DOCSLIB.ORG

Union Impact on Police Expenditures in Florida

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Union Impact on Police Expenditures in Florida University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2005 Union Impact On Police Expenditures In Florida Laurence Putchinski University of Central Florida Part of the Public Affairs Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Doctoral Dissertation (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Putchinski, Laurence, "Union Impact On Police Expenditures In Florida" (2005). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 376. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/376 UNION IMPACT ON POLICE EXPENDITURES IN FLORIDA by LAURENCE J. PUTCHINSKI, B.A. University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, 1976 M.B.A. University of Central Florida, 1989 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Public Affairs Doctoral Program in the College of Health and Public Affairs at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term 2005 Major Professor: Wendell C. Lawther © 2005 Laurence J. Putchinski ii ABSTRACT The continued steady growth of public sector unions compels public administrators to understand the influence labor organizations exert upon local governments. The following study demonstrates the extent of union influence upon police expenditures in Florida. Union influence not only increases total police expenditures and personal services expenditures, it also causes operating expenses to rise. Union influence is less pronounced, and possibly even non-existent in capital outlays expenditures because of possible lack of interest on the part of the union in this area and also because of the existence of economically predetermined policies regarding capital outlays such as vehicle purchases. Public sector unions, by formalizing and enhancing the exit-voice phenomenon within government systems, influence the expenditures of local government. This influence manifests its presence specifically in local government expenditures. By examining the association between unionization and the level of expenditures in local government, this study attempts to illustrate the influence of unions upon local governments. Specifically, this study assesses the impact of police unionization has upon local government police department expenditures for municipalities in the state of Florida. A qualitative inquiry combines with a quantitative study to examine the extent of union influence on police expenditures in Florida. iii I would like to dedicate this work to my wife, Linda, my sons Brendan, Christopher, and Mark, and to the memory of my parents, John and Frances Putchinski. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My appreciation especially to Dr. Wendell Lawther whose long hours, dedicated commitment, and careful attention to this work has ensured its success as a worthwhile endeavor. I am grateful for his guidance and unfailing patience throughout the entire dissertation process. I would like to also express appreciation to the other committee members, Dr. Naim Kapucu, Dr. Ronnie Korosec, and Dr. Walter Bogumil, for their assistance and encouragement. Dr. Kapucu for his painstaking review and help in the statistical analysis; Dr. Korosec for her much needed encouragement and guidance in practical applications; and Dr. Bogumil for his shared interest and insight in the field of labor relations. My deepest thanks to family, the greatest blessing of life. Special thanks to my wife and best friend, Linda, for her constant support and companionship through the years. Thanks also to the rebels in my life, my sons Brendan, Christopher, and Mark who have taught me and continue to teach me the wonders of the world all over again. Thanks to my parents, John and Frances, and their love of learning that started me on the journey. v TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................................................................... x CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION............................................................................................ 1 The Growth of Public Sector Unions.......................................................................................... 1 The Complications of Public Sector Budgets and Union Wages ............................................... 2 Framing the Issues ...................................................................................................................... 4 Purpose of Study......................................................................................................................... 4 The Influence of Employee Beliefs and Values. .................................................................... 6 The Research Questions.............................................................................................................. 8 Contribution of Study ............................................................................................................... 10 Definition of Terms................................................................................................................... 12 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW.............................................................................. 20 Introduction............................................................................................................................... 20 Background: Unions and the Public Sector .............................................................................. 22 Differences between Public and Private Sector Employees ................................................. 22 Union Political Force ............................................................................................................ 26 Union Influences on Wages.................................................................................................. 27 Exit Voice ................................................................................................................................. 27 Overview of a Phenomenon.................................................................................................. 27 The Psychological Contract and the Ideology-Infused Contract .......................................... 29 The Exit-Voice Phenomenon................................................................................................ 35 Exit in Police Departments ................................................................................................... 44 Organizational Voice: Successor of Exit-Voice ................................................................... 46 Police Unions, Collective Bargaining and Public Sector Labor Relations............................... 48 History of Police Unions and Labor Relations in Florida..................................................... 50 Local Government Collective Bargaining in Florida............................................................ 53 The Collective Bargaining Process – a Function of Voice................................................... 59 Multilateral Bargaining......................................................................................................... 67 Collaborative Management................................................................................................... 71 The Influence of Exit-voice within Local Governments ...................................................... 77 Union Politicizing and Politics ............................................................................................. 83 The Right-to-Work Issue ...................................................................................................... 87 Collective Bargaining v. Budget Schedules.......................................................................... 89 Local Government Financial Planning and Reporting in Florida............................................. 91 Local Government Budgetary Processes .............................................................................. 92 Structures .............................................................................................................................. 99 Fund Accounting................................................................................................................. 100 Organization Units and Object Classes............................................................................... 104 Conceptualization ................................................................................................................... 106 Coalescence of Theory........................................................................................................ 106 Operationalization............................................................................................................... 109 Controlled Extraneous Factors............................................................................................ 110 Hypotheses.............................................................................................................................. 115 The First Hypothesis: Total Police Expenditures ............................................................... 115 The Second Hypothesis:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The State of the Unions 2020
    THE STATE OF THE UNIONS 2020 A Profile of Unionization in Chicago, in Illinois, and in the United States September 7, 2020 Frank Manzo IV, M.P.P. Robert Bruno, Ph.D. Illinois Economic Policy Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Virginia Parks, Ph.D. Jill Gigstad University of California, Irvine Illinois Economic Policy Institute The State of the Unions 2020 i Research Report September 7, 2020 THE STATE OF THE UNIONS 2020 A Profile of Unionization in Chicago, in Illinois, and in the United States About the Authors Frank Manzo IV, M.P.P. is the Policy Director of the Illinois Economic Policy Institute (ILEPI). He earned his Master of Public Policy from the University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy and his Bachelor of Arts in Economics and Political Science from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He can be contacted at [email protected]. Robert Bruno, Ph.D. is a Professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign School of Labor and Employment Relations and is the Director of the School’s Labor Education Program. He also serves as Director of the Project for Middle Class Renewal at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He earned his Doctor of Philosophy in Political Theory from New York University and his Master of Arts in Political Science from Bowling Green State University. He can be contacted at [email protected]. Virginia Parks, Ph.D. is a Professor of Urban Planning and Public Policy at the University of California, Irvine. She serves as the Department Chair of the School of Social Ecology’s Department of Urban Planning and Public Policy.
    [Show full text]
  • At the Close of the Millenium, Unions in California Are Showing Signs of Revitalization After Many Years of Decline
    CHAPTER 14 UNION ORGANIZING IN CALIFORNIA: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES CAROL ZABIN WITH KATIE QUAN AND LINDA DELP Introduction At the beginning of the twenty-first century, unions in California are showing signs of revitalization. After many years of decline, union membership rose from 2,154,000 to 2,286,000 in 1999, and for the first time in several decades, the percentage of the California workforce that is unionized grew slightly, to 16.6 percent. The new growth is a consequence of aggressive efforts by a number of key unions and local, state, and national AFL-CIO bodies. This chapter explores labor’s efforts to meet the challenges for revitalizing its movement in the current era, focusing on new approaches and strategies for increasing union membership. The decline of the U.S. trade union movement over the last thirty years is a well-known story, and although there is little scholarship devoted specifically to California, the state’s experience parallels that of the nation. Union decline is a consequence of a multitude of forces, including a loss of employment in some highly unionized industries and a restructuring of other industries via subcontracting and outsourcing and organized labor’s own emphasis on servicing current members rather than organizing new ones (Goldfield 1987; Moody 1988). Above all, the loss of union membership is the result of a renewed offensive by anti-union employers who have fought unions on a variety of fronts, and have successfully shaped government labor policy to their advantage. Changes in the implementation of the National Labor Relations Act and limits of the law itself have undermined workers’ fundamental right to organize.
    [Show full text]
  • Estimates of Union Density by State
    Research Summary Estimates of union CPS union density estimates, creasing from 22.4 percent in 1976 to 24.1 1973–present percent in 1977, despite the fact that density by State membership was falling in years before For years 1973 to the present, estimates and after 1977. BLS annual figures based Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, are based on CPS data. Beginning in on union financial reports, however, and Wayne G. Vroman 1983, estimates are based on the CPS-ORG show a 0.4-percentage point decline in earnings files. Each file includes data for union membership density between esearchers, public agencies, labor all 12 months of the CPS, with each month 1976 and 1977, from 24.5 percent to Runions, private analysts, and the including the quarter sample of the CPS- (coincidentally) the same 24.1 percent media are among those seeking administered supplement containing the found in the CPS.2 Assuming that a time- information on union density, defined union status questions (that is, the consistent CPS series would have fallen here as the percentage of non-agri- outgoing rotation groups or portion of by 0.4 percentage points, a multiple of cultural wage and salary employees the sample not to be included in the 1.094 is required to adjust upward pre- (including public sector employees) following month’s survey). Each 1977 figures to the post-1977 CPS de- who are union members. This report observation during a year is unique, finition including employee association describes the derivation of time- although overlap is evident in the members (that is, 1.094 times 22.4 percent consistent estimates of union density samples across pairs of years.
    [Show full text]
  • EAW and Union Density
    DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS WORKING PAPER SERIES Employment-at-Will Exceptions, Social Welfare Programs and the Decline of Unions Christopher K. Coombs Department of Economics Louisiana State University Robert J. Newman Department of Economics Louisiana State University Working Paper 2020-01 https://www.lsu.edu/business/economics/files/workingpapers/pap20_01.pdf Department of Economics Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA 70803-6306 http://www.lsu.edu/business/economics/ Employment-at-Will Exceptions, Social Welfare Programs and the Decline of Unions Christopher K. Coombs Louisiana State University Robert J. Newman Louisiana State University Abstract. Evidence from a fairly extensive literature in economics concludes that the adoption by state courts of exceptions to the common law employment-at-will doctrine has had far-reaching unintended impacts on firm behavior and labor market outcomes on several behaviorally distinct margins. We extend this literature by examining their unintended effects on union membership. Additionally, we examine the unintended effects on union membership that resulted from government adoption of union-like social welfare programs. Our results strongly suggest that these legal and policy interventions, which provide just- cause protections, social insurance and health and safety protections, have had the unintended effects of contributing to the long-run decline in union density. JEL Classification: J51, J58, K3 Keywords: Employment-at-Will, Unionization, Union Density, Social Welfare Programs, Just Cause, Wrongful Discharge I. Introduction For most of the twentieth century employment relationships in the United States were largely governed by the common law doctrine of employment-at-will, which meant employers were free to terminate employees at any time whether for good cause, bad cause or no cause.
    [Show full text]
  • The State of the Unions 2016
    HEWLETT- PACKARD THE STATE OF THE UNIONS 2016 A Profile of Unionization in Chicago, in Illinois, and in America May 16, 2016 Frank Manzo IV, M.P.P. Illinois Economic Policy Institute Robert Bruno, Ph.D. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Virginia Parks, Ph.D. Occidental College The State of the Unions 2016 i Research Report May 16, 2016 THE STATE OF THE UNIONS 2016 A Profile of Unionization in Chicago, in Illinois, and in America About the Authors Frank Manzo IV, M.P.P. is the Policy Director of the Illinois Economic Policy Institute (ILEPI). His research focuses on labor market policies, income inequality, community and economic development, infrastructure investment, and public finance. He earned his Master of Public Policy from the University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy and his Bachelor of Arts in Economics and Political Science from the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. He can be contacted at [email protected]. Robert Bruno, Ph.D. is a Professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign School of Labor and Employment Relations and is the Director of the School’s Labor Education Program. He also serves as Director of the Project for Middle Class Renewal at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. His research focuses broadly on working-class and union studies issues. He earned his Doctor of Philosophy in Political Theory from New York University and his Master of Arts in Political Science from Bowling Green State University. He can be contacted at [email protected]. Virginia Parks, Ph.D. is the Madeline McKinnie Professor of Urban & Environmental Policy at Occidental College.
    [Show full text]
  • The Downfall of Union Labor Dominance for the New York City Construction Trades and Its Effect on Non-Union Labor Growth
    The Downfall of Union Labor Dominance for the New York City Construction Trades and Its Effect on Non-Union Labor Growth. The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:37945116 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Downfall of Union Labor Dominance for the New York City Construction Trades and Its Effect on Non-Union Labor Growth Clifford Aikens A Thesis in the Field of Legal Studies for the Degree of Master of Social Sciences Harvard University May 2018 Copyright – 2018 by Clifford Aikens This thesis is the property of Clifford Aikens and cannot be modified, reproduced, scanned into data files or printers, or forwarded, in any medium – without Express Written Permission. 2 Abstract What are the causes and implications of shrinking market share for organized labor trade unions in the New York City commercial construction industry? In 2009, a major sea change occurred which showed, for the first time, more private sector work was performed in New York City by non-union labor forces in lieu of organized union labor tradesman. How did this happen and what are the causes that lead to it? The research outlined in this thesis will show that the downfall of organized labor dominance in the commercial construction trades started out west and worked east with New York City being one of the, if not the, final strongholds to lose the majority position after over half a century of union labor dominance.
    [Show full text]
  • Union Membership Byte 2018
    CEPR CENTER FOR ECONOMIC AND POLICY RESEARCH Union Membership Byte 2018 By Brian Dew* January 2018 Center for Economic and Policy Research 1611 Connecticut Ave. NW tel: 202-293-5380 Suite 400 fax: 202-588-1356 Washington, DC 20009 http://cepr.net * Brian Dew is a Research Assistant at the Center for Economic and Policy Research in Washington, DC. Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 2 Longer-term Trends in Union Membership .................................................................................................. 3 References ......................................................................................................................................................... 15 Acknowledgements The author thanks Eileen Appelbaum, John Schmitt, Dean Baker, Alan Barber, Kevin Cashman, Karen Conner, and Alex Provan for helpful comments. Introduction Estimated 262,000 union members added in 2017; union share of jobs unchanged Data released by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Census Bureau show a net total of 262,000 union members added in 2017 (Bureau of Labor Statistics 2018). Overall union membership and coverage rates (the percent of jobs held by union and employee association members, and the percent of jobs covered by union and employee association contracts, respectively) did not change significantly in 2017. Union and employee association members comprise an estimated 10.7 percent of wage and salary workers in 2017, while unions and employee association contracts cover 11.9 percent of the workforce, both unchanged from 2016 (Table 1). Of the net total of 262,000 union members added in 2017, 164,000 were added to the private sector and the remaining 98,000 were added to the public sector (see Table 2 and Figure 2). Data show moderate increases in union membership for some groups, industries, and areas, and moderate decreases for others.
    [Show full text]
  • The Shift in Private Sector Union Participation: Explanation and Effects
    ECONOMIC ANALYSIS | AUGUST 2019 The Shift in Private Sector Union Participation: Explanation and Effects Ryan Nunn, Jimmy O’Donnell, and Jay Shambaugh i The Hamilton Project • Brookings ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are grateful to Drew Burd, Christian Henry, Emily Moss, and Jacob Scott for excellent research assistance, and to Lauren Bauer, David Dreyer, Henry Farber, Joy Fox, Richard Freeman, Brad Hershbein, Barry Hirsch, Kriston McIntosh, Lawrence Mishel, Aaron Sojourner, and Karla Walter for insightful comments. MISSION STATEMENT The Hamilton Project seeks to advance America’s promise of opportunity, prosperity, and growth. The Project’s economic strategy reflects a judgment that long-term prosperity is best achieved by fostering economic growth and broad participation in that growth, by enhancing individual economic security, and by embracing a role for effective government in making needed public investments. We believe that today’s increasingly competitive global economy requires public policy ideas commensurate with the challenges of the 21st century. Our strategy calls for combining increased public investments in key growth-enhancing areas, a secure social safety net, and fiscal discipline. In that framework, the Project puts forward innovative proposals from leading economic thinkers — based on credible evidence and experience, not ideology or doctrine — to introduce new and effective policy options into the national debate. The Project is named after Alexander Hamilton, the nation’s first treasury secretary, who laid the foundation for the modern American economy. Consistent with the guiding principles of the Project, Hamilton stood for sound fiscal policy, believed that broad-based opportunity for advancement would drive American economic growth, and recognized that “prudent aids and encouragements on the part of government” are necessary to enhance and guide market forces.
    [Show full text]
  • The State of the Unions 2017
    THE STATE OF THE UNIONS 2017 A Profile of Unionization in Chicago, in Illinois, and in America May 22, 2017 Frank Manzo IV, M.P.P. Illinois Economic Policy Institute Robert Bruno, Ph.D. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Virginia Parks, Ph.D. Occidental College The State of the Unions 2017 i Research Report May 22, 2017 THE STATE OF THE UNIONS 2017 A Profile of Unionization in Chicago, in Illinois, and in America About the Authors Frank Manzo IV, M.P.P. is the Policy Director of the Illinois Economic Policy Institute (ILEPI). His research focuses on labor market policies, income inequality, community and economic development, infrastructure investment, and public finance. He earned his Master of Public Policy from the University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy and his Bachelor of Arts in Economics and Political Science from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He can be contacted at [email protected]. Robert Bruno, Ph.D. is a Professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign School of Labor and Employment Relations and is the Director of the School’s Labor Education Program. He also serves as Director of the Project for Middle Class Renewal at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. His research focuses broadly on working-class and union studies issues. He earned his Doctor of Philosophy in Political Theory from New York University and his Master of Arts in Political Science from Bowling Green State University. He can be contacted at [email protected]. Virginia Parks, Ph.D. is the Madeline McKinnie Professor of Urban & Environmental Policy at Occidental College.
    [Show full text]
  • Unions and Inequality Over the Twentieth Century: New Evidence from Survey Data∗
    Unions and Inequality Over the Twentieth Century: New Evidence from Survey Data∗ Henry S. Farber, Daniel Herbst, Ilyana Kuziemko, Suresh Naidu October 9, 2020 Abstract U.S. income inequality has varied inversely with union density over the past hundred years. But moving beyond this aggregate relationship has proven difficult, in part be- cause of limited micro-data on union membership prior to 1973. We develop a new source of micro-data on union membership dating back to 1936, survey data primarily from Gallup (N ≈ 980,000), to examine the long-run relationship between unions and inequality. We document dramatic changes in the demographics of union members: when density was at its mid-century peak, union households were much less educated and more non-white than other households, whereas pre-World-War-II and today they are more similar to non-union households on these dimensions. However, despite large changes in composition and density since 1936, the household union premium holds relatively steady between ten and twenty log points. We then use our data to examine the effect of unions on income inequality. Using distributional decompositions, time- series regressions, state-year regressions, as well as a new instrumental-variable strategy based on the 1935 legalization of unions and the World-War-II era War Labor Board, we find consistent evidence that unions reduce inequality, explaining a significant share of the dramatic fall in inequality between the mid-1930s and late 1940s. ∗We thank our research assistants Obaid Haque, Chitra Marti, Brendan Moore, Tamsin Kan- tor, Amy Wickett, and Jon Zytnick and especially Fabiola Alba, Divyansh Devnani, Elisa Jacome, Elena Marchetti-Bowick, Amitis Oskoui, Paola Gabriela Villa Paro, Ahna Pearson, Shreya Tan- don, and Maryam Rostoum.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Right-To-Work Laws & Union Density on Voter Participation in The
    A Quantitative Analysis: Effects of Right-to-Work Laws & Union Density on Voter Participation in the United States, 1972 to 2012. Kate Pitell August 2020 Capstone Committee: Professor Dan Jacoby, Advisor Professor Keith Nitta, Second Reader A capstone project presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Policy Studies School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences University of Washington Bothell Acknowledgements First and foremost, to my parents, without whom my educational achievements would not have been possible, thank you for always loving and supporting me, I am so lucky to have you in my corner. To my friends and family who have also supported me with an ear, encouragement, and belief, thank you for pushing me through when I doubted myself. I look forward to spending more time with you all soon! To my cohort, I have benefited from the time I shared with each and every one of you. I wish you all tremendous success in your professional lives and I know you will all contribute toward making the world a better place. A special shout out to Gia and Jessica, who patiently answered all of my questions and kept me sane during statistics. To the MAPS faculty and staff, you are a special group of professionals whose expertise and kindness are to be admired. To Professor Keith Nitta, thanks for everything you did for our cohort, and for your advice on my project. To Professor Joe Ferrare, for helping me in understanding and developing my statistical analysis, thank you. To our program Librarian, Chelsea Nesvig, my thanks to you for your assistance in sourcing data and literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Teacher Unions?
    HOW STRONG ARE U.S. TEACHER UNIONS? A STATE-BY-STATE BY AMBER M. WINKLER, JANIE SCULL, COMPARISON & DARA ZEEHANDELAAR FOREWORD BY CHESTER E. FINN, JR. AND MICHAEL J. PETRILLI OCTOBER 2012 CONTENTS Foreword ................................................................................................................................................................4 Executive Summary ...........................................................................................................................................8 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... 15 Background ........................................................................................................................................................20 Part I: Evaluating Teacher Union Strength ..............................................................................................22 Methodology .............................................................................................................................................. 26 Part II: Findings ................................................................................................................................................. 32 America’s Strongest Teacher Unions ................................................................................................ 36 America’s Weakest Teacher Unions ...................................................................................................
    [Show full text]