DOCSLIB.ORG

Chapters XXII

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chapters XXII CHAPTER XXII WE found that the Soviet Commander-in-Chief operating against the Rumanians was living in Odessa station. He was a renegade Colonel, by the name of Mouravioff, and our interviews with him were rendered very distasteful when we recognized in him the man who had thrown General Dukhonin's epaulettes to the crowd and had pushed him on the platform before he was murdered. Mouravioff's troops were not actively engaged. They were pre­ venting supplies going into Rumania, with the idea of starving the country into revolution. When we conveyed to him the resolutions passed / '. by the sailors at Sevastopol, Mouravioff was furious. A meeting of the Supreme Council was called and we were to attend. Dr. Christian Rakovsky was the President of the Council. He was a short dark , man, with intelligent eyes, and seemed to know most of the languages of the world with the exception of English. He was a Rumanian who had been born in Bulgaria and educated at the Sorbonne in Paris, * and he nourished an undying hatred against the j country of his origin. From his student days he had been a revolutionary and was a thorn in the flesh of both Rumania and Bulgaria. He seemed to have a personal grudge against the Royal Family and the military caste of Rumania, and was longing for the time when the Soviets would be established in that country. .67 GO SPY THE LAND GO SPY THE LAND Apart from Mouravioff and Rakovsky, the re­ natural prejudice against yielding any part of Russia, mainder of the Council were a shoddy collection of and behind it all he ,wanted Bessarabia as a base from nonentities, one or two of whom could neither read which the Soviets could pursue their propaganda nor write. It was strange to see Rakovsky at the against Rumania, propaganda which incidentally head of such an assembly, and impossible then to would have added force in a starving country. visualize that one day, as Soviet Ambassador at the Rakovsky's first proposals, we knew, would have no Court of St. James's, he would bring off a diplomatic chance of acceptance by the Rumanian Government, victory against the British Foreign Office. But that and all through that night we were urging, pressing, is just what he did when he engineered the Anglo- haggling, giving him not a moment's peace. After Russian trade agreement, through which fell the hours of negotiation we persuaded him to modify first British Labour Government in 1924. all the clauses but one. It was the clause dealing To Rakovsky we delivered the message that M. with Bessarabia. Rakovsky wished the Rumanians Bratiano had given us for Trotsky. We urged the to evacuate the country immediately, and we on our cessation of hostilities. Rakovsky was adamant, but side urged that they could not be expected to do so we gave him no rest, harrying him day after day and until they had been able to evacuate their stores. pointing out how completely the general situation Again and again we drafted that clause to suit had changed since the Bolsheviks declared war on Rakovsky's wishes as far as possible and yet safeguard Rumania in January. We pressed upon his notice the interests of Rumania. that the Brest Litovsk negotiations had reached a It was not until five o'clock in the morning that he complete deadlock, that the Germans were advancing finally agreed to our wording. The document was on Petrograd and pushing into Ukrainia, and that the drafted in duplicate and the signatures of the Supreme army which he was using against Rumania would be Council attached to it. It was then that I discovered wanted for use against Germany. that two or three of the members could neither read At last Rakovsky agreed to hold a meeting for nor write. Only Rakovsky's signature was now the discussion of the terms on which the Soviets required, and he could not be brought to make up his would be prepared to cease hostilities. To make the mind to sign it. He read and re-read the draft docu­ occasion more impressive Colonel Boyle and I per­ ment, quarrelled with the wording, suggested altera­ suaded the British, French and American Consuls to tions, procrastinated. But Boyle and I would not attend. The conference commenced at ten o'clock in accept any modification. It was now six o'clock. the evening. Boyle and I were already well aware The consuls and the Supreme Council were all tired of the general situation. Rumania, as I have shown, out. Everyone was bored. At lasl^ Rakovsky gave had temporarily to retain Bessarabia to safeguard her way, and signed the document which, when counter­ food supply. Rakovsky on the other hand was signed by the Rumanian Government later, constituted determined that she should not, because he bad a the first Peace Treaty made during the Great War. 168 * 169 GO SPY THE LAND GO SPY THE LAND The credit of getting Rakovsky's signature rests jumped into the seat and started the engine. Some­ entirely with Colonel Boyle. He had been watching body in the house,where the wedding feast was in his man for days and knew all his habits. He knew progress heard the sound and opened fire on him that Rakovsky was a very hard worker, that it was from the window. He returned the fire and killed his practice to work all through the night, to retire two of the wedding party, was badly wounded himself to bed somewhere about five o'clock in the morning, but managed to reach the garage. and to rise again at ten. He made up his mind to Another driver had to be found, and finally the wear Rakovsky out and succeeded in doing so. car pulled up for Boyle still bearing traces of the Rakovsky signed out of sheer physical fatigue. conflict. At once we sent by wireless to the Rumanian It was arranged that I was to remain in Odessa Government the information that Colonel Boyle was and, in the event of the expected German invasion bringing the treaty to Jassy and at the same time we taking place, to carry 451 out of harm's way. Mean­ arranged for a three days' armistice. It was im­ while Boyle and the Major were to take the treaty possible for 451 to go to Jassy since the railway to Jassy and return, if possible, within thirty-six bridge across the Dniester river iiad been blown up hours. But I was fated not to see Boyle again until in the recent hostiUties, and Colonel Mouravioff had J more than a year had passed, when we met at the promised to put a motor-car at Colonel Boyle's Paris Peace Conference. The Rumanian Government disposal on the following morning. were unwilling to sign Rakovsky's conditions and it We waited patiently, but the promised car was not was days before they finally did so. It was the forthcoming. At half-past ten I went off to investigate, Bessarabian clause to which they objected. Time has but all that I could discover was that a car had been shown the justice of Rakovsky's fears of Rumanian ordered from the military garage and had left for the designs on Bessarabia. Many years later I met station. There were very few motor-cars in South Rakovsky again at a Genoa conference, and the first Russia. Perhaps there were not more than a dozen words he said to me were, "I still have the Peace in Odessa, and all of them were in use. At last we Treaty with Rumania in my pocket, but the Rumanians discovered what had happened to the car ordered have still got Bessarabia. You persuaded me against for us. The chauffeur had driven up to the station my will, and so it is your duty to put the matter right." and left the motor in order to report his arrival. Rakovsky's words were uttered in jest, but I have Two of Mouravioff's soldiers, seeing it unoccupied, a feeling that one day that Peace Treaty signed in had stepped into it and driven off to a wedding. The Odessa will play a part in an International Court. chauffeur had rushed off after them and, forgetting Sooner or later Russia will lay a serious claim for the all about reporting to us, had started to search Odessa return of Bessarabia and Rumania will find it hard to for his car. Later in the morning he came across it defend her title. standing outside a house, unoccupied. He promptly At last Boyle telegraphed that the Rumanian 170 '7« GO spy THE LAND GO SPY THE LAND Government had signed and sealed the treaty. He TTien one morning I awoke to find that Mou- added he would be delayed for some days longer over ravioff's siding was empty and his train gone. It some pressing work to which he must attend before meant that the Germans would reach Odessa at any he returned. moment. Mouravioff had slunk away without a word Meantime the German forces had occupied KiefF to me. Furiously angry, I drove into the town to and begun to move on Odessa. The town was doomed, see Rakovsky. He also was prepared for flight but and the higher officers prepared to flee. he had not gone very far. He was on board one of Colonel MouraviofF had an engine with steam up the ships in the harbour. I went down and inter­ attached to his train and was ready to move at a viewed him.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Title of Thesis: ABSTRACT CLASSIFYING BIAS
    ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis Directed By: Dr. David Zajic, Ph.D. Our project extends previous algorithmic approaches to finding bias in large text corpora. We used multilingual topic modeling to examine language-specific bias in the English, Spanish, and Russian versions of Wikipedia. In particular, we placed Spanish articles discussing the Cold War on a Russian-English viewpoint spectrum based on similarity in topic distribution. We then crowdsourced human annotations of Spanish Wikipedia articles for comparison to the topic model. Our hypothesis was that human annotators and topic modeling algorithms would provide correlated results for bias. However, that was not the case. Our annotators indicated that humans were more perceptive of sentiment in article text than topic distribution, which suggests that our classifier provides a different perspective on a text’s bias. CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Gemstone Honors Program, University of Maryland, 2018 Advisory Committee: Dr. David Zajic, Chair Dr. Brian Butler Dr. Marine Carpuat Dr. Melanie Kill Dr. Philip Resnik Mr. Ed Summers © Copyright by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang 2018 Acknowledgements We would like to express our sincerest gratitude to our mentor, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tragicomedy of Romanian Communism
    RESEARCH REPORT T O NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SOVIET AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARC H TITLE : THE TRAGICOMEDY OF ROMANIAN COMMUNIS M AUTHOR : Vladimir Tismanean u CONTRACTOR : Foreign Policy Researc h Institute PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR : Vladimir Tismanean u COUNCIL CONTRACT NUMBER : 903-0 4 DATE : September, 198 9 The work leading to this report was supported by funds provided b y the National Council for Soviet and East European Research . Th e analysis and interpretations contained in the report are those o f the author . a NOTE This report, based on an article to be published i n Eastern EuropeanPolitics andSocieties, is an inciden- tal product of the Council Contract identified on the title page . It is not the Final Report, which wa s distributed in August, 1989 . TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 Stalin's Romanian Disciples 1 1 The Comintern and the RCP 1 6 Stalinism for All Seasons 3 4 The Anti-De-Stalinization Platform 3 9 The Road to Absolute Power 43 The Manipulated Manipulator 47 Assault on the Party Apparatus 5 2 Notes 57 The Tragicomedy of Romanian Communis m Vladimir Tismanean u Un monde sans tyrans serait aussi ennuyeux qu'un jardi n zoologique sans hyenes . E . M . Cioran, Histoire et utopi e Now, despite eternal cabals in the inner clique and unendin g shifts of personnel, with their tremendous accumulation o f hatred, bitterness, and personal resentment, the Leader' s position can remain secure against chaotic palace revolution s not because of his superior gifts, about which the men in hi s intimate surroundings frequently have no great illusions, bu t because of these men's sincere and sensible conviction tha t without him everything would be immediately lost .
    [Show full text]
  • Contents Preface Ill PART I: GENERAL STAFF in MOSCOW CHAPTER PAGE I
    Contents Preface Ill PART I: GENERAL STAFF IN MOSCOW CHAPTER PAGE I. Enter Ye! Here Live the Gods 1 Birth of an Idea—World Revolution Arrives in Russia —World Revolution Steps into the Arena—A Star Sinks in the West—The Founding Fathers—Second World Congress—Mass Theater on the Neva—Lenin's Vision —Leap to the West—The Army of International Revo­ lution—German-Russian Unity—Latin Misunderstand­ ings—Flaming Orient—Zinoviev's Triumph II. Giants and Pigmies (From the Papers of Comrade X) 34 Call to Moscow—Riddle of Kronstadt—Mission to Ber­ lin—Confusion in the High Command—Jeanne and the Besprizorny — Parliament of Revolution — Lenin—"We are not to blame that we are Italians!"—Karl Radek, Mephistopheles of the Comintern — Revolutionary Laughter—Nicolai Bukharin—High Command With­ out Lenin III. Financial Agent of the Comintern (From the Memoirs of Comrade Y) 67 Open Sesame—Diamonds in Transit—The Guardian of the Financial Grail IV. A Game of Bolshevik Poker 76 German-Russian Pact of 1921—Radek's Royal Flush V. Giants and Pigmies (Cont.) (From the Papers of Comrade X) 90 Lenin's Death and Stalin's Oath—Stalin Opens the Door of the High Command—Lux Decameron—The Pure and the Impure—Intermezzo in Esthonia—Man- uilsky's Follies—A Bomb Explodes in Sofia—World Revolution is Dead in Russia— Jeanne is Happy — Decision in the General StaE—Radek's Misery—Stalin Takes Over—American Interlude—First Purge in the Comintern VI. Financial Agent of the Comintern (Cont.) (From the Memoirs of Comrade Y) 126 Stalin Takes a Hand—Trouble-Shooter of the Com­ intern—As If It Had Never Been http://d-nb.info/362442320 CONTENTS PART II: PROFESSIONAL REVOLUTIONARIES CHAPTER PAGE VII.
    [Show full text]
  • Trotsky and the Problem of Soviet Bureaucracy
    TROTSKY AND THE PROBLEM OF SOVIET BUREAUCRACY by Thomas Marshall Twiss B.A., Mount Union College, 1971 M.A., University of Pittsburgh, 1972 M.S., Drexel University, 1997 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2009 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH FACULTY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Thomas Marshall Twiss It was defended on April 16, 2009 and approved by William Chase, Professor, Department of History Ronald H. Linden, Professor, Department of Political Science Ilya Prizel, Professor, Department of Political Science Dissertation Advisor: Jonathan Harris, Professor, Department of Political Science ii Copyright © by Thomas Marshall Twiss 2009 iii TROTSKY AND THE PROBLEM OF SOVIET BUREAUCRACY Thomas Marshall Twiss, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2009 In 1917 the Bolsheviks anticipated, on the basis of the Marxist classics, that the proletarian revolution would put an end to bureaucracy. However, soon after the revolution many within the Bolshevik Party, including Trotsky, were denouncing Soviet bureaucracy as a persistent problem. In fact, for Trotsky the problem of Soviet bureaucracy became the central political and theoretical issue that preoccupied him for the remainder of his life. This study examines the development of Leon Trotsky’s views on that subject from the first years after the Russian Revolution through the completion of his work The Revolution Betrayed in 1936. In his various writings over these years Trotsky expressed three main understandings of the nature of the problem: During the civil war and the first years of NEP he denounced inefficiency in the distribution of supplies to the Red Army and resources throughout the economy as a whole.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes and References
    Notes and References INTRODUCTION 1. Paul R. Brass, 'Ethnicity and Nationality Formation,' Ethnicity, no. 3 (1976) pp. 227-9. 2. Karl W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication: An Inquiry into the Foundations of Nationality (Cambridge, Mass., 1966) p. 104. 3. Brass, 'Ethnicity and Nationality Formation,' p. 239. 4. Michael Hechter and Margaret Levi, 'The Comparative Analysis of Ethnoregional Movements,' Ethnic and Racial Studies, no. 3 (1979) p. 266. 5. Karl W. Deutsch, 'Social Mobilization and Political Development,' American Political Science Review, no. 3 (1961) p. 493. 1 UKRAINIAN SOCIETY ON THE EVE OF THE REVOLUTION 1. Dankwart D. Rustow, 'Nation,' in David Shills (ed.) International Ency­ c/opaediia of the Social Sciences, 17 vols. (New York, 1968) vol. 11, p. 12. 2. See Borys Ol'khivs'kyi, Vil'nyi narid (Warsaw, 1937), pp. 40-1; pp. 48-50. 3. Mykhailo Drahomanov, 'Perednie slovo do 'Hromady' ,' in Vybrani tvory (Prague and New York, 1937), vol 1, p. 93. 4. In 1897, 36 per cent of the population of the Crimea was Tatar. After the revolution, the Crimea became an autonomous republic of the Rus­ sian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic. In 1944, Tatars were deported en masse to Central Asia, charged with collaborating with the Nazis. The charges were formally withdrawn in 1967 by a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Tatars, however, were not allowed to return to their ancestral homeland. 5. V. M. Kabuzan and H. P. Makhnova, 'Chislennost' i udel'nyi ves ukrainskogo naseleniia na territorii SSSR v 1795-1959 gg.', /storiia SSSR, no.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ambiguities of Soviet “Piedmonts”: Soviet Borderland
    THE AMBIGUITIES OF SOVIET “PIEDMONTS”: SOVIET BORDERLAND POLICIES IN THE UKRAINIAN SSR AND THE MOLDOVAN ASSR, 1922-1934 Alexandr Voronovici A DISSERTATION in History Presented to the Faculties of the Central European University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Budapest, Hungary 2016 CEU eTD Collection Supervisor: Professor Alexei Miller ii Copyright in the text of this dissertation rests with the author. Copies by any process, either in full or part, may be made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European Library. Details may be obtained by the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copied made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may not be made without the written permission of the Author. I hereby declare that this dissertation contains no materials accepted for any other degrees and no materials previously written and/or published by another person unless otherwise noted. CEU eTD Collection iii Abstract The dissertation analyzes Soviet borderland policies in the Ukrainian SSR and the Moldovan ASSR in the 1920s and early 1930s. Adopting the situational approach, I explore the Soviet struggle for borderlands on the Western border and the role of the cross-border cultural ties in it. The dissertation argues that the negotiations, different interpretations and the interplay between actors on both sides of the Soviet Western border influenced and framed the evolution of borderland policies in the Ukrainian SSR and the Moldovan ASSR in 1920s. Although, the Soviet Union was a centralized state with a disciplined party, there was still considerable space for conflicting interpretations of Moscow's directives and the promotion of personal agenda by Soviet leaders and activists.
    [Show full text]
  • The Great War and the Birth of the Communist Movement in Romania
    THE GREAT WAR AND THE BIRTH OF THE COMMUNIST MOVEMENT IN ROMANIA Gheorghe ONIŞORU Ştefan cel Mare University of Suceava E-mail: [email protected] Rezumat: Marele Război şi naşterea mişcării comuniste în România. Înfiinţarea Partidului Comunist din România în anul 1921, ca de altfel întreaga mișcare comunistă din ţara noastră, a fost puternic influenţată de evenimentele de pe plan mondial de la sfârșitul Primului Război Mondial – ne referim aici cu precădere la revoluţia bolșevică din Rusia și la răspândirea ei spre Europa. Studiul nostru își propune să analizeze maniera în care comunismul românesc a urmat modelul sovietic, mai ales că vorbim despre o ţară care nu avea tradiţie în această direcţie, iar clasa muncitoare era mult inferioară din punct de vedere numeric faţă de ţărănime. Résumé : La Grande Guerre et la naissance du mouvement communiste en Roumanie. La création du Parti communiste en Roumanie en 1921, de même que l'en- semble du mouvement communiste de notre pays, a été fortement influencée par les événements du monde depuis la fin de la Première Guerre Mondiale. Nous nous référons ici particulièrement à la révolution bolchevique en Russie et à sa propagation en Europe. Notre étude vise à analyser la façon dont le communisme roumain a suivi le modèle soviétique, d'autant plus que nous parlons d'un pays qui n'a pas de tradition dans cette direction, et la classe ouvrière était beaucoup plus faible en termes de nombre vis-à-vis les paysans. Abstract. The communist movement in Romania and the birth of the Communist Party in 1921 was a phenomenon strongly influenced by events at the end of the Great War.
    [Show full text]
  • RUSSIAN SOCIALIST FEDERATIVE SOVIET REPUBLIC Quadrumvirate: Anatolian Wars, 1919 Chaired by Amy Guo
    RUSSIAN SOCIALIST FEDERATIVE SOVIET REPUBLIC Quadrumvirate: Anatolian Wars, 1919 Chaired by Amy Guo Session XXII Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic Quadrumvirate: Anatolian Wars, 1919 Topic A: Securing National Stability and Combating Anti­Communist Sentiment Topic B : Reforming the Russian State as a Dominant Global Power Committee Overview The security of the country and the Communist party will be determined by It is the year 1919, and the Russian your successes or failures as a committee. Empire is in great disorder following the aftermath of World War I. While other Allied powers are thriving both politically Parliamentary Procedure and economically, the monarchy entered Standard MUN parliamentary the war at a time when it was unprepared procedure will be adhered to in this and unstable, ultimately leading to the committee, but may be altered at the downfall of Soviet Russia. Under the discretion of the chair. Delegates in this leadership of Vladimir Lenin and his committee have certain abilities and powers Bolshevik revolutionaries, the Russian that can greatly affect debate, and Empire has now disintegrated to become subsequently, the course of events. This the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet committee will be following procedures Republic. However, opposing forces pose similar to that of the General Assemblies, significant threats to the first socialist which includes maintaining a speaker’s list republic. and having moderated and unmoderated This committee, composed of caucuses. However, there will be a variety twenty­one of Lenin’s trusted officials and of crises that will require the use of comrades, must work diligently and directives, communiqués, press releases, strategically to retain the power in the and portfolio requests.
    [Show full text]
  • The Independentist Ukrainian Marxists and Soviet Hungary, Allies for Ukrainian Self-Government in 1919
    Christopher Ford THE INDEPENDENTIST UKRAINIAN MARXISTS AND SOVIET HUNGARY, ALLIES FOR UKRAINIAN SELF-GOVERNMENT IN 1919 Introduction Contours and cleavages in Ukrainian Marxism The Nezalezhnyky or Independentists crystallised as a faction of the Uk- rainian Social Democratic Workers Party (USDRP) in December 1918, re-organised as the Ukrainian Communist Party (UKP) they remained active until March 1925. The process which culminated in the formation of the Nezalezhnyky has traditionally been located in the clash of con- tending perspectives of the Ukrainian Revolution. However the Neza- lezhny ky did not consider themselves a split as such but heirs to the Uk- rainian Marxist tradition, with a history stretching “from the Revolutio- nary Uk rainian Party (1900–1905) through the USDRP (1905–1919) and fi nally UKP, which is its revolutionary successor”.1 From its beginnings Ukrainian Marxism had to come to grips with the national question. Devoid of self-government and partitioned between two rival powers, on the eve of the revolution the majority of Ukraine had been held by Russia in a colonial position for two and half centuries, the perplexities of national liberation intimately connected with the eman- cipation of labour from both a social structure still characterised by a feudal nature and the relations of capitalism. 2 1 Lyst TsK Vikonomy Kominternu Pro Vzayemovidnostini Mizh UKP i KP(b)U, (27 August 1924), Dokumenti Trahichnoii Istorii Ukraini (1917–1927), Bachinskyi P. ed, Kyiv 1999, p. 523 2 But contrary to the prognosis of some, such as Georgi Plekhanov, the develop- ment of capitalism did not render permanent its status as a so-called ‘non-historic’ nation.
    [Show full text]
  • Sucala, Voicu Ion (2018) Inside the Romanian Communist Economy: State Planning, Factory and Manager
    Sucala, Voicu Ion (2018) Inside the Romanian communist economy: state planning, factory and manager. PhD thesis. https://theses.gla.ac.uk/30636/ Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Enlighten: Theses https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] Inside the Romanian Communist Economy: State Planning, Factory and Manager Voicu Ion Sucală Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Social & Political Sciences, College of Social Sciences University of Glasgow February 2018 Abstract The aim of this research was to examine the main organisational and social characteristics of the Romanian industrial enterprise under communist rule. The research explored the complex relations between state planning bodies, enterprises, and the managers. The research’s approach was multi-disciplinary drawing on industrial management, economics, organisation studies sociology, and political science. The research had also a consistent trans-disciplinary character because it aimed to create an over-arching perspective on Romanian industrialisation process. The approach employed in this study was the one labelled by Burrell & Morgan interpretivist. This means that author’s set of assumptions over society and social research lies on the subjective side of the philosophy of science dimension, and is characterised by an integrationist view over society.
    [Show full text]
  • Trotsky: Platform of the Joint Opposition
    Platform of the Joint Opposition-Contents Leon Trotsky Platform of the Joint Opposition 1927 The on-line publication of this important document was originally accomplished in 1998 for the Trotsky Internet Archive (TIA). The version, printed originally in an edition by Pathfinder Press, was ordered by Pathfinder Press attorneys to be removed. Pathfinder Press was once a Trotskyist publishing company but has for many years been operated within the norms of a commercial publishing house that jealously guards it's copyrights, even to the detriment of the distribution of the documents it seeks to control. This occurred in the fall of 2000. The TIA was able to obtain another translation of a 1973 translation of The Platform of the Joint Opposition from Index Books, a socialist publisher in Britain that was only too happy to have the TIA distribute, for free over the Internet, this document. Index Books acquired the stock and copyrights of New Park Publications, which for decades had been Britains biggest publishers of Leon Trotsky until it folded in 1984-85. —David Walters, Director, Trotsky Internet Archive This version was transcribed in the winter of 2000-2001 by David Walters Contents Forward — From New Park Publications and the Transcriber Chapter 1 Introductory remarks http://www.marxists.org/archive/trotsky/works/1927/opposition/index.htm (1 of 2) [06/06/2002 15:00:23] Platform of the Joint Opposition-Contents Chapter 2 The Situation of the Working Class and the Trade Unions Chapter 3 The Working Class and the Trade Unions Chapter 4 State industry and the building of Socialism Chapter 5 The Soviets Chapter 6 The National Question Chapter 7 The Party Chapter 8 The League of Communist Youth Chapter 9 Our international situation and the war danger Chapter 10 The Red Army and the Red Fleet Chapter 11 Real and pretended disagreements Chapter 12 Against opportunism-for the unity of the party The photos on the cover of the New Park Publications version of The Platform of the Joint Opposition shows the leadership and initial signatories of the Platform.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the 2018 Revolutionary Marxism
    Without revolutionary theory there can be no revolutionary movement. V. I. Lenin, What is to be done? Revolutionary Marxism 2018 Special annual English edition www.devrimcimarksizm.net [email protected] Devrimci Marksizm Üç aylık politik/teorik dergi (Yerel, süreli yayın) İngilizce yıllık özel sayı Sahibi ve Sorumlu Yazı İşleri Müdürü: Şiar Rişvanoğlu Yönetim Yeri: Adliye Arkası 3. Sokak Tüzün İşhanı No: 22/2 ADANA Baskı: Net Copy Center, Özel Baskı Çözümleri, Ömer Avni Mh., İnönü Cad./ Beytül Malcı Sok. 23/A, 34427 Beyoğlu/İstanbul Tel: +90-4440708 Yurtdışı Fiyatı: 10 Avro Kıbrıs Fiyatı: 20 TL Fiyatı: 15 TL (KDV Dahil) Cover Photo As 1917 advanced, the Petrograd Soviet of Workers’ and Soldiers’ Deputies became increa- singly the major centre of power. Revolutionary Marxism 2018 CONTENTS In this issue 5 The Middle East Levent Dölek The phases, lessons and future of the Syrian 15 civil war Kutlu Dane The centenary of the Balfour Declaration, 49 imperialism’s visa for the Nakba and Zionist occupation Sungur Savran Revolution as the driving force of modern 71 Middle Eastern history Class struggles across the world Cenk Saraçoğlu Methods of understanding the 93 “contemporary”: A discussion on populism and fascism “Christian Rakovsky” Resolution on the world situation 111 Center and RedMed The October Revolution Savas Michael-Matsas October 1917: A world event 123 Tamás Krausz The State and Revolution 139 Özgür Öztürk Socialist planning in the 21st century 157 Armağan Tulunay The land of the October revolution: a 181 country of women walking on the road to emancipation Sungur Savran The Muslim October 213 Revolutionary Marxism 2018 CONTENTS Eastern Europe Daniela Penkova Bulgaria in the trap of neoliberalism 237 150 years of Capital Sungur Savran Das Kapital: the book of communism 249 In this issue translations Kurdish Ev Hejmar 269 279 في هذا العدد Arabic 283 در این شماره Persian Azerbaijan Turkish Bu nömrədə 289 French Dans ce numéro 299 Greek Σε αυτό το τεύχος 311 Bulgarian В този брой 323 Russian В этом выпуске..
    [Show full text]