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Museum of Comparative

Harvard University

Annual Report 2018. 2019 About The MCZ

The Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University is a global center for research and education focused on the comparative relationships and of life. The MCZ collections comprise approximately 21 million extant and and specimens, which are a focus of research and teaching for the MCZ, Harvard, and outside students and researchers.

Contents Feature: Javier Ortega-Hernández 2 Faculty-Curator Profiles 3 Emeritus Profiles 6 Courses Led by Faculty-Curators 7 Research Making Headlines 11 Highlights from the Collections 14 Projects & Initiatives 17 Awards & Recognition 20 Grant Recipients 22 Publications in 2018 26 Financial Data 29 Personnel 30 Director’s Message The past year saw significant accomplishments by the MCZ in our core areas of research, teaching and collections stewardship.

These activities are made all the online access to MCZ specimen more urgent by recent authoritative data. Looking ahead, negotiations reports that document impending are underway for the acquisition threats to worldwide. of an important fossil collection as Perhaps the most chilling is the claim early as next summer. that “around one million Following a great multiyear run as already face extinction, many within executive director of the Harvard decades, unless action is taken to Museums of & Culture, which reduce the intensity of drivers of includes the Harvard Museum biodiversity loss.”1 MCZ and other of , Jane Pickering natural history institutions can accepted a new appointment play a unique and essential role in at Harvard as director of the documenting the full extent of life Peabody Museum of on Earth and in helping to craft & Ethnology. One of HMSC’s many strategies to conserve it, and we highlights this year is a grant from take this obligation seriously. the Institute of Museum and MCZ’s success is a function of Library Services to use 3D-scanning our ability to attract talented and technology to develop teaching James Hanken creative people to work and study aids derived from MCZ’s specimen Director with us, and we scored big this collections. year on two fronts. First, in January I am saddened to report that a we welcomed Prof. Javier Ortega- member of the MCZ Faculty passed Hernández as our new curator of away this year. George Putnam Jr. Invertebrate , and was a longtime friend and supporter you can learn more about Javier’s of the MCZ. In addition to serving background and research plans on the Museum’s governing board, in the feature story. Second, the George, together with his wife inaugural class of Edward O. Wilson Nancy, was the founding donor of Biodiversity Postdoctoral Fellows was the Putnam Expeditionary Grants selected, and they arrived in time program, which supports field- for the start of the 2019–2020 based research by MCZ graduate academic year. With support from students, postdoctoral fellows and additional donors, we are able to faculty-curators. He served with the fund four researchers who will U.S. Army Air Corps in World War II About the cover: Two sibling dusky discover, formally describe and (Desmognathus fuscus) and was an alumnus of Harvard before and after metamorphosis. The name new animal species. molecular basis of cutaneous respiration College and Harvard Business in these lungless salamanders was the On the curatorial front, we acquired School. George’s kindness, wise subject of the doctoral dissertation of Zachary Lewis in the Hanken lab. Photo several valuable collections that counsel and advocacy on behalf of by Zachary Lewis. will enhance our holdings in both the MCZ will be sorely missed. Opposite page: Double fluorescentin situ vertebrate and , hybridization marking mRNA expression of neural transcription factor, nkx2.4 and we received another digitization 1 Summary for policymakers of the global (magenta) and neural pool (green) assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem within Hofstenia miamia. Experiment grant from the National Science services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy performed by undergraduate researcher Foundation that will facilitate free, Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Deirdre Potter of the Srivastava lab.

Annual Report 2018 . 2019 1 Introducing Our Newest Faculty-Curator The MCZ is pleased to welcome Dr. Javier Ortega-Hernández as curator of Invertebrate Paleontology and assistant professor in the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary .

Dr. Ortega-Hernández joined Dr. Ortega-Hernández's research utilizes the MCZ in January 2019 exceptionally preserved that, due to after his postdoctoral stint unusual circumstances during the process as a Herchel Smith Fellow of fossilization, contain information about in Biological at the the soft tissues such as the legs, eyes and University of Cambridge. “Javier brains. He has helped pioneer the use of X-ray brings to Harvard a wealth of computed tomography to investigate the expertise regarding a group of 3D-preserved morphology in pyritized fossils that are fundamental from the Cambrian in South , making to our understanding of the it possible to study features that are normally evolution of life on Earth,” says concealed within the rock. MCZ Director James Hanken. The Ortega-Hernández lab will bring together As a paleobiologist, Dr. Ortega- traditional paleontology and fieldwork, Hernández explores the of extant organisms, origin and early evolution of state-of-the-art imaging and other analytical Javier Ortega-Hernández invertebrate animals during the techniques to study the evolutionary history “Cambrian Explosion” more than 500 million years ago, when animal fossils first appeared, relatively suddenly, all around the world. He has spent most of his career studying extinct and their modern descendants, including , , , and . “Arthropods and their relatives represent one of the most successful animal groups in the history of life on Earth,” says Dr. Ortega- Ortega-Hernández Javier Hernández. As such, arthropods are an of arthropods and their close relatives. “We are excellent group for addressing the origin of expanding our access to numerous exceptional animals during the Cambrian Explosion and fossil discoveries around the world, providing investigating how evolution has produced material to better understand the extinct one of the most versatile and adaptable body biodiversity of Cambrian and Ordovician plans known. ecosystems,” he says, “and we are implementing high-end imaging techniques to obtain as “By combining available information on the much morphological data as possible from embryonic development and segmentation of the material.” extant species, it has been possible to better understand how the Cambrian organisms— According to Dr. Ortega-Hernández, “The with their often strange body plans—are MCZ, brimming with invaluable collections Collinsium coliosum reconstruction related to living groups and learn something of great scientific significance, has been a by Javier Ortega-Hernández based about their early evolution that would be powerhouse for invertebrate paleontology. It on the fossil at right otherwise impossible to realize if we only houses an extremely supportive staff that is as study organisms alive today.” excited about these resources as I am.”

2 Museum of Comparative Zoology Faculty-Curator Profiles

Scott V. Edwards Professor of Biology Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology Curator of Prof. Edwards' research focuses on the of and related species, combining field, museum and approaches to Andrew A. Biewener Rinaldo Tony understand Charles P. Lyman Professor of Biology the basis of avian diversity, evolution and behavior. Director, Concord Field Station Current projects use genomics technologies to Prof. Biewener's research focuses on understanding the study comparative genomics and the evolution of , neuromuscular control and energetics flightlessness and other traits in birds; phylogeography of animal movement on land and in the air. His goal and speciation in Neotropical and Australasian birds; is to understand general principles that govern the and the genomics of host–parasite coevolution biomechanical and physiological design of vertebrate between house finches and a recently acquired animals related to their movement in natural environments. bacterial pathogen, Mycoplasma.

Brian D. Farrell Gonzalo Giribet Monique & Philip Lehner Alexander Agassiz Professor for the Study of Professor of Zoology Latin America Professor of Organismic & Professor of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology Evolutionary Biology Curator of Invertebrate Curator of Zoology Director, David Rockefeller Harvard College Professor Center for Latin American Studies Prof. Giribet's primary Faculty Dean, Leverett research focuses on the House evolution, Prof. Farrell's research is and of invertebrate animals,

Stephanie Mitchell broadly concerned with including the use of the evolution of ecological Dunn © Casey interactions between host plants and animals and their morphology and next- parasites, such as insects and other tiny consumers. generation sequencing techniques. Current projects in the Giribet lab include a textbook on and a His current projects include applying next-generation comprehensive study of the harvestmen of , sequencing to speciation and phylogenetic studies of their systematics and biogeography. The lab also works associated species, documenting biodiversity in the on other projects on systematics and biogeography of Dominican Republic, and repatriating digital information arthropods, mollusks and onychophorans, among other from scientific specimens of insects and fossils in groups. He is also interested in homology-related issues museums to their countries of origin. and the use of genomic-level data for inferring phylogenies.

Annual Report 2018 . 2019 3 FACULTY-CURATOR PROFILES

James Hanken Professor of Biology Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology Curator of MCZ Director Prof. Hanken utilizes laboratory-based analyses and field surveys to examine morphological evolution, developmental biology Kris SnibbeKris and systematics. Current areas of Hopi E. Hoekstra research include Professor of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology the evolution of Professor of Molecular & Cellular Biology

Catherine Weisel craniofacial patterning, Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology the developmental basis of morphological novelty and life- Curator of history evolution, biodiversity informatics, and systematics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator evolution of neotropical salamanders. Harvard College Professor Prof. Hoekstra combines field and laboratory work to understand the evolution of mammalian diversity. Her research focuses on the genetic basis of morphological and behavioral variation, primarily in rodents, identifying both the evolutionary processes and the molecular mechanisms responsible for traits that help organisms survive and reproduce in the wild. Research in the Hoekstra lab integrates ecological, behavioral, genetic, developmental and neurobiological approaches.

James J. McCarthy Professor of Biological Oceanography Alexander Agassiz Professor of Biological Oceanography

Stephanie Mitchell Acting Curator of George V. Lauder Prof. McCarthy's Professor of Biology research focuses on Henry Bryant Bigelow Professor of factors that regulate the Curator of Ichthyology processes of primary production and nutrient Prof. Lauder's research focuses on the biomechanics of supply in the ocean. and the development of robotic models for studying aquatic Using field studies locomotion. and modeling, Prof. His current studies focus on the structure and function of McCarthy and his group shark skin and other surface structures and research examine the effects of with various robotic fish models, including a tuna robot. seasonal or interannual Additional broad interests include biological fluid mechanics climate change on and theoretical approaches to the analysis of form and marine life from

function in organisms. Jon Chase to whales.

4 Museum of Comparative Zoology FACULTY-CURATOR PROFILES

Javier Ortega-Hernández Assistant Professor of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology Curator of Invertebrate Paleontology Prof. Ortega-Hernández's research focuses on the evolution of metazoans that first appeared and rapidly diversified during the Paleozoic Era (ca. 541 to 251 million years ago). His group specializes in the study of exceptionally preserved Cambrian and Ordovician fossil biotas around the world, with Isabella Kirkland a strong interest in the morphology, phylogeny and Naomi E. Pierce development of panarthropods and their relatives. The Sidney A. & John Hessel Professor of Biology lab combines traditional paleontology with cutting- Curator of edge techniques to investigate exceptional fossils, test macroevolutionary hypotheses through deep time, Prof. Pierce's research focuses on the behavioral of and better understand the origin of the major animal species interactions, particularly the coevolution between groups that have shaped the biosphere for more than plants, pathogens and herbivores, and symbioses between 500 million years. and other organisms. Her laboratory integrates approaches from , ecology, behavior, genomics and comparative methods to investigate patterns of reciprocal adaptation and diversification exhibited by organisms that live in close association with each other.

Mansi Srivastava Assistant Professor of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology Curator of Invertebrate Zoology Prof. Srivastava's research focuses on understanding the Paul Whatmough Paul evolution of animal Stephanie E. Pierce development and

regeneration. Her Isaac Orderberg Thomas D. Cabot Associate Professor of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology group utilizes the Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology three-banded panther , Hofstenia miamia, which she has developed as a new acoel model system. Acoels represent Prof. Pierce's research is focused on major morphological the sister-group to all animals with bilateral symmetry, which and ecological transitions in vertebrate evolution through allows the study of genetic mechanisms that span 550 million an examination of the fossil record. Her work tends toward years of animal evolution. 3D modeling and experimentation of the musculoskeletal system, with particular attention to the link between form Current projects in the lab range from identifying gene and function. Current projects include the fin-to-limb regulatory networks for regeneration to determining the transition, the “”-to- transition and the embryonic origins of pluripotent stem cells to understanding evolution of the horse. the origins of bilateral nervous systems.

Annual Report 2018 . 2019 5 Emeritus Profiles

A. W. “Fuzz” Crompton Faculty-Curator, Emeritus Fisher Professor of Natural History, Emeritus Prof. Crompton, former curator of Mammalogy, was the director of the MCZ from 1970 to 1982, having served as director of both the Peabody Museum of Natural History at Yale University and the South African Museum in Cape Town.

His primary research Richard C. Lewontin interests include the Professor of Biology, Emeritus

Justin Ide Justin origin and evolution of Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology, Emeritus , functional An evolutionary geneticist, Prof. Lewontin pioneered , and neural control and evolution of feeding in recent the field of molecular population by merging and fossil . Prof. Crompton received two Guggenheim and evolutionary theory, as well as fellowships for his research on vertebrate paleontology and the philosophical and social implications of genetics functional morphology, and in 2011 received the Romer-Simpson and evolutionary theory. Medal from the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. Among his many books are The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change; Biology as Ideology: The Doctrine Edward O. Wilson of DNA; Human Diversity; and The Triple Helix: Gene, Honorary Curator in Organism and Environment. Entomology Pellegrino University Professor, Emeritus Robert M. Prof. Wilson Woollacott is considered Professor of Biology the founder of Emeritus and Prof. Woollacott has developed the joined the faculty basis of modern in 1972 and biodiversity retired in 2018. conservation. He His teaching has received many and research of the world’s focus is on the

leading prizes in Beth Maynor Finch recognition of his of marine research, creative literature and environmental activism. Prof. invertebrates, Wilson was awarded two Pulitzer Prizes for his books The Ants especially larval (1990, with Bert Hölldobler) and On Human (1978). He biology, as well received the TED Prize in 2007, where he articulated the concept as human impacts of the Encyclopedia of Life, and the Hubbard Medal in 2013, the on life in the sea. rarely given highest award of the National Geographic Society.

6 Museum of Comparative Zoology Courses Led by Faculty-Curators Academic Year 2018–2019 Stephanie Pierce

OEB 207: The Fishy Aspects of the Organismic and Evolutionary OEB 58: How to Build an Animal Human Body Biology Stephanie E. Pierce, Mansi Srivastava Introduction to animal biology, evolution OEB 11: Introduction to Tropical Biology and development and how these Gonzalo Giribet (and David Haig) processes combine to shape the diversity Introduction to concepts of tropical of life on Earth. biology and tropical biodiversity with a focus on the ecology, and OEB 115: The Developmental Basis for James Hanken leading tour diversity of rainforest and tropical coral Evolutionary Change reef ecosystems. Mansi Srivastava (and Matthew Harris, Clifford Tabin) OEB 51: Biology and Evolution of Introduction to evolutionary Invertebrate Animals developmental biology, focusing on the Gonzalo Giribet (and Cassandra Extavour) molecular and cellular bases of how Introduction to invertebrate diversity, embryos generate adult body plans in covering the development, adult anatomy, order to understand how form, physiology biology and evolutionary relationships of and life history strategies are modulated the main animal phyla, including , over the course of evolution. mollusks, and arthropods, among others. OEB 125: Molecular Ecology and Evolution OEB 57: Animal Behavior Scott V. Edwards Naomi E. Pierce (and Bence P. Olveczky) A survey of theory and applications A review of the behavior of animals under of DNA technologies to the study of natural conditions, with emphasis on both evolutionary, ecological and behavioral mechanistic and evolutionary approaches. processes in natural populations.

Annual Report 2018 . 2019 7 COURSES Wendy HeywoodWendy

OEB 58: How to Build an Animal OEB 155r: Biology of Insects Freshman Seminar Naomi E. Pierce Introduction to the major groups of FRSEMR 21R: The Evolutionary Transition from Dinosaurs to Birds: Fossils, Genomes insects—life history, morphology, physiology and Behavior and ecology—through a combination of Scott V. Edwards OEB 51: Biology and Evolution of lecture, lab and field exercises. Invertebrate Animals Exploration of the dinosaurian origins OEB 207: The Fishy Aspects of the of modern birds through examination Human Body of Harvard’s excellent collections of Stephanie E. Pierce dinosaur fossils, skeletons and specimens Exploration of how the human body of extant birds, and focused readings and evolved through an analysis of the discussions. nonfiction bookYour Inner Fish: A FRSEMR 50H: The Biology of Movement Journey into the 3.5-Billion-Year History Andrew A. Biewener of the Human Body by evolutionary Neil Shubin. Explores why and how organisms move, providing an overview of the biological Mind, Brain and Behavior motors animals and microbes use to power movement and the mechanisms MBB 980Q: Of Mice and Microbes: plants use for growth and geotaxis and How Microbes Shape Animal phototaxis, as well as the aesthetics and Behavior health benefits of movement. Naomi E. Pierce (and Chris Baker) Exploration of a variety of animal– microbe symbioses through the lens of

Gonzalo Giribet animal .

8 Museum of Comparative Zoology COURSES

Life Sciences OEB 310: Metazoan Systematics Gonzalo Giribet LIFESCI 1B: An Integrated Introduction to the Life Sciences: Genetics, Genomics and OEB 320: Biomechanics and Evolution Evolution of Vertebrates Hopi E. Hoekstra (and Andrew Berry, Pardis Sabeti) George V. Lauder An integrated approach showing how OEB 321: Evolution of Regeneration genetics and evolution are intimately and Development related, together explaining the patterns of Mansi Srivastava genetic variation we see in nature, and how OEB 323: Advanced Vertebrate genomics can be used to analyze variation. Anatomy Stephanie E. Pierce LIFESCI 2: Evolutionary Human Physiology and Anatomy OEB 334: Behavioral Ecology Andrew A. Biewener, George V. Lauder (and Naomi E. Pierce Daniel E. Lieberman) OEB 341: Coevolution Explores human anatomy and physiology Brian D. Farrell from an integrated framework, combining OEB 345/E-PSCI 337: Biological functional, comparative and evolutionary de Medeiros Bruno Oceanography perspectives on how organisms work. James J. McCarthy OEB 155r: Biology of Insects Graduate Courses of Reading OEB 355: Evolutionary Developmental and Research Biology OEB 306: Invertebrate Paleobiology James Hanken and Evolution OEB 362: Research in Molecular Evolution Javier Ortega-Hernández Scott V. Edwards OEB 307: Biomechanics, Physiology OEB 370: Mammalian Evolutionary and Musculoskeletal Biology Genetics Andrew A. Biewener Hopi E. Hoekstra OEB 155r: Biology of Insects Bruno de Medeiros Bruno

Annual Report 2018 . 2019 9 COURSES

Introduction to Tropical Biology in OEB11: Introduction to Tropical Biology exposes students to of Invertebrate Zoology, and David Haig, George Putnam concepts of tropical biology and biodiversity. A pre-semester Professor of Biology in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at three-week field trip for the course took place in January Harvard, along with faculty of the University of Sydney, the ten 2019 in Australia. Students did fieldwork in the rainforest and Harvard students on the trip partnered with ten students from tropical coral reefs and focused on the ecology, physiology the University of Sydney. The students experienced the local and diversity of these ecosystems. Experts on tropical biodiversity and the research related to aspects of diversity, ecology, including rainforests and marine environments, and ecology and evolution, while interacting with their Australian taxonomic experts were involved. Taught by Gonzalo Giribet, counterparts and learning about the local culture. This was the professor of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and curator first time the field course was offered and it was a great success. Gonzalo Giribet (4) Gonzalo Giribet

10 Museum of Comparative Zoology Research Making Headlines Just Breathe With 478 species, plethodontid salamanders lungs. They also discovered that a are the largest group of salamanders in the gene which produces a key protein world. They can also survive on land without for lung function, surfactant lungs. Loss of lungs is a major evolutionary protein C, is expressed in their change that might be expected to limit body skin and mouths, possibly helping size and thermal tolerance, and therefore facilitate absorption of oxygen, location, of a species. However, these lungless and that the dusky salamanders are up to 27 centimeters long has two copies of this gene. and thrive in a variety of environments Gene duplication is important in throughout the Western Hemisphere, South evolution because the first gene Korea and , so they must have adapted can continue functioning normally successfully to obtain adequate oxygen. while the second is deployed in some other way to enable the For decades, have assumed that evolution of novel traits. In this lungless salamanders “breathe” through case, the second copy turns on in their skin and the lining of their mouth, but the skin in larvae, but once the have not explored exactly how the process salamander comes on land and the works. James Hanken, Zachary Lewis and skin begins to harden, this expression moves Jorge Dorantes examined the lungless to the mouth. The research was published dusky salamander (Desmognathus fuscus) in Proceedings of the Royal Society B. and found that while it has the genes to Zachary Lewis form lungs—which develop initially but Lewis ZR, Dorantes JA, Hanken J (2018) Expression of a novel surfactant protein gene is associated with sites of then stop—it instead forms enriched blood extrapulmonary respiration in a lungless salamander. vessels to the skin and mouth rather than Proc R Soc B 285:20181589

Solving the Segmented Spine Much of the agility of mammals—climbing, evolved near the shoulders running, flying and digging—is made as the forelimbs lengthened possible by highly specialized regions of their and moved under the body, backbones. To examine how the mammal changing how these animals spine and its distinctive regions evolved, walked and ran. Later, a team led by Stephanie E. Pierce and another region developed postdoctoral researcher and lead author near the pelvis forming the Katrina Jones looked to the fossil record of ribless lumbar region, an area mammalian ancestors, the nonmammalian that is very important for synapsids, which diverged from like locomotion and adapting to and dinosaurs more than 320 million new environments. Formation years ago. However, finding extinct animals of the lumbar region is also with all 25-plus vertebrae in place is extremely linked to changes in Hox gene expression, rare, so the researchers searched museum the genetic scheme for determining the

collections from around the world to CT- layout of the spine in early development. E.Katrina Jones scan and measure dozens of fossil spines Together, these evolutionary changes laid the and more than 1,000 vertebrae from living foundation for a highly adaptable mammalian mammals, reptiles and . The body plan, enabling mammals to diversify into analysis of the spinal regions showed that, the myriad forms we see today. contrary to common assumptions based on Jones KE, Angielczyk KD, Polly PD, Head JJ, Fernandez living animals, the mammalian spine gained V, Lungmus JK, Tulga S, Pierce SE (2018) Fossils reveal new regions during its deep-time evolution. the complex evolutionary history of the mammalian Around 250 million years ago a new region regionalized spine. Science 361:1249-1252 Annual Report 2018 . 2019 11 RESEARCH

A Mouse of a Different Color In the faraway Sand Hills of Nebraska, coat color strongly predicted the likelihood steel enclosures and a population of of survival, with higher survival of mice that deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) matched the soil color, clearly demonstrating have been instrumental in an how physical attributes can interact with unprecedented, multiyear experiment environmental conditions to affect fitness. But conducted in the laboratory of Hopi E. that was just the beginning. Hoekstra. Fieldwork led by former In the lab, researchers examined the gene postdoctoral researcher Rowan Barrett Agouti that controls the production of yellow combined with lab experiments led pigment. The darker mice had a functioning by former postdoctoral researcher copy of the gene, producing dark coats, but Ricardo Mallarino, among others, the lighter mice were discovered to have a illuminated the full process of single three-DNA base-pair mutation in the evolution by . Agouti protein, which affected the protein’s The Sand Hills region contains areas of binding leading to lighter pigmentation. For distinctively dark and light soils, with deer mice the first time in a single study, researchers of corresponding dark and light fur. It was long were able to demonstrate how physical hypothesized that the light mice would be traits impact survival in the wild, determine better camouflaged from predators on light soil, the gene and mutation that contribute to and dark ones better on dark soil. To test this, these physical traits, and establish how that researchers built 80-foot-square steel enclosures mutation operates. on both types of soil and placed approximately 100 deer mice with different coat colors into Barrett RDH, Laurent S, Mallarino R, Pfeifer SP, Xu CCY, Foll M, Wakamatsu K, Duke-Cohan JS, Jensen JD, each of six pens open to avian predators. After Hoekstra HE (2019) Linking a mutation to survival in

Rowan Barrett (2) Barrett Rowan only three months they already found that wild mice. Science 363:499-504

Flight Delays It is understandable that early evolutionary members Phil Grayson, Alison Cloutier, assumed that flightless birds Zhirui Hu, Jun S. Liu, and Michele Clamp, descended from a among others. The team assembled and common ancestor. annotated 11 new genomes, including 8 After all, they have flightless birds like the emu, kiwi and extinct similar body types, moa, and 3 tinamous, which can fly. These with small to no genomes were then analyzed together with forelimbs or wings, the published genomes of 33 species, an absence of a “keel” both flightless and flying. The team found that in the breastbone even though the species show wide functional for wing muscle divergences in the protein-coding portions of attachments, and larger their genomes, they have very similar regions hind limbs. However, that regulate these proteins. These shared recent genomics developmental pathways are employed to analysis has shown alter limb development, stunting or stopping Kris Snibbe,Kris Harvard University that since there was no development of the forelimb/wing. Because recent common ancestor, flightlessness evolved of their key role in the body- and limb-scaling independently in multiple lineages. But how? changes that accompany loss of flight, the study suggests that these developmental Led by Scott V. Edwards and Timothy pathways have been employed multiple times Sackton, director of informatics for FAS across the various flightless lineages. Research Computing, the multi-disciplinary team of ornithologists, developmental Sackton TB, Grayson P, Cloutier A, Hu Z, Liu JS, Wheeler NE, Gardner PP, Clarke JA, Baker AJ, Clamp M, Edwards biologists, morphologists, statisticians and SV (2019) Convergent regulatory evolution and loss of population geneticists included Harvard flight in paleognathous birds.Science 364:74-7

12 Museum of Comparative Zoology RESEARCH

Protecting Pollinators and insects everywhere are in decline. Colonies were then exposed to They help maintain biodiversity and ecologically relevant levels of ecosystem function and are critical for the imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid pollination of about a third of the world’s pesticide. The researchers agricultural crops. New research has shown found exposure impaired that neonicotinoids, the most commonly queen and worker behaviors used class of pesticide around the globe, within the nest, with even have profound impacts on a variety of more marked effects at night. social behaviors to the detriment of the The bees were not as efficient colony’s vitality, even in nonlethal doses. at regulating nest temperature and were less likely to build an While earlier research showed pesticide insulating wax canopy around exposure decreased foraging activities, new the brood, an important techniques were required to look inside the adaptation to cold. nest. To observe the bees’ interior world, a team of Harvard researchers, including These results, published in lead author postdoctoral fellow James Science, illustrate the potential Crall, Naomi Pierce, Stacey Combes and for this high throughput Benjamin de Bivort developed a robotic monitoring system to analyze platform to study colonies under field effects of agrochemicals for conditions. By placing a QR code on each sublethal impacts on pollinators. bumblebee (Bombus impatiens), the Crall JD, Switzer CM, Oppenheimer RL, Ford-Versypt A, Dey B, Brown A, Eyster M, Guérin C, Pierce NE, Combes

behavior of individuals in multiple colonies Crall James D. SA, de Bivort BL (2018) Chronic neonicotinoid exposure could be monitored with a mobile camera disrupts bumblebee nest behavior, social networks, and array and computer vision. thermoregulation. Science 362:683-386

A Model Worm Like salamanders, some animals are capable mechanism—the of regrowing a missing limb. Others, such protein encoded as , can regenerate their bodies after by the gene early being cut in half. To study the genetics of growth response, regeneration, Mansi Srivastava developed or EGR, gets the three-banded panther worm (Hofstenia activated right after miamia) as a for its ability to amputation and regenerate its entire body and its phylogenic binds to noncoding position as the likely sister group to all other DNA near other regeneration genes to activate organisms with symmetrical body plans, or them, acting like a master switch. EGR and its bilaterians. Then she developed molecular target genes together represent a network or techniques to study how the worm is able to circuit of regulatory interactions that launches regenerate. the process of regeneration in Hofstenia. A team led by Prof. Srivastava is using the EGR and other genes found in the three-banded panther worm to uncover the regeneration circuit of three-banded panther regulatory logic that orchestrates regeneration. are also present in other species.

Prof. Srivastava and Andrew Gehrke, a The researchers want to determine what (2) Srivastava Mansi postdoctoral fellow in the Srivastava lab, and the connections are and how they are wired others began by sequencing the genome of in other animals, including humans and Hofstenia miamia, the first from this . vertebrates that only do limited regeneration. They used the genome to map functional Gehrke AR, Neverett E, Luo Y-J, Brandt A, Ricci L, Hulett RE, binding sites and construct a gene regulatory Gompers A, Ruby JG, Rokhsar DS, Reddien PW, Srivastava network initiating whole-body regeneration. M (2019) Acoel genome reveals the regulatory landscape of In the process, they uncovered a regulatory whole-body regeneration. Science 363:eaau6173 Annual Report 2018 . 2019 13 Highlights from the Collections

Ornithological Expedition to Mongolia Daurian redstarts (Phoenicurus auroreus), black redstarts (Phoenicurus ochruros), lesser whitethroats (Sylvia curruca), Godlewski’s buntings (Emberiza godlewskii) and common rosefinches Carpodacus( erythrinus). Several birds were new to the MCZ Ornithology collection, either as species or tissues. Two Saxaul sparrows (Passer ammodendri) collected are among only around 100 specimens of this species worldwide and the best represented in terms of high-quality tissues. “An expedition innovation was the pre- labeling of cryotubes in the MCZ,” says With support from a Putnam Expeditionary Grant, members of the Edwards lab and the MCZ Ornithology Department collected specimens in southern Mongolia from June 23 to July 27, 2018. The first goal was to collect high-quality tissues from common species distributed along a north-south gradient of aridity and temperature for eventual gene expression studies. The second goal was to increase the global genomic resources for Mongolian birds through general collecting. MCZ participants included Scott V. Edwards, curator of Ornithology, Jeremiah Trimble, curatorial associate in Trimble, “which expedited the accession Ornithology, and graduate student Jonathan of the Mongolia specimens into the Schmitt. The expedition was led by Sundev Ornithology collection and made them Gombobaatar, professor of biology at the quickly available on MCZbase.” Another National University of Mongolia. innovation was the rapid freezing and high diversity of most of the tissues, since “Expedition highlights came not multifaceted tissue preservation is still through acquisition of impressively unique for ornithology. plumaged birds, although that occasionally happened, but through collecting in series, which means obtaining a number of members of single species that can document geographic variation,” says Prof. Edwards. Specimens collected in series included willow tits (Parus montanus), great tits (Parus major), wrynecks (Jynx torquatus)—the most basal

lineage of woodpeckers— (4) Edwards Scott

14 Museum of Comparative Zoology COLLECTIONS

New Histological Collections at MCZ Northcutt Collection The R. Glenn Northcutt Collection of Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy and consists of an estimated 40,000 slides showing the minute structure of animal tissues discernible by . The collection was amassed over Dr. Northcutt’s career from 1963 to 2014 and generously gifted to the MCZ by him and his friend and colleague, Cornell University professor Dr. William E. Bemis. Almost 250 unique genera from all living vertebrate groups are represented, including species that are rarely found as histological preparations in museum collections, such as the South American hoatzin, or stinkbird. Most specimens are serially sectioned whole or partial brains. Entire heads and hundreds of serially Andrew Williston Andrew sectioned embryos are also included. The collection, with incredibly fine histological preparation, is well suited for slide digitization and has provided anatomical voucher material for more than 240 publications in neuroanatomy and development. Since the collection represents taxa from multiple curatorial departments, it is being cataloged in MCZ’s Special Collections. According to Linda S. Ford, director of collections operations, “The collection has remarkable representation among the vertebrates and is a wonderful complement to the Minot Harvard Embryological Collection, which is also cataloged and housed in Special Collections.” Wilder Collection The Wilder Collection was built by anatomist and zoologist Harris Hawthorne Wilder (1864–1928). “The collection contains around 2,600 slides of various vertebrate skulls and developmental series, and numerous salamander histological sections,” says José Rosado, curatorial associate in Herpetology. A member of the Smith College faculty, Wilder lived with his wife in Northampton in a house situated on the campus. When she passed, the contents were stored away and the house used for offices. At some later time, the contents were reviewed by Smith College, which gave the slides to Dr. Stephen Tilley, a herpetologist in the Department of Biology. He, in turn, donated

the collection to the MCZ. Aja Melissa

Annual Report 2018 . 2019 15 COLLECTIONS

Caribbean Millipedes The Department of Invertebrate Zoology recently acquired a large and valuable collection of Caribbean millipedes from well-known Cuban zoologist Antonio Pérez-Asso. The Pérez-Asso Collection was amassed during a lifetime of dedication to and includes his major taxonomic interest, juliform millipedes of Hispaniola. “Juliform millipedes are often poorly preserved in collections due to their tendency to curl during initial fixation, and many specimens are fragile and can break when in contact with other specimens or container walls,” says Gonzalo Giribet, curator of Invertebrate Zoology. To prevent this damage, Pérez-Asso carefully placed each specimen in a straight plastic tube—often a piece of straw—and stored them in these tubes

in jars, so all specimens are beautifully preserved. (2) Gonzalo Giribet The collection includes about 5,650 specimens collected between 1993 and 2008 in the Dominican Republic and Haiti; 24 are holotypes—specimens used to formally describe a species—and 595 are paratypes, additional specimens of a series. This extensive collection also comprises numerous topotypes—specimens collected at the same location as the original holotype—of most of the species from the Dominican Republic, plus a few from Haiti, that were described by Loomis and Chamberlin between the 1910s and 1940s.

Malacology Receives NSF Digitization Grant Land are a major component of terrestrial ecosystems. There are more than 25,000 species of land snails worldwide with more than 6,000 species occurring on the Pacific Islands. Unfortunately, Pacific Island land snails account for 40% of all documented recent animal extinctions (IUCN 2016). MCZ is a member of a consortium of five of the largest natural history collections in the U.S. that has been awarded a National Science Foundation grant to establish the Pacific Island Land Biodiversity Repository (PILSBRY). “When complete, this resource will document the biodiversity of land Aja (2) Melissa snails that occur now, or once lived, on many of the Pacific Islands,” says Principal Investigator James J. McCarthy, acting curator of Malacology. “It will allow researchers to assess species distributions, population variation, morphological variation, species invasions, and other ecological and evolutionary relevant questions.” “From various Pacific Islands, MCZ has over 11,407 lots—around 104,000 specimens— representing 2,840 different species of land snails, and more than half of them are from ,” says Adam J. Baldinger, curatorial associate in Malacology. MCZ’s primary role will be to ensure the accuracy of these records and enrich them with habitat data, collectors’ observational notes, genetic data and georeferences. MCZ staff will digitally capture data for uncatalogued specimens as well as create digital images of all primary types—516 specimens in all—from the Pacific Islands.

16 Museum of Comparative Zoology Projects & Initiatives Encyclopedia of Life Learning + Education Group The Encyclopedia of Life eol.org( ) is an open-science project that aggregates biodiversity content and data from partners such as MCZbase, the Smithsonian Institution, the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and iNaturalist. EOL is also used in formal and informal education settings and for citizen-science activities. All resources, data, tools and applications are freely available. Due to EOL’s shift to ecological modelers and scientists as its primary audiences, the EOL Learning + Education Group, hosted at the MCZ, disbanded in June 2019. Educational Resources The EOL Learning + Education website education.eol.org( ) continues to offer podcasts, lesson plans and biodiversity cards, all aligned with the U.S. Next Generation Science Standards. The EOL Biodiversity Card Maker allows anyone to access, download and make biodiversity cards for classroom learning and to support biodiversity-related citizen science projects. City Nature Challenge In 2019, the City Nature Challenge took place April 26 to April 30 in 159 cities and 29 countries, engaging 35,126 observers and logging 963,773 observations. All 351,671 research-grade images flowed from the iNaturalist biodiversity observation platform to EOL, including observations of 1,100 rare, endangered and threatened species globally. EOL led the effort to create the CNC Education Toolkit and helped organize the Boston event.

Teaching with Specimens and Digital Images Through a 2018 grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services, the Harvard Museums of Science & Culture will improve the ability of middle school teachers to teach with museum collections-based digital resources. With teachers as advisors, the museum will create four classroom activities and associated teacher professional development programs. The project, which will run through 2021, will provide schools with classroom-ready resources that support student learning. The activityThe Natural History of uses 3D-printed frogs created from the MCZ Herpetology collection. The museum worked with graduate student Mara Laslo in the Hanken lab to identify a dozen species that show a variety of strategies for survival, and students will use these lifelike replicas to observe physical traits that allow survival in a particular habitat. For Is it a ? Not all legless reptiles are !, students will investigate morphological traits of limbless specimens through digital images from the Herpetology collection to determine which ones are snakes and which ones are not, and to explore convergent evolution Melissa Aja Melissa that led many disparate lineages to adopt similar morphologies. Teeth, Toes and Temperature: Climate Change and Horse Evolution utilizes 3D-printed fossil horse teeth to illustrate the changing food source, and hence changing environments, of horse ancestors during the Cenozoic. Graduate student Brianna McHorse of Stephanie Pierce’s lab and Jessica Cundiff, curatorial associate in Vertebrate Paleontology, assisted in selecting fossil horse teeth.

Annual Report 2018 . 2019 17 PROJECTS & INITIATIVES

Ernst Mayr Library Biodiversity Heritage Library EML staff has enrichedBHL’s online content while focusing on MCZ’s unique collections, such as adding digital versions of more than 500 books held by MCZ in just the last year. EML content in BHL is viewed by an average of 7,191 users per month, with 22,296 total views per month. William Brewster Collections Digitized This year volunteers transcribed more than 900 pages of William Brewster’s journals and diaries. To date, 41 volumes have been transcribed and validated for a total of 8,009 pages. Since the November 2018 soft launch of BHL’s transcription functionality, EML has added eight transcribed volumes—1,547 pages—of his journal entries, which are full-text searchable in BHL. Jacques Burkhardt Fish Illustrations Published The 2019 bookBrazilian Fishes: Watercolors by Jacques Burkhardt (1865–1866) features nearly 1,000 paintings made during the Louis Agassiz–led Thayer Expedition to Brazil. A grant in 2000 enabled digitization of these paintings and associated Thayer Expedition materials. The Jacques Burkhardt Scientific Drawings collection is available on Harvard Library’s CURIOSity

Spotlight digital collections platform. (2) Mayr Library MCZ, Ernst Digitizing MCZ Collection Documents More than 1,000 pages of field notes, ledgers and ancillary materials from several MCZ departments have been scanned, including 196 photographs and cards from Invertebrate Zoology, 314 ledger sheets from Malacology (Thaanum Catalogue of Hawaiian Land Shells) and 515 data cards from Mammalogy (Asiatic Primate Expedition 1937). They are archived in the Harvard Digital Repository Service and will be linked to MCZbase specimen records.

MCZ History

Swiss-born Jacques Burkhardt was among the finest natural history illustrators of the 19th century, and for most of his life he worked for the MCZ’s founding director, Louis Agassiz. His greatest artistic legacy may be a collection of more than 400 watercolor and pencil drawings of Amazonian fishes from theThayer Expedition to Brazil, 1865–1866. Each haul of the ship’s nets would deposit piles of fishes on deck, with Agassiz quickly identifying new species while Burkhardt furiously sketched outlines of select specimens and made color notes to complete the drawings later. Watercolor featured in Brazilian Fishes: Watercolors by Widespread appreciation of Burkhardt’s watercolors has come Jacques Burkhardt (1865–1866) by Heraldo Britski and only recently. In 2004, the Ernst Mayr Library began offering José Lima de Figueirado (2019) digital scans of the drawings, which have been viewed thousands of times, and in 2019 many were reproduced in a lavish volume by Heraldo Britski and José Lima de Figueirado of the University of São Paulo Museum of Zoology. But not everyone recognized their value. In 1940, MCZ Director Thomas Barbour shipped the drawings to Stanford, telling ichthyologist George Myers: “They are a gift, pure and simple, and I hope that you may . . . perhaps find some use for them. If not, I suppose even in California you occasionally have a fire in the grate.” Thankfully, Myers didn’t take Barbour’s advice, and the paintings were eventually returned to the MCZ.

18 Museum of Comparative Zoology PROJECTS & INITIATIVES

Harvard Museums of Science & Culture In July 2019, Jane Pickering became the director of Harvard’s Peabody Museum of Archaeology & Ethnology. Pickering will oversee the curation, care and conservation, and programming of one of the oldest and largest collections of cultural objects in the Western Hemisphere. Founded in 1866, the Peabody Museum houses more than 1.2 million objects. Pickering had been executive director of the Harvard Museums of Science & Culture since 2013, directing public programming for a consortium of six partner museums: the Museum of Comparative Zoology, the Harvard University Herbaria, and the Mineralogical & Geological Museum, which contribute to the Harvard Museum of Natural History; the Semitic Museum; the Peabody Museum of Archaeology & Ethnology; and the Collection of Historical Scientific Instruments. During the consortium’s first five years, museum attendance increased by 34 percent to almost 300,000 annual visitors. Pickering worked to expand the reach of HSMC programming in collaboration with other Harvard communities, and in 2017, more than 150 Harvard faculty members

participated in HMSC curation, presentations and program advising. Stephanie Mitchell, Harvard University HMSC Highlights Jane Pickering During the academic year, HMSC opened several new exhibitions. The multimedia Climate Change at the Harvard Museum of Natural History is a complete gallery renovation that features Harvard research about the warming climate, its global and local consequences, and how to reduce fossil fuel emissions and prepare for its effects.The Rockefeller , an exhibition of hundreds of specimens from David Rockefeller’s recently donated collection, debuted in October. Two new photographic exhibitions were shown at the Peabody Museum—Caspian: Chloe Dewe Mathews and Kalahari Perspectives: Anthropology, Photography and the Marshall Family. In celebration of the 10th anniversary of the Evolution Matters lecture series, a special event was held with authors David Quammen and Carl Zimmer. Later in the semester, Frontiers in Evolution featured lightning talks by four Harvard graduate students, an experimental format that was very successful. More than 6,000 people enjoyed HMSC’s evening programs, with the live streams watched by viewers around the world. Special evening programs were hosted for Harvard students at both ends of their college experience. A new program at the Peabody, Native American Poetry Playlist: Poems in the Gallery, enabled visitors to listen to contemporary poems by Native American authors while exploring the first-floor galleries. Annual Report 2018 . 2019 19 Awards & Recognition

Mansi Srivastava received a National Institutes of Health Maximizing Investigators’ Research Award for Early Stage Investigators for the project Using a new regenerative model system to elucidate mechanisms for stem cell regulation. Staff Jason Fleming, senior research administrator, and Nikki Hughes, faculty assistant, each received a Dean’s Distinction Award from the Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Karsten E. Hartel, former curatorial associate of Ichthyology, was honored by the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists with the Spiritus Award for his excellence in service and support of natural history collections. Breda Zimkus, cryogenics collections George V. Lauder manager for genetic resources, received Faculty-Curators a Certificate of Teaching Excellence for Scott V. Edwards was awarded the 2019 Lecturers from the Derek Bok Center. Molecular Ecology Prize. Along with several other colleagues, he was awarded a National Science Foundation grant in Dimensions of Biodiversity, a new program that supports projects that yield a better understanding of Earth’s biodiversity. Two new species of invertebrates were named after Gonzalo Giribet: the sponge Leucetta giribeti and the worm Pterocirrus giribeti. George V. Lauder received the Joseph S. Nelson Lifetime Achievement Award in Breda Zimkus Ichthyology from the American Postdoctoral Researchers Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. Ligia Benavides Silva received a Certificate of Distinction in Teaching from the Derek Javier Ortega-Hernández Bok Center. was granted the distinction of National Researcher Level 1 Valentina Di Santo received the She Made by the National System of a Difference award from the European Researchers of the Government Women’s Management Development of Mexico. International Network. Gonzalo Giribet

20 Museum of Comparative Zoology AWARDS & RECOGNITION Awards & Recognition

Graduate Students Caitlin Baker received first place for best student talk in Evolution, Systematics and Biogeography at the 21st International Congress of . Nicole Bedford, Blake Dickson, Nathan Edelman, Kadeem Gilbert, Philip Grayson, Alyssa Hernandez, Nicholas Herrmann, Ryan Hulett, Sang Il Kim, Julian Kimura, Vanessa Knutson, Mara Laslo, Inbar Maayan, Dave Matthews, Sofia Prado-Irwin, Jonathan Schmitt, Kari Taylor-Burt, Kira Treibergs, Brock Wooldridge and Zane Wolf each received a Certificate of Distinction in Teaching from the Derek Bok Center. Jasmin Camacho was awarded an American Association of University Women 2018 American Fellowship for her project

Developmental, cellular and genetic Jeremiah Trimble mechanisms underlying striking cranio-facial Scott V. Edwards variation in New World leaf-nosed bats. Olivia Meyerson received the Lewontin Research Award from the Society for the Study of Evolution and a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. Sofia Prado-Irwin was awarded a Society of Systematic Biologists Graduate Student Research Award. Shayla Salzman and Dylan Wainwright were each awarded a National Science Anole by Sofia Prado-Irwin Foundation Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology. Kadeem Gilbert was awarded a National Institute of Food and Agriculture Undergraduate Postdoctoral Fellowship from the United Students States Department of Agriculture. Sophie Westbrook received Phil Grayson won Best Student Talk in the the Freund Prize for the Division of Evolutionary Developmental highest academic standing in Biology at the Society for Integrative and Harvard College. Comparative Biology annual meeting. Brendan Dean Zhi Min Richard Knecht was awarded a National received a Hoopes Prize for his Science Foundation Graduate Research thesis project Burning questions: Fellowship and a Society Responses to fire by partners in Fellowship in Graduate Studies. a complex –plant symbiosis. Shayla Salzman

Annual Report 2018 . 2019 21 Grant Recipients

Grants-in-Aid of Undergraduate Research Cunha Tauana These grants support research by Harvard College undergraduates under faculty supervision. Priority is given to projects that utilize MCZ, Harvard University Herbaria (HUH) and Arnold Arboretum (AA) research collections, laboratories and facilities. Support for these grants comes from the MCZ’s Myvanwy M. and George M. Dick Scholarship for Students, HUH and AA.

Recipient Academic Dept./ Project Title Amount Faculty Sponsor Chloé-Rose Colombero OEB/George Lauder Dermal denticle replacement in sharks: A $5,000 Sonja Eliason comparative analysis across species Emmanuel D'Agostino OEB/James Hanken Estimating behavioral, morphological and $500 genomic divergence in precopulatory isolation of Anolis sagrei Camille DeSisto HUH/Charles Davis The spread and consequences of the invasive $4,797 strawberry guava in Elizabeth D'haiti OEB/Mansi Srivastava Determining the timeline of development $4,000 of adult pluripotent stem cells in Hofstenia miamia Sonja K. Eliason HEB/Bridget Alex Investigating the genetic coevolution of humans $500 and Yersinia pestis Skye Fenton OEB/Paul Moorcroft Senior thesis research: Mechanistic modeling $4,000 of reintroduced roe deer movement and resource use Elena Moncada Laura Jenny OEB/Naomi Pierce Analyzing changes to the microbiota of $2,311 cucurbit plants during infection with Erwinia tracheiphila Anne Kennedy-Yoon OEB/Naomi Pierce The effect of ant species on tree growth and $2,750 morphology in African whistling thorn acacias Eli Martin OEB/Gonzalo Giribet Investigation of pteropod diversity and $3,100 distribution in Panama using numerical and genetic methods Elena Moncada OEB/Gonzalo Giribet Phylogenetic analysis of the family Donacidae $1,750 (coquina or bean clams) Deirdre Potter OEB/Mansi Srivastava Neural regeneration in Hofstenia miamia: $4,000 Investigating expression of genes in adult neurogenesis Jaelithe Virgin-Downey Kennedy School of The science and politics of Florida's red tide $2,600

Deirdre Potter Deirdre Government/Sheila (harmful algal blooms) Jasanoff Brendan Dean Zhi Min OEB/Naomi Pierce A song of time and fire: Symbiosis maintenance $2,500 in a complex Kenyan ant–acacia system Brendan Dean Zhi Min OEB/Naomi Pierce Burning questions: Responses to fire by partners $3,740 in a complex ant–plant symbiosis

Total Awards $41,548

Julissa Melissa Churata Salcedo

22 Museum of Comparative Zoology GRANTS

Tauana Cunha Tauana Putnam Expedition Grants Putnam Expedition Grants are intended to support MCZ faculty-curators, postdoctoral fellows and graduate students in collecting specimens and data relating to the study of comparative zoology. Priority is given to projects that collect living specimens in regions where habitats are threatened or fossil specimens in regions most likely to hold important clues for unraveling evolutionary strategies. These grants are made possible by a gift from Mr. George Putnam Jr., AB 1949 and MBA 1951, and Mrs. Nancy Putnam.

Recipient MCZ Department/ Project Title Amount Faculty Sponsor Richard Childers Entomology/Naomi Ants and associated myrmecophiles of East $8,699 Pierce African acacias Flavia Termignoni Garcia Termignoni Flavia Shahan Derkarabetian Invertebrate Zoology/ Genomics of phenotypic convergence: $7,030 Gonzalo Giribet Evolution of limb loss in squamates Scott Edwards Ornithology Chromosomal evolution in Australian $6,105 honeyeaters (Aves: Meliphagidae) Sang Il Kim Entomology/Brian Systematics of Anoplophora longhorn $9,000 Farrell beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and their genomic basis of adaptation to the temperate zone Juan Moles Invertebrate Zoology/ Exploring Maldives sea diversity $9,240 Gonzalo Giribet Cunha Tauana Javier Ortega- Invertebrate A new early Cambrian Burgess Shale–type $10,860 Hernández Paleontology fossil biota from shallow marine waters Flavia Termignoni Ornithology/Scott Genomics and neurobiology of cooperative $5,508 Garcia Edwards breeding in birds Zhengyang Wang Entomology/Naomi Co-diversification of entomophagous fungi $9,570 Pierce and their lepidopteran hosts: Surveying “mummified caterpillars” of the Himalayan and Hengduan mountains

Total Awards $66,012 Shahan Derkarabetian Luca Saponari Luca Saponari Juan Moles and Tauana Cunha Tauana Cunha

Annual Report 2018 . 2019 23 GRANTS

Ernst Mayr Travel Grants in Animal Systematics Ernst Mayr Grants support travel for research in animal systematics and are open to the scientific community worldwide. The principal objective of these grants is to stimulate taxonomic work on neglected taxa and/or poorly described species. Ernst Mayr Grants typically facilitate visits to institutional collections, with preference given to research that uses MCZ’s collections. These grants are made possible by a gift from professor and former MCZ Director Ernst Mayr.

Recipient Institutional Project Title Amount Affiliation Carlos Calderón Aguilera Federico Alejandro CCT-CONICET, Study of type specimens of $1,380 Omar Valencia Méndez Agrain Argentina Cryptocephalinae: Aiding current systematics and phylogenetic works (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Jeffry A. Ardila- Universidad Nacional Systematics of the mantidfly subfamily $1,500 Camacho Autónoma de México Symphrasinae (Neuroptera: Mantispidae) Nelson Buainain Neto Instituto Nacional Phylogenomics and species limits in two $1,500 de Pesquisas da Oscine (Aves: Passeri) genera Amazônia Alexandre Casadei Universidade Federal of the hyperdiverse ant $1,500 Ferreira do Paraná, Brazil Pheidole (: Formicidae: Myrmicinae) in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Julissa Melissa Churata Universidade Federal Phylogeny of Chnoodini Mulsant, 1850 $1,500 Salcedo do Paraná, Brazil (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae, Coccinellinae) Victor Manuel Conde El Colegio de la Revision of type and non-type materials $1,500 Vela Frontera Sur, Unidad of the family Nereididae Chetumal (Annelida: Polychaeta) Mario J. Cupello Universidade Federal Unrevealing the megadiversity of an adaptive $1,500 do Paraná, Brazil radiation: Systematics of the New World Olivier Montreuil dung genus Ateuchus Weber, 1801 Mario Cupello (Coleoptera: : : ) Hayden R. Davis Villanova University Uncovering the hidden diversity of in $1,385 the gecko genus Cyrtodactylus Valeria Gabbanelli Instituto de Taxonomy of Southwest Atlantic longnose $1,000 Investigaciones skates Marinas y Costeras, CONICET Nayeli Gutierrez Trejo American Museum of Revision of the genus Tetraopes Dalman in $1,000 Dagmara Żyła Dagmara Natural History Schoenherr (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) Nicolas A. Hazzi The George Taxonomic revision and distribution of $1,400 Washington University wandering (Araneae: Ctenidae) in Costa Rica Richard A. B. Leschen Landcare Research Australasian Elmidae $1,500 Thiago Mahlmann National Institute of Systematics of Ceratina (Calloceratina) $1,500 Amazonian Research Cockerell, 1924, and its phylogenetic position within Ceratina in the New World (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae) Carlos Alberto Martínez University of Turku, Revision of Hispaniolan Scolopendromorpha $1,200 Muñoz Finland David B. Muniz Universidade Federal Review of (Trypargilum) species do Paraná, Brazil occurring in Brazil (Hymenoptera, , $1,500 ) Jill T. Oberski University of New World ants of the genus Dorymyrmex: A California, Davis systematic revision $1,250 Sangeet Lamichhaney

24 Museum of Comparative Zoology GRANTS

Recipient Institutional Project Title Amount Affiliation Janakiraman Poorani ICAR–National Examination and imaging of Coccinellidae types $1,500 Research Centre for Banana Tania Pineda Enriquez University of Florida Diversity and evolution of brittle stars across $1,500 the world ocean: Revisionary systematics of ophiolepidids Tiago R. Simões MCZ Taxonomy, ontogeny and phylogeny of early $1,500 rhynchocephalians

Alexandra Tokareva Saint Petersburg Taxonomy of the neglected mycophagous rove $1,500 Xavier-Filho Felipe Francisco University beetle subfamily Oxyporinae Erichson, 1839 Thiago Mahlmann (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) Omar Valencia-Méndez Universidad Marine and coastal gobies (Teleostei: Gobiidae) $1,500 Autónoma from Eastern Tropical Pacific: A systematic Metropolitana, revision Mexico City Dagmara Żyła Iowa State University Generic revision of Lathrobiini (Paederinae) and $1,500 and University of Xantholinini () rove beetles Gdańsk

Total Awards $31,115

Robert G. Goelet Research Awards Goelet Awards support MCZ graduate student research projects. These grants are made

possible through a gift from Mr. Robert G. Goelet. Royle Samantha

Recipient Department/ Project Title Amount Faculty Sponsor Jennifer Austiff Herpetology/James Embryology: Concepts and techniques in $3,000 Hanken modern developmental biology

Gustavo Bravo Ornithology/Scott Gordon Research seminar on ecological and $240 Edwards evolutionary genomics Daren Card Ornithology/Scott Gordon Research seminar on ecological and $240 Edwards evolutionary genomics Nathaniel Edelman OEB/James Mallet Gordon Research seminar on ecological and $240 evolutionary genomics Sangeet Lamichhaney Ornithology/Scott Gordon Research seminar on ecological and $240 Edwards evolutionary genomics

Sofia Prado-Irwin Ornithology/Scott Gordon Research seminar on ecological and $240 Nayeli Gutierrez Edwards evolutionary genomics Samantha Royle Herpetology/James Cell and developmental biology of Xenopus: $2,460 Hanken Gene discovery and disease Tianzhu Xiong OEB/James Mallet Deciphering the divergence-with-gene-flow $1,825 pattern in several swallowtail from the Hengduan Mountains (SW China) Guillem Ylla Nou OEB/Cassandra Gordon Research seminar on ecological and $240 Extavour evolutionary genomics

Total Awards $8,725 Nayeli Gutierrez Nayeli

Annual Report 2018 . 2019 25 Publications in 2018

• Ahn AN, Konow N, Tijs C, Biewener AA (2018) response to disturbance in a social . Nat Different segments within vertebrate muscles can Commun 9:1201 operate on different regions of their force-length relationships. Int Comp Biol 58:219-231 • Crall JD, Switzer CM, Oppenheimer RL, Ford- Versypt A, Dey B, Brown A, Eyster M, Guérin • Ankhelyi M, Wainwright DK, Lauder GV (2018) C, Pierce NE, Combes SA, de Bivort BL (2018) Diversity of dermal denticle structure in sharks: Chronic neonicotinoid exposure disrupts Skin surface roughness and three-dimensional bumblebee nest behavior, social networks, and morphology. J Morphol 279:1132-1154 thermoregulation. Science 362:683-386 • Antonelli A, Ariza M, Albert J, Andermann T, • Crompton AW, Musinsky C, Rougier GW, Bhullar Azevedo J, Bacon C, Faurby S, Guedes T, Hoorn C, B-AS, Miyamae JA (2018) Origin of the lateral wall and 11 more authors including Edwards SV (2018) of the mammalian skull: Fossils, monotremes and Conceptual and empirical advances in Neotropical therians revisited. J Mammal Evol 25:301-313 biodiversity research. PeerJ 6:e5644 James Hanken was consulting • Daza JD, Bauer AM, Stanley EL, Bolet A, Dickson editor for Animal: Exploring the • Biewener AA (2018) Animal locomotion: Near- B, Losos JB (2018) An enigmatic miniaturized and Zoological World. ground low-cost flights.Curr Biol 28:R1348-1349 attenuate whole from the Mid-Cretaceous amber of Myanmar. Breviora 563:1-18 • Biewener AA (2018) Evolutionary race as predators hunt prey. News & Views. Nature • De-la-Mora M, Piñero D, Oyama K, Farrell BD, 554:176-178 Magallón S, Núñez-Farfán J (2018) Evolution of Trichobaris () in relation to host • Bisch G, Neuvonen MM, Pierce NE, Russell JA, plants: Geometric morphometrics, phylogeny and Koga R, Sanders JG, Łukasik P, Andersson SGE phylogeography. Mol Phylogenet Evol 124:37-49 (2018) Genome evolution of Bartonellaceae symbionts of ants at the opposite ends of the • Delaney EK, Hoekstra HE (2018) Sexual trophic scale. Genome Biol Evo 10:1687-1704 imprinting and speciation in two Peromyscus species. Evolution 72:274-287 • Bittleston LS, Wolock CJ, Yahya BE, Chan XY, Chan KG, Pierce NE, Pringle A (2018) Convergence • Domel AG, Domel G, Weaver J, Saadat M, between the microcosms of Southeast Asian and Bertoldi K, Lauder GV (2018) Hydrodynamic North American pitcher plants. eLife 7:e36741 properties of biomimetic shark skin: Effect of denticle size and swimming speed. Bioinspir • Bonaparte JF, Crompton AW (2018) Origin Biomim 13:056014 and relationships of the Ictidosauria to non- mammalian cynodonts and mammals. Hist Biol • Domel AG, Saadat M, Weaver J, Haj-Hariri H, Research by Tiago R. Simões 30:174-182 Bertoldi K, Lauder GV (2018) Shark denticle- and colleagues on the origin of inspired designs for improved aerodynamics. squamates was featured on the • Boyle JH, Martins DJ, Peleaz J, Musili PM, Kibet J Royal Soc Interface 15:20170828 cover of Nature. S, Ndung’u KN, Kenfack D, Pierce NE (2018) Polygyny cannot explain the superior competitive • Espeland M, Breinholt J, Willmott KR, Warren Volume 20, Number 3-4 | May/August 2018 ability of dominant ant associates in the African AD, Vila R, Toussaint EFA, Maunsell SC, Kwaku EVOLUTION ant plant Acacia (Vachellia) drepanolobium. Ecol A-P, Talavera G, Eastwood R, Jarzyna M, Ries L, DEVELOPMENT Evol 8:1441-1450 Guralinick R, Lohman DJ, Pierce NE, Kawahara AY (2018) Comprehensive higher-level phylogeny of • Campbell-Staton SC, Bare A, Losos JB, Edwards VOLUME 20, NUMBER 3-4 • MAY/AUGUST 2018 butterflies (Papilionoidea) inferred from genomic SV, Cheviron ZA (2018) Physiological and data. Curr Biol 28:770-778 regulatory underpinnings of geographic variation in reptilian cold tolerance across a latitudinal cline. • Ezaz T, Edwards SV (2019) Editorial: Evolutionary Mol Ecol 27:2243-2255 feedbacks between population biology and genome architecture. Front Genet 9:329 • Chavarría-Arellano ML, Simões TR, Montellano-

PAGES 89–128 Ballesteros M (2018) New data on the Late • Fernández R, Edgecombe GD, Giribet G (2018) Cretaceous lizard Dicothodon bajaensis Phylogenomics illuminates the backbone of the (, Borioteiioidea) from Baja California, Tree of Life and reconciles morphological Mexico, reveals an unusual tooth replacement and molecular phylogenies. Sci Rep 8:83 pattern in squamates. An Acad Bras Cienc EDE_20(3-4)_Cover4_1 .indd 1 05/07/18 10:58 am 90:2781-2795 • Fernández R, Kallal RJ, Dimitrov D, Ballesteros The cover story highlighted JA, Arnedo MA, Giribet G, Hormiga G (2018) research on early limb • Clifton GT, Biewener AA (2018) Foot-propelled Phylogenomics, diversification dynamics, and patterning in the direct- developing salamander swimming kinematics and turning strategies in comparative transcriptomics across the Tree Plethodon cinereus by James common loons. J Exp Biol 221:1-11 of Life. Curr Biol 28:1489-1497 Hanken and colleagues. • Crall JD, Kocher S, Oppenheimer RL, Gravish N, • Fisher HS, Hook K, Weber WD, Hoekstra HE Mountcastle AM, Pierce NE, Combes SA (2018) (2018) Sibling rivalry: Males with more brothers Spatial fidelity of workers predicts collective develop larger testes. Ecol Evol 8:8197-8203

26 Museum of Comparative Zoology MCZ PUBLICATIONS

• Fu DJ, Ortega-Hernández J, Daley AC, Introduction to Animal: Exploring the (Cerambycidae: ) in the New and Publications in 2018 Zhang ZL, Shu D (2018) Anamorphic Zoological World. Phaidon Publishers: Old Worlds. Mol Phylogenet Evol 125:163-176 development and extended parental care London in a 520-million-year-old stem-group • Kerney RR, Hanken J, Blackburn DC euarthropod from China. BMC Evol Biol • Hautier L, Oliver JD, Pierce SE (2018) An (2018) Early limb patterning in the direct- 18:147 overview of Xenarthran developmental developing salamander Plethodon cinereus studies with a focus on the development of revealed by sox9 and col2a1. Evol Dev • Gainett G, Sharma PP, Giribet G, Willemart the Xenarthrous vertebrae. J Mammal Evol 20:100-107 RH (2018). Putative adhesive setae on the 25:507-523 walking legs of the Paleotropical harvestman • Kocher SD, Mallarino R, Rubin BER, Yu Metibalonius sp. (Arachnida: : • Hoover B, Alcaide M, Jennings S, Sin SYW, DW, Hoekstra HE, Pierce NE (2018) The Podoctidae). J Arachnol 46:62-68 Edwards SV, Nevitt GA (2018) Ecology genetic basis of a social polymorphism in can inform genetics: Disassortative mating halictid bees. Nat Commun 9:4388 • Gainett G, Sharma PP, Giribet G, contributes to MHC polymorphism in Willemart RH (2018) The sensory Leach's storm-petrels (Oceanodroma • Lai A, Arnold AS, Biewener AA, Dick TJM, equipment of a sandokanid: An extreme leucorhoa). Mol Ecol 27:3371-3385 Wakeling JM (2018) Does a two-element case of tarsal reduction in harvestmen muscle model offer advantages when (Arachnida, Opiliones, ). J • Hu Y, Sanders JG, Łukasik P, D’Amelio estimating ankle plantar flexor forces during Morphol 279:1206-1223 K, Millar JS, Vann DR, Lan Y, Newton JA, human cycling? J Biomech 68:6-13 Schotanus M, Kronauer DJC, Pierce NE, • Gilbert KJ, Nitta JH, Talavera G, Pierce Moreau CS, Wertz JT, Engel P, Russell JA • Lai A, Biewener AA, Wakeling JM (2018) NE (2018) Keeping an eye on coloration: (2018) Herbivorous ants obtain Metabolic cost underlies task-dependent Ecological correlates of the evolution essential nutrients from a conserved variations in motor unit recruitment. J Roy of pitcher traits in the genus Nepenthes nitrogen-recycling gut microbiome. Nat Soc Interface 15:20180541 (Caryophyllales). Biol J Linnean Soc Commun 9:964 • Lai PH, Biewener AA, Pierce SE (2018) 123:321-337 • Hua C, Salzman S, Pierce NE (2018) A Three-dimensional mobility and muscle • Giribet G (2018) Current views on first record ofAnatrachyntis badia (Hodges attachments in the pectoral limb of the chelicerate phylogeny—A tribute to Peter 1962) (Lepidoptera: ) on Triassic cynodont Massetognathus pascuali Weygoldt. Zool Anz 273:7-13 Zamia integrifolia (Zamiaceae). Fla Entomol (Romer, 1967). J Anat 232:383-406 101:335-338 • Giribet G (2018) Phylogenomics resolves • Lamichhaney S, Han F, Webster MT, the evolutionary chronicle of our squirting • Huang D, Hormiga G, Xia F, Cai C, Yin Z, Andersson L, Grant BR, Grant PR (2018) closest relatives. BMC Biol 16:49 Su Y, Giribet G (2018) Origin of spiders Rapid hybrid speciation in Darwin’s finches. and their spinning organs illuminated by Science 359:224-228 • Giribet G, Buckman-Young RS, Sampaio mid-Cretaceous amber fossils. Nat Ecol Evol • Larson JG, Zimkus BM (2018) Preliminary Costa C, Baker CM, Benavides LR, 2:623-627 Branstetter MG, Daniels SR, Pinto-da-Rocha assessment of the frog assemblages from R (2018) The Peripatos‘ ’ in Eurogondwana? • Jones KE, Angielczyk KD, Polly PD, Head sites adjacent to three national Parks in —Lack of evidence that southeast Asian JJ, Fernandez V, Lungmus JK, Tulga S, Gabon. Herpetol Conserv Bio 13:240-256 onychophorans walked through Europe. Pierce SE (2018) Fossils reveal the complex • Laumer CE, Gruber-Vodicka H, Hadfield Invertebr Syst 32:842-865 evolutionary history of the mammalian MG, Pearse VB, Riesgo A, Marioni JC, regionalized spine. Science 361:1249-1252 • Goncalves GL, Masestri R, Moreira GRP, Giribet G (2018) Support for a clade of Jacobi MAM, Freitas TRO, Hoekstra HE • Jones KE, Benitez L, Angielczyk KD, Pierce Placozoa and in genes with minimal (2018) Divergent genetic mechanisms SE (2018) Adaptation and constraint in the compositional bias. eLife 7:e36278 lead to spiny hair in mammals. PLoS One evolution of the mammalian backbone. BMC • Lerosey-Aubril R, Gaines R, Hegna TA, 13:e0202219 Evol Biol 18:172 Ortega-Hernández J, Van Roy P, Kier C, • Gravish N, Lauder GV (2018) Robotics- • Kallal RJ, Fernández R, Giribet G, Hormiga Bonino E (2018) The Weeks Formation inspired biology. J Exp Biol 221:jeb.138438 G (2018) A phylotranscriptomic backbone Konservat-Lagerstätte and the evolutionary of the orb-weaving spider family Araneidae transition of Cambrian marine life. J Geol Soc • Haddad S, Shin S, Lemmon AR, Lemmon (Arachnida, Araneae) supported by multiple 175:705-715 EM, Svacha P, Farrell BD, Ślipinski A, methodological approaches. Mol Phylogenet • Lewarch CL, Hoekstra HE (2018) The Windsor D, McKenna DD (2018) Anchored Evol 126:129-140 hybrid enrichment provides new insights evolution of nesting behavior in Peromyscus into the phylogeny and evolution of • Kawahara AY, Breinholt JW, Espeland M, mice. Anim Behav 139:103-115 longhorned beetles (Cerambycidae). Syst Storer C, Plotkin D, Dexter KM, Toussaint • Lewin HA, Robinson GE, Kress WJ, Baker Entomol 43:68-89 EFA, St Laurent RA, Brehm G, Vargas S, WJ, Coddington J, Crandall KA, Durbin Forero D, Pierce NE, Lohman DJ (2018) • Haney CH, Wiesmann CL, Shapiro LR, R, Edwards SV, Forest F, Gilbert MTP, Phylogenetics of -like butterflies et al (2018) Earth BioGenome Project: O’Sullivan LR, Khorasani S, Melnyk RA, (Papilionoidea: Hedylidae) based on a new Xiao L, Han J, Bush J, Carrillo J, Pierce NE, Sequencing life for the future of life. Proc 13-locus target capture probe set. Mol Natl Acad Sci USA 115:4325-4333 Ausubel FM (2018) Rhizosphere-associated Phylogenet Evol 127:600-605 Pseudomonas induce systemic resistance to • Lewis Z, Dorantes J, Hanken J (2018) herbivores at the cost of susceptibility to • Kim SI, de Medeiros BAS, Byun B-K, Lee Expression of a novel surfactant protein gene bacterial pathogens. Mol Ecol 27:1833-1847 S, Kang J-H, Lee B, Farrell BD (2018) West is associated with sites of extrapulmonary meets East: How do rainforest beetles • Hanken J (2018) The art of life: Depicting respiration in a lungless salamander. Proc R become circum-Pacific? Evolutionary origin Soc B 285:20181589 the wonder and beauty of animals. of and allied species Annual Report 2018 . 2019 27 MCZ PUBLICATIONS

• de Medeiros BAS, Farrell BD (2018) from Western Australia (Onychophora: • Strand M, Norenburg J, Alfaya JE, Whole-genome amplification in double- Peripatopsidae: Kumbadjena). Invertebr Syst Fernández-Álvarez FÁ, Andersson HS, digest RADseq results in adequate libraries 32:1249-1264 Andrade SCS, Bartolomaeus T, Beckers P, and but fewer sequenced loci. PeerJP 6:e5089 25 more authors including Giribet G (2018). • Schär S, Eastwood R, Arnaldi KG, Talavera Nemertean taxonomy—Implementing • Molnar JL, Diogo R, Hutchinson JR, Pierce G, Kaliszewska ZA, Boyle JH, Espeland M, changes in the higher ranks, dismissing SE (2018) Evolution of hindlimb muscle Nash DR, Vila R, Pierce NE (2018) Ecological and . Zool Scr 48:118-119 anatomy across the water-to- specialization is associated with genetic land transition, including comparisons structure. Proc R Soc B 285:20181158 • Tang Q, Edwards SV, Rheindt FE (2018) with forelimb anatomy. Anat Rec 10.1002/ Rapid diversification and hybridization have ar.23997 • Schmitt CJ, Cook JA, Zamudio KR, shaped the dynamic history of the genus Edwards SV (2018) Museum specimens Elaenia. Mol Phylogenet Evol 127:522-533 • Molnar JM, Diogo R, Hutchinson JR, of terrestrial vertebrates are sensitive Pierce SE (2018) Reconstructing pectoral indicators of environmental change in • Toussaint EFA, Breinholt JW, Earl C, appendicular muscle anatomy in fossil the Anthropocene. Philos Trans R Soc B Warren AD, Brower JVZ, Yago M, Dexter fish and over the fins-to-limbs 374:20170387 KM, Espeland M, Pierce NE, Lohman transition. Biol Rev 93:1077-1107 DJ, Kawahara AW (2018) Anchored • Schwentner M, Giribet G (2018) phylogenomics illuminates the skipper • Ortega-Hernández J, Fu DJ, Zhang XL, Phylogeography, species delimitation and tree of life.BMC Evol Biol Shu D (2018) Gut glands illuminate trunk population structure of a Western Australian 18:101-112 segmentation in Cambrian fuxianhuiids. short-range endemic harvestman Curr Biol 28:R135-R147 (Arachnida: Opiliones: Pettalidae: • Wainwright DK, Ingersoll S, Lauder GV Karripurcellia). Evol Syst 2:81-87 (2018) Scale morphology in bigeye tuna • Ortega-Hernández J, Yang J, Zhang XG (Thunnus obesus): Fat-filled trabecular (2018) Fuxianhuiids. Curr Biol 28:R724-R725 • Schwentner M, Richter S, Rogers DC, scales made of cellular bone. J Morphol Giribet G (2018) Tetraconatan phylogeny 279:828-840 • Parker AK, McHorse BK, Pierce SE (2018) with special focus on Malacostraca and Niche modeling reveals lack of broad-scale Branchiopoda: Highlighting the strength of • Wainwright DK, Lauder GV (2018) Mucus habitat partitioning in extinct horses of taxon-specific matrices in phylogenomics. matters: The slippery and complex surfaces North America. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Proc R Soc B 285:20181524 of fish. InFunctional Surfaces in Biology III Palaeoecol 511:103-118 (Gorb E, Gorb S ed) Springer Verlag: Berlin • Shapiro LR, Paulson JN, Arnold BJ, Scully • Perry BW, Card DC, McGlothlin JW, ED, Zhaxybayeva O, Pierce NE, Rocha J, • Wen L, Ren Z, Di Santo V, Kainan Pasquesi GIM, Adams RH, Schield DR, Hales Klepac-Ceraj V, Holton K, Kolter R (2018) H, Tao Y, Wang T, Lauder GV (2018) NR, and 26 other authors including Edwards An introduced crop plant is driving Understanding fish linear acceleration SV (2019) Molecular adaptations for sensing diversification of the virulent bacteria using an undulatory bio-robotic model and securing prey and insight into amniote Erwinia tracheiphila. mBio 9:e01307-18 with soft fluidic elastomer actuated genome diversity from the garter snake morphing median fins.Soft Robot genome. Genome Biol Evol 10:2110-2129 • Sharma PP, Baker C, Cosgrove JG, Johnson 5:375-388 J, Oberski J, Raven R, Harvey MS, Boyer SL, • Pfeifer SP, Laurent S, Sousa VC, Linnen CR, Giribet G (2018) A revised dated phylogeny • Worsaae K, Giribet G, Martínez A (2018) Foll M, Excoffier L,Hoekstra HE, Jensen JD of : Phylogenomic support for The role of progenesis in the diversification (2018) The evolutionary history of Nebraska ancient divergence of the temperate of the interstitial annelid lineage deer mice: Local adaptation in the face of Gondwanan family Bothriuridae. Mol Psammodrilidae. Invertebr Syst 32:774-793 strong gene flow.Mol Biol Evol 35:792-806 Phylogenet Evol 122:37-45 • Wu S, Edwards SV, Liu L (2018) Genome- • Regnault S, Pierce SE (2018) Pectoral girdle • Shin S, Clarke DJ, Lemmon AR, Lemmon scale DNA sequence data and the and forelimb musculoskeletal function EM, Aitken AL, Haddad S, Farrell BD, evolutionary history of placental mammals. in the echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus): Marvaldi AE, Oberprieler RG, McKenna Data Brief 18:1972-1975 Insights into mammalian locomotor DD (2018) Phylogenomic data yield new evolution. R Soc Open Sci 5:181400 and robust insights into the phylogeny • Xing L, Caldwell MW, Chen R, Nydam RL, Palci A, Simões TR, McKellar RC, Lee • Ricci L, Srivastava M (2018) Wound- and evolution of . Mol Biol Evol 35:823-836 MSY, Liu Y, Shi H, Wang K, Bai M (2018) induced cell proliferation during animal A mid-Cretaceous embryonic-to-neonate regeneration. WIREs Dev Biol 7:e321 • Simões TR, Caldwell MW, Tałanda snake in amber from Myanmar. Sci Adv • Rubin BE, Sanders JG, Turner M, Pierce M, Bernardi M, Palci A, Vernygora O, 4:eaat5042 NE, Kocher SD (2018) Social behavior in Bernardini F, Mancini L, Nydam RL (2018) The origin of squamates revealed by a • Yang J, Ortega-Hernández J, Legg DA, Lan bees influences the abundance ofSodalis T, Hou J-b, Zhang X-g (2018) Early Cambrian (Enterobacteriaceae) symbionts. R Soc Open Middle Triassic lizard from the Italian Alps. Nature 557:706-709 fuxianhuiids from China reveal origin of the Sci 5:180369 gnathobasic protopodite in euarthropods. • Salzman S, Whitaker M, Pierce NE (2018) • Simões TR, Caldwell MW, Tałanda Nat Commun 9:470 M, Bernardi M, Palci A, Vernygora O, Cycad-feeding insects share a core gut • Zimkus BM, Hassapakis CL, Houck ML microbiome. Biol J Linn Soc 123:728-738 Bernardini F, Mancini L, Nydam RL (2018) X-ray computed microtomography of (2018) Integrating current methods for the • Sato S, Buckman-Young RS, Harvey MS, Megachirella wachtleri. Sci Data 5:180244 preservation of genetic resources Giribet G (2018) Cryptic speciation in a and viable tissues to achieve best practices biodiversity hotspot: Multi-locus molecular • Srivastava M (2018) Killing two birds with for species conservation. Amphib Reptile data reveal new velvet worm species one cell. Dev Cell 47:529-531 Conserv 12:1-27

28 Museum of Comparative Zoology Financial Data

These charts describe the income and expenses of the Museum of Comparative Zoology in fiscal year 2019.

Endowment income funds much of the Museum’s Accumulation of Restricted Reserves indicates net activities, such as acquisition and maintenance of growth of balances in highly restricted gifts and collections, faculty and staff salaries, capital projects, endowments. Building expenses such as maintenance, facilities renovation and maintenance. It includes facility improvements and utilities are captured the annual distribution (payout) and endowed funds in the Space & Occupancy category. Operating decapitalized per donor request. Transfers include Expenses consist of equipment purchases, supplies, financial support for the Ernst Mayr Library and other and consultant and conference fees, as well as annual Harvard-funded projects. Other Income comprises subventions to the Department of Organismic and miscellaneous income from publication subscriptions, Evolutionary Biology (OEB) for administrative services royalties, sales and fees, and cost recovery from and MCZ support for faculty-curator research. Support other MCZ-sponsored activities. Overhead is funds for MCZ-affiliated graduate students in OEB is included paid from sponsored projects to cover associated in Scholarships, Awards & Travel. Institutional facilities and administrative costs. It is shown as both Expenses are support for other University activities income (Overhead Earned) and expenses (Overhead outside the MCZ, including FAS and University Charged). Draw on Unrestricted Reserves indicates initiatives and general operating support to the Harvard unrestricted fund balances utilized to fund operations. Museums of Science & Culture.

INCOME EXPENSES & NON-OPERATING FUNDS

Endowment 83% Capitalized Salaries & Fringe Balances <1% Benefits 39%

Overhead Charged 2%

Scholarships, Awards & Travel 4%

Other Income Federal Operating <1% Space & Sponsored Occupancy Expenses Gifts 1.5% Revenue 7% 16% 22%

Nonfederal Draw on Sponsored Overhead Transfers Unrestricted Institutional Revenue 1% Earned 2% 2% Reserves 3% Expenses 17%

Income Expenses Endowment $16,565,294 Salaries & Fringe Benefits $7,658,953 Federal Sponsored Revenue $1,314,674 Operating Expenses $4,207,614 Draw on Unrestricted Reserves $679,739 Institutional Expenses $3,245,348 Overhead Earned $456,280 Space & Occupancy $3,088,728 Transfers $383,183 Scholarships, Awards & Travel $744,760 Gifts $294,699 Overhead Charged $456,280 Nonfederal Sponsored Revenue $171,292 Capitalized Balances $25,272 Other Income $168,732 Capital Projects — Accumulation of Restricted Reserves ($606,938) Total $19,426,955 Total $19,426,955

Annual Report 2018 . 2019 29 Personnel

Faculty-Curators Edward O. Wilson Nicholas Jourjine Honorary Curator in Entomology; Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Andrew A. Biewener University Research Professor, Emeritus Charles P. Lyman Professor of Biology; Robert Kambic Director, Concord Field Station Robert M. Woollacott Vertebrate Paleontology, S. Pierce Lab Professor of Biology, Emeritus Scott V. Edwards Albert Kao Professor of Organismic & Evolutionary Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Biology; Alexander Agassiz Professor of Postdoctoral Fellows, Research Andreas Kautt Zoology; Curator of Ornithology Associates & Visiting Scholars Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Brian D. Farrell Simon Baeckens Melissa Kemp Professor of Organismic & Evolutionary Herpetology, Losos Lab Herpetology, Losos Lab Biology; Monique & Philip Lehner Christopher Baker Professor for the Study of Latin America; Sangeet Lamichhaney Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Curator of Entomology; Director, David Ornithology, Edwards Lab Rockefeller Center for Latin American Leandro Becker Oriol Lapiedra Gonzalez Studies; Faculty Dean, Leverett House Ornithology, Edwards Lab Herpetology, Losos Lab Gonzalo Giribet Ligia Benavides Silva Rudy Lerosey Professor of Organismic & Evolutionary Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Invertebrate Paleontology, Ortega- Biology; Alexander Agassiz Professor Dan Bock Hernández Lab of Zoology; Harvard College Professor; Herpetology, Losos Lab Curator of Invertebrate Zoology Yuanheng Li D. Marcela Bolaños Entomology, N. Pierce Lab James Hanken Invertebrate Zoology, Srivastava Lab Professor of Biology; Alexander Agassiz Gang Liu Professor of Zoology; Curator of Gustavo Bravo Ornithology, Edwards Lab Herpetology; Director, MCZ Ornithology, Edwards Lab Yi-Jyun Luo Hopi E. Hoekstra Daren Card Invertebrate Zoology, Srivastava Lab Professor of Organismic & Evolutionary Ornithology, Edwards Lab Pierre-Jean Malé Biology; Professor of Molecular & Marina Cheng Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Cellular Biology; Alexander Agassiz Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Professor of Zoology; Curator of Rafael Marcondes Mammalogy; Howard Hughes Medical Shahan Derkarabetian Ornithology, Edwards Lab Institute Investigator; Harvard College Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Sarah Maunsell Professor Valentina Di Santo Entomology, N. Pierce Lab George V. Lauder Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Bruno Souza de Medeiros Professor of Biology; Henry Bryant Terry Dial Entomology, Farrell Lab Bigelow Professor of Ichthyology; Curator Ichthyology, Lauder Lab of Ichthyology Juan Moles Lu Dong Entomology, Giribet Lab James J. McCarthy Ornithology, Edwards Lab Professor of Biological Oceanography; Renata Moretti Alexander Agassiz Professor of Biological Colin Donihue Herpetology, Losos Lab Oceanography; Acting Curator of Herpetology, Losos Lab Andres Moya Simarro Malacology Stacy Farina Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Javier Ortega-Hernández Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Luciano Naka Assistant Professor of Organismic & Molly Gabler Ornithology, Edwards Lab Evolutionary Biology; Curator of Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Invertebrate Paleontology Kathrin Näpflin Andrew Gehrke Ornithology, Edwards Lab Naomi E. Pierce Invertebrate Zoology, Srivastava Lab Sidney A. & John H. Hessel Professor of Altai Carlos Pavon Paneque Biology; Curator of Lepidoptera Anthony Geneva Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Herpetology, Losos Lab Stephanie E. Pierce Sophie Pryal Regnault Thomas D. Cabot Associate Professor Elsa Goerig Vertebrate Paleontology, S. Pierce Lab of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology; Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Lorenzo Ricci Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology Carlos Guerra Schrago Invertebrate Zoology, Srivastava Lab Mansi Srivastava Ornithology, Edwards Lab Mehdi Saadat Assistant Professor of Organismic Aaron Hartmann Ichthyology, Lauder Lab & Evolutionary Biology; Curator of Hrdy Fellow, Giribet Lab Invertebrate Zoology Elizabeth Sibert Brandon Hedrick Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Vertebrate Paleontology, S. Pierce Lab Emeritus Faculty James Sikes Caroline Hu Invertebrate Zoology, Srivastava Lab A. W. “Fuzz” Crompton Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Faculty-Curator, Emeritus; Fisher Tiago R. Simões Professor of Natural History, Emeritus Charlotte Jandér Vertebrate Paleontology, S. Pierce Lab Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Richard C. Lewontin Katherine Stryjewski Professor of Biology, Emeritus; Alexander Katrina Jones Ornithology, Edwards Lab Agassiz Professor of Zoology, Emeritus Vertebrate Paleontology, S. Pierce Lab

30 Museum of Comparative Zoology PERSONNEL Personnel

Gerard Talavera Mor Philip Grayson Kari Taylor-Burt Philip DeVries Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Ornithology, Edwards Lab Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Associate of Entomology University of New Orleans Flavia Termignoni Garcia Emily Hager Kira Treibergs Ornithology, Edwards Lab Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Woollacott Lab Gregory D. Edgecombe Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Dylan Wainwright Robin Thandiackal Michael Brent Hawkins Natural History Museum, England Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Herpetology, Hanken Lab Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Ben Evans Zhengyang Wang João Tonini Alyssa Hernandez Associate of Herpetology Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Entomology, N. Pierce Lab & Entomology, Farrell Lab McMaster University Ornithology, Edwards Lab Rebecca Zane Wolf Eva Hoffman Brooke E. Flammang Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Kelsey Tyssowski Vertebrate Paleontology, S. Pierce Lab Associate of Ichthyology Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Evan Hoki Tyler Brock Wooldridge New Jersey Institute of Technology Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Dylan Wainwright Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Michael Hadfield Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Ryan Hulett Xuemei Zhai Associate of Pengcheng Wang Invertebrate Zoology, Srivastava Lab Biological Oceanography, McCarthy Lab University of Hawaii Ornithology, Edwards Lab Sang Il Kim Berthold Hölldobler Fernanda de Pinho Werneck Entomology, Farrell Lab Associates Associate of Entomology Ornithology, Edwards Lab Arizona State University Julian Kimura Gary Alpert Catherine West Invertebrate Zoology, Srivastava Lab Associate of Entomology Gustavo Hormiga Ornithology, Edwards Lab Harvard University Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Richard Knecht The George Washington University Melissa Whitaker Invertebrate Paleontology, Ortega- Bruce Archibald Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Hernández Lab Associate of Entomology Michael Huben Simon Fraser University Associate of Entomology Joanna Wolfe Vanessa Knutson Independent Researcher Invertebrate Paleontology, Ortega- Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Ruth Hortencia Bastardo Hernández Lab Associate of Entomology Samuel Jaffe Philip Lai Universidad Autónoma de Santo Associate of Entomology Donghao Wu Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab & Domingo Independent Researcher Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Vertebrate Paleontology, S. Pierce Lab Aaron Bauer Alan Kabat Wenqing Ye Mara Laslo Associate of Herpetology Associate of Malacology Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Herpetology, Hanken Lab Villanova University Attorney, Bernabei & Wachtel Tao Xu Caitlin Lewarch Reinier Beeuwkes III Leslie S. Kaufman Ornithology, Edwards Lab Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Associate of the Concord Field Station Associate of Ichthyology Sarah Losso Ischemix, LLC (MA) Boston University Graduate Students Invertebrate Paleontology, Ortega- Andrew Berry Anthony E. Kiszewski Hernández Lab Jennifer Austiff Associate of Population Genetics Associate of Entomology Herpetology, Hanken Lab Inbar Maayan Harvard University Bentley University Felix Baier Herpetology, Losos Lab Elizabeth Brainerd Nicolai Konow Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab David Matthews Associate of Ichthyology Associate of the Concord Field Station Brown University Caitlin Baker Ichthyology, Lauder Lab University of Massachusetts, Lowell Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Brianna McHorse Jae Choe Timothy Laman Associate of Entomology Nicole Bedford Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab & Associate of Ornithology Ewha Womans University Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Vertebrate Paleontology, S. Pierce Lab National Geographic Janet Collett Jasmin Camacho Bruno Souza de Medeiros Phillip Lobel Associate of Population Genetics Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Entomology, Farrell Lab Associate of Ichthyology University of Sussex Boston University Wei-Ping Chan Olivia Meyerson Bruce Collette Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab David Lohman Associate of Ichthyology Associate of Entomology Zachary Morris Richard Childers National Marine Fisheries Service The City College of New York Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Vertebrate Paleontology, S. Pierce Lab David Bruce Conn Vladimir A. Lukhtanov Pavitra Muralidhar Tauana Cunha Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Associate of Entomology Herpetology, Losos Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Berry College Russian Academy of Sciences Sofia Prado-Irwin Blake Dickson James Costa D. Luke Mahler Ornithology, Edwards Lab Vertebrate Paleontology, S. Pierce Lab Associate of Entomology Associate of Herpetology Western Carolina University Alexandria DiGiacomo Samantha Royle University of Toronto Herpetology, Hanken Lab Ornithology, Edwards Lab Catherine Craig James Mallet Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Jacob Gable Shayla Salzman Associate of Population Genetics Conservation through Poverty Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Harvard University Alleviation, International Kadeem Gilbert Shoyo Sato Russell Mittermeier Harlan Dean Entomology, N. Pierce Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Associate of Herpetology Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Conservation International Patrick Gorring Carl Jonathan Schmitt Harvard University Entomology, Farrell Lab Ornithology, Edwards Lab Piotr Naskrecki Associate of Entomology Conservation International

Annual Report 2018 . 2019 31 PERSONNEL

Diane B. Paul Cheryl Wilga Rachel Hawkins Vanessa Poirier Associate of Population Genetics Associate of Ichthyology Curatorial Assistant, Entomology Laboratory Technician, Invertebrate Harvard University University of Rhode Island Zoology Andra Hollis David L. Pawson Judith Winston Staff Assistant, Concord Field Station Bridget Power Associate of Marine Biology Associate of Marine Biology Faculty/Collection Assistant, Kathleen Horton Smithsonian National Museum of Virginia Museum of Natural History Invertebrate Zoology Assistant with Professor Wilson, Natural History Entomology Pedro Ramirez Paulo Petry Research Assistant, Concord Field Staff Jared Hughes Associate of Ichthyology Station Melissa Aja Faculty/Collection Assistant, The Nature Conservancy Museum Projects Coordinator & Interim Herpetology, Invertebrate & Vertebrate Rona Razon Ricardo Pinto da Rocha Managing Editor Paleontology Archivist, Ernst Mayr Library Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Adam Baldinger Nikki Hughes Murat Recevik University of São Paulo Curatorial Associate, Invertebrate Faculty/Collection Assistant, Curatorial Assistant, Malacology R. Graham Reynolds Zoology & Malacology Mammalogy Mark Renczkowski Associate of Herpetology Penny Benson Amie Jones Curatorial Assistant, Invertebrate University of North Carolina, Asheville Curatorial Assistant, Malacology Faculty/Collection Assistant, Entomology Paleontology Michael Rex Eva Biedron Marcia Kazmierczak Constance Rinaldo Associate of Malacology Curatorial Assistant, Vertebrate Staff Assistant, Collections Operations Librarian, Ernst Mayr Library University of Massachusetts, Boston Paleontology Michelle Kennedy Alana Rivera Jessica Rykken Ronnie Broadfoot Collections Information & Database Curatorial Assistant, Collections Associate of Entomology Coordinator of Access Services, Ernst Specialist Operations Harvard University Mayr Library Christopher Kirby José Rosado Carl Schmitt Christopher Capobianco Research Assistant, Hoekstra Lab Curatorial Associate, Herpetology Associate of Ornithology Technician & Preparator, Vertebrate Independent Researcher Paleontology Jeremy Kisala Mary Sears Curatorial Assistant, Collections Head of Public Services, Ernst Mayr Donna Schmitt April Collins Operations Library Associate of Ornithology Acquisitions & Technology Specialist, Independent Researcher Ernst Mayr Library Laura Leibensperger Kaitlin Sheridan Curatorial Assistant, Invertebrate Laboratory Assistant, Invertebrate Çağan H. Şekercioğlu Stefan Cover Zoology Zoology Associate of Ornithology Curatorial Assistant, Entomology University of Utah Lisa Litchfield Nina Sokolov Jessica Cundiff Administrator, Concord Field Station Research Assistant, Mammalogy Andrea Sequeira Curatorial Associate, Invertebrate & Associate of Entomology Vertebrate Paleontology Maggie Lopes Meaghan Sorce Wellesley College Manager of Administrative Operations Curatorial Assistant, Collections Joseph deVeer Operations Steven O. Shattuck Head of Technical Services, Ernst Mayr David Lubertazzi Associate of Entomology Library Research , Entomology Margaret Starvish Faculty/Collection Assistant, Entomology Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Crystal Maier Research Organization (CSIRO) Katherine Eldridge & Ichthyology Curatorial Assistant, Ornithology Curatorial Associate, Entomology Tsuyoshi Takahashi Scott R. Shaw Maddie Marino Charles Farnum Curatorial Assistant, Herpetology & Associate of Entomology Faculty/Collection Assistant, Ornithology University of Wyoming Curatorial Assistant, Entomology Collections Operations Joseph Martinez Stephen Tilley Helene Ferranti Jennifer Thomson Curatorial Assistant, Herpetology Associate of Herpetology Faculty/Collection Assistant, Biological Faculty/Collection Assistant, Population Smith College Oceanography & Marine Biology Patrick McCormack Genetics & Srivastava Lab Curatorial Assistant, Entomology James Traniello Dana Fisher Jennifer Trimble Associate of Entomology Assistant to the Librarian/Special John Mewherter Curatorial Assistant, Invertebrate Boston University Collections, Ernst Mayr Library Curatorial Assistant, Collections Zoology Operations David Wake Linda S. Ford Jeremiah Trimble Associate of Herpetology Director, Collections Operations Elizabeth Meyer Curatorial Associate, Ornithology Project Assistant, Ernst Mayr Library University of California, Berkeley Matthew Gage Diana Turmenne Marvalee Wake Curatorial Assistant & Lab Manager, Paul J. Morris Curatorial Assistant, Collections Associate of Herpetology Hanken Lab Biodiversity Informatics Manager Operations University of California, Berkeley Emily Graham Madeleine Mullon Kenneth Wilcox Philip S. Ward Curatorial Assistant, Collections Curatorial Associate, Mammalogy Building Services Coordinator Operations Associate of Entomology Catherine Musinsky Andrew Williston University of California, Davis Cyrus Green Faculty/Collection Assistant, Curatorial Associate, Ichthyology Jacqueline Webb Curatorial Assistant, Vertebrate Mammalogy Paleontology Jonathan Woodward Associate of Ichthyology Mark Omura Curatorial Assistant, Collections University of Rhode Island Cory Hahn Curatorial Associate, Mammalogy Operations Animal Technician, Herpetology Haven Wiley Melinda Peterson Mark Wright Associate of Ornithology Brendan Haley Research Lab Coordinator, Edwards Lab Research Lab Assistant, Vertebrate University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Senior Database Manager Paleontology

32 Museum of Comparative Zoology PERSONNEL

Robert Young Jyhjong Hwang Zoe Foster Special Collections Librarian, Ernst Mayr Collections Operations Intern Library Kalvin Janik Amy Lorenz Clayton Ziemke Ernst Mayr Library Project Coordinator Curatorial Assistant, Entomology Jackson Kehoe Carly Sanker Breda Zimkus Entomology Designer Cryogenics Collections Manager for Adam Kowalczyk Marie M. Studer The MCZ deeply appreciates Genetic Resources Collections Operations Learning + Education Director the additional support and contributions of numerous Anthony Long Michael Vitale interns and undergraduate Temporary Staff Cryogenics Collections Developer Eliza Alston students during the 2018–2019 Ernst Mayr Library Francisco Matos academic year. Entomology Administration for the Griffin Andres Department of Organismic Ichthyology Patrick McCormack Collections Operations & Entomology & Evolutionary Biology Lila Ardor Belucci Lydia Carmosino Invertebrate Zoology Vic Moore Vertebrate Paleontology Senior Academics Programs Adham Bedir Administrator MCZ Faculty Ernst Mayr Library Madeleine Mullon Mammalogy Rebecca Chetham The MCZ’s charter, signed in Portia Berry-Kilby Executive Director 1859, mandates that the Ernst Mayr Library John Nevins Biological Oceanography Paul Dwyer Museum’s activities will be Emily Blank Mailroom Staff Assistant overseen by a governing Cryogenics Collections Uzochi Nwoko Ernst Mayr Library Jason Fleming board, the Faculty of the Jeffrey Breeze Senior Research Administrator Museum of Comparative Herpetology Christian Perez Zoology. Entomology Christian Flynn Jonathan Clark Administrative Coordinator Mr. Robert G. Goelet Ornithology Erin Polka Malacology Donna Gadbois Mr. George Putnam Jr. William Clark Financial Associate Ernst Mayr Library Emile Radyte Mr. George Putnam III Ernst Mayr Library Diana Gjino Alexandra Collias Senior Research Administrator Dr. Barbara Jil Wu Concord Field Station Carolina Sepulveda Ernst Mayr Library Jason Green Mr. Paul J. Zofnass Chloe-Rose Colombero Financial Associate President Lawrence S. Bacow Ichthyology Lauren Shear Collections Operations Wendy Heywood Brendan Cramphorn Communications & Events Coordinator Entomology Kaitlin Sheridan Invertebrate Zoology Julie Knippa Colby Sheridan Cunningham Associate Director of Finance and Ernst Mayr Library Daniel Stevens Research Administration Collections Operations Walker Darling Megan McHugh Acknowledgements Entomology Dexter Summers Human Resources Coordinator Ichthyology This annual report was Gino Domel Jeremiah (JJ) O’Connor produced by the Office of the Ichthyology Gary Taylor Temporary Financial Analyst Director of the Museum of Concord Field Station Anne Everly Kristin Pennarun Comparative Zoology. Chidambaram Thillairajah Ichthyology Assistant Director of Research Editors Ornithology Administration Cleo Falvey Thao Vu James Hanken, Director Herpetology Christopher Preheim Melissa Aja, Museum Projects Ichthyology Temporary Academic Program Caroline Fleming Coordinator Coordinator Invertebrate Zoology Jalen Winstanley Entomology Keleigh Quinn Copy, Design & Production Jose Flores Senior Research Administrator Ichthyology Mark Wright Cyndi Wood Vertebrate Paleontology Emily Reynolds Creative Project Andrea Garza Erdmann Amy Wu Senior Research Administrator Management, Inc. Ernst Mayr Library creativeprojectmgmt.com Entomology Peg Richards Martha Gavula Financial Assistant Ernst Mayr Library Clayton Ziemke Entomology Damari Rosado Jennifer Goldstein Associate Director of Administration Invertebrate Zoology Encyclopedia of Life Anna Salvato Sarah Gonzalez Learning + Education Group Manager of Financial Operations Invertebrate Paleontology Tracy Barbaro Jane Harrison Project Coordinator Ornithology

Annual Report 2018 . 2019 33 26 Oxford Street Cambridge, MA 02138 617.495.2460 mcz.harvard.edu

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