University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2005 Union Impact On Police Expenditures In Florida Laurence Putchinski University of Central Florida Part of the Public Affairs Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Doctoral Dissertation (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Putchinski, Laurence, "Union Impact On Police Expenditures In Florida" (2005). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 376. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/376 UNION IMPACT ON POLICE EXPENDITURES IN FLORIDA by LAURENCE J. PUTCHINSKI, B.A. University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, 1976 M.B.A. University of Central Florida, 1989 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Public Affairs Doctoral Program in the College of Health and Public Affairs at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term 2005 Major Professor: Wendell C. Lawther © 2005 Laurence J. Putchinski ii ABSTRACT The continued steady growth of public sector unions compels public administrators to understand the influence labor organizations exert upon local governments. The following study demonstrates the extent of union influence upon police expenditures in Florida. Union influence not only increases total police expenditures and personal services expenditures, it also causes operating expenses to rise. Union influence is less pronounced, and possibly even non-existent in capital outlays expenditures because of possible lack of interest on the part of the union in this area and also because of the existence of economically predetermined policies regarding capital outlays such as vehicle purchases. Public sector unions, by formalizing and enhancing the exit-voice phenomenon within government systems, influence the expenditures of local government. This influence manifests its presence specifically in local government expenditures. By examining the association between unionization and the level of expenditures in local government, this study attempts to illustrate the influence of unions upon local governments. Specifically, this study assesses the impact of police unionization has upon local government police department expenditures for municipalities in the state of Florida. A qualitative inquiry combines with a quantitative study to examine the extent of union influence on police expenditures in Florida. iii I would like to dedicate this work to my wife, Linda, my sons Brendan, Christopher, and Mark, and to the memory of my parents, John and Frances Putchinski. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My appreciation especially to Dr. Wendell Lawther whose long hours, dedicated commitment, and careful attention to this work has ensured its success as a worthwhile endeavor. I am grateful for his guidance and unfailing patience throughout the entire dissertation process. I would like to also express appreciation to the other committee members, Dr. Naim Kapucu, Dr. Ronnie Korosec, and Dr. Walter Bogumil, for their assistance and encouragement. Dr. Kapucu for his painstaking review and help in the statistical analysis; Dr. Korosec for her much needed encouragement and guidance in practical applications; and Dr. Bogumil for his shared interest and insight in the field of labor relations. My deepest thanks to family, the greatest blessing of life. Special thanks to my wife and best friend, Linda, for her constant support and companionship through the years. Thanks also to the rebels in my life, my sons Brendan, Christopher, and Mark who have taught me and continue to teach me the wonders of the world all over again. Thanks to my parents, John and Frances, and their love of learning that started me on the journey. v TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................................................................... x CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION............................................................................................ 1 The Growth of Public Sector Unions.......................................................................................... 1 The Complications of Public Sector Budgets and Union Wages ............................................... 2 Framing the Issues ...................................................................................................................... 4 Purpose of Study......................................................................................................................... 4 The Influence of Employee Beliefs and Values. .................................................................... 6 The Research Questions.............................................................................................................. 8 Contribution of Study ............................................................................................................... 10 Definition of Terms................................................................................................................... 12 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW.............................................................................. 20 Introduction............................................................................................................................... 20 Background: Unions and the Public Sector .............................................................................. 22 Differences between Public and Private Sector Employees ................................................. 22 Union Political Force ............................................................................................................ 26 Union Influences on Wages.................................................................................................. 27 Exit Voice ................................................................................................................................. 27 Overview of a Phenomenon.................................................................................................. 27 The Psychological Contract and the Ideology-Infused Contract .......................................... 29 The Exit-Voice Phenomenon................................................................................................ 35 Exit in Police Departments ................................................................................................... 44 Organizational Voice: Successor of Exit-Voice ................................................................... 46 Police Unions, Collective Bargaining and Public Sector Labor Relations............................... 48 History of Police Unions and Labor Relations in Florida..................................................... 50 Local Government Collective Bargaining in Florida............................................................ 53 The Collective Bargaining Process – a Function of Voice................................................... 59 Multilateral Bargaining......................................................................................................... 67 Collaborative Management................................................................................................... 71 The Influence of Exit-voice within Local Governments ...................................................... 77 Union Politicizing and Politics ............................................................................................. 83 The Right-to-Work Issue ...................................................................................................... 87 Collective Bargaining v. Budget Schedules.......................................................................... 89 Local Government Financial Planning and Reporting in Florida............................................. 91 Local Government Budgetary Processes .............................................................................. 92 Structures .............................................................................................................................. 99 Fund Accounting................................................................................................................. 100 Organization Units and Object Classes............................................................................... 104 Conceptualization ................................................................................................................... 106 Coalescence of Theory........................................................................................................ 106 Operationalization............................................................................................................... 109 Controlled Extraneous Factors............................................................................................ 110 Hypotheses.............................................................................................................................. 115 The First Hypothesis: Total Police Expenditures ............................................................... 115 The Second Hypothesis: