2001 Survey of Energy Resources
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Oil Shale in Jordan 1 2.1
MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES Mineral Status and Future Opportunity OIL SHALE Prepared By Dr Jamal Alali Geo. Abdelfattah Abu Salah Dr. Suha M. Yasin Geo. Wasfi Al Omari Edited By Geo. Julia Sahawneh Geo. Marwan Madanat 2014 Oil Shale Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, 2014 CONTENTS List of Contents I List of Figures II List of Tables II 1. Introduction 1 2. Geology of Oil Shale in Jordan 1 2.1. Origin and Definition 1 2.2. Mineralogy and Chemistry of Oil Shale 2 2.3. Uses and Industrial Applications of Oil Shale 3 3. Oil Shale Deposits 3 3.1. El-Lajjun Deposit 4 3.2. Sultani Oil Shale Deposit 6 3.3. Attarat Umm Ghudran Oil Shale Deposit 8 3.4. Wadi Maghar Oil Shale Deposit 9 3.5. Khan Az Zabib Deposit 10 3.6. Jurf Ed Darawish Deposit 11 3.7. Siwaqa Deposit 11 3.8. El Hasa Deposit 12 3.9. Eth Thamad/ Madaba Area 4. Summary of Previous Technical Activities 12 5. Mining Aspects 14 5.1. Overburden 14 5.2. Ore Body of the Oil Shale 14 5.3. Reserves 14 5.4. Mining Method 15 6. Oil shale Technologies and Exploitation Worldwide 17 6.1. Crude Oil Production 17 6.2. Power Generation 18 7. Investment Opportunities and Outlook 19 7.1. Crude Oil Production 20 7.2. Direct Combustion 20 8. References 23 I Oil Shale Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, 2014 List of Figures Figure (1): Location map of the major oil shale deposits. 5 Figure (2): Oil Shale outcrop in El-Lajjun deposit. -
Oil Shale and Tar Sands
Fundamentals of Materials for Energy and Environmental Sustainability Editors David S. Ginley and David Cahen Oil shale and tar sands James W. Bunger 11 JWBA, Inc., Energy Technology and Engineering, Salt Lake City, UT, USA 11.1 Focus 11.2 Synopsis Tar sands and oil shale are “uncon- Oil shale and tar sands occur in dozens of countries around the world. With in-place ventional” oil resources. Unconven- resources totaling at least 4 trillion barrels (bbl), they exceed the world's remaining tional oil resources are characterized petroleum reserves, which are probably less than 2 trillion bbl. As petroleum becomes by their solid, or near-solid, state harder to produce, oil shale and tar sands are finding economic and thermodynamic under reservoir conditions, which parity with petroleum. Thermodynamic parity, e.g., similarity in the energy cost requires new, and sometimes of producing energy, is a key indicator of economic competitiveness. unproven, technology for their Oil is being produced on a large commercial scale by Canada from tar sands, recovery. For tar sands the hydrocar- and to a lesser extent by Venezuela. The USA now imports well over 2 million barrels bon is a highly viscous bitumen; for of oil per day from Canada, the majority of which is produced from tar sands. oil shale, it is a solid hydrocarbon Production of oil from oil shale is occurring in Estonia, China, and Brazil albeit on called “kerogen.” Unconventional smaller scales. Importantly, the USA is the largest holder of oil-shale resources. oil resources are found in greater For that reason alone, and because of the growing need for imports in the USA, quantities than conventional petrol- oil shale will receive greater development attention as petroleum supplies dwindle. -
Belait District
BELAIT DISTRICT His Majesty Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu’izzaddin Waddaulah ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Haji Omar ‘Ali Saifuddien Sa’adul Khairi Waddien Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam ..................................................................................... Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu’izzaddin Waddaulah ibni Al-Marhum Sultan Haji Omar ‘Ali Saifuddien Sa’adul Khairi Waddien Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan Negara Brunei Darussalam BELAIT DISTRICT Published by English News Division Information Department Prime Minister’s Office Brunei Darussalam BB3510 The contents, generally, are based on information available in Brunei Darussalam Newsletter and Brunei Today First Edition 1988 Second Edition 2011 Editoriol Advisory Board/Sidang Redaksi Dr. Haji Muhammad Hadi bin Muhammad Melayong (hadi.melayong@ information.gov.bn) Hajah Noorashidah binti Haji Aliomar ([email protected]) Editor/Penyunting Sastra Sarini Haji Julaini ([email protected]) Sub Editor/Penolong Penyunting Hajah Noorhijrah Haji Idris (noorhijrah.idris @information.gov.bn) Text & Translation/Teks & Terjemahan Hajah Apsah Haji Sahdan ([email protected]) Layout/Reka Letak Hajah Apsah Haji Sahdan Proof reader/Penyemak Hajah Norpisah Md. Salleh ([email protected]) Map of Brunei/Peta Brunei Haji Roslan bin Haji Md. Daud ([email protected]) Photos/Foto Photography & Audio Visual Division of Information Department / Bahagian Fotografi -
Organic-Rich Shale of the United States and World Land Areas Organic-Rich Shale of the United States and World Land Areas
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 523 Organic-Rich Shale of the United States and World Land Areas Organic-Rich Shale of the United States and World Land Areas By Donald C. Duncan and Vernon E. Swanson Geological Survey Circular 523 Washington 7965 United States Department of the Interior STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary Geological Survey William T. Pecora, Director REPRINTED 1966 Free on application to the U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. 20242 CONTENTS Page Page Abstract----- _ ____________ _ ____ 1 Shale oil resources Continued Introduction- ______________ _ _____ 1 North America Continued Acknowledgments __ ____________ _ 2 United States Continued Previous summaries______________ 2 Shale associated with coal ______ 14 Definitions _______________________ 2 Other shale deposits _ ______ 15 Organic -rich shale _____________ 2 Total shale oil resources.---- 16 Oil shale __ ____ __ ___ __ 3 Other areas in North America ____ 16 Other terms ___________________ 3 Africa-___--__-_-_----_--_----_--- 17 Types of deposits_________________ 4 Total shale oil resources of Potential energy, oil, or gas yield of Africa _______________________ 17 the organic matter in shale ______ 4 Asia _________ _ _____ ___ 19 Status of the shale industry ________ 5 China __________________ _ 19 World production _______________ 5 Israel, Jordan, and Syria _________ 19 Byproducts ____________________ 5 Siberia _________________________ 20 Activities in the United States ____ 5 Thailand and Burma-_____________ 20 Classification of resources ________ 5 Turkey ________ _____ -
HISTORY of WESTERN OIL SHALE HISTORY of WESTERN OIL SHALE
/ _... i';C4 - SHELF , Historyof Western Oil Shale Paul L. Russell . " The Center for Professional Advancement Paul Russell received his degree from the University of Arizona. After working for Industry for five years, he began his involvement with oil shale in 1948 when he joined the U.S. Bureau of Mines and was assigned to Rifle, Colorado, to work at Anvil Points. During the middle fifties, he was assigned to the Atomic Energy Com mission to study the extraction of ura nium from the Chattanooga Shales in Tennessee. He became Research Director of the U.S. Bureau ofMines in 1967 and served in this capacity until he retired in 1979. During these years his involvement with oil shale intensified. Currently, he is an engineering consultant. ISBN: 0-86563-000-3 ,._-------_._.. V.D.ALLRED 6016 SOUTH BANNOCK LI7TLETON. COLO. 80120 ....~ ...........~..... This compelling history spans 65 years of western oil shale development from its begin ning to the present day. These were the years in which most of the present-day retorting pro cesses were invented and devel oped,leading to present studies of in-situ retorting, and to the resumption of leasing of fed eral oil shale lands. The many excellent illustra tions and contemporary photo graphs in themselves provide a pictorial record of an era when the United States was "wild over oil"-an era when Gov ernment estimates of billions of barrels of oil in western oil shales were used to advan tage for questionable-if not fraudulent-stock promotions designed to raise capital for development, or to fatten the promoters' pockets. -
Secure Fuels from Domestic Resources ______Profiles of Companies Engaged in Domestic Oil Shale and Tar Sands Resource and Technology Development
5th Edition Secure Fuels from Domestic Resources ______________________________________________________________________________ Profiles of Companies Engaged in Domestic Oil Shale and Tar Sands Resource and Technology Development Prepared by INTEK, Inc. For the U.S. Department of Energy • Office of Petroleum Reserves Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves Fifth Edition: September 2011 Note to Readers Regarding the Revised Edition (September 2011) This report was originally prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy in June 2007. The report and its contents have since been revised and updated to reflect changes and progress that have occurred in the domestic oil shale and tar sands industries since the first release and to include profiles of additional companies engaged in oil shale and tar sands resource and technology development. Each of the companies profiled in the original report has been extended the opportunity to update its profile to reflect progress, current activities and future plans. Acknowledgements This report was prepared by INTEK, Inc. for the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Petroleum Reserves, Naval Petroleum and Oil Shale Reserves (DOE/NPOSR) as a part of the AOC Petroleum Support Services, LLC (AOC- PSS) Contract Number DE-FE0000175 (Task 30). Mr. Khosrow Biglarbigi of INTEK, Inc. served as the Project Manager. AOC-PSS and INTEK, Inc. wish to acknowledge the efforts of representatives of the companies that provided information, drafted revised or reviewed company profiles, or addressed technical issues associated with their companies, technologies, and project efforts. Special recognition is also due to those who directly performed the work on this report. Mr. Peter M. Crawford, Director at INTEK, Inc., served as the principal author of the report. -
Geothermal Development in Hungary Country Update Report 2000–2002
GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT IN HUNGARY COUNTRY UPDATE REPORT 2000–2002 Miklós Árpási Hungarian Geothermal Association Lupény u. 3/B. H-1026, Budapest, Hungary ABSTRACT Information is provided on the status of the geothermal energy utilization – direct use – in Hungary with emphasis on developments between 2000–2002. Level of utilization of geothermal energy in the World has been increased in this period. Geothermal energy was the leading producer with 70% of the total electricity production of the renewables energy sources (wind. solar, geothermal and tidal) followed by wind energy with 28% of the electricity production. The current cost in USD¢/kWh of direct heat use from biomass is 1–5, geothermal 0,5–5 and solar heating 3–20. The parameters of direct use in Hungary were decreased in this period and the proportion of geothermal energy utilization in the energy balance of Hungary, despite the significance proven dynamic reserves (with reinjection) of 380 Mm3/a with heat content of 63,5 PJ/a at ∆T = 40 oC is remained very low (0,25%). The utilization of the geothermal energy only for direct use, despite of the possibility of production of geothermal fluids with surface temperature higher than 100oC, no electricity has been generated. Geothermal energy utilization for direct use is estimated to 324,5 MWt of geothermal capacity and to currently supply 2804 TJ/a of utilized heat energy through direct application in Hungary, by December 31, 2002. Geothermal heat pumps represent about 4,0 MWt of installed capacity. The quantity of produced thermal water for direct use in year 2002 was approximately 15.0 million cu.m. -
Analyzing of Formation Evaluation of the Unconventional Upper-Safa Formation, Western Desert, Egypt
Petroleum & Petrochemical Engineering Journal ISSN: 2578-4846 Analyzing of Formation Evaluation of the Unconventional Upper-Safa Formation, Western Desert, Egypt Fathy Omran MA1,2,* and Hassane T2 Research Article 1Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway Volume 2 Issue 7 Received Date: September 14, 2018 2The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt Published Date: November 05, 2018 *Corresponding author: Mohamed Ahmed Fathy Omran, Norwegian University of DOI: 10.23880/ppej-16000175 Science and Technology, Norway, Tel: +4746217833; Email: [email protected]. Abstract Unconventional reservoirs can add huge amounts of additional energy to our world resources bases like organic shale in terms of Shale gas, shale oil, tight gas and coal-bed methane. These reservoirs can transform the world global energy market through advances in reservoir characterization, drilling, and completion technologies. Reservoir characterization and properties have great influences on the exploration and development processes, it is not through a single discipline that can provide a fulfill description of the reservoir characteristics especially for unconventional reservoirs. Moreover, unconventional sources can be defined by their difference of intrinsic of their geological sittings, origins, and tapping mechanisms, thus having different methodologies for exploration, production, and development methods. Therefore, it is very important to well express and identify the necessary parameters for unconventional characterization of these reservoirs for defining reservoir rock and fluid properties in terms of total organic carbon content, gas adsorption, level of maturity, grains surface roughness, original fluids in place, and etc. Hence there are many developed correlations and methods to get these parameters that can define each one of them, but most of them are not correlated with each other. -
U.S. Fossil Fuel Resources: Terminology, Reporting, and Summary
U.S. Fossil Fuel Resources: Terminology, Reporting, and Summary Carl E. Behrens Specialist in Energy Policy Michael Ratner Specialist in Energy Policy Carol Glover Information Research Specialist December 28, 2011 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R40872 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress U.S. Fossil Fuel Resources: Terminology, Reporting, and Summary Summary Discussions of U.S. and global energy supply refer to oil, natural gas, and coal using several terms that may be unfamiliar to some. The terms used to describe different types of fossil fuels have technically precise definitions, and misunderstanding or misuse of these terms may lead to errors and confusion in estimating energy available or making comparisons among fuels, regions, or nations. Fossil fuels are categorized, classified, and named using a number of variables. Naturally occurring deposits of any material, whether it is fossil fuels, gold, or timber, comprise a broad spectrum of concentration, quality, and accessibility (geologic, technical, and cultural). Terminology is adopted to reflect those characteristics. For oil and natural gas, a major distinction in measuring quantities of energy commodities is made between proved reserves and undiscovered resources. Proved reserves are those amounts of oil, natural gas, or coal that have been discovered and defined, typically by drilling wells or other exploratory measures, and which can be economically recovered. In the United States, proved reserves are typically measured by private companies, who report their findings to the Energy Information Administration, and also to the Securities and Exchange Commission because they are considered capital assets. In addition to the volumes of proved reserves are deposits of oil and gas that have not yet been discovered, which are called undiscovered resources. -
Alternative and Sustainable Energy Scenarios for Hungary
Summary Report | Wuppertal, June 2016 Alternative and Sustainable Energy Scenarios for Hungary for Greens / EFA Group – European Parliament Authors Wuppertal Institute: Prof. Dr. Stefan Lechtenböhmer Magdolna Prantner Clemens Schneider Authors Energiaklub: Orsolya Fülöp Fanni Sáfián With support from: Dr. Karin Arnold Benjamin Best Mathis Buddeke Frank Merten Willington Ortiz Ole Soukup Alternative and Sustainable Energy Scenarios for Hungary June 2016 Table of contents Table of contents 2 1 Introduction 3 2 Modelling of future energy systems 5 2.1 WISEE energy system simulation model 5 2.2 EnergyPLAN 7 3 Scenarios 8 3.1 Assumptions of the NUCLEAR scenario 8 3.2 Assumptions of the Green scenario 8 3.3 Assumptions of the INTER scenarios 9 4 Available technical RES potentials until 2050 10 4.1 Wind 11 4.2 Solar photovoltaic 11 4.3 Biomass 12 5 Comparison of the scenarios 13 5.1 Power generation 13 5.2 Energy efficiency 15 5.3 Renewable energy 16 5.3.1 Shares in TPES and electricity generation 17 5.3.2 Electricity export – import balance 18 5.4 Energy related CO2 emissions 21 5.5 Cost effects of the electricity production in various scenarios 22 5.6 Final energy demand 24 6 Policy recommendations 27 7 References 29 2 | Wuppertal Institut & Energiaklub Summary Report Error! Use the Home tab to apply Überschrift 1 to the text that you want to appear here. 1 Introduction On December 12th 2015, 195 nations reached the Paris Agreement at COP 21, aiming to combat climate change. A key element of the agreement is the long-term goal of limit- ing global warming to “well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels”. -
KNK 2015.Pdf
KNKNegara Brunei Darussalam OMPILASI KRENCANA KNK 2015 Terbitan: Unit Penerbitan Melayu Bahagian Penerbitan dan Seni Grafik Jabatan Penerangan Jabatan Perdana Menteri Negara Brunei Darussalam Cetakan Pertama 2018 Penyelaras: Hajah Rosidah binti Haji Ismail Taip Set/Kompilasi/Susunan: Zawiyatun Ni’mah binti Mohamad Akir Muhammad Fawzan bin Abu Kasim Muhammad Nazih bin Haji Zaini Reka Letak/Kulit luar: Syahi bin Haji Ludin Penyemak: Ramlah binti Md.Nor Norhafilah binti Rosli Nurafizah@Nurul Shadah Samat 1 2 J a sabtu, 10 januari 2015 n Menyusur Kampung u Sungai Teraban a Rencana dan foto: r Dk. Hajah Saidah Pg. Haji Omaralli i 3 JALAN menuju ke Kampung dan Masjid Sungai Teraban, antara kemudahan yang disediakan oleh kerajaan. PROGRAM Sua Muka Jabatan Penerangan telah menyelusur ke Kampung Sungai Teraban yang terletak dalam Mukim Kuala Belait. Jarak dari Pekan Belait ke Kampung Sungai Teraban lebih kurang 15 kilometer. Rombongan pegawai dari Jabatan Penerangan, Jabatan Perdana Menteri Cawangan Daerah Belait yang diketuai oleh Pemangku Ketua Penerangan Belait, Awang Eddy Iswandy bin Haji Ismail tiba di rumah Ketua Kampung Sungai Teraban, Awang Mohd. Mersidi bin Haji Mohd Shara yang siap menanti dan mengalu-alukan rombongan dengan mesra. Kampung Sungai Teraban terletak di Tebing Barat Muara Sungai Belait. Kampung ini bersempadan Laut China Selatan sebelah Utara, Sungai Belait ke Timur, Rasau ke Selatan dengan kampung-kampung di Kampung Sungai Tiga dan sempadan Malaysia di Sungai Tujoh sebelah Barat. 4 LATAR BELAKANG Kampung Sungai Teraban pada mulanya dikenali sebagai ‘Kampung Seberang’ dan penduduk asli yang tinggal di situ merupakan Puak Melayu Belait yang kebanyakan nelayan. Menurut ketua kampung, nama kampung berasal dari bahasa Puak Belait ‘Terabin’ bermaksud tempat berehat dan perhentian menunggu kapal, perahu atau bot kerana Pusat Pentadbiran Kuala Belait pada zaman dahulu letaknya di Kuala Balai dan orang pertama yang datang ke kampung tersebut berasal dari Melanau, Sarawak dan juga Puak Belait yang membuka kampung berkenaan. -
Cejoc Spring 2018.Indd
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Surpassing the era of disengaged acceptance: The future of public discourse on nuclear energy Gabor Sarlos RMIT UNIVERSITY, VIETNAM Gabor Sarlos, Mariann Fekete UNIVERSITY OF SZEGED, HUNGARY DOI: 10.19195/1899-5101.11.1(20).5 ABSTRACT: Both the United Kingdom and Hungary run ambitious nuclear power plans to keep nuclear power as an important element of their energy mixes. Th e objective of the analysis is to identify if there is the intent and the possibility for a diff erent form of public engagement in shaping the nuclear future. Th e study builds on the comparative analysis of the cases of Hungary and the United Kingdom. Th e ‘communication packages’ theory serves as reference of comparison. Th e study fi nds that changing social value sets and communication technology developments create challenges to governments in securing support for the nuclear agenda. Th is challenge creates an opportunity for members of the public with ‘reluctant acceptance’ of the nuclear agenda. Building on global uncertainty, challenges to the prevailing political and economic status quo, together with the grow- ing infl uence of social media might assist the public to become vocal in their opinions about nucle- ar energy. KEYWORDS: nuclear discourse, disengagement, social values, communication package. INTRODUCTION Th e current study aims to provide an insight and comparison into the public percep- tion of nuclear energy of the UK and of Hungary. It studies the relevance of the concept of ‘public sphere’ and of ‘communication packages’ in the context of current, European discourse. A critical analysis of relevant theories and of contemporary literature sets the context of the study.