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Amphibians and Reptiles of Cocobolo Nature Reserve

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Amphibians and Reptiles of Cocobolo Nature Reserve Amphibians and Reptiles of Cocobolo Nature Reserve Compiled & Photographed by Twan Leenders Copyright 2017 Twan Leenders, except where otherwise noted. All rights reserved. Herpetofauna of Cocobolo Nature Reserve - 113 spp. Updated February 2017 AMPHIBIANS - 52 Family Microhylidae Marisora unimarginata Caecilians - 1 Ctenophryne aterrima Family Teiidae Family Caeciliidae Family Ranidae Ameiva ameiva Oscaecilia ochrocephala (Rana warszewitschii) Holcosus festivus Family Strabomantidae Holcosus leptophrys Salamanders - 5 Pristimantis cerasinus Family Plethodontidae Pristimantis cruentus Snakes - 33 Bolitoglossa biseriata Pristimantis gaigei Family Boidae Bolitoglossa cuna Pristimantis pardalis Boa constrictor Bolitoglossa sp. Pristimantis ridens Family Colubridae Bolitoglossa medemi Pristimantis taeniatus Chironius grandisquamis Oedipina aff. complex Pristimantis sp. Dendrophidion percarinatum (Drymarchon melanurus) Frogs & Toads - 46 Leptophis ahaetulla Family Bufonidae REPTILES –61 Leptophis depressirostris Atelopus limosus Crocodilians -1 Mastigodryas melanolomus Rhaebo haematiticus Family Alligatoridae Oxybelis aeneus Rhinella marina Caiman crocodilus Oxybelis fulgidus Family Centrolenidae Phrynonax poecilonotus Cochranella granulosa Turtles - 1 Rhinobothryum bovallii Hyalinobatrachium cf. colymbiphyllum Family Kinosternidae Spilotes pullatus Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni Kinosternon scorpioides Stenorrhina degenhardtii Sachatamia ilex Tantilla schistosa Teratohyla pulverata Worm Lizards—1 Family Dipsadidae Teratohyla spinosa Family Amphisbaenidae Clelia clelia Family Craugastoridae Amphisbaena varia Coniophanes fissidens Craugastor aff. polyptychus Dipsas articulata Craugastor crassidigitus Lizards - 25 Enuliophis sclateri Craugastor fitzingeri Family Gekkonidae Geophis hoffmani Craugastor gollmeri Hemidactylus garnotti Imantodes cenchoa Craugastor opimus Lepidodactylus lugubris Imantodes inornatus Craugastor talamancae Family Phyllodactylidae Leptodeira rhombifera Family Dendrobatidae Thecadactylus rapicauda Ninia maculata Andinobates fulguritus Family Sphaerodactylidae Oxyrhopus petolarius Andinobates minutus Gonatodes albogularis Pliocercus euryzonus Colostethus panamensis Lepidoblepharis xanthostigma Pseudoboa newiedii Colostethus pratti Sphaerodactylus lineolatus Sibon nebulatus Dendrobates auratus Family Gymnophthalmidae Urotheca fulviceps Silverstoneia flotator Anadia vittata Family Elapidae Silverstoneia nubicola (?) Echinosaura panamensis Micrurus multifasciatus Family Eleutherodactylidae Loxopholis southi Micrurus nigrocinctus Diasporus diastema Ptychoglossus festae Family Viperidae Diasporus quidditus Family Corytophanidae Bothriechis schlegelii Diasporus aff. vocator Basiliscus basiliscus Bothrops asper Family Hylidae Corytophanes cristatus Porthidium nasutum Agalychnis callidryas Family Dactyloidae (Dendropsophus ebraccatus) Anolis apletophallus Hyloscirtus palmeri Anolis capito Hypsiboas boans Anolis elcopeensis (Hypsiboas rosenbergi) Anolis humilis Scinax ruber Anolis insignis Smilisca phaeota Anolis poecilopus Smilisca sila Anolis vittigerus Family Leptodactylidae Family Hoplocercidae Engystomops pustulosus Enyalioides heterolepis Leptodactylus fragilis Family Iguanidae Leptodactylus melanonotus Iguana iguana Leptodactylus savagei Family Mabuyidae Oscaecilia ochrocephala Caecilian Limbless & eyeless—with short tentacle on each side of head near Caecilliidae nostril Least Concern Bolitoglossa sp. Dwarf Salamander Plethodontidae Very small size; large nostrils Not Assessed Bolitoglossa biseriata Two-lined Salamander Plethodontidae Least Concern Coloration variable but generally with a lighter dorsal field that is separated from the darker flanks by a light lateral line, on each side of the body ♂ Somewhat robust with powerful limbs and pad-like, fully webbed hands and feet ♀ Light area on top of snout characteristic Bolitoglossa cuna Cuna Salamander Plethodontidae Data Deficient Tail laterally compressed Small and mottled brown, with a short, truncated snout Bolitoglossa medemi Medem Salamander Plethodontidae Vulnerable Juveniles are tiny Oedipina aff. complex Worm-like with miniscule limbs Worm Salamander Plethodontidae Least Concern Juvenile Atelopus limosus Angular body; long, skinny limbs Limosa Harlequin Toad Bufonidae Endangered Rhaebo haematiticus Smooth-skinned Toad Bufonidae Least Concern Smooth skin; large parotoid glands; ‘dead leaf’ color pattern Juvenile Huge size with enormous parotoid glands; female with rounded warts, male with small spines on skin Rhinella marina Cane Toad, Marine Toad Bufonidae Least Concern ♀ Juvenile ♂ When stressed, all toads can excrete a cocktail of toxic chemicals from their pa- rotoid glands and skin; contact with the white, milky substance may cause eye and skin irritation - ingesting it can be very dangerous! Dorsal skin granular, covered with light-tipped bumps Cochranella granulosa Granular Glass Frog Centrolenidae Least Concern Green bones Eggs in large mass on upper surface of leaf, overhanging stream Hyalinobatrachium cf. colymbiphyllum Bare-hearted Glass Frog Centrolenidae Least Concern Black structure present under skin Eggs in small, circular mass on under surface of leaf, overhanging stream Heart clearly visible White bones Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni Fleischmann’s Glass Frog Centrolenidae Truncated, vertical snout profile without raised nostrils; faint Least Concern cream or yellow spots on a green dorsum; venter almost com- pletely transparent—beating heart clearly visible but covered with white membrane Heart not visible, cov- ered by white membrane Huge eyes with striking reticulated pattern White bones Raised nostrils give snout a truncated, vertical profile Sachatamia ilex Ghost Glass Frog Centrolenidae Organs almost entirely Least Concern covered by white mem- brane; green bones Teratohyla pulverata Powdered Glass Frog Centrolenidae Least Concern Pattern of tiny light ‘dust specks’; sloping snout profile Egg masses circular and often greatly swollen (to golf ball-size); jelly some- what opaque, making it difficult to see embryos Ventral surfaces transparent; organs covered with white membrane Ventral surfaces opaque and white; more of organs visible than in S. ilex Very small size—like a miniature ver- sion of Sachatamia ilex - but usually with bronze-colored iris and lacking raised nostrils; white membrane covers entire underside Teratohyla spinosa Dwarf Glass Frog Centrolenidae Least Concern ♂ ♂ Extremely variable in coloration and pattern; lacks webbing between fingers and toes and lacks enlarged finger and toe disks; warty skin Craugastor aff. polyptychus Litter Frog Craugastoridae Least Concern ♀ Smooth skin; grayish to tan colora- tion; distinctive dark mask; reddish iris Craugastor gollmeri Southern Masked Rain Frog Craugastoridae Juveniles lack the reddish iris Least Concern Craugastor crassidigitus Craugastor fitzingeri Slim-fingered Rain Frog Fitzinger’s Rain Frog Craugastoridae Craugastoridae Least Concern Least Concern Both extremely variable and similar species; only reliably distinguished based on the color on the back of the thighs Back of thighs Back of thighs brown solid reddish- with yellow dots brown Somewhat toad-like with a very broad head; hourglass-shaped ridge on back; venter with pattern of light polka-dots. Craugastor opimus Broad-headed Rain Frog Craugastoridae Least Concern juvenile Back of thighs solid brown; hind legs sometimes with red wash ♀ ♂ Craugastor talamancae Talamancan Rain Frog Craugastoridae Least Concern White lateral stripe; long legs Andinobates fulguritus Dwarf Poison-dart Frog Andinobates minutus Dendrobatidae Dwarf Poison-dart Frog Least Concern Dendrobatidae Least Concern Dendrobates auratus Green-and-Black Poison-dart Frog Dendrobatidae Least Concern Colostethus panamensis Panamanian Rocket Frog Dendrobatidae Least Concern Robust build, with power- ful legs; lateral light stripe incomplete; yellow flash marks in groin Robust build, with powerful legs; venterolateral light stripe complete and continuous with lip stripe; usu- ally with a small white dot near Colostethus pratti insertion of hind limbs Pratt’s Rocket Frog Dendrobatidae Least Concern Lateral light stripe runs from insertion of hind Silverstoneia flotator leg to eye Rocket Frog Dendrobatidae Least Concern Silverstoneia nubicola (?) Rocket Frog Dendrobatidae Lateral light stripe incomplete; vertical dark bars on hind limbs Near Threatened Diasporus diastema Common Tink Frog Eleutherodactylidae Least Concern Salmon-orange to pink coloration; each toe with alternating white and dark brown bands; arboreal; call a loud ‘tink’ Very similar to Common Tink Frog , but smaller, more rugose skin; tan with dark brown blotches; terrestrial, found in stream beds Diasporus quidditus Tink Frog Eleutherodactylidae Least Concern Handling these frogs can result in getting orange- stained fingers Very similar to Common Tink Frog , but smaller; relatively large eyes and short snout (about as long as diameter of eye) Diasporus aff. vocator Tink Frog Eleutherodactylidae Least Concern Agalychnis callidryas Red-eyed Tree Frog Hylidae Red eyes with vertical pupils; bluish bars on sides Least Concern Pattern-less morph Dendropsophus ebraccatus Hourglass Tree Frog Hylidae Least Concern Light spot below eye All-green tree frog Hyloscirtus palmeri Green Stream Frog Hylidae Least Concern Metamorph shown; adults call from below large boulders in rocky streams Hypsiboas boans Amazon Gladiator Tree Frog Hylidae Least Concern Huge size; large pointed protuberance
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