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TAXON:Boswellia Sacra Flueck. SCORE:-3.0 RATING
TAXON: Boswellia sacra Flueck. SCORE: -3.0 RATING: Low Risk Taxon: Boswellia sacra Flueck. Family: Burseraceae Common Name(s): frankincense Synonym(s): Boswellia carteri Birdw. Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 14 Jan 2021 WRA Score: -3.0 Designation: L Rating: Low Risk Keywords: Tree, Unarmed, Palatable, Self-Fertile, Wind-Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 ? outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 n 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 n 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 n Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone 410 y=1, n=0 n conditions if not a volcanic island) Creation Date: 14 Jan 2021 (Boswellia sacra Flueck.) Page 1 of 16 TAXON: Boswellia sacra Flueck. -
A Case Study of the Frankincense (Boswellia Spp.) Resin Harvesting in Somaliland (Somalia)
sustainability Article Ecological and Economic Sustainability of Non-Timber Forest Products in Post-Conflict Recovery: A Case Study of the Frankincense (Boswellia spp.) Resin Harvesting in Somaliland (Somalia) Anjanette DeCarlo 1,*, Saleem Ali 2,3 and Marta Ceroni 4 1 The Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA 2 Department of Geography and Spatial Science, University of Delaware, 125 Academy St., Newark, DE 19711, USA; [email protected] 3 Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel, Global Environment Facility, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi 00100, Kenya 4 Academy for Systems Change, 29 Evenchance Road, Enfield, NH 03748, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 1 April 2020; Accepted: 22 April 2020; Published: 28 April 2020 Abstract: Non-timber forest products have often been held out as potential tools for conservation and sustainable development, but sustainability assessments are frequently difficult and time-consuming, especially in conflict areas. Thus, rapid assessments can be useful in providing a broad overview of the harvesting system in order to generate meaningful conservation or development recommendations. Here, we use rapid assessment methodology, including semi-structured interviews and direct observations, to examine the frankincense harvesting system in Somaliland in 2010 and again in 2016 and 2017. We identified significant levels of overharvesting, driven by a breakdown of the traditional management system. Demand for resin and resin prices increased dramatically from 2010 to 2017, at the same time as the tree populations were declining, resource tenure security was weakening, drug use was increasing, and the supply chain was becoming more complex. -
An Ecological Assessment of the Coastal Plains of North Western Somalia (Somaliland)
IUCN Eastern Africa Programme Somali Natural Resources Management Programme An Ecological Assessment of the Coastal Plains of North Western Somalia (Somaliland) Malte Sommerlatte and Abdi Umar May 2000 IUCN Eastern Africa Programme Somali Natural Resources Management Programme An Ecological Assessment of the Coastal Plains of North Western Somalia (Somaliland) By: Malte Sommerlatte and Abdi Umar IUCN CONSULTANTS May 2000 Table of Contents SUMMARY....................................................................................................................................... i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................ iii 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 OBJECTIVES OF ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................. 1 1.2 A REVIEW OF PREVIOUS STUDIES ...................................................................................... 1 1.3 SOCIAL STRUCTURES OF THE SOMALILAND COASTAL PLAINS PASTORALISTS ............... 3 1.4 LOCAL REGULATIONS CONTROLLING LAND USE AND NATURAL RESOURCES .............. 4 1.5 THE PRESENT POLITICAL SITUATION IN SOMALILAND..................................................... 6 2. SURVEY METHODS.................................................................................................................... 7 2.1. VEGETATION TRANSECTS.................................................................................................. -
The Monophyly of Bursera and Its Impact for Divergence Times of Burseraceae
TAXON 61 (2) • April 2012: 333–343 Becerra & al. • Monophyly of Bursera The monophyly of Bursera and its impact for divergence times of Burseraceae Judith X. Becerra,1 Kogi Noge,2 Sarai Olivier1 & D. Lawrence Venable3 1 Department of Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, U.S.A. 2 Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan 3 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, U.S.A. Author for correspondence: Judith X. Becerra, [email protected] Abstract Bursera is one of the most diverse and abundant groups of trees and shrubs of the Mexican tropical dry forests. Its interaction with its specialist herbivores in the chrysomelid genus Blepharida, is one of the best-studied coevolutionary systems. Prior studies based on molecular phylogenies concluded that Bursera is a monophyletic genus. Recently, however, other molecular analyses have suggested that the genus might be paraphyletic, with the closely related Commiphora, nested within Bursera. If this is correct, then interpretations of coevolution results would have to be revised. Whether Bursera is or is not monophyletic also has implications for the age of Burseraceae, since previous dates were based on calibrations using Bursera fossils assuming that Bursera was paraphyletic. We performed a phylogenetic analysis of 76 species and varieties of Bursera, 51 species of Commiphora, and 13 outgroups using nuclear DNA data. We also reconstructed a phylogeny of the Burseraceae using 59 members of the family, 9 outgroups and nuclear and chloroplast sequence data. These analyses strongly confirm previous conclusions that this genus is monophyletic. -
Trees of Somalia
Trees of Somalia A Field Guide for Development Workers Desmond Mahony Oxfam Research Paper 3 Oxfam (UK and Ireland) © Oxfam (UK and Ireland) 1990 First published 1990 Revised 1991 Reprinted 1994 A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library ISBN 0 85598 109 1 Published by Oxfam (UK and Ireland), 274 Banbury Road, Oxford 0X2 7DZ, UK, in conjunction with the Henry Doubleday Research Association, Ryton-on-Dunsmore, Coventry CV8 3LG, UK Typeset by DTP Solutions, Bullingdon Road, Oxford Printed on environment-friendly paper by Oxfam Print Unit This book converted to digital file in 2010 Contents Acknowledgements IV Introduction Chapter 1. Names, Climatic zones and uses 3 Chapter 2. Tree descriptions 11 Chapter 3. References 189 Chapter 4. Appendix 191 Tables Table 1. Botanical tree names 3 Table 2. Somali tree names 4 Table 3. Somali tree names with regional v< 5 Table 4. Climatic zones 7 Table 5. Trees in order of drought tolerance 8 Table 6. Tree uses 9 Figures Figure 1. Climatic zones (based on altitude a Figure 2. Somali road and settlement map Vll IV Acknowledgements The author would like to acknowledge the assistance provided by the following organisations and individuals: Oxfam UK for funding me to compile these notes; the Henry Doubleday Research Association (UK) for funding the publication costs; the UK ODA forestry personnel for their encouragement and advice; Peter Kuchar and Richard Holt of NRA CRDP of Somalia for encouragement and essential information; Dr Wickens and staff of SEPESAL at Kew Gardens for information, advice and assistance; staff at Kew Herbarium, especially Gwilym Lewis, for practical advice on drawing, and Jan Gillet for his knowledge of Kew*s Botanical Collections and Somalian flora. -
Aromatherapy Journal
The National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy Aromatherapy Journal The Resin and Balsam Issue • Balsam Essential Oils for Aromatherapy • The Ancient Gift of Myrrh • Frankincense Hydrosol • Honey, Honey, Honey! • Combating the Common Cold with Aromatherapy and Herbs Aromatherapy E-Journal Winter 2019.4 © Copyright 2019 NAHA Aromatherapy Journal Winter 2019.4 2 Aromatherapy Journal A Quarterly Publication of NAHA Winter 2019.4 AJ575 Table of Contents The National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy, Inc. (NAHA) A non-profit educational organization Boulder, CO 80309 Adminstrative Offices 6000 S 5th Ave Pocatello, ID 83204 Phone: 208-232-4911, 877.232.5255 Fax: 919.894.0271 PAGE NAVIGATION: Click on the relevant page number to take you Email: [email protected] a specific article. To go back to the Table of Contents, click on the Websites: www.NAHA.org arrow in the bottom outside corner of the page. www.conference.naha.org Executive Board of Directors Editor’s Note ..........................................................................5 President: Annette Davis Vice President: Balsam Essential Oils for Aromatherapy ..............................9 Jennifer Hochell Pressimone By Cheryl Murphy Public Relations/Past President: Kelly Holland Azzaro Secretary: Rose Chard Combating the Common Cold with Treasurer: Eric Davis Aromatherapy and Herbs ....................................................15 Director Coordinator: Sharon Falsetto By Jaime Vinson Journal Committee The Difference between Resins and Gums for Chief Editor: Sharon Falsetto -
Price List Is Updated Daily
Disclaimer: This price list is updated daily. Eden Botanicals, LLC Please see our website for the most current information. 3820 Cypress Dr. #12 Petaluma, CA 94954 USA Distilled Essential Oils · Expresed Citrus Oils www.edenbotanicals.com Absolutes - CO2 Extracts · Organic Extracts (Extraits) [email protected] Wildcrafted Essential Oils & Extracts · Rare & Precious Oils Organic Essential Oils · Organic CO2 Extracts · Dilutions Toll Free 1-855-EDENOIL Antioxidants · Carrier Oils · Essence Blends Tel 1-707-509-0041 Containers · Accessories Fax 1-707-949-2526 Eden Botanicals Catalog - Page 1 Updated Sep 24, 2021 COMMON NAME ITEM SAMPLE 5 10 15 ML 30 ML 2 4 8 16 1 (Scientific Name) CODE VIAL ML ML (1/2 OZ) (1 OZ) OZ OZ OZ OZ KG NEWLY ADDED HAS ORIFICE REDUCER IS TINY AGARWOOD 57 $12 $169 / $404 $711 $1,265 $2,299 / / / (Aquilaria crassna) Steam Distilled Essential Oil Use: Aromatherapy/Natural Perfumery/Incense. Rich and complex, sweet, warm, deep, precious woody aroma, shades of smoky, amber-y Origin: Vietnam incense and honeyed tobacco, and animalic notes of musk/castoreum - in a word, amazing! AGARWOOD - 5% 58 $3 $14 / $33 $57 $100 $178 $320 $580 $1,167 (Aquilaria crassna) Steam Distilled Essential Oil Use: Aromatherapy/Natural Perfumery/Incense. Rich and complex, sweet, warm, deep, precious woody aroma, shades of smoky, amber-y Origin: Vietnam incense and honeyed tobacco, and animalic notes of musk/castoreum - in a word, amazing! ALMOND, BITTER 59 $3 $20 / $46 $80 $142 $253 $455 / / (Prunus armeniaca L.) Steam Distilled Essential Oil Use: Natural Perfumery. Prussic acid has been removed, making this oil non-toxic for use in perfumery. -
SOMALIA History British and Italian Have Colonized Somalia Until The
SOMALIA History British and Italian have colonized Somalia until the coup d’etat in 1969 leaded by Mohamed Siad Barre. He was able to stabilize the country for a couple of decades before his government fell down in 1991. During that period, Somalia went through wars and anarchy. The northern clans of the Republic of Somaliland declared themselves independent in May 1991 but were not recognized by any government. They have tried to establish a stable and democratic government with parliamentary and presidential elections. The state of Puntland has also self governed since 1998, but did not declared themselves as independent. Their government suffered a civil war when Puntland tried to protect its borders with Somaliland. The UN tried to intervene by helping with the famine but after leaving the territory the situation has only gotten worse. The UN supported talks between the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and the opposition Alliance for the Re-Liberation of Somalia (ARS) in 2008. A TFG-ARS unity government was created in January 2009, and Ethiopian forces withdrew from the country. Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed was elected as president on January 31, 2009 in Djibouti. Current and Interesting Facts: Capital: Mogadishu Official Languages: Somali and Arabic Government: Coalition Government. President: Sharif Ahmed. Economy: relies heavily on agriculture (bananas, sorghum, corn, coconuts, rice, sugarcane, mangoes, sesame seeds, beans) with livestock (cattle, sheep, goats, fish). The main industries include sugar refining, textiles, and wireless communication. Demography: about 9 millions of inhabitants. 85% are Somali, 15% are Bantu and other non-Somali (including Arabs). Religion: majority are Sunni Muslims. -
Molecular Systematics of the Cashew Family (Anacardiaceae) Susan Katherine Pell Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2004 Molecular systematics of the cashew family (Anacardiaceae) Susan Katherine Pell Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Recommended Citation Pell, Susan Katherine, "Molecular systematics of the cashew family (Anacardiaceae)" (2004). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 1472. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/1472 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS OF THE CASHEW FAMILY (ANACARDIACEAE) A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Biological Sciences by Susan Katherine Pell B.S., St. Andrews Presbyterian College, 1995 May 2004 © 2004 Susan Katherine Pell All rights reserved ii Dedicated to my mentors: Marcia Petersen, my mentor in education Dr. Frank Watson, my mentor in botany John D. Mitchell, my mentor in the Anacardiaceae Mary Alice and Ken Carpenter, my mentors in life iii Acknowledgements I would first and foremost like to thank my mentor and dear friend, John D. Mitchell for his unabashed enthusiasm and undying love for the Anacardiaceae. He has truly been my adviser in all Anacardiaceous aspects of this project and continues to provide me with inspiration to further my endeavor to understand the evolution of this beautiful and amazing plant family. -
Boswellia Serrata Adulteration by Allison Mccutcheon, Phd* American Botanical Council, PO Box 144345, Austin, TX 78714 *Corresponding Author: Email
Boswellia serrata Adulteration By Allison McCutcheon, PhD* American Botanical Council, PO Box 144345, Austin, TX 78714 *Corresponding author: email Citation (JAMA style): McCutcheon A. Adulteration of Boswellia serrata. Austin, TX: Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program; Botanical Adulterants Bulletin. 2018. Keywords: Adulterant, adulteration, Boswellia, Boswellia serrata, Boswellia carteri, Boswellia frereana, Boswellia sacra, Boswellia papyrifera, boswellic acids, Garuga pinnata, Indian frankincense, Pinaceae Goal: The goal of this bulletin is to provide timely infor- mation and/or updates on issues of adulteration of Boswellia serrata (Burseraceae) to the international herbal industry and extended natural products community in general. It Boswellia serrata oleogum resin is intended to complement the previously published works Photo ©2018 Steven Foster with information on B. serrata adulteration by presenting new data on the occurrence of adulteration, the market situ- Gujarati: Gugal, saleda, dhup,6 shaledum, saladi, gugal, ation, and consequences for the consumer and the industry. saledhi4 1. General Information German: Indischer Weihrauch2 1.1 Common name: Indian frankincense,1 boswellia2 Hindi: Madi, salai, saler, salga, salhe, sali,6 anduk, gugal, 1.2 Other common names: halar, kundur, loban, lobhan, luban, salaga, salai, salar, salaran, salhe, sel-gond, vellakkunturukkam,7 labana4 English: Indian olibanum2,3 Italian: Incenso indiano8 Assamese: Sallaki4 Kannada: Madimar, chilakdupa, tallaki, maddi4 Ayurvedic: Shallaki, susravaa, -
Biology of Genus Boswellia Ahmed Al-Harrasi • Abdul Latif Khan Sajjad Asaf • Ahmed Al-Rawahi
Biology of Genus Boswellia Ahmed Al-Harrasi • Abdul Latif Khan Sajjad Asaf • Ahmed Al-Rawahi Biology of Genus Boswellia Ahmed Al-Harrasi Abdul Latif Khan University of Nizwa University of Nizwa Nizwa, Oman Nizwa, Oman Sajjad Asaf Ahmed Al-Rawahi University of Nizwa University of Nizwa Nizwa, Oman Nizwa, Oman ISBN 978-3-030-16724-0 ISBN 978-3-030-16725-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16725-7 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. -
Sustainable Harvesting of Frankincense Trees in Oman
Sustainable harvesting of Frankincense trees in Oman Sustainable harvesting of Frankincense trees in Oman Final Report December 2014 Principal Researcher: Mohsin Musalim Al-Aamri (Ph.D) Technical Assistant: Badar Musthal Al-Shanfari Sustainable harvesting of Frankincense trees in Oman Acknowledgements By Dr. Mohsin Al Aamri The execution of this project was made possible due to the generous financial support by “HSBC” bank. I express sincere gratitude on the behalf of ESO board and members to HSBC for extending help and support throughout the duration of this project. However, this project was almost impossible without the overwhelming interest and support from ESO. His Highness Sayyid Tarik Shabib Al Said, Patron Environment Society of Oman. Her Highness Sayyida Tania Shabib Al Said President ESO, Executive Director of ESO, Lamees Abdullah Daar. Many thanks to my friend Dr Mehdi Ahmed Jaaffar Vice President ESO who was supporting all along since the project was contemplated, visiting the project in field, and helping out in writing the report. I am also thankful to Badar Al-Shanfari who worked hard with me during the hectic, hot and as well as cold days. I am also thankful to Shamis Al-Masahali and Mumen Al-Masahali for their warm hospitality at the beginning of the project, sharing their knowledge, helping in tree harvesting and selecting the locations. I also thank Ms. Nida El Helou former manager of ESO for her relentless efforts to make this project possible, and Mrs. Maïa Sarrouf Willson, Project Manager of ESO then. Many thanks to Ms. Alexsandra Celini for her help in weather data collecting.