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Addis Ababa University School of Graduate Studies College of Social Sciences Department of Political Science and International Relations ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF SOUTH SUDANESE REFUGEES ON THE HOST COMMUNITIES OF ITANG WOREDA: A CASE STUDY OF TIERKIDI REFUGEE CAMP IN GAMBELLA REGIONAL STATE BY ENDALKACHEW GIRMA ADDIS ABABA JULY 2016 0 ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF SOUTH SUDANESE REFUGEES ON THE HOST COMMUNITIES OF ITANG WOREDA: A CASE STUDY OF TIERKIDI REFUGEE CAMP IN GAMBELLA REGIONAL STATE BY ENDALKACHEW GIRMA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES OF ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ADVISOR DR. DEMEKE ACHISO ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ADDIS ABABA JULY 2016 0 ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF SOUTH SUDANESE REFUGEES ON THE HOST COMMUNITIES OF ITANG WOREDA: A CASE STUDY OF TIERKIDI REFUGEE CAMP IN GAMBELLA REGIONAL STATE BY ENDALKACHEW GIRMA Approved by Board of Examiners Signature Date Advisor Examiner Examiner 0 Table of Contents Page Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................. i List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ iv List of Figure ................................................................................................................................ iv Acronyms ................................................................................................................................. v Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ vi Abstract ............................................................................................................................... vii Chapter One ................................................................................................................................. 1 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background of the Study ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem ...................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Objective of the Study ........................................................................................................... 5 1.3.1 General Objective ........................................................................................................... 5 1.3.2 Specific Objectives ......................................................................................................... 6 1.4 Research Questions ............................................................................................................... 6 1.4.1 General Research Question ............................................................................................ 6 1.4.2 Specific Research Questions .......................................................................................... 7 1.5 Methodology and Methods of Data Collection ..................................................................... 7 1.5.1 Research Design ............................................................................................................. 7 1.5.2 Sampling Techniques and Procedures ............................................................................ 8 1.5.3 Methods of data collection and Source of Data .............................................................. 8 1.5.3.1 Source of Data.......................................................................................................... 8 1.5.3.2 Methods of Data Collection ..................................................................................... 8 1.5.4 Methods of Data Analysis .............................................................................................. 9 i 1.6 Significance of the Study ...................................................................................................... 9 1.7 Scope of the Study................................................................................................................. 9 1.8 Ethical Considerations......................................................................................................... 10 1.9 Limitations of the Study ...................................................................................................... 10 1.10 Organization of the Study ................................................................................................. 11 Chapter Two ............................................................................................................................... 12 2. Conceptual Framework, Literature Review and Theoretical Framework ................................ 12 2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 12 2.2 Definition of Terms and Concepts ...................................................................................... 12 2.2.1 Refugee ......................................................................................................................... 12 2.2.2 Kunz‘s Typology of Refugees.......................................................................................... 14 2.2.3 The Host Communities/Nations ................................................................................... 15 2.2.4 The Difference between Refugees and Economic Migrants ........................................ 16 2.2.5 The Distribution of Burdens and Benefits among Local Hosts .................................... 18 2.3 Literature Review ................................................................................................................ 20 2.3.1 Impacts of Refugees on Host Communities ................................................................. 20 2.3.2 Economic Impacts of Refugees on Host Communities ................................................ 20 2.3.3 Socio- Cultural and Environmental Impacts of Refugees on Host Communities ........ 23 2.3.4 Political Impacts of Refugees on Host Communities ................................................... 26 Chapter Three ............................................................................................................................... 29 3. An Overview of Gambella Regional State and Refugees in Ethiopia ...................................... 29 3.1 The Study Area: Brief Background of the People of Gambella .......................................... 29 3.1.1 Socio-cultural Aspects .................................................................................................. 30 3.1.2 Natural Resources ......................................................................................................... 32 ii 3.1.3 Modes of Livelihoods ................................................................................................... 33 3.1.4 Political Structures of Gambella Region ...................................................................... 34 3.2 Overview of Refugees in Ethiopia ...................................................................................... 37 3.2.1 Brief History of South Sudanese Refugees in Gambella Regional State ..................... 41 3.2.2 The Itang Woreda and its Refugee Camp ..................................................................... 45 3.2.3 Administrative Structure of Tierkidi Refugee Camp ................................................... 48 3.2.4 The Relationships between Refugee and the Host Community ................................... 49 3.2.5 The Response of UNHCR, ARRA and Host Communities to Refugee Crisis in Gambella ................................................................................................................................ 50 Chapter Four ............................................................................................................................... 52 4. The Economic, Socio-Cultural and Security Impacts of South Sudanese Refugees on the Host Communities of Itang, in Gambella Regional State ..................................................................... 52 4.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 52 4.2 Economic Impacts of Refugees ........................................................................................... 52 4.3 Environmental Impacts of Refugees ................................................................................... 59 4.4 Refugees Impact on the Health and Sanitation of Host Community .................................. 63 4.5 The Socio-Cultural Impacts of Refugees on the Host Community ..................................... 66 4.6 Refugees Impact on the Security of the Host Community .................................................. 69 Conclusion ..............................................................................................................................
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