subsp. Spatulifolia RUBIACEAE X

Geigeria burkei ASTERACEAE X

Gizekia africana GISEKIACEAE X

Gladiolus rehmannii IRIDACEAE X

Gomphocarpus fruticosus APOCYNACEAE X

Gomphrena celosioides AMARANTHACEAE X

Grewia flava MALVACEAE X X Grewia flavescens MALVACEAE X

Grewia monticola MALVACEAE X X Grewia subspathulata MALVACEAE X

Gymnosporia tenuispina CELASTRACEAE X

Helichrysum argyrosphaerum ASTERACEAE X

Heliotropium nelsonii BORAGINACEAE X

Heliotropium ovalifolium BORAGINACEAE X

Heliotropium strigosum BORAGINACEAE X

Hermannia boraginiflora MALVACEAE X

Hermannia grisea MALVACEAE X

Hermannia modesta MALVACEAE X

Hermbstaedtia odorata AMARANTHACEAE X X Hexalobus monopetalus ANNONACEAE X

Hibiscus calyphyllus MALVACEAE X

Hibiscus cf. palmatus MALVACEAE X

Hibiscus engleri MALVACEAE X X Hibiscus meyeri MALVACEAE X

Hibiscus micranthus MALVACEAE X

Hibiscus schinzii MALVACEAE X

Hirpicium bechuanense ASTERACEAE X X Hyparrhenia cymbaria POACEAE X

Indigastrum costatum FABACEAE X

89 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 LISTED IN OBSERVED AND 2016 SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY REGIONAL STUDIES ANECDOTAL STATUS* Indigofera cf. heterotricha FABACEAE X

Indigofera circinnata FABACEAE X X Indigofera holubii FABACEAE X

Indigofera pongolana FABACEAE X

Indigofera schimperi FABACEAE X

Indigofera trita FABACEAE X

Indigofera vicioides FABACEAE X

Ipomoea bolusiana CONVOLVULACEAE X

Ipomoea magnusiana CONVOLVULACEAE X X Ipomoea obscura CONVOLVULACEAE X X Ipomoea sinensis subsp. blepharosepala CONVOLVULACEAE X X Justicia exigua ACANTHACEAE X

Justicia flava ACANTHACEAE X

Justicia odora ACANTHACEAE X

Justicia protracta subsp. protracta ACANTHACEAE X X Kalanchoe brachyloba CRASSULACEAE X X Kalanchoe rotundifolia CRASSULACEAE X

Kleinia fulgens ASTERACEAE X

Kohautia caespitosa RUBIACEAE X

Kohautia cynanchica RUBIACEAE X

Kyphocarpa angustifolia AMARANTHACEAE X

Laggera decurrens ASTERACEAE X

Lapeirousia sandersonii IRIDACEAE X

Ledebouria apertiflora HYACINTHACEAE X

Ledebouria cooperi HYACINTHACEAE X

Ledebouria sandersonii HYACINTHACEAE X

Leonotis cf. nepetifolia LAMIACEAE X

Leucas glabrata LAMIACEAE X

Leucas sexdentata LAMIACEAE X

Limeum argute-carinatum MOLLUGINACEAE X

Limeum dinteri MOLLUGINACEAE X

Limeum pterocarpum var. pterocarpum MOLLUGINACEAE X

Limeum sulcatum MOLLUGINACEAE X

Limeum viscosum subsp. transvaalense MOLLUGINACEAE X

Listia heterophylla FABACEAE X

Ludwigia octovalvis ONAGRACEAE X X Maerua edulis CAPPARACEAE X

90 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 LISTED IN OBSERVED AND 2016 SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY REGIONAL STUDIES ANECDOTAL STATUS* Marsilia sp. MARSILACEAE X

Melhania acuminata var. acuminata MALVACEAE X X Mimusops zeyheri SAPOTACEAE X

Momordica balsamina CUCURBITACEAE X X Monechma debile ACANTHACEAE X

Monsonia angustifolia GERANIACEAE X

Monsonia glauca GERANIACEAE X

Nidorella resedifolia ASTERACEAE X

Nuxia oppositifolia BUDDLEJACEAE X

Nymphaea nouchali var. caerulea NYMPHAEACEAE X

Nymphoides thunbergiana MENYANTHACEAE X

Ochna inermis OCHNACEAE X

Ocimum americanum L. var. Americanum LAMIACEAE X

Ocimum filamentosum LAMIACEAE X

Ornithogalum cf. seineri HYACINTHACEAE X

Otoptera burchellii FABACEAE X X Oxygonum cf. delagoense POLYGONACEAE X

Oxygonum sinuatum POLYGONACEAE X

Ozoroa paniculosa . var. Paniculosa ANACARDIACEAE X

Panicum subalbidum POACEAE X

Pappea capensis SAPINDACEAE X

Peltophorum africanum FABACEAE X

Peristrophe paniculata ACANTHACEAE X

Persicaria limbata POLYGONACEAE X

Phaeoptilum spinosum NYCTAGINACEAE X

Philyrophyllum schinzii ASTERACEAE X

Phyllanthus angolensis PHYLLANTHACEAE X

Phyllanthus maderaspatensis PHYLLANTHACEAE X

Plicosepalus kalachariensis LORANTHACEAE X X Plumbago zeylanica PLUMBAGINACEAE X

Pogonarthria squarrosa POACEAE X

Pomaria burchellii FABACEAE X

Portulaca quadrifida PORTULACACEAE X

Pseudocrossidium porphyreoneurum POTTIACEAE X

Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia var. maprouneifolia PHYLLANTHACEAE X

Pterocarpus rotundifolius subsp. Rotundifolius FABACEAE X

91 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 LISTED IN OBSERVED AND 2016 SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY REGIONAL STUDIES ANECDOTAL STATUS* Pterodiscus speciosus PEDALIACEAE X

Ptycholobium contortum FABACEAE X

Pupalia lappacea var. lappacea AMARANTHACEAE X X Rhoicissus digitata VITACEAE X

Rhoicissus revoilii VITACEAE X

Rhynchosia totta FABACEAE X

Rhynchosia venulosa FABACEAE X

Riccia argenteolimbata RICCIACEAE X

Riccia atropurpurea RICCIACEAE X

Riccia congoana RICCIACEAE X

Riccia okahandjana RICCIACEAE X

Ruellia patula ACANTHACEAE X

Sansevieria aethiopica DRACAENACEAE X

Sarcostemma viminale APOCYNACEAE X

Schkuhria pinnata ASTERACEAE X

Schmidtia pappophoroides POACEAE X

Schoenoplectus erectus CYPERACEAE X

Schoenoplectus muricinux CYPERACEAE X

Schotia brachypetala FABACEAE X

Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra ANACARDIACEAE X X Seddera capensis CONVOLVULACEAE X

Selaginella dregei SELAGINELLACEAE X

Senna italica subsp. arachoides FABACEAE X X Sesamum triphyllum var. triphyllum PEDALIACEAE X X Sida cordifolia L. subsp. cordifolia MALVACEAE X

Sida ovata MALVACEAE X X Solanum delagoense SOLANACEAE X

Sphaeranthus peduncularis subsp. Peduncularis ASTERACEAE X

Spirostachys africana EUPHORBIACEAE X X Stapelia gettliffei APOCYNACEAE X

Stapelia kwebensis APOCYNACEAE X

Sterculia rogersii MALVACEAE X

Stipagrostis uniplumis var. Uniplumis POACEAE X

Strychnos madagascariensis STRYCHNACEAE X

Sutherlandia frutescens FABACEAE X

Syncolostemon canescens LAMIACEAE X

Tephrosia longipes subsp. longipes var. Longipes FABACEAE X

92 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 LISTED IN OBSERVED AND 2016 SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY REGIONAL STUDIES ANECDOTAL STATUS* Tephrosia purpurea FABACEAE X

Tephrosia rhodesica var. Rhodesica FABACEAE X

Terminalia sericea COMBRETACEAE X X Tribulus terrestris ZYGOPHYLLACEAE X

Tribulus zeyheri subsp. Zeyheri ZYGOPHYLLACEAE X

Tricholaena monachne POACEAE X

Tylosema fassoglense FABACEAE X

Urochloa brachyura POACEAE X

Vernonia fastigiata ASTERACEAE X X Waltheria indica MALVACEAE X X Xanthocercis zambesiaca FABACEAE X

Ximenia americana var. Microphylla OLACACEAE X

Ziziphus mucronata subsp. mucronata RHAMNACEAE X

Zornia glochidiata FABACEAE X

* Unless otherwise stated, the 2016 Status of each of the species are “Least Concern”

93 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 Mammalian Species List

Taphozous mauritianus Mauritian Tomb Bat X 2

97 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 Avifaunal Species List

LISTED IN LISTED IN OBSERVED LIKELIHOOD OF 2016 SCIENTIFIC NAMES COMMON NAME REGIONAL SABAP AND OCCURRENCE** STATUS* STUDIES DATABASE ANECDOTAL Struthio camelus Common Ostrich X 1 X X

Tachybaptus ruficollis Little Grebe X 1 X X

Pelecanus rufescens Pink-backed Pelican X 3 Vulnerable

Phalacrocorax africanus Reed Cormorant X 2 X X

Anhinga rufa African Darter 2 X

Ardea cinerea Grey Heron X 2 X

Black-headed Ardea melanocephala Heron X 1 X X

Ardea purpurea Purple Heron 2 X

Egretta alba Great Egret X 1 X

Egretta garzetta Little Egret X 1 X X

Egretta intermedia Yellow-billed Egret 2 X

Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret X 1 X X

Ardeola ralloides Squacco Heron 2 X

Green-backed Butorides striata Heron 1 X

White-backed Gorsachius leuconotus Night-Heron X 5 Vulnerable

Scopus umbretta Hamerkop X 1 X X

Ciconia ciconia White Stork X 1 X

Near Ciconia nigra Black Stork X 4 Threatened

Ciconia abdimii Abdim's Stork 1 X

Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis Saddle-billed Stork X 4 EN

Near Leptoptilos crumeniferus Marabou Stork X 3 Threatened

Mycteria ibis Yellow-billed Stork X 1 X Vulnerable

Threskiornis aethiopicus African Sacred Ibis X 3

Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis X 4

Bostrychia hagedash Hadeda Ibis X 1 X X

Platalea alba African Spoonbill X 1 X

Near Phoenicopterus ruber Greater Flamingo X 4 Threatened

Near Phoenicopterus minor Lesser Flamingo X 4 Threatened

Dendrocygna viduata White-faced Duck X 1 X

Thalassornis leuconotus White-backed Duck X 4

Anas undulata Yellow-billed Duck X 2

Anas sparsa African Black Duck 1 X

Anas capensis Cape Teal X 3

Anas erythrorhyncha Red-billed Teal X 4

Sarkidiornis melanotos Comb Duck X 1 X

Plectropterus gambensis Spur-winged Goose X 1 X

Oxyura maccoa Maccoa Duck X 4

Near Sagittarius serpentarius Secretarybird X 2 Threatened

Gyps coprotheres Cape Vulture X 1 X Vulnerable

White-backed Gyps africanus Vulture X 1 X X Vulnerable Lappet-faced Aegypius tracheliotus Vulture X 3 Vulnerable

White-headed Aegypius occipitalis Vulture X 3 Vulnerable

Milvus migrans Black Kite X 3

Black-shouldered Elanus caeruleus Kite 1 X X

Aquila verreauxii Verreauxs' Eagle 1 X

Aquila rapax Tawny Eagle X 1 X Vulnerable

Aquila nipalensis Steppe Eagle 1 X

Aquila wahlbergi Wahlberg's Eagle X 1 X

Aquila spilogaster African Hawk-Eagle 1 X

Near Aquila ayresii Ayres's Hawk-Eagle X 4 Threatened

Polemaetus bellicosus Martial Eagle X 3 Vulnerable

Circaetus cinereus Brown Snake-Eagle X 1 X

Black-chested Circaetus pectoralis Snake-Eagle X 1 X

Terathopius ecaudatus Bateleur X 4 Vulnerable

Haliaeetus vocifer African Fish-Eagle 1 X X

Buteo vulpinus Steppe Buzzard X 1 X

Ovambo Accipiter ovampensis Sparrowhawk 1 X

Accipiter minullus Little Sparrowhawk 1 X

Accipiter badius Shikra 1 X

Melierax gabar Gabar Goshawk X 1 X

Dark Chanting Melierax metabates Goshawk 1 X

Western Marsh- Circus aeruginosus Harrier 1 X

Near Circus macrourus Pallid Harrier X 4 Threatened

African Harrier- Polyboroides typus Hawk 1 X

Near Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon X 3 Threatened

Near Falco biarmicus Lanner Falcon X 2 Threatened

Falco amurensis Amur Falcon X 2

Falco rupicolus Rock Kestrel 3 X

Falco naumanni Lesser Kestrel X 3 Vulnerable

Peliperdix coqui Coqui Francolin 1 X

Dendroperdix sephaena Crested Francolin X 1 X X

Pternistis natalensis Natal Spurfowl X 1 X X

Swainson's Pternistis swainsonii Spurfowl X 1 X X

Coturnix coturnix Common Quail 1 X

Coturnix delegorguei Harlequin Quail X 4

Helmeted Numida meleagris Guineafowl X 1 X X

Guttera edouardi Crested Guineafowl 5

Kurrichane Turnix sylvaticus Buttonquail X 1 X

Amaurornis flavirostris Black Crake 1 X

Gallinula chloropus Common Moorhen 1 X

Podica senegalensis African Finfoot X 5 Vulnerable

Ardeotis kori Kori Bustard X 1 X X Vulnerable Red-crested Lophotis ruficrista Korhaan X 1 X X

Actophilornis africanus African Jacana X 1 X

Greater Painted- Near Rostratula benghalensis snipe X 4 Threatened

Charadrius pecuarius Kittlitz's Plover X 3

Three-banded Charadrius tricollaris Plover X 1 X

Vanellus coronatus Crowned Lapwing X 1 X X

White-crowned Near Vanellus albiceps Lapwing 4 X Threatened

African Wattled Vanellus senegallus Lapwing 1 X

Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper X 1 X

Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper X 1 X

Common Tringa nebularia Greenshank X 1 X

Calidris minuta Little Stint X 3

Philomachus pugnax Ruff X 3

Recurvirostra avosetta Pied Avocet X 4

Himantopus himantopus Black-winged Stilt X 4

Burhinus capensis Spotted Thick-knee X 1 X X

Burhinus vermiculatus Water Thick-knee X 3 X

Temminck's Cursorius temminckii Courser 1 X

Bronze-winged Rhinoptilus chalcopterus Courser X 1 X

Black-winged Near Glareola nordmanni Pratincole X 4 Threatened

Larus cirrocephalus Grey-headed Gull X 4

Chlidonias leucopterus White-winged Tern X 4

Burchell's Pterocles burchelli Sandgrouse X 1 X

Double-banded Pterocles bicinctus Sandgrouse 1 X

Columba guinea Speckled Pigeon X 1 X

Streptopelia semitorquata Red-eyed Dove X 1 X X

Streptopelia capicola Cape Turtle-Dove X 1 X X

Streptopelia senegalensis Laughing Dove X 1 X X

Oena capensis Namaqua Dove X 1 X X

Emerald-spotted Turtur chalcospilos Wood-Dove X 1 X X

African Green- Treron calvus Pigeon 1 X

Poicephalus meyeri Meyer's Parrot 1 X

Corythaixoides concolor Grey Go-away-bird X 1 X X

Cuculus gularis African Cuckoo 1 X

Red-chested Cuculus solitarius Cuckoo X 1 X

Clamator jacobinus Jacobin Cuckoo X 1 X

Chrysococcyx klaas Klaas's Cuckoo X 1 X

Chrysococcyx caprius Diderick Cuckoo X 1 X

Centropus burchellii Burchell's Coucal X 1 X X

Tyto alba Barn Owl X 1 X

Otus senegalensis African Scops-Owl 1 X X

Southern White- Ptilopsis granti faced Scops-Owl X 1 X X

Glaucidium perlatum Pearl-spotted Owlet 1 X X

African Barred Glaucidium capense Owlet 4 X

Bubo africanus Spotted Eagle-Owl X 1 X

Fiery-necked Caprimulgus pectoralis Nightjar X 1 X

Rufous-cheeked Caprimulgus rufigena Nightjar X 1 X

Caprimulgus tristigma Freckled Nightjar 1 X

Apus barbatus African Black Swift 1 X

White-rumped Apus caffer Swift 1 X

Apus affinis Little Swift X 1 X X

Cypsiurus parvus African Palm-Swift 1 X

Speckled Colius striatus Mousebird 1 X

Red-faced Urocolius indicus Mousebird X 1 X

Ceryle rudis Pied Kingfisher 1 X

Half-collared Near Alcedo semitorquata Kingfisher X 5 Threatened

African Pygmy- Ispidina picta Kingfisher 1 X

Woodland Halcyon senegalensis Kingfisher X 1 X

Brown-hooded Halcyon albiventris Kingfisher X 1 X X

Halcyon chelicuti Striped Kingfisher 1 X

Merops apiaster European Bee-eater X 1 X

Blue-cheeked Bee- Merops persicus eater X 1 X

Southern Carmine Merops nubicoides Bee-eater X 1 X

Merops pusillus Little Bee-eater X 1 X X

Swallow-tailed Bee- Merops hirundineus eater X 1 X

Coracias garrulus European Roller 1 X X

Lilac-breasted Coracias caudatus Roller X 1 X X

Coracias naevius Purple Roller X 1 X X

Eurystomus glaucurus Broad-billed Roller 4 X

Upupa africana African Hoopoe X 1 X X

Green Wood- Phoeniculus purpureus Hoopoe 1 X X

Common Rhinopomastus cyanomelas Scimitarbill X 1 X X

African Grey Tockus nasutus Hornbill X 1 X X

Tockus erythrorhynchus Red-billed Hornbill X 1 X X

Southern Yellow- Tockus leucomelas billed Hornbill X 1 X X

Southern Ground- Bucorvus leadbeateri Hornbill X 3 Vulnerable

Black-collared Lybius torquatus Barbet 1 X

Tricholaema leucomelas Acacia Pied Barbet X 1 X X

Yellow-fronted Pogoniulus chrysoconus Tinkerbird 1 X X

Trachyphonus vaillantii Crested Barbet X 1 X X

Greater Indicator indicator Honeyguide X 1 X

Indicator minor Lesser Honeyguide X 1 X

Bennett's Campethera bennettii Woodpecker 1 X X

Golden-tailed Campethera abingoni Woodpecker X 1 X

Cardinal Dendropicos fuscescens Woodpecker X 1 X

Bearded Dendropicos namaquus Woodpecker 1 X X

Red-throated Jynx ruficollis Wryneck 1 X

Mirafra passerina Monotonous Lark X 1 X

Mirafra africana Rufous-naped Lark X 1 X

Calendulauda sabota Sabota Lark X 1 X X

Pinarocorys nigricans Dusky Lark 1 X

Calandrella cinerea Red-capped Lark X 1 X

Chestnut-backed Eremopterix leucotis Sparrowlark 1 X

Grey-backed Eremopterix verticalis Sparrowlark 1 X

Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow X 1 X

White-throated Hirundo albigularis Swallow 1 X

Hirundo smithii Wire-tailed Swallow X 3

Pearl-breasted Hirundo dimidiata Swallow 1 X

Red-breasted Hirundo semirufa Swallow X 1 X

Greater Striped Hirundo cucullata Swallow X 3

Lesser Striped Hirundo abyssinica Swallow 1 X

Hirundo fuligula Rock Martin 1 X

Common House- Delichon urbicum Martin 1 X

Brown-throated Riparia paludicola Martin 1 X

Riparia cincta Banded Martin X 1 X

Campephaga flava Black Cuckooshrike X 1 X

Dicrurus adsimilis Fork-tailed Drongo X 1 X X

Eurasian Golden Oriolus oriolus Oriole 1 X

Black-headed Oriolus larvatus Oriole X 1 X

Corvus albus Pied Crow 1 X X

Parus cinerascens Ashy Tit X 5

Parus niger Southern Black Tit X 1 X X

Anthoscopus caroli Grey Penduline-Tit 1 X

Arrow-marked Turdoides jardineii Babbler X 1 X X

Southern Pied Turdoides bicolor Babbler X 1 X X

African Red-eyed Pycnonotus nigricans Bulbul X 1 X

Yellow-bellied Chlorocichla flaviventris Greenbul 1 X

Turdus libonyanus Kurrichane Thrush 1 X

Groundscraper Psophocichla litsitsirupa Thrush X 1 X

Cercomela familiaris Familiar Chat 1 X

Thamnolaea cinnamomeiventris Mocking Cliff-Chat 1 X

Myrmecocichla formicivora Ant-eating Chat 1 X

Saxicola torquatus African Stonechat X 1 X X

Cossypha caffra Cape Robin-Chat X 1 X

White-throated Cossypha humeralis Robin-Chat 1 X

White-browed Cercotrichas leucophrys Scrub-Robin X 1 X X ENDEMIC Kalahari Scrub- Cercotrichas paena Robin X 1 X X

Sylvia borin Garden Warbler X 3

Common Sylvia communis Whitethroat X 1 X X

Chestnut-vented Parisoma subcaeruleum Tit-Babbler X 1 X

Hippolais icterina Icterine Warbler X 1 X

Hippolais olivetorum Olive-tree Warbler X 4

Great Reed- Acrocephalus arundinaceus Warbler 1 X

Acrocephalus schoenobaenus Sedge Warbler 1 X

Lesser Swamp- Acrocephalus gracilirostris Warbler 1 X

Phylloscopus trochilus Willow Warbler X 1 X

Apalis thoracica Bar-throated Apalis 1 X

Long-billed Sylvietta rufescens Crombec X 1 X X

Yellow-bellied Eremomela icteropygialis Eremomela X 1 X

Burnt-necked Eremomela usticollis Eremomela X 1 X

Green-backed Camaroptera brachyura Camaroptera X 1 X

Barred Wren- Calamonastes fasciolatus Warbler X 1 X

Cisticola aridulus Desert Cisticola 1 X

Cisticola chiniana Rattling Cisticola X 1 X X

Cisticola erythrops Red-faced Cisticola 1 X

Cisticola tinniens Levaillant's Cisticola 1 X

Cisticola fulvicapilla Neddicky 1 X

Tawny-flanked Prinia subflava Prinia X 1 X

Prinia flavicans Black-chested Prinia X 1 X

Muscicapa striata Spotted Flycatcher 1 X X

Muscicapa caerulescens Ashy Flycatcher 1 X

Myioparus plumbeus Grey Tit-Flycatcher 1 X

Southern Black Melaenornis pammelaina Flycatcher X 1 X

Bradornis mariquensis Marico Flycatcher X 1 X

Bradornis pallidus Pale Flycatcher 3 X

Sigelus silens Fiscal Flycatcher 1 X

Batis molitor Chinspot Batis X 1 X X

Black-throated Near Platysteira peltata Wattle-eye 1 X Threatened

Stenostira scita Fairy Flycatcher 1 X

African Paradise- Terpsiphone viridis Flycatcher X 1 X

Anthus cinnamomeus African Pipit 1 X

Anthus vaalensis Buffy Pipit 1 X

Lanius minor Lesser Grey Shrike X 1 X

Lanius collaris Common Fiscal 1 X X

Lanius collurio Red-backed Shrike X 1 X

Lanius souzae Souza's Shrike 5

Corvinella melanoleuca Magpie Shrike X 1 X X

Laniarius ferrugineus Southern Boubou 1 X

Laniarius aethiopicus Tropical Boubou 1 X

Crimson-breasted Laniarius atrococcineus Shrike X 1 X

Black-backed Dryoscopus cubla Puffback X 1 X X

Nilaus afer Brubru X 1 X

Brown-crowned Tchagra australis Tchagra X 1 X X

Orange-breasted Telophorus sulfureopectus Bush-Shrike X 1 X

Grey-headed Bush- Malaconotus blanchoti Shrike 1 X

White-crested Prionops plumatus Helmet-Shrike X 1 X X

Southern White- Eurocephalus anguitimens crowned Shrike X 1 X X

Acridotheres tristis Common Myna X 4

Creatophora cinerea Wattled Starling X 1 X

Violet-backed Cinnyricinclus leucogaster Starling X 1 X

Lamprotornis australis Burchell's Starling X 2

Lamprotornis mevesii Meves's Starling X 2

Lamprotornis nitens Cape Glossy Starling X 1 X X

Greater Blue-eared Lamprotornis chalybaeus Starling 1 X

Onychognathus morio Red-winged Starling 1 X

Near Buphagus erythrorhynchus Red-billed Oxpecker X 1 X Threatened

Cinnyris mariquensis Marico Sunbird X 1 X

White-bellied Cinnyris talatala Sunbird X 1 X X

Chalcomitra amethystina Amethyst Sunbird 1 X

Zosterops virens Cape White-eye X 1 X

Red-billed Buffalo- Bubalornis niger Weaver X 1 X X

White-browed Plocepasser mahali Sparrow-Weaver X 1 X X

Passer domesticus House Sparrow X 1 X X

Passer motitensis Great Sparrow X 1 X

Passer melanurus Cape Sparrow X 1 X X

Southern Grey- Passer diffusus headed Sparrow X 1 X X

Yellow-throated Petronia superciliaris Petronia 1 X

Scaly-feathered Sporopipes squamifrons Finch X 1 X X

Ploceus cucullatus Village Weaver X 1 X

Lesser Masked- Ploceus intermedius Weaver X 1 X

Red-headed Anaplectes melanotis Weaver 1 X

Quelea quelea Red-billed Quelea X 1 X X

Southern Red Euplectes orix Bishop 1 X

Yellow-crowned Euplectes afer Bishop X 1 X

White-winged Euplectes albonotatus Widowbird 1 X

Green-winged Pytilia melba Pytilia X 1 X

Lagonosticta rhodopareia Jameson's Firefinch X 1 X

Lagonosticta senegala Red-billed Firefinch 1 X

Uraeginthus angolensis Blue Waxbill X 1 X X

Violet-eared Granatina granatina Waxbill X 1 X

Estrilda astrild Common Waxbill 1 X X

Estrilda erythronotos Black-faced Waxbill X 1 X X

Ortygospiza atricollis African Quailfinch 1 X

Orange-breasted Sporaeginthus subflavus Waxbill 1 X

Amadina fasciata Cut-throat Finch X 1 X

Amadina erythrocephala Red-headed Finch X 1 X

Spermestes cucullatus Bronze Mannikin 1 X

Vidua macroura Pin-tailed Whydah X 1 X

Shaft-tailed Vidua regia Whydah X 1 X

Long-tailed Vidua paradisaea Paradise-Whydah X 1 X

Vidua funerea Dusky Indigobird 1 X

Vidua chalybeata Village Indigobird 1 X

Yellow-fronted Crithagra mozambicus Canary X 1 X X

Black-throated Crithagra atrogularis Canary X 1 X

Crithagra flaviventris Yellow Canary X 2

Golden-breasted Emberiza flaviventris Bunting X 1 X X

Cinnamon-breasted Emberiza tahapisi Bunting X 1 X X

Milvus aegyptius Yellow-billed Kite X 1 X

Grey-backed Camaroptera brevicaudata Camaroptera 1 X

109 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 Herpetofauna Species List

Chamaeleo dilepis Common Flap-neck Chameleon X 1 X

Hemidactylus mabouia Common Tropical House Gecko X 1 X

Amblyodipsas polylepis Common Purple-glossed Snake X 2

Panaspis maculicollis Spotted-neck Snake-eyed Skink X 4

Rhinotyphlops lalandei Delalande's Beaked Blind Snake X 2

Varanus albigularis Rock Monitor X 1 Varanus niloticus Water Monitor X 2 Bitis arietans Puff Adder X 1 X Causus defilippii Snouted Night Adder X 3 Causus rhombeatus Rhombic Night Adder X 1 X

112 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 Amphibian Species List

LISTED IN OBSERVED AND LIKELIHOOD OF 2004 SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME REGIONAL ANECDOTAL OCCURRENCE** STATUS* STUDIES RECORDS

Afrana angolensis Common River Frog X 1

Golden Leaf-Folding Afrixalus aureus Frog X 5

Breviceps adspersus Bushveld Rain Frog X 1

Bufo fenoulheti Northern Pygmy Toad X 2

Bufo garmani Olive Toad X 1

Bufo gutturalis Guttural Toad X 1

Cacosternum boettgeri Common Caco X 1 X Chiromantis xerampelina Foam Nest Frog X 2

Kassina senegalensis Bubbling Kassina X 1

Phrynobatrachus mababiensis Dwarf Puddle Frog X 4

Phrynobatrachus natalensis Snoring Puddle Frog X 1

Phrynomantis bifasciatus Banded Rubber Frog X 1

Ptychadena anchietae Plain Grass frog X 1

Near Pyxicephalus adspersus Giant Bullfrog X 2 Threatened

Schismaderma carens Red Toad X 1

Tomopterna cryptotis Tremolo Sand Frog X 1

Tomopterna krugerensis Knocking Sand Frog X 2

Xenopus laevis Common Platanna X 1

4496/MVR/mvr 113 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496 Invertebrate Species List

115 | P a g e Biodiversity Assessment – Lephalale Coal Mine 4496

APPENDIX 2 – CURRICULA VITAE OF THE SPECIALISTS

• Magnus van Rooyen

• Jake Alletson

• Amanda Austin

4496/MVR/mvr 116 | P a g e

CURRICULUM VITAE

MAGNUS VAN ROOYEN

Profession ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTIST

Position in Firm Executive Associate

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS, SCOPING REPORTS, PRELIMINARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, MINING RIGHT AND PERMIT APPLICATIONS, Area of ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OFFICER DUTIES; ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Specialisation PROGRAMMES, STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS, WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT PLANS, ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS. BSc, BSc (Hons), MPhil. (Environmental Management) Qualifications

Years of 13 Experience

Years with Firm 10

SUMMARY OF EXPERIENCE

Mr Van Rooyen is currently an Executive Associate and the Regional Head of the Environmental Division of a National Consulting Engineering Firm in South Africa. He is located in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu- Natal. In addition to holding a Masters degree in Environmental Management, he also holds a BSc degree in Botany and Zoology, an Honors Degree in Botany and a Post Graduate Certificate in Education. He has 13 years’ experience in projects involving Environmental Impact Assessments in various developmental sectors (Mining and Agricultural Sector, National Roads, Pipelines, Dams, and Residential Developments), conducting of Specialist Biodiversity Assessments associated with Environmental Impact Assessments and Project Feasibility Studies. He has experience in the compilation of Resettlement Policy Framework Plans associated with infrastructure development projects. Mr van Rooyen has experience in working on various private and public sectors as well as rural and urban environments in various countries. Mr Van Rooyen’s expertise lies within the mining sector where he has gained extensive exposure to all the aspects of mining projects from the pre-feasibility, prospecting, environmental impact assessment

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and implementation and monitoring stages. In addition, he has conducted Due Diligence Assessments as well as Environmental Compliance Monitoring and Management of a variety of mining sites.

EDUCATION

Date (from – to): 1995-1998 Degree/Institution: BSc – Botany & Zoology (Stellenbosch University) Date (from – to): 1999 Degree/Institution: Special Student - Department of Agriculture (Stellenbosch University) Date (from – to): 2001 Degree/Institution: B.Sc Honnours – Botany (Stellenbosch University ) Date (from – to): 2002 Degree/Institution: Post Graduate Diploma in Teaching (Stellenbosch University) Date (from – to) 2003 – 2005 Degree/Institution: Masters Degree in Environmental Management (Stellenbosch University)

Other Training: 2008 – 2009 Jeffares and Green Consulting Engineers and Environmental Consultants Accelerated Development Programme 2014: Wetland Delineation and Modeling Course – Rhodes University 2015: Wetland Buffer Determination Course – Water Research Commission

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EMPLOYMENT RECORD Date (from – to) 1999 Location Witley Bay, Northumberland, United Kingdom Employer Marden Bridge Middle School Position(s) Physical Education Teacher Description Physical Educator associated with the Marden Bridge Middle School Sport Centre. Date (from – to) 2000 Location Bradenton, Florida, USA Employer Gene’s Citrus Ranch Position(s) Farm Manager Description Management of the day to day operations of an export citrus farm operation. Date (from – to) 2001 – 2002 Location Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa Employer Paul Roos Gymnasium Position(s) Biology Teacher Description Teaching the South African Biology curriculum to high school pupils. Date (from – to) 2002 – 2005 Location Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa Employer Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University Position(s) Junior Lecturer in Botany Description Lectured the Botany practical component of the first-year Natural Science Degree. Date (from – to) 2002 – 2005 Location Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa Employer Department of Conservation Ecology, University of Stellenbosch Position(s) Biodiversity Researcher Description Conducted field work, sampling, laboratory work and logistics associated with two projects within the Conservation Ecology Department

SPECIFIC EXPERIENCE JG Afrika (Pty) Ltd (Previously Jeffares & Green (Pty) Ltd) 2006 – 2007

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Position(s) Environmental Scientist Description Conducted a wide range of infrastructure related Environmental Impact Assessments. Date (from – to) 2007 - present Location Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Employer JG Afrika (Pty) Ltd (Previously Jeffares & Green (Pty) Ltd) Consultants Position(s) Project Manager, Senior Environmental Specialist Description Project Management of an environmental contingent of 4 people and conducting Environmental Impact Assessments.

RECENT PROJECT EXPERIENCE Biodiversity Assessment Projects Mamatwan Tailings Facility Biodiversity and Wetland Assessment for the site to be used for the establishment of the new tailings facility on the South32 Mamatwan Manganese Mine near Hotazel. Hillside Aluminum Desalination Plant Biodiversity Screening Assessment for the infrastructure network associated with the South32 Hillside Aluminum Desalination Plant in Richards Bay. Lichtenburg Siding Expansion Biodiversity Assessment for the proposed expansion of the Lichtenburg Cement Siding, North West Province. Nacala Dam Project Riparian Vegetation Study for the Ecological Reserve Determination Specialist Study for the Environmental Impact Assessment for the Nacala Dam Project in Mozambique. National Route N8 Vegetation Specialist Study for the Environmental Impact Assessment for the National Route N8. National Route N2 uMgeni Interchange Improvements Environmental Impact Assessment for proposed improvements to the uMgeni Road Interchange and the National Route N2. The project included an extensive public participation process within the city of Durban, KwaZulu-Natal during the process. Qudeni Link Road Vegetation Specialist Study for the Environmental Impact Assessment for the Qudeni Rural Link Road. Municipal Landfill Site Identification Negative mapping and ground truthing for the options analysis for the identification of a District Municipality Landfill Site.

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Port Related Projects Pier 1 Phase 2 expansion Environmental Impact Assessment for proposed expansions to Pier 1 within the Durban Harbour. Locomotive Turning Table in the Port of Richards Bay Environmental Impact Assessment for proposed Locomotive Turn Table in within the Port of Richards Bay. Rail line construction in the Port of Richards Bay Environmental Impact Assessment for proposed additional rail line into the Richards Bay Coal Terminal in the Port of Richards Bay. Environmental Monitoring – RME Projects Durban Harbour Environmental Monitoring Duties for all the RME construction projects within the Durban harbour. Ore Loading Facility at Kalia in Guinea Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed Ore Loading Facility in Kalia in Guinea, West Africa.

Roads Projects National Route N2 uMgeni Interchange Improvements Environmental Impact Assessment for proposed improvements to the uMgeni Road Interchange and the National Route N2. The project included an extensive public participation process with a range of public and private sector stakeholders. National Route N11 upgrade Environmental Impact Assessment for proposed upgrade of the National Route N11. The project included a public participation process with a range of public and private sector stakeholders as well as specialist studies associated with the river crossings. National Route N2 improvement and upgrade Environmental Impact Assessment for proposed upgrade of the National Route N2. The project included a public participation process with a range of public and private sector stakeholders as well as specialist studies associated with the river crossings. National Route N3 Chota Motala Interchange Environmental Audits Environmental Monitoring for the construction of the Chota Motala Interchange on the National Route N3. National Route R30 Environmental Audits Environmental Monitoring for the construction of the National Route R30.

Agricultural Projects uMngano Community Dairy Development Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for the Development of a 200ha dairy for the uMngano Community in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. uMngano Community Vegetable Project

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for the Development of a 180ha vegetable growing project for the uMngano Community in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Sundays River Citrus Project Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for the Development of a 100ha citrus project in the Sundays River Valley in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.

Water Projects Nacala Dam project in Mozambique for the Millennium Challenge Corporation Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for the Nacala Dam project in Nacala, Mozambique. The study included the management of a range of specialist studies which included; biodiversity (fauna and flora) assessments, health impact assessments, social impact assessments, a hydrocensus, geotechnical investigation and an ecological flow requirement assessment. The project was conducted under the auspices of the Millennium Challenge Corporation. Mpofana Bulk Water Supply Scheme Environmental Impact Assessment for the Bulk Water Supply Scheme which included an extensive public facilitation process with affected landowners and other specialist studies. KwaHlokohloko Rural Water Supply Scheme Environmental Impact Assessment for the Rural Water Supply Scheme which included an extensive public facilitation process with the rural landowners and tribal leaders. Conservation Management Plans Project Name Description of Works Ndumo Game Reserve Management Plan Compilation of the Management Plan for the KwaZulu-Natal Wildlife Ndumo Game Reserve in northern KwaZulu-Natal. The compilation was conducted in accordance to the National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act (No 57 of 2003).

Mining Projects Uithoek Colliery for Miranda Mineral Holdings Environmental Impact Assessment for the establishment of the Uithoek Colliery including the management of a range of specialist studies which included a hydrological and geohydrological assessment, a biodiversity assessment, a social and heritage assessment and a repatriation plan for residents on the site.

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Burnside Colliery for Miranda Mineral Holdings Environmental Impact Assessment for the establishment of the Burnside Colliery including the management of a range of specialist studies which included a hydrological and geohydrological assessment, a biodiversity assessment, a social and heritage assessment and a repatriation plan for residents on the site. Ultimate Goal Colliery for Corobrik (Pty) Ltd Environmental Impact Assessment for the establishment of the Ultimate Goal Colliery including the management of a range of specialist studies which included a hydrological and geohydrological assessment, a biodiversity assessment, a social and heritage assessment and a repatriation plan for residents on the site. Klipwaal Gold Mine for Miranda Mineral Holdings Environmental Due Diligence assessment on the Klipwaal Gold Mine which included an assessment of completed and required rehabilitation, a contaminated land liability assessment and an evaluation of the structure and the possible impact of the slurry dams. Afrimat Quarries Compliance Audits Compliance audits and Due Diligence assessments of the Afrimat Quarry operations in South Africa. These audits are conducted on a two yearly basis.

Private and Public Sector Development Projects Provincial Legislature Precinct Environmental and Social Impact Assessment for the proposed Provincial Legislature Precinct. This study consisted of a large public facilitation component and extensive engagement with private and public sector stakeholders. Camps Drift Canal Mixed Use Development Environmental Impact Assessment for proposed improvements to the uMgeni Road Interchange and the National Route N2. The project included an extensive public participation process within the city of Durban, KwaZulu-Natal during the process. Tiger Lodge Development Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed Tiger Lodge Tourism Development. Paradise Lodge Development Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed Paradise Lodge Tourism Development.

A full list of projects managed and studies conducted as well as contact details of references can be supplied on request.

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PROFESSIONAL REGISTRATION AND SOCIETY MEMBERSHIP: Professionally registered with the South African Council for Natural Scientific Professionals (SACNASP Reg. No. 400335/11) International Association of Impact Assessors – South Africa Suite, membership number 1839

PERSONAL DETAILS Nationality – South African Date of Birth – 4 September 1976

Languages

Language reading speaking writing English Excellent Excellent Excellent Afrikaans Excellent Excellent Excellent German Fair Fair Poor Dutch Fair Fair Poor Zulu Poor Communication Poor

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CURRICULUM VITAE

JAKE ALLETSON

Profession Consulting Ecological Scientist

Position in Firm Consulting Ecological Scientist

Area of Specialisation Specialist Ecologist

Qualifications BSc (Biol Sci), BSc (Hons) (Zoology)

Years of Experience 41 Years

Years with Firm 4 Years

SUMMARY OF EXPERIENCE

Mr Alletson has long experience in the fields of conservation and management of the natural environment and has specialised in aquatic species and systems and in conservation at the scale of landscape. In 1975 he joined to the Natal Parks Board where he served for 21 years in several positions. His activities in this time included research and management of certain fish species, management of a trout hatchery, provision of an extension service in the farm game section, and participation in management of game and nature reserves including drafting of management plans. From 1984 onwards he served as the Board’s river and wetland specialist ecologist and was involved in wetland- related research and management activities. In the process he instigated the development of the KwaZulu-Natal Environmental Atlas and participated in environmental impact assessments including that of the St Lucia Eastern Shores dune mining. In 1997 he formed Alletson Ecologicals, an environmental consultancy and has undertaken a wide variety of environmental investigation and monitoring programmes. Amongst these are some 100 Environmental Impact Assessments. These range from small-scale developments such as timber planting permits, gravel pits, and irrigation dams, through to coal mines, large state dams, housing schemes, private property developments, and pipelines. Some of these projects were undertaken as a member of a team of specialists while in others all facets of impact assessment were undertaken. In the course of this work he has gained a good understanding of the requirements of the National Environmental Management Act (NEMA), the Biodiversity Act (NEM:BA), and the Environment Conservation Act. He has developed a standardised procedure for assessing and describing impacts and this has become widely used by others. He has also consulted for government departments and quasi-government organisations. For Water Affairs he has worked on numerous projects including the raising of Hazelmere Dam, Mearns Weir, the Mooi-Mgeni Transfer Scheme (Spring Grove Dam, Receiving Streams, Fish surveys, etc.), the TuVa canals decommissioning, and parts of reserve studies for the Upper Tugela Catchment, Ngagane Catchment, and the Umkomaas Catchment. The Mooi- Mgeni project was given the 2003 excellence award by the SA Institute of Civil Engineers. Similar projects have included water quality studies on the proposed Metolong Dam in Lesotho, a water reticulation scheme in and around Taung (North West Province), fishways on the Komati River, and wetland rehabilitation studies, and aquatic ecosystem monitoring including both fish and SASS surveys. He has worked on several forestry related studies for the Department of Agriculture and Environment Affairs and has given training to staff in relation to afforestation issues, including both infield site analysis, and facets of impact assessment.

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Several dam, pipeline and wetland studies (past and current) have been done for Umgeni Water. Prominent amongst these was the EIA processes for the Ozwathini Bulk Water Supply Scheme which included the Sikoto Dam and the Mbizana – Flagstaff Bulk Water Supply Scheme including the Ludeke Dam. He has also regional planning studies for the Town and Regional Planning Commission. Numerous studies have been done on environmental assessment for various housing and other infrastructure upgrade projects. Apart from the planning and impact studies, Mr Alletson also acts as Environmental Control Officer for construction projects and carries out routine environmental monitoring around coal mines which are being rehabilitated as a part of the closure process. Since joining JG Afrika (Pty) Ltd Mr Alletson has worked primarily as a specialist ecologist and undertakes biodiversity and aquatic surveys for a wide range of projects being serviced by the company. These have included contributions to Eskom powerlines, water pipelines, roads, new dams, biodiversity monitoring compliance, water use licences, and factory and mining developments.

PROFESSIONAL REGISTRATIONS & INSTITUTE MEMBERSHIPS IAIAsa – International Association of Impact Assessors, South Africa ASSA – Astronomical Society of South Africa (Previous chairman of KZN Midlands Branch) PCC – Pietermaritzburg Camera Club (Chairman)

EDUCATION 1965 – Matric – Hilton College, Hilton, KwaZulu-Natal 1968 – BSc (Biological Sciences) University of Natal - Durban 1972 – BSc (Hons) (Zoology) Rhodes University

SPECIFIC EXPERIENCE JG Afrika (Pty) Ltd (Previously Jeffares & Green (Pty) Ltd)

2013 – Date Position – Consultant

The list below is a partial list of projects completed.

Environmental Assessments

Eastern Shore Dune Mining EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment – Client:Natal Parks Board

Umgeni Water Pipeline (Umgeni Valley Nature Reserve) – Environmental Impact Assessment –Client: Umgeni Water

Timber plantation development on six farms in the Underberg area – Environmental Impact Assessment – Client: Private landowners

Development of a residential complex on the properties Baviaans Rest and Heartsease in the Cathkin Valley – Environmental Impact Assessment – Client: Private landowners

Assessment of the impact of development of plantations on a group of six properties in the Maclear region, North-eastern Cape – Environmental Impact Assessment - Client: Mondi

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Preliminary Assessment - of Environmental Impacts associated with development of timber plantations on the properties Blue Bend 16042, Aasvogelkop 7932, Schaapkranz 11382, Strydfontein 7599, Boschbokkloof 8526, Groetklip 7933, Vaalkranz 8851, Vergelegen 9770, and Rhee-bok-vlei 8566 in the Newcastle District Kwazulu-Natal - Environmental Impact Assessment – Client: Private landowners

Assessment of the environmental impacts - associated with the development of a new housing scheme at Ibisi in the Eastern Cape Province Environmental Impact Assessment – Client: CCI

Assessment of the environmental impacts - associated with the construction and operation of the Donnegal Dam on the Mzalanyoni stream near Donnybrook, KwaZulu-Natal - Environmental Impact Assessment – Client: Private landowners

Assessment of certain biophysical impacts associated - with the proposed raising of the Hazelmere Dam water level – Environmental Impact Assessment – Client: Umgeni Water

Table Mountain pumped storage scheme - Pre-feasibility environmental impact assessment – Client: Eskom

Assessment of the environmental impacts - associated with the construction and operation of a weir and pumphouse on the Mzintlava River near Kokstad – Environmental Impact Assessment – Client: Ninham Shand

Assessment of the environmental impacts - associated with the construction of an irrigation dam on the Lindequespruit near Winterton, KwaZulu-Natal - Environmental Impact Assessment – Client: Private landowners

Assessment of the environmental impacts - associated with the construction of an irrigation dam on the farm Vaalbank in the Newcastle district of KwaZulu-Natal - Environmental Impact Assessment – Client: Private landowners

Assessment of the environmental impacts - associated with the construction of two irrigation dams on the farm Lone Tree Hill in the Fouriesburg district of Free State Province - Environmental Impact Assessment – Client: Private landowners

Assessment of the environmental impacts - associated with the construction of a water supply dam on the farm Commissie Drift in the Richmond district of KwaZulu-Natal -Environmental Impact Assessment – Client: Umlaas Irrigation Board

Scoping ecological assessment - of a proposed low cost housing development on the properties Rem of Portion 6 of the Farm Riet Spruit No. 899, Portion 7 of the Farm Brookdales No. 935, and Portion 9 of the Farm Rosedene No. 15098, near Merrivale, Kwazulu-Natal – Environmental Impact Assessment – Client: uMngeni Municipality

Assessment of the potential risks to rare and endangered species - which could be affected by proposed extensions of the Lafarge quarry at Inanda near Durban together with management recommendations for future conservation measures – Environmental Impact Assessment – Client: Larfarge

Scoping level ecological assessment - in relation to the proposed "Camdeboo Chase" housing development in the Hilton area - Environmental Impact Assessment – Client: Private landowners

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Findings of a preliminary environmental survey - in the Inadi area of the uMshwathi Municipal Area - Environmental Impact Assessment – Client: uMshwathi Municipality

Assessment of the environmental impacts - associated with the cultivation of 251 ha of virgin grassland on the farm Shawlands in the Nottingham Road district of KwaZulu-Natal - Environmental Impact Assessment – Client: Private landowners

Assessment of biodiversity-related issues - associated with the proposed Taung Dam Water Utilisation Feasibility Study, North West Province – Environmental Impact Assessment – Client: Darius Mguni and Associates

Environmental Scoping Report - Proposed Ludeke Water Supply Dam, Greater Mbizana/Flagstaff Regional Bulk Water Supply Scheme – Environmental Impact Assessment – Client: Umgeni Water

Proposed Sikoto Dam and Associated Bulk Works Ozwathini Bulk Water Supply Scheme – Environmental Impact Assessment - Client: Umgeni Water

Environmental Monitoring

 Findings of the first biomonitoring survey of the Allerton Stream, Pietermaritzburg in relation to a creosote spill on the N3 highway – Client: Spilltech  Fish Ecospecs and Monitoring – Client: Mzimkhulu Catchment Project Workshop Water Services  Findings of a survey made on fish and invertebrate populations at two sites near the new Dube Tradeport - Client: Institute of Natural Resources  Findings of a biological survey of sections of the Buffalo and Ngagane Rivers following a pollution event - Client: Iscor  Compendium of results of various SASS surveys undertaken by Alletson Ecologicals. Report for Client: Department of Water Affairs and Forestry  Findings of a SASS survey of the Manzana, Tshoba, and Nkongolwana Rivers near the Hlobane Colliery (Several reports on sequential surveys) - Client: Exarro  Findings of biological monitoring surveys on the Knockbrex Spruit and the adjacent reaches of the Ngagane River near Newcastle, KwaZulu-Natal (Several reports on sequential surveys) Client: Department of Water Affairs  Final report on the findings of a visit to the site of a train derailment and associated spill of phosphoric acid near Nyalazi and recommendations on certain future actions - Client: Transnet  Findings of a biological monitoring event on the Horn River near the Gardinia Mine rehabilitation site Siltech  Environmental issues relating to the upgrading of the road between Chissano and Chibuto (En 206) in Gaza Province, Moçambique  Findings of a survey of the fauna and flora on the farm "Dumblane" in the Newcastle district of Kwazulu-Natal – Client: Landowner

Specialist Ecologist Contributions

 Botanical assessment for the proposed new Eskom powerline through the Nkandla Forest Reserve – Client: Eskom  Botanical assessment for the proposed new Eskom powerline in the Sizamisemi area near the town of KwaDukuza, KwaZulu-Natal - Client: Eskom  Baseline Assessment of the Biodiversity at the site of the Old Durban Airport in relation to the development of a Dig-out Container Shipping Terminal at the Site. Conducted some surveys but also acted as leader of a team of specialists - Client: Portnet SOC

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 Assessment and Delineation of Riparian Zones and Floral Surveys in relation to the widening of the N2 freeway between the Mbilo and Mhlatuzana River Bridges - Client: Sanral  Assessment and Delineation of Riparian Zones and Floral Surveys in relation to the development of a Viaduct on the Key Ridge section of the N3 – Client: Sanral  Assessment of the Biodiversity along three possible new N11 routes around the town of Ladysmith – Client: AECOM  Assessment of wetlands and biodiversity at sites close to the Mhlali and Mvoti Rivers where re- alignment of the route is being planned – Client: Sanral  Assessment of wetlands and biodiversity along the routes of a new road and bridge over the Tugela River near Tugela Ferry – Client: Royal Haskoning DHV  Assessment of wetlands and associated biodiversity along the route of a water pipeline from Spioenkop Dam to Ladysmith – Client: WMN Consultancy  Assessment of wetlands at a coal mine near Kriel together with management recommendations – Client: uKhozi Environmental Consultancy  Assessment of wetlands at the site of a new road bridge across the Thukela River near Tugela Ferry - Client: Royal Haskoning DHV  Assessment of wetlands within the Simbithi Eco-Estate together with management guidelines and recommendations – Client: Simbithi Eco-Estate  Assessment of the biodiversity and wetlands along three potential Ladysmith by-pass road routes – Client: Sanral  Assessment of the wetland and river crossings along the route of a new bulk water pipeline near Ladysmith, together with management recommendations – Client: WMN Consultancy

Water Reserve Studies

 Ngagane River Catchment Water Reserve Determination Workshop: Fish  Ngagane River Catchment Water Reserve Determination Workshop: Aquatic Macroinvertebrates  Mkomazi River Instream Flow Requirement Study. River Importance

CONTINUED PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT Courses

2017 – SASS refresher training for renewal of accreditation as a SASS5 practitioner.

Awards

Published Papers

PERSONAL DETAILS Nationality – South African Date of Birth – 1948-04-10 Domicile – Pietermaritzburg, South Africa

Languages English – Very Good Afrikaans –Good Zulu - Poor

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CURRICULUM VITAE

AMANDA AUSTIN

Profession Aquatic Scientist

Position in Firm Senior Aquatic Scientist

Area of Specialisation Aquatic Sciences/Ecology/ Environmental BSc (Zoology and Chemistry), BSc Hons. Qualifications (Aquatic Health), MSc (Aquatic Health) Pr Sci Nat (Aquatic Sc) Years of Experience 11 Years

Years with Firm 1 Year

SUMMARY OF EXPERIENCE

Amanda Austin joined JG Afrika (Pty) Ltd in July 2016, as the Senior Aquatic Scientist, at the Johannesburg Division, South Africa. She was previously employed by Natural Scientific Services CC, an Environmental Consulting Company, also based in Johannesburg from August 2011 until June 2016. She is a professionally registered natural scientist in the field of aquatic science and holds a MSc degree in aquatic health from the University of Johannesburg. During her studies, she published two articles and presented her work at many colloquiums and conferences. She is an accredited SASS5 practitioner, since , and has her skippers certificate. She has gained experience in project management and fieldwork for numerous aquatic assessment projects throughout South Africa, Lesotho, Mozambique and Zambia. During these assessments, she determined the ecological health of the rivers with the Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) protocols i.e. South African Scoring System (SASS5), Index of Habitat Integrity (IHI), Invertebrate Habitat Assessment system (IHAS), Macro-Invertebrate Response Assessment Index (MIRAI), Fish Response Assessment Index (FRAI), Fish Health Assessment Index (HAI), Water Quality, Diatom and Sediment assessments. She assisted in the overall compilation of biodiversity, terrestrial and wetland reports, Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs), Environmental Management Plans (EMPs), Biodiversity Management & Action Plans (BMAPs) & Demarcation Permit Applications for Category 2 Alien Invasive Plants (AIPs) in accordance with NEM:BA (Act 10 of 2004) and CARA (Act 43 of 1983). She has worked hand in hand with the governmental departments i.e. Limpopo Economic Development Environmental and Tourism (LEDET), Mpumalanga Tourism and Parks Agency (MPTA), Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS) etc. Amanda has also been a part of teams that reduced their rates to facilitate three pro bono projects done by the Council of Science and Industrial Research (CSIR), two projects for Econ@UJ and Centre of Aquatic Research (CAR) as well as done pro bono work for LEDET.

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PROFESSIONAL REGISTRATIONS & INSTITUTE MEMBERSHIPS PrSciNat - Registered with the South African Council for Natural Scientific Professions (SACNASP). Registration No 400348/14: Aquatic Science SASAQS - Member of the South African Society of Aquatic Scientists since 2014 ZSSA - Member of the Zoological Society of Southern Africa since 2014 YWG - Member of Yellowfish Working Group since 2006 FOSAF - Member of the Federation of South African Flyfishers since 2006

EDUCATION 2005 - B.Sc. Natural & Environmental Sciences (Zoology & Chemistry), University of Johannesburg, South Africa. 2006 - B.Sc. (Hons) Aquatic Health, University of Johannesburg, South Africa 2008 - Certificate for Monitoring Contaminant Levels in Freshwater Fish – Extracurricular Short Course in Science, University of Johannesburg, South Africa 2009 - M.Sc. Aquatic Health, University of Johannesburg, South Africa

SPECIFIC EXPERIENCE JG Afrika (Pty) Ltd (Previously Jeffares & Green (Pty) Ltd)

2016 – Date Position – Senior Aquatic Scientist

Kusile Power Station Summer Aquatic and Wetland Assessment, Summer 2016 Survey for Eskom Enterprises, Mpumalanga, South Africa.

Aquatic Biomonitoring Survey and Toxicity Testing of selected sites associated with the Kumba Iron Ore mining activities for Anglo American in Thabazimbi, Limpopo, South Africa.

Fish Health and Bioaccumulation Assessment of the Crocodile River associated with the Kumba Iron Ore Activities for Anglo American in Thabazimbi, Limpopo, South Africa.

Kusile Power Station Aquatic and Wetland Assessment, Summary Report, 2014–2016 for Eskom Enterprises, Mpumalanga, South Africa.

Kusile Power Station Winter Aquatic and Wetland Assessment, Winter 2016 Survey for Eskom Enterprises, Mpumalanga, South Africa.

ERWAT 2016 Biomonitoring reports for the Drainage District 5 (DD5) Waste Water Treatment Works (WWTW) – Ancor, C. Grundling, Daveyton, H. Bickley, Heidelberg, Jan Smuts, JP Marais, Ratanda, Tsakane and Welgedacht WWTW, Gauteng, South Africa.

ERWAT 2016 Biomonitoring reports for the Drainage District 6 (DD6) Waste Water Treatment Works (WWTW) – Dekema, Rondebult, Vlakplaats and Waterval WWTW, Gauteng, South Africa.

Surface Water Quality Monitoring Reports for the Construction of the Wittekleibosch Gibson Bay 132 KV Powerline and Switching Stations, South Africa.

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Natural Scientific Services (NSS) CC 2011 – 2016 Position – Aquatic Scientist

2016

Ecological and Wetland Assessment of this Tsoeneng landfill site & the proposed Maseru transfer site area, Lesotho. (International project)

An Ecological and Aquatic Assessment for the site selection of a waste disposal facility for Medupi Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) at Medupi Power Station, Lephalale, Limpopo.

Fieldwork for the project: Ecological Scan & Aquatic Assessment for the proposed construction camp and construction associated with the raising of the Tzaneen Dam Wall, Limpopo Province, South Africa.

Aquatic input into Report: Biodiversity Management and Action Plan (BMAP) for Sibanye Gold, Goldfields, Gauteng.

Biodiversity, Wetland, Aquatic and Impact Assessment for the Open Cast Expansion of the Amandelbult Mine near Thabazimbi, Limpopo Province.

Desktop Review, Legislation and Aquatic Inputs for The Biodiversity Management Plan (BMAP) for South Deep Gold Mine, Gold Fields Limited, Gauteng.

Literature Review and Legislation section for the Project: Ecological Opinion/Scan for a Proposed development of a Pig production facility on Portion 18 of Portion 13 of the Farm Poortje 340-IQ, Poortje, Gauteng. The CS)R are undertaking the work pro bono as part of the Special Needs Skills and Development Programme. Reduced costs to facilitate in the pro bono project.

Literature Review and Legislation section for the Project: Ecological Opinion/Scan and Wetland Delineation for the Proposed Piggery Expansion on Plot 684 Winterveldt Agricultural Holdings in Winterveldt, Pretoria, Gauteng. The CSIR are undertaking the work pro bono as part of the Special Needs Skills and Development Programme. Reduced costs to facilitate the pro bono project.

Literature Review and Legislation section for the Project: Ecological Opinion/Scan for a Proposed Pig and Vegetable Production Facility, Bulfontein 107-JR, Rooiwal, Gauteng (Pacific Ora Projects (Pty) Ltd. The CS)R are undertaking the work pro bono as part of the Special Needs Skills and Development Programme. Reduced costs to facilitate the pro bono project.

Literature Review and Legislation section for the Project: Ecological Opinion for the proposed Mosotetsi (PTY) Diamond Mining Operation on Farm Kwaggaslaagte 121-1 near Ventersdorp (North-West). The CSIR are undertaking the work pro bono as part of the Special Needs Skills and Development Programme. Reduced costs to facilitate in the pro bono project.

Literature Review and Legislation section for the Project: Ecological Input for the Vlakfontein Mining Operations, Mpumalanga.

2015

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Aquatic input into Report: Biodiversity Management and Action Plan (BMAP) for Kloof Gold Mine, Gauteng, South Africa.

Baseline Biodiversity, Aquatic, Wetland and Impact Identification Report for Aggregate and Silica Mine, Heilbron, Free State, South Africa.

High Flow Aquatic Assessment for the proposed upgrading of International Roads in Moretele/Kekane Gardens, Limpopo

Klipfontein Section Expansion: Biodiversity, Aquatic and Impact Assessment Report of for South32 SA Coal Holdings (Pty) Limited, Middleburg, Mpumalanga.

Desktop Aquatic and Wetland Assessment – Status Quo for Barnard Dam, Mpumalanga.

Aquatic Input into Report: Biodiversity Assessments for the six mines Boshoek, Kroondal, Horizon, Rietvly, Waterval and Wonderkop, Rustenburg, Glencore Alloys (Pty) Ltd Western Mines, North West.

Aquatic Input into Report: Horizon Biodiversity Assessment, Rustenburg, Glencore Alloys (Pty) Ltd Western Mines, North West.

Risk Assessment and demarcation permit application in accordance with NEM:BA (Act 10, 2004) for Category 2 Invasive Alien Plants (IAPs) for South Deep Gold Mine, Gauteng.

Risk Assessment and demarcation permit application in accordance with NEM:BA (Act 10, 2004) for Category 2 AIPs at the Kloof Operations, Sibanye Gold, Gauteng.

Demarcation Permit Application in accordance with CARA (Act 43 of 1983) for Category 2 IAPs at Kloof Operations, Sibanye Gold, Gauteng.

Risk Assessment and demarcation permit application in accordance with NEM:BA (Act 10,2004) Category 2 AIPs for Driefontein Operations, Sibanye Gold, Gauteng.

Demarcation Permit Application in accordance with CARA (Act 43 of 1983) for Category 2 IAPs at Driefontein Operations, Sibanye Gold, Gauteng.

2014

A Baseline Biodiversity, Aquatic & Impact Assessment for Open Cast Mining of Block Z at AATCs Isibonelo Colliery, Mpumalanga, South Africa

Aquatic and Wetland Assessment for a Proposed Development and Road Upgrade, Geluksdal, Southern Gauteng, South Africa.

Aquatic High Flow Assessment for Stone Rivers Arch, Johannesburg, Gauteng.

Aquatic Input into report: Biodiversity Baseline Assessment Report for Kloof Gold Mine, Gauteng.

Biodiversity Baseline and Impact Assessment Report for Hoogland Mining Project, Mpumalanga, South Africa.

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Biodiversity Baseline Assessment Report for the proposed T-Project Colliery – South Shaft Expansion Project, Mpumalanga.

Ecological Scan, Aquatic and Wetland Assessment – Tuschenkomst Pit Extension, Road Diversion and Biodiversity Assessment for the Proposed Sedibelo Platinum Mining Operation, Pilansberg, North West Province.

Aquatic and Wetland Assessment for Delmas Coal, Mpumalanga.

2013

Baseline Biodiversity Statement, Wetland and Aquatic Assessment, Kwagga Mining Pits, Water Use Licence Application (WULA), Optimum Colliery, Mpumalanga.

Assessment of the Eikeboom Pan Water Quality after a recent Fish Kill Incident, Eikeboom Colliery, Mpumalanga.

Woest-Alleenspruit Toxicity Test Report, Optimum Colliery, Mpumalanga.

Low and High Flow Aquatic Biomonitoring for Kromdraai and Sterkwater Mines, Mpumalanga.

Wetland and Water Quality Assessment for South Deep Gold Mine, Gold Fields, Gauteng.

Biodiversity, Aquatic and Wetland Baseline Assessment for Boschmanspoort Underground Coal Mine, Jones & Wagener Engineering and Environmental Consultants, Mpumalanga.

Biodiversity Status Quo of Four Coal of Africa Mines near Middleburg, Mpumalanga – Klipbank, Kromdraai, Sterkwater and Lemoenfontein.

2012-2013

Aquatic Ecological Assessment: Re-processing of the Waterval East and West Tailing Storage Facility and Waterval Retrofit E Feed Project, Anglo American Platinum Limited, North West Province, South Africa.

Mooiplaats Colliery – Baseline High and Low Flow Aquatic Biomonitoring, Mpumalanga, South Africa.

Terrestrial Biodiversity and Aquatic Assessment for the Development of the KI Power Plant and Ash Disposal Facility, Delmas, Mpumalanga.

Biodiversity, Aquatic and Wetland Baseline and Impact Assessment Report for ATHA Yzermyn Coal Project, Mpumalanga, South Africa.

2012

Low and High Flow Aquatic Biomonitoring for Vanggatfontein Coal Mine, Mpumalanga, South Africa.

Investigation into the cause of the Fish Kills in the Boshmanskop Dam at Optimum Colliery, Mpumalanga, South Africa.

2011-2016

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Low and High Flow Aquatic Biomonitoring Assessments for Optimum Colliery, Mpumalanga (Ongoing Biomonitoring Project).

2011-2013

CBI Electric: Aquatic Monitoring at Six Watercourse Crossings in the Edenvale and Modderfontein Area for the Construction of Underground Cables, Gauteng, South Africa.

2011-2012

Aquatic Ecological Baseline Assessment for Muchinga Hydropower Project, Zambia. (International Project).

2011-2012

The Wetland and Onshore Aquatic Ecological Status of Watercourses in the vicinity of the proposed Liquefied Natural Gas Facilities and Supporting Infrastructure, Cabo Delgado Province, Mozambique. (International Project).

Excelsior Learning Centre / Achievers

2010 – 2011 Position – Teacher

Teaching Cambridge International (A and O levels) for the subjects Afrikaans, Biology, Business Studies, Chemistry, Mathematics, Physics, Travel and Tourism.

Tutoring extra lessons for the subjects Afrikaans, Biology, Chemistry and Mathematics.

Limpopo Department of Economic Development, Environmental & Tourism LEDET Pro Bono 2010 Position – Research Assistant

Research Assistant for LEDET on the Project: Determining the ecological health of the Nyl and Magalakwena rivers in Limpopo, South Africa with the DWS indices

Warmbad Grassnyerdienste

2009 – 2010 Position – Secretary & General Administration

Econ@UJ & Centre of Aquatic Research (CAR) 2009 Position – Research Assistant

Monitoring contaminations levels in freshwater fish with the Fish Health Assessment Index (FHI) in the Vaal River, Mpumalanga, South Africa.

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University of Johannesburg and the Water Research Commission 2006 – 2009 Position – Researcher

Field work, laboratory analysis and writing of report/dissertation for the project:  Aspects of the morphology, parasite host specificity and genetics of selected Labeobarbus polylepis populations. The major rivers )ve worked on during this project include the Assegaai, Elands, Komati, Pongolo rivers as well as Ngodwana Dam in Mpumalanga, South Africa.

University of Johannesburg 2005 – 2008 Position – Research Assistant

Provided laboratory assistance for the M.Sc. dissertation: The characterisation of an intracellular protozoan parasite infecting the digestive gland of abalone, Haliotis midae.

Field assistant for the PhD thesis: Aspects of the Anatomy of the Digestive Systems and of the Brain of selected species of the Branchiura (Crustacea).

Field assistant for the M.Sc. dissertation: Aspects of the biology of the Bushveld Smallscale Yellowfish (Labeobarbus polylepis): Feeding biology and metal bioaccumulation in five populations.

Laboratory assistant/demonstrator for Zoology and Physiology undergraduate students.

Researcher for the honours project: Morphological differences between Smallscale Yellowfish, Labeobarbus polylepis (Boulenger, 1907) populations from the Elands and Komati rivers, Mpumalanga

CONTINUED PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT Courses 2015 - SASS5 Accredited Practitioner, Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS). 2014 - First Aid Course – Level 2, WILCARE Safety Solutions (Pty) Ltd. 2013 - First Aid Course for Spider Bites and Scorpion Stings, Awarded by Jonathan Leeming Author of Scorpions of Southern Africa in association with Health Professional Council of South Africa (HPCSA), International Society of Zoological Services (ÌSZS) and NOSA. 2012 - SASS5 Accredited Practitioner, Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS). 2011 - First Aid Course – Level 1, Pulse Point CC. 2009 - Skipper’s licence Category R, Obtained from South African Maritime Safety Authority (SAMSA). Skipper of a power driven vessel limited to operating within a port, fishing harbour, tidal river, lagoon, estuaries and all inland waters within South Africa. 2005 - Advance 4x4 Driving Skills Course, RSG 4x4 Expeditions. 2005 - Intermediate Boat Handling Course, University of Johannesburg (UJ).

Published Papers 2009 - AUSTIN, A. & AVENANT-OLDEWAGE, A. 2009. Ecological parameters of Lamproglena hoi (Copepoda: Lernaeidae) infection on the Bushveld smallscale yellowfish, Labeobarbus polylepis (Boulenger, 1907). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 76:227–234.

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2009 - OOSTHUIZEN, C., AUSTIN, A., OBR)EN, G. & BLOOMER, P. 9. Genetic and morphological differences between five populations of the Bushveld smallscale yellowfish, Labeobarbus polylepis in South Africa. )n: OBR)EN, G. ed. 9. Aspects of the ecology and population management of the Bushveld Smallscale Yellowfish (Labeobarbus polylepis). Research Report to the Water Research Commission. WRC Report No. KV. 225/09. ISBN 978-1-77005-857-6.

2009 - AUSTIN, A. & AVENANT-OLDEWAGE, A. 2009. Ecological parameters of an unidentified Diplozoon sp. on the bushveld smallscale yellowfish, Labeobarbus polylepis (Boulenger, 1907). Poster presented at 37th Annual Congress of the Parasitological Society of Southern Africa (PARSA), 7–9 Ocotober 2008, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria. Abstract published in Journal of South African Veterinary Association / Tydskrif van die Suid-Afrikaanse Veterinere Vereniging, 80(2):126–140.

2007 - AUSTIN, A. & AVENANT-OLDEWAGE, A. 2007. Ecological parameters of Lamproglena hoi Dippenaar et al., 2001 (Copepoda: Lernaeidae) infection on the Bushveld Smallscale Yellowfish, Labeobarbus polylepis (Boulenger, 1907). 35th Annual Congress of the Parasitological Society of Southern Africa (PARSA), 24–26 September 2006, Ministry of Mines and Energy, Winddoek, Namibia. Abstract published in Journal of South African Veterinary Association / Tydskrif van die Suid-Afrikaanse Veterinere Vereniging, 78(2):99–113.

Conference and Colloquium Contributions

2009 - AUSTIN, A. & AVENANT-OLDEWAGE, A. 9. )n Afrikaans. Ekologiese parameters van n ongeïdentifiseerde Diplozoon sp. op die Bosveld kleinskub geelvis, Labeobarbus polylepis (Boulenger, 1907). Plakaat vertoon by die Kongres vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns. Oktober 2008, Universiteit van Pretoria, Suid Afrika. Opsomming gepubliseer in Journal of South African Veterinary Association / Tydskrif van die Suid-Afrikaanse Vertenary Research, 80(2):126–140.

- OBR)EN, G., AUSTIN, A., HUSTED, A., WEPENER, V., OOSTUIZEN, C. & BLOOMER, P. 2009. Bushveld smallscale yellowfish (Labeobarbus polylepis): Aspects of the ecology and population management. Presented by Gordon OBrien at Proceedings of the th Yellowfish Working Group Conference, 6–8 March 2009, Sterkfontein Dam, Harrismith, South Africa.

2008 - Austin, A. 2008. Aspects of the genetics, morphology and parasite host specificity of the Bushveld Smallscale Yellowfish, Labeobarbus polylepis. Post Graduate Zoology Colloquium, School of Tourism and Hospitality, 30 October 2008. University of Johannesburg.

2007 - AUSTIN, A. 2007. Aspects of the genetics, morphology and parasite host specificity of the Bushveld Smallscale yellowfish, Labeobarbus polylepis (Boulenger, 1907). Presented at Proceedings of the 11th Yellowfish Working Group Conference, 13–15 April 2007, Elgro River Lodge, Potchefstroom, South Africa.

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AUSTIN, A. & AVENANT-OLDEWAGE, A. 2007. Ecological parameters of Lamproglena hoi Dippenaar et al., 2001 (Copepoda: Lernaeidae) infection on the Bushveld Smallscale Yellowfish, Labeobarbus polylepis (Boulenger, 1907). 35th Annual Congress of the Parasitological Society of Southern Africa (PARSA), 24–26 September 2006, Ministry of Mines and Energy, Winddoek, Namibia. Abstract published in Journal of South African Veterinary Association / Tydskrif van die Suid-Afrikaanse Veternary Research, 78(2):99–113.

AUSTIN, A. & AVENANT-OLDEWAGE, A. 2007. (In Afrikaans) Ekologiese parameters van Lamproglena hoi (Copepoda: Lernaeidae) infeksie op die Bosveld kleinskub geelvis, Labeobarbus polylepis (Boulenger, 1907). Plakkaat vertoon by die Kongres vir die Suid-Afrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns, 8 September 2006, Universiteit van die Vrystaat, Bloemfontein, Suid Afrika. Opsomming gepubliseer in Journal of South African Veterinary Association / Tydskrif van die Suid-Afrikaanse Veterinere Vereniging, 78(2):99–113.

2006 - AUSTIN, A. 2006. Aspects of the genetics, morphology and parasite host specificity of the Bushveld Smallscale Yellowfish, Labeobarbus polylepis. Post Graduate Zoology Colloquium, 29 May 2006. Department of Zoology, D Les 104. University of Johannesburg.

2006 - AUSTIN, A. 2006. Aspects of the genetics, morphology and parasite host specificity of the Bushveld Smallscale yellowfish, Labeobarbus polylepis. Presented at Proceedings of the 10th Yellowfish Working Group Conference, 7–9 April 2006, Sterkfontein Dam, Harrismith, South Africa

2005 - AUSTIN, A. 2005. Morphological differences between Smallscale yellowfish, Labeobarbus polylepis (Boulenger, 1907) populations from the Elands and Komati Rivers, Mpumalanga. Zoology Colloquium, Department of Zoology, Honours Projects, 22 July 2005. D3 Lab 240. University of Johannesburg.

PERSONAL DETAILS Nationality – South African Date of Birth – 1982-09-18 Domicile – Johannesburg, South Africa

Languages English – Very Good Afrikaans – Excellent Tswana - Basic

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APPENDIX 3 – SPECIALIST DECLARATION

4496/MVR/mvr 120 | P a g e Declaration of Independence

I, Magnus van Rooyen of JG Afrika (Pty) Ltd, declare that – General declaration: • I act as the independent Biodiversity Specialist in this application; • I will perform the work relating to the application in an objective manner, even if this results in views and findings that are not favourable to the applicant; • I declare that there are no circumstances that may compromise my objectivity in performing such work; • I have expertise in conducting Biodiversity and Ecological impact assessments, including knowledge of the Act, Regulations and any guidelines that have relevance to the proposed activity; • I will comply with the Act, Regulations and all other applicable legislation; • I will take into account, to the extent possible, the matters listed in Appendix 6 of the NEMA: EIA Regulations (2014) as amended, when preparing the application and any report relating to the application; • I have no, and will not engage in, conflicting interests in the undertaking of the activity; • I undertake to disclose to the applicant and the competent authority all material information in my possession that reasonably has or may have the potential of influencing - any decision to be taken with respect to the application by the competent authority; and - the objectivity of any report, plan or document to be prepared by myself for submission to the competent authority; • I will ensure that information containing all relevant facts in respect of the application is distributed or made available to interested and affected parties and the public and that participation by interested and affected parties is facilitated in such a manner that all interested and affected parties will be provided with a reasonable opportunity to participate and to provide comments on documents that are produced to support the application; • I will provide the competent authority with access to all information at my disposal regarding the application, whether such information is favourable to the applicant or not • All the particulars furnished by me in this form are true and correct; • I will perform all other obligations as expected from a Biodiversity Specialist in terms of the Act and the constitutions of my affiliated professional bodies; and • I realise that a false declaration is an offence in terms of regulation 71 of the Regulations and is punishable in terms of section 24F of the NEMA.

Disclosure of Vested Interest (delete whichever is not applicable)

• I do not have and will not have any vested interest (either business, financial, personal or other) in the proposed activity proceeding other than remuneration for work performed in terms of the Regulations;

SPECIALISATION CONSULTANT: JG Afrika (Pty) Ltd CONTACT PERSON: Magnus van Rooyen Tel: 033 343 6789 Email: [email protected]

SIGNATURE: