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aqua Journal of and Aquatic Biology

Vol. 6 (3), February 2003

Aquapress ISSN 0945-9871 aqua - Journal of Ichthyology and Aquatic Biology

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Shore fishes of Navassa Island, West Indies: a case study on the need for rotenone sampling in reef biodiversity studies

Bruce B. Collette1, Jeffrey T. Williams2, Christine E. Thacker3, and Michael L. Smith4

1) National Marine Fisheries Service Systematics Laboratory, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560-0153, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 2) Division of Fishes, Department of Systematic Biology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560-0159, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 3) Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 4) Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, 1919 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted: 20.12.2002

Keywords Navassa, like Bermuda and the western Navassa; Caribbean; West Indies; reef fishes; atolls, lacks families associated with the continental rotenone; biodiversity; shelf such as toadfishes, searobins, and snooks. Navassa also lacks families associated with shallow “To fully protect the national parks, we must first seagrass beds and forage fishes such as herrings and understand what they contain.” anchovies. Navassa has similar numbers of gobioids Thomas A. Kiernan, (14 vs. 19 species in Bermuda), damselfishes (9 vs. President, National Parks Conservation 10), surgeonfishes (3), (5 vs. 6), squir- Association, 2000 relfishes (7 vs. 8), and cardinalfishes (11 vs. 12); but fewer (14 vs. 32), jacks (7 vs. 17), grunts (3 vs. 7), Abstract (10 vs. 16), snappers (4 vs. 11), We occupied 38 fish stations at Navassa Island in (9 vs. 13), and serranids (21 vs. 29); and more April-May 1999: 22 rotenone collections, mostly by blennioids (24 vs. 11), plus clingfishes (6) and jaw- scuba diving; 4 night light/dip net stations; 5 hook and fishes (2), families that are absent from Bermuda. line, trolling and hand-lining stations; and 7 visual underwater surveys. Eight new cryptic species were Zusammenfassung collected with rotenone - five blennioids, two cling- In der Zeit von April bis Mai 1999 besetzten wir 38 fishes, and a goby. Five have already been described Fischfangstationen an der Navassa Insel: 22 Rotenon- and three are described in papers currently in press. Fangstationen, hauptsächlich durch SCUBA Tauch - New information is given on the behaviour and life gänge; 4 Nachtlicht / Senknetz – Stationen ; 5 Angel – colours of one of the recently described blennioids, Stationen zum Schlepp- und Handangeln; und 7 Sta- vitta. tionen für visuelle Unterwassererauswertungen. Acht We collected or recorded 224 species of fishes from neue kryptische Arten wurden mit Rotenon gefangen – 66 families, verifying most earlier records and adding fünf Blennioiden, zwei Saugfische und eine Meeres- another 160 species, making a current total of 237 grundel. Fünf sind bereits beschrieben worden und drei species known from Navassa. Of the 224 species sind in gegenwärtig zu veröffentlichen Artikeln recorded, 102 (45.5%) were taken only with rotenone, beschrie ben. Neue Information über das Verhalten und and 56 others were collected using rotenone and Lebendfärbung einer der vor kurzem beschriebenen other techniques. Thus a total of 158 species (70.5%) Blennioiden, Emblemaria vitta, wird gegeben. were collected using rotenone, supporting the need Wir sammelten oder erfassten 224 Fischarten aus 66 for this technique in obtaining a complete inventory. Familien, bestätigten die meisten früheren Aufzeich- Most fishes found at Navassa are reef-associated nungen und fügten weitere 160 Arten hinzu, so dass species that are widely distributed in the Caribbean gegenwärtig eine Gesamtzahl von 237 Arten von Sea. Navassa is relatively depauperate when com- Navassa bekannt ist. Von den 224 erfassten Arten, wur- pared with Bermuda (433 species of fishes) and four den 102 (45.5 %) ausschließlich mit Rotenon gesam- western Caribbean oceanic atolls (273 fishes). melt, und 56 weitere Arten wurden durch den Einsatz Navassa shares 140 fish species with Bermuda and von Rotenon und anderen Methoden gefangen. Insge- 139 fish species with the western Caribbean atolls. samt wurden 158 Arten (70.5%) durch den Gebrauch

89 aqua vol. 6 no. 3 - 2003 Shore fishes of Navassa Island, West Indies: a case study on the need for rotenone sampling in reef fish biodiversity studies von Rotenon gesammelt, was den Einsatz dieser Fang- sons avec les Bermudes et 139 avec les atolls occiden- methode zum Erhalt einer kompletten Bestandsauf- taux. Navassa, tout comme les Bermudes et lesdits nahme unterstützt. Die meisten bei Navassa gefunde- atolls, est dépourvue de familles associées au plateau nen Fische sind an Riffen lebende Arten, die im continental comme les poissons - crapauds, les Karibischen Meer weit verbreitet sind. Die Fischfauna grondins et les brochets de mer. Navassa ignore aussi der Navassa Insel ist relativ artenarm im Vergleich zu les familles associées aux herbiers de faible profondeur Bermuda (433 Fischarten) und zu vier ozeanischen et les poissons fouilleurs comme les harengs et les Atollen in der westlichen Karibik (273 Fischarten). Ein- anchois. Navassa compte un nombre similaire de gob- hundertvierzig der Fischarten von Navassa kommen idés (14 contre 19 aux Bermudes), de demoiselles (9 ebenfalls in Bermuda and 139 Arten in den westlichen contre 10), de chirurgiens (3), de balistes (5 contre 6), karibischen Atollen vor. Bei Navassa, genau wie in de poissons - écureuils (7 contre 8) et d'apogons (11 Bermuda und in den westlichen karibischen Atollen, contre 12); mais moins d'anguilles (14 contre 32), de gibt es keine Familien die auf dem Kontinentalschelf caranges (7 contre 17), de grogneurs (3 contre 7), de leben, wie zum Beispiel: Krötenfische, Knurrhähne und labres (10 contre 16), de lutjanidés (4 contre 11), de olivgrüner Snook. Ebenfalls abwesend sind Familien poissons - perroquets (9 contre 13) et de serranidés (21 der flachen Seegrasbetten sowie Futterfische wie Her- contre 29); et davantage de blennies (24 contre 11), ing und Anchovis. Navassa hat eine ähnliche Anzahl ainsi que des poissons - ventouses (6) et des poissons von Gobioiden (14 im Gegensatz zu 19 Arten in - mâchoires (2), absents dans les Bermudes. Bermuda), Riffbarsche (9 gegen 10), Doktorfische (3), Drückerfische (5 gegen 6), Soldatenfische (7 gegen 8) Sommario und Kardinalfische (11 gegen 12); aber weniger: Aale Nel periodo Aprile-Maggio 1999 sono state predis- (14 gegen 17), Stachelmakrelen (7 gegen 17), Grun- poste intorno all’Isola Navassa 38 stazioni di raccolta: zer (3 gegen 7), Lippfische (10 gegen 16), Schnapper in 22 di esse è stato eseguito un campionamento con (4 gegen 11), Papageienfische (9 gegen 13) und Ser- rotenone, in 4 stazioni con rete da pesca in luce not- raniden (21 gegen 29) und weitere Blennioiden (24 turna, in 5 stazioni con amo e lenza e in 7 stazioni si gegen 11), sowie Saugfische (6) und Brunnenbauer sono eseguite osservazioni subacquee. Mediante (2), aus Familien die nicht bei Bermuda vorkommen. rotenone sono state raccolte otto nuove specie crip- tiche - cinque blennoidi, due succiascogli e un ghiozzo. Résumé Cinque di queste sono già state formalmente descritte, Nous avons installé 38 stations d'observation des pois- mentre la descrizione delle altre tre è in corso di sons sur l'île Navassa en avril-mai 1999: 22 stations de stampa. Sono qui riferiti nuovi dati sul comportamento collecte à la roténone, la plupart en plongée; 4 stations e la colorazione di una delle specie recentemente de nuit à filets éclairés; 5 de pêche à l'hameçon, de descritte, Emblemaria vitta. pêche au lancer et de pêche manuelle; enfin, 7 de con- Complessivamente sono state raccolte o registrate trôle subaquatique. Huit nouvelles espèces cryptiques 224 specie di pesci appartenenti a 66 famiglie, confer- ont été collectées à la roténone - cinq blennies, deux mando in parte dati già in possesso, ma aggiungen- poissons - ventouses et un gobie. Cinq ont déjà été done 160 di nuove. Pertanto il numero di specie che décrites et trois autres le seront sous peu. De l'infor- risultano presenti nelle acque intorno all’isola Navassa mation inédite est donnée sur le comportement et les sono ora 237. Delle 224 specie riferite in questo lavoro, couleurs in vivo pour une des blennies récemment 102 (45.5%) sono state raccolte solo con l’ausilio del décrites, Emblemaria vitta. rotenone, mentre 56 con rotenone affiancato ad altre Nous avons collecté ou enregistré 224 espèces de tecniche. Con un totale di 158 specie raccolte, il poissons de 66 familles, en confirmant ainsi la plupart rotenone si dimostra, quindi, essenziale per ottenere des découvertes précédentes et en ajoutant 160 autres un inventario completo delle specie. La maggior parte è espèces, totalisant le nombre actuel de 237 espèces rappresentata da specie di scogliera ampiamente dif- connues pour Navassa. Sur les 224 espèces relevées, fuse nel Mar dei Caraibi. Navassa risulta piuttosto 102 (45,5%) ont été capturées à l'aide de la seule povera di specie se confrontata con le isole Bermuda roténone, alors que 56 autres ont été collectées à la (433 specie) e con quattro atolli oceanici dei Caraibi roténone combinée à d'autres techniques. Donc, un occidentali (237 specie). Delle specie registrate a total de 158 espèces (70,5%) ont été collectées à la Navassa 140 sono presenti anche alle Bermuda, men- roténone, prouvant son caractère indispensable pour tre 139 sono comuni con i sopra citati atolli. Tutte e tre obtenir des inventaires complets. La plupart des pois- le località mancano però di famiglie associate alla sons trouvés à Navassa sont associés aux récifs et sont piattaforma continentale, come i pesci rospo (Batra- largement distribués dans la Mer des Caraïbes. coididae), le triglie e i lucci di mare (Centropomidae). A Navassa paraît relativement pauvre en espèces com- Navassa sono assenti anche le famiglie associate ai parée aux Bermudes (433 espèces de poissons) et letti di alghe poco profondi, come aringhe e acciughe. quatre atolls océaniques des Caraïbes occidentales Rispetto alle Bermuda, Navassa ha un numero di (273 espèces). Navassa partage 140 espèces de pois- specie simile per quanto riguarda i ghiozzi (14 vs 19), i aqua vol. 6 no. 3 - 2003 90 Bruce B. Collette, Jeffrey T. Williams, Christine E. Thacker, and Michael L. Smith pesci donzella (9 vs 10), i pesci chirurgo (3), i pesci The depth at the shoreline is about 24 m, except for balestra (5 vs 6), i pesci scoiattolo (7 vs 8) e i pesci car- some shallower waters at the north-west end. dinale (11 vs 12); ha tuttavia un numero inferiore di and grow on large underwater blocks of rock specie di murene (14 vs 32), carangidi (7 vs 17), pesci that have broken off the cliffs and fallen into the waters grugnitori (3 vs 7), labridi (10 vs 16), lutianidi (4 vs 11), around the island. cover is most extensive in shal- pesci pappagallo (9 vs 13) e cernie (21 vs 29). È pre- low waters and at about 30 m at the north-west end of sente però un maggior numero di blennoidi (24 vs 11), the island. Turner (1960), Powell (1999), and Grace et insieme a succiascogli (6) ed opistognatidi (2), due al. (2001) provided descriptions of the island and famiglie assenti alle Bermuda. Skaggs (1994) traced the history of the phosphate min- ing (1864 to 1898) that changed its surface. A light- Introduction house was built in 1917, and was manned by resident Navassa is a small isolated island located at 18°25’N, families until it was made automatic in 1929 (Turner, 75°05’ W (Fig. 1), about 55 km west of the Tiburon 1960). The lighthouse was taken out of service in 1996. Peninsula of Haiti and about 220 km north-east of At present there are no permanent residents on the Morant Point, Jamaica. It was claimed by the United island, although Haitian fishermen visit it regularly to States under the Guano Act of 1857 (Skaggs, 1994) fish off the north-west point, and to obtain water from and designated a United States National Wildlife the cistern adjacent to the old lighthouse. Refuge in April 1999. Its area is about 3.5 km2, its Navassa’s land plants (Ekman, 1929), birds, land length 2 km, and its highest point is 76 m (Turner, snails (Turner, 1960), reptiles (Powell, 1999), spiders 1960). The island rises abruptly from fairly deep water. (Alayón García, 2001), and some other groups of

Fig. 1. Location of Navassa in the West Indies.

91 aqua vol. 6 no. 3 - 2003 Shore fishes of Navassa Island, West Indies: a case study on the need for rotenone sampling in reef fish biodiversity studies organisms are reasonably well–known. A few fishes Methods and materials were collected (1) during the Harvard Navassa Expedi- We occupied 38 fish stations during NAV 99 in April- tion of 1929-1930, (2) by the Bureau of Commercial May 1999 (Appendix, Fig. 5): 22 rotenone stations, Fisheries (BCF) R/V Oregon in 1965, and (3) by the mostly on scuba dives; 4 night light/dip net stations National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Oregon II (multi-night); 5 hook and line stations, trolling and hand- which visited the island’s waters in 1977 and 1998, but lining from the vessels; and 7 scuba dives for visual sur- no complete inventory of the fishes of Navassa has veys. In addition, we viewed 17, 20-25 min. videotapes been published (Grace et al. 2001). About 70 species of made during scuba dives from the Quest, recording at fishes from Navassa were mentioned in cruise reports least the first time a species was seen on the video- by BCF and NMFS vessels, but some were identified tapes. We usually used two or three 4-litre plastic bags only to . Very few were based on vouchered spec- of powdered rotenone. Each bag contained about 1.5 imens housed in archival museums. A major goal of the kg of powdered rotenone mixed into a slurry with water 1999 expedition to Navassa (NAV 99) April 29-May 12 and liquid detergent before each dive. Powdered by the M/V Quest (Fig. 2) and the Dominican Republic’s rotenone is preferable to the liquid rotenone used on fishery vessel Mago de Mar (Fig. 3) was to survey the previous expeditions because it targets fishes selec- fishes of Navassa using as many different techniques as tively and does not contain the emulsifiers that can possible. Four ichthyologists (Fig. 4) participated and stress invertebrates (Gilmore et al., 1981). prepared this paper. A third expedition to Navassa in Previous expeditions that collected or recorded March 2000 (NAV 2000) was sponsored by the Ocean fishes (with references): Conservancy (formerly the Center for Marine Conserva- MCZ - Harvard Navassa Expedition (Clench, 1945; tion. This was designed “to quantify reef fish abundance, Turner, 1960) and Virginia Expedition, 1907. biomass, size structure and assemblage composition” BCF 65 - R/V Oregon Cruise 101 (Bullis, 1965; BB (Miller and Gerstner, 2002). Collette field notes). NOAA 77 - R/V Oregon II Cruise 77-08 (Miller, 1997). NOAA 98 - R/V Oregon II Cruise OT-98-02 (Grace, Table I. Numbers of fish species recorded by NAV 99 1999; Grace et al. 2001). from Navassa Island by different techniques (total 224 NIP 98 - Navassa scoping expedition 1998, Mago species): R (rotenone, highlighted to emphasize its de Mar importance), Si (sighting), L (line fishing and trolling), DN NAV 99 - Navassa 1999, M/V Quest and Mago de Mar (dipnet), and V (video); 45.5% only with rotenone; an NAV 2000 - Navassa 2000, R/V II (Miller additional 25.0% with rotenone and some other tech- and Gerstner, 2002). nique for a total of 70.5% with rotenone. Summary Species recorded with only one technique: 144 The full list of fishes now known from Navassa con- R Si DN L V tains 237 species from 68 families. Most of these 102 15 13 9 5 species were collected using rotenone (Table I), the only way of collecting small cryptic species such as Species recorded with two techniques: 44 eels, clingfishes, gobies, and blennies. Of the 224 R + Si V + Si L + Si R + V R + DN DN + V DN + Si species we recorded, 102 (45.5%) were taken only 19 13 5 4 1 1 1 with rotenone and another 56 (25%) using rotenone plus other techniques, for a total of 158 species Species recorded with several techniques: 34 (70.5%). This underlines the usefulness of rotenone in R, V, Si L, V, Si R, L, Si R, DN, V, Si obtaining a complete inventory of species present. 30 2 1 1 Eight undescribed cryptic species, five blennioids, two clingfishes, and a goby, were taken using rotenone alone. The goby (Evermannichthys bicolor) was Table II. Increase in knowledge of Navassa fish biodiver- recently described by Thacker (2001) and one of the sity. clingfishes (Tomicodon reitzae) by Briggs (2001; but mistakenly thought to occur in the eastern Pacific). Expedition total 1st only cumulative Williams (2002) described two chaenopsids (Acan- MCZ 30 2 2 0 2 themblemaria harpeza and Emblemaria vitta); new BCF 65 12 12 4 14 information on colour and ecology is included herein NOAA 77 29 27 3 41 for the latter, and a dactyloscopid (Gillellus inescatus). NOAA 98 49 33 4 74 The other clingfish will be described elsewhere by NIP 98 7 3 1 77 Williams and Tyler (in press) and the two new Starksia NAV 99 224 160 159 237 by Williams and Mounts (in press). Six species were NAV 2000 4 0 0 237 collected at 15 or more rotenone stations: Canthi- gaster rostrata (19 stations), Stegastes partitus (17), aqua vol. 6 no. 3 - 2003 92 Bruce B. Collette, Jeffrey T. Williams, Christine E. Thacker, and Michael L. Smith

Fig. 2. M/V Quest. View from the stern showing the helicopter on the upper deck and the sport-fishing vessel M/V Black- fin on the stern deck.

Fig. 3. M/V Quest, M/V Blackfin, and the Dominican Republic’s fishery vessel R/V Mago del Mar, with Navassa in the background.

93 aqua vol. 6 no. 3 - 2003 Shore fishes of Navassa Island, West Indies: a case study on the need for rotenone sampling in reef fish biodiversity studies

Fig. 4. Scientists on the NAV 99 expedition, from left to right: Jeffrey Williams; Bruce Collette; Christine Thacker; Giraldo Alayón García, the Cuban spider expert; Michael Smith; and a USGS geologist, Robert Halley.

Plectrypops retrospinis (16), Gnatholepis thompsoni netted by the first author on the BCF cruise in 1965. (16), Thalassoma bifasciatum (15) and Starksia lepi- Three cruises on the R/V Oregon and R/V Oregon II coelia (15). We collected more than 300 specimens of added more species, but most of these records lack five species: Thalassoma bifasciatum (557 specimens), voucher specimens. We recorded 224 species of macclurei (480), Malacoctenus triangu- fishes, verifying most of the early records (except for latus (462), Gramma loreto (372), and Entomacrodus several species of larger fishes, such as and nigricans (309). Twenty-two species were collected only snappers), and adding 160 species to the known once at a rotenone station (including three of the new ichthyofauna of the island. species), but some of these 22 species were also seen Most of the species in our list are widely distributed in visual surveys. reef-associated species. Compared with Bermuda, Rotenone collections were supplemented by collec- with 433 known species (Smith-Vaniz et al., 1999), tions made with hook and line, trolling, and dip and the four western Caribbean oceanic atolls (Cour- net/night light, and by visual surveys and reviews of town, Albuquerque, Serrana, and Roncador), with 273 videotapes. We include five species of lanternfishes species reported by Mejia et al. (1998), Navassa (Myctophidae) in our list of shore fishes because appears relatively depauperate. It shares 140 species these were all dip-netted at the surface at night from with Bermuda and 139 species with the western the M/VQuest while at anchor. Caribbean atolls, though not all are the same species Before our expedition, it was possible to compile a shared with Bermuda (Table III). The fishes of list of about 77 species of fishes from Navassa, based Navassa can be compared with those of these two on cruise reports, field notes, videotapes, and areas by calculating the coefficient of faunal similarity museum collections (Table II). We are aware of sev- (CFS). CFS = 2C/(a+b) where C = the number of eral lots of fishes from Navassa catalogued in muse- species in common between two areas, a = the num- ums prior to 1999, two lots at the MCZ from early ber of species in the first area, and b = the number of expeditions, the skeleton of a dolphinfish as well as species in the second area. The fish fauna of Navassa some halfbeaks, flyingfishes, and needlefishes dip- resembles that from the western Caribbean atolls aqua vol. 6 no. 3 - 2003 94 Bruce B. Collette, Jeffrey T. Williams, Christine E. Thacker, and Michael L. Smith

Table III. Comparison of the fish fauna of Navassa with Table IV. Comparison of major groups of fishes in Bermuda (Smith-Vaniz et al., 1999) and four western Navassa with Bermuda (Smith-Vaniz et al., 1999) and Caribbean atolls (Mejia et al. 1998). CFS is the coefficient four western Caribbean atolls (Mejia et al., 1998). Bold of faunal similarity (CFS = 2C/(a+b) where C = number of face is used for groups that show significant differences species in common between two areas, a = number of in numbers of species among the three areas. species in first area, and b = number of species in sec- ond area. Group Navassa Bermuda W. Caribbean Navassa Bermuda W. Caribbean 4 12 2 Total known species 237 433 273 rays 2 3 2 eels 14 << 32 13 Species in common 140 139 clupeoids 0 << 5 3 % in common with Navassa 32.3 50.9 clingfishes 6 >> 0 0 CFS .418 .545 silversides 1 1 3 beloniforms 10 21 13 (CFS = 0.548) more than that from Bermuda (CFS = squirrelfishes 7 8 6 0.420). Like Bermuda and the western Caribbean sea basses 21 29 25 atolls, Navassa lacks families associated with the con- cardinal fishes 11 12 8 tinental shelf such as toadfishes (Batrachoididae), jacks 7 << 17 14 searobins (Triglidae), and snooks (Centropomidae). snappers 4 11 9 Navassa also lacks families associated with shallow mojarras 0 << 6 >> 2 seagrass beds, as well as forage fishes such as her- grunts 3 << 7 10 rings (Clupeidae) and anchovies (Engraulidae). butterflyfishes 4 5 4 Navassa has similar numbers of gobioid species (14 angelfishes 5 3 5 vs. 19 in Bermuda), damselfishes (9 vs. 10 species), jawfishes 2 >> 0 << 2 surgeonfishes (3), triggerfishes (5 vs. 6), squir- damselfishes 9 10 12 relfishes (7 vs. 8), cardinalfishes (11 vs. 12); but fewer wrasses 10 << 16 >> 11 eels (14 vs. 32), jacks (7 vs. 17), grunts (3 vs. 7), parrotfishes 9 << 13 15 wrasses (10 vs. 16), snappers (4 vs. 11), parrotfishes blennioids 24 >> 9 << 23 (9 vs. 13), and serranids (21 vs. 29); and more gobioids 14 19 21 blennioids (several families, 24 vs. 11), plus cling- triggerfishes 5 6 5 fishes (6 species) and jawfishes (2 species), families 4 8 4 which are absent from Bermuda (Table IV).

Table V. Reef fishes found in Navassa but not reported from Cuba.

Muraenidae Anomalopidae Monopenchelys acuta (Parr, 1930). Redface moray. Kryptophanaron alfredi Silvester & Fowler, 1926. Uropterygius macularius (LeSueur, 1825). Flashlight fish.

Ophidiidae Dactyloscopidae Ophidium holbrooki (Putnam, 1874). Bank cusk-. Gillellus inescatus Williams, 2002 Otophidium dormitator Böhlke & Robins, 1959. Sleeper cusk-eel. Labrisomidae Starksia hassi Klausewitz, 1958. Gobiesocidae Starksia sluiteri (Metzelaar, 1919). Sluiter’s blenny. Tomicodon sp. nov. Williams and Tyler. Starksia n. sp. 1 Williams and Mounts. Starksia n. sp. 2 Williams and Mounts. randalli (Herald, 1965). Ocellated . Chaenopsidae harpeza Williams, 2002 Emblemaria vitta Williams, 2002 carmabi (Randall, 1963). Candy basslet. Pseudogramma gregoryi (Breder, 1927). Reef bass. Coryphopterus thrix Böhlke & Robins, 1960. Bartail goby. Lipogramma anabantoides Böhlke, 1960. Evermannichthys bicolor Thacker, 2001. Dusky basslet.

95 aqua vol. 6 no. 3 - 2003 Shore fishes of Navassa Island, West Indies: a case study on the need for rotenone sampling in reef fish biodiversity studies

Fig. 5. Navassa Island, showing location of field stations (see also Appendix).

Publication of an updated list of the fishes of Cuba by recorded in either visual survey. We did not see or col- Claro et al. (2002) makes it possible to compare the lect several species of grunts, snappers, and basslets fishes of Navassa with those of Cuba. While it would reported by Itzkowitz et al. be better to make comparisons with fishes of Hispan- Our observations show that most medium- to large- iola or Jamaica, the two islands closer to Navassa, up- sized fishes (grunts, groupers, snappers, and parrot- to-date lists of the fishes of these islands are not cur- fishes) and many usually common reef fishes (butter- rently available. The island of Cuba is much larger and flyfishes) were rare or absent on the relatively shallow, much more complex than the island of Navassa, with accessible reef areas at the north-west end of the additional habitats such as freshwater, sand beaches, island. These same shallow reefs yielded large quan- and sea grasses. The list of Claro et al. totals 1,030 tities of small cryptic fishes. However, there were more species but this includes 27 freshwater and 197 deep- medium- and large-sized fishes and relatively smaller water species, leaving about 806 “shore” fishes. Only numbers of small, cryptic species in the deeper, less about 17 of the 237 species reported from Navassa accessible waters at the southern end of the island. have not also been reported from Cuba (Table V); most We believe the differences in fish populations of these are small cryptic species, some of which will between the two ends of the island may be the result probably be found in Cuba when rotenone collections of heavy fishing pressure on large- and medium-sized are made at depths over 10 m. fishes, particularly groupers, grunts, snappers, and Itzkowitz (1991) surveyed deeper Jamaican coral parrotfishes, by Haitian fishermen using hook and line reef fishes with a submersible at 25 m (56 fish and large non-selective traps on the north-west end of species), 50 m (42 spp), and 100 m (24 spp). Most of the island (Fig. 6). Fishing with hand lines and traps by these species were observed by Grace et al. (2201) or Haitian fishermen was also noted by Miller and Gerst- collected on our expedition. None of the cryptic ner (2002) but they felt that the “overall fishing effort species (gobies, blennies, clingfishes, etc.) was was relatively minimal.” The reduction in the number aqua vol. 6 no. 3 - 2003 96 Bruce B. Collette, Jeffrey T. Williams, Christine E. Thacker, and Michael L. Smith

Fig. 6. Haitian fishermen with their trap nets. of large piscivorous fishes at the north-west end may followed by the total number of specimens collected and explain the large numbers of small fishes, which might the size range, usually in mm SL (standard length), benefit from the reduced rate of . The con- sometimes in mm TL (total length, e.g. for Anguilli- verse would apply to the relatively underfished south- formes), mm FL (fork length, e.g. for Scombridae and ern end of the island. Carangidae), or mm BL (body length, e.g. for Belonidae). A zero (0) indicates that the record is not supported by Annotated List of Navassa Shore Fishes voucher specimens. Also listed are museums housing In the annotated list, common names in English and the material: USNM (National Museum of Natural His- Spanish (mostly from Claro et al., 2002) are given. We tory, Washington, 180 species); LACM (Los Angeles follow Smith and Williams (2002) for the use of County Museum of Natural History, 121 lots, 77 species, Enneanectes instead of Gillias, and , as deter- catalogue numbers 54087-54113); MCZ (Museum of mined by C.E. Thacker (pers. comm.). The expedition Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 75 lots, 43 (Table II) and collecting methods used to collect (or species, catalogue numbers 156911-157009); SIO observe) a given species are listed. Methods used dur- (Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, 36 ing previous expeditions (Grace et al., 2001): L - pole species); and BMNH (the Natural History Museum, Lon- and line fishing, LL - longline, T - traps, Tr - trolling, D - don, 25 lots, 23 species, catalogue numbers dredge, N - neuston net, S - snorkel, and V - video. 1999.3.11.1-192). Most Navassa specimens at these Methods used during NIP and NAV expeditions: L - line museums can be located on the web pages for those fishing, Tr - trolling, DN – dip net (mostly at night under institutions, so most catalogue numbers are not listed lights), R - rotenone stations, V - video, P - still photog- here. Freshly-killed specimens of most of the fishes we raphy of live fish in habitat, and Si - sightings while collected were photographed by Williams (indicated by scuba-diving and snorkelling. Where specimens were ‘photo’ with the station number in the list) and many of collected, the station numbers (see Appendix) are listed, these illustrations are included in this paper.

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Family Triakidae, houndsharks Family Moringuidae, spaghetti eels Mustelus canis insularis Heemstra, 1997. smooth dog- Moringua edwardsi (Jordan & Bollman, 1889). fish, boca dulce (Sp). NOAA 98 LL; NAV 2000 L - 0. Spaghetti eel, morenita de arena (Sp). Fig. 8. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 2; sta. 2, 7, 8, 17, 21, 28 (17, 42.7- Family Carcharhinidae, requiem sharks 205 TL), USNM, LACM. Carcharhinus falciformis (Müller & Henle, 1839). Silky , jaquetón (Sp). NAV 99 V - 0. Family Chlopsidae, false morays Carcharhinus leucas (Müller & Henle, 1839). Bull shark, Kaupichthys hyoproroides (Strömman, 1896). False cabeza de batea (Sp). NOAA 98 LL, NAV 99 Si - 0. moray, anguililla de arrecife (Sp). Fig. 9. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 1, 2, 22; sta. 1, 2, 8, 12, 13, 17, 20, 21, 23, Family Sphyrnidae, hammerhead sharks 30 (73, 41.0-137 TL), USNM, LACM, MCZ. Sphyrna lewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834). Scalloped Kaupichthys nuchalis Böhlke, 1967. Collared eel, hammerhead, cornuda (Sp). NOAA 98 LL - 0. anguililla de collar (Sp). Fig. 10. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 8, 12; sta. 2, 7, 8, 12, 14, 16, 20, 21, 23 (16, 43.6- Family Dasyatidae, stingrays 97.6 TL), USNM, LACM. Dasyatis americana Hildebrand & Schroeder, 1928. Southern stingray, raya americana (Sp). NAV 99 Si - 0.

Family Urolophidae, round stingrays Urobatis jamaicensis (Cuvier, 1816). Yellow stingray, tembladera (Sp). Fig. 7. NOAA 98 V; NIP 98 P; NAV 99 V, R, photo sta. 25 (1, 298 mm TL), USNM.

Fig. 9. Kaupichthys hyoproroides, Chlopsidae, False moray (48.3 mm TL) sta. 1.

Fig. 10. Kaupichthys nuchalis, Chlopsidae, Collared eel (97.6 mm TL) sta. 8. Fig. 7. Urobatis jamaicensis, Urolophidae, Yellow stingray (298 mm TL) sta. 25. Family Muraenidae, moray eels Enchelycore carychroa Böhlke & Böhlke, 1976. Chest- nut moray, morena parda (Sp). NAV 99 R, sta. 1, 2, 10, 16, 17, 21, 23 (49, 47.0-278 TL), USNM, SIO. Enchelycore nigricans (Bonnaterre, 1788). Viper moray, morena mulata (Sp). NAV 99 R, sta. 2, 7, 8, 10, 16, 17, 21, 28 (37, 83.9-304 TL), USNM. Gymnothorax funebris Ranzani, 1840. Green moray, morena verde (Sp). NAV 99 R, Si, sta. 2 (1, 870 TL), USNM. Gymnothorax miliaris (Kaup, 1856). Goldentail moray, morena de cola dorada (Sp). Fig. 11. NAV 99 R, Si, photo sta. 1; sta. 1, 2, 7, 10, 16, 21, 23, 28, 30 (44, 46.6-420 TL), USNM, LACM. Fig. 8. Moringua edwardsi, Moringuidae, Spaghetti eel Gymnothorax moringa (Cuvier, 1829). Spotted moray, (60.0 mm TL) sta. 2. morena manchada (Sp). NOAA 77 T; NIP 98 P; NAV aqua vol. 6 no. 3 - 2003 98 Bruce B. Collette, Jeffrey T. Williams, Christine E. Thacker, and Michael L. Smith

Fig. 11. Gymnothorax miliaris, Muraenidae, Goldentail Fig. 14. Ahlia egmontis, , Key worm eel moray (83.8 mm TL) sta. 1. (615 mm TL) sta. 26. Family Congridae, conger eels Ariosoma balearicum (Delaroche, 1809). Bandtooth conger, congrio algino (Sp). Fig. 15. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 27; (2, 79.2-81.0 TL), USNM. Conger triporiceps Kanazawa, 1958. Manytooth con- ger, congrio dentudo (Sp). NAV 99 R, sta. 16 (1, 65.0 TL), USNM.

Fig. 12. Monopenchelys acuta, Muraenidae, Redface moray (120 mm TL) sta. 17.

99 R, sta. 1, 10, 17, 20, 21 (8, 55.6-430 TL), USNM, LACM. Gymnothorax vicinus (Castelnau, 1855). Purplemouth moray, orena de boca púrpura (Sp). NAV 99 R, sta. 28 (1, 80.0 TL), USNM. Monopenchelys acuta (Parr, 1930). Redface moray. Fig. 12. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 17, 21; sta. 17, 20, 21 (8, 40.6-120 TL), USNM. Uropterygius macularius (LeSueur, 1825). NAV 99 R, sta. 21 (3, 49-175 TL), USNM.

Family Ophichthidae, snake eels Ahlia egmontis (Jordan, 1884). Key worm eel, safío de llave (Sp). Figs. 13-14. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 1, 26; sta. 1, 7, 10, 16, 21, 26, 28 (19, 91.3-640 TL), USNM, LACM, MCZ.

Fig. 15. Ariosoma balearicum, Congridae, Bandtooth conger (79.2 mm TL) sta. 27.

Family Synodontidae, lizardfishes Synodus synodus (Linnaeus, 1758). Red lizardfish, lagarto rojizo (Sp). Fig. 16. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 12; Fig. 13. Ahlia egmontis, Ophichthidae, Key worm eel sta. 2, 12, 20, 25, 27-30 (21, 30.1-73.2), USNM, (129 mm TL) sta. 1. LACM, SIO.

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Fig. 16. Synodus synodus, Synodontidae, Red lizardfish Fig. 19. Otophidium dormitator, Ophidiidae, Sleeper (67.1 mm SL) sta. 12. cusk-eel (54.7 mm SL) sta. 27.

Family Myctophidae, lanternfishes Family Bythitidae, viviparous brotulas Ceratoscopelus warmingii (Lütken, 1892). Warming’s Calamopteryx goslinei Böhlke & Cohen, 1966. Lon- lanternfish, pez linterna mayor (Sp). NAV 99 DN, sta. garm brotula. Fig. 20. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 13 (1, 26 (1, 50.0), USNM. 38.5), USNM. Diaphus dumerilii (Bleeker, 1856). NAV 99 DN, sta. 26 Ogilbia cayorum Evermann & Kendall, 1898. Key bro- (52, 40-75), USNM, MCZ. tula, brótula rojiza (Sp). Fig. 21. NAV 99 R, photo sta. Diaphus garmani Gilbert, 1906. Fig. 17. NAV 99 DN, 10; sta. 7, 10 (2, 47.2-52.5), USNM. photo sta. 11; sta. 11, 26 (58, 29-54), USNM, MCZ. Myctophum nitidulum Garman, 1899. NAV 99 DN, sta. 11 (1, 23.0), USNM. Myctophum obtusirostre Tåning, 1928. Fig. 18. NAV 99 DN, photo sta. 26 (8, 21.0-78.1), USNM.

Fig. 20. Calamopteryx goslinei, Bythitidae, Longarm brotula (38.5 mm SL) sta. 13.

Fig. 17. Diaphus garmani, Myctophidae, (35.5 mm SL) sta. 11.

Fig. 21. Ogilbia cayorum, Bythitidae, Key brotula (52.5 mm SL) sta. 10.

Fig. 18. Myctophum obtusirostre, Myctophidae, Family Antennariidae, (78.1 mm SL) sta. 26. multiocellatus (Valenciennes, 1837). Longlure . NOAA 77 D - 0. Family Ophidiidae, cusk-eels Antennarius pauciradiatus Schultz, 1957. Dwarf frog- Ophidium holbrookii (Putnam, 1874). Bank cusk-eel. fish. Figs. 22-23. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 10, 12, 21; NAV 99 R, sta. 27 (5, 45.5-52.5), USNM. sta. 1, 10, 12, 17, 21, 28, 30 (13, 3.5-21.3), USNM, Otophidium dormitator Böhlke & Robins, 1959. LACM, MCZ. Sleeper cusk-eel. Fig. 19. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 27 Histrio histrio (Linnaeus, 1758). Sargassumfish, pez (1, 54.7), USNM. sargazo (Sp). BCF 65 N - 0. aqua vol. 6 no. 3 - 2003 100 Bruce B. Collette, Jeffrey T. Williams, Christine E. Thacker, and Michael L. Smith

Fig. 22. Antennarius pauciradiatus, Antennariidae, Dwarf Fig. 25. Acyrtus artius, Gobiesocidae, Papillate clingfish, frogfish (21.3 mm SL) sta. 21. dorsal view (20.8 mm SL) sta. 2.

Fig. 23. Antennarius pauciradiatus, Antennariidae, Dwarf Fig. 26. Acyrtus rubiginosus, Gobiesocidae, Red cling- frogfish (15 mm SL) sta. 21. fish, dorsal view (23.6 mm SL) sta. 5.

Family Gobiesocidae, clingfishes Acyrtops beryllinus (Hildebrand & Ginsburg, 1926). Emerald clingfish, pequita esmerilada (Sp). Fig. 24. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 10 (4, 10.6-12.2), USNM. Acyrtus artius Briggs, 1955. Papillate clingfish, pequita gusarapo (Sp). Fig. 25. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 2; sta. 1, 2, 7, 10, 16, 17, 21, 30 (85, 5.9-24.6), USNM, SIO, MCZ. Acyrtus rubiginosus (Poey, 1868). Red clingfish, pequita roja (Sp). Fig. 26. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 5; sta. 1, 5, 14, 15 (30, 6.0-23.6), USNM, LACM. Gobiesox lucayanus Briggs, 1963. Bahama skilletfish. Fig. 27. Tomicodon reitzae Briggs, Gobiesocidae, lateral view (31.1 mm SL) sta. 5. NAV 99 R, sta. 1 (2, 6.8-7.2), USNM.

Fig. 24. Acyrtops beryllinus, Gobiesocidae, Emerald Fig. 28. Tomicodon n. sp., Gobiesocidae, dorsal view clingfish, dorsal view (11.2 mm SL) sta. 10. (14.2 mm SL) sta. 5.

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Tomicodon reitzae Briggs, 2001. Fig. 27. MCZ 32171 (2, 22.3-28.8); NAV 99 R, photo sta. 5; sta. 5, 15, 17, 19 (6, 9.9-32.0), USNM. Tomicodon sp. nov. Williams and Tyler. Fig. 28. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 1, 5; sta. 1, 5, 7, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20 (52, 9.3-14.7), USNM.

Family Mugilidae, mullets Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836. Silver mullet. NAV 99 DN; sta. 26 (1, 25.0), USNM.

Family Atherinopsidae, silversides Fig. 31. Tylosurus crocodilus crocodilus, Belonidae, Melanorhinus microps (Poey, 1860). Querimana sil- Houndfish (131 mm BL) sta. 11. verside. Fig. 29. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 15, 21; sta. 15, 17, 19, 21 (237, 13.2-73), USNM, LACM, SIO, MCZ, Family Exocoetidae, flyingfishes BMNH. Cheilopogon furcatus (Mitchill, 1815). Spotfin flying- fish, volador manchado (Sp). Fig. 33. NAV 99 DN, photo sta. 22 (1, 32.7), USNM. Cheilopogon melanurus (Valenciennes, 1847). Atlantic flyingfish, volador atlantico (Sp). Fig. 32. BCF 65 N (1, 29.0), USNM 368579. NAV 99 DN, photo sta. 6 (4, 152-203), USNM. Oxyporhamphus micropterus similis Bruun, 1935. Smallwing flyingfish, escribano volador. NAV 99 DN, sta. 26 (1, 30.3), USNM. Parexocoetus brachypterus (Richardson, 1846). Sail- fin flyingfish, volador aletón (Sp). NAV 99 DN, sta. 11 Fig. 29. Melanorhinus microps, Atherinopsidae, (1, 102). Querimana silverside (59.5 mm SL) sta. 21. Prognichthys occidentalis Parin, 1999. Bluntnose fly- ingfish, volador ñato (Sp). BCF 65 N (1, 33.7), USNM 368580. Family Belonidae, needlefishes Platybelone argalus argalus (LeSueur, 1821). Keeltail needlefish, agujón aquillado (Sp). Fig. 30. BCF 65 DN; NAV 99 DN, R, photo sta. 11; sta. 3, 11, 17, 26 (25, 149-195 BL), USNM, LACM. Tylosurus acus acus (Lacepède, 1803). Agujon, agujón (Sp). NAV 99 DN, sta. 26 (1, 476 BL), USNM. Tylosurus crocodilus crocodilus (Perón & LeSueur, 1821). Houndfish, agujón crocodilo. Fig. 31. NAV 99 DN, photo sta. 11; sta. 26 (4, 102-240 BL), USNM.

Fig. 32. Cheilopogon melanurus, Exocoetidae, Atlantic flyingfish (193 mm SL) sta. 26.

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Fig. 30. Platybelone argalus argalus, Belonidae, Keeltail Fig. 33. Cheilopogon furcatus, Exocoetidae, Spotfin needlefish (168 mm BL) sta. 11. flyingfish (32.7 mm SL) sta. 22. aqua vol. 6 no. 3 - 2003 102 Bruce B. Collette, Jeffrey T. Williams, Christine E. Thacker, and Michael L. Smith

Family Hemiramphidae, halfbeaks Euleptorhamphus velox Poey, 1868. Flying halfbeak, escribano volador (Sp). BCF 65 N, (1, 205), USNM 342056. Hemiramphus balao LeSueur, 1821. Balao, escribano balao (Sp). Fig. 34. BCF 65 N, USNM 368581 (2, 20.9-30.8). NAV 99 DN, photo sta. 11; sta. 11, 22, 26 (7, 51.1-172), USNM.

Fig. 37. Plectrypops retrospinis, , Cardinal soldierfish (70.0 mm SL) sta. 2.

Fig. 34. Hemiramphus balao, Hemiramphidae, Balao (172 mm SL) sta. 11.

Family Holocentridae, squirrelfishes Holocentrus adscensionis (Osbeck, 1765). Squir- relfish, carajuelo de ascensión (Sp). Fig. 35. NOAA

Fig. 38. coruscum, Holocentridae, Red squirrelfish (38.4 mm SL) sta. 11.

Fig. 35. Holocentrus adscensionis, Holocentridae, Squirrelfish (164 mm SL) sta. 28.

Fig. 39. Sargocentron vexillarium, Holocentridae, Dusky squirrelfish (92.2 mm SL) asta. 1.

77 T; NAV 99 Si, R, photo sta. 20, 28; sta. 7, 20, 26, 28, 30 (39, 41.1-164), USNM. Holocentrus rufus (Walbaum, 1792). Longspine squir- relfish, carajuelo rufo (Sp). NOAA 77 T; NIP 98 P; NAV 99, Si, DN, V, R; sta. 1, 2, 10, 25 (7, 172-214), USNM, LACM. Fig. 36. Myripristis jacobus, Holocentridae, Blackbar Myripristis jacobus Cuvier, 1829. Blackbar soldierfish, soldierfish (65.1 mm SL) sta. 1. candil barreado (Sp). Fig. 36. NAV 99 Si, V, R, photo

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sta. 1; sta. 1, 2, 8, 16, 17, 21, 28 (24, 57.0-147), USNM, LACM, SIO, MCZ. Neoniphon marianus (Cuvier, 1829). Longjaw squir- relfish, carajuelo mariano (Sp). NOAA 77 T; NAV 99 Si, R; sta. 2, 8, 9, 12, 16, 20, 23, 25 (99, 39.5-130), USNM, LACM, SIO, MCZ, BMNH. Plectrypops retrospinis (Guichenot, 1853). Cardinal soldierfish, candil cardenal (Sp). Fig. 37. NAV 99 R, Fig. 41. Bryx randalli, Syngnathidae, Ocellated pipefish photo sta. 2; sta. 1, 2, 8, 9, 12, 16, 17, 20, 21, 23, 25- (57.2 mm SL) sta. 17. 30 (62, 13.6-82.1), USNM, LACM, BMNH. Sargocentron coruscum (Poey, 1860). Reef squir- relfish, carajuelo de arrecife (Sp). Fig. 38. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 11; sta. 1, 5, 15, 29, 30 (14, 34.6-44.2), USNM, LACM. Sargocentron vexillarium (Poey, 1860). Dusky squir- relfish, carajuelo oscuro (Sp). Fig. 39. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 1; sta. 1, 5, 7, 14, 15, 17, 19, 21 (17, 31.5- 92.2), USNM, LACM, BMNH.

Family Syngnathidae, Bryx dunckeri (Metzelaar, 1919). Pugnose pipefish, trompetero nariz-corto (Sp). Fig. 40. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 10, 23; sta. 10, 23, 28 (3, 40.1-49.7), USNM. Bryx randalli (Herald, 1965). Ocellated pipefish. Fig. 41. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 17; sta. 17, 25 (3, 50.0- 61.5), USNM. Hippocampus reidi Ginsburg, 1933. Longsnout sea- horse, caballito narizon (Sp). Fig. 42. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 27 (1, 75.0 TL), USNM. Micrognathus crinitus (Jenys, 1842). Banded pipefish, trompetero bandeado (Sp). Fig. 43. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 17, 21; sta. 2, 17, 21 (3, 33.0-56.8), USNM.

Fig. 42. Hippocampus reidi, Syngnathidae, Longsnout (75.0 mm TL) sta. 27.

Fig. 40. Bryx dunckeri, Syngnathidae, Pugnose pipefish Fig. 43. Micrognathus crinitus, Syngnathidae, Banded (49.7 mm SL) sta. 23. pipefish (43.9 mm SL) sta. 17. aqua vol. 6 no. 3 - 2003 104 Bruce B. Collette, Jeffrey T. Williams, Christine E. Thacker, and Michael L. Smith

Family Aulostomidae, trumpetfishes Valenciennes, 1837. Trumpet- fish, trompa (Sp). Fig. 44. NOAA 98 V; NAV 99 Si, R, photo sta. 1; sta. 1, 7, 8, 12, 13, 16, 21, 23, 25 (15, 97.8-415), USNM, LACM, SIO, MCZ.

Family Dactylopteridae, helmet gurnards Dactylopterus volitans (Linnaeus, 1758). Flying gurnard, pez muciélago (Sp). Fig. 45. NAV 99 DN, photo sta. 34 (1, 48.8), USNM.

Fig. 47. Scorpaenodes caribbaeus, Scorpaenidae, Reef scorpionfish (44.9 mm SL) sta. 1.

Family Serranidae, sea basses Cephalopholis cruentata (Lacepède, 1802). Graysby, enjambre (Sp). Fig. 48. NOAA 98 V; NAV 99 Si, V, R, Fig. 44. Aulostomus maculatus, Aulostomidae, Trumpet- photo sta. 2, 8, 12; sta. 2, 8-10, 12, 13, 16, 17, 20, fish (128 mm SL) sta. 1. 21, 23, 25, 29 (56, 44.9-189), USNM, LACM, SIO, MCZ. Cephalopholis fulva (Linnaeus, 1758). Coney, guatí- vere (Sp). Figs. 49-50. NOAA 77 L; NOAA 98 V; NAV 99 Si, V, R, photo sta. 2, 13; sta. 1, 2, 4, 7, 13, 16, 17, 21, 23, 24, 28-30 (25, 28-213), USNM, LACM, SIO, MCZ.

Fig. 45. Dactylopterus volitans, Dactylopteridae, Flying gurnard (48.8 mm SL) sta. 34.

Family Scorpaenidae, scorpionfishes Scorpaena albifimbria Evermann & Marsh, 1900. Coral scorpionfish, rascacio coralino (Sp). Fig. 46. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 25; sta. 16, 20, 21, 25, 27, 30 (28, 8.6-42.2), USNM. Scorpaenodes caribbaeus Meek & Hildebrand, 1928. Reef scorpionfish. Fig. 47. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 1; Fig. 48. Cephalopholis cruentata, Serranidae, Graysby sta. 1, 10, 29 (4, 9.5-57.9), USNM. (104 mm SL) sta. 12a.

Fig. 46. Scorpaena albifimbria, Scorpaenidae, Coral Fig. 49. Cephalopholis fulva, Serranidae, Coney scorpionfish (42.2 mm SL) sta. 25. (59.1 mm SL) sta. 2.

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Fig. 50. Cephalopholis fulva, Serranidae, Coney Fig. 51. Hypoplectrus puella, Serranidae, Barred hamlet (35.5 mm SL) sta. 13. (79.0 mm SL) sta. 8.

Fig. 52. Liopropoma carmabi, Serranidae, Candy basslet Fig. 53. Liopropoma rubre, Serranidae, Peppermint bass (79.0 mm SL) sta. 23. (52.4 mm SL) sta. 8.

Fig. 54. Pseudogramma gregoryi, Serranidae, Reef bass Fig. 55. Rypticus saponaceus, Serranidae, Greater (23.0 mm SL) asta. 13. soapfish (30.0 mm SL) sta. 7.

Fig. 56. Rypticus subbifrenatus, Serranidae, Spotted Fig. 57. Serranus baldwini, Serranidae, Lantern bass soapfish (65.1 mm SL) sta. 2. (51.1 mm SL) sta. 13. aqua vol. 6 no. 3 - 2003 106 Bruce B. Collette, Jeffrey T. Williams, Christine E. Thacker, and Michael L. Smith

Rypticus saponaceus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Greater soapfish, jaboncillo máximo (Sp). Fig. 55. NOAA 98 V; NAV 99 Si, V, R, photo sta. 2, 7; sta. 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 16, 17, 21, 28 (46, 14.2-224), USNM, LACM, MCZ. Rypticus subbifrenatus Gill, 1861. Spotted soapfish, jaboncillo punteado (Sp). Fig. 56. NAV 99 Si, R, photo sta. 2; sta. 1, 2, 7, 10, 17, 21, 25 (10, 32.3- 100), USNM, LACM. Schultzea beta (Hildebrand, 1940). School bass, ser- rano sin dientes (Sp). NAV 99 R, photo sta. 21 (1, 12.6), USNM. Fig. 58. Serranus tigrinus, Serranidae, Harlequin bass Serranus baldwini (Evermann & Marsh, 1899). Lantern (74.9 mm SL) sta. 2. bass, serrano linerna (Sp). Fig. 57. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 13; sta. 13, 27 (9, 21.4-52.3), USNM, LACM. Serranus tabacarius (Cuvier, 1829). Tobaccofish, jácome (Sp). NAV 99 Si, V - 0. Serranus tigrinus (Bloch, 1790). Harlequin bass, serrano tigre (Sp). Fig. 58. NOAA 98 V; NAV 99 Si, R, photo sta. 2; sta. 2, 21 (4, 40.0-74.9), USNM, LACM. Serranus tortugarum Longley, 1935. Chalk bass, ser- rano tortuga (Sp). Fig. 59. NAV 99 Si, R, photo sta. 27; sta. 27, 29 (2, 29.5-34.8), USNM.

Family Grammatidae, basslets Gramma loreto Poey, 1868. Fairy basslet, loreto (Sp). Fig. 60. NIP 98 P; NAV 99 Si, V, R, photo Fig. 59. Serranus tortugarum, Serranidae, Chalk bass sta. 2, 8; sta. 2, 8-10, 12, 16, 17, 20, 21, 23, 25, (74.9 mm SL) sta. 27. 28 (372, 10.2-58.1), USNM, LACM, SIO, MCZ, BMNH. Lipogramma anabantoides Böhlke, 1960. Dusky bass - Epinephelus guttatus (Linnaeus, 1758). Red hind, let. Fig. 61. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 9 (1, 14.2), USNM. cabrilla (Sp). NOAA 77 L; NOAA 98 V - 0. Epinephelus itajara (Lichtenstein, 1822). Jewfish, guasa (Sp). NAV 99 Si - 0. Epinephelus mystacinus (Poey, 1852). Misty , cherno de lo alto (Sp). NOAA 98 L - 0. Epinephelus striatus (Bloch, 1792). Nassau grouper, cherna criolla (Sp). NAV 99 Si, V; NAV 2000 L - 0. Hypoplectrus guttavarius (Poey, 1852). Shy hamlet, vaca bicolor (Sp). NAV 99 Si - 0. Hypoplectrus puella (Cuvier, 1828). Barred hamlet, vaca barreada (Sp). Fig. 51. NOAA 98 V; NAV 99 V, Si, R, photo sta. 8 (1, 79.0), USNM. Liopropoma carmabi (Randall, 1963). Candy basslet. Fig. 60. Gramma loreto, Grammatidae, Fairy basslet Fig. 52. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 23 (1, 20.6), USNM. (31.9 mm SL) sta. 2. Liopropoma rubre Poey, 1861. Peppermint bass, guardia suizo (Sp). Fig. 53. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 8; sta. 8, 9, 17 (5, 44.8-52.4), USNM. Mycteroperca acutirostris (Valenciennes, 1828). Comb grouper, bonací rojo (Sp). NOAA 77 D - 0. Mycteroperca tigris (Valenciennes, 1833). Tiger grouper, bonací gato (Sp). NOAA 77 S - 0. Paranthias furcifer (Valenciennes, 1828). Creole-fish, rabirrubia de lo alto (Sp). NOAA 77 L, NOAA 98 V, NAV 99 Si - 0. Pseudogramma gregoryi (Breder, 1927). Reef bass. Fig. 54. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 13; sta. 13, 21, 25, 27 Fig. 61. Lipogramma anabantoides, Grammatidae, (4, 14.8-33.3), USNM, LACM. Dusky basslet (14.2 mm SL) asta. 9.

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Family Priacanthidae, bigeyes Heteropriacanthus cruentatus (Lacepède, 1801). Glasseye snapper, catalufa espinosa (Sp). Fig. 62. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 12; sta. 5, 12, 19-22 (7, 45.6- 72.1), USNM, LACM.

Fig. 64. Apogon phenax, , Mimic cardinalfish (46.5 mm SL) sta. 8.

Fig. 62. Heteropriacanthus cruentatus, Priacanthidae, glasseye snapper (46.6 mm SL) sta. 12.

Family Anomalopidae, flashlight fishes Kryptophanaron alfredi Silvester & Fowler, 1926. Fig. 65. Apogon quadrisquamatus, Apogonidae, Saw- Flashlight fish. NAV 99 V - 0. cheek (28.8 mm SL) sta. 27.

Family Apogonidae, cardinalfishes Apogon lachneri Böhlke, 1959. Whitestar cardinalfish. NAV 99 Si, R; sta. 8-10, 17, 21 (14, 12.1-33.1), USNM. Apogon maculatus (Poey, 1860). Flamefish, cardenal manchado (Sp). Fig. 63. NAV 99 Si, V, R, photo sta. 1; sta. 1, 7, 10, 16, 17, 20, 23, 25, 28, 30 (78, 6.0- 57.5), USNM, LACM, SIO, MCZ. Apogon phenax Böhlke & Randall, 1968. Mimic car- dinalfish, cardenal mimético (Sp). Fig. 64. NAV 99 R; photo sta. 8 (2, 17.3-46.5), USNM. Apogon planifrons Longley & Hildebrand, 1940. Pale cardinalfish, cardenal pálido (Sp). NAV 99 R; sta. 2, Fig. 66. Apogon townsendi, Apogonidae, Balted cardi- 9 (8, 10.9-26.5), USNM. nalfish (20.0 mm SL) sta. 16.

Fig. 63. Apogon maculatus, Apogonidae, Flamefish Fig. 67. Astrapogon puncticulatus, Apogonidae, Blackfin (46.6 mm SL) sta. 1. cardinalfish (32.2 mm SL) sta. 10. aqua vol. 6 no. 3 - 2003 108 Bruce B. Collette, Jeffrey T. Williams, Christine E. Thacker, and Michael L. Smith

Family Coryphaenidae, dolphinfishes Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758. Dolphinfish, dorado (Sp). Fig. 70. BCF 65 Tr (1, 1190 FL, skele- ton), USNM 343313; NAV 99 Tr, photo sta. 18 (1, 930 FL), USNM.

Fig. 68. Phaeoptyx pigmentaria, Apogonidae, Dusky car- dinalfish (28.9 mm SL) sta. 25.

Apogon quadrisquamatus Longley, 1934. Sawcheek Fig. 70. Coryphaena hippurus, Coryphaenidae, Dolphin- cardinalfish, cardenal espinosa (Sp). Fig. 65. NAV 99 fish (930 mm FL) sta. 18. R, photo sta. 27; sta. 25, 27, 29, 30 (10, 15.3-28.8), USNM, LACM. Family Echeneidae, remoras Apogon townsendi (Breder, 1927). Belted cardinalfish, Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, 1758. Sharksucker, cardenal con cinto (Sp). Fig. 66. NAV 99 Si, V, R, photo guaicán (Sp.). NAV 99 V - 0. sta. 16; sta. 16, 20, 23 (7, 12.0-20.0), USNM, LACM. Echeneis neucratoides Zuiew, 1786. Whitefin sucker. Astrapogon puncticulatus (Poey, 1867). Blackfin cardi- NAV 99 L. nalfish, cardenal punteado (Sp). Fig. 67. NAV 99 R, Phtheirichthys lineatus (Menzies, 1791). Slender photo sta. 10 (1, 32.2), USNM. suckerfish, pez pega lineado (Sp). NAV 99 DN, sta. Astrapogon stellatus (Cope, 1867). Conchfish, carde- 26 (1, 76.5), USNM. nal del cobo (Sp). NAV 99 R; sta. 7, 21 (4, 11.3- 31.9), USNM. Family Carangidae, jacks Phaeoptyx conklini (Silvester, 1915). Freckled cardi- Caranx bartholomaei Cuvier, 1833. Yellow jack, cibí nalfish, cardenal pecosa (Sp). NAV 99 R; sta. 1, 2, 21 amarillo (Sp). NOAA 98 V; NAV 99 Si - 0. (11, 12.5-20.6), USNM, LACM. Caranx latus Agassiz, 1831. Horse-eye jack, gallego, Phaeoptyx pigmentaria (Poey, 1860). Dusky cardinal- jurel (Sp). Fig. 71. NOAA 77 L, S; NAV 99 Si, L, photo fish, cardenal pegmentado (Sp). Fig. 68. NAV 99 R, sta. 18. photo sta. 25; sta. 1, 7, 9, 16, 17, 19, 20, 23, 25, 28 Caranx lugubris Poey, 1860. Black jack, tiñosa (25, 10.0-32.0), USNM, LACM, MCZ. (Sp). Fig. 72. NOAA 77 L, S; NIP 98 P; NAV 99 R, Si, Phaeoptyx xenus (Böhlke & Randall, 1968). V, photo sta. 18 (1, 325 FL), USNM; NAV 2000 L. cardinalfish, cardenal violáeo (Sp). NAV 99 R, sta. 8, Caranx ruber (Bloch, 1793). Bar jack, cibí carbonero 17 (2, 35.4-36.5), USNM. (Sp). Fig. 73. NOAA 77 T, S; NOAA 98 V; NAV 99 Si, L, V, photo sta. 11; sta. 6, 18, 26 (3, 64.0-335 FL), Family Malacanthidae, tilefishes USNM. Malacanthus plumieri (Bloch, 1786). Sand tilefish, Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier, 1833). Mackerel matejuelo blanco (Sp). Fig. 69. NOAA 77 L; NOAA 98 scad, antonino caballita (Sp). Fig. 74. NAV 99 L, Si, V; NAV 99 L, R, Si, photo sta. 7; sta. 6, 7 (4, 55.5-280 V, photo sta. 5; sta. 6, 21, 26 (9, 109-254 FL), USNM, FL), USNM. LACM.

Fig. 69. Malacanthus plumieri, Malacanthidae, Sand tile- Fig. 71. Caranx latus, Carangidae, Horse-eye jack fish (62.3 mm SL) sta. 7. (400 mm FL) sta. 18.

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Fig. 72. Caranx lugubris, Carangidae, Black jack Fig. 76. Seriola rivoliana, Carangidae, Almaco jack (325 mm FL) sta. 18. (550 mm FL) sta. 6. Elagatis bipinnulata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825). Rainbow runner, salmón cubano (Sp). Fig. 75. NOAA 77 L; S; NAV 99 L, photo sta. 24 (1, 500 FL), USNM. Seriola rivoliana Valenciennes, 1833. Almaco jack, coronado (Sp). Fig. 76. NAV 99 L, photo sta. 6 (1, 550 FL), USNM.

Family Lutjanidae, snappers Lutjanus apodus (Walbaum, 1792). Schoolmaster, cají (Sp). NOAA 77, S; NAV 99 Si, V - 0. Lutjanus jocu (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Dog snap- per, jocú (Sp). NOAA 77 S; NOAA 98 V; NAV 99 Si, Fig. 73. Caranx ruber, Carangidae, Bar jack (64 mm FL) V - 0. sta. 11. Lutjanus vivanus (Cuvier, 1828). Silk snapper, pargo del alto (Sp). NOAA 98 LL - 0. Ocyurus chrysurus (Bloch, 1791). Yellowtail snapper, rabirrubia (Sp). NOAA 77 S; NAV 99 Si, L, sta. 31 (1, 395 FL), USNM.

Family Lobotidae, tripletails Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch, 1790). Tripletail, biajaca de mar (Sp). NAV 99 Si - 0.

Family Haemulidae, grunts Haemulon album Cuvier, 1830. Margate, jallao (Sp). NOAA 77 L; NAV 99 Si, L, sta. 31 (1, 540 FL), Fig. 74. Decapterus macarellus , Carangidae, Mackerel USNM. scad (220 mm FL) sta. 5. Haemulon flavolineatum (Desmarest, 1823). French grunt, ronco condendao (Sp). NAV 99 Si - 0. Haemulon sciurus (Shaw, 1803). Bluestriped grunt, ronco amarillo (Sp). NAV 99 Si - 0.

Family Sciaenidae, drums Equetus lanceolatus (Linnaeus, 1758). Jackknife fish, vaqueta de cinta (Sp). NAV 99 R, sta. 12 (1, 19.2), USNM. Equetus punctatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Spotted drum, vaqueta punteada (Sp). Figs. 77-78. NAV 99 R, Si, V, photo sta. 23; sta. 1, 23, 28 (5, 20.0-192), USNM. Pareques acuminatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). High-hat, vaqueta rayada (Sp). Fig. 79. NAV 99 R, V, Fig. 75. Elagatis bipinnulata, Carangidae, Rainbow run- photo sta. 1 (1, 42.6), USNM. ner (500 mm FL) sta. 24. Family Mullidae, aqua vol. 6 no. 3 - 2003 110 Bruce B. Collette, Jeffrey T. Williams, Christine E. Thacker, and Michael L. Smith

Mulloidichthys martinicus (Cuvier, 1829). Yellow goat- fish, salmonete amarillo (Sp). NAV 99 R, Si, V; sta. 1, 11 (2, 47.2-216), USNM. Pseudupeneus maculatus (Bloch, 1793). Spotted , salmonete colorado (Sp). Fig. 80. NOAA 77 T; NOAA 98 V; NAV 99 R, Si, photo sta. 8; sta. 8, 26 (9, 41.9-83.1), USNM, LACM.

Fig. 77. Equetus punctatus, Sciaenidae, Spotted drum (192 mm SL) sta. 23.

Fig. 80. Pseudupeneus maculatus, Mullidae, Spotted goatfish (83.1 mm SL) sta. 8. Family Ephippidae, spadefishes Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet, 1782). Atlantic spadefish, paguala. NAV 99 Si - 0.

Family Chaetodontidae, butterflyfishes Chaetodon capistratus Linnaeus, 1758. Foureye but- terflyfish, parche ocelado (Sp). NAV 99 Si, V - 0. Chaetodon sedentarius Poey, 1860. Reef butterflyfish, parche mariposa (Sp). NOAA 98 V - 0. Chaetodon striatus Linnaeus, 1758. Banded butterfly- fish, parche rayado (Sp). NAV 99 Si - 0. Prognathodes aculeatus (Poey, 1860). Longsnout but- terflyfish, parche narizón (Sp). Fig. 81. NOAA 77 D; NOAA 98 V; NAV 99 R, Si, photo sta. 8; sta. 8, 9, 20, 25, 30 (10, 24.5-59.8), USNM, LACM. Fig. 78. Equetus punctatus, Sciaenidae, Spotted drum Family , angelfishes juvenile (20.0 mm SL) sta. 23.

Fig. 79. Pareques acuminatus, Sciaenidae, High-hat Fig. 81. Prognathodes aculeatus, Chaetodontidae, (42.6 mm SL) sta. 1. Longsnout butterflyfish (51.1 mm SL) sta. 8.

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Centropyge argi Woods & Kanazawa, 1951. Cherub- angelfish, isabelita reina (Sp). NAV 99 Si, V - 0. fish, angelote pigmeo (Sp). Fig. 82. NAV 99 R, photo Holacanthus tricolor (Bloch, 1795). Rock beauty, sta. 13 (19, 18.0-44.0), USNM, LACM. vaqueta de dos colores (Sp). Figs. 83-84. NOAA 98 V; Holacanthus ciliaris (Linnaeus, 1758). Queen NAV 99 R, Si, V, photo sta. 1, 2; sta. 1, 2, 17, 20, 21, 23, 28, 30 (27, 16.2-107), USNM, LACM, SIO, MCZ. Pomacanthus arcuatus (Linnaeus, 1758). Gray angel - fish, chivirica gris (Sp). NOAA 98 V; NAV 99 Si, V - 0. Pomacanthus paru (Bloch, 1787). French angelfish, chivirica francesa (Sp). NIP 98 P; NAV 99 V - 0.

Family Pempheridae, sweepers Pempheris schomburgkii Müller & Troschel, 1848. Glassy sweeper, pemferis bandeado (Sp). NAV 99 Si, V - 0.

Family Kyphosidae, sea chubs, chopas (Sp) Kyphosus sectatrix (Linnaeus, 1766). Bermuda chub, chopa blanca (Sp). Fig. 85. NAV 99 R, Si, V, photo sta. 15 (1, 70.5), USNM. Probably includes previous Fig. 82. argi, Pomacanthidae, Cherubfish records as Kyphosus sp. BCF 65 N; NOAA 77 S; (42.3 mm SL) sta. 13. NOAA 98 V; NAV 98 P.

Fig. 85. Kyphosus sectatrix, Kyphosidae, Bermuda chub (70.5 mm SL) sta. 15. Fig. 83. Holacanthus tricolor, Pomacanthidae, Rock Family Cirrhitidae, hawkfishes beauty (42.2 mm SL) sta. 2. Amblycirrhitus pinos (Mowbray, 1927). Redspotted hawkfish, rayadito (Sp). Fig. 86. NAV 99 R, Si, V, photo sta. 1; sta. 1, 7-10, 16, 20, 21, 25, 28-30 (18, 22.7-52.0), USNM, LACM, SIO, MCZ, BMNH. Family , jawfishes

Fig. 84. Holacanthus tricolor, Pomacanthidae, Rock Fig. 86. Amblycirrhitus pinos, Cirrhitidae, Red-spotted beauty, juvenile (18.8 mm SL) sta. 1. hawkfish (49.9 mm SL) sta. 1. aqua vol. 6 no. 3 - 2003 112 Bruce B. Collette, Jeffrey T. Williams, Christine E. Thacker, and Michael L. Smith

Opistognathus aurifrons (Jordan & Thompson, 1905). Yellowhead jawfish, guardian cabeziamarillo (Sp). Fig. 87. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 13, 20; sta. 8, 20, 25, 27, 29, 30 (28, 13.8-63.7), USNM, LACM. whitehursti (Longley, 1927). Dusky jawfish, guardian escamudo (Sp). Fig. 88. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 13, 27; sta. 13, 27, 29 (5, 14.1-47.2), USNM.

Fig. 90. Chromis multilineata, Pomacentridae, Brown chromis (86.2 mm SL) sta. 2.

Fig. 87. Opistognathus aurifrons, Opistognathidae, Yellowhead jawfish (56.2 mm SL) sta. 20.

Fig. 91. Microspathodon chrysurus, Pomacentridae, Yellowtail damselfish (28.4 mm SL) sta. 5.

Fig. 88. Opistognathus whitehursti, Opistognathidae, Dusky jawfish (47.2 mm SL) sta. 13. Family Pomacentridae, damselfishes Abudefduf saxatilis (Linnaeus, 1758). Sergeant major, píntano (Sp). NAV 99 R, Si, V; sta. 14 (6, 14.3-21.5), USNM. Chromis cyanea (Poey, 1860). Blue chromis, cromis azul (Sp). Fig. 89. NOAA 98 V; NAV 99 R, Si, V, photo sta. 12; sta. 2, 8, 9, 12, 16, 17, 20, 21, 23, 25, 28 (283, 12.8-69.4), USNM, LACM, SIO, MCZ. Fig. 92. , Pomacentridae, Dusky Chromis insolata (Cuvier, 1830). Sunshinefish, cromis damselfish (25.1 mm SL) sta. 19.

Fig. 89. Chromis cyanea, Pomacentridae, Blue chromis Fig. 93. Stegastes adustus, Pomacentridae, Dusky (62.2 mm SL) sta. 12. damselfish (55.1 mm SL) sta. 1.

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Fig. 94. Stegastes diencaeus, Pomacentridae, Longfish Fig. 95. Stegastes partitus, Pomacentridae, Bicolour damselfish (45.7 mm SL) sta. 1. damselfish (49.9 mm SL) sta. 2.

Fig. 96. Stegastes partitus, Pomacentridae, Bicolour Fig. 97. Stegastes planifrons, Pomacentridae, Three- damselfish, dark-tail morph (48.3 mm SL) sta. 13. spot damselfish (71.9 mm SL) sta. 8.

sol (Sp). NAV 99 R, sta. 8 (1, 17.7), USNM. selfish, chopita amarilla (Sp). Fig. 97. NOAA 98 T; NAV Chromis multilineata (Guichenot, 1853). Brown chromis, 99 R, photo sta. 8; sta. 8, 25 (2, 71.9-73.0), USNM. cromis prieto (Sp). Fig. 90. NOAA 98 V; NAV 99 R, Si, V, photo sta. 2; sta. 1, 2, 16, 17, 20, 21, 23, 25, 28 (204, Family Labridae, wrasses 12.7-94.9), USNM, LACM, SIO, MCZ, BMNH. Bodianus rufus (Linnaeus, 1758). Spanish hogfish, pez Microspathodon chrysurus (Cuvier, 1830). Yellowtail perro española (Sp). NOAA 98 V; NAV 99 R, Si, V - 0. damselfish, chopita de cola amarilla (Sp). Fig. 91. Clepticus parrae (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). Creole NOAA 98 V; NAV 99 R, Si, V, photo sta. 5; sta. 1, 2, , rabirirrubia genízara (Sp). Fig. 98. NOAA 98 5, 10, 16, 17, 21 (85, 12.0-124), USNM, LACM, SIO, V; NAV 99 R, Si, V, photo sta. 8; sta. 1, 2, 8, 12, 16, MCZ. 20, 23, 25, 28 (45, 7.5-45.4), USNM, LACM. Stegastes adustus (Troschel, 1865). Dusky dam- Doratonotus megalepis Günther, 1862. Dwarf wrasse, selfish. Figs. 92-93. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 1, 19; sta. 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 15-17, 19, 21 (82, 13.4-84.0), USNM, LACM, SIO, MCZ. Stegastes diencaeus (Jordan & Rutter, 1897). Longfin damselfish, chopita miel (Sp). Fig. 94. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 1; sta. 1, 2, 10, 16, 17, 20, 21 (69, 38.5- 89.5), USNM, LACM, MCZ. Stegastes partitus (Poey, 1868). Bicolor damselfish, chopita bicolor (Sp). Figs. 95-96. NOAA 98 V; NAV 99 R, Si, V, photo sta. 2, 13; sta. 1, 2, 7-9, 12, 13, 16, 17, 20, 21, 23, 25, 27-30 (226, 10.4-58.5), USNM, LACM, SIO, MCZ, BMNH. Fig. 98. Clepticus parrae, Labridae, Spanish hogfish Stegastes planifrons (Cuvier, 1830). Threespot dam- (45.4 mm SL) sta. 8. aqua vol. 6 no. 3 - 2003 114 Bruce B. Collette, Jeffrey T. Williams, Christine E. Thacker, and Michael L. Smith

Fig. 99. Doratonotus megalepis, Labridae, Dwarf wrasse Fig. 100. Halichoeres garnoti, Labridae, Yellowhead (37.2 mm SL) sta. 7. wrasse (87.6 mm SL) sta. 23.

Fig. 101. Halichoeres garnoti, Labridae, Yellow wrasse, Fig. 102. Halichoeres maculipinna, Labridae, Clown juvenile (25.1 mm SL) sta. 2. wrasse (57.6 mm SL) sta. 23.

Fig. 103. Halichoeres pictus, Labridae, Rainbow wrasse Fig. 104. Halichoeres radiatus, Labridae, Puddingwife (30.6 mm SL) sta. 20. (30.7 mm SL) sta. 23.

Fig. 105. Thalassoma bifasciatum, Labridae, Bluehead, Fig. 106. Xyrichtys splendens, Labridae, Green razorfish adult male (83.9 mm SL) sta. 16. (37.2 mm SL) sta. 25.

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doncella enana (Sp). Fig. 99. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 7; sta. 7, 10, 16, 21 (7, 8.3-38.8), USNM. Halichoeres bivittatus (Bloch, 1791). Slippery dick, doncella rayada (Sp). NAV 99 R, sta. 7 (2, 25.5- 31.3), USNM. Halichoeres garnoti (Valenciennes, 1839). Yellowhead wrasse, doncella cabeciamarilla (Sp). Figs. 100-101. NOAA 98 V; NAV 99 R, Si, V, photo sta. 2, 8, 23; sta. 1, 2, 8-10, 12, 15-17, 20, 21, 23, 25, 28 (166, 11.9- 97.9), USNM, LACM, MCZ. Halichoeres maculipinna (Müller & Troschel, 1848). Clown wrasse, doncella payaso (Sp). Fig. 102. NAV Fig. 108. Sparisoma atomarium, Scaridae, Greenblotch 99 R, Si, V, photo sta. 7, 23; sta. 5, 7, 20, 23, 28 (27, (69.5 mm SL) sta. 12. 12.7-73.5), USNM. Halichoeres pictus (Poey, 1860). Rainbow wrasse. Fig. 103. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 20; sta. 2, 20 (2, 17.1- 30.6), USNM. Halichoeres radiatus (Linnaeus, 1758). Puddingwife, doncella pudín (Sp). Fig. 104. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 23; sta. 1, 23 (3, 24.3-31.8), USNM. Thalassoma bifasciatum (Bloch, 1791). Bluehead, cara de cotorra (Sp). Fig. 105. NOAA 98 V; NAV 99 R, Si, V, photo sta. 16; sta. 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 14, 16, 17, 19-21, 23, 25, 28, 30 (557, 8.8-91.8), USNM, LACM, SIO, MCZ, BMNH. Xyrichtys splendens Castelnau, 1855. Green razorfish, Fig. 109. Sparisoma aurofrenatum, Scaridae, Redband doncella de lunar (Sp). Fig. 106. NAV 99 R, photo parrotfish, adult male (206 mm SL) sta. 7. sta. 25; sta. 25, 27, 30 (6, 13.4-37.2), USNM. band parrotfish, viejo lora (Sp). Fig. 109. NOAA 77 T; Family Scaridae, parrotfishes NOAA 98 V; NAV 99 R, Si, V, photo sta. 7; sta. 2, 7, coelestinus Valenciennes, 1840. Midnight par- 12, 17, 20, 21, 23, 25, 28, 30 (71, 8.4-216), USNM, rotfish, loro medianoche (Sp). NIP 98 P - 0. LACM, MCZ. Scarus coeruleus (Bloch, 1786). Blue parrotfish, Sparisoma chrysopterum (Bloch & Schneider, 1801). loro azul (Sp). NAV 99 R, sta. 14 (3, 9.4-14.2), USNM. Redtail parrotfish, loro colirrojo (Sp). NAV 99 R, sta. Scarus taeniopterus Desmarest, 1831. Princess par- 10, 21 (10, 12.7-65.2), USNM. rotfish, loro princesa (Sp). Fig. 107. NOAA 98 V; NAV Sparisoma radians (Valenciennes, 1840). Bucktooth 99 R, Si, V, photo sta. 9; sta. 2, 9, 21, 25 (7, 11.0- parrotfish, loro dientuso (Sp). NAV 99 R, sta. 10, 13, 128), USNM. 21, 25 (24, 12.7-80.0), USNM, LACM. Scarus vetula Bloch & Schneider, 1801. Queen par- Sparisoma viride (Bonnaterre, 1788). Stoplight parrot- rotfish, loro reina (Sp). NAV 99 Si, V - 0. fish, loro (Sp). NOAA 98 V; NAV 99 Si, V - 0. Sparisoma atomarium (Poey, 1861). Greenblotch par- rotfish, loro de lunar verde (Sp). Fig. 108. NOAA 98 Family Dactyloscopidae, sand stargazers V; NAV 99 R, photo sta. 8, 12; sta. 8, 12, 21 (8, 19.1- Dactyloscopus boehlkei Dawson, 1982. Fig. 110. NAV 69.5), USNM. 99 R, photo sta. 27 (1, 48.0), USNM. Sparisoma aurofrenatum (Valenciennes, 1840). Red- Gillellus inescatus Williams, 2002. Fig. 111. NAV 99 R,

Fig. 107. Scarus taeniopterus, Scaridae, Princess Fig. 110. Dactyloscopus boehlkei, Dactyloscopidae, parrotfish (84.5 mm SL) sta. 9. (48.0 mm SL) sta. 27. aqua vol. 6 no. 3 - 2003 116 Bruce B. Collette, Jeffrey T. Williams, Christine E. Thacker, and Michael L. Smith

Fig. 111. Gillellus inescatus Williams, Dactyloscopidae, Fig. 114. Malacoctenus triangulatus, Labrisomidae, Sad- (25.3 mm SL) sta. 27, USNM 360232, holotype. dled blenny (41.8 mm SL) sta. 1.

photo sta. 27 (1, 25.3), holotype, USNM 360232. Gillellus uranidea Böhlke, 1968. Warteye stargazer. NAV 99 R, sta. 28 (1, 7.5), USNM 360315.

Family Labrisomidae, scaly blennies Labrisomus guppyi (Norman, 1922). Mimic blenny, sapito prieto (Sp). Figs. 112-113. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 1; sta. 1, 5, 15, 17, 19, 21 (86, 17.1-79.0), USNM, LACM, SIO, MCZ, BMNH. Malacoctenus triangulatus Springer, 1959. Saddled blenny, sapito de inontura (Sp). Fig. 114. NAV 99 R, Si, V, photo sta. 1, 2; sta. 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 16, 17, 19-21, 23, 28 (462, 9.2-48.2), USNM, LACM, SIO, MCZ, BMNH. Fig. 115. Starksia atlantica, Labrisomidae, Smootheye Starksia atlantica Longley, 1934. Smootheye blenny, blenny (12.0 mm SL) sta. 17.

Fig. 112. Labrisomus guppyi, Labrisomidae, Mimic Fig. 116. Starksia n. sp. Williams and Mounts cf. fasciata blenny, female (24.2 mm SL) sta. 1. male (Longley) Labrisomidae, (17.2 mm SL) sta. 5.

Fig. 113. Labrisomus guppyi, Labrisomidae, Mimic Fig. 117. Starksia n. sp. Williams and Mounts cf. fasciata blenny, male (64.9 mm SL) sta. 1. female (Longley) Labrisomidae, (18.3 mm SL) sta. 5.

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blenny. Fig. 119. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 17, 21; sta. 2, 8, 17, 20, 21 (10, 8.2-16.1), USNM. Starksia sluiteri (Metzelaar, 1919). Sluiter’s blenny. NAV 99 R, sta. 1, 21 (3, 10.2-16.5), USNM. Starksia n. sp. Williams and Mounts cf. sluiteri (Metze- laar, 1919). Fig. 120. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 17, 21; sta. 17, 20, 21, 23, 25, 28-30 (52, 9.2-28.0), USNM.

Family Tripterygiidae Enneanectes altivelis Rosenblatt, 1960. Lofty triplefin, sapito barreado (Sp). Fig. 121. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 23; sta. 16, 23 (2, 12.1-20.0), USNM. Fig. 118. Starksia lepicoelia, Labrisomidae, Blackcheek Enneanectes boehlkei Rosenblatt, 1960. Roughhead blenny (22.3 mm SL) sta. 12. triplefin, sapito rugosa (Sp). Fig. 122. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 1, 5, 21; sta. 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 10, 16, 21, 23, 27 (93, 7.2-22.5), USNM, LACM, SIO, MCZ, BMNH.

Fig. 119. Starksia nanodes, Labrisomidae, Dwarf blenny (16.1 mm SL) sta. 21. Fig. 121. Enneanectes altivelis, Tripterygiidae, Lofty triplefin (12.1 mm SL) sta. 23.

Fig. 120. Starksia n. sp. Williams and Mounts, Labriso- midae, (22.5 mm SL) sta. 17. Fig. 122. Enneanectes boehlkei, Tripterygiidae, Rough- sapito pelón (Sp). Fig. 115. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 17; head triplefin, male (22.5 mm SL) sta. 1. sta. 16, 17, 23 (8, 9.9-17.0), USNM. Family Chaenopsidae, tube blennies Starksia n. sp. Williams and Mounts cf. fasciata (Lon- Acanthemblemaria maria Böhlke, 1961. Secretary gley, 1934). Figs. 116-117. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 1, blenny, sapito erizo (Sp). Fig. 123. NAV 99 R, V, 5; sta. 1, 5, 7, 10, 16, 17, 19 (116, 9.5-20.2), USNM, photo sta. 1, 5; sta. 1, 5, 7, 10, 17, 19, 21 (133, 14.1- LACM, SIO, MCZ, BMNH. 29.5), USNM, LACM, SIO, BMNH. Starksia hassi Klausewitz, 1958. Hass’s blenny. NAV Acanthemblemaria harpeza Williams, 2002. Thorn- 99 R, sta. 10 (2, 10.4-11.1), USNM. bush blenny. Figs. 124-125. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 5; Starksia lepicoelia Böhlke & Springer, 1961. sta. 1, 5, 7, 10, 16, 21, 28 (268, 14.7-25.2), USNM, Blackcheek blenny, sapito carinegro (Sp). Fig. 118. LACM, SIO, MCZ, BMNH, holotype USNM 367203. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 2, 12, 16, 17; sta. 1, 2, 7, 10, Chaenopsis limbaughi Robins & Randall, 1965. Yel- 12, 16, 17, 20, 21, 23, 25, 27-30 (294, 6.5-26.5), lowface pikeblenny. Fig. 126. NAV 99 R, photo sta. USNM, LACM, SIO, MCZ, BMNH. 27; sta. 27, 29, 30 (34, 16.7-50.7), USNM, LACM. Starksia nanodes Böhlke & Springer, 1961. Dwarf Coralliozetus cardonae Evermann & Marsh, 1899. aqua vol. 6 no. 3 - 2003 118 Bruce B. Collette, Jeffrey T. Williams, Christine E. Thacker, and Michael L. Smith

Fig. 123. Acanthemblemaria maria, Chaenopsidae, Sec- Fig. 124. Acanthemblemaria harpeza Williams, Chaenop- retary blenny (27.7 mm SL) sta. 5, head and anterior por- sidae, Thornbush blenny (24.2 mm SL) sta. 5, USNM tion of body. 367203, holotype, head and anterior portion of body.

Fig. 125. Acanthemblemaria harpeza Williams, Chaenop- Fig. 126. Chaenopsis limbaughi, Chaenopsidae, Yellow- sidae, Thornbush blenny (24.2 mm SL) sta. 5, USNM face pikeblenny (49.2 mm SL)sta. 27, head and anterior 367203. portion of body.

Fig. 127. Coralliozetus cardonae, Chaenopsidae, Fig. 128. Coralliozetus cardonae, Chaenopsidae, Twinhorn blenny, male (20.2 mm SL) sta. 17. Twinhorn blenny, female (18.7 mm SL) sta. 1.

Fig. 129. Emblemaria vitta Williams 2002, holotype, Fig. 130. Emblemaria pandionis, Chaenopsidae, Salfin Chaenopsidae, Ribbon blenny, male (18.0 mm SL) sta. blenny, male (32.2 mm SL) sta. 7. 25, USNM 367202.

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Fig. 129a. Life coloration of a dark-colored male Emblemaria vitta. Underwater photo at Utila Island, Honduras. Photo by Keri Wilk, ReefNet, Inc.

Fig. 129b. Life coloration of a pale-colored male Emblemaria vitta. Underwater photo at Utila Island, Honduras. Photo by Keri Wilk, ReefNet, Inc. aqua vol. 6 no. 3 - 2003 120 Bruce B. Collette, Jeffrey T. Williams, Christine E. Thacker, and Michael L. Smith

Twinhorn blenny. Figs. 127-128. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 1, 5, 17; sta. 1, 5, 15, 17, 19, 21 (28, 8.3-20.2), USNM, LACM, SIO. Emblemaria vitta Williams, 2002. Ribbon blenny (Fig. 129). NAV 99 R, photo sta. 25, holotype USNM 367202 (1, 18.0), not 32.2 (Williams, 2002: Fig. 4). After the description of Emblemaria vitta went to press, Les Wilk of ReefNet, Inc., sent one of us (JTW) ecological information about and colour photos (taken by Keri Wilk) of ribbon blennies from Isla de Utila, Honduras (see Figs. 129a, 129b). These underwater photographs of males are the first records of life colours for this species and are the basis for the fol- Fig. 131. Emblemaria pandionis, Chaenopsidae, Sailfin lowing colour description. Head and anterior half of blenny, female (26.4 mm SL) sta. 27. body black, becoming paler at mid-body, posterior half of body tan. Several small bluish white spots on top of head. Orbital and nasal cirri translucent. Anterior third to half of black with bright yellow patch covering basal third of fin from spines one through four, posterior portion of fin not visible in photos. Cau- dal fin and anal fin not visible in photos. Pectoral fins translucent. Pelvic fins brown. Iris of eye with narrow yellow ring encircling pupil, remainder of iris reddish. One photograph (Fig. 129b) of a male exhibits a pale brown background coloration of head, body, and dor- sal fin, and small black to yellowish black spots scat- tered over head, anterior third of body and anterior Fig. 132. Stathmonotus gymnodermis, Chaenopsidae, half of dorsal fin; orange and yellow patch anter- Naked blenny (23.5 mm SL) sta. 5, head and anterior obasally on dorsal fin. portion of body. Emblemaria vitta does not appear to be common at Navassa Island or Carrie Bow Cay, where only two NAV 99 R, photo sta. 7, 27; sta. 7, 27-30 (26, 15.2- specimens have been collected, but only a few collec- 32.2), USNM, LACM. tions were made at depths greater than 30 m. The rib- Emblemariopsis occidentalis Stephens, 1970. Flagfin bon blenny may be more common at deeper depths. blenny, sapito aletón (Sp). NAV 99 R, sta. 21 (2, The ribbon blenny seems to be found primarily at 10.0), USNM. depths of 26-35 m, with the only shallow occurrence Stathmonotus gymnodermis Springer, 1955. Naked recorded being a single specimen taken from Belize. blenny, sapito morenita (Sp). Fig. 132. NAV 99 R, Les Wilk provided the following comments on the photo sta. 2, 5; sta. 1, 5, 10, 15, 21 (11, 13.4-25.0), ecological habitat of the ribbon blennies at Isla de USNM. Utila, Honduras: “We encountered them on three occasions. The first Family Blenniidae, blennies time was a lone individual at 105 ft (32.3 m). It was in Entomacrodus nigricans Gill, 1859. Pearl blenny, a hole in a small piece of dead coral, on a sandy bot- blenio perlado (Sp). Fig. 133. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 5; tom at the edge of a steeply sloping reef. The second sta. 1, 5, 10, 14, 15, 17, 19, 21 (309, 13.4-49.0), time (different site) was at 110 feet (33.8 m), further USNM, LACM, SIO, MCZ, BMNH. away from the reef, also on a sandy bottom and in a chunk of dead coral. There were dead coral debris and small rocks lying around near it. The third time (a third dive site) was at 70 feet (21.5 m), where there were two of them, each in a chunk of dead coral, about 6 feet apart. In every case they were sitting with their heads poking out, occasionally moving forward and raising their dorsal fins. They did not exit their holes and “pump” their dorsal fins rapidly like sailfin blennies. They simply slid forward and raised their fins in a calm, methodical manner.” Emblemaria pandionis Evermann & Marsh, 1900. Fig. 133. Entomacrodus nigricans, Blenniidae, Pearl Sailfin blenny, sapito dragón (Sp). Figs. 130-131. blenny (30 mm SL) sta. 5, .

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R, photo sta. 20; sta. 8, 9, 17, 20 (5, 10.0-17.8), USNM. Coryphopterus personatus (Jordan & Thompson, 1905). Masked goby, gobio enmascarado (Sp). Fig. 139. NAV 99 R, Si, V, photo sta. 2, 8; sta. 2, 8, 25 (12, 12.3-21.7), USNM. Coryphopterus thrix Böhlke & Robins, 1960. Bartail goby. NAV 99 R, sta. 28, 29 (5, 14.0-31.9), USNM. Evermannichthys bicolor Thacker, 2001. Fig. 140. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 29 (1, 22.2), LACM 54001-3. Elacatinus evelynae Böhlke & Robins, 1968. Shar- knose goby, gobio hocicudo (Sp). Fig. 141. NAV 99 Fig. 134. Ophioblennius macclurei, Blenniidae, Redlip R, Si, photo sta. 2; sta. 1, 2, 7, 21, 28 (6, 13.0-27.4), blenny (32.1 mm SL) sta. 1. USNM. Elacatinus horsti (Metzelaar, 1922). Yellowline goby, Ophioblennius macclurei (Silvester, 1915). Redlip gobio de banda amarilla (Sp). Fig. 142. NAV 99 R, blenny, blenio bembirrojo (Sp). Fig. 134. We recog- photo sta. 30 (1, 31.2), LACM. nize O. macclurei as a valid Caribbean species Gnatholepis thompsoni Jordan, 1904. Goldspot goby, instead of as a subspecies of O. atlanticus (Valenci- gobio puntidorado (Sp). Fig. 143. NAV 99 R, ennes) based on recent molecular research by Muss Si, photo sta. 2, 27; sta. 1, 2, 7-10, 12, 16, 17, et al. (2001) and the original morphological data pre- 20, 21, 23, 25, 27-29 (84, 8.8-39.3), USNM, sented by Springer (1962). NAV 99 R, Si, V, photo LACM, MCZ. sta. 1; sta. 1, 5, 7, 10, 16, 17, 19, 21, 28 (480, 22.4- Lythrypnus elasson Böhlke & Robins, 1960. Dwarf 82.5), USNM, LACM, SIO, MCZ, BMNH. goby, gobio enano (Sp). Figs. 144-145. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 9, 21; sta. 2, 9, 10, 12, 16, 17, 20, 21, 23, Family Callionymidae, dragonets 25, 28 (134, 6.3-12.6), USNM, LACM, SIO, MCZ, Paradiplogrammus bairdi (Jordan, 1888). Lancer BMNH. dragonet, dragoncillo coralino (Sp). Fig. 135. NAV 99 Priolepis hipoliti (Metzelaar, 1922). Rusty goby, R, photo sta. 1, 25; sta. 1, 7, 10, 16, 23, 25, 27, 28, gobio oxidado (Sp). Fig. 146. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 2, 30 (37, 6.0-28.3), USNM, MCZ.

Fig. 136. Bathygobius soporator, Gobiidae, Frillfin goby Fig. 135. Paradiplogrammus bairdi, Callionymidae, (48.9 mm SL) sta. 14. Lancer dragonet (28.3 mm SL) sta. 25.

Family Gobiidae, gobies Bathygobius soporator (Valenciennes, 1837). Frillfin goby, gobio mapo (Sp). Fig. 136. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 14; sta. 14, 15 (29, 12.0-59.2), USNM, LACM. Coryphopterus dicrus Böhlke & Robins, 1960. Colon goby, gobio colón (Sp). NAV 99 R, sta. 2, 10, 17 (9, 9.0-19.8), USNM. Coryphopterus eidolon Böhlke & Robins, 1960. Pallid goby, gobio pálido (Sp). Fig. 137. NAV 99 R, Si, photo sta. 2, 20; sta. 2, 8, 9, 12, 16, 20, 21, 25 (42, 6.0-42.1), USNM, LACM. Coryphopterus hyalinus Böhlke & Robins, 1962. Fig. 137. Coryphopterus eidolon, Gobiidae, Pallid goby Glass goby, gobio de cristal (Sp). Fig. 138. NAV 99 (42.1 mm SL) sta. 2. aqua vol. 6 no. 3 - 2003 122 Bruce B. Collette, Jeffrey T. Williams, Christine E. Thacker, and Michael L. Smith

Fig. 138. Coryphopterus hyalinus, Gobiidae, Glass goby Fig. 139. Coryphopterus personatus, Gobiidae, Masked (17.8 mm SL) sta. 20. goby (16.9 mm SL) sta. 8.

Fig. 140. Evermannichthys bicolor, “Thacker, holotype”, Fig. 141. Elacatinus evelynae, Gobiidae, Sharknose Gobiidae, (22.2 mm SL) sta. 29. goby (21.5 mm SL) sta. 2.

Fig. 142. Elacatinus horsti, Gobiidae, Yellowline goby Fig. 143. Gnatholepis thompsoni, Gobiidae, Goldspot (31.2 mm SL) sta. 30. goby (34.2 mm SL) sta. 27.

Fig. 144. Lythrypnus elasson, Gobiidae, Dwarf goby Fig. 145. Lythrypnus elasson, Gobiidae, Dwarf goby, (9.9 mm SL) sta. 9. juvenile (7.2 mm SL) sta. 21.

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Fig. 146. Priolepis hipoliti, Gobiidae, Rusty goby (19.9 Fig. 148. Acanthurus bahianus, , Ocean mm SL) sta. 7. surgeonfish (41.1 mm SL) sta. 7.

Fig. 147. Risor ruber, Gobiidae, Tusked goby (20.4 mm SL) sta. 2.

7; sta. 1, 2, 7, 10, 12, 16, 17, 20, 21, 23, 25, 28, 29 (86, 6.7-22.3), USNM, LACM, SIO, MCZ, BMNH. Fig. 149. , Acanthuridae, Blue Risor ruber (Rosén, 1911). Tusked goby, gobio de tang, juvenile (29.8 mm SL) sta. 21. boca chica (Sp). Fig. 147. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 2; sta. 1, 2, 16, 17, 20, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 30 (24, 8.2- 23.4), USNM, MCZ. geonfish, barbero (Sp). Fig. 148. NOAA 77 T; NOAA 98 V; NAV 99 R, Si, photo sta. 7; sta. 1, 5, 7, 13-17, Family Microdesmidae, wormfishes 19, 21, 23, 25, 27-30 (106, 25.4-147), USNM, Ptereleotris helenae (Randall, 1967). Hovering goby, LACM, SIO, MCZ, BMNH. gobio azul (Sp). NAV 99 Si - 0. Acanthurus chirurgus (Bloch, 1787). Doctorfish, bar- Family Acanthuridae, surgeonfishes bero rayado (Sp). NAV 99 R, Si, sta. 13 (1, 30.6), Acanthurus bahianus Castelnau, 1855. Ocean sur- USNM.

Fig. 150. Acanthocybium solandri, Scombridae, Wahoo (990 mm FL) sta. 18. aqua vol. 6 no. 3 - 2003 124 Bruce B. Collette, Jeffrey T. Williams, Christine E. Thacker, and Michael L. Smith

Fig. 151. Katsuwonus pelamis, Scombridae, Skipjack tuna (670 mm FL) sta. 18.

Fig. 152. Thunnus albacares, Scombridae, Yellowfin tuna (1070 mm FL) sta. 18.

Fig. 153. Thunnus atlanticus, Scombridae, Balckfin tuna (340 mm FL) sta. 18.

Acanthurus coeruleus Bloch & Schneider, 1801. Blue Family Scombridae, mackerels tang, barbero azul (Sp). Fig. 149. NOAA 98 V; NAV 99 Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier, 1832). Wahoo, peto R, Si, V, photo sta. 1, 21; sta. 1, 2, 7, 16, 17, 19, 21, 23, (Sp). Fig. 150. NAV 99 Tr, photo sta. 18 - 0. 25, 28 (46, 26.5-147), USNM, LACM, SIO, MCZ, Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758). Skipjack tuna, BMNH. bonito listado (Sp). Fig. 151. BCF 65 Tr; NAV 99 Tr, photo sta. 18 - 0. Family Sphyraenidae, barracudas Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788). Yellowfin Sphyraena barracuda (Walbaum, 1792). Great bar- tuna, atún de aleta amarilla (Sp). Fig. 152. NAV 99 Tr, racuda, picúa (Sp). BCF 65 Tr; NOAA 77 Tr, S; NOAA photo sta. 18 - 0. 98 V, L; NAV 99 L, Si - 0. Thunnus atlanticus (Lesson, 1831). Blackfin tuna,

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falsa albacora (Sp). Fig. 153. BCF 65 Tr; NOAA 98 Tr; NAV 99 Tr, photo sta. 18 (1, 340 FL), USNM. Thunnus obesus (Lowe, 1839). Bigeye tuna, atún ojo grande (Sp). BCF 65 Tr - 0.

Family Nomeidae, driftfishes Nomeus gronovii (Gmelin, 1789). Man-of-war fish, pastorcillo (Sp). Fig. 154. MCZ 41683 (2, 24-27); NAV 99 V, DN, photo sta. 35 (2, 30.2-34.8), USNM.

Fig. 156. Bothus ocellatus, Bothidae, Eved flounder (50.1 mm SL) sta. 7.

Canthidermis sufflamen (Mitchill, 1815). Ocean trig- gerfish, lija (Sp). NOAA 77 L, S; NOAA 98 V; NAV 99 DN, Si, sta. 26 (1, 42.1), USNM. Melichthys niger (Bloch, 1786). Black durgon, nigrito (Sp). Fig. 157. NOAA 77 L, S; NOAA 98 V; NAV 99 R, Si, V, photo sta. 5; sta. 1, 5, 7, 17, 21, 28 (10, 97.3- Fig. 154. Nomeus gronovii, Nomeidae, Man-of-war fish 208), USNM, LACM. (34.8 mm SL) sta. 35. Xanthichthys ringens (Linnaeus, 1758). Sargassum trig- gerfish, cocuyo (Sp). Fig. 158. NOAA 98 V; NAV 99 R, Family Bothidae, lefteye flounders Si, photo sta. 25; sta. 25, 29 (4, 116-150), USNM. Bothus lunatus (Linnaeus, 1758). Peacock flounder, lenguado lunado (Sp). Fig. 155. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 7; sta. 7, 21 (3, 29.7-73.4), USNM. Bothus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1831). Eyed flounder, lenguado ocelado (Sp). Fig. 156. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 7; sta. 7, 25, 27 (5, 16.0-50.1), USNM.

Family Balistidae, triggerfishes Balistes vetula Linnaeus, 1758. Queen , cochino (Sp). NOAA 77 L, T; NOAA 98 V; NAV 99 L, Si, sta. 6 (1, 235), USNM; NAV 2000 L. Canthidermis maculata (Bloch, 1786). Rough trigger- fish, sobaco manchado (Sp). NAV 99 L, sta. 6 (1, 146), USNM. Fig. 157. Melichthys niger, Balistidae, Black durgon (169 mm SL) sta. 5.

Fig. 155. Bothus lunatus, Bothidae, Peacock flounder Fig. 158. Xanthichthys ringens, Balistidae, Sargassum (39.2 mm SL) sta. 7. triggerfish (119 mm SL) sta. 25. aqua vol. 6 no. 3 - 2003 126 Bruce B. Collette, Jeffrey T. Williams, Christine E. Thacker, and Michael L. Smith

Family Monacanthidae, filefishes Aluterus scriptus (Osbeck, 1765). Scrawled , lija trompa (Sp). NAV 99 Si - 0. Cantherhines macrocerus (Hollard, 1853). Whitespot- ted filefish, lija de lunares blancos (Sp). NOAA 98 V; NAV 99 Si, V - 0. Cantherhines pullus (Ranzani, 1842). , lija colorada (Sp). Fig. 159. NAV 99 R, Si, photo sta. 21 (14, 49.3-77.8), USNM, LACM, SIO. Monacanthus tuckeri Bean, 1906. Fig. 160. NAV 99 R, photo sta. 1; sta. 1, 7, 12, 16, 21, 25, 28, 30 (18, 13.5-36.7), USNM, LACM.

Fig. 161. Lactophrys triqueter, Ostraciidae, Smooth trunkfish, juvenile (8.8 mm SL) sta. 21.

Family Tetraodontidae, puffers Canthigaster rostrata (Bloch, 1786). Sharpnose puffer, tamboril narizón (Sp). Fig. 162. NOAA 98 V; NAV 99 R, Si, V, photo sta. 2, 16; sta. 1, 2, 5, 7-10, 12, 16, 17, 19-21, 23, 25, 27-30 (132, 10.0-66.4), USNM, LACM, SIO, MCZ, BMNH.

Fig. 159. Cantherhines pullus, Monacanthidae, Orange spotted filefish (77.8 mm SL) sta. 21.

Family Ostraciidae, boxfishes Acanthostracion polygonius Poey, 1876. Honeycomb cowfish, torito hexagonal (Sp). NOAA 98 V; NAV 99 Si, V - 0. Lactophrys bicaudalis (Linnaeus, 1758). Spotted trunkfish, chapín de lunares negros (Sp). NOAA 77 Fig. 162. Canthigaster rostrata, Tetraodontidae, Sharp- T; NAV 99 Si - 0. nose puffer (66.4 mm S) sta. 16. Lactophrys trigonus (Linnaeus, 1758). Trunkfish, chapín de lunares (Sp). NOAA 98 V; NAV 99 Si - 0. Family Diodontidae, porcupinefishes Lactophrys triqueter (Linnaeus, 1758). Smooth trunk- Diodon holocanthus Linnaeus, 1758. Balloonfish, pez fish, chapín común (Sp). Fig. 161. NAV 99 Si, V, erizo (Sp). Fig. 163. NAV 99 R, sta. 11, 16, 29 (3, photo sta. 21 (1, 8.8), USNM. 44.5-214), USNM, LACM.

Fig. 160. Monacanthus tuckeri, Monacanthidae, (18.2 Fig. 163. Diodon holocanthus, Diodontidae, Balloonfish mm SL) sta. 1. (44.5 mm SL) sta. 11.

127 aqua vol. 6 no. 3 - 2003 Shore fishes of Navassa Island, West Indies: a case study on the need for rotenone sampling in reef fish biodiversity studies

Diodon hystrix Linnaeus, 1758. Porcupinefish, puerco The Quest engineer, John Dumlao, fished with hand espín (Sp). NAV 99 R, V; sta. 21, 26 (2, 43.4-204), lines and dip netted almost every night and graciously USNM. gave us specimens, several of which were new records for the cruise. Fishermen aboard the M/V Acknowledgments Mago de Mar also contributed specimens of a few We are grateful to Discovery Channel’s “Animal species that we had not captured. Richard Rosenblatt Planet” series for funding the expedition and Beyond and H.J. Walker (SIO) graciously delivered formalin Productions, Inc., for the privilege of participating in and other supplies to the Quest while the ship was in the Navassa Expedition on board M/V Quest, result- San Diego. Jerry Finan, Kris Murphy, Jeff Clayton, ing in the Animal Planet television program “The Shirleen Smith, and David Smith assisted with pro- Quest - Episode 3: Forbidding Islands”. We deeply cessing specimens at USNM. Fernando Bretos (Cen- appreciate the efforts of the crew of M/V Quest and all ter for Marine Conservation) and Carlos Rodriguez the Beyond staff on board in helping us to make as provided logistical support. Fernando Bretos and Tom complete an inventory of the fishes of Navassa as DiBenedetto (also Center for Marine Conservation) possible and to have a wonderful time doing so (Figs. assisted in sorting the specimens. David Smith veri- 164-165). In particular, we give special thanks to the fied identification of the eels. Karsten Hartel re-exam- expedition leader Andrew Wight and the two divemas- ined the MCZ specimens from Navassa and provided ters, Tove Petterson and Lynn Micheletti. Tove and Lyn us with references about the Harvard Navassa Expe- ensured that our dives were safe and productive and dition. Keiko Hiratsuka Moore transformed our field assisted us in collecting fishes at several rotenone station map into a publishable figure. Sara Henley stations. Tove, Andrew, and Ron Allum even made painstakingly scanned the colour slides. Les Wilk, successful rotenone stations for us at 43 and 45 m, ReefNet, Inc., provided colour photographs (taken by deeper than our diving procedures permitted. The Keri Wilk) and ecological information on the recently underwater video crew, especially Tove Petterson and described ribbon blenny. Mark A. Grace, William Ron Allum, made excellent videotapes containing Smith-Vaniz, and Michael Vecchione read drafts of the images of several fishes that we saw nowhere else. manuscript.

Fig. 164. Part of the support staff aboard the M/V Quest. The two dive-masters, Lynn Micheletti and Tove Petterson, the engineer John Dumlao, and the two hostesses, Whitney Merritt and Janice Cox. aqua vol. 6 no. 3 - 2003 128 Bruce B. Collette, Jeffrey T. Williams, Christine E. Thacker, and Michael L. Smith

Fig. 165. Sunset over flat-topped Navassa.

Appendix - Fish stations for April-May, 1999 dry rotenone; A. Wight, T. Petterson. Navassa Expedition 09. V: 1:99; 1130-1200; off shore slope just E of NW Point, 18°25.01’N, 75°01.30’W; 30-31 m; 2 01. IV: 29:99; 0900-1040; tip of NW Point, shore sta- bags dry rotenone; B. B. Collette, J. T. Williams, tion; 0-9 m; 3 bags dry rotenone; collectors B. M. Miller. B. Collette, J. T. Williams, C. Thacker, M. Miller. 10. V: 1:99; 1600-1730; rocky ridges and grooves 02. IV: 29:99; 1530-1630; off NW Point on rocky reef; just E of NW Point; 4-8 m; 2 bags dry 9-20 m; 3 bags dry rotenone, B. B. Collette, J. rotenone; B. B. Collette, J. T. Williams, C. T. Williams, C. Thacker. Thacker, M. Smith, P. Bullen, T. Petterson. 03. IV: 29:99; 2030-2130; off NW Point, on board M/V 11. V: 1-2:99; 2100-2400; anchorage just N of NW Quest, 18°25.124’, 75°01.629’; night light/dip Point, on board M/V Quest; night light/dip net; net; B. B. Collette, T. Petterson. J. Dumlao. 04. IV: 29:99; 0500; off NW Point, on board M/V 12. V: 2:99; 0855-0925; just E of NW Point on outer Quest, 18°25.124’, 75°01.629’; hook and line, slope; 26-30 m; 2 bags dry rotenone; B.B. Col- J. Dumlao. lette, J.T. Williams. 05. IV: 30:99, NW Point, shallow surf zone against 13. V: 2:99; 1045-1120; at anchorage just N of NW undercut shore; 0-8 m, 3 bags dry rotenone; B. Point, 18°25.131’N, 75°01.626’W; 45 m; 2 B. Collette, J. T. Williams, C. Thacker, M. Smith, bags dry rotenone; A. Wight, T. Petterson. L. Micheletti. 14. V: 2:99; 1000-1130; tide pools above shore, just 06. IV: 30-V:1:99; NW Point, on board M/V Quest, E of NW Point; 0-0.5 m; 1 bag dry rotenone; C. 18°25.124’, 75°01.629’; hook and line; J. Dum- Thacker, M. Smith. lao. 15. V: 2:99; 1400-1530; along shore just E of NW 07. IV: 30:99; 1530-1700; NW Point, steep rock wall Point; 1 bag dry rotenone; C. Thacker, M. just east of point; 3-12 m, 3 bags dry rotenone, Smith. B. B. Collette, J. T. Williams, C. Thacker, L. 16. V: 2:99; 1630-1730; spur and groove reef just E of Micheletti, R. Allum. NW Point; 9-19 m; 3 bags dry rotenone; B. B. 08. V: 1:99; 1050-1130; outer reef slope just E of NW Collette, J. T. Williams, C. Thacker, J. Ewing. Point, 18°25.01’N, 75°01.30’W; 43 m; 2 bags 17. V: 3:99; 1455-1615; vertical wall just W of NE

129 aqua vol. 6 no. 3 - 2003 Shore fishes of Navassa Island, West Indies: a case study on the need for rotenone sampling in reef fish biodiversity studies

point, 18°24.69’N, 75°00.64’W; 0-22 m; 4 bags visual survey/ dip net; B. B. Collette, J. T. dry rotenone; B. B. Collette, J. T. Williams, C. Williams, C. Thacker. Thacker, M. Smith, T. Petterson. 35. V: 10:99; 0950-1050; Lulu Bay; 0-18 m; visual 18. V: 3 and V:4:99; trolling off Navassa on M/V survey/dip net; B.B. Collette, J. T. Williams, C. Blackfin; J. Dumlao, P. Bullen, M. Jackson. Thacker, M. Smith. 19. V: 4:99; 0925-1025; rocky shelf just W of NE 36. V: 11:99; 1045-1130; vertical wall at East Point; Point; 0-5 m; 1 bag dry rotenone; B. B. Collette, 3-27 m; visual survey; B. B. Collette, J. T. J. T. Williams, C. Thacker. Williams, C. Thacker. 20. V: 4:99; 0925-1025; rocky wall just W of NE Point, 37. V: 11:99; 1555-1650; south side of East Point; 6- 18°24.68’N, 75°00.64’W; 24-28 m; 2 bags dry 24 m; visual survey; B. B. Collette, J. T. rotenone; B. B. Collette, J. T. Williams, L. Williams, C. Thacker. Micheletti. 38. V: 12:99; 0955-1050; south side of East Point, 21. V: 4:99; Lulu Bay; 0-17 m; 4 bags dry rotenone; B. 18°23.42’ N, 75°00.27’ W; 6-23 m; visual sur- B. Collette, J. T. Williams, C. Thacker, M. Smith, vey; B. B. Collette, J. T. Williams, C. Thacker. M. Miller, L. Micheletti, J. Cox, W. Merritt. 22. V: 4:99; 1900-2400; between NW Point and Lulu Bay, on board M/V Quest, 18°25.13’N, References 75°01.63’W; night light/dip net; B. B. Collette, Alayón García, G. 2001. Las arañas de Isla Navassa J. Dumlao. (Archnida). Cocuyo, 10: 18-22. 23. V: 5:99; 1700-1800; small cove just S of North- Almany, G. R. & C. C. Baldwin. 1996. A new Atlantic east Point on E side of island; 15-24 m; 2 bags species of Acanthemblemaria (Teleostei: dry rotenone; B. B. Collette, J. T. Williams, C. Blennioidei: Chaenopsidae): morphology and rela- Thacker, A. Wight. tionships. Proceedings of the Biological Society of 24. V: 5 and V:9:99; trolling off Navassa on M/V Washington, 109 (3): 419-429. Blackfin; J. Dumlao, P. Bullen, M. Jackson. Böhlke, J. E. 1961. The Atlantic species of the clinid 25. V: 6:99; just S of NE Point on W side of island; fish genus Acanthemblemaria. Notulae Naturae, 24-30 m; 2 bags dry rotenone; B. B. Collette, J. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 346: T. Williams, C. Thacker, L. Micheletti. 1-7. 26. V:6-11:99; 2100- ; at anchorage just N of Lulu Bay Briggs, J. C. 2001. New clingfish (Gobiesocidae) from on board M/V Quest, 18°24.2’N, 75°01.6’W; Isla Grande, Colombia. Copeia, 2001: 745-746. night light/dip net; B. B. Collette, C. Thacker, J. Bullis, H. B., Jr. 1965. R/V Oregon Cruise 101. Dumlao. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Pascagoula. 27. V: 7:99; 0815-0855; sand and rubble flat on outer Claro, R., Lindeman, K. C. & L. R. Parenti, eds. shelf between NW Point and Lulu Bay; 27-30 2002. Ecology of the Marine Fishes of Cuba. Smith- m; 2 bags dry rotenone; B. B. Collette, J. T. sonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. Williams, L. Micheletti. Clench, W. J. 1945. Harvard Navassa Expedition. 28. V: 7:99; 1450-1552; small cove on south coast , 1 (5): 64-66. just E of South Point, 18°23.53’N, 75°00.25’W; Ekman, E. L. 1929. Plants of Navassa Island, West 15-24 m; 3 bags dry rotenone; B. B. Collette, Indies. Arkiv för Botanik, 22A (16): 1-12. J.T. Williams, C. Thacker, T. Petterson. Gilmore, R. G., Hastings, P. A., Kulczycki, G. R. & 29. V:8:99; sand flat ahead of M/V Quest at second B. L. Jennison. 1981. Crystalline rotenone as a anchorage just N of Lulu Bay, 18o 24.18’N, selective fish toxin. Florida Scientist, Quarterly Jour- 75o 01.67’W; 27-29 m; 2 bags dry rotenone; B. nal of the Florida Academy of Sciences, 44 (4): 193- B. Collette, J. T. Williams. 203. 30. V: 8:99; 1500-1600; sand flat ahead of M/V Grace, M. 1999. Cruise results for OREGON II 98-02 Quest at second anchorage just N of Lulu Bay, (231), coastal shark assessment, U.S., Mexico, and 18°24.18’N, 75°01.67’W; 27-29 m; 2 bags dry Cuba. 26 p. Pascagoula Facility, Southeast Fisheries rotenone; B. B. Collette, J. T. Williams, C. Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Thacker. Service. 31. V: 8-10:99; off NW Point, M/V Mago de Mer; hand Grace, M., Bahnick, M. & L. Jones. 2001. A prelimi- lines. nary study of the marine biota at Navassa Island, 32. V: 9:99; 0930-1030; NW Point; “photo dive”; 6-23 Caribbean Sea. Marine Fisheries Review, 62 (2): m; B. B. Collette, J. T. Williams, C. Thacker. 43-48. 33. V: 9:99; 1400-1545; vertical wall just E of South Hastings, P. A. 1990. Phylogenetic relationships of Point; visual survey; 6-23 m; B. B. Collette, J. T. tube blennies of the genus Acanthemblemaria Williams, C. Thacker. (Pisces: Blennioidei). Bulletin of Marine Science, 34. V: 9:99; 2130-2200; reef under M/V Quest at sec- 47(3):725-738. ond anchorage just N of Lulu Bay; 0-28 m; Johnson, G. D. & E. B. Brothers. 1989. Acanthem- aqua vol. 6 no. 3 - 2003 130 Bruce B. Collette, Jeffrey T. Williams, Christine E. Thacker, and Michael L. Smith

blemaria paula, a new diminutive chaenopsid Aquatic Biology, 6 (1): 11-16. (Pisces: Blennioidei) from Belize, with comments on Williams, J. T. & J. C. Tyler. In press. Revision of life history. Proceedings of the Biological Society of western Atlantic clingfishes of the genus Tomicodon Washington, 102(4):1018-1030. (Gobiesocidae), with descriptions of five new Johnson, R. K. & D. W. Greenfield. 1976. A new species. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, No. chaenopsid fish, Emblemaria hyltoni, from Isla 621. Roatán, Honduras. Fieldiana Zoology, 70 (2): 13-28. Mejia, L. S., Garzón-Ferreira, J. & A. Acero P. 1998. Peces registrados en los complejos arrecifales de los cayos Courtown, Albuquerque, Serrana y Ron- cador, Caribe occidental, Colombia. Boletín Ecotrópica: Ecosistemas Tropicales, No. 32: 25-42. Miller, G. C. 1977. Cruise results for OREGON II 77- 08 (80), Navassa Island resource assessment sur- vey. 12 p. NMFS Southeast Fisheries Science Cen- ter, Miami. Miller, M. W. & C. L Gerstner. 2002. Reefs of an unin- habited Caribbean island: fishes, benthic habitat, and opportunities to discern reef fishery impact. Bio- logical Conservation, 106: 37-44. Muss, A., Robertson, D. R. , Stepien, C. A., Wirtz, P. & B. W. Bowen. 2001. Phylogeography of Ophioblennius: The role of ocean currents and geog- raphy in reef fish evolution. Evolution, 55 (3): 561- 572. Powell, R. 1999. Herpetology of Navassa Island, West Indies. Caribbean Journal of Science, 35 (1-2):1-13. Skaggs, J. M. 1994. The great guano rush. St. Mar- tin’s Griffin, New York, 334 p. Smith, D. G., & J. T. Williams. 2002. History and sta- tus of the genera Enneanectes and Axoclinus (Teleostei: Blennioidei: Tripterygiidae). Zootaxa, 105, 10 p Smith-Vaniz, W. F. & F. J. Palacio. 1974. Atlantic fishes of the genus Acanthemblemaria, with descrip- tions of three new species and comments on Pacific species (Clinidae: Chaenopsinae). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 125 (11): 197-224. Smith-Vaniz, W. F., Collette, B. B. & B. E. Luckhurst. 1999. Fishes of Bermuda: history, zoogeography, annotated checklist, and identification keys. Ameri- can Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, Special Publication No. 4, 424 p. Springer, V. G. 1962. A review of the blennioid fishes of the genus Ophioblennius Gill. Copeia, 1962 (2): 426-433. Thacker, C. E. 2001. Evermannichthys bicolor, a new goby (Teleostei: : Gobioidei) from Navassa Island. Los Angeles County Natural History Museum Contributions in Science, 490, 5 p. Turner, R. D. 1960. Land shells of Navassa Island, West Indies. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 122: 231-244. Williams, J. T. 2002. Three new species of blennioid shore fishes discovered at Navassa Island, Caribbean Sea. aqua, Journal of Ichthyology and

131 aqua vol. 6 no. 3 - 2003 Book review Bloch in four chapters, over some 216 pages: Bloch as a representative of 18th century enlightenment; general remarks on the collection; the catalogue, with com- Paepke, H.- J. 1999. Bloch’s fish collection in the ments and discussions, forming the largest section, Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt Universität zu and finally 32 plates featuring good black and white Berlin – an illustrated catalogue and historical photographs of 56 type specimens. Compared with the account. Thesis Zoologicae, vol.32, Editor Ronald original coloured plates, this is a valuable tool for Fricke. Gantner Verlag KG, Lichtenstein, Distribution: research workers. Without doubt, it is an indispensable Koeltz Scientific Books, D-61453 Koenigstein, reference work for the modern ichthyologist. P.O.Box 1360, Germany (Tel: 0049 61 74 93 72 0, – Fax: 0049 61 74 93 72 40 – E-mail: koeltz@t- (*) The prominent ichthyologists of the time were physicians: online.de). Original price 60 DM (ca. 30 Euros), bound Bloch, Agassiz, Günther, Pellegrin and others. with dust cover. Bloch’s Atlas – anniversary edition: Hans-Joachim Paepke has published an important Vol. I: Naturgeschichte der Fische Deutschlands,1782- study of the life and work of the founder of ichthyology, 1784, Plates 1-108. Marcus Eliesier Bloch, on the 200th anniversary of the Vol. II: Naturgeschichte der Ausländischen Fische, great man’s death. 1785-1790, Plates 109-252. This is accompanied by a valuable illustrated cata- Vol. III: Naturgeschichte der Ausländischen Fische, logue of the types in his collection, still in the Berlin 1791-1795, Plates 253-432. Zoological Museum (now the Institut für Systematische Mergus Verlag für Natur und Heimtierkunde, Hans A. Zoologie, Naturhistorische Forschungsinstitut für Baensch, Melle, Germany (Edited by Dr. Isaäc Naturkunde, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. The Isbrucker, Amsterdam) – 2000 pp., 432 colour repro- author, Dr. Paepke, was curator of the ichthyological ductions. Price 102 Euros (three volumes), bound with collections until December 31st, 1999 and is partly dust cover. responsible for the revival of the long dormant historical collection. Hans Baensch, the editor and co-author of the Mark Eliezer Bloch, born in 1723 in Ansbach, Ger- famous Aquarien Atlas, those thick books containing many, practised as a physician in Berlin* and only the most information and the greatest number of colour started to write about ichthyology at the age of 56! blocks possible in the smallest possible size (12 x 8 There are two parts to his work: Ökonomische cm), had the excellent idea of re-publishing the 12 Naturgeschichte der Fische Deutschlands (1782-1784) Bloch volumes in three volumes of the same economi- and Naturgeschichte des Ausländischen Fische (1785- cal size. The reduced result is some 2.5 times smaller 1795). than the original, but not much harm has been done. His general “System of Fishes” (1519 species!) was The colours are only slightly darker than the hand- edited in 1801, two years after his death, by his friend coloured copperplate originals. This is due to the use of J. G. Schneider, who was not an ichthyologist. This light yellowish glossy paper, probably to give an antique book, known as the “Bloch and Schneider”, is quite effect. In fact the original laid paper tends more to grey rare. than yellow. The loss of detail is really minimal, even at To have some idea of this colossal work, it should be this reduction. The text is reproduced with great preci- seen against the background of Bloch’s times. As a Jew sion and is perfectly legible, though in places it is some- living in Prussia, he was not confined to a ghetto and what too light, because two hundred years ago the could move about freely, but he had to study outside printing was not always even. Berlin in Frankfurt on Oder, thanks to an incredible Isaac Isbrücker, the well-known Amsterdam ichthyolo- because the 2000 Jews living in Berlin at that time were gist, contributed a list of true scientific names which, for submitted to a number of restrictions, economicly, the first book reviewed, may appear superfluous, but on legally, socially and profesionally. Also he was only the other hand, might give rise to fruitful discussion. In allowed to practise medicine at the age of 42.Thanks to my opinion, these two different publications are com- an incredible capacity for work and a certain affluence plementary, perhaps even inseparable. (due to three successive wives), he was able to collect Compared with the original Bloch publication, now and study the largest collection of fishes of his time as extremely rare, in fact unobtainable, and valued at well as devoting himself to his patients. The collection 90,000 Euros, the present edition (limited to1000) is a was only partly published, running to 12 volumes. If we real bargain for book collector, aquarist and ichthyolo- add the posthumous Systema ichthyologiae, the whole gist alike. work is seen as monumental, and unequalled. To quote Günther: “Block’s work is unique and will probably remain so for ever.” Jacques Géry Paepke’s monograph describes the life and work of F-24200 SARLAT aqua vol. 6 no. 3 - 2003 132 Instructions to Authors Day, J. H., Blaber, S. J. M., & J. H. Wallace. 1981. Estuarine Fishes. In: Estuarine Ecology with Particular Reference to aqua is an international journal which publishes original sci- Southern Africa. (Ed. J.H. Day.) : 197-221. A. A. Balkema, entific articles in the fields of systematics, taxonomy, ethology, Rotterdam. ecology, biogeography, and general biology of fishes, amphibians, Dimmich, W. W. 1988. Ultrastructure of North American cyprinid aquatic invertebrates and plants. Papers dealing with freshwater, maxillary barbels. Copeia 1988 (1): 72-79. brackish, and marine organisms will be considered for publication. Trewavas, E. 1983. Tilapiine Fishes of the Genera Sarotherodon, Scientific articles of interest to a wide readership are especially Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Museum (Natural History), welcome. Full length research papers and short notes will also be London, 583 pp. considered for publication. 7. Author details: these should be placed at the beginning of the 1. Manuscript preparation: manuscripts must be submitted in manuscript, immediately after the title, and contain: full name(s) of English. 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Contents

Bruce B. Collette, Jeffrey T. Williams, Christine E. Thacker, and Michael L. Smith: Shore fishes of Navassa Island, West Indies: a case study on the need for rotenone sampling in reef fish biodiversity studies ...... 89-131

Book review ...... 132

Papers appearing in this journal are indexed in: Zoological Record; Biolis - Biologische Literatur Information Senckenberg; www.aquageo.com; www.Joachim-Frische.com

Cover photo: Life coloration of a dark-colored male Emblemaria vitta, is shown in this underwater photo of a male at Utila Island, Honduras. Photo by Keri Wilk, ReefNet, Inc.

Fig. 44. Aulostomus maculatus Valenciennes, 1837, Aulostomidae, Trumpetfish (128 mm SL) sta. 1.