RESEARCH Dietary intake of total, animal, and plant proteins and risk of all BMJ: first published as 10.1136/bmj.m2412 on 22 July 2020. Downloaded from cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies Sina Naghshi,1,2 Omid Sadeghi,3 Walter C Willett,4,5 Ahmad Esmaillzadeh6,7,8 For numbered affiliations see ABSTRACT size 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.89 to 0.99, end of the article. OBJECTIVE I2=58.4%, P<0.001). Intake of plant protein was Correspondence to: To examine and quantify the potential dose-response significantly associated with a lower risk of all cause A Esmaillzadeh
[email protected] relation between intake of total, animal, and plant mortality (pooled effect size 0.92, 95% confidence 2 (ORCID 0000-0002-8735-6047) protein and the risk of mortality from all causes, interval 0.87 to 0.97, I =57.5%, P=0.003) and Additional material is published cardiovascular disease, and cancer. cardiovascular disease mortality (pooled hazard online only. To view please visit DESIGN ratio 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.80 to 0.96, the journal online. 2 Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective I =63.7%, P=0.001), but not with cancer mortality. C ite this as: BMJ2020;370:m2412 cohort studies. Intake of total and animal protein was not significantly http://dx.doi.org/10.1136 bmj.m2412 associated with risk of cardiovascular disease and DATA SOURCES Accepted: 20 May 2020 cancer mortality. A dose-response analysis showed PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science until a significant inverse dose-response association December 2019, and references of retrieved relevant between intake of plant protein and all cause articles.