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Cambrian-Early Ordovician Sequence Stratigraphy and Mount Simon Sandstone Petrology-Michigan Basin

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Cambrian-Early Ordovician Sequence Stratigraphy and Mount Simon Sandstone Petrology-Michigan Basin Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 12-1990 Cambrian-Early Ordovician Sequence Stratigraphy and Mount Simon Sandstone Petrology-Michigan Basin Jeffrey T. Cottingham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Cottingham, Jeffrey T., "Cambrian-Early Ordovician Sequence Stratigraphy and Mount Simon Sandstone Petrology-Michigan Basin" (1990). Master's Theses. 1054. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/1054 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CAMBRIAN-EARLY ORDOVICIAN SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY AND MOUNT SIMON SANDSTONE PETROLOGY-MICHIGAN BASIN by Jeffrey T. Cottingham A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Department of Geology Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan December 1990 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CAMBRIAN-EARLY ORDOVICIAN SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY AND MOUNT SIMON SANDSTONE PETROLOGY-MICHIGAN BASIN leffrey T. Cottingham, M.S. Western Michigan University, 1990 Michigan subsurface correlation is complicated in the Cambrian-Early Ordovician section due to limited availability of rock data. Core and cuttings examination demonstrate that similar stratigraphic sequences exist between the Michigan Basin and surrounding regions. Lithofacies in Wisconsin outcrop are similar to their basinal counterparts, and are correlated on the basis of sediment types, sedimentary structures, and the sequence stratigraphic concept. The Mount Simon Sandstone in Michigan correlates with that observed in Illinois, Wisconsin, and Iowa. Isopach data throughout the Midwest indicate a single depocenter in Northeastern Illinois. Sedimentary structures and lithology indicate a subtidal environment that may be a progradational transition from a lower (shoreward) aeolian environment. Observed diagenetic patterns are influenced primarily by depth of burial. The deep pattern (below 14,250’) exhibits extreme compaction. The shallow pattern (above 8900’) exhibits pervasive carbonate and quartz cements, and authigenic clays. Secondary porosity developed from dissolution of carbonate, feldspar, and quartz. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author is deeply indebted to the following people for support and guidance throughout the work on this project: My advisor, Dr. William B. Harrison HI, who has remarkable insight into subsurface stratigraphy; Dr. David A. Barnes and Dr. W. Thomas Straw of Western Michigan University, and Dr. Richard Anderson of Augustana College, Rock Island, Illinois, all of whom served on the thesis committee; Dr. Charles Byers of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Michael Sargent and Joan Crockett of the Illinois State Geological Survey in Urbana, who provided significant insight into the regional perspective; Randall L. Milstein of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources- Geological Survey in Lansing, who provided well data that aided in the compilation of wells and formation tops presented here; and John Fowler, who dropped by the Core Lab from time to time, and always provided input and insight. Soli Deo Gloria. Jeffrey T. Cottingham ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Order Number 1342753 Cambrian-Early Ordovician sequence stratigraphy and Mount Simon Sandstone petrology—Michigan Basin Cottingham, Jeffrey Todd, M.S. Western Michigan University, 1990 UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. NOTE TO USERS THE ORIGINAL DOCUMENT RECEIVED BY U.M.I. CONTAINED PAGES WITH POOR PRINT. PAGES WERE FILMED AS RECEIVED. THIS REPRODUCTION IS THE BEST AVAILABLE COPY. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................... ii LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................. v LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................. vi INTRODUCTION................................................................................................... 1 PREVIOUS STUDIES INVOLVING THE CAMBRO-ORDOVICIAN..................................................................................... 4 METHODS OF STUDY Lab and Sample Preparation ............................ 10 O u tcro p............................................................................................................ 13 Correlation and Sequence Stratigraphy ...................................................... 14 REGIONAL TECTONICS, STRUCTURE, AND BASIN HISTORY T ectonics......................................................................................................... 17 Structure ......................................................................................................... 19 Basin H istory ................................................................................................... 21 CAMBRO-ORDOVICIAN SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY AND LITHOFACIES ............................................................................ 31 Cambrian System ........................................................................................... 32 Mount Simon Sandstone....................................................................... 38 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Table of Contents-Continued Eau Claire Formation ............................................................................. 39 Wonewoc Formation............................................................................... 43 Franconia Formation............................................................................... 46 Trempealeauan Interval .......................................................................... 48 Ordovician System ........................................................................................... 52 Prairie du Chien Group .......................................................................... 52 MOUNT SIMON SANDSTONE PETROLOGY ................................................. 59 Lithofacies Characteristics............................................................................... 67 MOUNT SIMON SANDSTONE RESERVOIR CHARACTERISTICS Porosity Predictions .......................................... ............................................. 72 Source Rocks and Thermal Maturation ........................................ 74 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS .............................................................. 77 APPENDICES A. A List of Late Cambrian/Precambrian Wells in the Michigan Basin .............................................................. 80 B. Thin Section, X-ray Diffraction, and Scanning Electron Microscope Samples U s e d.................................. 84 BIBLIOGRAPHY..................................................................................................
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