Application No W/31728
Application Type Full Planning
Proposal & INSTALLATION AND 25 YEAR OPERATION OF TWO WIND Location TURBINES, WITH A TIP HEIGHT OF UP TO 100M, AND ASSOCIATED INFRASTRUCTURE INCLUDING TURBINE FOUNDATIONS, NEW AND UPGRADED TRACKS, CRANE HARDSTANDINGS, SUBSTATION, UPGRADED SITE ENTRANCE AND TEMPORARY CONSTRUCTION COMPOUND (MAJOR DEVELOPMENT) AT LAND NORTH OF ESGAIRLIVING, RHYDCYMERAU, LLANDEILO, CARMS
Applicant(s) ENERGIEKONTOR UK LTD - JUSTIN REID, 4330 PARK APPROACH, THORPE PARK, LEEDS, LS15 8GB
Case Officer Richard Jones
Ward Llanybydder
Date of validation 18/03/2015
CONSULTATIONS
Local Member – County Councillor I W Davies is a member of the planning committee and has made no written representation on this application. He has requested that the application be deferred for a site visit for the reasons outlined in the Appraisal below.
Llanybydder Community Council – The Community Council object on the following grounds:
Proliferation of turbines around Rhydcymerau Adverse impact on landscape – the proposal will harm the Teifi Valley Special Landscape Area and users of the surrounding area. It will be in clear view of hundreds of homes. The proposal would industrialize the skyline. Construction traffic linked to the proposal will pose a risk to the safety of road users and pedestrians. Alterations to the junction of the A485 and B4337 in Llanybydder would cause disruption to businesses and affect the safety of pedestrians and those with disabilities. No grid connection is currently available. Objects to any planning consent being given for the proposed development without a Dry Run first taking place. The Dry Run should not be a planning condition, but should be carried out before any recommendation to Committee.
Additional objections:
General concern regarding the movements of abnormal loads through Llanybydder crossroads (A485/B4333 junction) and disruption that will be caused to pedestrians and other road users during the delivery stage. Land in the community council’s ownership will be over-sailed by the delivery of the proposed turbine blades. A dry-run of the abnormal loads should not be a planning condition and should be carried out before any decision is made on the application. Has the landowner’s permission been sought to remove the bollards outside the shop?
Pencarreg Community Council – object on the following grounds:
The turbines are too high. Does not comply with Policy UT6 Landowner does not live on site. Where is the Electricity grid going to be connected? Outside the Brechfa Wind Farm SSA Nearby an ancient monument - Roman Gaer.
Head of Transport and Engineering – Following the submission of amended blade delivery details through Llanybydder square (junction of A485 and B4333) further consultation has been undertaken with the Head of Transport and Engineering. No objection is raised regarding the over-sail of the blades over Council land subject to no objection from the Council as landowner. The applicant has served a notice on the Council’s Corporate Property section informing them of the turbine blade delivery over- sailing Council land.
In respect of other matters no objection is raised subject to conditions which include a construction management scheme to be submitted for approval prior to development. This must include details of a dry run to be completed before commencement and off-site highway works. The re-instatement of highways works must also be completed. Any amendment or alteration of an existing public highway in connection with a new development shall be undertaken under a Section 278 Agreement of the Highways Act 1980.
Countryside and Recreation Division – The proposal does not affect any public rights of way.
Head of Public Protection – No objection subject to compliance with conditions that restrict the development to set decibel levels.
CSS Spectrum Licensing (Ofcom) – No adverse comments received.
The Joint Radio Company Ltd (JRC) – No potential problems are foreseen.
NATS Safeguarding – No objection raised.
Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) – No adverse comments raised.
Ministry of Defence (MoD) – No objection subject to a standard condition.
Dyfed Archaeological Trust (DAT) – No objection raised subject to an archaeological watching brief secured through a planning condition.
Cadw – Conclude that the proposal will have a negligible impact on scheduled ancient monuments.
Dwr Cymru / Welsh Water – This development does not affect Dwr Cymru/Welsh Water’s telecommunication assets.
Natural Resources Wales (NRW) – Based on the survey information and assessment received in respect of birds (inc. Golden Plover), bats and other protected species, there are no adverse comments on the favourable conservation status of these species.
No significant adverse affects have been concluded in respect of the proposal’s impact upon the Beacon Beacons and historic landscape designations, however, NRW advise to have regard to TAN 8 Annex D Paragraph 8.4, which states that ‘in the rest of Wales outside the SSAs, the implicit objective is to maintain landscape character i.e. no significant change in landscape character from wind turbine development’.
Subject to pollution prevention measures being implemented, both during and after turbine and track construction, NRW do not anticipate there to be an impact on the SSSI habitats at the Cefn Blaenau Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI).
NRW advise that the Council’s Planning Ecologist assess the proposal’s impact upon NERC, UK BAP and Section 42 habitats.
Subject to the above and the conditions advised, NRW raise no objection.
Arqiva (for providing the BBC and ITV’s transmission network) – No objection.
Lampeter Ramblers – Object on the following grounds:
The proposal is outside of the SSA and at 100m are of significant concern due to inevitable visual and noise impact The proposal will seriously spoil the environment around Mynydd Pencarreg which is accessible from Lampeter, Llanybydder and surrounding villages Unacceptable cumulative impacts with the Brechfa Forest wind farms and the proposal at Bryn Dafydd (E/29031) No benefit to the local economy. The proposal will affect those who invest in the local area. The area is extremely close to a Site of Special Scientific Interest and will bound to be a threat to the wildlife and birdlife which exist and thrive there. The noise and disruption to the local population over a significant period of time which the development will demand caused by traffic and heavy loads accessing the site.
Neighbours/Public - The application has been publicised by the posting of Site Notices adjacent to the site and a notice in the press. 200 letters of objection have been submitted and these are summarised below. The majority of these comprise a standard letter which lists the following concerns:-
Proliferation of wind turbines around Rhydcymerau Damage to the outstanding landscape e.g. when viewed from the Teifi Vally Special Landscape Area (SLA) Damaging visual impact – the proposal will have serious adverse impacts when viewed from residential dwellings, public roads and footpaths as well as forest rides used for amenity purposes. Cumulative visual impact – i.e. the 12 turbines consented at Brechfa Forest East (E/24195 refers) and the in-planning single turbine at Bryn Daffydd (E/29031) Damage to the local economy – the development would have a negative impact on tourism and would threaten long term job opportunities and the local economy. Impact on nature conservation – the site is very close to a SSSI which is frequented by protected species of birds and other wildlife. Threat to road safety – the proposed site access is from a much used B-road, close to bends. Adverse effects on living conditions of those living nearby – the turbines will be a source of noise pollution to nearby dwellings, shadow flicker and noise/disruption during the construction phase Lack of strategy outside of strategic search areas (SSAs)
More detail concerns are summarised below:
Harmful impact upon a nearby centre which provides a countryside setting for adults and children with disabilities. Damage to the local highway network by the construction vehicles. Damage to existing peat bogs. The turbines will not comply with British Horse Society’s separation distance guidelines. General concerns regarding the risk the turbines pose to health and safety. The photomontages with the applicant’s documents underestimate the impact of the proposal. The community benefit fund contribution is insignificant compared to the developer’s profits. Impact upon the Special Landscape area next to the site. Impact from concrete upon soil ecosystem Concern that the turbine is within topple distance of telecom lines and within a BT buffer zone. The proposed access track will extend to within a short distance of a watercourse running adjacent to the site and could cause unacceptable flooding and pollution of the watercourse The application does not contain details about how this watercourse will be protected. The micro siting flexibility of 25m would bring the turbine into contact with constraints. Consultation should be carried out with mobile broadband providers’ not fixed link providers. The applicant’s cumulative noise assessment with other turbines is inadequate. The volume of HGV traffic along the A485 and Rhydcymerau road will increase significantly during the construction phase of the proposal by as much as 24 additional HGV movements a day. No details of the cabling that will be required to link the turbines to the sub-station.
No visual assessment made by the applicant of the sub-station or the 1km of new access track being proposed. Contradictory turbine grid references in the application documents. No mitigation to screen the sub-station. No ecological assessment of the sub-station. Several residential properties within 1000m have not been listed by the applicant in the supporting documents. General concern regarding the environmental impact of a 6km electricity grid connection that will be required to connect to the nearest connection point in Lampeter. No wind data submitted by the applicant – without this the applicant can’t evidence or quantify the amount of renewable energy it is capable of producing. The proposal would be against the following LDP policies: GP1, EMP4, EQ4, EQ6, RE1, RE2, TR2, TR3, EP3, SP11, SP14, EP1. Harmful impact on the health of local residents. The adverse effect of infra sound and amplitude modulation. No details of the dimensions of the largest turbine parts nor the size of the vehicles needed to transport them. The ownership of the area proposed for development is unclear. Not clear from the application documents if woodland adjacent to the proposed access track will be removed as part of the development. No details of where construction workers will park or wheel washing facilities. The steep proposed access track rising from the B4337 will result in surface water run-off problems The visibility splay proposed for the site access will not meet highway standards for this road. The application has failed to assess the cumulative impact of the proposal with construction traffic relating to wind farm developments in SSA G. The application if approved will set an undesirable precedent for large turbines outside of the SSA. Lack of passing places along the A485 which will be the delivery route for the turbines. This poses a risk to emergency services travelling to and from the hospital in Carmarthen. Construction traffic will have a harmful effect on the safety of those accessing the primary school in Llanybydder. HGV vehicles used during the construction phase could damage property along the delivery route. Impact upon the safety of horses and horse riders. The noise assessment has not carried out site specific noise survey recording at neighbouring residential properties notably Caermalwas Fach. The applicant has therefore failed to assess the noise impact in accordance with ETSU-R-97. A large body of evidence now exists to suggest that wind turbines disturb sleep and impair health at distances and noise levels that are permitted in most jurisdictions. Possible impact from infrasound which can cause sleep disturbance and other health problems. Bird species such as Buzzard and Grasshopper Warbler nest within 1km of the site and the impact of the turbines on these species has not been assessed or identified by the applicant’s survey work. A dry run should be carried out before the determination of the application so issues such as maximum axel loads along the route can be identified.
The grid connection to the electricity network should be considered as an integral part of this application. The EIA screening request in Appendix 1 of the applicant’s environmental statement refers to turbine 2 being sited 350m away from where it is currently proposed as part of the application documents. Impact upon a local equestrian and saddler business by virtue of the turbines harming the tranquil setting of the trails used by the business. The applicant has not assessed the impact of the proposal upon Biodiversity Action Plan species which include birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles and dragonflies. There is evidence of pre-historic earthworks to the north of the site. Cadw should investigate. Turbines only produce a fraction of their installed capacity making them inefficient. Impact on property values. The development is not a community based wind farm scheme. Lack of assessment of protected species in the vicinity of the site. Application form has been incorrectly completed e.g. Protected and Priority Species not referred to as being harmed or conserved and enhanced. The developer should use the county road for access rather than create a destructive new track which could harm habitats and species. Contamination of groundwater during construction activities. Unsatisfactory assessment of bats in and around the application site. Concern regarding the placing and accuracy of noise monitoring equipment on site and whether this accurately predicts the noise the proposed turbines will emit. The cumulative assessment fails to take account of Bryn Dafydd. More properties should have been included in the background noise assessment. Impact upon Pantycrws some 450m to the north east of Turbine 2. Unacceptable visibility splays at the construction access if it continues to be used after the construction period when the temporary 30mph speed limit is in place. How will the ramp and guard rail be mitigated for at Llanybydder cross roads during the construction period. The impact on the Afon Duar catchment needs to be assessed because much of the proposed construction area drains into this catchment. Has drainage and flood risk been considered for the sub-station Electricity lines – separation distance should be turbine height plus 10%. General concerns regarding the adequacy and reliability of the submitted bat surveys. The access track should be re-routed to avoid damaging the rich habitat within the small stream valley in the southern half of the site, and to avoid the acid flush habitat at the head of this small valley. General concern regarding the adequacy of mitigation and enhancement proposals in the Habitat Management Plan Sub Station – Landscape and visual impact of the sub-station building has not been carried out Impact on a Private water supply.
Additional Objections:
Concern that the turbine blades as indicated on drawing number 289208- 100A1.1 will overhang the delivery trailer by over 6m. Reference has been made to a recent appeal decision in Carmarthenshire (APP/M6825/A/14/2222172) where the
Inspector noted that the delivery details showed a similar blade overhang dimension. The Inspector was not satisfied with these access arrangements and dismissed the appeal on this basis. Concern from the owner of Caermawlas Fach that the turbines have not been adequately assessed from his dwelling and land surrounding his property. Concern regarding infrasound and amplitude modulation. Concern regarding this winter’s rainfall and the affect it may have on machinery and the construction phase.
69 LETTERS OF SUPPORT have been submitted with a large proportion of these appearing as a standard letter of support submitted by multiple third parties.
The proposal will generate clean renewable energy and contribute to the reduction in the use of fossil fuels. The community benefit will be a valuable source of income to the local community during the lifetime of the development. The construction phase of the development will be beneficial to the local economy in terms of jobs created and the use of local services and facilities. The proposed turbines could generate enough electricity to power 2,590 homes per year. The proposal will contribute towards the UK’s renewable energy target of delivering 15% of the UK’s energy consumption from renewable sources by 2020. The proposal will contribute to carbon reduction targets and combat the effects of climate change. Wind energy is one of the cheapest forms of low carbon energy. The proposal will play a part in enabling greater UK energy security. The proposal complies with the National Planning Policy Framework (paras 93, 97 and 98). The proposal is a suitable distance away from residential properties and will also ensure no harmful noise impact. The proposal is outside of a Special Landscape Area.
RELEVANT PLANNING HISTORY
The following previous applications have been received on the application site:-
W/25899 Proposed erection of a 60m high anemometer (met) mast for a temporary period of 18 months Full planning permission 18 April 2012
W/08769 One residential dwelling to serve as family home Withdrawn 24 January 2005
APPRAISAL
The application was reported to Planning Committee on 4th February 2016. Members requested that the application be deferred for a site visit to assess the impact of the delivery route and landscape and visual impact of the proposal. The officer’s report has been updated to include the details that were outlined in the Addendum report and the response of the Head of Transportation and Engineering regarding the revised turbine blade delivery route.
THE SITE
The application site is located approximately 2.2 km north of the village of Rhydcymerau and 2 km west of Wern. Other nearby settlements include Llanybydder (5.5 km) and Lampeter (6.5 km), which are located to the north west of the application site. Other smaller clusters of settlements and farmsteads are located at varying distances from the application site.
The application site comprises two adjacent fields and a thin, linear ‘leg’ to the south of these fields. The two adjacent grassland fields lie along the western side of the head of a small valley and are separated by a post and wire fence. The topography of the application site is varied due to the two main fields being located at the head of a small valley. A stream runs south through the application site parallel to an existing access track that serves the Esgairliving farm holding.
Immediately to the north of the application site lies a small rough grassland field, which is bound by an unnamed local road. Further grassland fields lie immediately to the north, east and south of these two fields. The wider area is predominantly upland grazing agricultural land, comprising open sheep farming agricultural land set within a rural landscape. The surrounding area to the south west comprises the Brechfa Forest commercial forest, which covers an area of approximately 6,500 ha. Members will be aware that permission exists for two large wind farms comprising 28 (Brechfa Forest West) and 12 turbines (Brechfa Forest East) respectively. Construction work at Brechfa Forest West is due to commence this winter (2016).
The application site is not situated within any international or national ecological designations. Cefn Blaenau Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) is located approximately 0.67 km east of the application site. Caeau Blaen-Bydernyn SSSI is located approximately 2.6 km to the north west of the application site and Cae Blaen- Dyffryn 4.5 km to the north west. The Brecon Beacons National Park (SSSI) is located approximately 19 km to the south.
There is no Public Rights of Way (PROW) within the Site boundary. The closest PROW to the site crosses the edge of Llwydrissi woodland, 1.3km to the north west of the site at the closest point. There are some publically accessible tracks within Llwydrissi woodland, to the north west of the Site boundary.
The nearest residential properties to the proposed turbines are Tanrhiw (679 m) and Esgairliving Farm (714 m). The owners of both properties are involved with the proposed development as their land forms part of the application site. There are 3 non-involved dwellings within 1km of the proposed turbines: Caermalwas Fawr, which is located 793m to the west of the nearest proposed turbine. The second closest non-involved property is Bwlch Caermawlas Fach located 939m to the southwest of Turbine 1, whilst Cefnblaenau is located 951 m north-east of the Turbine 2. There are no other non-involved residential properties within 1 km of the proposed turbines.
The application site is accessed from the B4337 via an existing track serving Esgairliving Farm. Two unnamed roads also run to the west and north of the application site, which serve the local area, farmsteads and associated dwellings.
THE PROPOSAL
The Applicant is applying for full planning permission for the erection, 25 year operation and subsequent decommissioning of up to two wind turbines, each up to 100m in height to blade tip. The proposed development will also comprise:
Turbine transformers Turbine foundations Hard-standing areas for erecting cranes at each turbine location On-site tracks connecting each of the turbines Underground cables linking turbines to the grid connection An on-site substation New site access from the B4337 A temporary construction compound and lay-down/storage area.
The proposed wind turbines will provide up to 5MW of generating capacity.
Main Scheme Components
The table below provides a brief overview of the key elements of the application. The different components of the proposed development are described in more detail in Section 2 of the Environmental Report. Element of Proposed Number of Turbines 2
- Maximum Installed energy capacity of Proposed development 5 MW - Height to Blade Tip - 100 m (max) Number of blades – 3 per turbine - Materials for turbine – Tower – Steel; Blades – GRP (epoxy resin)
Electricity Transformers:
To be placed within the turbines themselves, or in a small secure external housing
Access Tracks:
Newly constructed tracks shall be 5 m wide with local widening at bends. The total length of new access track to be created will be circa 1 km. The combined length with the upgraded track will be 1.73km. Tracks will be surfaced with coarse aggregate.
Construction Compound:
The temporary construction compound would be a maximum of 60 m x 40 m. The compound will contain a secure area for site office facilities and storage of materials and components. It would have a hard-core base and be surrounded by a security fence and locked gates.
Crane Pads:
Each would be a maximum of 45 x 25 m and surfaced with coarse aggregate.
Substation Building:
A 16 m long x 12 m wide single storey building, housing the switchgear and control equipment and secure storage space.
Electrical Connection:
All electrical cabling on-site between the turbines and to the onsite sub-station will be placed in trenches with the dimensions to be determined by ground conditions and routed adjacent to the internal access tracks.
The components required as part of the proposed development will vary at different times within its lifecycle, due to, for example, the requirement for temporary infrastructure such as the temporary lay down areas during construction.
It should be noted that the exact size and output of turbine will depend on the particular model selected. This depends on a number of factors including equipment availability at the time of construction. The final wind turbine selection will therefore be made following the award of planning permission. The assessments, however, have been undertaken on the basis of a candidate turbine design – the Enercon E70. This comprises:
Horizontal axis type with a rotor consisting of three blades, each approximately 35.5m in length. Nacelle (cover housing) height of approximately 63m. Maximum vertical blade tip of 99.5m. Turbines generating power for all wind speeds between 2 m/s and 25 m/s. Rated power capacity of 4.6MW (2 turbines at 2.3MW each).
A grid connection will also be required to feed the electricity generated by the wind turbines into the distribution network for the operational period of the wind farm. Discussions with the Distribution Network Operator (DNO) have indicated that there is a suitable connection point at Lampeter and there is adequate capacity on the network to take the electricity generated by the proposed development.
The final details of the grid connection, including the precise route and an assessment of any impacts on the environment, would be determined by the DNO at a later date. The new grid connection may be subject to a separate design and consent process under Section 37 of the Electricity Act 1989.
Vehicular Access
The proposed development will be accessed from the south via a track from the B4337, through Esgairliving Farm. A total of circa 1 km of new access track will be constructed to access the proposed turbines. The tracks will have a general maximum width of 5 m, with localised widening on bends in selected locations to enable effective manoeuvring around corners and where passing places are required. Larger construction components such as the turbine blades will require marginal overruns of footways and widening of highway verge. The blades will also over-sail Council owned land at the junction in Llanybydder.
A detailed Traffic Management Plan setting out vehicle movement into and out of the site will be developed in consultation with the Council prior to commencement. This can be secured through an appropriately worded planning condition.
Site Layout
The proposed site layout (subject to micro-siting – see below) is shown on the Site Layout Plan (Figure 1-2).
The proposed location of Turbine Number 1 (T1) is to the south-east of the southern field at an approximate elevation of 346 m AOD. The second turbine (T2) is located in the northern half of the broadly triangular, northern field at an approximate elevation of 346 m AOD.
Micrositing
Micrositing is the final iteration in the design of the site layout and is undertaken in the final stages of the development of the project. This will take place once a particular turbine has been selected and as further information becomes available. For example, the turbines selected for installation may have particular design features that require minor changes to be made to the scheme proposed in the planning application. As a consequence flexibility in determining precise turbine locations and access track alignment is required.
An allowance for potential micro-siting of the wind farm infrastructure is therefore requested as part of this planning application. As part of this process, detailed ground investigations and geotechnical surveys would be commissioned by the Applicant to determine the overall ground conditions. There may also be a requirement for micrositing of infrastructure following these investigations and any other pre-construction environmental surveys.
Consequently, subject to environmental constraints and ground conditions, the planning application boundary seeks a potential micro-siting of wind turbines by up to 25 m and an allowance for all other site infrastructure (including tracks, construction compound and the substation). The Applicant requests that a suitably worded condition is imposed requiring the final site layout to be submitted to, and agreed in writing, by the Local Planning Authority prior to any development works commencing.
Construction Details
Programme
It is anticipated that construction of the proposed turbines would commence 12 to 15 months following the grant of planning permission. The associated construction period is expected to be approximately 8 months.
The programme of construction activities takes into account all information currently known about the application site and proposed development. The programme will be modified as necessary to take into account the findings of the pre-construction works and surveys. The indicative programme prepared by the Applicant is, however, considered to represent a ‘worst case’ based upon typical assumptions.
Where possible construction activities will be carried out concurrently to reduce the overall length of the construction programme. Construction phasing will also enable civil engineering works to progress in some areas of the site whilst turbines are being erected
elsewhere. In order to minimise disruption to land use, site restoration will also be undertaken as early as possible in development areas.
Construction Hours
A detailed programme of works will be produced by the construction contractors prior to the commencement of works on site. At this stage it is proposed that construction activities shall only take place between the hours of 08:00 to 18:00 on Monday to Friday inclusive and 08:00 to 13:00 hours on Saturday, with no construction works on site on Sundays or Bank Holidays. Outside of these hours, works would be limited to emergency works and dust suppression, unless otherwise agreed in writing by the Local Planning Authority.
It is proposed that the delivery of any construction materials or equipment, other than turbine blades, nacelles and towers, shall be restricted to the above hours, unless otherwise agreed in writing by the local planning authority.
Operation and Maintenance
The wind turbines will be unmanned with performance of the wind turbines automatically monitored from a central control room. Frequent and detailed turbine inspections and maintenance would be undertaken in the first year of operation. Following this, a programme of visual inspections and routine servicing would be instigated. The frequency of such visits would depend on the turbine model selected.
As far as is practical, short term routine maintenance would be undertaken during periods of little or no wind to minimise the impact on electrical generation. Major maintenance/servicing would be planned, where practical, to occur during the summer months.
On-going track maintenance would generally be undertaken in the summer months when tracks are dry. Safe access for maintenance purposes would be maintained all year round
Decommissioning
The proposed development is expected to have an operational life of 25 years, at the end of which the wind turbines would be decommissioned. This would involve the complete removal of the wind turbines, transformers, substation, switchgear and other equipment over a period of up to 6 months. The removal of the wind turbine components would essentially be the reverse of the construction process.
Decommissioning would involve the dismantling and removal of turbines and the substation. It is proposed to leave HV cables in situ. Site access tracks would either be left in situ for agricultural use, or removed depending on the preference of the land owner, or upon any condition attached to the permission.
The decommissioning of wind turbines, and their removal from the landscape, ensures that any visual effects are temporary and reversible.
The application has been accompanied by a suite of documents and plans that include: a planning, design and access statement, a landscape and visual assessment containing wire lines, photomontages and Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV), a noise assessment
which includes background noise level, an ecological assessment, shadow flicker and assessment and a cultural heritage assessment.
The Local Planning Authority issued a screening opinion to the applicant following the submission of the application. This concluded that the proposal would not require an Environmental Impact Assessment.
PLANNING POLICY
Local Planning Policy
Proposals for wind turbines must comply with the criteria of Policy RE2 (Local Community and Small Scale Wind Farms) of the Carmarthenshire Local Development Plan (LDP) (December 2014). Proposals will be permitted provided the development will: not have an unacceptable impact upon the visual amenity or landscape character through: the number, scale, size, design and siting of turbines and associated infrastructure; the development will not have an unacceptable cumulative impact in relation to existing wind turbines and other renewable energy installations and those which have permission; the siting, design, layout and materials used should be sympathetic to the characteristics of the landform, contours and existing features of the landscape; the development would not cause demonstrable harm to statutorily protected species, and habitats and species identified in the Local Biodiversity Action Plan; turbines and their associated structures will not be sited will not be sited in, or impact upon archaeological resources, the setting and integrity of Conservation Areas, Listed Buildings, or other areas of historical value; Proposals will not cause an unreasonable risk or nuisance to, and impact upon the amenities of,, nearby residents or other members of the public; No loss of public accessibility to the area, and existing bridleways and footpaths will be safeguarded from development with no permitted loss of their length and quality; Turbines and associated infrastructure will, at the end of the operational life of the facility, be removed and an appropriate land restoration and aftercare scheme agreed; The development will not result in significant harm to the safety or amenity of sensitive receptors and will not have an unacceptable impact on roads, rail or aviation safety; the development will not result in unacceptable electromagnetic interference to communications installations; radar or air traffic control systems; emergency services communications, or other telecommunications systems.
At the more strategic policy level Policy SP11 (Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency) of the LDP states that “development proposals which incorporate energy efficiency measures and renewable energy production technologies will be supported in areas where the environmental and cumulative impacts can be addressed satisfactorily. Such developments will not cause demonstrable harm to residential amenity and will be acceptable within the landscape. Each proposal will be assessed on a case by case basis”.
Other relevant policies include:
SP2 Climate Change
Development proposals which respond to, are resilient to, adapt to and minimise for the causes and impacts of climate change will be supported. In particular proposals will be supported where they: a) Adhere to the waste hierarchy and in particular the minimisation of waste;
b) Promote the efficient consumption of resources (including water); c) Reflect sustainable transport principles and minimise the need to travel, particularly by private motor car; d) Avoid, or where appropriate, minimise the risk of flooding including the incorporation of measures such as SUDS and flood resilient design; e) Promote the energy hierarchy by reducing energy demand, promoting energy efficiency and increasing the supply of renewable energy; f) Incorporate appropriate climate responsive design solutions including orientation, layout, density and low carbon solutions (including design and construction methods) and utilise sustainable construction methods where feasible.
SP14 Protection and Enhancement of the Natural Environment
Development should reflect the need to protect, and wherever possible enhance the County’s natural environment.
All development proposals should be considered in accordance with national guidance/legislation and the policies and proposals of this Plan, with due consideration given to areas of nature conservation value, the countryside, landscapes and coastal areas, including those outlined below: a) Statutory designated sites including Ramsar sites, SPAs, SACs, SSSIs and National Nature Reserves; b) Biodiversity and Nature Conservation Value, including protected species and habitats of acknowledged importance as well as key connectivity corridors and pathways; (Policy EQ4 and EQ5) c) Regional and Locally important sites (and their features) including Local Nature Reserves and RIGS; (see Policy EQ3) d) Areas of identified Landscape and Seascape quality; (including SLAs) e) Features which contribute to local distinctiveness, nature conservation value or the landscape; (see Policy EQ5) f) The Open Countryside; (see Policy GP2) g) The best and most versatile agricultural land; (Grade 2 and 3a) h) Natural assets: including air, soil (including high carbon soils) controlled waters and water resources. (See Policies EP1 and EP2)
Policy GP1 Sustainability and High Quality Design
Development proposals will be permitted where they accord with the following:
a) It conforms with and enhances the character and appearance of the site, building or area in terms of siting, appearance, scale, height, massing, elevation treatment, and detailing; b) It incorporates existing landscape or other features, takes account of site contours and changes in levels and prominent skylines or ridges; c) Utilises materials appropriate to the area within which it is located; d) It would not have a significant impact on the amenity of adjacent land uses, properties, residents or the community; e) Includes an integrated mixture of uses appropriate to the scale of the development; f) It retains, and where appropriate incorporates important local features (including buildings, amenity areas, spaces, trees, woodlands and hedgerows) and ensures
the use of good quality hard and soft landscaping and embraces opportunities to enhance biodiversity and ecological connectivity; g) It achieves and creates attractive, safe places and public spaces, which ensures security through the ‘designing-out-crime’ principles of Secured by Design (including providing natural surveillance, visibility, well lit environments and areas of public movement); h) An appropriate access exists or can be provided which does not give rise to any parking or highway safety concerns on the site or within the locality;
Policy TR1 Primary and Core Road Networks
Proposals which do not restrict traffic movement and/or compromise the safety of the primary road network and core network will, where appropriate be supported. The primary road network and core network is defined in Appendix 7.
Policy TR3 Highways in Developments - Design Considerations
The design and layout of all development proposals will, where appropriate, be required to include: a) An integrated network of convenient and safe pedestrian and cycle routes (within and from the site) which promotes the interests of pedestrians, cyclists and public transport; b) Suitable provision for access by public transport; c) Appropriate parking and where applicable, servicing space in accordance with required standards; d) Infrastructure and spaces allowing safe and easy access for those with mobility difficulties; e) Required access standards reflective of the relevant Class of road and speed restrictions including visibility splays and design features and calming measures necessary to ensure highway safety and the ease of movement is maintained, and where required enhanced; f) Provision for Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems to allow for the disposal of surface water run-off from the highway.
Proposals which do not generate unacceptable levels of traffic on the surrounding road network and would not be detrimental to highway safety or cause significant harm to the amenity of residents will be permitted.
Proposals which will not result in offsite congestion in terms of parking or service provision or where the capacity of the network is sufficient to serve the development will be permitted. Developers may be required to facilitate appropriate works as part of the granting of any permission.
Policy EQ4 Biodiversity
Proposals for development which have an adverse impact on priority species, habitats and features of recognised principal importance to the conservation of biodiversity and nature conservation, (namely those protected by Section 42 of the Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) Act 2006 and UK and Local BAP habitats and species and other than sites and species protected under European or UK legislation) will not be permitted, except where it can be demonstrated that:
a) The impacts can be satisfactorily mitigated, acceptably minimised or appropriately managed to include net enhancements; b) There are exceptional circumstances where the reasons for the development or land use change clearly outweighs the need to safeguard the biodiversity and nature conservation interests of the site and where alternative habitat provision can be made in order to maintain and enhance local biodiversity.
Policy EQ5 Corridors, Networks and Features of Distinctiveness
Proposals for development which would not adversely affect those features which contribute local distinctiveness/qualities of the County, and to the management and/or development of ecological networks (wildlife corridor networks), accessible green corridors and their continuity and integrity will be permitted.
Proposals which include provision for the retention and appropriate management of such features will be supported (provided they conform to the policies and proposals of this Plan).
Policy EQ6 Special Landscape Areas
Special Landscape Areas are designated in the following locations and as identified on the Proposals Map:
Tywi Valley Carmarthenshire Limestone Ridge Teifi Valley Drefach Velindre Bran Valley (North of Llandovery) Mynydd Mallaen Llanllwni Mountain North Eastern Uplands Mynydd y Betws Gwendraeth Levels Pembrey Mountain Swiss Valley Talley Lwchwr Valley Lower Taf Valley Cwm Cathan Cothi Valley Carmarthen Bay and Estuaries
Proposals for development which enhance or improve the Special Landscape Areas through their design, appearance and landscape schemes will be permitted (subject to the policies and proposals of this Plan).
Policy EP1 Water Quality and Resources
Proposals for development will be permitted where they do not lead to a deterioration of either the water environment and/or the quality of controlled waters. Proposals will, where appropriate, be expected to contribute towards improvements to water quality.
Watercourses will be safeguarded through biodiversity/ecological buffer zones/corridors to protect aspects such as riparian habitats and species; water quality and provide for flood plain capacity. Proposals will be permitted where they do not have an adverse impact on the nature conservation, fisheries, public access or water related recreation use of the rivers in the County.
Proposals will wherever possible be required to make efficient use of water resources.
Policy EP2 Pollution
Proposals for development should wherever possible seek to minimise the impacts of pollution. New developments will be required to demonstrate that they: a) Do not conflict with National Air Quality Strategy objectives, or adversely affect to a significant extent, designated Air Quality Management Areas (permitted developments may be conditioned to abide by best practice); b) Do not cause a deterioration in water quality; c) Ensure that light and noise pollution are where appropriate minimised; d) Ensure that risks arising from contaminated land are addressed through an appropriate land investigation and assessment of risk and land remediation to ensure its suitability for the proposed use.
Although no formal supplementary planning guidance (SPG) on cumulative impact has been adopted by the LPA, it has developed a guidance note internally for officers entitled Pembrokeshire and Carmarthenshire: Cumulative Impact of Wind Turbines on and Landscape and Visual Amenity. As the title suggests this document has been developed with Pembrokeshire and also the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park Authority who have both adopted the guidance as SPG. The guidance provides a classification of landscape types where turbines are contained within landscape character areas (Table 1 p.15). It also provides guidance on how to assess cumulative impacts on visual amenity indicating that there are three main types of cumulative visual effect:
In combination from one (static) viewpoint i.e. where more than one development can be seen within the observer’s arc of vision at the same time. In succession from one (static) viewpoint i.e. where the viewer has to turn to see a number of developments around them. Sequential effects on a journey i.e. where more than one wind turbine development can be seen one after the other over a period of time by an observer moving through the landscape (para 4.1).
The guidance states that “the magnitude of the cumulative change will depend on the landscape context in which the development is viewed and the scale, nature, duration and frequency of combined and sequential views (para 4.4.).
National Planning Policy:
National planning policy on renewable energy developments is set out in Planning Policy Wales, Edition 8 (PPW) and the associated Technical Advice Note (TAN) 8: Planning for Renewable Energy. They reflect the UK target of producing 15% of energy from renewables by 2020, and the Welsh Government target of 2GW of installed onshore wind generation capacity by 2015/172. PPW emphasises the Government’s commitment to
sustainable development through the Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act 2015 and identifies the role of the planning system in facilitating renewable energy generation and seeking to protect designated areas, species, habitats and historic environments. TAN8 recognises that outside its designated Strategic Search Areas there is balance to be struck between the desirability of renewable energy generation and landscape protection. Further guidance is provided in the Practice Guidance: Planning Implications for Renewable and Low Carbon Energy, February 2011 (Practice Guidance).
The following sections will assess the proposal against policy and specific material planning considerations and will be followed by a balancing exercise which will conclude whether the proposal is acceptable or not at this location.
Landscape and Visual
The applicant has submitted a Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment as well as a Physical Landscape Impact Audit. A summary of the applicant’s LVIA is provided below:
The LVIA has examined the likely effects of the proposed turbines on landscape character and visual amenity within a 15km and 25km radius of the site (the study area).
An assessment of visual amenity concluded that at least 1 turbine would be visible from approximately 30% of the study area and neither wind turbine would be visible from the remaining 70%. The majority of views would be limited to areas of high ground. This is based on the Zone of Theoretical Visibility, which presents a worst case scenario as it does not take into account intervening screening, such as hedgerows, woodland or manmade structures such as buildings.
Ten viewpoints were assessed, ranging from close proximity to more distant views, including the Brecon Beacons National Park. Based on landscape sensitivity, conclusions from these assessments were that the visual impacts of the proposed turbines on visual amenity would be greater within close proximity to the site.
A cumulative visual assessment was also carried out. This assessed a number of approved and submitted wind farm schemes within the 15km study area. This concluded that from the majority of the viewpoints assessed, cumulative impacts would be not significant. This is due to either the cumulative schemes not being within view, the proposed turbines likely to be imperceptible, or the cumulative schemes being visible but not dominating the view.
The applicant considers that the proposed turbines would not significantly alter the character of the landscape as a whole. Overall, the topography and character of the site and landscape lends itself to a two turbine scheme of the form and scale proposed.
A residential visual amenity assessment concludes that no residential property would experience changes in visual amenity that would result in unacceptable adverse living conditions for its occupants. This assessment took into account properties within a 1km study area.
The application documents relating to the assessment of landscape and visual impacts have been assessed by the Council’s Landscape Officer and a summary of his response is provided below. This will be followed by the case officer’s assessment having regard to other material considerations.
Landscape Officer’s Assessment
The submitted information is considered sufficient to enable conclusions to be drawn on the potential landscape and visual impacts of the proposal for the purpose of this advice.
Landscape Impacts: i] Physical landscape impacts: Physical landscape impacts are caused by direct effects arising from construction of the proposed development. Impacts may arise from the removal, reduction in scale or changes to existing landscape elements (trees, shrubs and built features that contribute to landscape character). Impacts may also arise from the effects of excavation, filling and disturbance of existing ground through construction phase management and final proposals for excavated material.
Observations: In addition to physical landscape impacts arising from construction of the proposed development, it is noted that the blade length of the proposed turbine is 35.5m, which exceeds the dimensions of a standard HGV flatbed trailer unit [approx 13m] and constitutes an abnormal load [>18.65m overall length]. It is considered that delivery could reasonably be expected to result in potential direct physical impacts at constraint points along the route. Direct physical landscape impacts could include lowering or removal of existing roadside banks and resultant impacts to existing trees, hedges, and other landscape and highway elements; including potential impacts to third party land.
Advice: It is considered that the scale of the turbine model is such that, potential impacts to existing landscape elements and features are expected to challenge the relevant policy objectives of the Carmarthenshire County Council LDP [December 2014]. Further information is necessary to enable full assessment of the significance of the challenge to policy objectives, and to provide details of measures to effectively minimise or mitigate landscape and/or visual impacts to deliver an acceptable development proposal in relation to the Landscape Advice remit.
Subsequent to this advice the applicant has submitted a Physical Landscape Impact Audit (PLIA) which shows the loss of landscape features on the site and how they will be mitigated. The Council’s Landscape Officer has raised no adverse comments with regard to the details submitted. The commitments in the PLIA will form part of the planning permission. ii] Landscape character impacts: Indirect impacts to landscape character are caused by the physical presence of the proposed development in views, and the resultant effects upon the existing landscape character.
Wind turbine development inevitably results in changes to local landscape character through the introduction of new, manmade moving landscape elements. The significance of these changes in terms of magnitude and extent of effect have been assessed through appraisal of the submitted information, consideration of LANDMAP and landscape designations, and site visit.
Observations: i] It is considered that the proposed development would result in adverse impacts to the landscape character of the Teifi Valley including limited areas of the locally designated Teifi Valley Special Landscape Area, through the introduction of two large scale turbine structures to the horizon as viewed from the valley and areas to the north. ii] Photomontages do not include the landscape and visual impacts of the access tracks, site compound and other associated works, it is likely that the works associated with the access tracks to accommodate the change in level, in terms of cut and fill would result in visual effects which have not been addressed within the application assessment documents, which would result in local adverse impacts to landscape character. However, it is advised that these local impacts could be mitigated to some extent through amendments to the proposed scheme
Advice: In this case, it is advised that the location and scale of the turbine model, and the predicted magnitude of effect in relation to the sensitivity of the receiving landscape, are such that the significance of impacts to landscape character, or areas designated for their landscape value, are considered to represent a significant challenge to the relevant policy objectives of the Carmarthenshire County Council LDP [December 2014]. Impacts are of a significance to constitute a justifiable reason for refusal on the grounds of impacts to landscape character. The Landscape Officer considers that the proposal will have an unacceptable and adverse impact upon landscape character, setting and appearance of the area and surrounding landscape through scale, size and siting. Notwithstanding this he advises that in the context of the planning balance the impacts should be fully addressed by the DMO against the benefits of the application.
Visual Impacts: Visual impacts are those caused by the changes to existing views caused by the physical presence of the proposed development. i] Impacts to residential visual amenity
Address points of residential properties within an initial search area of 10x the blade tip height of the proposed turbine location have been identified through review of CCC MAPInfo data. A desk top appraisal using aerial photography and broad scale site visit observations from publicly accessible points near to the identified properties has been undertaken. Properties at a separation greater than the initial search area with particularly open views and direct orientation are included in the appraisal if identified through site visit observation.
Cefn Blaenau, Rhydcymerau, Llandeilo, SA19 7RF 936m Esgair Living, Rhydcymerau, Llandeilo, SA19 7RG 704m Bwlch Caermalwas Fach, Rhydcymerau, SA19 7RG 946m Caermalwas Fawr, Rhydcymerau, Llandeilo, SA19 7RG 808m Tanyrhiw, Rhydcymerau, Llandeilo, SA19 7RG 676m
The Landscape Officer considers that there will be impacts to these dwellings that may challenge the relevant policy objectives of the LDP however, impact are not considered of significance to constitute an unacceptable development proposal. ii] Impacts to visual amenity from areas accessible to the public
Impacts upon the visual amenity of users of publicly accessible areas have been considered through review of CCC MAPInfo data and through site visit to address impacts to publicly accessible points.
Observations:
Specifically in relation to visual impacts to the following visual receptors: - Users of the minor road as a link between areas of open access land and the public footpath network with views of the proposed development.
Advice
In this case, it is advised that the proposed scheme will form new, manmade moving elements within some views from publicly accessible areas. The location and scale of the turbine model, and proximity to roads and footpaths, and other areas accessible to the public, is such that the impacts are considered to represent a challenge to the relevant policy objectives of the Carmarthenshire County Council LDP [December 2014]. However, potential amendments to the proposed scheme could act to reduce visual impacts to deliver an acceptable development proposal in relation to the Landscape Advice remit. Amendments have been submitted by the applicant to landscape areas bounding and close to publicly accessible areas. The Landscape Officer is satisfied that these will mitigate some of the local impacts immediately adjacent to the site.
Case Officer’s Assessment
Landscape Character:
The Council’s Landscape Officer has raised concerns with regard to the proposal’s indirect impact upon parts of the Teifi Valley and the Teifi Valley Special Landscape Area (SLA) and that this impact represents a justifiable reason for refusal. This would therefore fail the policy test outlined at criteria a) of Policy RE2 in that the proposal from these areas will have an ‘unacceptable impact on...landscape character’ through: the scale, size and siting.
Whilst these concerns are noted the area of landscape harmed is in excess of 5km away with many public views from this area heavily screened by intervening vegetation and built form and only briefly viewed. The turbines are most discernible from an area of the SLA to the north of Llanybydder. Views from this area are mainly from areas of land inaccessible to the general public and briefly seen from public vantage areas. There would be some limited visibility from the public right of way but in the main these will be orientated away from the turbines.
Additionally LANDMAP Visual and Sensory Aspect Areas CRDGNVS588 and CRMRTVS592 both identify the majority of attractive views which contribute to the areas landscape character from within the Teifi Valley as being outward and towards Ceredigion in the north (which is in the opposite direction to the proposed turbines) and also east/west along the Valley itself. LANDMAP Visual and Sensory Aspect Areas CRDGNVS588 also identifies that there are "Dramatic views from road in valley bottom", which is the A485.
Ceredigion Local Planning Authority has been consulted on this application, given the proximity of the site to the county boundary. No response has been received to date.
Therefore whilst it is considered there will be unacceptable impacts on the Tefi Valley and parts of the SLA, they are of a nature that do not warrant refusal of this application given the significant renewable energy benefits of the proposed development.
Visual Amenity
The Landscape Officer has not identified any dwellings within 10 x rotor diameter distance that would be harmed to an extent that would be against planning policy and therefore justify refusing this proposal. Furthermore the applicant has carried out an assessment of residential properties within 1km of the site.
Of the five residential properties that lie within the 1km study area, the applicant has assessed all as not experiencing changes in visual amenity considered to be unacceptable or adversely affecting living conditions. Of the three considered to experience a level of effect (Cefnblaenau, Carmalwas Fawr and Bwlch Caemalwas Fach), one property (Carmalwas Fawr) has their main dwelling orientated away from the proposed turbines where views would remain unaltered, but their access and bedroom window to the rear of the property is orientated towards the proposed turbines and of the two properties that have their main dwelling orientated towards the proposed turbines, intervening vegetation will heavily screen any potential views. Consequently, magnitude of change in all cases was registered as no more than 'medium to low', not significant.
The undulating, small valleys and dense vegetation within in the vicinity of the proposed turbines and properties is a significant mitigating element of the local landscape in limiting the effect on residential property, partially screening views of the proposed turbines, mitigating the visual amenity effects on living conditions.
The case officer has assessed the 5 properties referred to in the LVIA and considers that the conclusions reached by the applicant are reasonable.
Additional assessment was carried out by the case officer of properties outside of the 1km study area and given the separation distance, screening and intervening topography, the proposal would ensure that there would be no visual intrusion that would lead to unacceptable living conditions in any neighbouring property.
A number of concerns have been submitted in respect of the impacts that would be experienced from the settlement of Rhydcymerau, which is located approximately 2.3km from the application site and at a lower land level. The concerns focus on the potential of the village becoming surrounded by wind turbine development and potentially having an adverse landscape and visual cumulative impact. The village is located approximately 1.5km from the in-planning Bryn Dafydd single turbine (1 x 86m) and 1.7km from the consented but as yet un-developed Brechfa Forest East wind farm (12x145m).
It is accepted that on plan the village appears to be surrounded by proposed/consented turbines but in reality, close intervening vegetation and landform will heavily screen a large proportion of the turbines from within areas of the settlement. The properties along the local road heading west out of Rhydcymerau will be more susceptible to higher levels of cumulative effects as close intervening vegetation is less prominent. Notwithstanding this, it is considered that there will be no significant adverse harm upon residential properties in terms of cumulative landscape and visual impact given the separation distance between respective schemes and proposals from dwellings in the vicinity. In terms of the cumulative impact upon the landscape, there will be viewpoints in the County where the proposed
turbines will be seen in relation to the consented scheme at Brechfa Forest East, although these will not be extensive areas and restricted to high points and unscreened roads and footpaths. It is not considered that the proposal will have an unacceptable cumulative impact upon the landscape.
There are no public rights of way or bridleways within 1km of the site and whilst the proposed turbines will be seen from footpaths out with this distance views will be intermittent due to the topography and vegetation in the area. The impact upon recreational users is not considered unacceptable.
Users of the highway that runs adjacent to the site (approximately 110m) will experience the greatest visual impacts from the proposed turbines. However this section of highway is short and infrequently used. Moreover the harmful impacts are outweighed by the significant renewable energy benefits of the proposal.
Third Party Representations
Proliferation of wind turbines around Rhydcymerau – The concerns regarding the visual impact upon residential dwellings, publicly accessible areas, the setting of the area, the settlement of Rhydcymerau, cumulative impacts, the Teifi Valley Special Landscape area have been assessed in the main body of the report.
Damage to the outstanding landscape e.g. when viewed from the Teifi Valley Special Landscape Area (SLA) – As above
Damaging visual impact – the proposal will have serious adverse impacts when viewed from residential dwellings, public roads and footpaths as well as forest rides used for amenity purposes – As above.
Cumulative visual impact – i.e. the 12 turbines consented at Brechfa Forest East (E/24195 refers) and the in-planning single turbine at Bryn Daffydd (E/29031). As above.
Harmful impact upon a nearby centre which provides a countryside setting for adults and children with disabilities. This property maintains a satisfactory separation distance from the proposed turbines and will not experience unacceptable visual impact that would justify refusing the application.
The photomontages with the applicant’s documents underestimate the impact of the proposal. Photomontages are a tool used for assessing the impact of turbines on the landscape and visual amenity of the area. These have all been verified on site and by the Council’s Landscape Officer and are considered acceptable for assessment purposes as well as complying with the accepted methodology issued by Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH)
Impact upon the Special Landscape Area next to the site. An assessment of the impact upon adjacent Special Landscape Areas is dealt with in the Landscape and Visual section of the officer’s report. There are considered to be no harmful indirect landscape impacts upon the Mynydd Llanllwni SLA located approximately 2.6km to the south west.
No landscape visual assessment made by the applicant of the sub-station or the 1km of new access track being proposed. It is considered that the sub-station building will have limited impacts upon the landscape and visual amenity of the area. A condition will be
attached to ensure it is suitably screened by appropriate landscaping. It is noted that there is no assessment of the proposed access track, however, this will be constructed through an intimate valley where visual impacts upon the surrounding area will be limited. The applicant’s draft habitat management plan (HMP) will provide mitigation for the loss of vegetation along this track.
Concern from the owner of Caermawlas Fach that the turbines have not been adequately assessed from his dwelling and land surrounding his property. The case officer has inspected the curtilage of the property and viewpoints which are representative of those from the owner’s land. It is considered that the proposal will not lead to overwhelming and unavoidable presence from the dwelling’s habitable rooms and garden area. Furthermore the views from the surrounding land maintain sufficient distance so as not to appear unacceptable and in breach of planning policy.
Ecology
The application site is located in a mixed landscape of improved and poor semi-improved pasture, interspersed with (often small) areas of unimproved marshy grassland, bog and flush. The construction of large turbine base areas, crane pads and the upgraded and new access track all have the potential to impact upon biodiversity and habitats.
The applicant’s submission documents were considered inadequate by the Council’s planning ecologist in that they did not assess the proposal’s impact upon golden plover, bats and a detailed appraisal of how damaged habitat is going to be mitigated was not provided. These additional assessments have now been submitted and conclude that there will be no significant unacceptable impacts that would be contrary to the Council’s LDP and legislation covering habitat and biodiversity interests. The Council’s planning ecologist raises no objection to the proposal subject to the mitigation proposals submitted being secured by planning conditions and implemented to the satisfaction of the Council. NRW have also raised no objection to the level of assessment carried out and the conclusions therein.
Third Party Representations
Damage to existing peat bogs. Peat surveys have not been requested by the Council’s Planning Ecologist or NRW on account that there are no records on site.
Impact from concrete upon soil ecosystem. Concrete has a chemical composition which is designed not to leach into soils.
No ecological assessment of the sub-station. The Council’s Planning Ecologist and NRW have not raised any concerns regarding important habitat or species being harmed at the location of the proposed sub-station
Not clear from the application documents if woodland adjacent to the proposed access track will be removed as part of the development. The application is accompanied by a tree survey indicates the areas where tree removal will take place. The majority of tree removal will involve the felling of plantation woodland crop.
Bird species such as Buzzard and Grasshopper Warbler nest within 1km of the site and the impact of the turbines on these species has not been assessed or identified by the
applicant’s survey work. NRW and the Council’s Planning Ecologist are satisfied with the level of assessment that has taken place in respect of bird species.
Unsatisfactory assessment of bats in and around the application site. Spring, Summer and Autumn bat surveys have been undertaken to demonstrate the levels of bat activity on the site. NRW have confirmed they consider that the favourable conservation status of bats will not be adversely impacted by the proposal after assessing the Spring and Summers surveys. An Autumn survey has been undertaken in line with BCT guidance, the findings of the survey conclude that the development will not have any significant adverse effects on bats. Therefore no further survey work is required and no mitigation is necessary.
Impact on Golden Plover has not been adequately assessed. The original field survey for the application recorded a small area of habitat at the site as suitable for Golden Plover. Anecdotal records have been received from the public as part of the application process indicating that the site is occasionally used by Golden Plover. The applicant has provided an assessment of impacts in relation to Golden Plover. The assessment indicates that much more extensive habitat is present in the surrounding area and is widely available. The assessment states that birds may occasionally use the site but they are constrained by the availability of suitable habitats and that there may be displacement effects on site but this is unlikely to be significantly detrimental to wintering Golden Plover populations in the vicinity, as there are three key areas of upland in the vicinity well outside the potential disturbance influence of the proposed turbines. NRW have confirmed they consider that Golden Plover will not be adversely impacted by the proposal. As golden plover are known to use the area a scheme of Golden Plover Monitoring has been recommended and has been agreed in principle with the applicant. This requirement is therefore specified within the required HMP condition.
The developer should use the county road for access rather than create a destructive new track which could harm habitats and species. Harmful and unacceptable impacts upon species and habitats in the vicinity of the proposed turbines and access track will be mitigated by proposals contained with the applicant’s draft HMP. NRW and the Council’s planning ecologist are satisfied with these proposals.
The application form has been incorrectly completed e.g. Protected and Priority Species not referred to as being harmed or conserved and enhanced. Species and habitats will be conserved and enhanced by the proposal therefore this is an omission by the applicant. This is not considered to affect the outcome of the proposal as impacts have been adequately presented and assessed in the applicant’s submission documents.
Lack of assessment of protected species in the vicinity of the site. NRW and the Council’s Planning Ecologist are satisfied with the level of assessment in respect of protected species.
The applicant has not assessed the impact of the proposal upon Biodiversity Action Plan species which include birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles and dragonflies. NRW and the Council’s Planning Ecologist are satisfied with the level of assessment in respect of protected species.
General concern regarding the adequacy and reliability of the submitted bat surveys. NRW and the Council’s Planning Ecologist are satisfied with the level of assessment in respect of bats. Spring, Summer and Autumn surveys have been submitted.
General concern regarding the adequacy of mitigation and enhancement proposals in the Habitat Management Plan. The draft HMP is considered acceptable by the Council’s Planning Ecologist.
Impact on Private water supply. A planning condition will be included that deals with the impact of the proposal upon the private water supply.
The applicant is offering a new hedge on the northern edge of the site as compensation for the hedges being removed elsewhere. The area of land is unlikely to support the establishment of a hedge as it is excessively wet. Additionally, it is questioned whether a hedge would be in keeping with the open nature of the higher part of the site and its surroundings. The eastern half of this length is adjacent to wet habitat (marshy grassland, wet heath and acid/neutral flush/spring). What was discussed on the site visit with the Carmarthenshire CC landscape officer and ecologist was that where the habitat is wetter, the hedge alongside should be planted with willow (suited to damp conditions) and where drier, with beech (this fits with surrounding beech hedges). There are already several willows growing at the roadside near the wetter area. The planting of a hedge in this section will provide an overall ecological gain, mainly in terms of potential breeding habitat for birds.
Traffic and Transport
The applicant has provided a detailed assessment of transport and traffic impacts in the ER that accompanies the application. The construction phase of the work is expected to last 8 months and the anticipated working hours will be 07:00 – 19:00. The total number of vehicle movements will be 2,524 with just over half relating to imported stone (756) and concrete deliveries (584).
In terms of the delivery route for the Abnormal Indivisible Loads (AILs) (i.e. turbine blades, towers) the expected Port of Entry (POE) is the Port of Swansea. The delivery route will utilise the M4 before departing at its junction with the A48 at Pont Abraham and continuing west. At Carmarthen AILs will turn north onto the A40 before turning onto the A485 to the north east of Carmarthen. Loads will continue on the A485 for 26km until Llanybydder. At the cross roads in Llanybydder loads will turn onto the B4337 and continue east for 6km and turn left onto an upgraded access junction at Esgairliving. A typical turbine of the scale proposed can be delivered in up to 13 deliveries, 7 of which would be AILs.
Several swept path analyses of the junction in Llanybydder have been carried out by the applicant to determine the preferred option for the delivery of turbine blades, which will be the longest component to be delivered. The preferred option will involve the turbine blade deliveries turning right from the A485 in Llanybydder onto the B4333 and continuing to site. This manoeuvre will involve the delivery vehicle overrunning the footway and the turbine blade over-sailing the Council owned land at the junction. It is understood that this land is maintained by the community council but the County Council are the owners. On this basis the applicant has served a notice on the Council’s corporate property section informing them of this and inviting comments. To date no response has been received from the Council’s Corporate Property section regarding this matter. Notwithstanding this, the Head of Transport and Engineering raises no objection to the turbine blade over-sailing this land from a highway safety perspective
The remaining construction traffic will comprise staff transport, construction equipment and materials which include delivery of machinery and supplies such as concrete.
The highest traffic movements would occur during Month 5 of the 8 month construction programme and will correspond with the delivery of off-site batched concrete for the construction of the turbine foundations. This equates to approximately 520 movements (i.e. 260 inbound and 260 outbound trips) over the course of the month. Assuming a 22 day working month, an average of 24 movements (12 inbound and 12 outbound) would be made each day with 18 of those being made by HGVs. Traffic flows are predicted to fall off substantially over the remainder of the construction period.
The applicant has not sourced a contractor to undertake the work or commenced a tender process with material suppliers but indicates that materials would be sourced from local suppliers and it is assumed that deliveries of aggregate for access track and concrete for foundations would all approach from the A485 south.
While total traffic flows are not predicted to increase by more than 4.21% on any of the links within the study area, HGVs flows are predicted to increase by 23.43% on the B4337. Although the uplift is relatively high in percentage terms; this is due to the low baseline levels of HGV traffic on this road. The actual number of HGV movements being added for the peak month (22 working days) averages 18 per day, equating to less than 2 additional HGV movements per hour.
It is predicted that during the operation of the proposed development there will be up to 2 vehicle movements per week for maintenance purposes.
Access into the site is proposed through an upgrade of the existing access to Esgairliving farm. The proposed amendments to the access involve moving the junction around 20m west of its existing location in order to improve the available visibility and accommodate the swept path of the abnormal loads. The visibility is constrained to 4.5m x 90m east of the junction and 4.5m x 120m west of the junction.
The Head of Transport and Engineering raises no objection to the development subject to planning conditions requesting the submission of a construction management plan (CMP) and traffic management plan (TMP) prior to the commencement of development. These documents will be required to include the provision of a dry run for AILs before the commencement of development. Further details must include mitigation measures for the temporary works to the junction in Llanybydder. The sub-standard visibility splays at the proposed site access will be mitigated by traffic regulation measures along the highway so that speeds are reduced to 30mph either side of the access. This will enable vehicles to emerge from the junction safely. This detail will be expected within the CMS and TMP which will be agreed in writing with the Local Planning Authority prior to the commencement of development.
In terms of highway safety, the proposed access arrangements are considered satisfactory in principle and it is considered that the safety of other road users and pedestrians can be maintained. On this basis it is considered that the proposal will be in accordance with Policies TR1 and TR3 of the LDP.
The increase in movements along the road network during the proposed construction phase of the wind farm will be significant especially during the stages of the construction phase when concrete and aggregate are being delivered. However these movements are not considered unacceptable in the context of planning policy as their duration is relatively short in the context of the proposed scheme’s lifetime.
In view of the above assessment, there appears no reason to refuse the application on highway safety grounds and subject to further details to be clarified in the TMP and CMS there are no objections raised to the proposal’s access and transportation arrangements.
Third Party Representations
Threat to road safety – the proposed site access is from a much used B-road, close to bends. The Head of Transport and Engineering is satisfied that the proposed development can meet current road safety requirements and through the submission of a pre- commencement traffic management plan will provide details of how traffic will be regulated adjacent to the construction site access along the B4337 highway.
Damage to the local highway network by the construction vehicles. As part of the TMP that will be secured through a planning condition the applicant will be required to provide a road condition survey before and after the construction phase. If damage is directly attributed to the movement of the construction traffic, the Council will seek to retrieve the costs for repair.
The volume of HGV traffic along the A485 and Rhydcymerau road will increase significantly during the construction phase of the proposal by as much as 24 additional HGV movements a day. The concerns relating to the volume of the movements during the construction phase of the development have been addressed in the Transport section of the officer’s report.
No details of the dimensions of the largest turbine parts nor the size of the vehicles needed to transport them. Details of the turbine parts have been provided in the proposal particulars and these have been available for members of the public to inspect on the Council’s website. The combined weight of the heaviest component and delivery vehicle is 90 tonnes. The applicant has confirmed with the Council’s highway section that no weak points or bridges have been identified along the delivery route.
No details of where construction workers will park or wheel washing facilities. These will be requested in the Construction Method Statement which will be secured by planning condition and submitted for approval prior to the commencement of development.
The visibility splay proposed for the site access will not meet highway standards for this road. This matter is addressed above.
Lack of passing places along the A485 which will be the delivery route for the turbines. This poses a risk to emergency services travelling to and from the hospital in Carmarthen. . An emergency services plan will be expected to form part of the TMP. Furthermore the abnormal loads are likely to have police escorts that will be able to control traffic flow and allow emergency vehicles pass.
Construction traffic will have a harmful effect on the safety of those accessing the primary school in Llanybydder. No concerns have been raised by the Head of Transport and Engineering regarding road safety issues between construction traffic and vehicles and pedestrians accessing the primary school in Llanybydder.
HGV vehicles used during the construction phase could damage property along the delivery route. The A485/B4337 is already used by HGV traffic on a daily basis therefore it
would be difficult to attribute the movements associated with the application to any structural damage. Furthermore the case officer has not been presented with any details of structurally unsound buildings along the route that might require further investigation.
A dry run should be carried out before the determination of the application so issues such as maximum axel loads along the route can be identified. The applicant has provided swept path analysis of the proposed abnormal load delivery route which indicates that minor street works will be required. Furthermore no weight restrictions have been identified. These details are considered acceptable in principle by the Highways Officer. This will be verified via a dry-run which will be a condition of the planning permission.
Unacceptable visibility splays at the construction access if it continues to be used after the construction period when the temporary 30mph speed limit is in place. As above
How will the ramp and guard rail be mitigated for at Llanybydder cross roads during the construction period. The Traffic Management Plan will provide details of how the temporary loss of pedestrian safety features will be mitigated for during the construction phase of the development.
Concern that the turbine blades as indicated on drawing number 289208- 100A1.1 will overhang the delivery trailer by over 6m. Reference has been made to a recent appeal decision in Carmarthenshire (APP/M6825/A/14/2222172) where the Inspector noted that the delivery details showed a similar blade overhang dimension. The Inspector was not satisfied with these access arrangements and dismissed the appeal on this basis. In the response to the above concerns, firstly a blade overhanging a delivery trailer by the dimension indicated is not uncommon for movements of this nature, despite the reservations of the Inspector. Furthermore the submitted swept path analysis details have taken into account the dimensions of the vehicle and turbine blade in assessing whether a safe movement can be made at the junction. No objection has been raised by the Council’s highway engineer.
Noise
In accordance with industry guidelines relating to wind turbine noise (ETSU-R-97), in addition to PPW and TAN8 a noise impact assessment has been undertaken which compares predicted noise levels produced by the wind turbines against existing background noise levels. Predictions of wind turbine noise have been made, based upon a sound power level for an Enercon E70 2.3 MW machine.
Background noise monitoring was carried out at a single location and the noise assessment concluded that there would be no unacceptable noise impacts on nearby residential properties from the proposed wind turbines.
The noise assessment also concluded that the proposed turbines are acceptable with respect to cumulative noise. The cumulative noise assessment examines whether noise levels for the Proposed Development operating in combination with the turbine near Till Hill and the proposed turbines at Bryn Dafydd and Brechfa Forest East would be acceptable on nearby residential properties.
The Council’s Environmental Health Section is satisfied with the assessment that has been submitted and also raises no objection to the proposed noise emissions from the turbine subject to the predicted noise limits being adhered to. Moreover the scheme will be within
the acceptable noise limits advised by the ETSU-R-97 document relating to wind turbine noise. Appropriate conditions will be attached to ensure the limits are not exceeded whilst a ‘switch-off’ provision will be incorporated into a condition when cumulative noise impacts exceed the levels indicated in the condition.
Third Party Representations
The applicant’s cumulative noise assessment with other turbines is inadequate. The Council’s EHO is satisfied with the level of assessment submitted by the applicant for the purposes of assessing cumulative noise impact.
The noise assessment has not carried out site specific noise survey recording at neighbouring residential properties notably Caermalwas Fach. The applicant has therefore failed to assess the noise impact in accordance with ETSU-R-97. The Council’s EHO is satisfied with the method of survey undertaken at Caermalwas Fach. Only 1 noise sensitive property required background noise assessment
Concern regarding the placing and accuracy of noise monitoring equipment on site and whether this accurately predicts the noise the proposed turbines will emit. The applicant placed a SODAR device on site rather than a met mast to record wind speed. Both SODAR and met masts are accepted as standard best practice for noise measuring. The Council’s EHO has raised no concerns regarding the method of recording noise or the placing of the equipment.
The cumulative assessment fails to take account of Bryn Dafydd. The turbine at Bryn Dafydd was included in the original assessment (7.101).
More properties should have been included in the background noise assessment. The Council’s EHO is satisfied with the level of assessment submitted by the applicant. Only 1 neighbouring dwelling was required to have a background noise survey in accordance with noise guidance.
Impact upon Pantycrws some 450m to the north east of Turbine 2. This property is not a habitable dwelling and planning permission was refused for an agricultural dwelling at this location under planning reference W/19974 in 2009.
Historic Environment
Consultations have been carried out with Cadw and the Authority’s archaeological consultants Dyfed Archaeological Trust (DAT). Both are satisfied with the submitted assessment and conclude that there will be no significant harm in Cadw’s case upon scheduled ancient monuments and in DAT’s archaeological remains. DAT have requested however that an archaeological watching brief is carried out during the undertaking of ground works.
The applicant’s heritage assessment identifies 3 listed buildings within 5km of the site. The applicant concludes that the effect will be negligible upon one and no impact on the significance of the other 2. Having assessed the location of these buildings in relation to the site and having regard to screening, orientation and separation distance it is considered that the applicant’s conclusions are acceptable.
Third Party Representations
There is evidence of pre-historic earthworks to the north of the site. Cadw should investigate. Cadw have raised no objection to impact upon the setting of this unscheduled earthworks.
Impact upon the historic field pattern in the area. Cadw and NRW raise no adverse comments with regard to the turbine’s impact upon the historic field pattern of the area.
Drainage
The construction of the base of the turbines, the access road into the south of the site, and the site substation all have the potential to increase surface water runoff rates and volumes from the site. Vulnerable areas will be the stream that runs adjacent to the proposed access track, the property at Esgairliving and the local highway network. Pollution of watercourses and water bodies is a risk associated with the construction process for example as a result of excavation of soil and possible pollutants from machines etc. Notwithstanding these concerns the Council’s Land Drainage Engineer is satisfied with the level of detail provided and raises no adverse objections subject to a surface water management plan (SWMP) condition.
In the event that the applicant receives planning permission a condition will be attached to the consent requiring the applicant to present mitigation measures within the SWMP to ensure surface water run-off is attenuated on site, whilst also ensuring that pollution is controlled in accordance with NRW guidance and best practice. This detail will be expected prior to the commencement of development but after a thorough site investigation to fully assess the site’s drainage characteristics. Approval of SWMP will be required before work can commence on site.
Third Party Representations
The proposed access track will extend to within a short distance of a watercourse running adjacent to the site and could cause unacceptable flooding and pollution of the watercourse The application does not contain details about how this watercourse will be protected. The Council’s drainage engineer and NRW have raised no objection in principle with regard to the proposal’s drainage proposals during construction and operation providing they comply with standard pollution prevention guidelines and are secured following the site investigation stage through a SWMP (see above).
The steep proposed access track rising from the B4337 will result in surface water run-off problems. No adverse comments have been received from the Council’s Drainage Engineer regarding the gradient of the access track.
Contamination of groundwater during construction activities. The Council’s drainage engineer and NRW have raised no objection in principle with regard to the proposal’s drainage proposals during construction and operation providing they comply with standard pollution prevention guidelines and are secured following the site investigation stage through the SWMP.
The impact on the Afon Duar catchment needs to be assessed because much of the proposed construction area drains into this catchment. The applicant has confirmed that
the proposal does not drain into this catchment. The Council’s Land Drainage Engineer is in agreement with the applicant.
Has drainage and flood risk been considered for the sub-station – No adverse comments have been raised by the Council’s Drainage Section regarding the impact from the sub- station. The method of drainage at this location will need to be included in the SWMP.
Concern regarding this winter’s rainfall and the affect it may have on machinery and the construction phase. The concern regarding rainfall is noted, however, the Council’s drainage engineer is satisfied with the information submitted to asses land drainage. A planning condition will also be included in relation to the submission of a surface water management scheme.
Socio-economic, Recreation and Tourism
This section of the report assesses the proposal’s impact on the County socio-economic baseline and also how these impacts relate to tourism and recreation opportunities.
The Proposed Development has the potential to generate a range of direct and indirect economic benefits for local businesses as it is anticipated that a reasonable proportion of the cost of the civil, electrical and grid connection work will be spent locally or within the UK. In the event that permission is granted the applicant is likely to go out to tender on the build of the development so there are no guarantees that local companies will be utilised.
Notwithstanding this, potential local contracts would be for services and materials such as the provision of aggregates for the construction of access tracks and foundations, plant hire and operators, and the transportation of construction materials. Local firms would be expected to have a competitive cost advantage due to the transportation costs being minimised. Other areas where local businesses may have relevant capabilities and experience (although not necessarily in wind energy construction) include site preparation works, access road construction, turbine foundation and hard standing construction, cable laying and electrical work, fencing, landscaping and security services etc. The applicant estimates that potentially up to 12 short term construction jobs could be sustained from the local area over the construction period, which would be no more than 8 months.
If the application is approved the applicant proposes to provide a community benefit scheme. There will be a sum available of £5,000 per Mw installed capacity over the lifetime of the project. Based on the candidate Enercon turbine, this equates to £23,000 per annum for the 25 year lifetime of the permission. Whilst this fund would be a positive economic benefit to the area members should not take this into consideration when determining this application. These financial commitments are not mandatory or a requirement of planning policy, furthermore TAN 8 is explicit in stating that they should not form part of the decision making process. On this basis they have not been considered in this assessment, and members are reminded not to have regard to these contributions when determining the scheme.
The applicant has provided details which assess the proposal’s impact upon the area and County’s tourism economy. Much of this assessment draws on exiting research carried out in relation to actual and potential impact of wind farms on tourism. The consensus from the research is that there has been no measurable economic impact, either positively or negatively, of wind farms on tourism. An analysis of tourist attractions in the County has been carried out by the applicant, for the purposes of assessing potential impact. The
report concludes that the proposed wind farm will not significantly harm tourism in the County.
Although the applicant’s tourism report has a number weaknesses in terms of the level of analysis of the local area and tourism economy, it is considered that there are considerable difficulties in proving that the proposed wind farm will significantly impact on the tourism sector of the local economy.
A large number of local residents and tourist providers have concerns that the visual and landscape impact of the proposal will discourage people from visiting the area and that this could in turn affect the tourist trade in the locality. These concerns are considered reasonable and it is not doubted that the area’s scenic qualities are a reason for people visiting and staying, although it cannot be categorically claimed that the proposed wind farm will result in a significant adverse impact upon the tourist economy. For instance those coming to fish or cycle are likely to be drawn by the quality of the fishing beats or the variety and difficulty of mountain bike trails. Uninterrupted scenic qualities may not be regarded as a top priority for this user group or a reason for their visit. Furthermore visitors staying at local accommodation may be using it as a base to explore locations further afield e.g. Coastal towns along the Ceredigion coast. The proposed wind farm would not affect their enjoyment of the coastal area.
No evidence has been presented by the objectors or action groups to quantify the value of tourism in the area and resultant impact from the wind farm. Without this there is considered insufficient grounds upon which to refuse the application. For example, there is no robust independent data that provides: analysis of local visitor numbers; an accurately defined study area; reasons for visiting; visitor perception of the area; total amount spent during visit and where; local visitor/tourist opinions on the introduction of wind farm development in the area; and no information on the estimated monetary value of tourism to the study / local economy.
With this level of information, and a quantifiable monetary figure for the estimated spending associated with tourism, the proportion of visitor spending linked to landscape qualities / recreation activities could be assessed. Without analysis of this sort of data at a local level it will be difficult to quantify and justify any significant adverse impacts upon the tourism sector in the area. Furthermore the LPA is not aware of any research that has been carried out concluding that an existing operational wind farm has resulted in a significant downturn in the local tourist economy.
Notwithstanding the above, the impact on the site’s visual and recreational amenity value have been addressed in the Landscape and Visual and Public Access/Recreation Sections of this report, where it is considered that the visual amenity of recreational users of the site will not be adversely harmed.
Third Party Representations
Damage to the local economy – the development would have a negative impact on tourism and would threaten long term job opportunities and the local economy. The representations referred to above are acknowledged and it is considered that these have been adequately addressed in this section of the officer’s report.
The turbines will not comply with British Horse Society’s separation distance guidelines and will have an unacceptable impact upon horses and riders. Neither the applicant nor
the objectors have provided independent research or survey work that confirms their respective opinions regarding the impact on horses. Nevertheless the British Horse Riders Society’s (BHS) guidance relating to wind turbines referred to in TAN8 indicates that a 200m separation distance should be maintained from public bridleways. There are no bridleways in the vicinity of the site.
Impact upon a local equestrian and saddler business by virtue of the turbines harming the tranquil setting of the trails used by the business - Concern has been expressed that the proposal will indirectly harm the well being of a local equine business. This is based on the presence of the proposed turbines rather than any disruption or diversion to bridleways and the possibility of horse owners spending less on their horses and less visits to the equine business. No evidence has been submitted to prove that this would be the case. Moreover, there will be no net loss of bridleways as a result of the proposal, whilst separation from bridleways as indicated in TAN8 has been provided.
Energy
There is no dispute that the scheme would provide a substantial amount of renewable energy and it is conceivable that the proposal will generate 10 x the amount of energy generated by a 500kw single turbine. The applicant estimates that the proposal will help to meet Welsh Government, UK and EU carbon reduction targets – by generating c.10,372 MWh of electricity per annum over the duration of the operational phase. This could produce enough renewable electricity to power (up to) 2,590 homes in Carmarthenshire and equate to off-setting of the emission of 4,460 tonnes of carbon dioxide per annum.
Whilst Carmarthenshire provides a significant proportion of renewable energy compared to other welsh authorities, the recent Appeal decision for a wind turbine at Hill Farm, Ludchurch, Pembrokeshire (Ref APP/N6845/A/13/2205770), concluded - “The output from Welsh renewable energy schemes contributes to overall UK targets. There is no ceiling on the targets and I have therefore given little weight to the potential capacity within Wales.
Furthermore recent doubt has been raised with regard to the meeting of the UK’s projected renewable energy targets for 2020 amid the removal of the government’s subsidy system for 5MW+ schemes and the uncertainty that exists in relation to consented but as yet undeveloped schemes.
Despite the UK government’s current lack of clarity regarding its commitment to renewable energy, its importance to Wales was emphasised by the Welsh Government’s Minister for Natural Resources in a statement (14 August 2015) which reaffirmed the Welsh Government’s continuing support for renewable energy developments and made particular reference to the benefits available from onshore wind. He said the Welsh Government still sees renewable energy as a “key element in ensuring that Wales achieves sustainable development for the benefit of future generations”. The letter also notes that the premature end of the Renewable Obligation support mechanism for larger wind farms is likely to “inevitably shift the focus onto smaller schemes”. The Minister continues by stating that Wales is equally well placed to benefit from smaller projects. Reference is also made to the recent ‘Green Growth Wales: Local Energy’ publication, which states that the Minister will write to local planning authorities setting out the expectation that they will plan positively for renewable and low carbon developments. This step is already being made by Carmarthenshire with it Landscape Capacity and Sensitivity study in relation to wind and solar schemes which is nearing completion.
The regulatory framework for climate change action has also been strengthened by the Welsh Government through the introduction of the Well-being of Future Generations (Wales) Act and the emerging Environment (Wales) Bill. The Environment (Wales) Bill will provide the Welsh Ministers with powers to put in place statutory emission reduction targets and carbon budgeting to support their delivery.
Whilst the above statements and polices are important to the energy debate in Wales, the benefits of wind energy still have to be balanced against the environmental harm of turbines. In this case the renewable energy contribution is considerable and outweighs the adverse impacts identified by the Council’s Landscape Officer. Furthermore the proposal has successfully avoided most of the potential constraints relating to a development of this nature.
Other Issues
Shadow Flicker
Shadow flicker can occur when the sun passes directly behind the rotors of a wind turbine, casting a shadow over neighbouring properties. As the blades rotate the shadow can flick on and off but this only occurs inside buildings where the flicker appears through a narrow window/door opening. TAN8: Planning for Renewable Energy (2005) states that shadow flicker “is seasonal and only lasts for a few hours per day” (WAG, 2005).
The Scottish Office (2002) PAN 45 guidelines and Planning Policy Statement PPS22 (ODPM, 2004a) have predicted that houses located further than 10 rotor diameters away from a wind turbine are unlikely to experience a disturbance from shadow flicker. Although these are not Welsh policies they are nevertheless material considerations in the absence of Welsh guidance.
The applicant states in the ‘Shadow Flicker’ chapter in the ER that there are 2 houses within 710m (10x rotor diameters) Tanrhiw and Esgairliving. The assessment which has used computer software to predict the impact from shadow flicker concludes there will be no effect on these properties and that mitigation through a planning condition is not necessary.
Aviation
Civil and military aviation organisations have been consulted. No objections or concerns have been raised by the Ministry of Defence, Civil Aviation Authority or the National Air Traffic body regarding the impact of the turbines on aviation interest.
Telecommunications
In terms of the impact upon TV reception, no objection has been received from the BBC and ITV’s network operators, notwithstanding this a planning condition will be included requesting that a TV reception survey is carried out prior to construction to calculate the interference currently experienced in the vicinity of the proposal. Once the wind turbines are operational, any reports of deterioration in signal quality experienced will be investigated and the applicant will be required to mitigate any loss of reception.
Other fixed link operators which include phone and broadband companies have been consulted and all raise no objection to the proposed development.
Third Party Representations
Consultation should be carried out with mobile broadband providers in addition to fixed link providers. Notification was given by a third party of the mobile broadband operators with apparatus in the vicinity of the site (ResQ and Avonlink). These providers have been consulted on the application but to date no response has been received.
Lack of strategy outside of strategic search areas (SSAs) – Objectors to the application have cited a lack of strategy on behalf of the Council when assessing turbines outside of the SSA. No specific policy exists at local level. Notwithstanding this each application is thoroughly assessed and members will be aware of the illustrative plans shown at Planning Committee which assess the cumulative impact of schemes with other consented and operational projects. Moreover a Landscape Sensitivity and Capacity Study is currently being complied that will assess the parts of the County which can accommodate wind turbine development and identify those parts that are more sensitive to wind energy.
General concerns regarding the risk the turbines pose to health and safety. No specific issues have been identified; nevertheless the proposed development will need to comply with construction industry safety standards and procedures.
The community benefit fund contribution is insignificant compared to the developer’s profits – Details of the applicant’s community benefit fund have been referred to above, however, this is for information purposes only and it should not be regarded as a material consideration in the determination of this scheme. Community benefit funds are not mandatory or a requirement of policy.
The grid connection is disproportionately expensive. This is a cost that must be borne by the developer and is not considered a material consideration in the assessment of this application.
Concern that the turbine is within topple distance of telecom lines and within a BT buffer zone. The applicant has confirmed that he will not be micro-siting where this would encroach on the BT Link Buffer as shown on Constraints Plan (Figure 3.0). This provision can be secured by planning condition and will also ensure other services and communication links are safeguarded.
The micorsiting flexibility of 25m would bring the turbine into contact with constraints. The planning condition referred to above will be applied to overcome this concern.
No details of the cabling that will be required to link the turbines to the sub-station. An amended plan has been submitted showing the proposed turbines and associated underground cabling linked contiguously to the proposed sub-station.
Contradictory turbine grid references in the application documents. The applicant confirms that the wind turbine locations are as per the submitted 1:5000 site plan.
Several residential properties within 1000m have not been listed by the applicant in the supporting documents. It appears that properties have been incorrectly referenced in the assessment of the application. Notwithstanding this the case officer is satisfied that all have been assessed and property locations have been verified on site.
General concern regarding the environmental impact of a 6km electricity grid connection that will be required to connect to the nearest connection point in Lampeter. A grid connection application will need to be made separately if this wind farm application is approved. The likelihood is that this will be submitted to the District Network Operator (DNO) and assessed under the electricity operator’s permitted development rights. This will be a separate assessment carried out by the DNO and there are no guarantees permission will be given, regardless of whether an extant permission is in place for a wind farm at this location. Members will recall that a similar position was adopted by the Brechfa Forest and Bryn Llywelyn wind farms.
The application has failed to assess the cumulative impact of the proposal with construction traffic relating to wind farm developments in SSA G. The timing of Abnormal Indivisible Loads (AIL) can be controlled through the Traffic Management Plan to ensure there is no conflict on the road network with other AIL movements associated with neighbouring wind farms.
No wind data submitted by the applicant – without this the applicant can’t evidence or quantify the amount of renewable energy it is capable of producing. A meteorological mast is not a mandatory requirement in planning policy. Nevertheless permission exists for one on site (planning application W/31702). If the application is approved the met mast will be erected and used to measure site performance measurements which is separate from the wind speed measurements undertaken as part of the noise survey. Notwithstanding this radar equipment has been used on site to measure wind speed and can be used to predict the site’s energy capabilities.
The proposal would be against the following LDP policies: GP1, EMP4, EQ4, EQ6, RE1, RE2, TR2, TR3, EP3, SP11, SP14, EP1. A full assessment of the proposal against relevant planning policy has been carried out in the main body of the report.
Harmful impact on the health of local residents. The impact of the development on the health of adjacent residential occupiers is addressed in the main body of the report.
The ownership of the area proposed for development is unclear. Land ownership details have been provided in the application form with notices being served on landowners whose land forms part of the development proposal or will be affected by the development.
The application if approved will set an undesirable precedent for large turbines outside of the SSA. The proposal has been considered acceptable in policy terms by the case officer on the basis of the assessment made and the contribution it will make to renewable energy targets and aspirations. It will be under 5MW which is permitted in areas outside of the SSA providing the project satisfies environmental constraints. It is not considered that the proposal will set an undesirable precedent if members were to approve the application.
A large body of evidence now exists to suggest that wind turbines disturb sleep and impair health at distances and noise levels that are permitted in most jurisdictions as a result of infrasound and amplitude modulation. There is no government endorsed evidence or planning policy that confirms this to be the case. Noise limits are set in decibels and the applicant has demonstrated that these can be complied with in respect of the candidate turbine.
Possible impact from infrasound which can cause sleep disturbance and other health problems. There is no government endorsed evidence that infra sound from a wind turbine
would be above thresholds considered to be harmful. The Council’s EHO has not raised any adverse concerns with regard to this matter.
The EIA screening request in Appendix 1 of the applicant’s environmental statement refers to turbine 2 being sited 350m away from where is currently proposed as part of the application documents. A revised turbine location for T2 is shown on the site plan that accompanies the application. A revised screening opinion was issued by the Council to reflect this change. The proposal was not considered EIA development under this screening assessment.
Turbines only produce a fraction of their installed capacity making them inefficient. Wind turbines are regarded as one of the cheapest forms of electricity production per kw and one of the most sustainable. It is cheaper than coal and similar to the cost of nuclear energy production. The Government is commitment to its policy on wind farms and their contribution to meeting renewable energy targets. The Government considers that wind farms contribute to a mixed energy sector, which is not dependent on one energy source. Furthermore energy sector evidence indicates that electricity produced from wind turbines is cheaper to produce per kw than more conventional energy sources such as coal, gas and oil. This takes into account construction costs, maintenance costs and the cost of financing. Wind energy also causes no pollution or effect to human health during operation. The same can’t be said for coal and oil.
Impact on property values. The impact of development on property values is not a material planning consideration.
The development is not a community based wind farm scheme. It is not clear how objectors define this, however, there is no planning policy requirement that states that the wind farm should be restricted to a community based scheme.
Separation distance should be turbine height plus 10%. The proposed turbines will maintain a minimum separation distance from electricity lines which is topple distance plus 10%, in accordance with the Electricity Council Standard. A vibration control system can reduce the wake effect upon the turbine.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion it is considered that the proposed development would bring considerable benefits in the generation of renewable energy. These benefits outweigh the only unacceptable impact identified in the appraisal i.e. the impact upon the character of the Teifi valley and the locally designated Teifi valley Special Landscape Area (SLA). The development will ensure no significant adverse impact upon the visual amenities of receptors, residential amenity, nature conservation and biodiversity, highway safety, aviation and telecommunication interests, cultural heritage, the water environment, tourism and recreational users and therefore complies with relevant LDP policies covering these topic area. Where impacts have been identified these will be mitigated by appropriate management and compensation proposals which will be secured by planning conditions. On balance the proposal is considered acceptable and accordingly approval is recommended.
RECOMMENDATION – APPROVAL
CONDITIONS
1 The development hereby permitted shall be commenced before the expiration of five years from the date of this permission.
2 The development shall be carried out in accordance with the following approved plans and documents:
3.0 – Constraints Plan 3.2 – Typical Site Track Cross Section 3.3 – Temporary Construction Compound 3.4 – Typical Crane Hardstanding Layout 3.5 – Typical Transformer Details 3.6 – Typical Cable Trench Construction Details 3.7 – Indicative Substation Building Elevations 3.8 – Substation Floor and Roof Plan 3.9 – Typical Turbine Foundation Details Environmental Report Appendix 1 - Screening Appendix 3 – Public Exhibition Appendix 4 – Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment Appendix 5 – Historic Enviornment Desk Based Assessment Appendix 6 -Ecology Appendix 7 - Noise Appendix 8 – Shadow Flicker Appendix 12 – Infrastructure and Safety Planning Statement Final Version Figure 3-0 - Onsite Constraints Figure 4.1 – Landscape Designations Figure 4.2 – Viewpoint Location Plan Figure 4.3 – Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) Figure 4.4 – Landscape Designations and ZTV Figure 4.5 – LANDMAP Geological Land Classification Figure 4.6 – LANDMAP Geological Land Evaluation Figure 4.7 – LANDMAP Landscape Habitat Classification Figure 4.8 – LANDMAP Landscape Habitat Evaluation Figure 4.9 – LANDMAP Visual & Sensory Classification Figure 4.10 – LANDMAP Visual & Sensory Evaluation Figure 4.11 – LANDMAP Historic Landscape Classification Figure 4.12 – LANDMAP Historic Landscape Evaluation Figure 4.13 – LANDMAP Cultural Landscape Classification Figure 4.14 – LANDMAP Cultural Landscape Rarity Evaluation Figure 4.15 – LANDMAP Cultural Landscape Group Value Evaluation Figure 4.16 – LANDMAP Character Areas Figure 4.17 – LANDMAP Character Areas and ZTV Figure 4.18 - 4.22 – Viewpoints and Wireframes Figure 4.23 – 4.32 - Photomontages Figure 4.33 – Residential Visual Amenity Property Location Plan and ZTV Figure 4.34 – 4.38 – Residential Wireframes Figure 4.39 – Cumulative Schemes
Figure 4.40 – Cumulative Schemes, Cumulative ZTV and Viewpoints Figure 5.1 – Designated Heritage Assets within 5km and ZTV Figure 6.1 – Phase 1 Ecology Figure 9.1 – Study Area and Traffic Count Locations Figure 9.2 – Abnormal Indivisible Load Route Viewpoint location plan 1:125,000 @A3 Received 12th February 2015
Design and Access Statement Received 16th February 2015
Figure 1.1 Site Location 1:50,000 @A3 –Rev 2 Figure 3.1 Typical Wind Turbine Elevation 1:500 @A3 Figure 3.2 Typical Site Track Cross Section 1:500 @A3 Figure 5.1 Designated Heritage Assets within 5km of Proposed Turbine Locations 1:45,000 @A3 Figure 6.1 Phase 1 Habitats Survey @A3 Figure 10.1Location of Watercourses Received 11th February 2015
Ecology Statement Ecology Infrastructure @A3 Received 20th May 2015
Bat Survey Bat Survey – Bat Transect and Static Detector Survey Plan Received 9th June 2015
Golden Plover Assessment Bat Transect and Static Detector Survey 1:5500 @A3 Received 16th July 2015
Golden Plover Assessment Received 30th July 2015
Bat Report Spring/Summer 2015 Received 5th August 2015
Draft Habitat Management Plan Received 23rd September 2015
Bat Report Received 23rd October 2015
Physical Landscape Impact Audit Received 23rd December 2015
Site Layout 1:5000 @A3 Received 13th January 2016
Appendix 9 – Traffic and Transport Received 14th January 2016
3 (1) The development shall expire 25 years after the first export date. (2) Confirmation of the first export date shall be provided in writing by the undertaker to the local planning authority within one month of its occurrence. (3) The provision at 2 (1) excludes temporary works, which must be removed from site within 12 months of the first export date.
4 (1) Not less than 12 months before the expiry of this Planning Permission, a decommissioning and site restoration scheme shall be submitted to the local planning authority for its written approval. (2) The decommissioning and site restoration scheme shall include provision for: (a) removal of all above-ground elements of the authorised development (including of on-site access tracks); (b) removal of turbine bases and cabling to one metre below ground level; and (c) restoration of the areas disturbed by decommissioning. (3) Decommissioning and restoration shall be completed in accordance with the approved decommissioning and site restoration scheme within 24 months of the expiry of this permission.
5 Notwithstanding the provisions of Condition 2, in constructing the authorised development the undertaker may micro site wind turbines within 25 metres of the positions shown on the approved plans but must remain within topple distance of the minor road located to the north and within the buffer zones of electricity and telecommunication services.
6 If the wind turbines hereby permitted cease to operate for a continuous period of 6 months, unless otherwise approved in writing by the Local Planning Authority, a scheme for the decommissioning and removal of the wind turbines and any other ancillary equipment and structures relating solely to the wind turbine shall be submitted and approved in writing by the Local Planning Authority within 3 months of the end of the cessation period. The scheme shall include details for the restoration of the site. The scheme shall be implemented within 3 months of the date of its approval by the Local Planning Authority.
7 The developer shall ensure that a professionally qualified archaeologist is present during the undertaking of any ground works, so that an archaeological watching brief can be carried out. The archaeological watching brief will be undertaken to the standards laid down by the Institute for Archaeologists. The Planning Authority will be informed, in writing at least two weeks prior to the commencement of the development, of the name of the said archaeologist.
8 Before construction of the onsite substation/control building, details of the following shall be submitted to, and approved in writing by the local planning authority:
(a) Material specifications: external design, appearance and finish of the onsite substation/control building, any associated hard standing areas, boundary treatment and the electrical compound shall be submitted to the relevant planning authority. The authorised development shall be completed as approved.
9 The hours of work during the construction phase of the authorised development and any traffic movements into and out of the site associated with the construction or
maintenance of the authorised development shall be 0800 to 1800 hours on Mondays to Fridays and 0800 to 1300 hours on Saturdays other than as allowed for under Condition 6. No work shall take place outside these hours, or on public holidays.
10 Notwithstanding the provisions of Condition 9, delivery of turbine and crane components may take place outside the times specified in Condition 9 subject to such deliveries first being approved in writing by the local planning authority 96 hours prior to the commencement of the scheduled delivery.
11 (1) No development shall commence until a construction method statement has been submitted to and approved in writing by the local planning authority. (2) The construction method statement shall include details of —
(a) the timing of construction works, including the timing of vegetation removal to avoid the potential for effects on reptiles and nesting birds and European protected species; (b) the wheel washing facilities, including siting; (c) the timing of works and methods of working for cable trenches, foundation works and erection of the wind turbines; (d) the cleaning of site accesses and the adjacent public highway and the sheeting of all heavy goods vehicles taking spoil or construction materials to/from the site to prevent spillage or deposit of any materials on the highway; (e) the pollution control and prevention measures to be implemented including (i) sediment control, (ii) the bunding of fuel, oil and chemical storage areas, (iii) sewage disposal, (iv) measures for the protection of water courses and ground water and soils and, (v) a programme for monitoring water bodies before and during construction, including details of the action to be taken if monitoring indicates adverse effects on water bodies; (f) the disposal of surplus materials; (g) the management of construction noise (including identification of access routes, locations of materials lay-down areas, details of equipment to be employed, operations to be carried out, mitigation measures and a scheme for the monitoring of noise); (h) the handling, storage and re-use on site of soil; (I) the design and construction methods of the site access track including drainage provisions, and the pollution prevention measures to be implemented to ensure there are no polluting discharges from tracks and disturbed areas including provision to ensure that no polluting discharge from the access tracks and disturbed areas enters any watercourse; (j) the nature, type and quantity of materials to be imported on site for backfilling operations or construction of access tracks; (k) the management of dust; (l) the proposed temporary site compounds for storage of materials, machinery and parking within the sites clear of the highway, including the siting of the temporary buildings and all means of enclosure, oil/fuel and chemical storage and any proposals for temporary lighting, and details of proposals for restoration of the sites of the temporary compounds and works within 12 months of the first export date;
(m) the design and construction of any culverts; (n) mitigation measures to be implemented to avoid harm to protected species and minimise damage to Local Biodiversity Action Plan habitats. (o) the restoration of the parts of the site which will be temporarily used for construction; and (p) any other measures set out in the Environmental Report. (q) specific method statements for the cut and fill operations associated with the access track, including details of proposals to maximise the successful establishment of native plant species.
(3) Before any wind turbine is removed or replaced a revised construction method statement, dealing with that removal or replacement, shall be submitted to and approved by the local planning authority. (4) The construction method statement shall be implemented as approved.
12 (1) No development shall commence until a construction traffic management plan has been submitted to and approved in writing by the local planning authority. The construction traffic management plan shall include:
(a) the carrying out of an Abnormal Indivisible Load (AIL) dry-run from the Port of entry to the site access with the B4337 to be conducted prior to the commencement of development. The results of the dry-run shall be reported to the LPA. (b) Construction vehicle routing plans at 1:2500 scale for all traffic including AIL showing highway mitigation required and land ownership boundaries including identified holding areas, passing areas and layout areas. Any highway mitigation shall include supporting HD19/03 Safety Audit documentation. (c) Any necessary agreements have been entered into for traffic regulation orders and works required for highway widening and holding areas/passing bays. (d) Site access highway design plans at 1:2500 scale that includes supporting HD19/03 Safety Audit documentation; (e) Proposals for the management of junctions to and crossings of highways and other public rights of way during delivery of AIL, construction materials and other operating equipment; (f) The provision of delivery schedules detailing the time and date of movements, nature of delivery vehicles, particularly details of AIL vehicle parameters, gross vehicle weight, number of vehicles in convoy size, dimensions (width, length, height) and weight (total vehicle with load and axel loading); (g) details of AIL escorts highlighting where and when along the route private vehicles, banks man and Police vehicles escorts will be used; (f) Provision of plan drawings and associated traffic signs schedule highlighting locations along the route where temporary traffic management (cones, temporary signs etc) needs to be deployed;; (g) proposals for assessing the existing condition of affected highways; (h) details of any temporary or permanent improvements to highways; and (i) proposals for the making good of any incidental damage and widening to highways by construction traffic associated with the authorised development including street furniture, structures, drainage features, highway verge,
including landscape features thereon, (e.g. trees, scrub and hedgerow) and carriageway surfaces. (k) details of an emergency services mitigation plan (2) The construction traffic management plan shall be implemented as approved. (3) Before any wind turbine is removed or replaced a revised construction traffic management plan, dealing with that removal or replacement, shall be submitted to and approved in writing by the local planning authority.
13 No development shall commence until an ecological clerk of works and a hydrological clerk of works have been appointed in consultation with the relevant planning authority. The ecological clerk and hydrological clerk of works shall be a suitably qualified environmental professional and shall be retained throughout the duration of civil construction works on site to advise on minimizing ecological and hydrological effects of the construction activities.
14 To prevent any demonstrable harm to the amenity of any residents residing at Caermalwas Fawr, the cumulative rating level of noise immission from the wind turbines (including the application of any tonal penalty) should not exceed the levels stipulated within the below table 1 below:
Table 1 The LA90, 10min dB Noise Levels at Caermalwas Fawr
Standardised wind speed 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 at 10 metre height (m/s) Caermalwas (dB) 35 35 35 35 36 36 37 37 37
15 To prevent any demonstrable harm to the amenity of any residents residing at any noise sensitive properties (excluding Caermalwas), the cumulative rating level of noise immission from the turbines (including the application of any tonal penalty) should not exceed 35 dBLA90, 10 min as measured 3.5 meters from the façade of any noise sensitive property at any time, up to and including on-site wind speeds of 10 m/s at 10m height.
16 To prevent any demonstrable harm to the amenity of any residents residing at a financially involved noise sensitive premise, the cumulative rating level of noise immissions from the wind turbine (including the application of any tonal penalty) should not exceed 45dB LA90,10min as measured 3.5 meters from the site facade of any financially involved noise sensitive property at any time, up to an including on site wind speeds of 10m/s at 10m height.
17 Within 28 days from the receipt of written request from the Local Planning Authority, the operator of the development shall, at its own expense, employ an independent consultant approved by the Local Planning Authority to assess the level of noise imissions from the wind turbines at the complainant’s property following the procedures described in ETSU-R-97 “The Assessment and Rating of Noise from Wind Farms”
18 During the course of the investigation, should the wind turbine be identified as operating above the parameters specified in number 1, 2 and 3 above the wind turbines will be modified, limited or shut down. These measures shall be applied until
such time as maintenance or repair is undertaken sufficient to reduce the absolute noise level of the operating turbines to within the parameters specified in Number 1, 2 and 3.
19 The developer shall provide one month’s prior written notice to the local planning authority and Ministry of Defence the anticipated date of erection of the wind turbine and prior to that erection, details of the height above ground level of the highest structure in the development; and the position of the wind turbine in terms of latitude and longitude. 20 No development shall take place until written proposals for a Landscape and Biodiversity Compensation Scheme have been submitted to, and approved in writing, by the Local Planning Authority. The scheme shall include a timescale for implementation. The scheme shall be implemented in full accordance with the approved details.
21 No development shall commence until a detailed habitat management plan consistent with the submitted outline habitat management plan has been submitted to and approved by the relevant planning authority. The habitat management plan shall include: (a) the provision of a HMP Manager. (b) a detailed work programme. (c) detailed method statements for delivering the required HMP outcomes. (d) reporting mechanisms. (e) a detailed habitat monitoring and review strategy. (f) any other matters as set out in the submitted outline HMP. (g) a golden plover monitoring scheme.
The habitat management plan shall be implemented as approved.
22 No development shall commence until a scheme has been submitted to and approved by the local planning authority providing for the investigation of and remediation of any interference with television reception at any dwelling which lawfully existed or had planning permission at the date of this decision. The scheme shall be implemented as approved.
REASONS
1 Required to be imposed pursuant to Section 91 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990.
2 In the interests of clarity as to the extent of the permission.
3-4. To ensure derelict or obsolete structures do not adversely affect the environment.
5-6 To comply with the scheme as approved and to minimise environmental impact in the vicinity of the site.
7. In order to safeguard important cultural heritage and historical environment interests.
8,9,10.In the interests of general amenity.
11. To minimise environmental impact in the vicinity of the site and in the interests of general amenity.
12. In the interests of highway safety.
13. To ensures the interests of the natural and water environment are safeguarded.
10. In the interest of air safety, to highlight the physical structures associated with the development and remove the risk of an unknown physical obstruction.
11-13. In the interests of nature conservation and visual amenity
14 In the interests of residential amenity.
19. To safeguard aviation interests.
20-21. In the interests of biodiversity and nature conservation .
22 In the interests of residential amenity.
NOTE(S)
1. Further advice and guidance from consultees is provided in their consultation responses which can be viewed on the Authority’s website. This may include reference to other relevant permissions and legislation.
REASONS FOR GRANTING PLANNING PERMISSION
The decision to grant planning permission has been taken in accordance with Section 38 of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004, which requires that, in determining a planning application the determination must be in accordance with the Development Plan unless material considerations indicate otherwise.
It is considered that the proposal complies with Policy RE2, SP2, SP11 SP14, GP1, TR1, TR3, EQ3, EQ4, EQ5, EP1 and EP2 of the Local Development Plan (LDP) in that:
The turbine will not have an unacceptable impact on the visual amenity of the area through its scale, size, siting and design; It will not have an unacceptable cumulative impact in relation to existing wind turbines and other renewable energy installations; The siting, design, layout and materials used are sympathetic to the characteristics of the landform, contours and existing features of the landscape; The proposed turbines would not cause demonstrable harm to statutorily protected species and habitats and species identified in the Local Biodiversity Action Plan; The proposed turbines will not be sited, in, or impact upon archaeological resources, the setting and integrity of Conservation Areas, Listed Buildings or other areas of historical value; The proposed turbines will not cause an unreasonable risk or nuisance to, and impact; upon the amenities of, nearby residents or other members of the public;
There will be no loss of public accessibility to the area, and existing bridleways and footpaths will be safeguarded from development with no permanent loss to their length and quality; The approved development is secured by a planning condition to ensure that turbines and associated infrastructure will, at the end of the operational life of the facility, be removed and an appropriate land restoration and aftercare scheme agreed. The development will not result in significant harm to the safety or amenity of sensitive receptors and will not have an unacceptable impact on roads, rail or aviation safety; The development will not result in unacceptable electromagnetic interference to communications installations; radar or air traffic control systems; emergency services communications; or other telecommunication systems. The development will promote the energy hierarchy by reducing energy demand, promoting energy efficiency and increasing the supply of renewable energy; It would not have a significant impact on the amenity of adjacent land uses, properties, residents or the community; It embraces opportunities to enhance biodiversity and ecological connectivity; The proposal does not restrict traffic movement and/or compromise the safety of the primary road network and core network. The proposed development incorporates design features and calming measures necessary to ensure highway safety. The proposed development will include provision for Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems to allow for the disposal of surface water run-off from the highway. Impacts upon priority species can be satisfactorily mitigated, acceptably minimised and appropriately managed to include net enhancements; Provisions of the development include the management of surface water run-off to ensure the quality of the water environment is not harmed.