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The Freeman, the Hero's Journey

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SPRING 2016 FROM THE EDITOR EDITOR B.K. Marcus The mighty hunter stalks the beast. He has the creature’s scent and knows that soon COPY EDITOR Amy Fontinelle one of them will be dead. He is far from home, far from the world of his clan, but it is for POETRY EDITOR Sarah Skwire them—the community he has left behind—that he assumes the dangers of this quest. CONTRIBUTING EDITOR Daniel Bier CONTRIBUTING EDITOR Jeffrey A. Tucker Humanity’s oldest stories follow the form: the lone individual in peril on behalf of ART DIRECTOR Sara Seal his tribe. From the Hobbit to Harry Potter, from Star Wars to the Hunger Games, we PUBLISHER Richard N. Lorenc see this pattern embedded in the structure of our favorite tales. DEPUTY PUBLISHER James Anderson Mythologist Joseph Campbell called the deep universal framework of these stories the FOUNDATION FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION hero’s journey, drawing on the psychoanalytic theory of Carl Jung and Jung’s concept PRESIDENT Lawrence W. Reed of archetypes, the symbols across time and across cultures that surround each person’s EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Wayne Olson journey toward both individual authenticity and wholeness with her community. STAFF In the heroic stories, both fictional and factual, featured in these pages, each beast Marianna Brashear is an avatar of coercion—whether manifested in the naked force of an authoritarian Ariel Deschapell regime, in the insidious ideologies that masquerade special interests as collective Ryan Ferguson weal, or in the actions of one individual willing to impose his will on another. Michael Heydon Lauren Hicks The peril may be physical or intellectual. To risk suffering and death requires a Morgan Hoggle particular brand of heroism, but there are quieter forms of courage and character: there Jason Kelly is real risk and real valor in defying the established wisdom, in speaking truth to power. Sara Morrison Carl Oberg The word hero is Greek, from a root that means protector. The customary Ian Ostaszewski understanding of the hero, then, is as one who protects his tribe. But the heroes of Jason Riddle freedom face an extra challenge: the tribe that they set out to protect stand also as William Smith guardians at the threshold, one of the obstacles to be overcome. Elizabeth Sorby Justin Streiff Campbell wrote, “The modern hero, the modern individual who dares to heed the Elise Thompson call and seek the mansion of that presence with whom it is our whole destiny to David Veksler be atoned, cannot, indeed must not, wait for his community to cast off its slough of pride, fear, rationalized avarice, and sanctified misunderstanding.… It is not society BOARD OF TRUSTEES that is to guide and save the creative hero, but precisely the reverse.” CHAIRMAN Roger Ream VICE CHAIRMAN Harry H. Langenberg In the traditional tale, when the hero returns with the boon or elixir that will SECRETARY Ingrid A. Gregg revitalize his community, he arrives transformed, ready to reintegrate with his TREASURER Michael S. Yashko people. But the elixir of liberty transforms the community itself. Whether or not Thomas Armstrong, Jr. that change is welcome—whether you will be recognized as the tribe’s protector or Sarah Atkins seen instead as a new threat—remains unwritten. Harold (Jay) Bowen III Frederic Fransen Seventy years ago, Leonard Read started the Foundation for Economic Education Dan Grossman to teach the values of the freedom philosophy and the economic way of thinking. Kris Alan Mauren If Campbell was right about the friction between the modern hero and his or her Chris Talley tribe—a tribe no longer limited to clan or even nation but now comprising the John Westerfield world—then the ongoing mission of FEE and the Freeman is to tell the tales that will help this universal tribe embrace both liberty and its heroes. VOLUME 66 | NO. 01 — B.K. MARCUS PUBLISHED BY FOUNDATION FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION SUBSCRIBE 1718 Peachtree Street NW, Suite 1048 The Foundation for Economic Education (FEE) is a nonpolitical, nonprofit educational Atlanta, GA 30309 | United States champion of individual liberty, private property, the free market, and constitutionally Phone: 800 960 4333 | [email protected] limited government. FEE has been publishing the Freeman since 1956. www.FEE.org The Freeman is published quarterly. Views expressed by the authors do not necessarily Copyright © 2016 Foundation for Economic Education, reflect those of FEE’s officers and trustees. To receive a sample copy, or to have the except for graphics material licensed under Creative Freeman come regularly to your door, call 800 960 4333, or visit FEE.org/freeman. Commons Agreement. Permission granted to reprint any article from this issue with appropriate credit, except as noted. FEAT UR ES 16 18 HE VOLUNTEERED TO GO TO AUSCHWITZ Lawrence W. Reed 22 YOUR EVERY ACTION IS HEROIC Richard N. Lorenc 25 THE INTELLECTUAL JOURNEY OF HENRY HAZLITT Jeffrey A. Tucker 29 FREEDOM’S CHAMPION: LEONARD E. READ Roger Ream ECONOMICS & POLICY 09 HOW TO MAKE ECONOMIC SCHOOL & FREEDOM SOUND SILLY MAJORITY RULES ARTS & CULTURE EDUCATION Sandy Ikeda 40 06 02 14 WHY DO PEOPLE STUDENTS FOR SALE STAR TREK’S HOW THE STATE KEEPS BEHAVE SO BADLY IN Thomas Bogle PSEUDO-ECONOMICS YOU WORKING LONG HOURS THE VOTING BOOTH? Robert P. Murphy Iain Murray Isaac M. Morehouse 12 A MONOPOLY 44 34 46 SCHOOL SYSTEM THE SCIENCE FICTION WE’RE STILL HAUNTED BY SERIOUS TV DEBATES CAN’T BE EVENHANDED OF SCARCITY THE LABOR THEORY OF VALUE ARE IMPOSSIBLE Kevin Currie-Knight Sarah Skwire Steven Horwitz David Bier & Daniel Bier 30 50 38 HOMESCHOOLING IS THE MAZE STEPHEN HAWKING DOESN’T 50 A THREAT TO PUBLIC Kristine Ong Muslim UNDERSTAND ECONOMICS EDUCATION Stewart Dompe B.K. Marcus 51 TEA Su-Yee Lin 25 52 THIRST Denton Loving STAR TREK’S PSEUDO-ECONOMICS BEAM ME UP: THERE’S NO ECONOMY DOWN HERE BY ROBERT P. MURPHY 2 FEE.org ARTS & CULTURE | SPRING 2016 A fan convention dedicated to comics, graphic novels, somehow indicates a qualitative change in the nature of anime, manga, video games, toys, movies, and television is scarcity. Even though we enjoy a standard of living that, in not the place you’d expect to find a panel on economic theory. many respects, exceeds that of Louis XIV, just about every But economists and geeks joined forces last fall at the New American today desires more material goods. Indeed, many York Comic Con to discuss “Trekonomics,” the economics of DeLong’s colleagues recommend raising the minimum of Star Trek. wage for precisely this reason—though I disagree with their One of the major issues was whether the Trek universe is recommended solution. one of “post-scarcity,” and the implications the popular science fiction franchise poses for traditional economic theory. SCARCITY: NOT JUST FOR THE FERENGI The participants seemed confused about the role scarcity That humans move beyond subsistence is not the same plays in economic theory. as eliminating scarcity as economists typically use the term. It’s surprising A SCARCITY OF SENSE that DeLong apparently used the At one point in the panel, the DESPITE THE terms interchangeably. moderator Felix Salmon asked Indeed, scarcity occurs whenever economist Brad DeLong, “What is WONDERFUL SHIP AT the available resources are insuffi- post-scarcity?” cient to satisfy all possible uses to DeLong answered: HIS COMMAND, CAPTAIN which human agents could put them, meaning that choices must be made. Gene Roddenberry tried to paint our KIRK MUST CHOOSE There will be trade-offs, even in future by saying: “Wait a minute! the world of Star Trek. What’s going to happen in three cen- BETWEEN HIS Because of that, people would turies? In three centuries we are going still need the institutions of private to have replicators. Anything material, STRANDED FRIEND property and money, even if Gene gastronomic that we want … we are Roddenberry banished them from going to have. What kinds of people AND THE PLANET OF the most enlightened and advanced will we be then and how will we live?” species in his fictitious creation. SICK STRANGERS. We are quite far on that transition SCARCITY IN TREK already.... We can reflect on some of the more iconic moments from Star Trek Right now … here in the United States what used to be the prin- to illustrate the pervasiveness of scarcity. cipal occupation of the human race—farming—is at satiation.… For example, in “The Galileo Seven,” Spock must We have about three times as many people in our medical and make difficult command decisions when the shuttlecraft health-support professions working to try and offset the effects is stranded on a planet. Yet, the suspense in the episode of excessive calories as we do growing calories and nutrients. derives from Galactic High Commissioner Ferris bickering Thus we are now rapidly approaching a post-scarcity economy. with Kirk over how long they should continue searching for the landing party while the plague-ridden people of Makus And it is not just for food. If you go and look at containers coming III await the medical supplies the Enterprise is delivering. in from China, we are approaching it with respect to things physi- There is obvious conflict because of the trade-off involved: cally made via manufacturing processes as well. And that’s one of despite the wonderful ship at his command, Kirk (it seems) the things Star Trek is about. must choose between his stranded friend and the planet of sick strangers. It is odd that someone who flips out so much when people Indeed, even though the opening sequence of each disagree with his policy views thinks that we are approach- episode mentions seeking out new life and civilizations, ing the satiation of all physical wants.
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